The distribution of mitochondria, including the mitochondrial genome, into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton.
The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome.
The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms.
OBSOLETE. Assists in the correct assembly of ribosomes or ribosomal subunits in vivo, but is not a component of the assembled ribosome when performing its normal biological function.
high-affinity zinc transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other, probably powered by proton motive force. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity zinc uptake transmembrane transporter activity
high-affinity zinc uptake transmembrane transporter activity
low-affinity zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Zn2+ = Zn2+, probably powered by proton motive force. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
OBSOLETE. A small disulfide-containing redox protein that serves as a general protein disulfide oxidoreductase. Interacts with a broad range of proteins by a redox mechanism, based on the reversible oxidation of 2 cysteine thiol groups to a disulfide, accompanied by the transfer of 2 electrons and 2 protons. The net result is the covalent interconversion of a disulfide and a dithiol.
Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->6) linkage.
trans-hexaprenyltranstransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 4 isopentenyl diphosphate = 4 diphosphate + all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate.
all-trans-heptaprenyl-diphosphate synthase activity
heptaprenyl diphosphate synthase activity
heptaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase activity
heptaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity
The distribution of vacuoles into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between vacuoles and the cytoskeleton.
The repair of single strand breaks in DNA. Repair of such breaks is mediated by the same enzyme systems as are used in base excision repair.
single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within a single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks.
single-stranded DNA specific endodeoxyribonuclease activity
ssDNA-specific endodeoxyribonuclease activity
A multimeric enzyme complex, usually a dimer or an octamer, that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phospho-D-glycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate and water.
Catalysis of the reaction: lactose + H2O = D-glucose + D-galactose.
The directed movement of alpha-glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Alpha-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in an alpha configuration.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination, a DNA metabolic process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.
regulation of recombination within rDNA repeats
obsolete negative regulation of recombination within rDNA repeats
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of genetic recombination within the DNA of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA.
The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle. Mitotic spindle elongation begins during mitotic prophase and ends during mitotic anaphase B.
microtubule sliding involved in mitotic spindle elongation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose), an intermediate in the catabolism of glycogen and starch.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose).
Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->2) linkage.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the large ribosomal subunit.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the small ribosomal subunit.
Catalysis of the transfer of a mannosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
Catalysis of the transfer of a mannosylphosphate group from one compound to another.
cell wall mannoprotein biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall mannoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.
Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3) linkage.
Catalysis of the reaction: adenine + H2O = hypoxanthine + NH3.
Binding to an acyl group, any group formally derived by removal of the hydroxyl group from the acid function of a carboxylic acid.
Binding an acyl group and presenting it for processing or offloading to a cognate enzyme. Covalently binds the acyl group via a phosphopantetheine prosthetic group and mediates protein-protein interactions with the enzyme conferring specificity. The acyl carrier protein (ACP) presents substrates to enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis or in polyketide secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
ACP phosphopantetheine attachment site binding involved in fatty acid biosynthetic process
very long-chain fatty acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a very long chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons.
very long chain fatty acid metabolic process
very-long-chain fatty acid metabolic process
obsolete plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transporter
OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
The directed movement of transition metal ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.
OBSOLETE. The reduction of the ascorbate free radical to a stable form.
The formation of a double membrane-bounded structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm.
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-tRNA(1) + aminoacyl-tRNA(2) = tRNA(1) + peptidylaminoacyl-tRNA(2).
peptidyl-tRNA:aminoacyl-tRNA N-peptidyltransferase activity
The sequence of reactions by which arginine is synthesized from ornithine, then cleaved to yield urea and regenerate ornithine. The overall reaction equation is NH3 + CO2 + aspartate + 3 ATP + 2 H2O = urea + fumarate + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + AMP + diphosphate.
obsolete urea cycle intermediate metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the intermediate compounds involved in the urea cycle, a cyclic metabolic pathway that converts waste nitrogen in the form of ammonium to urea.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving argininosuccinate, 2-(N(omega)-arginino)succinate, an intermediate in the ornithine-urea cycle, where it is synthesized from citrulline and aspartate.
The directed movement of a ribosomal subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
ribosomal subunit export from cell nucleus
ribosomal subunit transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus
The directed movement of a ribosomal large subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
50S ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
60S ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
ribosomal large subunit export from cell nucleus
ribosomal large subunit export out of nucleus
ribosomal large subunit transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus
The directed movement of a ribosomal small subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
30S ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
40S ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
ribosomal small subunit export from cell nucleus
ribosomal small subunit export out of nucleus
ribosomal small subunit transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
obsolete protein import into nucleus, docking
OBSOLETE. A protein complex assembly process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the association of a cargo protein, a carrier protein such as an importin alpha/beta heterodimer, and a nucleoporin located at the periphery of the nuclear pore complex.
obsolete protein import into nucleus, translocation
OBSOLETE. A protein transport process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the vectorial transfer of a cargo-carrier protein complex through the nuclear pore complex from the cytoplasmic side to the nucleoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope.
obsolete protein import into nucleus, substrate release
OBSOLETE. A protein complex disassembly process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the dissociation of the cargo protein and the carrier (such as an importin alpha/beta heterodimer) from each other and from the nuclear pore complex.
Binding to a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty acyl group.
L-ornithine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-ornithine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-ornithine is 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid.
histidine/arginine/lysine/ornithine porter activity
obsolete DNA replication and chromosome cycle
The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
mitotic sister-chromatid adhesion release
obsolete M phase specific microtubule process
OBSOLETE. A microtubule-based process that occurs only during M phase of the cell cycle.
initial mitotic spindle pole body separation
The release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) that begins with the nucleation of microtubules from each SPB within the nucleus, leading to V-shaped spindle microtubules. Interpolar microtubules that elongate from each pole are interconnected, forming overlapping microtubules. Capturing and antiparallel sliding apart of microtubules promotes the initial separation of the SPB.
A signaling process that controls cell cycle progression by monitoring the integrity of specific cell cycle events. A cell cycle checkpoint begins with detection of deficiencies or defects and ends with signal transduction.
signal transduction involved in cell cycle checkpoint
signal transduction involved in G2/M transition checkpoint
A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA replication checkpoint, that prevents the initiation of nuclear division until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the genome.
signal transduction involved in DNA replication checkpoint
A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA damage checkpoint.
DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest
signal transduction involved in DNA damage checkpoint
obsolete cytokinesis after mitosis checkpoint
OBSOLETE. A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects whether chromosome segregation is complete and negatively regulates cytokinesis following mitosis.
regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G1 commits to S phase. The process begins with the build up of G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (G1 CDK), resulting in the activation of transcription of G1 cyclins. The process ends with the positive feedback of the G1 cyclins on the G1 CDK which commits the cell to S phase, in which DNA replication is initiated.
regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are involved in the transition between G1 and S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by mitosis.
The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G2 commits to M phase. The process begins when the kinase activity of M cyclin/CDK complex reaches a threshold high enough for the cell cycle to proceed. This is accomplished by activating a positive feedback loop that results in the accumulation of unphosphorylated and active M cyclin/CDK complex.
A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.
The cell cycle phase, following prophase, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
The cell cycle phase during which the kinetochore microtubules shorten as chromosomes move toward the spindle poles as part of mitosis.
The cell cycle phase during which the polar microtubules elongate and the two poles of the spindle move farther apart as part of mitosis.
The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
obsolete septin assembly and septum formation
S-adenosyl-L-methionine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of S-adenosylmethionine from one side of a membrane to the other. S-adenosylmethionine is S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.
S-adenosylmethionine transmembrane transporter activity
S-adenosylmethionine transporter activity
S-adenosyl methionine transporter activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, homocysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.
sulfur amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of sulfur amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Sulphur amino acids contain sulfur in the form of cystine, methionine or their derivatives.
sulphur amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
S-methylmethionine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of S-methylmethionine from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of amino acids containing sulfur (cystine, methionine and their derivatives) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
L-methionine secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-methionine from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.
The pathways by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds.
sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by an oxidoreductase, acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
sulphate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulphate reduction by an oxidoreductase, acting on sulphur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + acceptor = fumarate + reduced acceptor.
succinate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
succinate:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-P + L-glutamine = D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate + aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide + L-glutamate + 2 H+.
glutamine amidotransferase:cyclase activity
imidazoleglycerol phosphate synthase activity
imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase activity
imidazole-glycerol-phosphate synthase activity
OBSOLETE. A stable complex of proteins that carry out the DNA damage recognition and incision reactions characteristic of nucleotide excision repair (NER), such as DNA damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at sites flanking damaged DNA; includes TFIIH subunits and additional polypeptides; may form in the absence of DNA damage.
Any complex formed of proteins that act in nucleotide-excision repair.
nucleotide-excision repair factor 1 complex
One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and endodeoxynuclease activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad1p, Rad10p, and Rad14p; in human the subunits are ERCC4/XPF, ERCC1 and XPA, respectively.
nucleotide-excision repair factor 2 complex
One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses damaged DNA binding activity. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad4p and Rad23p.
nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex
One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses endodeoxynuclease and DNA helicase activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad2p and the core TFIIH-Ssl2p complex (core TFIIH is composed of Rad3p, Tfb1p, Tfb2p, Ssl1p, Tfb4p and Tfb5p. Note that Ssl2p is also called Rad25p).
nucleotide-excision repair factor 4 complex
One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and DNA-dependent ATPase activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad7p and Rad16p.
obsolete regulation of transcription involved in G1 phase of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed as part of the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
obsolete regulation of transcription involved in S phase of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. A cell cycle process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed as part of the S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
obsolete regulation of transcription involved in G2-phase of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed as part of the G2 phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
regulation of transcription involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed as part of the G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle.
G2/M-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
A protein complex that possesses histone deacetylase activity.
RNA polymerase I transcription regulator complex
A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase I.
RNA polymerase I transcription factor complex
Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol-1-phosphate + H2O = glycerol + phosphate.
glycerol-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase activity
glycerol 3-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.
downregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
down regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
down-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
inhibition of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter
negative regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global
A protein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase activity.
A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that deubiquitinates H2A and/or H2B. This complex is organized into several functional submodules: a structural core including the activator binding module and consisting of ADA1 or a homolog, members of the SPT and TAF protein families as well as promotor recruitment factor TRRAP/TRA1, a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) module consisting of GCN5/KAT2A or PCAF/KAT2B, ADA2, ADA3/NGG1, and SGF29 or homologues thereof, a histone deubiquitinase (DUB) module consisting of ATXN7/SGF73, ATXN7L3/SGF11, ENY2/SUS1 and USP22/UBP8 or homologues thereof, and in some taxa a splicing module consisting of SF3B3 and SF3B5 or homologues thereof (not in fungi). In budding yeast also contains Spt8 which distinguishes it from SAGA-like (SLIK) complex (GO:0046695).
PCAF histone acetylase-associated complex
A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIB contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and two Pol III-specific proteins, B'' and BRF.
A heterotrimeric transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIC contains three conserved subunits that associate with the proximal Pol III promoter element, and additional subunits that associate with sequence elements downstream of the promoter and are more diverged among species. It also functions as a boundary element to partition genome content into distinct domains outside Pol III promoter regions.
The reversible, non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms in suspension to form aggregates of many cells known as flocs.
cell-cell adhesion involved in flocculation
cell-cell adhesion involved in flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction
coflocculation via lectin-mannose interaction
coflocculation via protein-carbohydrate interaction
flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction
The portion of the budding yeast plasma membrane where a daughter cell will emerge. The yeast marks this spot with bud-site selection proteins before bud emergence occurs. Actin is polarized to this spot just prior to and during bud emergence.
establishment of mitotic spindle orientation
A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures.
establishment of spindle orientation during mitosis
establishment of spindle orientation involved in mitotic cell cycle
Protein complex that plays a role in determining cell polarity by directing the localized assembly of actin filaments at polarization sites; in Saccharomyces the polarisome includes Bni1p, Spa2p, Pea2p, and Bud6p.
A protein complex with alpha-(1->6)-mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins.
The Golgi cisterna closest to the endoplasmic reticulum; the first processing compartment through which proteins pass after export from the ER.
The Golgi cisterna farthest from the endoplasmic reticulum; the final processing compartment through which proteins pass before exiting the Golgi apparatus; the compartment in which N-linked protein glycosylation is completed.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
acylglycerone-phosphate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-palmitoylglycerol-3-phosphate + NADP+ = palmitoylglycerone phosphate + NADPH + H+.
1-acyldihydroxyacetone-phosphate reductase activity
1-palmitoylglycerol-3-phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase activity
palmitoyldihydroxyacetone-phosphate reductase activity
palmitoyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase activity
palmitoyl-dihydroxyacetone-phosphate reductase activity
A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck in mitotic cells that divide by budding in preparation for completing cytokinesis. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
A ring-shaped structure that forms at the site of cytokinesis in the bud neck of a budding cell; composed of members of the conserved family of filament forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. In S. cerevisiae, this structure forms at the time of bud emergence and the septins show a high rate of exchange.
A protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse. At least eight complex components are conserved between yeast and mammals.
A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
Assembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane of fungal cells.
A protein complex that catalyzes the transfer of a glucose group from UDP-glucose to a (1->3)-beta-D-glucan chain.
Binding to a SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attached protein receptor) protein.
Catalysis of the identification and base-pairing of homologous sequences between single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA.
A protein complex that includes a ubiquitin-protein ligase and enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. The complex also contains other proteins that may confer substrate specificity on the complex.
A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the nucleus.
A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the cytoplasm.
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an rRNA molecule to produce an rRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of a histidine residue in response to detection of an extracellular signal such as a chemical ligand or change in environment, to initiate a change in cell state or activity. The two-component sensor is a histidine kinase that autophosphorylates a histidine residue in its active site. The phosphate is then transferred to an aspartate residue in a downstream response regulator, to trigger a response.
phosphorelay response regulator activity
Responds to a phosphorelay sensor to initiate a change in cell state or activity. The activity of the response regulator is regulated by transfer of a phosphate from a histidine residue in the sensor, to an aspartate residue in the response regulator. Many but not all response regulators act as transcriptional regulators to elicit a response.
two-component response regulator activity
A protein complex that has protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity that is polycation-stimulated (PCS), being directly stimulated by protamine, polylysine, or histone H1; it constitutes a subclass of several enzymes activated by different histones and polylysine, and consists of catalytic, scaffolding, and regulatory subunits. The catalytic and scaffolding subunits form the core enzyme, and the holoenzyme also includes the regulatory subunit.
A conserved series of molecular signals found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; involves autophosphorylation of a histidine kinase and the transfer of the phosphate group to an aspartate that then acts as a phospho-donor to response regulator proteins.
The series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays a signal, containing at least a Hog1/Sty1 family MAPK, a Pbs2/Wis1 family MAPKK and a Ssk2/Win1 family MAP3K.
activation of MAPK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
activation of MAPKK activity during osmolarity sensing
activation of MAPKK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
activation of MAPKKK activity during osmolarity sensing
activation of MAPKKK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) MAPK pathway
inactivation of MAPK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
MAPK cascade involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
MAPKKK cascade during osmolarity sensing
MAPKKK cascade involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
MAPKKK cascade involved in osmosensory signalling pathway
osmolarity sensing, activation of MAPK activity
osmolarity sensing, activation of MAP kinase kinase activity
osmolarity sensing, activation of MAP kinase kinase kinase activity
osmolarity sensing, activation of MAPKK activity
osmolarity sensing, activation of MAPKKK activity
termination of MAPK activity during osmolarity sensing
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid; tryptophan is synthesized from chorismate via anthranilate.
aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, anthranilate pathway
A protein complex that possesses magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase (AMD phosphatase) activity, and consists of a catalytic subunit and one or more regulatory subunits that dictates the phosphatase's substrate specificity, function, and activity.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade
Binding to a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of sphingolipid long chain bases.
Catalysis of the site-specific cleavage of RNA by a catalytic RNA-mediated mechanism; substrates include the A3 site in the ITS1 of pre-rRNA.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA molecule of the snoRNA family, and cleaves the rRNA precursor as part of rRNA transcript processing. It also has other roles: In S. cerevisiae it is involved in cell cycle-regulated degradation of daughter cell-specific mRNAs, while in mammalian cells it also enters the mitochondria and processes RNAs to create RNA primers for DNA replication.
ribonuclease mitochondrial RNA processing complex
obsolete inactivation of MAPK (mating sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. Downregulation of MAP kinase activity in the context of transduction of mating pheromone signal, as described for Saccharomyces.
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule.
A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime processive and distributive hydrolytic exoribonuclease activity and endoribonuclease activity, producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.
eukaryotic exosome multienzyme ribonuclease complex
nuclear exosome multienzyme ribonuclease complex
A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime processive hydrolytic exoribonuclease activity producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.
cytoplasmic exosome (ribonuclease complex)
cytoplasmic exosome multienzyme ribonuclease complex
prokaryotic exosome multienzyme ribonuclease complex
A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime exoribonuclease activity and possibly endoribonuclease activity, producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.
exosome multienzyme ribonuclease complex
rRNA (adenine-N6,N6-)-dimethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the dimethylation of two adjacent adenine residues in a rRNA, using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a methyl donor.
S-adenosylmethionine-6-N', N'-adenosyl(rRNA) dimethyltransferase activity
obsolete cytosolic large ribosomal subunit
obsolete cytosolic small ribosomal subunit
Binding to a DNA sequence encoding a ribosomal RNA.
The formation of heterochromatin at ribosomal DNA, characterized by the modified histone H3K9me3.
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay
The nonsense-mediated decay pathway for nuclear-transcribed mRNAs degrades mRNAs in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; this prevents the translation of such mRNAs into truncated, and potentially harmful, proteins.
mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated
mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated decay
nuclear mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay
OBSOLETE. Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK).
OBSOLETE. The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK).
OBSOLETE. The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).
OBSOLETE. Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus upon activation.
obsolete MAPKKK cascade (pseudohyphal growth)
OBSOLETE. MAPKKK cascade involved in transduction of signal promoting pseudohyphal or invasive growth.
obsolete activation of MAPKKK (pseudohyphal growth)
OBSOLETE. Upregulation of MAPKKK activity in the context of regulating pseudohyphal or invasive growth.
obsolete activation of MAPKK (pseudohyphal growth)
OBSOLETE. Upregulation of a MAP kinase kinase in the context of regulating pseudohyphal or invasive growth.
obsolete activation of MAPK (pseudohyphal growth)
OBSOLETE. Upregulation of MAP kinase activity in the context of regulating pseudohyphal or invasive growth.
obsolete inactivation of MAPK (pseudohyphal growth)
OBSOLETE. Downregulation of MAP kinase activity in the context of regulating pseudohyphal or invasive growth.
obsolete nuclear translocation of MAPK (pseudohyphal growth)
OBSOLETE. Movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus in the context of regulating pseudohyphal or invasive growth.
A MAPK cascade that contributes to cell wall organization or biogenesis.
MAPK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
MAPKKK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell integrity pathway
obsolete activation of MAPKKK activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
OBSOLETE. Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase in the context of cell wall organization or biogenesis.
obsolete activation of MAPKK activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
OBSOLETE. Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase in the context of cell wall organization or biogenesis.
obsolete activation of MAPK activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
OBSOLETE. Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase in the context of cell wall biogenesis, the assembly and arrangement of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells.
obsolete inactivation of MAPK activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
OBSOLETE. Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase in the context of cell wall organization or biogenesis.
obsolete MAPK import into nucleus involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus that occurs in the context of cell wall organization or biogenesis.
obsolete MAPKKK cascade during sporulation (sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. MAPKKK cascade involved in transduction of signal promoting sporulation. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4930).
obsolete activation of MAPKKK during sporulation (sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. Upregulation of MAPKKK activity in the context of sporulation. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4930).
obsolete activation of MAPKK during sporulation (sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. Upregulation of a MAP kinase kinase in the context of sporulation. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4930).
obsolete activation of MAPK during sporulation (sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. Upregulation of MAP kinase activity in the context of sporulation. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4930).
obsolete inactivation of MAPK during sporulation (sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. Downregulation of MAP kinase activity in the context of sporulation. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4930).
obsolete nuclear translocation of MAPK during sporulation (sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. Movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus in the context of sporulation. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4930).
obsolete MAPK import into nucleus involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus during osmolarity sensing.
Addition of multiple ubiquitin groups to a protein, forming a ubiquitin chain.
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = AMP + NMN.
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pyrophosphatase activity
obsolete protein degradation tagging activity
OBSOLETE. Covalent addition of polyubiquitin to another protein, targeting the tagged protein for destruction.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.
meiotic spindle organization and biogenesis
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-tRNA, producing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini, and specifically removing the intron.
A protein complex that catalyzes the endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-tRNA, producing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini, and specifically removing the intron.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-phospho-[ligated tRNA] + NAD+ = mature tRNA + ADP ribose 1'',2''-phosphate + nicotinamide + H2O. This reaction is the transfer of the splice junction 2-phosphate from ligated tRNA to NAD+ to produce ADP-ribose 1'-2' cyclic phosphate.
2'-phospho-[ligated tRNA]:NAD+ phosphotransferase activity
2'-phospho-tRNA:NAD+ phosphotransferase activity
obsolete M/G1 transition of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Progression from M phase to G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
Binding to a DNA secondary structure element such as a four-way junction, a bubble, a loop, Y-form DNA, or a double-strand/single-strand junction.
obsolete vacuolar hydrogen-transporting ATPase
vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain
The V0 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the vacuolar membrane.
vacuolar hydrogen ion-transporting ATPase V0 domain
vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain
The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the vacuolar membrane.
vacuolar hydrogen ion-transporting ATPase V1 domain
plasma membrane proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain
The V0 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the plasma membrane.
plasma membrane hydrogen ion-transporting ATPase V0 domain
plasma membrane proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain
The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the plasma membrane.
plasma membrane hydrogen ion-transporting ATPase V1 domain
peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + peptide L-aspartate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an N4-(acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)asparagine residue in which the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue may be further glycosylated, to yield a (substituted) N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine and the peptide containing an aspartic residue.
N-linked-glycopeptide-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine amidohydrolase activity
N-oligosaccharide glycopeptidase activity
N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + H2O = D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + acetate. This reaction is the second step of the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), used to anchor various eukaryotic proteins to the cell-surface membrane.
6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol acetylhydrolase activity
acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol deacetylase activity
N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol acetylhydrolase activity
N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylase activity
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
oxaloacetate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of oxaloacetate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.
A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.
OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the cytoplasm.
OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the nucleus during mitosis.
OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the cytoplasm during mitosis.
OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the nucleus during interphase.
obsolete cytoplasmic interphase chromosome
OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the cytoplasm during interphase.
phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + ethanolamine phosphate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylethanolamine phosphate.
phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:ethanolamine-phosphate N-methyltransferase activity
Any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.
The cell cycle phase in higher eukaryotes which follows mitotic prophase and during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region. Kinetochores mature on each centromere and attach to some of the spindle microtubules. Kinetochore microtubules begin the process of aligning chromosomes in one plane halfway between the poles.
The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of prophase I in meiosis, and during which the chromosomes first become visible.
The cell cycle phase which follows leptotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which each chromosome pairs with its homolog; the two become aligned and crossing over may occur.
The cell cycle phase which follows zygotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which crossing over occurs between a chromatid in one partner and another chromatid in the homologous chromosome.
The cell cycle phase which follows pachytene during prophase I of meiosis, during which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves.
The cell cycle phase which follows diplotene during prophase I of meiosis, the separation of homologous chromosomes is complete and crossing over has occurred.
A network of small fibers that surrounds the centrioles in cells; contains the microtubule nucleating activity of the centrosome.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the U1 snRNP with the 5' splice site of an unspliced intron in an RNA transcript.
The formation of a tri-snRNP complex containing U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs and U5 snRNAs and associated proteins. This includes reannealing of U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs released from previous rounds of splicing to reform the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) as well as the subsequent association of the U5 snRNP with the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) to form a tri-snRNP that is ready to reassemble into another spliceosome complex.
assembly of spliceosomal tri-snRNP U4/U6.U5
assembly of spliceosomal tri-snRNP U4atac/U6atac.U5
spliceosomal tri-snRNP U4/U6.U5 assembly
spliceosomal tri-snRNP U4atac/U6atac.U5 assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a spliceosomal complex, a ribonucleoprotein apparatus that catalyzes nuclear mRNA splicing via transesterification reactions.
Catalysis of the reaction: ergosterol + NADP+ = ergosta-5,7,22,24(24(1))-tetraen-3beta-ol + H+ + NADPH.
ergosterol:NADP+ delta24(241)-oxidoreductase activity
sterol Delta(24(28))-methylene reductase activity
sterol delta24(28)-methylene reductase activity
sterol delta-24(28) methylene reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction which results in unsaturation at C-7 in the B ring of sterols.
delta-8-delta-7 sterol isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,7,24(28)-ergostatrienol + O2 + NADPH = 5,7,22,24(28)-ergostatetraenol + 2 H2O + NADP+.
Catalysis of the formation of the C-22(23) double bond in the sterol side chain. An example reaction: 5,7,24(28)-ergostatrienol + O2 + NADPH = 5,7,22,24(28)-ergostatetraenol + 2 H2O + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = lanosterol. This is a cyclization reaction that forms the sterol nucleus.
(S)-2,3-epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
2,3-epoxysqualene lanosterol cyclase activity
2,3-epoxysqualene-lanosterol cyclase activity
2,3-epoxysqualene--lanosterol cyclase activity
2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase activity
2,3-oxidosqualene sterol cyclase activity
lanosterol 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase activity
oxidosqualene:lanosterol cyclase activity
oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase activity
oxidosqualene--lanosterol cyclase activity
squalene 2,3-epoxide:lanosterol cyclase activity
squalene-2,3-oxide-lanosterol cyclase activity
C-3 sterol dehydrogenase (C-4 sterol decarboxylase) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-hydroxy-4-beta-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-4-alpha-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ = 4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-one + CO2 + NAD(P)H.
3beta-hydroxy-4alpha-methylcholestenecarboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carboxylate:NAD(P)+ 3-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methylcholestenecarboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methylcholestenoate dehydrogenase activity
C-3 sterol dehydrogenase (C-4 decarboxylase) activity
sterol-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
sterol 4alpha-carboxylic decarboxylase activity
sterol-4-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxyl sterol + NADP+ = a 3-keto sterol + NADPH + H+.
3beta-hydroxy-steroid:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase
Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol + 6 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 5 H+ + 3 O2 = 4-beta-hydroxymethyl-4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol + 6 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 4 H2O.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea, an intermediate or end product of purine catabolism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea.
Catalysis of the reaction: a nitrile + H2O = a carboxylate + NH3. Acts on a wide range of aromatic nitriles including (indole-3-yl)-acetonitrile and some aliphatic nitriles, and on the corresponding acid amides.
obsolete isoleucine/valine:sodium symporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (isoleucine or valine)(out) + Na+(out) = (isoleucine or valine)(in) + Na+(in).
obsolete intracellular nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose (a deoxyribonucleotide) within a cell.
obsolete hydrogen-translocating V-type ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out). Found in vacuoles of eukaryotes and in bacteria.
obsolete sodium-translocating V-type ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out). Found in vacuoles of eukaryotes and in bacteria.
A chromosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell.
obsolete heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, alpha-subunit
OBSOLETE. Subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase that contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and possesses GTPase activity.
obsolete heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, beta-subunit
OBSOLETE. Subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase; associates tightly with the gamma subunit.
obsolete heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, gamma-subunit
OBSOLETE. Smallest subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase; associates tightly with the beta subunit.
The division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.
OBSOLETE. A generic term for parts of cells prepared by disruptive biochemical techniques.
Binding to a peroxisomal targeting sequence, a sequence of amino acids within a protein that acts as a signal for the localization of a protein into the peroxisome.
Enables the energy independent passage of toxins, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane towards the outside of the cell. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found only in bacterial cell walls and consisting of strands of glycosaminoglycan cross-linked by oligopeptides to form a huge and rigid network.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
multicellular organismal polysaccharide catabolic process
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the mitochondrial membrane-associated F0 proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core.
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, peripheral stalk
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic sector F(1)
The catalytic sector of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, F1 sector
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1)
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)
All non-F1 subunits of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral mitochondrial inner membrane proteins.
[cytochrome c]-lysine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytochrome c L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cytochrome c N6-methyl-L-lysine. This is the addition of a methyl group to the N6 atom of a lysine residue in cytochrome c.
cytochrome c (lysine) methyltransferase activity
cytochrome c-lysine N-methyltransferase activity
cytochrome c-specific protein-lysine methyltransferase activity
cytochrome c-specific protein methylase III activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:cytochrome c-L-lysine 6-N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:cytochrome c-L-lysine N6-methyltransferase activity
Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.
A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei.
A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
The specification of the site where a daughter cell will form, in organisms that reproduce by budding. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
bud site selection/establishment of cell polarity
1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate 5-phosphotransferase activity
phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase activity
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + H2O + NAD+ = pyruvate + NH3 + NADH + H+.
L-alanine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
NAD-dependent alanine dehydrogenase activity
NADH-dependent alanine dehydrogenase activity
NAD-linked alanine dehydrogenase activity
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
A major pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of ordered steps that includes poly(A) tail shortening and that can regulate mRNA stability.
mRNA breakdown, deadenylation-dependent decay
mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent
mRNA catabolic process, deadenylylation-dependent
mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-dependent
mRNA catabolism, deadenylylation-dependent
mRNA degradation, deadenylation-dependent decay
nuclear mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
Shortening of the poly(A) tail of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.
deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA
Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear mRNA triggered by shortening of the poly(A) tail to below a minimum functional length.
deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear mRNA
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 5'-cap or the 3'-poly(A) tail.
nuclear mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fragment of RNA, such as excised introns or sequences removed from ribosomal RNA during processing.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + electron donor -> 2 Fe3+-siderophore + electron acceptor.
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, RNase MRP-dependent
A minor MRP-dependent nuclear-transcribed mRNA degradation pathway that begins with an endonucleolytic cleavage to generate unprotected ends.
nuclear mRNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent decay
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent decay
adenine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of adenine nucleotides (AMP, ADP, and ATP) from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of spermine, N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, a polyamine formed by the transfer of a propylamine group from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to spermidine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
spermine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of spermine from one side of a membrane to the other. Spermine is a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses, which is involved in nucleic acid packaging. Synthesis is regulated by ornithine decarboxylase which plays a key role in control of DNA replication.
Catalysis of the reaction: polyphosphate + n H2O = (n+1) oligophosphate. The product contains 4 or 5 phosphate residues.
polyphosphate polyphosphohydrolase activity
obsolete integral to membrane of membrane fraction
OBSOLETE. Integral to that fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that includes the plasma and other membranes; require detergents, such as Triton X-100, to be released from membranes.
obsolete peripheral to membrane of membrane fraction
OBSOLETE. Peripheral to that fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that includes the plasma and other membranes; can be extracted from membrane fraction with high concentrations of salt or high pH.
retrograde transport, vesicle recycling within Golgi
The retrograde movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by COP I vesicles. Cis-Golgi vesicles are constantly moving forward through the Golgi stack by cisternal progression, eventually becoming trans-Golgi vesicles. They then selectively transport membrane and luminal proteins from the trans- to the medial-Golgi while leaving others behind in the trans-Golgi cisternae; similarly, they selectively move proteins from the medial- to the cis-Golgi.
retrograde (vesicle recycling within Golgi) transport
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.
response to reactive oxygen intermediate
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion.
obsolete extrinsic component of vacuolar membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of a vacuolar membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are enzyme complexes that contain a kinase catalytic subunit associated with a regulatory cyclin partner.
cytoplasmic cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the cytoplasm.
nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nicotinamide nucleotide = diphosphate + NAD+.
adenosine triphosphate-nicotinamide mononucleotide transadenylase activity
ATP:nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
diphosphopyridine nucleotide pyrophosphorylase activity
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pyrophosphorylase activity
nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + xanthine = (9-D-ribosylxanthine)-5'-phosphate + diphosphate.
5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose-1-diphosphate:xanthine phospho-D-ribosyltransferase activity
xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
xanthosine 5'-phosphate pyrophosphorylase activity
XMP:diphosphate 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase activity
The larger of the two subunits of a plastid ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
The smaller of the two subunits of a plastid ribosome.
A ribosome contained within a subcellular membrane-bounded organelle.
The smaller of the two subunits of an organellar ribosome.
The larger of the two subunits of an organellar ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
The directed movement of sulfite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
sulfite transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of sulfite ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by cells that were in a quiescent or other non-dividing state.
re-entry into mitotic cell cycle after pheromone arrest
The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by pheromone-arrested cells that have not mated. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
A vacuole that functions primarily in the storage of materials, including nutrients, pigments, waste products, and small molecules.
A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases.
A vacuole that has both lytic and storage functions. The fungal vacuole is a large, membrane-bounded organelle that functions as a reservoir for the storage of small molecules (including polyphosphate, amino acids, several divalent cations (e.g. calcium), other ions, and other small molecules) as well as being the primary compartment for degradation. It is an acidic compartment, containing an ensemble of acid hydrolases. At least in S. cerevisiae, there are indications that the morphology of the vacuole is variable and correlated with the cell cycle, with logarithmically growing cells having a multilobed, reticulated vacuole, while stationary phase cells contain a single large structure.
vacuole, cell cycle-correlated morphology
A closed structure that is completely surrounded by a unit membrane, contains liquid, and retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. An example of this structure is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
vacuole, cell cycle-independent morphology
A storage vacuole that contains a lytic vacuole; identified in plants.
lytic vacuole within protein storage vacuole
A membrane-bounded compartment containing crystals of phytic acid and proteins characteristic of a lytic vacuole, found within a storage vacuole.
The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole, the shape of which correlates with cell cycle phase. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
lumen of vacuole with cell cycle-correlated morphology
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vacuole, the shape of which correlates with cell cycle phase. The membrane separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
membrane of vacuole with cell cycle-correlated morphology
The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole that retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
lumen of vacuole with cell cycle-independent morphology
A specialized vacuole of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores. One of its functions is osmoregulatory.
template for synthesis of G-rich strand of telomere DNA activity
Provision of the template used by reverse transcriptase to synthesize the G-rich strand of telomeric DNA.
The minimal catalytic core of telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition.
3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + O2 = cis,cis-2-amino-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H+.
3-hydroxyanthranilate:oxygen 3,4-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
3-hydroxyanthranilate oxygenase activity
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid dioxygenase activity
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxygenase activity
obsolete negative regulation of transposition, DNA-mediated
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA transposition.
obsolete positive regulation of transposition, DNA-mediated
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA transposition.
obsolete regulation of transposition, DNA-mediated
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA transposition, the process of transposing (moving to a different location) a segment of a chromosome or a piece of a DNA molecule.
The removal of a ubiquitin-like protein of the NEDD8 type from a protein.
Binding to a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an RNA molecule.
Binding to a 7-methylguanosine group added cotranscriptionally to the 5' end of RNA molecules transcribed by polymerase II.
Binding to the trimethylguanosine (m(3)(2,2,7)-GTP) group located at the 5' end of some RNA molecules. Such trimethylated cap structures, generally produced by posttranscriptional modification of a 7-methylguanosine cap, are often found on snRNAs and snoRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II, but have also be found on snRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III. They have also been found on a subset of the mRNA population in some species, e.g. C. elegans.
Binding to a hypermethylated cap structure consisting of 7-methylguanosine (m(7)G) followed by four methylated nucleotides (cap 4): 7-methylguanosine-ppp-N6, N6, 2'-O-trimethyladenosine-p-2'-O-methyladenosine-p-2'-O-methylcytosine-p-N3, 2'-O-dimethyluridine Such caps are known to be found at the 5' ends of SL RNAs of trypanosomatid protozoa.
plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex A
A plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex that resembles eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases, with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition. PEP-A is generated from the PEP-B form during chloroplast maturation to generate a complex composed of at least thirteen polypeptides that is not sensitive to the antibiotic rifampicin, like its precursor form the PEP-B complex.
plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex B
A plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex that resembles eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition. PEP-B is distinguished from PEP-A by its sensitivity to the antibiotic rifampicin. PEP-B is found in both etioplasts and chloroplasts, but is the predominate form in etioplasts. It forms the core of the PEP-A form; the conversion from PEP-B to PEP-A occurs during chloroplast maturation.
cytosolic DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
The eubacterial DNA-directed RNA polymerase is a multisubunit complex with a core composed of the essential subunits beta-prime, beta, and two copies of alpha and a fifth nonessential subunit called omega. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition and specificity.
The transcription export (TREX) complex couples transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II to mRNA export. The complex associates with the polymerase and travels with it along the length of the transcribed gene. TREX is composed of the THO transcription elongation complex as well as other proteins that couple THO to mRNA export proteins. The TREX complex is known to be found in a wide range of eukaryotes, including S. cerevisiae and metazoans.
The THO complex is a nuclear complex that is required for transcription elongation through genes containing tandemly repeated DNA sequences. The THO complex is also part of the TREX (TRanscription EXport) complex that is involved in coupling transcription to export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1p, Tho2p, Thp1p, and Mft1p, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.
Recognition of the pre-mRNA branch site sequence by components of the assembling spliceosome.
U12-type nuclear mRNA branch site recognition
U2-type nuclear mRNA branch site recognition
generation of catalytic spliceosome for first transesterification step
Formation of a catalytic spliceosome complex ready to perform the first splicing reaction. This occurs by an ATP-dependent conformational change of the pre-catalytic spliceosome.
catalytic spliceosome assembly for first transesterification step
formation of catalytic spliceosome for first transesterification step
U12-type catalytic spliceosome formation for first transesterification step
U2-type catalytic spliceosome formation for first transesterification step
generation of catalytic spliceosome for second transesterification step
Conformational rearrangement of the spliceosomal complex containing the RNA products from the 1st step of splicing to form the catalytic site for the second step of splicing.
catalytic spliceosome assembly for second transesterification step
formation of catalytic spliceosome for second transesterification step
formation of catalytic U12-type spliceosome for second transesterification step
formation of catalytic U2-type spliceosome for second transesterification step
lariat formation, 5'-splice site cleavage
trans assembly of SL-containing precatalytic spliceosome
Assembly of a spliceosomal complex containing the SL RNA and the pre-mRNA to be joined, as well as all the spliceosomal snRNPs involved in trans leader splicing. Formation of the trans leader spliceosome brings together the quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and the complex of the U2 snRNP with the splice site of the pre-mRNA.
trans assembly of spliced leader-containing precatalytic spliceosome
formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP
Formation of a quadruple snRNP complex composed of the spliced leader (SL) RNA along with the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex. Interactions that may facilitate this include a duplex between the SL and U6 RNAs and interactions between the U5 RNA and the exon sequence at the 5' splice site within the SL RNA.
cis assembly of pre-catalytic spliceosome
Assembly of a spliceosomal complex containing the intact pre-mRNA and all of the spliceosomal snRNPs. This occurs when the tri-snRNP associates with the pre-mRNA and associated snRNPs in an ATP-dependent manner.
cis assembly of U12-type pre-catalytic spliceosome
cis assembly of U2-type pre-catalytic spliceosome
obsolete first U2-type spliceosomal transesterification activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the first transesterification reaction of U2-type spliceosomal mRNA splicing. The intron branch site adenosine is the nucleophile attacking the 5' splice site, resulting in cleavage at this position. In cis splicing, this is the step that forms a lariat structure of the intron RNA, which is still joined to the 3' exon. The catalytic site is thought to be formed by U6 and/or U2 snRNA, and/or associated proteins.
obsolete first U12-type spliceosomal transesterification activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the first transesterification reaction of U12-type spliceosomal mRNA splicing. The intron branch site adenosine is the nucleophile attacking the 5' splice site, resulting in cleavage at this position. In cis splicing, this is the step that forms a lariat structure of the intron RNA, which is still joined to the 3' exon. The catalytic site is thought to be formed by U6atac snRNA and/or U2atac snRNA, and/or associated proteins.
obsolete second U2-type spliceosomal transesterification activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the second transesterification reaction of U2-type spliceosomal mRNA splicing. Ligation of the two exons occurs via a transesterification reaction where the free 3'-hydroxyl group of the 5' exon is the nucleophile attacking the 3' splice site. Non-expressed sequences are now detached from the exons. In cis splicing, the intron is in a lariat structure. The catalytic site is thought to be formed by U6 and/or U2 snRNAs and/or associated proteins.
The joining together of exons from two different primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.
nuclear mRNA trans splicing, via spliceosome
nuclear mRNA trans splicing, via U2-type spliceosome
The joining together of two independently transcribed RNAs from two different genes, each of which also produces mRNA(s) via cis-splicing.
obsolete second U12-type spliceosomal transesterification activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the second transesterification reaction of U12-type spliceosomal mRNA splicing. Ligation of the two exons occurs via a transesterification reaction where the free 3'-hydroxyl group of the 5' exon is the nucleophile attacking the 3' splice site. Non-expressed sequences are now detached from the exons. In cis splicing, the intron is in a lariat structure. The catalytic site is thought to be formed by U6 and/or U2 snRNAs and/or associated proteins.
The splicing of Group I introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group I introns and involved in determining the locations of the splice sites (there do not appear to be consensus splice site sequences) as well as having a role in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions, generally with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a linear piece (though it may subsequently circularize).
The splicing of Group II introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group II introns and containing splice site consensus sequences, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions (mechanistically similar to those for splicing of nuclear mRNAs) initiated by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat.
The splicing of Group III introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group III introns, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions begun by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat. Though very similar in structure and mechanism to Group II introns, Group III introns are smaller and more streamlined and the splice site consensus sequences are not as well conserved.
RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions
Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions.
RNA splicing factor activity, transesterification mechanism
RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with guanosine as nucleophile
Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile.
RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with bulged adenosine as nucleophile
Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with a bulged adenosine residue from the intron branch point as the initiating nucleophile. When the initial RNA for the splicing reaction is a single molecule (cis splicing), the excised intron is released in a lariat structure.
The RNA metabolic process that joins two exons, each of which has free ends that were generated by endonucleolytic cleavages, by a ligation reaction.
tRNA-type intron splice site recognition and cleavage
RNA processing that begins when the tertiary structure of a tRNA type intron is recognized, and ends when the endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA at both the 5' and 3' splice sites occurs.
alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition.
alternative nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alternative splicing of nuclear mRNAs.
regulation of alternative nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
first spliceosomal transesterification activity
Catalysis of the first transesterification reaction of spliceosomal mRNA splicing. The intron branch site adenosine is the nucleophile attacking the 5' splice site, resulting in cleavage at this position. In cis splicing, this is the step that forms a lariat structure of the intron RNA, while it is still joined to the 3' exon.
second spliceosomal transesterification activity
Catalysis of the second transesterification reaction of spliceosomal mRNA splicing. Ligation of the two exons occurs via a transesterification reaction where the free 3'-hydroxyl group of the 5' exon is the nucleophile attacking the 3' splice site. Non-expressed sequences are now detached from the exons. In cis splicing, the intron is in a lariat structure.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of one or more snRNA and multiple protein components to form a ribonucleoprotein complex that is involved in formation of the spliceosome.
spliceosome conformational change to release U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11)
Rearrangement of the pre-catalytic spliceosome containing U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11) snRNPs to unpair U4 (or U4atac) from U6 (or U6atac) and release it from the spliceosomal complex along with U1 (or U11).
U12-type spliceosome conformational change to release U4atac and U11
U2-type spliceosome conformational change to release U4 and U1
Recognition of the intron 3'-splice site by components of the assembling U2- or U12-type spliceosome.
U12-type nuclear mRNA 3'-splice site recognition
U2-type nuclear mRNA 3'-splice site recognition
Disassembly of a spliceosomal complex with the ATP-dependent release of the product RNAs, one of which is composed of the joined exons. In cis splicing, the other product is the excised sequence, often a single intron, in a lariat structure.
spliceosomal conformational changes to generate catalytic conformation
Structural rearrangements of the spliceosome complex, containing RNA to be spliced, to generate a catalytic conformation.
RNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation
Splicing of RNA via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.
Recognition of the intron 5'-splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome.
spliceosomal commitment complex biosynthesis
spliceosomal commitment complex formation
U12-type nuclear mRNA 5' splice site recognition
U12-type nuclear mRNA 5'-splice site recognition
U2-type nuclear mRNA 5' splice site recognition
U2-type nuclear mRNA 5'-splice site recognition
The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.
nuclear mRNA splicing via U12-type spliceosome
nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
Any of a series of septin structures that are localized in the bud neck of a budding fungal cell during the cell cycle.
Binding to a DNA segment containing four-way junctions, also known as Holliday junctions, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices.
Binding to a DNA segment containing the open form of a four-way junction, also known as a Holliday junction, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. The open form of a four-way junction can be diagrammed without any of the strands crossing over.
crossed form four-way junction DNA binding
Binding to a DNA segment containing the crossed form of a four-way junction, also known as a Holliday junction, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. The crossed form of a four-way junction cannot be diagrammed without any of the strands crossing over, and instead contains a single crossover between two of the strands.
Binding to a DNA segment shaped like a Y. This shape occurs when DNA contains a region of paired double-stranded DNA on one end and a region of unpaired DNA strands on the opposite end.
Binding to a DNA segment containing a loop. A loop occurs when DNA contains a large insertion or deletion that causes a region of unpaired single-stranded DNA to loop out, while the rest of the DNA is in a paired double-stranded configuration.
Binding to DNA segment that contains a bubble. A bubble occurs when DNA contains a region of unpaired, single-stranded DNA flanked on both sides by regions of paired, double-stranded DNA.
double-strand/single-strand DNA junction binding
Binding to a DNA segment that contains double-stranded DNA flanked by a region of single-stranded DNA.
Punctate structures proximal to the endoplasmic reticulum which are the sites where the Atg machinery assembles upon autophagy induction.
A protein complex involved in t6A tRNA modification. For example, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex contains Bud32p, Kae1p, Gon7p, Cgi121p, and Pcc1p.
endopeptidase-like kinase chromatin-associated protein complex
kinase, putative endopeptidase and other proteins of small size protein complex
regulation of transcription by galactose
Any process involving galactose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription.
carbon catabolite repression of transcription by galactose
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of galactose that leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.
downregulation of transcription by galactose
down regulation of transcription by galactose
down-regulation of transcription by galactose
inhibition of transcription by galactose
positive regulation of transcription by galactose
Any process involving galactose that activates or increases the rate of transcription.
activation of transcription by galactose
stimulation of transcription by galactose
upregulation of transcription by galactose
up regulation of transcription by galactose
up-regulation of transcription by galactose
The modification of a histone by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue.
The modification of a protein by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue.
obsolete regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 36 of histone H3.
obsolete negative regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 36 of histone H3.
obsolete positive regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 36 of histone H3.
A protein complex proposed to be involved in replication-independent nucleosome assembly, by promoting histone deposition onto DNA. For example, in Saccharomyces, the complex contains Hir1p, Hir2p, Hir3p, and Hpc2p.
RNA polymerase IV is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Pol IV is composed of subunits that are paralogous or identical to the 12 subunits of Pol II. The largest and second-largest subunits of Pol IV are the catalytic subunits and share similarity with the corresponding subunits of other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The second largest subunit is also found in RNA polymerase V, while the largest subunit is found only in RNAP IV complex.
RNA polymerase V is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Pol V is composed of subunits that are paralogous or identical to the 12 subunits of Pol II. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The second largest subunit is also found in RNA polymerase IVa, while the largest subunit is found only in the IVa complex and contains an extended C-terminal domain (CTD) that includes multiple repeats of a 16 amino-acid consensus sequence as well as other sequences. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an autophagosome, a double-membrane-bounded vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is sequestered.
The autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to a type of vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.
The selective autophagy process in which a mitochondrion is degraded by macroautophagy.
Degradation of a mitochondrion by lysosomal microautophagy.
The selective autophagy process in which a peroxisome is degraded by macroautophagy.
Degradation of a peroxisome by lysosomal microautophagy.
plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex
An RNA polymerase complex containing polypeptides encoded by the plastid genome. Plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerases resemble eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases, with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. Some forms contain multiple additional subunits. An additional sigma factor subunit is required for promoter recognition.
A protein complex that possesses DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.
carbon catabolite regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
Any process involving galactose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
Any process involving glucose that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
carbon catabolite repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of glucose leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.
downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
carbon catabolite repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
Any process involving galactose that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
Any process involving galactose that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
carbon catabolite activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
Any process involving carbon catabolites that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
carbon catabolite repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
core TFIIH complex portion of holo TFIIH complex
The core TFIIH complex when it is part of the general transcription factor TFIIH.
SSL2-core TFIIH complex portion of holo TFIIH complex
The 7 subunit core of TFIIH that is a part of either the general transcription factor holo-TFIIH or the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex. In S. cerevisiae/humans the complex is composed of: Ssl2/XPB, Tfb1/p62, Tfb2/p52, Ssl1/p44, Tfb4/p34, Tfb5/p8 and Rad3/XPD.
core TFIIH complex portion of NEF3 complex
The core TFIIH complex when it is part of the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 (NEF3).
SSL2-core TFIIH complex portion of NEF3 complex
A multiprotein kinetochore subcomplex that binds to centromeric chromatin and forms part of the inner kinetochore. It helps to recruit outer kinetochore subunits that will bind to microtubules. In humans, it consists of MIS12, DSN1, NSL1 and PMF1.
Mtw1p Including Nnf1p-Nsl1p-Dsn1p complex
THO complex part of transcription export complex
The THO complex when it is part of the TREX (TRanscription EXport) complex that is involved in coupling transcription to export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp1, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.
The THO complex when it is acting as a nuclear complex that is required for transcription elongation through genes containing tandemly repeated DNA sequences. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp2, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.
endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 to separate SSU-rRNA from 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavage between the SSU-rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
cleavage in ITS2 between 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS2 between the 5.8S rRNA and the LSU-rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
cleavage in ITS2 of tricistronic rRNA transcript to separate 5.8S and LSU rRNAs (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)
Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. For example, primary ribosomal RNA transcripts containing three genes, in this order, are produced in E. coli and other prokaryotic species. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
cleavage of bicistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-rRNAs originally produced as a bicistronic rRNA transcript that contains the SSU-rRNA and the LSU-rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with two genes in this order are produced in Archaeal species.
The addition of a methyl group to the 2'-oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis.
The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to the 2'-oxygen atom of nucleotide residues in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of methylation.
snoRNA guided rRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation
obsolete enzyme-directed rRNA 2'-O-methylation
OBSOLETE. The addition of methyl groups to the 2'-oxygen atom of nucleotide residues in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis where the methylase specifies the site that becomes methylated without using a guide RNA.
snoRNA guided rRNA pseudouridine synthesis
The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of pseudouridylation.
enzyme-directed rRNA pseudouridine synthesis
The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine during ribosome biogenesis where the enzyme specifies the site that becomes pseudouridylated without using a guide RNA.
obsolete dimethylation involved in SSU-rRNA maturation
OBSOLETE. Dimethylation of the N6 amino groups of two consecutive adenosine residues near the 3'-end of the SSU rRNA. This process has been conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes.
endonucleolytic cleavage between SSU-rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)
Endonucleolytic cleavage to separate a pre-SSU-rRNA from a pre-LSU-rRNA originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
endonucleolytic cleavage between LSU-rRNA and 5S rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)
Endonucleolytic cleavage to separate a pre-LSU-rRNA from a pre-5S rRNA originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
exonucleolytic trimming involved in rRNA processing
Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule in the process to generate a mature rRNA molecule.
exonucleolytic trimming during rRNA processing
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule.
endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 3'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavage at the 3'-end of the SSU-rRNA from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA.
maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 upstream of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavage within Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) upstream of the 5.8S rRNA derived from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, this endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS1 initiates the maturation of the LSU and the 5.8S rRNAs.
exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 5'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 5'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Any process involved in the maturation of an rRNA molecule originally produced as part of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 3'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 3'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
generation of mature 3'-end of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Any process involved in generating the mature 3'-end of an LSU-rRNA derived from a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
Any phosphodiester bond hydrolysis involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into a mature rRNA molecule.
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule.
endonucleolytic cleavage in 3'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-ETS of the pre-RNA, which may occur cotranscriptionally, is the first step in rRNA processing, and initiates a cascade of subsequent processing and modification events.
endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 5'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (5'-ETS) and the 5' end of the SSU-rRNA of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA.
maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 2S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 2S rRNA molecule.
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 4.5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 4.5S rRNA molecule.
generation of mature 5'-end of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Cleavage within ITS2 to generate the mature 5'-end of an LSU-rRNA derived from a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
endonucleolytic cleavage involved in rRNA processing
Any endonucleolytic cleavage involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into a mature rRNA molecule. Some endonucleolytic cleavages produce the mature end, while others are a step in the process of generating the mature end from the pre-rRNA.
endonucleolytic cleavage during rRNA processing
endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with three genes, in this order, are produced in the nuclei of many eukaryotic species, including S. cerevisiae.
endonucleolytic cleavage in 5'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-ETS of the pre-RNA is conserved as one of the early steps of rRNA processing in all eukaryotes, but the specific position of cleavage is variable.
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule.
maturation of 5S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
endonucleolytic cleavage of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with four genes, in this order, are produced in the nuclei of D. melanogaster as well as in those of other dipteran species.
cleavage between SSU-rRNA and 5.8S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavage between the SSU-rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
cleavage between 2S rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavage between the LSU-rRNA and the 2S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
cleavage between 5.8S rRNA and 2S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5.8S rRNA and the 2S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 8.8S rRNA, the 2S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a snoRNA to form a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a box C/D snoRNA to form a box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.
box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a box H/ACA snoRNA to form a box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.
box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex assembly
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a box C/D RNA molecule.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a box H/ACA RNA molecule.
Binding to nucleic acid via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target DNA molecule.
RNA polymerase I upstream activating factor complex
A complex required for the transcription of rDNA by RNA polymerase I. In yeast the complex consists of Rrrn5p, Rrn9p, Rrn10p, histones H3 and H4, and Uaf30p.
RNA polymerase I upstream activation factor complex
A large multisubunit complex which catalyzes protein degradation, found in eukaryotes, archaea and some bacteria. In eukaryotes, this complex consists of the barrel shaped proteasome core complex and one or two associated proteins or complexes that act in regulating entry into or exit from the core.
obsolete proteasome regulatory particle (sensu Bacteria)
OBSOLETE. A multisubunit complex that recognizes and unfolds ubiquitinated proteins, and translocates them to the core complex in an ATP dependent manner. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
glycosylphosphatidylinositol-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT) complex
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to an acceptor phosphatidylinositol, the first step in the production of GPI anchors for cell surface proteins. The complex contains PIG-A, PIG-C, PIG-H, PIG-Q, PIG-P, and DPM2 in human, and Eri1p, Gpi1p, Gpi2p, Gpi15p, Gpi19p, and Spt14p in budding yeast.
GPI-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase complex
H3-H4 histone complex chaperone activity
A histone chaperone that carries a H3-H4 histone complex.
H3.1-H4 histone complex chaperone activity
H3.2-H4 histone complex chaperone activity
H3.3-H4 histone complex chaperone activity
H2A-H2B histone complex chaperone activity
A histone chaperone that carries a H2A-H2B histone complex.
lncRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing
A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway in which regulatory long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) elicit silencing of specific target genes, often miRNAs or mRNAs.
Binds to and increases the activity of a actin severing protein.
3-sulfino-L-alanine: proton, glutamate antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 3-sulfino-L-alanine (cysteinesulfinate) (out) + H+(in) + L-glutamate(in) = 3-sulfino-L-alanine(in) + H+(out) + L-glutamate(out).
aspartate:glutamate, proton antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamate(out) = H+(in) + L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamate(in).
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point in an embryo.
mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of single bases present in mismatches by the cleavage the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site.
purine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of purines present in mismatches, especially opposite oxidized purines, by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic (AP) site.
A/G-specific adenine DNA glycosylase activity
oxidized base lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of oxidized bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site.
oxidized pyrimidine nucleobase lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the removal oxidized pyrimidine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction involves formation of a covalent enzyme-pyrimidine base intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apyrimidinic (AP) site.
oxidized pyrimidine base lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity
pyrimidine-specific oxidized base lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity
pyrimidine dimer DNA N-glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of pyrimidine dimers by removing the 5' pyrimidine of the dimer by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the 5' pyrimidine of the dimer and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases the 5' pyrimidine of the dimer and leaves an apurinic (AP) site. The reaction involves the formation of a covalent enzyme substrate intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apyrimidinic (AP) site.
The first division of meiosis in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, occurring in the constitutive absence of chiasmata.
meiotic DNA double-strand break processing
The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs. This takes place during meiosis.
During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.
The cell cycle process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules. This occurs during meiosis.
The conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination. These joint molecules contain Holliday junctions on either side of heteroduplex DNA.
A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules. Correction of the mismatch can result in non-Mendelian segregation of alleles following meiosis.
During meiosis, the synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template.
resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates
The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, formed during meiotic recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.
resolution of meiotic joint molecules as recombinants
During meiosis, the formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.
The cell cycle process in which the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA is rejected. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules. This occurs during meiosis.
nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition
The identification of lesions in DNA, such as pyrimidine-dimers, intrastrand cross-links, and bulky adducts. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix.
pyrimidine-dimer repair, DNA damage recognition
transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition
The identification of lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex as well as a small subset of lesions not recognized by the general nucleotide-excision repair pathway.
nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding
The unwinding, or local denaturation, of the DNA duplex to create a bubble around the site of the DNA damage.
nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage removal
The removal of the oligonucleotide that contains the DNA damage. The oligonucleotide is formed by dual incisions that flank the site of DNA damage.
The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers by directly reversing the damage to restore the original pyrimidines.
pyrimidine dimer repair by nucleotide-excision repair
The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T, and C-C dimers by the recognition and removal of the damaged DNA strand from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.
Catalysis of the reversible reaction: (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD+ = (R)-acetoin + NADH + H+.
(R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase activity
1-amino-2-propanol dehydrogenase activity
1-amino-2-propanol oxidoreductase activity
D-1-amino-2-propanol:NAD(2) oxidoreductase activity
D-1-amino-2-propanol dehydrogenase activity
Any recombinational process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length.
telomerase-independent telomere maintenance
Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences.
double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.
A DNA repair process that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region.
OBSOLETE. A DNA repair process in which that does not require the exchange of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region.
double-strand break repair via break-induced replication
The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the centromere-proximal end of a broken chromosome searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template, and progresses to the end of the chromosome.
The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.
Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end and uses the homologous intact duplex as the template.
The rejection of the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules.
OBSOLETE. The identification and annealing of complementary base pairs in single-strand DNA.
The removal of nonhomologous sequences at the broken 3' single-strand DNA end before DNA repair synthesis can occur.
double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing, removal of nonhomologous ends
During DSBR via single-strand annealing, the removal of nonhomologous sequences at the broken 3' single-strand DNA end before DNA repair synthesis can occur.
obsolete DNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of DNA, involving the hydrolysis of internal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of deoxyribonucleotides.
obsolete DNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of DNA, involving the hydrolysis of terminal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of deoxyribonucleotides.
OBSOLETE. Facilitates the base-pairing of complementary single-stranded DNA.
The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus.
The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei.
karyogamy involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after cytogamy.
karyogamy during conjugation with cellular fusion
nuclear migration involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
The microtubule-based movement of nuclei towards one another as a prelude to karyogamy in organisms undergoing conjugation with cellular fusion.
nuclear migration during conjugation with cellular fusion
karyogamy involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from two nuclei as a result of fusing the nuclear envelopes that surround each nuclei. This takes place following the mutual exchange of one of the two nuclei produced by the mitosis that follows the second meiotic nuclear division. This occurs in ciliated protozoans such as Tetrahymena.
karyogamy involved in conjugation without cellular fusion
nuclear migration involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
The net movement of nuclei towards one another, leading to the bilateral transfer of genetic material in organisms undergoing conjugation without cellular fusion.
nuclear exchange during conjugation without cellular fusion
nuclear migration involved in conjugation without cellular fusion
OBSOLETE. The union or introduction of genetic information from compatible mating types that results in a genetically different individual. Conjugation requires direct cellular contact between the organisms.
A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
A conjugation process that results in the mutual exchange and union of only genetic information between compatible mating types. Conjugation without cellular fusion requires direct cellular contact between the organisms without plasma membrane fusion. The organisms involved in conjugation without cellular fusion separate after nuclear exchange.
response to pheromone triggering conjugation with cellular fusion
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that positively regulates the process of conjugation with cellular fusion. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
response to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion
pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
A signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
mitotic cell cycle G1 arrest in response to pheromone
The cell cycle regulatory process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G1 as a result of a pheromone stimulus. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
cell cycle arrest in response to pheromone
agglutination involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions during conjugation with cellular fusion of a unicellular organism. An example of this process is agglutination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
cell-cell adhesion during conjugation with cellular fusion
cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo conjugation cellular fusion.
adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
In organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses. An example of this is the adaptation to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
adaptation of signalling pathway by response to pheromone involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
adaptation to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion
desensitization to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion
During conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in creating a single cell from complementary mating types. The localized remodeling and dissolution of external protective structures allow the fusion of the plasma membranes and cytoplasmic mixing. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
response to pheromone regulating conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus regulating the process of conjugation without cellular fusion.
response to pheromone triggering conjugation without cellular fusion
obsolete signal transduction involved in regulation of conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
OBSOLETE. A signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation without cellular fusion.
agglutination involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions during conjugation without cellular fusion of a unicellular organism.
agglutination involved in conjugation without cellular fusion
obsolete cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
OBSOLETE. The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo conjugation without cellular fusion.
adaptation to pheromone regulating conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
In organisms that undergo conjugation without cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.
adaptation to pheromone involved conjugation without cellular fusion
desensitization to pheromone during conjugation without cellular fusion
During conjugation without cellular fusion, the process that results in pairing complementary mating types. Localized morphological, cytological, and cytoskeletal changes connect the mating types without cytoplasmic mixing.
pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
Unidirectional transfer of genetic information triggered by to a pheromone signal.
obsolete cell morphogenesis involved in unidirectional conjugation
OBSOLETE. The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo unidirectional conjugation.
obsolete cellular morphogenesis involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
OBSOLETE. The change in form (cell shape and size) that contributes to sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.
response to pheromone regulating pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that regulates the process of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.
response to pheromone during pheromone-induced unidirectional
negative adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
In organisms that undergo pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation, the process involved in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that acts to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.
adaptation to pheromone during pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
desensitization to pheromone during pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
negative adaptation of signalling pathway by response to pheromone involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
obsolete cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation
OBSOLETE. The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types.
syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion
The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
syncytium formation by mitosis without cytokinesis
The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by one or more rounds of nuclear division without cytokinesis.
syncytium formation by mitosis without cell division
The directed movement of a peptide pheromone out of a cell by a secretion or export pathway used solely for the export of peptide pheromones.
obsolete agglutination involved in conjugation
OBSOLETE. The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions prior to the formation of irreversible cellular contacts during conjugation.
The activity of binding to and activating specific cell surface receptors, thereby inducing a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell that leads to the transfer or union of genetic material between organisms or cells. The mating pheromone can either be retained on the cell surface or secreted.
phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine.
phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase I
phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine methyltransferase activity
phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine methyltransferase activity
phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity
adenyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Binds to and stimulates the hydrolysis and exchange of adenyl nucleotides by other proteins.
The region of a chromosome that includes the centromeric DNA and associated proteins. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.
A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore
condensed chromosome, centromeric region
The region of a condensed chromosome that includes the centromere and associated proteins, including the kinetochore. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.
condensed chromosome, pericentric region
condensed nuclear chromosome, centromeric region
The end of a linear chromosome, required for the integrity and maintenance of the end. A chromosome telomere usually includes a region of telomerase-encoded repeats the length of which rarely exceeds 20 bp each and that permits the formation of a telomeric loop (T-loop). The telomeric repeat region is usually preceded by a sub-telomeric region that is gene-poor but rich in repetitive elements. Some telomeres only consist of the latter part (for eg. D. melanogaster telomeres).
A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.
A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.
The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome.
A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.
A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin that is in a transcription-competent conformation.
A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin that is refractory to transcription.
A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure.
A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct nuclear chromosome.
A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. It consists of 2 lateral elements and a central element, all running parallel to each other. Transverse filaments connect the lateral elements to the central element.
A multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in chromosome condensation in meiosis and mitosis.
A proteinaceous core found between sister chromatids during meiotic prophase.
A structural unit of the synaptonemal complex found between the lateral elements.
A structural unit of the synaptonemal complex that spans the regions between the lateral elements and connects them.
A chromosome involved in sex determination.
The sex chromosome present in females of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the Z chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The W chromosome is absent from the cells of males and present in one copy in the somatic cells of females.
The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the X chromosome are present in each somatic cell of females and one copy is present in males.
The sex chromosome present in males of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the X chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The Y chromosome is absent from the cells of females and present in one copy in the somatic cells of males.
The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the Z chromosome are present in each somatic cell of males and one copy is present in females.
A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome.
origin of replication recognition complex
cytoplasmic origin of replication recognition complex
A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the cytoplasm.
diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-diphosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + phosphate.
diacylglycerol pyrophosphate phosphatase activity
A heterotetrameric protein complex that associates with replication origins, where it is required for the initiation of DNA replication, and with replication forks.
A multisubunit protein complex that is involved in chromatin remodeling. It is required for the incorporation of the histone variant H2AZ into chromatin. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains Swr1p, a Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase, and 12 additional subunits.
An endosomal sorting complex required for transport. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and interacts with ubiquitinated cargoes.
endosomal sorting complex required for transport
An endosomal sorting complex required for transport and functions downstream of ESCRT I complex. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and is required for the membrane recruitment of ESCRT III complex and binds to ubiquitinated cargoes.
A complex with membrane scission activity that plays a major role in many processes where membranes are remodelled - including endosomal transport (vesicle budding), nuclear envelope organisation (membrane closure, mitotic bridge cleavage), and cytokinesis (abscission).
A kinetochore multiprotein complex that bridges the subunits that are in contact with centromeric DNA and the subunits bound to microtubules during kinetochore assembly. In yeast, consists of Ctf19p, Okp1p, Mcm21p, and Ame1p.
The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.
regulation of glutamine family amino acid metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.
regulation of glutamine family amino acid metabolism
regulation of arginine metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 6-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + ATP = D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:1D-myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 6-phosphotransferase activity
inositol polyphosphate multikinase activity
inositol trisphosphate 6-kinase activity
inositol tetrakisphosphate 3-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate.
1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate 3-kinase activity
inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate 3-kinase activity
inositol tetrakisphosphate 6-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ADP.
1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate 6-kinase activity
inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 6-kinase activity
obsolete inositol pyrophosphate synthase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the phosphorylation of inositol phosphates which possess diphosphate bonds.
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate is unknown.
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) is unknown.
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate = ADP + bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configurations of the diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) and bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate (bis-PP-IP4) are unknown.
inositol hexakisphosphate 4-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,5,6)pentakisphosphate.
inositol hexakisphosphate 6-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 6-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5)pentakisphosphate.
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate.
ATP:1D-myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate 5-phosphotransferase activity
inositol heptakisphosphate 4-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 4,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,6)tetrakisphosphate.
diphosphoinositol-pentakisphosphate 4-kinase activity
inositol heptakisphosphate 6-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 5,6-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,4)tetrakisphosphate.
A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the ER.
A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal and membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p. In mammals, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase HRD1 (Synoviolin) or AMFR (gp78).
A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates membrane proteins with misfolded cytosolic domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Ssm4p/Doa10p.
A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.
A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.
mRNA regulatory element binding translation repressor activity
Antagonizes the ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide via direct binding (through a selective and non-covalent interaction) to nucleic acid.
translation repressor activity, mRNA regulatory element binding
translation repressor activity, nucleic acid binding
translation repressor activity, non-nucleic acid binding
Antagonizes the ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide but does not bind directly to nucleic acid.
The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized.
obsolete regulation of cell shape during vegetative growth phase
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell during the vegetative growth phase. The vegetative growth phase is the growth phase during which single celled organisms reproduce by budding or other asexual methods.
cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.
sporocarp development involved in asexual reproduction
The formation of a spore-bearing structure by fungus where spores will arise from asexual reproduction.
fruiting body formation involved in asexual reproduction
imperfect stage fruiting body development
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione = 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: sulfonate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = sulfite + aminoacetaldehyde + succinate + CO2.
sulfonate/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + taurine = aminoacetaldehyde + CO2 + succinate + sulfite.
2-aminoethanesulfonate dioxygenase activity
alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent taurine dioxygenase activity
taurine, 2-oxoglutarate:O2 oxidoreductase (sulfite-forming)
sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fruiting body organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruiting body is a spore bearing structure. In fungi, the sporocarp (also known as fruiting body) is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruiting body is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cycle, with the rest of the life cycle being characterized by vegetative mycelial growth. The sporocarp of a basidiomycete is known as a basidiocarp, while the fruiting body of an ascomycete is known as an ascocarp. A significant range of different shapes and morphologies is found in both basidiocarps and ascocarps; these features play an important role in the identification and taxonomy of fungi.
fruiting body development involved in sexual reproduction
fruiting body formation involved in sexual reproduction
The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells.
The process of dividing the cytoplasm of a parent cell where a structure forms in the cytoplasm and grows until reaching the plasma membrane, thereby completely separating the cytoplasms of adjacent progeny cells. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
assembly of actomyosin apparatus involved in cytokinesis
The assembly and arrangement of an apparatus composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis.
actomyosin apparatus assembly involved in cytokinesis
cytokinesis, formation of actomyosin apparatus
formation of actomyosin apparatus involved in cytokinesis
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the preprophase band, a dense band of microtubules that marks the position in the cell where cytokinesis will occur in cells that perform cytokinesis by cell plate formation.
The formation of a structure composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis in cells that perform cytokinesis by cell plate formation. The structure usually contains antiparallel microtubules and membrane (often visible as vesicles).
The process of assembly of a ring composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis.
cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly
cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring formation
cytokinesis, actomyosin ring biosynthesis
myosin filament organisation involved in cytokinetic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
myosin filament organization involved in cytokinetic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
myosin filament organization of constriction ring assembly
myosin filament organization of contractile ring assembly
The process of an actomyosin ring getting smaller in diameter, in the context of cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle.
actomyosin contractile ring constriction
contractile ring contraction involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
cytokinesis, actomyosin ring contraction
cytokinesis, contractile ring contraction
The assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis. The progeny cells that form a division septum are not able to exchange intracellular material.
division septum assembly involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
division septum assembly involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
division septum formation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
division septum formation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
division septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
formation of division septum involved in mitotic cell cycle
septin assembly and septum biosynthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
septin assembly and septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
The process of marking the site where a division septum will form.
selection of site for barrier cell septum biosynthesis
selection of site for barrier cell septum formation
selection of site for division septum formation
The process of assembly, maturation, and growth of the cell plate to the cell periphery in cells that divide by cell plate formation; often involves deposition of cell wall material in and around the phragmoplast.
The process of physically separating the septal cell wall material by enzymatic digestion, that occurs after daughter cells are separated by cytokinesis.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form an organized structure resembling a ring at the cell cortex.
Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.
equatorial microtubule organizing center
A microtubule organizing center formed by a band of gamma-tubulin that is recruited to a circumferential band of F-actin at the midpoint of a cell and which nucleates microtubules from the cell division site at the end of mitosis.
equatorial microtubule organising centre
A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins. Gamma-tubulin complexes are localized to microtubule organizing centers, and play an important role in the nucleation of microtubules. The number and complexity of non-tubulin proteins associated with these complexes varies between species.
A complex of gamma tubulin and associated proteins thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes. An example of this structure is found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
gamma-tubulin large complex, centrosomal
gamma-tubulin large complex, equatorial microtubule organizing center
gamma-tubulin large complex, equatorial microtubule organizing centre
gamma-tubulin large complex, interphase microtubule organizing center
gamma-tubulin large complex, interphase microtubule organizing centre
gamma-tubulin large complex, mitotic spindle pole body
gamma-tubulin large complex, spindle pole body
A focus in the cytoplasm where mRNAs may become inactivated by decapping or some other mechanism. Protein and RNA localized to these foci are involved in mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), translational repression, and RNA-mediated gene silencing.
A cell septum whose formation is independent of nuclear division.
A septum or cross wall which does not entirely span the space between two portions of cell wall and may contain a specialized central pore structure. A porous septum allows the movement of organelles and/or cytoplasm between compartments.
A cell septum which forms as part of the division site and functions in the compartmentalization of a cell into two daughter cells at division. A division septum spans a cell and does not allow exchange of organelles or cytoplasm between compartments.
A cell septum that forms following nuclear division.
A septum, or cross-wall, between two portions of a cell or hypha; contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure; pore is covered on each side of the septum by a septal pore cap (parenthosome).
A quatrefoil tethering complex required for retrograde traffic from the early endosome back to the late Golgi and biogenesis of cytoplasmic vesicles.
Golgi associated retrograde protein complex
The region of a kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA which contains many CENP proteins organized in various subcomplexes including CENP-C, CENP-LN, CENP-HIKM, CENP-OPQUR and CENP-TWSX, but excluding the CENP-A containing heterochromatin.
condensed nuclear chromosome inner kinetochore
inner kinetochore of condensed chromosome
inner kinetochore of condensed nuclear chromosome
The region of a kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions.
condensed nuclear chromosome outer kinetochore
outer kinetochore of condensed chromosome
outer kinetochore of condensed nuclear chromosome
A complex of the retrotransposon RNA genome, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and associated molecules required for reproduction and integration of the retrotransposon into the host genome; the main structural molecule of the nucleocapsid is often a gag protein homolog.
amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.
amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.
aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of aromatic amino acids to produce aromatic alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanol, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, or tryptophol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.
branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, or 2-methylpropanol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.
branched chain family amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway
methionine catabolic process to 3-methylthiopropanol
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When methionine is used as the substrate, 3-methylthiopropanol is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.
aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanoate, 4-hydroxyphenylethanoate, or 2-(Indol-3-yl)-ethanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.
branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanoate, 2-methylbutanoate, or 2-methylpropanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.
branched chain family amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway
methionine catabolic process to 3-methylthiopropanoate
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When methionine is used as the substrate, 3-methylthiopropanoate is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.
amino acid catabolic process via Ehrlich pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols or carboxylic acids containing one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives, sometimes referred to as fusel acids, may be produced instead of alcohols.
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs in eukaryotic cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.
regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.
negative regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.
positive regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.
The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome into one or more mature RNA molecules; occurs in the mitochondrion.
Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.
Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule.
Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an rRNA molecule.
An RNA exon ligation process that rejoins two exons of a pre-tRNA which has had the intron removed.
tRNA exon ligation utilizing ATP as source of linkage phosphate
A tRNA exon ligation process in which the splice junction phosphate is derived from exogenous ATP. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in vertebrate species.
tRNA exon ligation utilizing GTP as source of linkage phosphate
A tRNA exon ligation process in which the splice junction phosphate is derived from exogenous GTP. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae where the ligation reaction also produces a 2'-phosphate at the splice junction which is subsequently removed as part of the ligation process.
tRNA exon ligation utilizing 2',3' cyclic phosphate of 5'-exon as source of linkage phosphate
A tRNA exon ligation process in which the splice junction phosphate is derived from the 2',3' cyclic phosphate at the 3'-end of the 5'-exon. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in wheat, Chlamydomonas, and vertebrate species including humans.
transcription-dependent tethering of RNA polymerase II gene DNA at nuclear periphery
The chromosome organization process in which the DNA sequence containing a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery. In S. cerevisiae, this process involves cis-acting DNA sequences such as the TATA box and upstream activating sequence (UAS) elements, trans-acting transcriptional activators, and also the 3'-UTR of the transcript.
post-transcriptional tethering of RNA polymerase II gene DNA at nuclear periphery
The chromosome organization process in which the DNA sequence containing a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery even after transcription has been repressed.
posttranscriptional tethering of RNA polymerase II gene DNA at nuclear periphery
A protein complex consisting of Prp19 and associated proteins that is involved in the transition from the precatalytic spliceosome to the activated form that catalyzes step 1 of splicing, and which remains associated with the spliceosome through the second catalytic step. It is widely conserved, found in both yeast and mammals, though the exact composition varies. In S. cerevisiae, it contains Prp19p, Ntc20p, Snt309p, Isy1p, Syf2p, Cwc2p, Prp46p, Clf1p, Cef1p, and Syf1p.
transcription cis-regulatory region binding
Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
bacterial-type RNA polymerase regulatory region DNA binding
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
eubacterial-type RNA polymerase regulatory region DNA binding
eubacterial-type RNA polymerase regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
transcription regulatory region DNA binding
transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase II.
RNA polymerase II regulatory region DNA binding
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II upstream activating sequence (UAS) sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a DNA sequence that is part of the core promoter of a RNA polymerase II-transcribed gene.
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
copper ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
metal ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, copper ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, copper ion regulated proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific transcription regulatory region DNA binding
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, zinc ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, zinc ion regulated proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
sequence-specific distal enhancer binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
sequence-specific transcription regulatory region DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor recruiting transcription factor activity
transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding
transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
zinc ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by some RNA polymerase. The proximal promoter is in cis with and relatively close to the core promoter.
bacterial-type cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
bacterial-type proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
bacterial-type RNA polymerase enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding
bacterial-type RNA polymerase upstream activating sequence (UAS) sequence-specific DNA binding
core promoter proximal region DNA binding
core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
eubacterial-type RNA polymerase regulatory transcription factor sequence-specific DNA binding
promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
obsolete transcription factor activity, protein binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a protein or protein complex, to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
obsolete transcription factor activity, transcription factor binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a specific transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
obsolete transcription factor activity, core RNA polymerase binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to an RNA polymerase in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
obsolete transcription factor activity, core RNA polymerase II binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex, typically composed of twelve subunits, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
RNA polymerase III cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase III. The transcribed region might be contain a single gene or a cistron containing multiple genes.
Binding to an RNA polymerase II core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of twelve subunits.
Binding to an RNA polymerase III core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of seventeen subunits.
RNA polymerase III general transcription initiation factor activity
A general transcription initiation factor activity that contributes to transcription start site selection and transcription initiation of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III. Factors required for RNA polymerase III transcription initiation include TFIIIA, TFIIIB and TFIIIC. RNA polymerase III transcribes genes encoding short RNAs, including tRNAs, 5S rRNA, U6 snRNA, the short ncRNA component of RNases P, the mitochondrial RNA processing (MRP) RNA, the signal recognition particle SRP RNA, and in higher eukaryotes a number of micro and other small RNAs, though there is some variability across species as to whether a given small noncoding RNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase II or RNA polymerase III.
core RNA polymerase III binding transcription factor activity
RNA polymerase III general initiation factor activity
RNA polymerase III transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase III transcription factor activity
transcription factor activity, core RNA polymerase III binding
bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme binding
Binding to a bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme, typically consisting of two alpha, one beta, one beta prime, and one omega subunit.
eubacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme binding
mitochondrial single-subunit type RNA polymerase binding
Binding to a single subunit mitochondrial RNA polymerase enzyme, which is composed of a single catalytic subunit similar to the RNA polymerase enzymes from phages T3, T7, and SP6.
RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a sequence of DNA that is a part of a type 1 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. Type 1 promoters are found in 5S rRNA genes, downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence of the mature RNA, and require TFIIIA for recognition.
RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter DNA binding
RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a sequence of DNA that is a part of a type 2 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. Type 2 promoters consist of an A box and a B box downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence within the sequence of the mature RNA. Type 2 promoters are found in many tRNA genes as well as in other small RNAs.
RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter DNA binding
obsolete RNA polymerase III transcription regulator recruiting activity
OBSOLETE. Initiating the assembly of the RNA polymerase III pre-initiation complex by binding to a control sequence in the intragenic region. This allows to recruit TFIIIB to the DNA at a site centered approximately 26 base pairs upstream of the start site of transcription. For tRNA genes, TFIIIC first associates with DNA, and then recruits TFIIIB. For 5S rRNA genes, TFIIIA binds to DNA first, followed by TFIIIC, which then recruits TFIIIB.
RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a sequence of DNA that is a part of a type 3 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). A type 3 Pol III promoter is composed of elements upstream of the transcription start site, including a TATA box. The human U6 snRNA gene has a type 3 promoter. Type 3 Pol III promoters have not been observed in S. cerevisiae.
RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter DNA binding
obsolete transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III transcription factor binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to an RNA polymerase III transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
RNA polymerase II sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor recruiting activity
The function of binding to a specific DNA sequence and recruiting another transcription factor to the DNA in order to modulate transcription. The recruited factor may bind DNA directly, or may be colocalized via protein-protein interactions.
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor recruiting transcription factor activity
transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor recruiting
transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor recruiting
obsolete transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, RNA polymerase recruiting
OBSOLETE. Binding to a specific DNA sequence and recruiting RNA polymerase to the DNA in order to form the preinitiation complex (PIC).
snoRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III
The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at a type 2 RNA polymerase III promoter.
snoRNA transcription from a type 2 RNA polymerase III promoter
snoRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II
The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.
snoRNA transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter
RNA polymerase III transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a DNA region that controls the transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase III. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
RNA polymerase III regulatory region DNA binding
mitochondrial promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a DNA region that controls the transcription of the mitochondrial DNA.
mitochondrial heavy strand promoter anti-sense binding
mitochondrial heavy strand promoter sense binding
mitochondrial light strand promoter anti-sense binding
mitochondrial light strand promoter sense binding
mitochondrial proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
mitochondrial RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
mitochondrial RNA polymerase core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
mitochondrial RNA polymerase regulatory region DNA binding
mitochondrial RNA polymerase regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
plastid promoter transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a DNA region that controls transcription by a plastid RNA polymerase. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
RNA polymerase III general transcription initiation factor binding
Binding to an RNA polymerase III transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase III.
RNA polymerase III transcription factor binding
obsolete TFIIIB-type transcription factor activity
OBSOLETE. Binding to an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way, Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III promoter by one or more other transcription factors, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.
obsolete RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter TFIIIB-type transcription factor activity
OBSOLETE. Binding to an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter by TFIIIA-type and TFIIIC-type factors, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.
obsolete RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter TFIIIB-type transcription factor activity
OBSOLETE. Binding to an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter by a TFIIIC-type factor, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.
obsolete RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter TFIIIB-type transcription factor activity
OBSOLETE. Binding to an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter by SNAP-type and TFIIIC-type factors, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.
RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a sequence of DNA that is a part of a hybrid type promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). A hybrid Pol III promoter contains both regulatory elements both upstream and downstream of the transcription initiation site. An example gene with such a promoter is the S. cerevisiae U6 gene.
RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter DNA binding
obsolete RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter TFIIIB-type transcription factor activity
OBSOLETE. Binding to an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.
Binding to a RNA polymerase I core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of seventeen subunits.
core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a sequence of DNA that is part of a core promoter region. The core promoter is composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the RNA polymerase and the basal transcription machinery. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
eubacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to RNA polymerase IV core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase found in plants and involved in siRNA production.
Binding to RNA polymerase V core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase found in plants and involved in production of noncoding transcripts at target loci for silencing.
single-subunit type RNA polymerase binding
Binding to a single subunit RNA polymerase enzyme, which is composed of a single catalytic subunit similar to the RNA polymerase enzymes from phages T3, T7, and SP6.
plastid single-subunit type RNA polymerase binding
Binding to a single subunit plastid RNA polymerase enzyme, which is composed of a single catalytic subunit similar to the RNA polymerase enzymes from phages T3, T7, and SP6.
plastid PEP RNA polymerase core enzyme binding
Binding to a bacterial-type plastid PEP RNA polymerase core enzyme, typically consisting of two alpha, one beta, one beta prime, and one double prime subunit.
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase I specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyzes DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity involved in transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase II specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity involved in transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase III specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity involved in transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase IV specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity involved in transcription from RNA polymerase IV promoter
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase V specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity involved in transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase IV, originating at a Pol IV-specific promoter.
transcription from RNA polymerase IV promoter
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase V, originating at a Pol V-specific promoter.
transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter
obsolete bacterial-type RNA polymerase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a bacterial-type specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
obsolete plastid PEP-A RNA polymerase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a plastid PEP-A RNA polymerase II specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
obsolete plastid PEP-B RNA polymerase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a plastid PEP-B RNA polymerase II specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
single subunit type RNA polymerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single-subunit-type RNA polymerase-specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
mitochondrial single subunit type RNA polymerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single-subunit-type mitochondrial RNA polymerase-specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
plastid single subunit type RNA polymerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single subunit type plastid RNA polymerase specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
transcription regulatory region nucleic acid binding
Binding to a nucleic acid region that regulates a nucleic acid-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair.
transcription regulatory region RNA binding
Binding to a RNA region within the transcript that regulates the transcription of a gene, cistron, or operon.
Binding to a RNA region that regulates a nucleic acid-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair.
RNA-binding transcription regulator activity
A transcription regulator activity that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific RNA sequence. This function is known to occur in phages and viruses, for example the lambda N and the HIV tat proteins are necessary to allow RNA polymerase to read through terminator sequences.
RNA binding transcription factor activity
RNA binding transcription regulator activity
transcription antitermination factor activity, RNA binding
Binds to RNA, typically within the nascent RNA transcript, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind the nascent RNA include the lambda N protein and the HIV-1 tat protein.
RNA binding transcription antitermination factor activity
transcription antitermination factor activity, DNA binding
Binds to DNA, typically within region of the promoter and transcribed region, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind DNA include the lambda Q protein.
DNA binding transcription antitermination factor activity
obsolete transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding involved in preinitiation complex assembly
OBSOLETE. Binding to a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to promote assembly of the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
nitrogen catabolite regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by nitrogen catabolites
nitrogen catabolite activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to an increase in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by nitrogen catabolites
nitrogen catabolite repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by nitrogen catabolites
obsolete transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I transcription factor binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to an RNA polymerase I transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
obsolete transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II basal transcription factor binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
obsolete transcription factor activity, TFIID-class binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIID class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.
obsolete transcription factor activity, TFIIA-class binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIA class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.
obsolete transcription factor activity, TFIIB-class binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIB class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.
obsolete transcription factor activity, TFIIE-class binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIE class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.
obsolete transcription factor activity, TFIIF-class transcription factor binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIF class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.
obsolete transcription factor activity, TFIIH-class binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIH class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.
RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor binding
Binding to a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.
RNA polymerase II basal transcription factor binding
TFIIA-class transcription factor complex binding
Binding to a general RNA polymerase II transcription factor belonging to the TFIIA complex, one of the complexes involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.
TFIIA-class transcription factor binding
TFIIB-class transcription factor binding
Binding to a general RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIB class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II.
TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding
Binding to a general RNA polymerase II transcription factor belonging to the TFIID complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II.
TFIID-class transcription factor binding
TFIIE-class transcription factor complex binding
Binding to a general RNA polymerase II transcription factor belonging to the TFIIE complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II.
TFIIE-class transcription factor binding
TFIIF-class transcription factor complex binding
Binding to a general RNA polymerase II transcription factor belonging to the TFIIF complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II.
TFIIF-class transcription factor binding
TFIIH-class transcription factor complex binding
Binding to a general RNA polymerase II transcription factor belonging to the TFIIH complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II.
TFIIH-class transcription factor binding
Binding to a component of the basal transcription machinery which is composed of the RNA polymerase core enzyme and the basal transcription factor(s), the minimal set of factors required for formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by the RNA polymerase.
basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery binding
Binding to a component of the basal transcription machinery for RNA polymerase II which is composed of the RNA polymerase II core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of twelve subunits, and the basal RNA polymerase II transcription factors, the minimal set of factors required for formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by the RNA polymerase.
basal RNAP II transcription machinery binding
negative regulation of exit from mitosis
Any process involved in the inhibition of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.
bacterial-type RNA polymerase holo enzyme binding
Binding to a component of the basal transcription machinery which is composed of a bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme and a sigma factor, the minimal set of factors required for formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase.
basal bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription machinery binding
promoter clearance during DNA-templated transcription
Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.
promoter clearance during DNA-dependent transcription
promoter clearance from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
A process that mediates the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase III, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase.
promoter clearance from RNA polymerase III promoter
A process that mediates the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.
promoter clearance from RNA polymerase II promoter
promoter escape from RNA polymerase II promoter
promoter-paused RNA polymerase II release
DNA-templated transcription open complex formation
Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.
DNA-dependent transcriptional open complex formation
DNA-templated transcriptional open complex formation
transcriptional open complex formation at bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
transcription open complex formation at bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
transcription open complex formation at RNA polymerase II promoter
Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.
transcriptional open complex formation at RNA polymerase II promoter
A macromolecular complex containing protein, DNA, and RNA molecules.
protein-DNA-RNA complex subunit organization
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA-RNA complex.
protein-DNA-RNA complex subunit organisation
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins, DNA, and RNA molecules to form a protein-DNA-RNA complex.
The disaggregation of a protein-DNA-RNA complex into its constituent components.
transcription ternary complex disassembly
The disaggregation of a transcription ternary complex, composed of RNA polymerase, template DNA, and an RNA transcript, into its constituent components.
transcription protein-DNA-RNA complex disassembly
The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-DNA-RNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.
The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-DNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.
obsolete RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator activity involved in preinitiation complex assembly
OBSOLETE. Binding to an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) regulatory transcription factor and also with the RNAP II basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or stability of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC). Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal RNAP II transcription machinery.
obsolete RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, TBP-class protein binding, involved in preinitiation complex assembly
OBSOLETE. Binding to a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP), including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs), to facilitate the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase.
obsolete RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, TBP-class protein binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP), including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs), in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.
obsolete transcription regulator recruiting activity
OBSOLETE. The function of binding to an RNA polymerase (RNAP) transcription regulator and recruiting it to the general transcription machinery complex in order to modulate transcription initiation.
obsolete RNA polymerase II transcription regulator recruiting activity
OBSOLETE. The function of binding to an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) transcription regulator and recruiting it to the general transcription machinery complex in order to modulate transcription initiation.
RNA polymerase II complex recruiting activity
Binding to an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex, typically composed of twelve subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way in order to facilitate the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on an RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase.
core RNA polymerase II recruiting transcription factor activity
transcription factor activity, core RNA polymerase II recruiting
transcription termination site sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a sequence of DNA that promotes termination by RNA polymerase. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
bacterial-type RNA polymerase termination site sequence-specific DNA binding
mitochondrial RNA polymerase termination site sequence-specific DNA binding
mitochondrial RNA polymerase terminator site sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
transcription factor activity, mitochondrial RNA polymerase terminator site sequence-specific binding
transcription termination site DNA binding
obsolete transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase termination site sequence-specific binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a sequence of DNA that is a termination site for bacterial-type RNA polymerase in order to promote transcription termination by bacterial-type RNA polymerase.
obsolete transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter sequence-specific binding, TFIIIC recruiting
OBSOLETE. The function of binding to a specific DNA sequence motif in a type 1 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter in order to recruit the transcription factor TFIIIC to the promoter.
obsolete transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III transcription factor recruiting
OBSOLETE. The function of binding to an RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) transcription factor and recruiting it to the transcription machinery complex in order to modulate transcription by RNAP III.
TFIIIB-class transcription factor complex binding
Binding to a general RNA polymerase III transcription factor belonging to the TFIIB complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase III.
TFIIIB-class transcription factor binding
TFIIIA-class transcription factor binding
Binding to an RNA polymerase III transcription factor of the TFIIIA class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) at RNA polymerase III promoters.
TFIIIC-class transcription factor complex binding
Binding to a general RNA polymerase III transcription factor belonging to the TFIIC complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase III.
TFIIIC-class transcription factor binding
intronic transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to an intronic DNA sequence that regulates the transcription of the transcript it is contained within.
intronic transcription regulatory region DNA binding
RNA polymerase II intronic transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to an RNA polymerase II intronic DNA sequence that regulates the transcription of the transcript it is contained within.
RNA polymerase I transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase I.
RNA polymerase I regulatory region DNA binding
RNA polymerase I core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery. This site is often referred to as the CORE element. In mammalian cells, the CORE element functions in conjunction with the Upstream Control Element (UCE), while in fungi, protozoa, and plants, the CORE element functions without a UCE.
RNA polymerase I CORE element sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase I CORE element sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor recruiting transcription factor activity
transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I CORE element binding transcription factor recruiting
RNA polymerase I cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase I. RNA polymerase I elements are referred to either enhancers or upstream control element (UCE, or alternately referred to as the upstream element).
RNA polymerase I enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase I upstream control element sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase I upstream element sequence-specific DNA binding
obsolete RNA polymerase I transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase I. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
obsolete transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I upstream control element sequence-specific binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a upstream control element (UCE, or alternately referred to as the upstream element, UE), a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase I in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase I.
obsolete transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I CORE element sequence-specific binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to CORE element, a regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase I.
obsolete transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I enhancer sequence-specific binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a RNA polymerase I (Pol I) enhancer in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase I.
A DNA synthesis process that uses RNA as the initial template for synthesis of DNA, but which also includes an RNase activity to remove the RNA strand of an RNA-DNA heteroduplex produced by the RNA-dependent synthesis step and use of the initial DNA strand as a template for DNA synthesis.
The synthesis of an RNA transcript from an RNA template.
DNA-templated transcriptional start site selection
Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.
DNA-dependent transcriptional start site selection
transcriptional start site selection at bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase II promoter
Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase II promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.
transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase III promoter
Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase III promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.
regulation of transcription open complex formation at RNA polymerase II promoter
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.
regulation of transcriptional open complex formation at RNA polymerase II promoter
regulation of transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase II promoter
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase II promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.
regulation of transcription start site selection at RNA polymerase II promoter
RNA polymerase I general transcription initiation factor binding
Binding to an RNA polymerase I transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase I.
RNA polymerase I transcription factor binding
RNA polymerase I general transcription initiation factor activity
A general transcription initiation factor activity that contributes to transcription start site selection and transcription initiation of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase I. Factors required for RNA polymerase I transcription initiation include upstream activation factor (UAF), core factor (CF), TATA binding protein (TBP) and RRN3. In all species characterized, RNA polymerase I transcribes a large polycistronic transcript that is processed into several mature rRNAs (3 or 4 depending on the species), including the large subunit rRNA (28S in humans), the small subunit rRNA (18S in humans), as well as one or two additional smaller rRNAs (the 5.8S rRNA in humans). In most species, this large rRNA transcript is the sole product of RNA polymerase I. However there are rare exceptions, such as Trypanosoma brucei, where RNA polymerase I also transcribes certain mRNAs.
core RNA polymerase I binding transcription factor activity
general RNA polymerase I transcription factor activity
RNA polymerase I transcription general initiation factor activity
transcription factor activity, core RNA polymerase I binding
A process that mediates the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase I, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.
promoter clearance from RNA polymerase I promoter
promoter clearance from RNA polymerase I promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript
obsolete RNA polymerase I transcription regulator recruiting activity
OBSOLETE. The function of binding to an RNA polymerase I (RNAP I) transcription regulator and recruiting it to the general transcription machinery complex in order to modulate transcription initiation.
RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter.
RNA polymerase I transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
RNA polymerase I transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly at the promoter for the nuclear large rRNA transcript
RNA polymerase I transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly at the promoter for the nucleolar primary rRNA transcript
obsolete transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
obsolete transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation
Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation on a DNA template.
maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-dependent transcription elongation
maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-dependent transcription elongation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-templated transcription elongation
maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-templated transcription elongation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II
Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-dependent transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-templated transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation by RNA polymerase III
Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation from a RNA polymerase III promoter.
maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-dependent transcription elongation from RNA polymerase III promoter
maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-templated transcription elongation from RNA polymerase III promoter
obsolete regulation of mating-type specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any mating-type specific process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete positive regulation of mating-type specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any mating-type specific process that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete negative regulation of mating-type specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any mating-type specific process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
OBSOLETE. The removal of histones, including histone dimers, from nucleosomes within chromatin.
obsolete histone H2A-H2B dimer displacement
OBSOLETE. The removal of a H2A-H2B histone dimer from a nucleosome within chromatin.
DNA-binding transcription activator activity
A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that activates or increases transcription of specific gene sets.
bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional activator activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional activator activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
transcriptional activator activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
transcriptional activator activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity
A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets.
bacterial-type DNA binding transcription repressor activity
bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional repressor activity, cadmium ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional repressor activity, copper ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional repressor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional repressor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
cadmium ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
copper ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
transcriptional repressor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
transcriptional repressor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
Binding to a transcription coregulator, a protein involved in regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other transcription regulatory proteins. Cofactors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
RNA polymerase II transcription cofactor binding
RNA polymerase II transcription coregulator binding
Binding to a transcription corepressor, a protein involved in negative regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that negatively regulate transcription. Transcription corepressors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressing transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor binding
Binding to a transcription coactivator, a protein involved in positive regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that positively regulate transcription. Transcription coactivators do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator binding
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
distal enhancer DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
metal ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
proximal promoter DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
RNA polymerase II transcriptional repressor activity, metal ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
RNA polymerase II transcriptional repressor activity, metal ion regulated proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
sequence-specific distal enhancer binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
transcriptional repressor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding
transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that activates or increases transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
copper ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
distal enhancer DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
metal ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
proximal promoter DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
RNA polymerase II transcriptional activator activity, copper ion regulated proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II transcriptional activator activity, metal ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
RNA polymerase II transcriptional activator activity, metal ion regulated proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II transcriptional activator activity, zinc ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
RNA polymerase II transcriptional activator activity, zinc ion regulated proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
sequence-specific distal enhancer binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
transcriptional activator activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding
transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
zinc ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
OBSOLETE. The process associated with progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan that occurs when the cell is in a non-dividing, or quiescent, state.
obsolete progressive alteration of chromatin involved in cell aging
OBSOLETE. Any chromatin organization process that occurs during the lifespan of the cell that results in changes in chromatin structure. Such changes may lead to gene dysregulation and ultimately to a loss in cell homeostasis, bringing about an aging phenotype.
OBSOLETE. The process associated with progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan that occurs as the cell continues cycles of growth and division.
obsolete nucleolar fragmentation involved in replicative aging
OBSOLETE. A nucleolar fragmentation process that gives rise to multiple rounded structures and that occurs in conjunction with increasing age in dividing cells.
obsolete progressive alteration of chromatin involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. A process that results in changes in chromatin structure contributing to replicative cell aging.
obsolete progressive alteration of chromatin involved in chronological cell aging
OBSOLETE. A process that results in changes in chromatin structure contributing to chronological cell aging, occurring in non-dividing cells.
obsolete age-dependent response to oxidative stress
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
obsolete extrachromosomal circular DNA accumulation involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. Increase in abundance of circular DNA molecules in dividing cells as they age. These molecules originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, and then replicated independently of chromosomal replication.
obsolete negative regulation of chromatin silencing involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. The process, which occurs as a dividing cell ages, leading to expression of genes that are typically not expressed due to silencing by regulatory proteins.
obsolete age-dependent telomere shortening
OBSOLETE. Progressive reduction in length of the telomeres, the termini of eukaryotic chromosomes, that occurs as part of the cellular aging process.
obsolete extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. Increase in abundance of circular DNA molecules containing ribosomal DNA repeats in dividing cells as they age. These molecules originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, and then replicated independently of chromosomal replication.
obsolete formation of extrachromosomal circular rDNA by homologous recombination involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. Excision from the chromosome and circularization of DNA molecules encoding ribosomal RNA in dividing cells as they age.
obsolete replication of extrachromosomal rDNA circles involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. Replication of rDNA following its excision from the chromosome of dividing cells as they age. Extrachromosomal rDNA forms a circle that contains at least one autonomously replicating sequence (ARS), which supports replication independent of chromosomal replication.
obsolete formation of extrachromosomal circular DNA involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. Excision from the chromosome and circularization of a region of chromosomal DNA, generally, but not always, via homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, in dividing cells as they age.
obsolete replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. Replication of circular DNA following excision from the chromosome of dividing cells as they age; replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA generally occurs independently of chromosomal replication.
obsolete age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
obsolete age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) occurring during the process of replicative cell aging as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
obsolete accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. Accumulation of proteins that have undergone reactions with reactive oxygen species in aging dividing cells and exhibit modifications such as increased protein carbonyl content, oxidized methionine, protein hydrophobicity, and cross-linking.
obsolete formation of oxidatively modified proteins involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. Chemical reaction, between proteins and reactive oxygen species, that occurs in dividing cells as they age and leads to a variety of changes in the affected proteins, including increases in protein carbonyl content, oxidized methionine, protein hydrophobicity, and cross-linking.
obsolete inheritance of oxidatively modified proteins involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. A protein localization process in which progeny cells acquire, or are barred from acquiring, proteins that have been altered by reaction with reactive oxygen species in dividing aging cells.
obsolete age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species involved in chronological cell aging
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) occurring in non-dividing cells as they age as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
obsolete age-dependent general metabolic decline involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. A process of general metabolic decline that arises in dividing cells as they age, and alters cellular metabolism to cause a decline in cell function.
obsolete age-dependent response to oxidative stress involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) occurring in dividing cells as they age as a result of oxidative stress, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
obsolete age-dependent general metabolic decline involved in chronological cell aging
OBSOLETE. A process of general metabolic decline that arises in non-dividing cells as they age, and alters cellular metabolism to cause a decline in cell function.
obsolete age-dependent response to oxidative stress involved in chronological cell aging
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) occurring in non-dividing cells as they age as a result of oxidative stress, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
formation of extrachromosomal circular DNA
Excision from the chromosome and circularization of a region of chromosomal DNA, generally, but not always, via homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats.
assembly of extrachromosomal circular DNA
replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA
Replication of circular DNA following excision from the chromosome; replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA generally occurs independently of chromosomal replication.
The region where the mating projection meets the bulk of the cell, in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone.
A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates sorting of some imported proteins to the outer membrane and their assembly in the membrane; functions after import of incoming proteins by the mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.
mitochondrial sorting and assembly machinery complex
signal transduction involved in filamentous growth
Relaying of environmental signals promoting filamentous growth.
signal transduction during filamentous growth
invasive growth in response to glucose limitation
A growth pattern exhibited by budding haploid cells under certain growth conditions, in which cells retain the typical axial budding pattern of haploids, but become elongated and fail to separate after division; during growth on a solid substrate, this results in penetration of cells into the agar medium. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
OBSOLETE. Growth of a pathogenic organism that results in penetration into cells or tissues of the host organism. This often (but not necessarily) includes a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down host tissue.
PAM complex, Tim23 associated import motor
Protein complex located on the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane and associated with the TIM23 mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase complex (GO:0005744); ATPase motor activity to drive import of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix.
presequence translocase-associated import motor
pre-sequence translocase-associated import motor
glycerophosphodiester transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of glycerophosphodiesters from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerophosphodiesters are small molecules composed of glycerol-3-phosphate and an alcohol, for example, glycerophosphoinositol.
glycerophosphodiester transmembrane transport
The process in which a glycerophosphodiester is transported across a membrane. Glycerophosphodiesters are small molecules composed of glycerol-3-phosphate and an alcohol, for example, glycerophosphoinositol.
The directed movement of guanine nucleotides, GTP, GDP, and/or GMP, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of guanine nucleotides (GMP, GDP, and GTP) from one side of a membrane to the other.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the chlamydospore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chlamydospores is a mitotic (asexual) one-celled spore, produced primarily for survival, not dispersal, originating endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell and possessing an inner secondary and often thickened cell wall. An example of this is found in Candida albicans.
The end, or tip, of a fungal hypha, where polarized growth occurs during hyphal elongation.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton).
The condensation of mesenchymal cells that have been committed to differentiate into chondrocytes.
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
The directed movement of neurotransmitters into neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.
Any process that modulates levels of neurotransmitter.
obsolete neurotransmitter biosynthetic process and storage
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neurotransmitters and the storage of the synthesized molecules.
acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine that occurs in the synaptic cleft during synaptic transmission.
acetylcholine breakdown in synaptic cleft
acetylcholine degradation in synaptic cleft
A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of proteins and small-molecule substrates at Asn-Xaa bonds.
Posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to either a nucleotide or 2'-O ribose in a polyribonucleotide. Usually uses S-adenosylmethionine as a cofactor.
OBSOLETE. Large glycoprotein that is a calcium binding component of connective tissue microfibrils containing 34 six-cysteine (EGF-like) repeats and five eight-cysteine (TGFbeta-1 binding protein-like) repeats. Defects associated with Marfan syndrome.
dihydronicotinamide riboside quinone reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone = 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide + a hydroquinone.
N-ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
The incorporation of selenocysteine into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UGA codon as selenocysteine, rather than as a termination codon. Selenocysteine is synthesized from serine before its incorporation; it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine.
Naturally occurring peptide that is an opioid (any non-alkaloid having an opiate-like effect that can be reversed by naloxone or other recognized morphine antagonist). These include Leu- and Met-enkephalin, dynorphin and neoendorphin, alpha, beta, gamma and delta endorphins formed from beta-lipotropin, various pronase-resistant peptides such as beta casamorphin, and other peptides whose opiate-like action seems to be indirect.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring.
N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate.
N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulphotransferase activity
A sodium channel in a cell membrane whose opening is governed by the membrane potential.
voltage-dependent sodium channel complex
voltage-sensitive sodium channel complex
The posttranslational conversion of C-terminal glycine-extended peptides to C-terminal alpha-amidated peptides. Occurs to over half of all peptide hormones to give bioactive peptides. This is a two step process catalyzed by a peptidyl-glycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase and a peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase. In some organisms, this process is catalyzed by two separate enzymes, whereas in higher organisms, one polypeptide catalyzes both reactions.
A supramolecular fiber found in the flagella of mammalian sperm that surrounds the nine microtubule doublets. These dense fibers are stiff and noncontractile. In human, they consist of about 10 major and at least 15 minor proteins, where all major proteins are ODF1, ODF2 or ODF2-related proteins.
The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine within an RNA molecule. This posttranscriptional base modification occurs in tRNA, rRNA, and snRNAs.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.
OBSOLETE. The colorless and basic protein moiety of hemoglobin and myoglobins.
Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
blood vessel formation from pre-existing blood vessels
OBSOLETE. Transfer of sulfate to a proteoglycan (a glycoprotein whose carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans) using 3'-phosphoadenyl sulfate.
Extracellular matrix components occurring independently or along with elastin. Thought to have force-bearing functions in tendon. In addition to fibrillins, microfibrils may contain other associated proteins.
OBSOLETE. A major structural protein of mammalian connective tissues; composed of one third glycine, and also rich in proline, alanine, and valine. Chains are cross-linked together via lysine residues.
Combining with interleukin-21 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
A type of plasma membrane that has been modified through addition of distinct intracellular and extracellular components, including ceramide, found in cornifying epithelial cells (corneocytes).
Protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of the ciliary or flagellum axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules. Composed of a stalk that attaches to each doublet microtubule and a globular structure (spoke head) that projects toward the central pair of microtubules.
Protein complex forming part of eukaryotic flagellar apparatus.
Globular portion of the radial spoke that projects towards the central pair of microtubules.
N-acetylgalactosamine 4-O-sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate.
N-acetylgalactosamine 4-O-sulphotransferase activity
cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility
Cell motility due to movement of eukaryotic cilia or bacterial-type flagella or archaeal-type flagella.
ciliary or bacterial-type flagellar motility
Binding to an amyloid-beta peptide/protein.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct. An example of this is found in Mus musculus.
Disruption of theca cell layer releasing follicular fluid and/or the oocyte.
initiation of primordial ovarian follicle growth
Increase in size of primordial follicles including proliferation and shape changes of granulosa and/or theca cells until oocyte is surrounded by one layer of cuboidal shaped granulosa cells (primary follicle).
Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle).
Increase in size of follicles surrounded by two or more layers of granulosa cells up to the onset of antrum formation.
Increase in size of antral follicles due to cell proliferation and/or growth of the antral cavity.
follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum
The menstrual cycle process that results in the formation of one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells during the various stages of oogenesis.
ovarian follicle antrum/follicular fluid biosynthesis
ovarian follicle antrum/follicular fluid formation
The process in which a subpopulation of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte acquires the specialized features of an ovarian cumulus cell.
Increase in size of the cumulus surrounding the oocyte including change in morphology due to proliferation and dispersion of cumulus cells.
Association of oocytes with supporting epithelial granulosa cells to form primordial follicles.
A periodic process in which immature ovarian follicles degenerate and are subsequently re-absorbed.
The set of processes resulting in differentiation of theca and granulosa cells into luteal cells and in the formation of a corpus luteum after ovulation.
The lysis or structural demise of the corpus luteum. During normal luteolysis, two closely related events occur. First, there is loss of the capacity to synthesize and secrete progesterone (functional luteolysis) followed by loss of the cells that comprise the corpus luteum (structural luteolysis). Preventing luteolysis is crucial to maintain pregnancy.
The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization.
obsolete metabolic process resulting in cell growth
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions that occur in living organisms that result in an increase in the mass (size) of a cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
obsolete regulation of cell growth by detection of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the size of the nucleus with respect to the cytoplasm modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time.
regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus
Any process in which external signals modulate the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time.
interpretation of external signals that regulate cell growth
regulation of cell growth by detection of exogenous stimulus
regulation of cell growth by sensing of exogenous stimulus
regulation of growth by exogenous signal
regulation of growth by exogenous stimuli
regulation of growth by exogenous stimulus
regulation of growth by external stimuli
regulation of growth by external stimulus
A metabolic pathway by which 3-methyl branched fatty acids are degraded. These compounds are not degraded by the normal peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway, because the 3-methyl blocks the dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl group by hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The 3-methyl branched fatty acid is converted in several steps to pristenic acid, which can then feed into the beta-oxidative pathway.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a protozoan.
The series of events in which a stimulus from a protozoan is received and converted into a molecular signal.
obsolete resistance to pathogenic protozoa
Combining with a phorbol ester and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
non-kinase phorbol ester receptor activity
Combining with a phorbol ester and transmitting the signal by a mechanism independent of kinase activity.
Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + cholesterol + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O.
cholesterol,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (25-hydroxylating) activity
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system.
The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.
non-tyrosine kinase fibroblast growth factor receptor activity
Combining with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other by a mechanism independent of tyrosine kinase activity.
non-tyrosine kinase FGF receptor activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group. They are the precursors of both gangliosides and globosides.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving globosides, globotetraosylceramides, ceramides containing a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1->3)-Gal-alpha-(1->4)-Glc(I). Globosides are the major neutral glycosphingolipid in normal kidneys and erythrocytes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ceramide with a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1->3)-Gal-alpha-(1->4)-Glc(I).
OBSOLETE. A lectin that exhibits calcium independent binding of beta-galactoside sugars.
A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules.
The directed movement of a medium-chain fatty acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste
The series of events required for a bitter taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.
perception of bitter taste, detection of chemical stimulus
perception of bitter taste, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of bitter taste
sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of bitter taste
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sour taste
The series of events required for a sour taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.
perception of sour taste, detection of chemical stimulus
perception of sour taste, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of sour taste
sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of sour taste
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sweet taste
The series of events required for a sweet taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.
perception of sweet taste, detection of chemical stimulus
perception of sweet taste, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of sweet taste
sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of sweet taste
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of salty taste
The series of events required for a salty taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.
perception of salty taste, detection of chemical stimulus
perception of salty taste, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of salty taste
sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of salty taste
obsolete rhodopsin-like receptor activity
OBSOLETE. A G protein-coupled receptor that is structurally/functionally related to the rhodopsin receptor.
Gi/o-coupled serotonin receptor activity
Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gi/o subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gi/o subunit subsequently inhibits adenylate cyclase and results in a decrease in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels.
serotonin receptor activity, coupled via Gi/o
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity
Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gq/11 subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gq/11 subunit subsequently activates phospholipase C and results in an increase in inositol triphosphate (IP3) levels.
serotonin receptor activity, coupled via Gq/11
dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gs
Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gs to initiate a change in cell activity.
dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go
Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gi/Go to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with a trace amine to initiate a change in cell activity. Trace amines are biogenic amines that are synthesized from aromatic amino acids and are substrates for monoamine oxidase, and are therefore detectable only at trace levels in mammals.
Combining with angiotensin to initiate a change in cell activity.
An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C followed by phosphoinositide hydrolysis and Ca2+ signaling, and may act via additional signaling mechanisms.
PLC-activating angiotensin receptor activity
obsolete chemokine receptor-like receptor activity
Combining with gut peptide YY to initiate a change in cell activity.
pancreatic polypeptide receptor activity
Combining with pancreatic polypeptide PP to initiate a change in cell activity.
obsolete vasopressin-like receptor activity
Combining with urotensin II to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with adrenomedullin to initiate a change in cell activity.
obsolete GPR37/endothelin B-like receptor activity
Combining with neuromedin U to initiate a change in cell activity.
G protein-coupled nucleotide receptor activity
Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
G protein coupled nucleotide receptor activity
G-protein coupled nucleotide receptor activity
nucleotide receptor activity, G protein coupled
nucleotide receptor activity, G-protein coupled
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity
Combining with adenosine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
A1 adenosine receptor activity, G protein coupled
A1 adenosine receptor activity, G-protein coupled
A2A adenosine receptor activity, G protein coupled
A2A adenosine receptor activity, G-protein coupled
A2B adenosine receptor activity, G protein coupled
A2B adenosine receptor activity, G-protein coupled
A3 adenosine receptor activity, G protein coupled
A3 adenosine receptor activity, G-protein coupled
adenosine receptor activity, G protein coupled
adenosine receptor activity, G-protein coupled
G protein coupled A1 adenosine receptor activity
G-protein-coupled A1 adenosine receptor activity
G protein coupled A2A adenosine receptor activity
G-protein-coupled A2A adenosine receptor activity
G protein coupled A2B adenosine receptor activity
G-protein-coupled A2B adenosine receptor activity
G protein coupled A3 adenosine receptor activity
G-protein-coupled A3 adenosine receptor activity
G protein coupled adenosine receptor activity
G-protein coupled adenosine receptor activity
Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
obsolete thyrotropin releasing hormone and secretagogue-like receptors activity
growth hormone secretagogue receptor activity
Combining with ghrelin to initiate a change in cell activity.
obsolete growth hormone secretagogue-like receptor activity
Combining with a virus component and mediating entry of the virus into the cell.
obsolete lysosphingolipid and lysophosphatidic acid receptor activity
OBSOLETE. Combining with lysosphingolipid or lysophosphatidic acid to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with ADP and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
ADP-activated adenosine receptor activity
ADP-activated nucleotide receptor activity
Combining with the peptide nociceptin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.
nociceptin/orphanin-FQ receptor activity
obsolete leucine-rich G-protein receptor-like receptor activity
obsolete gastropyloric receptor activity
obsolete G-protein receptor 45-like receptor activity
Combining with a cysteinyl leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Cysteinyl leukotrienes are leukotrienes that contain a peptide group based on cysteine.
Combining with leukotriene B4, LTB4, to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotriene B4 is also known as (6Z, 8E, 10E, 14Z)-(5S, 12R)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraen-1-oate.
obsolete secretin-like receptor activity
OBSOLETE. A G protein-coupled receptor that is structurally/functionally related to the secretin receptor.
pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor activity
A G protein-coupled receptor that interacts with pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide.
pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide receptor activity
pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide receptor
pituitary adenylate cyclase activating protein receptor activity
pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating protein receptor activity
calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor activity
Combining with a calcitonin gene-related polypeptide (CGRP) to initiate a change in cell activity.
calcitonin gene-related polypeptide receptor activity
obsolete corticotrophin-releasing factor gastric inhibitory peptide-like receptor activity
G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor activity
Combining with a chemoattractant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
G protein chemoattractant receptor activity
G-protein chemoattractant receptor activity
G-protein coupled chemoattractant receptor activity
PLC activating G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity
A G protein-coupled receptor that binds glutamate and is linked to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium signaling system.
group I metabotropic glutamate receptor activity
phospholipase C activating metabotropic glutamate receptor activity
PLC activating G-protein coupled glutamate receptor activity
PLC activating metabotropic glutamate receptor activity
adenylate cyclase inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity
Combining with glutamate and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex to inhibit downstream adenylate cyclase activity.
adenylate cyclase inhibiting metabotropic glutamate receptor activity
adenylyl cyclase inhibiting metabotropic glutamate receptor activity
group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activity
A G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD) and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.
group III metabotropic glutamate receptor activity
A G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by L-AP-4 and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.
Combining with cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate receptor activity
G protein-coupled cytokinin receptor activity
Combining with cytokinin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
cytokinin receptor activity, G-protein coupled
G protein coupled cytokinin receptor activity
G-protein coupled cytokinin receptor activity
A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is activated by cleavage by a serine protease, exposing a tethered ligand corresponding to the new N-terminus, which binds to the receptor and activates it.
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.
A structure found most metazoan nucleoli, but not usually found in lower eukaryotes; surrounded by the dense fibrillar component; the zone of transcription from multiple copies of the pre-rRNA genes is in the border region between these two structures.
A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains newly synthesized preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and a collection of proteins.
A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains nearly completed preribosomal particles destined for the cytoplasm.
Combining with an extracellular or intracellular peptide to initiate a change in cell activity.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urogenital system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.
A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature.
The heat generation process that results in a rise in body temperature above the normal, often as a response to infection.
A conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with a noxious stimulus.
An acute behavioral change resulting from a perceived external threat.
Binding to a G protein-coupled receptor.
alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + glycano-(1->3)-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl)-glycoprotein = CMP + glycano-[(2->6)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl]-(N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl)-glycoprotein.
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:glycano-1,3-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl)-glycoprotein alpha-2,6-N-acetylneuraminyltransferase activity
GalNAc alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase I activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.
A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plasma membrane and is derived from the lysosome.
Binds to and increases the activity of an ATP hydrolysis activity.
The nucleus of a male germ cell, a reproductive cell in males.
The nucleus of the female germ cell, a reproductive cell in females.
The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a long-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.
formation of translation initiation ternary complex
Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).
translation initiation ternary complex assembly
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of glucose within a cell.
Post-transcriptional addition of the terminal 3' CCA sequence to a tRNA which does not encode this sequence within the primary transcript. CCA addition proceeds by the sequential addition of CTP, CTP, and then ATP to the 3' end of the tRNA, yielding a diphosphate with each nucleotide addition.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-O-acetylneuraminate (free or glycosidically bound) + H2O = N-acetylneuraminate + acetate.
N-acetylneuraminate acetyltransferase activity
N-acyl-O-acetylneuraminate O-acetylhydrolase activity
Generation of the mature 5'-end of the tRNA, usually via an endonucleolytic cleavage by RNase P.
obsolete axonemal dynein intermediate chain
obsolete axonemal dynein intermediate light chain
obsolete cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain
obsolete cytoplasmic dynein intermediate light chain
Maintains the phosphorylation state of certain molecules by associating with them and preventing them from associating with active phosphatases, and thus inhibiting the enzyme activity without interacting with the enzyme. Often pertains to proteins belonging to dual-specificity phosphatase family but lacking critical active site residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.
histamine-induced gastric acid secretion
The regulated release of gastric acid induced by the interaction of histamine with H2 type receptor receptors with subsequent activation of adenylate cyclase and elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP.
The regulated release of gastric acid induced by the interaction of gastrin with its receptor.
acetylcholine-induced gastric acid secretion
The regulated release of gastric acid by parietal cells in response to acetylcholine.
embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through syncytial blastoderm to the hatching of the first instar larva. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second.
A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the mouth and the anus forms second.
The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation.
The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation.
The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation.
The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
The cellular developmental process involved in cell fate commitment in which the cell is designated to follow a developmental path, unless they receive extrinsic cues that direct an alternative fate.
The cellular developmental process involved in cell fate commitment that occurs after cell fate specification, in which a cell is irreversibly committed to a cellular developmental fate which is heritable on cell division.
The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the mesoderm.
The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the endoderm.
The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the ectoderm.
The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
Catalysis of the reaction: a L-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
L-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
conversion of seryl-tRNAsec to selenocys-tRNAsec
The modification process that results in the conversion of serine, carried by a specialized tRNA(ser) (which can read a UGA anticodon), to selenocysteine.
conversion of lysyl-tRNA to pyrrolysyl-tRNA
The modification process that results in the conversion of lysine, carried by a specialized lysine-accepting tRNA (possessing a CUA anticodon), to pyrrolysine (a lysine with an amide linkage to a (4R,5R)-4-substituted pyrroline-5-carboxylate).
obsolete intermediate filament associated protein
OBSOLETE. Proteins that associate with intermediate filaments and function in the supramolecular organization of cellular intermediate filament networks.
obsolete type I intermediate filament associated protein
OBSOLETE. Low molecular weight (10-45 kDa) proteins that associate with intermediate filaments by lateral binding of the filaments and have the effect of creating tight macrofilament aggregates.
obsolete type II intermediate filament associated protein
OBSOLETE. High molecular weight (100-300 kDa) proteins that associate with intermediate filaments to cross-link them into loose networks.
obsolete type III intermediate filament associated protein
OBSOLETE. Proteins that associate with the ends of intermediate filaments and couple the intermediate filaments to the plasma membrane.
A contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity, cross-linked by alpha-actinin and possibly other actin bundling proteins, and with myosin present in a periodic distribution along the fiber.
Projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork.
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of a simple or complex lipid.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ceramide = ADP + ceramide-1-phosphate.
ATP:ceramide 1-phosphotransferase activity
2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = pppA(2'p5'A)n oligomers. This reaction requires the binding of double-stranded RNA.
2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase activity
oligo-2',5'-adenylate synthetase activity
formation of translation preinitiation complex
The joining of the small ribosomal subunit, ternary complex, and mRNA.
formation of translation pre-initiation complex
translation preinitiation complex assembly
formation of cytoplasmic translation initiation complex
Joining of the large ribosomal subunit with the translation preinitiation complex, with release of IF2/eIF2 and IF3/eIF3 or IF5B/eIF5B. This leaves the functional ribosome at the AUG, with the methionyl/formyl-methionyl-tRNA positioned at the P site.
cytoplasmic translation initiation complex assembly
formation of translation initiation complex
galactosylceramide sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a galactosylceramide = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + a galactosylceramidesulfate.
3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-cerebroside sulfotransferase activity
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:galactosylceramide 3'-sulfotransferase activity
galactocerebroside sulfotransferase activity
galactosylceramide sulphotransferase activity
glycosphingolipid sulfotransferase activity
mRNA (N6-adenosine)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + RRACH = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + RRm6ACH; R is a purine, and H is C, A, or U.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-prenyl-L-cysteine + O2 + H2O = a prenal + L-cysteine + H2O2.
S-prenyl-L-cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.
establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation
Orientation of hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing along a proximal-distal axis, such that each cell of the wing produces one wing hair which points in a distal direction.
The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of a polarized epithelium are generated and organized. A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis.
Chromatin that is part of a sex chromosome.
A structure found in a female mammalian cell containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.
A structure found in a male mammalian spermatocyte containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oenocyte. Oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments.
The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of an eye.
Establishment of the optic lobe placode. In Drosophila, for example, the placode appears in the dorsolateral region of the head in late stage 11 embryos and is the precursor to the larval visual system.
optic lobe and Bolwig's organ precursor formation
The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the larval eye in Drosophila are generated and organized. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure. During embryonic stage 12 the placode starts to invaginate, forming a pouch. Cells that will form Bolwig's organ segregate from the ventral lip of this pouch, remaining in the head epidermis. The remainder of the invagination loses contact with the outer surface and becomes the optic lobe. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
optic lobe and Bolwig's organ precursor development
The outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor that contains a stack of membrane discs embedded with photoreceptor proteins.
compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell.
compound eye photoreceptor fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a compound eye photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.
obsolete adult eye photoreceptor development (sensu Drosophila)
OBSOLETE. Development of a photoreceptor, a receptor that responds to light, in the adult Drosophila eye.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms.
The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo.
The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.
The process in which individual somites establish identity during embryogenesis.
Catalysis of the reaction: retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH. Acts on both 11-trans and 13-cis forms of retinal.
cytosolic retinal dehydrogenase activity
The interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes them to change their fates and specify the development of an organ.
aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate 6-semialdehyde + H+ = 2-aminomuconate 6-semialdehyde + CO2.
2-amino-3-(3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)but-2-enedioate carboxy-lyase (2-aminomuconate-semialdehyde-forming)
2-amino-3-(3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)but-2-enedioate carboxy-lyase activity
2-amino-3-(3-oxoprop-2-enyl)but-2-enedioate carboxy-lyase activity
alpha-amino-beta-carboxymuconate-epsilon-semialdehade decarboxylase activity
alpha-amino-beta-carboxymuconate-epsilon-semialdehyde beta-decarboxylase activity
beta-alanine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of beta-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-alanine is 3-aminopropanoic acid.
The directed movement of beta-alanine, 3-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes.
The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane raft, a small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalizes cellular processes.
The clustering and aggregation of a membrane into domains. This serves as a mechanism to compartmentalize cellular activities and to establish cell polarity.
The directed orientation of lymphocyte signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with an appropriate activating cell.
The directed orientation of T cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with antigen presenting cell.
The directed orientation of B cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient of a contact point with an antigen displaying cell.
establishment of natural killer cell polarity
The directed orientation of natural killer cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with a cell displaying natural killer cell activating ligands.
The formation of an area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and target cell, which facilitates activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.
An area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell formed through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and the target cell and facilitating activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.
The change in morphology and behavior of a dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
A multicellular organismal process by which exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand results in a change in the morphology or behavior of a cell.
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
The non-specific expansion of T cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of T cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.
The resealing of a cell plasma membrane after cellular wounding due to, for instance, mechanical stress.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell.
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of neutrophils such that the total number of neutrophils within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
Any apoptotic process in a neutrophil, any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.
neutrophil programmed cell death by apoptosis
programmed cell death of neutrophils by apoptosis
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
Any apoptotic process in a B cell, a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.
B cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
B-cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
B lymphocyte programmed cell death by apoptosis
B-lymphocyte programmed cell death by apoptosis
programmed cell death of B cells by apoptosis
programmed cell death of B-cells by apoptosis
programmed cell death of B lymphocytes by apoptosis
programmed cell death of B-lymphocytes by apoptosis
Binding to a phosphorylated tyrosine residue within a protein.
Combining with prostaglandin J (PGJ(2)), a metabolite of prostaglandin D (PGD(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.
Binding to phosphatidylserine, a class of glycophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.
The expansion of a natural killer cell population by cell division.
antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Cytolysis of target cells by natural killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, or macrophages following engagement of antibodies bound to the target cells by Fc receptors on the effector cells.
Binding to a J-chain-containing polymeric immunoglobulin of the IgA or IgM isotypes.
Binding to an immunoglobulin of the IgM isotype.
polymeric immunoglobulin receptor activity
Combining with a J-chain-containing polymeric immunoglobulin of the IgA or IgM isotypes via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with an immunoglobulin of the IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
An inflammatory response resulting in cell death mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis or cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell.
An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
negative regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
downregulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
down regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
down-regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
positive regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
stimulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
upregulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
up regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
up-regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
negative regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
downregulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
down regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
down-regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
positive regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
stimulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
upregulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
up regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
up-regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
An inflammatory response resulting from recognition of immune complexes via complement or Fc receptors on effector cells leading to activation of neutrophils and other leukocytes and damage to bystander tissue.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
negative regulation of type III hypersensitivity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
downregulation of type III hypersensitivity
down regulation of type III hypersensitivity
down-regulation of type III hypersensitivity
positive regulation of type III hypersensitivity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
stimulation of type III hypersensitivity
upregulation of type III hypersensitivity
up regulation of type III hypersensitivity
up-regulation of type III hypersensitivity
An inflammatory response driven by T cell recognition of processed soluble or cell-associated antigens leading to cytokine release and leukocyte activation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
negative regulation of type IV hypersensitivity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
downregulation of type IV hypersensitivity
down regulation of type IV hypersensitivity
down-regulation of type IV hypersensitivity
positive regulation of type IV hypersensitivity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
upregulation of type IV hypersensitivity
up regulation of type IV hypersensitivity
up-regulation of type IV hypersensitivity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
negative regulation of type I hypersensitivity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
downregulation of type I hypersensitivity
down regulation of type I hypersensitivity
down-regulation of type I hypersensitivity
positive regulation of type I hypersensitivity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
up regulation of type I hypersensitivity
up-regulation of type I hypersensitivity
regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
regulation of antibody dependent cell death
regulation of antibody-dependent cell death
regulation of antibody dependent cell killing
regulation of antibody-dependent cell killing
negative regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
downregulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
down regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
down-regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
inhibition of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
negative regulation of antibody dependent cell death
negative regulation of antibody-dependent cell death
negative regulation of antibody dependent cell killing
negative regulation of antibody-dependent cell killing
positive regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
activation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
positive regulation of antibody dependent cell death
positive regulation of antibody-dependent cell death
positive regulation of antibody dependent cell killing
positive regulation of antibody-dependent cell killing
stimulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
upregulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
up regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
up-regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine.
regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
negative regulation of cytokine production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of production of a cytokine.
downregulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
down regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
down-regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
inhibition of cytokine biosynthetic process
negative regulation of cytokine anabolism
negative regulation of cytokine biosynthesis
negative regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
negative regulation of cytokine formation
negative regulation of cytokine secretion
negative regulation of cytokine synthesis
positive regulation of cytokine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine.
positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
positive regulation of cytokine secretion
The regulated release of serotonin by a cell. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and some immune system cells.
The regulated release of histamine by a cell or tissue. It is formed by decarboxylation of histidine and it acts through receptors in smooth muscle and in secretory systems.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blastocyst over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm.
The initial formation of a blastocyst from a solid ball of cells known as a morula.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell.
The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become inner cell mass cells.
The morphogenesis of cells in the inner cell mass.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell.
The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become trophectoderm cells.
The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells.
An increase in size of a blastocyst due to expansion of the blastocoelic cavity cell shape changes and cell proliferation.
The proliferation of cells in the inner cell mass.
The proliferation of cells in the trophectoderm.
The hatching of the cellular blastocyst from the zona pellucida.
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
The process that results in the movement of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is part of the apoptotic signaling pathway and leads to caspase activation.
A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
mesenchymal cell differentiation from epithelial cell
The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the neural plate are generated and organized. The neural plate is a specialized region of columnar epithelial cells in the dorsal ectoderm that will give rise to nervous system tissue.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system.
The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system.
The process in which the neural fold is formed. The edges of the neural plate thicken and move up to form a U-shaped structure called the neural groove.
The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.
protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
The process in which a protein is incorporated into a mitochondrial membrane as the initial phase of the mitochondrial membrane permeabilization that takes place in the apoptotic signaling pathway.
insertion of proteins into mitochondrial membranes during the induction of apoptosis
protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane during induction of apoptosis
protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in induction of apoptosis
protein insertion into mitochondrion membrane during induction of apoptosis
The process that results in the fusion of a phagosome, a vesicle formed by phagocytosis, with a lysosome.
Binding to an opsonin, such as a complement component or antibody, deposited on the surface of a bacteria, virus, immune complex, or other particulate material.
Combining with an opsonin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Binding to a component or product of the complement cascade.
complement component C1q complex binding
Binding to a C1q complex, a component of the classical complement cascade.
Binding to a C3a product of the complement cascade.
Binding to a C3b product of the complement cascade.
Binding to a iC3b product of the complement cascade.
Binding to a C3dg product of the complement cascade.
Binding to a C3d product of the complement cascade.
Binding to a C4b product of the classical complement cascade.
Binding to a C5a product of the complement cascade.
complement component C1q receptor activity
Combining with the C1q complex, a component of the classical complement cascade, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
complement component iC3b receptor activity
Combining with the iC3b product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
complement component C3dg receptor activity
Combining with the C3dg product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
complement component C3d receptor activity
Combining with the C3d product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
complement component C4b receptor activity
Combining with the C4b product of the classical complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Binding to a collectin, a member of a group of structurally related pattern recognition molecules characterized by having a carbohydrate recognition domain of the C-type lectin family at the C-terminus and a collagenous domain at the N-terminus.
Combining with a collectin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Binding to a pentraxin, a member of a family of inflammatory proteins with a radially symmetric arrangement of five identical, noncovalently linked chains in a pentagonal array.
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a NK T cell.
The expansion of a NK T cell population by cell division.
Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the lectin pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.
regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the lectin pathway of complement activation.
regulation of complement cascade, lectin pathway
negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of complement activation by the lectin pathway.
downregulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
down regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
down-regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
inhibition of complement activation, lectin pathway
negative regulation of complement cascade, lectin pathway
positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the lectin pathway.
activation of complement activation, lectin pathway
positive regulation of complement cascade, lectin pathway
stimulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
upregulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
up regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
up-regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
OBSOLETE. Binding to a repeating or polymeric structure, such as a polysaccharide or peptidoglycan.
Combining with a polysaccharide and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
(1->3)-beta-D-glucan immune receptor activity
Combining with (1->3)-beta-D-glucans to initiate an innate immune response.
lipopolysaccharide immune receptor activity
Combining with a lipopolysaccharide and transmitting the signal across the cell membrane to initiate an innate immune response. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.
lipoarabinomannan immune receptor activity
Combining with lipoarabinomannan and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a yeast species.
The series of events in which a stimulus from a yeast is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The process in which the Mullerian ducts, primordia of the oviducts, uterus and upper vagina, undergo regression in male embryos.
The process that results in the return of receptor molecules to an active state and an active cellular location after they have been stimulated by a ligand. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive a signal.
Binding to a nucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.
Binding to a purine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.
Binding to a pyrimidine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.
The progression of an endothelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during the differentiation of an endothelial cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain selenium, such as selenocysteine.
glucuronyl-galactosyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan = UDP + alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan.
alpha1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
alpha-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I activity
glucuronosylgalactosyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan 4IV-alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan 4IV-alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
An invagination of the cell membrane formed by an actin dependent process during phagocytosis. Following internalization it is converted into a phagosome.
The embryonically driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
Maternally driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined tissue of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.
A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the retina of the eye, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.
A programmed cell death process observed in bacteria and filamentous fungi and leading to spontaneous death by lysis. Examples are lysis of the mother cell during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis and self-degradation of fungal cells in Aspergillus nidulans. Autolysis is also involved in bacterial biofilm formation.
The killing by an organism of a cell in its host organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by that organism of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade which can result in death of a target cell through cytolysis.
activation of terminal complement complex
activation of the terminal complement cascade
Any process in an organism that results in the killing of its own cells or those of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions.
Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The directed killing of a target cell by a leukocyte.
regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.
regulation of immune cell mediated cell death
regulation of immune cell mediated cell killing
regulation of immune cell mediated cytotoxicity
regulation of leucocyte mediated cytotoxicity
negative regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.
downregulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
down regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
down-regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
inhibition of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
negative regulation of immune cell mediated cytotoxicity
negative regulation of leucocyte mediated cytotoxicity
positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.
activation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
positive regulation of immune cell mediated cytotoxicity
positive regulation of leucocyte mediated cytotoxicity
stimulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
upregulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
up regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
up-regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
The directed killing of a target cell by a T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.
regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.
regulation of T cell mediated cell death
regulation of T-cell mediated cell death
regulation of T cell mediated cell killing
regulation of T-cell mediated cell killing
regulation of T-cell mediated cytotoxicity
regulation of T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity
regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity
negative regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.
downregulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
down regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
down-regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
inhibition of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
negative regulation of T cell mediated apoptosis
negative regulation of T-cell mediated apoptosis
negative regulation of T cell mediated cell death
negative regulation of T-cell mediated cell death
negative regulation of T cell mediated cell killing
negative regulation of T-cell mediated cell killing
negative regulation of T cell mediated cytolysis
negative regulation of T-cell mediated cytolysis
negative regulation of T-cell mediated cytotoxicity
negative regulation of T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.
activation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
positive regulation of T cell mediated apoptosis
positive regulation of T-cell mediated apoptosis
positive regulation of T cell mediated cell death
positive regulation of T-cell mediated cell death
positive regulation of T cell mediated cell killing
positive regulation of T-cell mediated cell killing
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytolysis
positive regulation of T-cell mediated cytolysis
positive regulation of T-cell mediated cytotoxicity
positive regulation of T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity
stimulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
upregulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
up regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
up-regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
The inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor containing mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of receptor recycling.
negative regulation of receptor recycling
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of receptor recycling.
positive regulation of receptor recycling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor recycling.
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells of the B-1 subset such that the total number of B-1 B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.
The process in which a hemopoietic stem cell acquires the specialized features of a B-1 B cell. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.
regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B-1 B cell differentiation. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.
regulation of B-1 B-cell differentiation
regulation of B-1 B lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of B-1 B-lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of B-1 B cell differentiation.
downregulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
down regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
down-regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
inhibition of B-1 B cell differentiation
negative regulation of B-1 B cell development
negative regulation of B-1 B-cell differentiation
negative regulation of B-1 B lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of B-1 B-lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B-1 B cell differentiation.
activation of B-1 B cell differentiation
positive regulation of B-1 B cell development
positive regulation of B-1 B-cell differentiation
positive regulation of B-1 B lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of B-1 B-lymphocyte differentiation
stimulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
upregulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
up regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
up-regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of various polypeptides into the exocyst complex.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocyst assembly.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of exocyst assembly.
Any process that increases the rate or extent of exocyst assembly.
A membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a cell in the process of migrating or being activated, found on the opposite side of the cell from the leading edge or immunological synapse, respectively.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein.
regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
negative regulation of protein phosphorylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
downregulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
down regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
down-regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
inhibition of protein amino acid phosphorylation
negative regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
activation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
stimulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
upregulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
up regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
up-regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.
regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
downregulation of endothelial cell proliferation
down regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
down-regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
activation of endothelial cell proliferation
stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation
upregulation of endothelial cell proliferation
up regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
up-regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
The pronucleus originating from the ovum that is being fertilized.
The pronucleus originating from the spermatozoa that was involved in fertilization.
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynaptic membrane, the specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft).
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hair follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A hair follicle is a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lymph vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Lymph vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing vessels.
The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a sebaceous gland cell.
obsolete plasma membrane enriched fraction
OBSOLETE. The fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that is enriched for plasma membranes.
Uptake of D-glucose into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to the extracellular matrix.
negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.
positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state.
positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter.
activation of neurotransmitter secretion
stimulation of neurotransmitter secretion
upregulation of neurotransmitter secretion
up regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
up-regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells.
Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage.
regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway
regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
regulation of cytokine mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
downregulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of cytokine mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
activation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of cytokine mediated signalling pathway
stimulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule, such as GDP-galactose or UDP-galactose, to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3) linkage.
The vesicular release of dopamine. from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
An action or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected stimulus.
Binding to a G-protein alpha subunit. The alpha subunit binds a guanine nucleotide.
The directed movement of an animal in response to touch.
taxis in response to mechanical stimulus
Specific behavior of a newborn or infant mammal that results in the derivation of nourishment from the breast.
Binding to a fibronectin, a group of related adhesive glycoproteins of high molecular weight found on the surface of animal cells, connective tissue matrices, and in extracellular fluids.
regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.
regulation of activation of terminal complement complex
regulation of activation of the terminal complement cascade
regulation of membrane attack complex assembly
regulation of membrane attack complex formation
positive regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.
activation of activation of membrane attack complex
positive regulation of activation of MAC
positive regulation of activation of TCC
positive regulation of activation of terminal complement complex
positive regulation of activation of the terminal complement cascade
positive regulation of membrane attack complex assembly
positive regulation of membrane attack complex formation
stimulation of activation of membrane attack complex
upregulation of activation of membrane attack complex
up regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
up-regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.
downregulation of activation of membrane attack complex
down regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
down-regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
inhibition of activation of membrane attack complex
negative regulation of activation of MAC
negative regulation of activation of TCC
negative regulation of activation of terminal complement complex
negative regulation of activation of the terminal complement cascade
negative regulation of membrane attack complex assembly
negative regulation of membrane attack complex formation
Binding to retinoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid.
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to extracellular adenosine and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity.
adenosine receptor signaling pathway, G-protein coupled
The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amphetamine stimulus. Amphetamines consist of a group of compounds related to alpha-methylphenethylamine.
nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of stimuli and a neurological response.
blood pressure regulation by neurological process
neurological process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
neurological system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
renal system process involved in regulation of blood volume
A slow mechanism of blood pressure regulation that responds to changes in pressure resulting from fluid and salt intake by modulating the quantity of blood in the circulatory system.
renal blood volume control of blood pressure
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid sinus baroreceptor feedback
The process that modulates blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in large arteries and responding to the input via central nervous system control.
baroreceptor feedback control of blood pressure
carotid sinus baroreceptor feedback regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling
The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the carotid and aortic bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.
chemoreceptor regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by chemoreceptor signalling
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by ischemic conditions
The process that modulates blood pressure by the detection of carbon dioxide levels in the brain stem. Increased levels activate the sympathetic vasoconstrictor mechanism increasing the force with which blood flows through the circulatory system.
ischemic regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
baroreceptor detection of arterial stretch
The series of events by which the change in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.
baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure
The lowering of the number of nerve impulses from baroreceptors as a result of decreased stretch of an artery that results in an increased in sympathetic nerve impulses to peripheral blood vessels.
baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure
The increase in nerve impulses from baroreceptors as a result of increased pressure on an artery that results in an inhibition of sympathetic nerve impulses to peripheral blood vessels.
artery vasodilation involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure
An increase in the internal diameter of an artery, triggered by vasomotor suppression, during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
vasodilation of artery involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure
negative regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.
downregulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure
down regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure
down-regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure
inhibition of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure
negative control of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure
negative regulation of cardiac contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure
negative regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure
negative regulation of the force of heart contraction involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure
Any process that decreases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.
decreased force of heart contraction during baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure
decreased strength of cardiac contraction during baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure
vasoconstriction of artery involved in baroreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure
A process that is triggered by vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
positive regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
activation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
positive control of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
positive regulation of cardiac contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
positive regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
stimulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
upregulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
up regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
up-regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction involved in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure
Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as part of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
increased force of heart contraction during baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure
increased strength of cardiac contraction during baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction during baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone
The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory renin-angiotensin
The process in which angiotensinogen metabolites in the bloodstream modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. The process begins when renin is released and cleaves angiotensinogen.
circulatory renin-angiotensin blood pressure regulation
circulatory renin-angiotensin control of blood pressure
circulatory renin-angiotensin regulation of blood pressure
control of blood pressure by circulatory renin-angiotensin
renin-angiotensin blood pressure control
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by vasopressin
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule vasopressin. Vasopressin is produced in the hypothalamus, and affects vasoconstriction, and renal water transport.
blood pressure regulation by vasopressin
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by norepinephrine-epinephrine
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine or epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.
noradrenaline-adrenaline regulation of blood pressure
norepinephrine-epinephrine blood pressure control
norepinephrine-epinephrine blood pressure regulation
norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
A process that results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to decreased blood pressure.
noradrenaline-adrenaline vasoconstriction involved in regulation of blood pressure
norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction during blood pressure control
norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction during blood pressure regulation
norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction during control of blood pressure
norepinephrine-epinephrine catabolic process in blood stream
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine or epinephrine in the bloodstream.
noradrenaline-adrenalin catabolic process in blood stream
positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
The process in which the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream activates, maintains or increases the rate of heart contraction.
activation of heart contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
increased chronotropy by epinephrine-norepinephrine
positive control of heart contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
positive regulation of cardiac contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
positive regulation of heart contraction rate by adrenaline-noradrenaline
positive regulation of heart contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
stimulation of heart contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
upregulation of heart contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
up regulation of heart contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
up-regulation of heart contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine
Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream or released from the nerve endings.
increased force of heart contraction by adrenaline-noradrenaline
increased force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine
increased inotropy by epinephrine-norepinephrine
increased strength of cardiac contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine
positive regulation of heart contraction by adrenaline-noradrenaline
positive regulation of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine
angiotensin-mediated vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
The decrease in blood vessel diameter as a result of the release of angiotensin into the blood stream.
angiotensin mediated vasoconstriction during blood pressure control
angiotensin mediated vasoconstriction during blood pressure regulation
angiotensin mediated vasoconstriction during control of blood pressure
angiotensin mediated vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
renal response to blood flow involved in circulatory renin-angiotensin regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
The physiological response of the kidneys to a decrease in blood flow.
renal response to blood flow during renin-angiotensin control of blood pressure
The process in which the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys receive information about the amount of blood flowing through the arterioles and converts the information to a molecular signal.
The regulated release of renin into the blood stream by juxtoglomerular cells.
regulation of angiotensin levels in blood
The process that modulates the level of any of the various angiotensinogen proteolytic products in the blood. This occurs by the proteolytic cleavage of angiotensinogen, and its proteolytic products, to create a variety of active peptide hormones, such as angiotensin I and angiotensin II, as well as through the removal of these peptides from the circulation.
The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of angiotensin by conversion of angiotensinogen into mature angiotensin in the blood.
secretion of vasopressin involved in fast regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
The regulated release of the hormone vasopressin into the blood stream by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland contributing to fast regulation of blood pressure.
secretion of vasopressin during fast control of blood pressure
secretion of vasopressin during fast regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
vasoconstriction by vasopressin involved in systemic arterial blood pressure control
The decrease in blood vessel diameter as a result of the release of vasopressin into the blood stream.
vasopressin mediated vasoconstriction involved in systemic arterial blood pressure control
detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by chemoreceptor signaling
The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.
detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by chemoreceptor signalling
excitation of vasomotor center by chemoreceptor signaling
The process in which the molecular signal from the carotid and aortic bodies is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure.
excitation of vasomotor center by chemoreceptor signalling
The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.
excitation of vasomotor center by baroreceptor signaling
The process in which the molecular signal from the arterial baroreceptors is relayed to the vasomotor center causing it to signal increase arterial pressure.
excitation of vasomotor center by baroreceptor signalling
The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells.
vasoconstriction of artery involved in chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure
A process that is triggered by vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
detection of carbon dioxide by vasomotor center
The process by a carbon dioxide stimulus is received and converted to a molecular signal by the vasomotor center of the central nervous system.
vasoconstriction of artery involved in ischemic response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure
The vasoconstriction that is triggered by vasomotor excitation resulting from the detection of high carbon dioxide levels in the vasomotor center of the central nervous system.
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by atrial baroreceptor feedback
A process that controls blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in the atria.
atrial baroreceptor regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
atrial low pressure baroreceptor regulation of blood pressure
regulation of blood volume by renin-angiotensin
The process in which the renin-angiotensin system controls the rate of fluid intake and output into the blood.
renin-angiotensin control of body fluid levels
renin-angiotensin regulation of blood volume
regulation of blood volume by renal aldosterone
The process in which the hormone aldosterone decreases the rate of diuresis and natriuresis resulting in increased blood volume.
aldosterone mediated control of body fluids
aldosterone mediated regulation of blood volume
renal regulation of blood volume by aldosterone
renin-angiotensin regulation of aldosterone production
The process in which an increase in active angiotensin stimulates the adrenal cortices to secrete aldosterone.
renin-angiotensin control of aldosterone production
regulation of renal output by angiotensin
The process in which angiotensin directly modulates the rate of urine output by the kidney.
angiotensin mediated control of renal output
angiotensin mediated regulation of renal output
angiotensin-mediated regulation of renal output
The physiological process in which dietary excess is sensed by the central nervous system, resulting in a reduction in food intake and increased energy expenditure.
The neurological process in which the brain senses excessive caloric intake.
reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess
An eating behavior process whereby detection of a dietary excess results in a decrease in intake of nutrients.
The process that results in increased metabolic rate in tissues of an organism. It is triggered by the detection of dietary excess. This process is achieved via signalling in the sympathetic nervous system.
norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
A process that results in an increase in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to blood pressure change.
noradrenaline-adrenaline vasodilation involved in regulation of blood pressure
norepinephrine-epinephrine vasodilation during blood pressure regulation
vasodilation by norepinephrine-epinephrine involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
regulation of the force of heart contraction
Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
The process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway after prolonged stimulation with an agonist of the pathway.
desensitisation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation
The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G protein-coupled receptor by addition of a phosphate group to its third intracellular loop consensus site.
inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation
G protein-coupled receptor internalization
The process that results in the uptake of a G protein-coupled receptor into an endocytic vesicle.
G-protein coupled receptor internalization
desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway by arrestin
The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G protein-coupled receptor by uncoupling the receptor from its downstream G proteins.
arrestin mediated desensitisation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
arrestin mediated desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
arrestin-mediated desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway by arrestin
angiotensin-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
The process that increases the diameter of a blood vessel via the renin-angiotensin system.
vasodilation by angiotensin involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
maintenance of blood vessel diameter homeostasis by renin-angiotensin
The process in which the diameter of a blood vessel is changed due to activity of the renin-angiotensin system.
regulation of blood vessel diameter by renin-angiotensin
regulation of blood vessel size by renin-angiotensin
renin-angiotensin regulation of blood vessel size
The process in which an angiotensin-mediated signaling system present in the brain regulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.
regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell.
negative regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell.
down regulation of L-glutamate transport
down-regulation of L-glutamate transport
negative regulation of L-glutamate import
negative regulation of L-glutamate transport
negative regulation of L-glutamate uptake
positive regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell.
positive regulation of L-glutamate import
positive regulation of L-glutamate transport
positive regulation of L-glutamate uptake
Binding to one of the p53 family of proteins.
The extension of new blood vessels from existing vessels into avascular tissues, this process includes the specialization of endothelial cells into leading tip and stalk cells, proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells and cell adhesion resulting in angiogenic sprout fusion or lumen formation.
The formation of new blood vessels as a result of the insertion and extension of lumenal tissue pillars.
cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis
The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels involved in sprouting angiogenesis.
blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis
The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population contributing to sprouting angiogenesis.
blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation during sprouting angiogenesis
blood vessel endothelial cell migration involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis
The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during intussusceptive angiogenesis.
regulation of cell adhesion involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis
The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a blood vessel endothelial cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis.
Binding to an opsin, any of a group of hydrophobic, integral membrane glycoproteins located primarily in the disc membrane of rods or cones, involved in photoreception.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenazine antibiotic, a polycyclic pyrazine with two nitrogen atoms in the ring.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderochrome pyoverdine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderochrome pyoverdine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyoverdine.
The commitment of mesenchymal cells to the specific cell fate of an osteoblast. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.
positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation.
upregulation of neuroblast proliferation
up regulation of neuroblast proliferation
up-regulation of neuroblast proliferation
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.
activation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
stimulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
upregulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
up regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
up-regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
Binding to a nucleobase, any of a class of pyrmidines or purines, organic nitrogenous bases.
Binding to a purine nucleobase, an organic nitrogenous base with a purine skeleton.
Binding to a pyrimidine nucleobase, an organic nitrogenous base with a pyrimidine skeleton.
The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
glandular epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glandular epithelial cell. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glandular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.
columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation
The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.
optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-type eye development
The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-style eye development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somitomeric trunk muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an osteoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Osteoblast development does not include the steps involved in committing a cranial neural crest cell or an osteoprogenitor cell to an osteoblast fate. An osteoblast is a cell that gives rise to bone.
The proteolytic digestion of components in the acrosomal matrix that occurs as part of the acrosome reaction. The process can occur either in the cumulus oophorous facilitating the penetration of it by the sperm, or at the zona pellucida allowing the sperm to reach the plasma membrane of the egg where the inner acrosomal membrane of the sperm can interact with the egg plasma membrane.
membrane fusion involved in acrosome reaction
The fusion of the plasma membrane of the sperm with the outer acrosomal membrane.
membrane fusion involved in the acrosomal reaction
The acrosomal membrane region that underlies the acrosomal vesicle and is located toward the sperm nucleus. This region is responsible for molecular interactions allowing the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and fuses with the egg plasma membrane.
The membrane that surrounds the acrosomal lumen. The acrosome is a special type of lysosome in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization.
The acrosomal membrane region that underlies the plasma membrane of the sperm. This membrane fuses with the sperm plasma membrane as part of the acrosome reaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.
4-hydroxybenzoate decaprenyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoate = 3-decaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.
The removal of palymitoyl groups from a lipoprotein.
inhibition of neuroepithelial cell differentiation
Any process that prevents the activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. Neuroepithelial cell differentiation is the process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.
negative regulation of neural plate formation
repression of premature neural plate formation
A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the diaphragm. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The diaphragm is a striated muscle that is necessary for the process of respiratory gaseous exchange.
regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system process
A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates.
regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by neurological system process
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.
negative regulation of receptor internalization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.
downregulation of receptor internalization
down regulation of receptor internalization
down-regulation of receptor internalization
positive regulation of receptor internalization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.
upregulation of receptor internalization
up regulation of receptor internalization
up-regulation of receptor internalization
Any process that alters the size or shape of an auditory receptor cell.
Catalysis of the transfer of multiple prenyl groups from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
caveolar macromolecular signaling complex
A complex composed of proteins required for beta adrenergic receptor activation of protein kinase A. It includes the Cav 12. subunit of L-type calcium channel, protein kinase A regulatory subunit 2(PKAR2), adenyl cyclase, beta-adrenergic receptor, G-alpha-S, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and caveolin 3 (CAV3).
caveolar macromolecular signalling complex
A punctate, filamentous structure composed of Bcl10 that appears in the cytoplasm of T-cells shortly after T-cell receptor stimulation. Polkadots stands for Punctate Oligomeric Killing and Activating DOmains Transducing Signals.
The process in which the nucleotide at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.
The process in which a uridine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.
The process in which a guanine in t position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.
tRNA wobble adenosine to inosine editing
The process in which an adenosine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally converted to inosine.
The process in which a cytosine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.
An actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell, contain an F-actin-rich core surrounded by a ring structure containing proteins such as vinculin and talin, and have a diameter of 0.5 mm.
endonucleolytic cleavage of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with four genes, in this order, are produced in the chloroplasts of vascular plants. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
endonucleolytic cleaveage between 4.5S rRNA and 5S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5S rRNA and the 4.5S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
endonucleolytic cleaveage between LSU-rRNA and 4.5S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavage between the LSU-rRNA and the 4.5S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
endonucleolytic cleaveage between SSU-rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)
Endonucleolytic cleavages between the SSU-rRNA and the LSU-rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. These cleavages liberate tRNAs from the polycistronic transcript as well as separating the SSU and LSU containing transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
generation of mature 3'-end of 5S rRNA generated by RNA polymerase III
The removal of extra uridine residues from the 3' end of a 5S pre-rRNA generated by transcription by RNA polymerase III to generate the mature 3'-end.
maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S)
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S)
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
cotranscriptional mitochondrial rRNA nucleotide insertion
The insertion of one or two non-coded nucleotides during the transcription of a mitochondrial rRNA. Such additions are known to occur in myxomycetes such as Physarum, Didymium, and Stemonitis.
A heterodimeric complex of BRCA2 and BRAF35 (BRCA2-associated factor 35). The BRCA2-BRAF35 complex is often associated with condensed chromatin during mitosis.
Combining with interleukin-33 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
A calcium ion entry mechanism in the plasma membrane activated by the depletion of calcium ion from the internal calcium ion store in the endoplasmic reticulum.
A stable binary complex of a neurophilin and a plexin, together forming a functional semaphorin receptor.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the amphibian larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Amphibian larvae, sometimes called pollywogs or tadpoles, hatch from eggs and begin to grow limbs and other adult physical features at various times, depending on the species, before they metamorphose into the adult form.
A behavioral interaction between organisms in which one organism has the intention of inflicting physical damage on another individual.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.
OBSOLETE. Aggressive behavior involving attack on prey by a predator.
Aggressive behavior based on competition between males of the same species over access to resources such as females, dominance, status, etc. and characterized by noise, threats, and is often less injurious.
Aggressive behavior associated with attempts to flee from a threat.
Aggressive behavior induced by frustration and directed against an available target.
Aggressive behavior performed in defence of a fixed area against intruders, typically conspecifics.
Aggressive behavior of a female to protect her offspring from a threat.
Aggressive behavior directed towards obtaining some goal, considered to be a learned response to a situation.
The process in which the base of cytosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the C5 position.
The process that results in the modification of the sugar of a nucleoside in tRNA at the 2'O position.
wobble position guanine ribose methylation
The process in which the ribose of guanosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.
The process in which the ribose base of the nucleotide at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'O position.
wobble position cytosine ribose methylation
The process in which the ribose of cytidine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.
wobble position uridine ribose methylation
The process in which the ribose of uridine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.
A stable heterodimeric complex composed of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2.
Binding to UTP, uridine 5'-triphosphate.
Binding to CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.
The process in which the carbonyl of cytosine at position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally replaced by lysine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.
A structure involved in coupling stereocilia to one another in sensory hair cells There are four morphologically distinct types: tip links, horizontal top connectors, shaft connectors and ankle links. Tip links and horizontal top connectors are the only inter-stereocilia links associated with mature cochlea, whereas ankle links appear during development of the auditory hair bundle.
A stereocilia link that is formed by a fine filament running more or less vertically upward from the tip of each shorter stereocilium to attach at a higher point on its adjacent taller neighbor. Tilting the bundle puts tension on the filaments, which pull on mechanically gated ion channels in the membrane of the stereocilia.
A stereocilia coupling link that is composed of a fine filament present in developing stereocilia that couples the bases of individual stereocilia to one another. They are not present in mature stereocilia.
A complex of proteins that connect growing stereocilia in developing cochlear hair cells, composed of Vlgr1, usherin, vezatin, and whirlin.
The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.
cytosolic tRNA wobble base thiouridylase complex
A complex of two proteins involved in the thiolation of uridine 34 (U34) of tRNAs decoding two-family box triplets.
4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine pyrophosphate + H2O = hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate + phosphate + H+.
obsolete steroid hormone receptor import into nucleus
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a steroid hormone receptor into the nucleus.
obsolete glucocorticoid receptor import into nucleus
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a glucocorticoid receptor into the nucleus.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypochlorous acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypochlorous acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypochlorous acid.
Binding to a G-quadruplex RNA structure, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad.
The process in which bile acids are covalently linked to taurine or glycine.
steroid receptor RNA activator RNA binding
Binding to a steroid receptor RNA activator RNA (SRA). SRA enhances steroid hormone receptor transcriptional activity as an RNA transcript by an indirect mechanism that does not involve SRA-steroid receptor binding.
thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a thyroid hormone.
thyroid hormone mediated signalling pathway
regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.
negative regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signalling pathway
The multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, which typically differentiates from monocytes.
A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.
The maintenance of a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junctions found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an interspace of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.
The hydrolysis of an incorrectly aminoacylated tRNA.
Binding to dystroglycan, a glycoprotein found in non-muscle tissues as well as in muscle tissues, often in association with dystrophin. The native dystroglycan cleaved into two non-covalently associated subunits, alpha (N-terminal) and beta (C-terminal).
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the instar larva or pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
A ternary complex consisting of VRK3, VHR (Dusp3), and ERK1 (Mapk3) existing in neuronal cells, and is involved in regulation of the ERK signaling pathway.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This begins with the newly hatched first-instar larva, through its maturation to the end of the last larval stage. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase complex, mitochondrial
A mitochondrial protein complex which is capable of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase activity. In mammals, at least, consists as a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. MCCC-alpha has a covalently bound biotin essential for the ATP-dependent carboxylation. MCCC-beta possesses carboxyltransferase activity which presumably is essential for binding to 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA.
mitochondrial 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase holoenzyme
mitochondrial methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase complex
Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
The expansion of a mammary stem cell population by cell division. Mammary stem cells are a source of cells for growth of the mammary gland during puberty and gestation. These cells can give rise to both the luminal and myoepithelial cell types of the gland, and can regenerate the entire organ.
protein localization to paranode region of axon
A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the paranode region of an axon.
protein localisation to paranode region of axon
The multiplication or reproduction of male germ cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
A tubular array of microtubules that extends from the perinuclear ring surrounding the spermatid nucleus to the flagellar axoneme. The manchette may also contain F-actin filaments.
A protein complex with palmitoyltransferase activity.
homodimeric serine palmitoyltransferase complex
A homodimeric complex which transfers a palmitoyl group onto serine, forming 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine.
An nuclear membrane protein complex having arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in the cytoplasm. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in the cytoplasm.
The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in the cytoplasm. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA or circRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.
The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in the cytoplasm, usually in response to a termination codon.
A protein complex having creatine kinase activity.
A dimeric protein complex having creatine kinase activity.
An octomeric protein complex having creatine kinase activity.
A gene-specific translational control mechanism where the small ribosomal subunit remains attached to the mRNA following termination of translation, then resumes scanning on the same mRNA molecule and initiates again at a downstream start site. Reinitiation depends on de novo recruitment of the ternary complex that is required to recognize the next AUG codon.
ribose phosphate diphosphokinase complex
A protein complex having ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity.
phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase complex
cap-independent translational initiation
The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits in a Cap and 5' end independent fashion before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA or circRNA translation.
The process where the cap structure, composed of a 7- methylguanosine (m7G) group and associated cap-binding proteins, located at the 5' end of an mRNA molecule, which serves as a molecular tag that marks the spot where the 40S ribosomal subunit, is recruited and will then scan in a 5' to 3' direction until an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA translation.
IRES-dependent translational initiation of linear mRNA
The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits via an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate linear mRNA translation.
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-1 (MAML1); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
The orderly movement of a hepatocyte during the development of the liver. Hepatocytes emerge from the hepatic epithelium, populating the septum transversum and lateral mesenchymal areas of the hepatic lobes.
2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine-tRNA biosynthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways involved in the biosynthesis of 2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine (ms2io6A), a modified nucleoside present in position 37 (adjacent to and 3' of the anticodon) of tRNAs.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala).
A homodimeric protein complex having xanthine dehydrogenase activity.
obsolete S/G2 transition of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. The transition from a cell in the S phase to the G2 phase.
A multisubunit complex comprising the chaperonin-containing T-complex and several other components involved in mediating sperm-oocyte Interaction.
somatic diversification of immune receptors
The somatic process allowing for the production of immune receptors whose specificity is not encoded in the germline genomic sequences.
somatic diversification of DSCAM-based immune receptors
The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the DSCAM-based immune receptors of insects.
somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors of jawless fish
The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) of jawless fish.
proteolysis by cytosolic proteases associated with antigen processing and presentation
The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by cytosolic resident proteases during antigen processing and presentation.
somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response
The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.
somatic recombination of antibody genes during immune response
somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes during immune response
somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response
Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.
somatic hypermutation of antibody genes during immune response
somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes during immune response
The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion.
gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response
The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.
gene conversion of antibody genes during immune response
gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes during immune response
somatic diversification of immunoglobulins involved in immune response
The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins after induction, and contributes to an immune response.
somatic diversification of antibodies during immune response
somatic diversification of immunoglobulins during immune response
A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat to that organism.
A behavioral response resulting from wounding.
A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism.
A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes to that organism.
behavioural defense response to nematode
A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism.
physiological defense response to insect
A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes, which results in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.
physiological defense response to nematode
Any process that initiates an innate immune response. Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. Examples of this process include activation of the hypersensitive response of Arabidopsis thaliana and activation of any NOD or TLR signaling pathway in vertebrate species.
innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor that leads to the activation of an innate immune response.
activation of innate immune response by cell surface receptor signaling pathway
innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signalling pathway
pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells.
stimulatory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor capable of cellular activation.
stimulatory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signalling pathway
stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of C-type lectin to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and resulting in cellular activation.
stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway
stimulatory Ly49 family receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like receptor of a target cell. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.
positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production.
activation of antimicrobial peptide production
stimulation of antimicrobial peptide production
upregulation of antimicrobial peptide production
up regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
up-regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
Any process of the innate immune response that takes place in the mucosal tissues.
The promotion of an immune response by natural killer cells through direct recognition of target cells or through the release of cytokines.
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of oomycetes that act to protect the cell or organism.
positive regulation of defense response to virus by host
Any host process that results in the promotion of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby limiting viral replication.
activation of antiviral response by host
positive regulation of antiviral response by host
stimulation of antiviral response by host
upregulation of antiviral response by host
up regulation of antiviral response by host
up-regulation of antiviral response by host
The series of events in which a stimulus from an oomycetes is received and converted into a molecular signal.
leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response
The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus contributing to an inflammatory response.
immune cell chemotaxis during inflammatory response
leucocyte chemotaxis during inflammatory response
leukocyte chemotaxis during inflammatory response
leukocyte chemotaxis involved in immune response
The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus a part of an immune response.
immune cell chemotaxis during immune response
leucocyte chemotaxis during immune response
detection of endoplasmic reticulum overloading
The series of events in which a stimulus generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events in which an unfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events in which a misfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
response to molecule of bacterial origin
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.
response to bacteria associated molecule
response to bacterial associated molecule
response to bacterium associated molecule
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of fungal origin such as chito-octamer oligosaccharide.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an oomycetes.
response to molecule of oomycetes origin
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin.
response to oomycetes associated molecule
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a parasitic plant.
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a parasitic plant that act to protect an organism.
The series of events in which a stimulus from a parasitic plant is received and converted into a molecular signal.
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells.
haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
wound healing involved in inflammatory response
The series of events that restore integrity to damaged tissue that contribute to an inflammatory response.
clearance of damaged tissue involved in inflammatory response wound healing
The series of events leading to removal of necrotic debris that contribute to an inflammatory response.
clearance of damaged tissue during inflammatory response
connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared, as part of an inflammatory response.
connective tissue replacement during inflammatory response
Any process contributing to lymphocyte anergy, a state of functional inactivation.
An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigens produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).
organ or tissue specific immune response
An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues.
Any process of the immune system that executes a component of an immune response. An effector immune process takes place after its activation.
Any process that initiates an immune response.
A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell that occur as a result of by-products of tissue damage, including collagen, cartilage, and basement membrane. The ultimate product of the kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.
A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell initiated by the action of tissue (glandular) kallikreins on low molecular weight kininogen in response to tissue damage. Tissue kallikreins are present in glandular tissues and their fluids, such as the salivary glands, sweat glands, pancreas, and kidney. The ultimate products of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the kinin cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the kinin cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the kinin cascade.
endothelial cell activation within high endothelial venule involved in immune response
A change in the morphology or behavior of an endothelial cell within a high endothelial venule resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
endothelial cell activation within high endothelial venule during immune response
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within the mucosal tissue of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
cell activation involved in immune response
A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
endothelial cell activation involved in immune response
A change in the morphology or behavior of an endothelial cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
endothelial cell activation during immune response
astrocyte activation involved in immune response
A change in the morphology or behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
astrocyte activation during immune response
A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
follicular dendritic cell activation involved in immune response
A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
follicular dendritic cell activation during immune response
follicular dendritic cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a follicular dendritic cell.
leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response
A change in the morphology or behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an inflammatory response.
immune cell activation during inflammatory response
leukocyte activation during inflammatory response
A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation involved in immune response
A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation during immune response
plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation involved in immune response
The process in which an immature plasmacytoid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature plasmacytoid dendritic cell contributing to an immune response.
plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation during immune response
plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell.
A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
myeloid cell activation involved in immune response
A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
myeloid cell activation during immune response
basophil activation involved in immune response
A change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
basophil activation during immune response
myeloid dendritic cell activation involved in immune response
The change in morphology and behavior of a myeloid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
myeloid dendritic cell activation during immune response
eosinophil activation involved in immune response
The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
eosinophil activation during immune response
mast cell activation involved in immune response
The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
mast cell activation during immune response
monocyte activation involved in immune response
The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
monocyte activation during immune response
macrophage activation involved in immune response
A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
macrophage activation during immune response
macrophage polarization involved in immune response
microglial cell activation involved in immune response
The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
microglial cell activation during immune response
neutrophil activation involved in immune response
The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
neutrophil activation during immune response
myeloid dendritic cell differentiation involved in immune response
The process in which an immature myeloid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature myeloid dendritic cell as part of an immune response.
myeloid dendritic cell differentiation during immune response
lymphocyte activation involved in immune response
A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
lymphocyte activation during immune response
T cell activation involved in immune response
The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
T cell activation during immune response
T-cell activation during immune response
T lymphocyte activation during immune response
T-lymphocyte activation during immune response
alpha-beta T cell activation involved in immune response
The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
alpha-beta T cell activation during immune response
alpha-beta T-cell activation during immune response
alpha-beta T lymphocyte activation during immune response
alpha-beta T-lymphocyte activation during immune response
NK T cell activation involved in immune response
The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature natural killer T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
natural killer T-cell activation during immune response
natural killer T lymphocyte activation during immune response
natural killer T-lymphocyte activation during immune response
NK T cell activation during immune response
NK T-cell activation during immune response
NK T lymphocyte activation during immune response
NK T-lymphocyte activation during immune response
NK T cell proliferation involved in immune response
The expansion of a NK T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.
natural killer T-cell proliferation during immune response
natural killer T lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
natural killer T-lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
NK T cell proliferation during immune response
NK T-cell proliferation during immune response
NK T lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
NK T-lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response
The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
gamma-delta T cell activation during immune response
gamma-delta T-cell activation during immune response
gamma-delta T lymphocyte activation during immune response
gamma-delta T-lymphocyte activation during immune response
T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to an antigen for which its T cell receptor is specific bound to an MHC molecule on an antigen presenting cell, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
T-cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
T lymphocyte activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
T-lymphocyte activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
T cell differentiation involved in immune response
The process in which an antigenically naive T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.
T cell development involved in immune response
T cell differentiation during immune response
T-cell differentiation during immune response
T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response
The process in which an antigenically naive alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell during an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.
alpha-beta T cell development involved in immune response
alpha-beta T cell differentiation during immune response
alpha-beta T-cell differentiation during immune response
alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response
The process in which an antigenically naive CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell development involved in immune response
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation during immune response
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell differentiation during immune response
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote various immunological processes.
The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 1 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote immunological processes often associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis.
The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 2 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote immunological processes often associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths, enhanced production of particular antibody isotypes, and pathological conditions such as allergy.
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response
The process in which an antigenically naive CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell as part of an immune response.
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation during immune response
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta T cell development involved in immune response
alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell development
alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell differentiation
alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte differentiation
alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte differentiation
CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell development
CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell differentiation
CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte differentiation
CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte differentiation
CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell development
CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell differentiation
CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte differentiation
CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte differentiation
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response
The process in which an antigenically naive CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation during immune response
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell differentiation during immune response
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
gamma-delta T cell differentiation involved in immune response
The process in which an antigenically naive gamma-delta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell and contributes to an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.
gamma-delta T cell development involved in immune response
gamma-delta T cell differentiation during immune response
gamma-delta T-cell differentiation during immune response
gamma-delta T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
gamma-delta T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell development
gamma-delta intraepithelial T-cell differentiation
gamma-delta intraepithelial T lymphocyte differentiation
gamma-delta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte differentiation
CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell development
CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-cell differentiation
CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T lymphocyte differentiation
CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte differentiation
CD4-positive gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell development
CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-cell differentiation
CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T lymphocyte differentiation
CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte differentiation
CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.
CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell development
CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation
CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell differentiation
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell.
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell development
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-cell differentiation
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T lymphocyte differentiation
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-lymphocyte differentiation
T cell proliferation involved in immune response
The expansion of a T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.
T cell proliferation during immune response
T-cell proliferation during immune response
T lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
T-lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
alpha-beta T cell proliferation involved in immune response
The expansion of an alpha-beta T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.
alpha-beta T cell proliferation during immune response
alpha-beta T-cell proliferation during immune response
alpha-beta T lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
alpha-beta T-lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
gamma-delta T cell proliferation involved in immune response
The expansion of a gamma-delta T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.
gamma-delta T cell proliferation during immune response
gamma-delta T-cell proliferation during immune response
gamma-delta T lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
gamma-delta T-lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
B cell activation involved in immune response
The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell during an immune response, resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
B cell activation during immune response
B-cell activation during immune response
B lymphocyte activation during immune response
B-lymphocyte activation during immune response
mature B cell differentiation involved in immune response
The process in which a naive B cell acquires the specialized features of a mature or memory B cell during an immune response.
mature B cell development involved in immune response
mature B cell differentiation during immune response
mature B-cell differentiation during immune response
mature B lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
mature B-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a germinal center B cell. Germinal center B cells are rapidly cycling B cells which have downregulated IgD expression and exhibit high levels of binding by peanut agglutinin (PNA).
germinal center B lymphocyte differentiation
germinal center B-lymphocyte differentiation
The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a marginal zone B cell. Marginal zone B cells are localized in a distinct anatomical region of the spleen that represents the major antigen-filtering and scavenging area (by specialized macrophages resident there). It appears that they are preselected to express a BCR repertoire similar to B-1 B cells, biased toward bacterial cell wall constituents and senescent self-components (such as oxidized LDL).
marginal zone B lymphocyte differentiation
marginal zone B-lymphocyte differentiation
The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a follicular B cell. Follicular B cells are major population of mature recirculating B cells in the spleen and are located in the B-cell follicle region.
The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a plasma cell. A plasma cell is a lymphocyte which develops from a B cell and produces high amounts of antibody.
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a myeloid progenitor cell. Myeloid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the myeloid lineages.
The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a memory B cell. Memory B cells are cells that can respond rapidly to antigen re-exposure by production of high-affinity antibody.
lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a lymphoid progenitor cell. Lymphoid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the lymphoid lineages.
natural killer cell progenitor differentiation
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell progenitor.
B cell proliferation involved in immune response
The expansion of a B cell population by cell division following B cell activation during an immune response.
B cell proliferation during immune response
B-cell proliferation during immune response
B lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
B-lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response
The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell resulting from exposure a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
natural killer cell activation during immune response
NK cell activation during immune response
natural killer cell proliferation involved in immune response
The expansion of a natural killer cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.
natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
NK cell proliferation during immune response
natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response
The process in which a naive natural killer cell acquires the specialized features of an effector natural killer T cell as part of an immune response.
natural killer cell development involved in immune response
natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
NK cell differentiation during immune response
The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to become any type of B cell.
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an immature B cell.
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-B cell. Pro-B cells are the earliest stage of the B cell lineage and undergo heavy chain D and J gene rearrangements, although they are not fully committed.
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pre-B cell. Pre-B cells follow the pro-B cell stage of immature B cell differentiation and undergo rearrangement of heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments.
The process leading up to expression of the pre-B cell receptor on the surface of pre-B cells, starting with the recombination of an immunuglobulin heavy chain locus, including expression of the surrogate light chain, the association of the surrogate light chain with the heavy chain, and expression of the complete pre-B cell receptor on the cell surface. pre-B cell receptor expression is a key checkpoint in the transition of pro-B cell to pre-B cell.
Expression of a single heavy chain allele during pre-B cell differentiation.
transitional stage B cell differentiation
The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow become mature B cells in the spleen. Transitional stage B cells are subdivided into transitional one (T1) and transitional two (T2) stages and are short-lived and functionally incompetent.
transitional stage B-cell differentiation
transitional stage B lymphocyte differentiation
transitional stage B-lymphocyte differentiation
transitional one stage B cell differentiation
The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T1 stage B cells in the spleen. T1 stage B cells do not express either CD23 or CD21.
transitional one stage B cell development
transitional one stage B-cell differentiation
transitional one stage B lymphocyte differentiation
transitional one stage B-lymphocyte differentiation
transitional two stage B cell differentiation
The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T2 stage B cells in the spleen. T2 stage B cells express CD23 but not CD21.
transitional two stage B cell development
transitional two stage B-cell differentiation
transitional two stage B lymphocyte differentiation
transitional two stage B-lymphocyte differentiation
The process in which transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen.
The process in which an immature B cell becomes committed to become a B-1 B cell.
The process in which B cells acquire the specialized features of B-1a B cells. B-1a B cells are B-1 cells that express CD5 and arise from fetal liver precursors.
The process in which B cells acquire the specialized features of B-1b B cells. B-1b B cells are B-1 cells that do not express CD5.
The process dependent upon B cell antigen receptor signaling in response to self or foreign antigen through which B cells are selected for survival.
Any B cell selection process that occurs in the bone marrow.
Any process contributing to anergy, a state of functional inactivation that occurs as part of tolerance induction, in B cells in the bone marrow.
The deletion of B cells by apoptotic process occurring as part of central tolerance induction and B cell selection.
Any B cell selection process that occurs in the periphery.
The process in which B cells produce antibodies with increased antigen affinity. This is accomplished by somatic hypermutation and selection for B cells which produce higher affinity antibodies to antigen.
The process that takes place mainly in germinal center B cells in which a large number of mutations are generated in the heavy chain and light chain V-region genes and their immediately surrounding introns in order to increase antibody diversity and contribute to affinity maturation.
peripheral B lymphocyte receptor editing
peripheral B-lymphocyte receptor editing
Any process in which B cells are selected to survive based on signaling through the B cell antigen receptor.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a tumor cell.
Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the bone marrow. Positive selection is the process in which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.
histamine production involved in inflammatory response
The synthesis or release of histamine following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
histamine production involved in acute inflammatory response
Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the periphery. Positive selection is the process in which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.
peripheral B lymphocyte positive selection
peripheral B-lymphocyte positive selection
serotonin production involved in inflammatory response
The synthesis or release of serotonin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
serotonin production involved in acute inflammatory response
Any process leading to negative selection in B cells. Mechanisms of negative selection include anergy and deletion.
A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell occurring in response to tissue damage and initiated within blood plasma by the action of activated Factor XII (Hageman Factor) on prekallikrein to convert it to plasma kallikrein, and the subsequent reaction of plasma kallikrein with high molecular weight kininogen. The ultimate product of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade is bradykinin, an agent known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.
Any process leading to negative selection of B cells in the bone marrow.
The series of events in which a stimulus from a tumor cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Any process leading to negative selection of B cells in the periphery.
peripheral B lymphocyte negative selection
peripheral B-lymphocyte negative selection
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell that act to protect the cell or organism.
The non-specific expansion of B cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of B cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.
The expansion of a B-1 B cell by cell division. Follows B cell activation.
The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to becoming any type of T cell.
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell development
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell lineage commitment
The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell lineage commitment
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte lineage commitment
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte lineage commitment
The process in which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming an alpha-beta T cell.
alpha-beta T lymphocyte lineage commitment
alpha-beta T-lymphocyte lineage commitment
The process in which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming an NK T cell.
natural killer T-cell lineage commitment
natural killer T lymphocyte lineage commitment
natural killer T-lymphocyte lineage commitment
The process in which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming a gamma-delta T cell.
gamma-delta T lymphocyte lineage commitment
gamma-delta T-lymphocyte lineage commitment
leukocyte activation involved in immune response
A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
immune cell activation during immune response
leucocyte activation during immune response
leukocyte activation during immune response
cytokine production involved in immune response
The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response
cytokine production during immune response
cytokine secretion during immune response
cytokine secretion involved in immune response
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a B cell.
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T cell.
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a natural killer cell.
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a dendritic cell.
myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a myeloid dendritic cell.
plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a plasmacytoid dendritic cell.
Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.
The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin-mediated immune response
The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
antibody production during immune response
antibody secretion during immune response
immunoglobulin biosynthetic process involved in immune response
immunoglobulin production during immune response
immunoglobulin production involved in immune response
immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin mediated immune response
immunoglobulin secretion involved in immune response
regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.
regulation of glandular kallikrein-kinin cascade
immune response in brain or nervous system
An immune response taking place in the brain or nervous system.
An immune response taking place in the liver.
An immune response taking place in mucosal tissues, including those of the intestinal tract, nasal and upper respiratory tract, and genital tract.
immune response in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
immune response in gut-associated lymphoid tissue
Immune response taking place in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). GALT includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules.
Immune response taking place in the Peyer's patch, nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine.
Tolerance induction taking place in the Peyer's patches.
platelet activating factor production involved in inflammatory response
The synthesis or release of platelet activating factor following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
platelet activating factor production involved in acute inflammatory response
platelet activating factor secretion involved in acute inflammatory response
platelet activating factor secretion involved in inflammatory response
lysosomal enzyme production involved in inflammatory response
The synthesis or release of lysosomal enzymes following a stimulus as part of a inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.
lysosomal enzyme production involved in acute inflammatory response
production of lysosomal enzymes involved in acute inflammatory response
production of lysosomal enzymes involved in inflammatory response
tolerance induction in gut-associated lymphoid tissue
Tolerance induction taking place in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).
immune response in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue
An immune response taking place in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT). NALT includes the tonsils and adenoids.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC protein complex.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class II protein complex.
tolerance induction in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue
Tolerance induction taking place in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT).
tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).
B cell tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) mediated by B cells.
T cell tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) mediated by T cells.
antigen sampling in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
The process of apical-to-basolateral delivery of soluble and particulate antigens to underlying mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
antigen transport in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
antigen sampling by dendritic cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
The process of antigen sampling carried out by dendritic cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
antigen sampling by dendritic cells in MALT
antigen sampling by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
The process of antigen samples carried out by M cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
The movement of a dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.
The movement of a myeloid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.
The movement of a Langerhans cell in response to an external stimulus.
The movement of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.
T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
A process of tolerance induction dependent on T cells which leads to immunological tolerance of a tumor.
antigen transcytosis by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
The process of antigen transcytosis carried out by M cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Transcytosis is the process of the directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side. M cells are specialized epithelia cells with a microfold structure that are adept at moving antigens from the gut lumen to antigen presenting cells in the MALT.
antigen transport by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
A process of tolerance induction which leads to immunological tolerance of a tumor.
immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells
The process of transporting immunoglobulin, via transcytosis, from one side of an epithelial cell to the other.
immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by polymeric immunoglobulin receptor
The process of transporting polymeric IgA and polymeric IgM immunoglobulin, via transcytosis mediated by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), from the basolateral surface to apical surface of an epithelial cell. At the apical surface the immunoglobulin binding portion of the pIgRis cleaved and remains bound to the transported immunoglobulin as secretory component (SC). The same process is used for the transport and excretion of IgA immune complexes to the luminal surface of the mucosa.
immunoglobulin transcytosis mediated by pIgR
IgG immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by FcRn immunoglobulin receptor
The process of transporting IgG immunoglobulin, via transcytosis using the FcRn (also known as the neonatal Fc receptor; gene name FCGRT), from apical surface of an epithelial cell to the basolateral surface or vice versa depending on the location. This process is used for uptake of IgG from the milk in the gut in rodents, for transplacental transport of IgG from mother to embryo in humans, and for maintenance of a steady-state distribution of IgG across epithelial boundaries in general in adult mammals.
IgG antibody transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by FcRn immunoglobulin receptor
IgG immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by neonatal immunoglobulin receptor
B cell antigen processing and presentation mediated by B cell receptor uptake of antigen
B cell antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to the B cell receptor.
B-cell antigen processing and presentation mediated by B cell receptor uptake of antigen
B lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation mediated by B cell receptor uptake of antigen
B-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation mediated by B cell receptor uptake of antigen
An immune system process that functions in the response of an organism to a tumor cell.
T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
The directed killing of a tumor cell by a T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.
T-cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
T-lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
The directed killing of a tumor cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.
NK cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
B cell antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis
B cell antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via pinocytosis.
B-cell antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis
B lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis
B-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis
natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
An immune response mediated by a natural killer cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.
T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
An immune response mediated by a T cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.
Tolerance induction taking place in the urogenital tract.
immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue
The synthesis and release of immunoglobulin in the mucosal tissue.
Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal tissues.
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. The peptide antigen may originate from an endogenous or exogenous protein. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E family.
peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a cell, leading to the activation or perpetuation of an immune response.
activation of immune response by cell surface receptor signaling pathway
immune response-activating cell surface receptor signalling pathway
complement receptor mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a component of the complement pathway binding to a complement receptor. Such components include both whole complement proteins and fragments of complement proteins generated through the activity of the complement pathway.
complement receptor mediated signalling pathway
immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signalling pathway
Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
Fc-receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway
Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signalling pathway
The formation of nodular inflammatory lesions, usually small or granular, firm, persistent, well-structured, and containing compactly grouped T lymphocytes and modified phagocytes such as epithelioid cells, giant cells, and other macrophages. Granuloma formation represents a chronic inflammatory response initiated by various infectious and noninfectious agents. The center of a granuloma consists of fused macrophages, which can become necrotic.
immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
An immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.
immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signalling pathway involved in phagocytosis
phagocytosis triggered by activation of immune response cell surface activating receptor
A process directed at removing immune complexes from the body. Immune complexes are clusters of antibodies bound to antigen, to which complement may also be fixed, and which may precipitate or remain in solution.
immune complex clearance by erythrocytes
The process of immune complex clearance by erythrocytes. The process often starts with binding of complement receptor 1 (CR1) on the surface of erythrocytes to a complement coated immune complex. The complex bound to erythrocyte CR1 is then transported to the liver or spleen where it is presented to phagocytes. The process ends when the complex is removed from CR1, allowing the erythrocyte to return to general circulation.
immune complex clearance by red blood cells
immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages
The process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.
inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes.
acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
An acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.
chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
A chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. A chronic inflammatory response persists indefinitely during days, weeks, or months in the life of an individual.
production of molecular mediator of immune response
The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
production of cellular mediator of immune response
histamine secretion involved in inflammatory response
The regulated release of histamine by a cell as part of an inflammatory response.
histamine secretion involved in acute inflammatory response
serotonin secretion involved in inflammatory response
The regulated release of serotonin by a cell as part of an inflammatory response.
serotonin release involved in inflammatory response
serotonin secretion involved in acute inflammatory response
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte.
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a myeloid leukocyte.
myeloid leucocyte immune effector process
myeloid leukocyte immune effector process
An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis, cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell, or mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a neutrophil.
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by an eosinophil.
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a mast cell.
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a lymphocyte.
B cell antigen processing and presentation
The process in which a B cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
B-cell antigen processing and presentation
B lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
B-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
Tolerance induction of mature B cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: the blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
peripheral B lymphocyte tolerance induction
peripheral B-lymphocyte tolerance induction
The process of replacing receptors on B cells, in which RAG gene expression allows continued light-chain gene rearrangement and expression of a new light change which combines with the previous heavy chain to form a new receptor.
Any process contributing to anergy, a state of functional inactivation that occurs as part of tolerance induction, in peripheral B cells.
The deletion of B cells by apoptotic process occurring as part of peripheral tolerance induction and B cell selection.
humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
An immune response dependent upon secreted immunoglobulin. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
circulating antibody mediated immune response
circulating immunoglobulin mediated immune response
humoral immune response mediated by circulating antibody
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a T cell.
T cell antigen processing and presentation
The process in which a T cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
T-cell antigen processing and presentation
T lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
T-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
Tolerance induction of T cells in the periphery, in this case, any location in the body other than the thymus.
peripheral T lymphocyte tolerance induction
peripheral T-lymphocyte tolerance induction
adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from leucine-rich repeat domains
An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) incorporating leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, and allowing for enhanced responses upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Examples of this process are found in jawless fish, including the lampreys (Petromyzontidae) and hagfishes (Myxinidae).
adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of variable lymphocyte receptors built from leucine-rich repeat domains
adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of VLR built from LRR domains
adaptive immune response in jawless fish
adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains. Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced by B cells. The first encounter with antigen elicits a primary immune response that is slow and not of great magnitude. T and B cells selected by antigen become activated and undergo clonal expansion. A fraction of antigen-reactive T and B cells become memory cells, whereas others differentiate into effector cells. The memory cells generated during the primary response enable a much faster and stronger secondary immune response upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus.
tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
Tolerance induction dependent upon an immune response, typically a response by a mature T or B cell in the periphery resulting tolerance towards an antigen via induction of anergy, cellular deletion, or regulatory T cell activation.
immune response-dependent tolerance induction
Tolerance induction in response to nonself antigens.
central tolerance induction to nonself antigen
Tolerance induction to nonself antigens in the central lymphoid organs.
peripheral tolerance induction to nonself antigen
Tolerance induction to nonself antigens in the periphery.
Tolerance induction in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.
peripheral tolerance induction to self antigen
Tolerance induction to self antigens in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.
The process in which germinal centers form. A germinal center is a specialized microenvironment formed when activated B cells enter lymphoid follicles. Germinal centers are the foci for B cell proliferation and somatic hypermutation.
dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
The process in which a dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
The process in which a myeloid dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
The process in which a plasmacytoid dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
monocyte antigen processing and presentation
The process in which a monocyte expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
macrophage antigen processing and presentation
The process in which a macrophage expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
The process in which a non-professional antigen presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. Non-professional antigen presenting cells include all cell types but dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils.
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.
exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class I molecule. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I, TAP-dependent
TAP-dependent antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
TAP-dependent exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-independent
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I, TAP-independent
TAP-independent antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
TAP-independent exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent
TAP-dependent antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
TAP-dependent exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-independent
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib, TAP-independent
TAP-independent antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
TAP-independent exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.
endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via ER pathway
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-dependent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following TAP-dependent transport from the cytosol. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent
TAP-dependent antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway
TAP-dependent endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via ER pathway
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-independent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following transport from the cytosol via a TAP-independent pathway. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent
TAP-independent antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway
TAP-independent endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via ER pathway
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via endolysosomal pathway
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in an endolysosome. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via endolysosomal pathway
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class Ib molecule in the ER. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib via ER pathway
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-dependent
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-dependent
TAP-dependent antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway
TAP-dependent endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib via ER pathway
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-independent
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-independent
TAP-independent antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway
TAP-independent endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib via ER pathway
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.
endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
peptide antigen assembly with MHC class Ib protein complex
The binding of a peptide antigen to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
lipid antigen assembly with MHC class Ib protein complex
The binding of a lipid antigen to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 gene family.
The directed movement of a lipid antigen into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.
peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein contributing to antigen processing and presentation.
proteasomal proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by the proteasome complex contributing to antigen processing and presentation.
proteolysis within endoplasmic reticulum associated with antigen processing and presentation
The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by ER resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.
endoplasmic reticulum proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
ER proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
proteolysis within ER associated with antigen processing and presentation
proteolysis within endosome associated with antigen processing and presentation
The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by endosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.
endosomal proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
proteolysis within lysosome associated with antigen processing and presentation
The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by lysosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.
lysosomal proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
peptide antigen assembly with MHC protein complex
The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC protein complex.
peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex
The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex
The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class II protein complex.
antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.
peptide or polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation of via MHC class II
antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a polysaccharide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.
polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
A process that directly activates any of the steps required for tolerance, a physiologic state in which the immune system does not react destructively against the components of an organism that harbors it or against antigens that are introduced to it.
Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs: the thymus and bone marrow.
central tolerance induction to self antigen
Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs directed at self antigens.
Tolerance induction of B cells in the bone marrow.
central B lymphocyte tolerance induction
central B-lymphocyte tolerance induction
Receptor editing occurring in B cells in the bone marrow.
Tolerance induction of T cells in the thymus.
central T lymphocyte tolerance induction
central T-lymphocyte tolerance induction
Tolerance induction directed at self antigens.
A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in B cells.
Any process contributing to anergy in B cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of B cell tolerance induction.
The apoptotic death of B cells which is part of B cell tolerance induction.
A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in T cells.
lymphocyte chemotaxis across high endothelial venule
The movement of a lymphocyte to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus.
Tolerance induction of natural killer cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.
leukocyte migration involved in immune response
The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body as part of an immune response.
immune cell migration during immune response
immune cell trafficking during immune response
leucocyte migration during immune response
leucocyte trafficking during immune response
leukocyte trafficking during immune response
leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response
The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body contributing to an inflammatory response.
immune cell migration during inflammatory response
immune cell trafficking during inflammatory response
leucocyte migration during inflammatory response
leucocyte trafficking during inflammatory response
leukocyte migration during inflammatory response
leukocyte trafficking during inflammatory response
An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system.
acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
An acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimuli such as heat or physical trauma.
Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.
vasodilation involved in acute inflammatory response
An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure contributing to an acute inflammatory response.
vasodilation during acute inflammatory response
regulation of vascular permeability involved in acute inflammatory response
Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid contributing to an acute inflammatory response.
regulation of vascular permeability during acute inflammatory response
regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade.
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure involved in acute-phase response
Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system that contributes to the acute phase response. The acute phase response occurs during the early phases of an infection and is marked by changes in the production of plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein.
blood pressure regulation during acute phase response
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure during acute phase response
regulation of heart contraction involved in acute-phase response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction that contributes to the acute phase response. The acute phase response occurs during the early phases of an infection and is marked by changes in the production of plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein.
regulation of cardiac contraction during acute phase response
regulation of heart contraction during acute phase response
production of molecular mediator involved in inflammatory response
The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the inflammatory response following an inflammatory stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
production of cellular mediator of acute inflammation
production of molecular mediator involved in acute inflammatory response
lysosomal enzyme secretion involved in inflammatory response
The regulated release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell as part of an inflammatory response.
lysosomal enzyme secretion involved in acute inflammatory response
secretion of lysosomal enzymes involved in acute inflammatory response
secretion of lysosomal enzymes involved in inflammatory response
cytokine production involved in inflammatory response
The synthesis or release of a cytokine following a inflammatory stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response
respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response
A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels.
oxidative burst during acute inflammatory response
production of reactive oxygen species during acute inflammatory response
respiratory burst involved in acute inflammatory response
nitric oxide production involved in inflammatory response
The synthesis or release of nitric oxide following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
nitric oxide production involved in acute inflammatory response
production of nitric oxide involved in acute inflammatory response
production of nitric oxide involved in inflammatory response
arachidonic acid metabolite production involved in inflammatory response
The synthesis or release of products of arachidonic acid metabolism following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels.
arachidonic acid metabolite production involved in acute inflammatory response
production of arachidonic acid metabolites involved in acute inflammatory response
production of arachidonic acid metabolites involved in inflammatory response
prostaglandin production involved in inflammatory response
The synthesis or release of any prostaglandin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
prostaglandin production involved in acute inflammatory response
leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response
The synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
leukotriene production involved in acute inflammatory response
activation of plasma proteins involved in acute inflammatory response
Any process activating plasma proteins by proteolysis as part of an acute inflammatory response.
Any process that activates Factor XII (Hageman factor). Factor XII is a protein synthesized by the liver that circulates in an inactive form until it encounters collagen or basement membrane or activated platelets (as occurs at the site of endothelial injury). Factor XII then undergoes a conformational change (becoming factor XIIa), exposing an active serine center that can subsequently cleave protein substrates and activate a variety of mediator systems. Factor XII is a participant in the clotting cascade as well as the kinin cascade.
activation of blood coagulation via clotting cascade
Any process that initiates the clotting cascade of blood coagulation, a cascade of plasma enzymes that is triggered following damage to blood vessels, leading to formation of a clot.
Inflammation of prolonged duration (weeks or months) in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously. Although it may follow acute inflammation, chronic inflammation frequently begins insidiously, as a low-grade, smoldering, often asymptomatic response.
chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
A chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus such as heat or physical trauma.
negative regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.
downregulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
down regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
down-regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
inhibition of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
negative regulation of glandular kallikrein-kinin cascade
positive regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.
activation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
positive regulation of glandular kallikrein-kinin cascade
stimulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
upregulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
up regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
up-regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
The movement of a monocyte in response to an external stimulus.
negative regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade.
downregulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
down regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
down-regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
inhibition of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
positive regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade.
activation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
stimulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
upregulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
up regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
up-regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
The movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.
The regulated release of serotonin by a mast cell or group of mast cells.
The regulated release of histamine by a mast cell or group of mast cells.
The regulated release of serotonin by a platelet or group of platelets.
The regulated release of histamine by a platelet or group of platelets.
The regulated release of serotonin by a basophil or group of basophils.
The regulated release of histamine by a basophil or group of basophils.
type I hypersensitivity mediated by mast cells
An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.
type I hypersensitivity mediated by basophils
An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a basophil.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a basophil.
somatic diversification of immune receptors via germline recombination within a single locus
The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through recombination of the germline genetic elements within a single genetic locus.
somatic diversification of immune receptors via alternate splicing
The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through alternate splicing.
alternate splicing of immunoglobulin genes
The generation of alternate transcripts of immunoglobulin genes through alternate splicing of exons.
somatic diversification of immune receptors via gene conversion
The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through gene conversion.
somatic diversification of immune receptors via somatic mutation
The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through somatic mutation.
somatic diversification of FREP-based immune receptors
The process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the FREP-based immune receptors of snails.
somatic diversification of T cell receptor genes
The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of T cell receptor genes.
somatic diversification of immune receptors by N region addition
The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. N regions are found at the V-D, D-D, V-J, and D-J recombinational junctions, depending on the immune receptor gene.
somatic diversification of immunoglobulin genes by N region addition
The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin genes. N regions are found at the V-D and D-J recombinational junctions.
somatic diversification of antibody genes by N region addition
somatic diversification of T cell receptor genes by N region addition
The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of T cell receptor genes. N regions are found at the V-D, D-D, V-J, and D-J recombinational junctions, depending on the T cell receptor gene.
somatic diversification of TCR genes by N region addition
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-T cell. Pro-T cells are the earliest stage of the T cell lineage but are not fully committed.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a thrombocyte, a nucleated cell found in all vertebrates but mammals involved in hemostasis.
The movement of a basophil in response to an external stimulus.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet.
regulation of antigen processing and presentation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.
negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.
downregulation of antigen processing and presentation
down regulation of antigen processing and presentation
down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation
inhibition of antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.
activation of antigen processing and presentation
stimulation of antigen processing and presentation
upregulation of antigen processing and presentation
up regulation of antigen processing and presentation
up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation
regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.
regulation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.
downregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
down regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
negative regulation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.
activation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
positive regulation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
upregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
up regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.
regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation
negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.
downregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
down regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
negative regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.
activation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
positive regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation
stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
upregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
up regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.
regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.
downregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
down regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
negative regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.
activation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
positive regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
upregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
up regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.
regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.
downregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
down regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
negative regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.
activation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
positive regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
upregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
up regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.
negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.
downregulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
down regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
inhibition of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.
activation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
stimulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
upregulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
up regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.
regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.
downregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
down regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
negative regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.
activation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
positive regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
upregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
up regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.
regulation of lipid antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.
downregulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
down regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
negative regulation of lipid antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.
activation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
positive regulation of lipid antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
upregulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
up regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.
regulation of polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.
downregulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
down regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
negative regulation of polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.
activation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
positive regulation of polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
upregulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
up regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
negative regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
downregulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
down regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
down-regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
inhibition of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
activation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
stimulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
upregulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
up regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
up-regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
downregulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
down regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
down-regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
inhibition of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
activation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
stimulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
upregulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
up regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
up-regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
negative regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
downregulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
down regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
down-regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
inhibition of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
stimulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
upregulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
up regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
up-regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.
negative regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.
downregulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
down regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
down-regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
inhibition of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.
activation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
stimulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
upregulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
up regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
up-regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.
negative regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.
downregulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
down regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
down-regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
inhibition of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.
activation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
stimulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
upregulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
up regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
up-regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.
negative regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.
downregulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
down regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
down-regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
inhibition of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.
activation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
stimulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
upregulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
up regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
up-regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.
regulation of B-cell antigen processing and presentation
regulation of B lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
regulation of B-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
negative regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.
downregulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
down regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
down-regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
inhibition of B cell antigen processing and presentation
negative regulation of B-cell antigen processing and presentation
negative regulation of B lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
negative regulation of B-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.
activation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of B-cell antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of B lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of B-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
stimulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
upregulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
up regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
up-regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.
regulation of T-cell antigen processing and presentation
regulation of T lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
regulation of T-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
negative regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.
downregulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
down regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
down-regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
inhibition of T cell antigen processing and presentation
negative regulation of T-cell antigen processing and presentation
negative regulation of T lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.
activation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of T-cell antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of T lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
stimulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
upregulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
up regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
up-regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation.
negative regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation.
downregulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
down regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
down-regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
inhibition of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation.
activation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
stimulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
upregulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
up regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
up-regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.
negative regulation of granuloma formation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.
positive regulation of granuloma formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.
negative regulation of germinal center formation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.
downregulation of germinal center formation
down regulation of germinal center formation
down-regulation of germinal center formation
positive regulation of germinal center formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.
stimulation of germinal center formation
upregulation of germinal center formation
up regulation of germinal center formation
up-regulation of germinal center formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.
regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of immunoglobulin production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.
downregulation of immunoglobulin production
down regulation of immunoglobulin production
down-regulation of immunoglobulin production
negative regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of immunoglobulin secretion
positive regulation of immunoglobulin production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.
positive regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of immunoglobulin secretion
stimulation of immunoglobulin production
upregulation of immunoglobulin production
up regulation of immunoglobulin production
up-regulation of immunoglobulin production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.
negative regulation of tolerance induction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.
positive regulation of tolerance induction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.
regulation of central tolerance induction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.
negative regulation of central tolerance induction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.
downregulation of central tolerance induction
down regulation of central tolerance induction
down-regulation of central tolerance induction
inhibition of central tolerance induction
positive regulation of central tolerance induction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.
activation of central tolerance induction
stimulation of central tolerance induction
upregulation of central tolerance induction
up regulation of central tolerance induction
up-regulation of central tolerance induction
regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.
negative regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.
downregulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
down regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
down-regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
inhibition of tolerance induction to self antigen
positive regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.
activation of tolerance induction to self antigen
stimulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
upregulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
up regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
up-regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.
regulation of immune response-dependent tolerance induction
negative regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.
downregulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
down regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
down-regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
inhibition of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
negative regulation of immune response-dependent tolerance induction
positive regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.
activation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
positive regulation of immune response-dependent tolerance induction
stimulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
upregulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
up regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
up-regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.
negative regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.
downregulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
down regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
down-regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
inhibition of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
positive regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.
activation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
stimulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
upregulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
up regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
up-regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.
negative regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.
downregulation of peripheral tolerance induction
down regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
down-regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
inhibition of peripheral tolerance induction
positive regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.
activation of peripheral tolerance induction
stimulation of peripheral tolerance induction
upregulation of peripheral tolerance induction
up regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
up-regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
regulation of B cell tolerance induction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.
regulation of B-cell tolerance induction
regulation of B lymphocyte tolerance induction
regulation of B-lymphocyte tolerance induction
negative regulation of B cell tolerance induction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.
downregulation of B cell tolerance induction
down regulation of B cell tolerance induction
down-regulation of B cell tolerance induction
inhibition of B cell tolerance induction
negative regulation of B-cell tolerance induction
negative regulation of B lymphocyte tolerance induction
negative regulation of B-lymphocyte tolerance induction
positive regulation of B cell tolerance induction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.
activation of B cell tolerance induction
positive regulation of B-cell tolerance induction
positive regulation of B lymphocyte tolerance induction
positive regulation of B-lymphocyte tolerance induction
stimulation of B cell tolerance induction
upregulation of B cell tolerance induction
up regulation of B cell tolerance induction
up-regulation of B cell tolerance induction
regulation of T cell tolerance induction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.
regulation of T-cell tolerance induction
regulation of T lymphocyte tolerance induction
regulation of T-lymphocyte tolerance induction
negative regulation of T cell tolerance induction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.
downregulation of T cell tolerance induction
down regulation of T cell tolerance induction
down-regulation of T cell tolerance induction
inhibition of T cell tolerance induction
negative regulation of T-cell tolerance induction
negative regulation of T lymphocyte tolerance induction
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte tolerance induction
positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.
activation of T cell tolerance induction
positive regulation of T-cell tolerance induction
positive regulation of T lymphocyte tolerance induction
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte tolerance induction
stimulation of T cell tolerance induction
upregulation of T cell tolerance induction
up regulation of T cell tolerance induction
up-regulation of T cell tolerance induction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.
negative regulation of T lymphocyte anergy
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte anergy
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.
positive regulation of T lymphocyte anergy
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte anergy
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell anergy.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell anergy.
negative regulation of B lymphocyte anergy
negative regulation of B-lymphocyte anergy
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell anergy.
positive regulation of B lymphocyte anergy
positive regulation of B-lymphocyte anergy
regulation of acute inflammatory response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.
negative regulation of acute inflammatory response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.
downregulation of acute inflammatory response
down regulation of acute inflammatory response
down-regulation of acute inflammatory response
inhibition of acute inflammatory response
positive regulation of acute inflammatory response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.
activation of acute inflammatory response
stimulation of acute inflammatory response
upregulation of acute inflammatory response
up regulation of acute inflammatory response
up-regulation of acute inflammatory response
regulation of chronic inflammatory response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.
negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.
downregulation of chronic inflammatory response
down regulation of chronic inflammatory response
down-regulation of chronic inflammatory response
inhibition of chronic inflammatory response
positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.
activation of chronic inflammatory response
stimulation of chronic inflammatory response
upregulation of chronic inflammatory response
up regulation of chronic inflammatory response
up-regulation of chronic inflammatory response
respiratory burst involved in defense response
A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as part of a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to becoming a pro-T cell.
somatic recombination of T cell receptor gene segments
The process in which T cell receptor genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as T cell receptor gene segments.
somatic recombination of TCR gene segments
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
negative regulation of immune system process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
down regulation of immune system process
down-regulation of immune system process
positive regulation of immune system process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.
negative regulation of leukocyte migration
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.
negative regulation of immune cell migration
negative regulation of leucocyte migration
positive regulation of leukocyte migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.
positive regulation of immune cell migration
positive regulation of leucocyte migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.
negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.
negative regulation of immune cell chemotaxis
negative regulation of leucocyte chemotaxis
positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.
positive regulation of immune cell chemotaxis
positive regulation of leucocyte chemotaxis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation.
negative regulation of cellular extravasation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation.
downregulation of cellular extravasation
down regulation of cellular extravasation
down-regulation of cellular extravasation
positive regulation of cellular extravasation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.
negative regulation of leukocyte activation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.
negative regulation of immune cell activation
negative regulation of leucocyte activation
positive regulation of leukocyte activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.
positive regulation of immune cell activation
positive regulation of leucocyte activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
negative regulation of immune effector process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
downregulation of immune effector process
down regulation of immune effector process
down-regulation of immune effector process
positive regulation of immune effector process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
up regulation of immune effector process
up-regulation of immune effector process
regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
negative regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
downregulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
down regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
down-regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
inhibition of production of molecular mediator of immune response
positive regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
activation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
stimulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
upregulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
up regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
up-regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
regulation of immune cell mediated immunity
regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity
negative regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
downregulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
down regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
down-regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
inhibition of leukocyte mediated immunity
negative regulation of immune cell mediated immunity
negative regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity
positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
activation of leukocyte mediated immunity
positive regulation of immune cell mediated immunity
positive regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity
stimulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
upregulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
up regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
up-regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.
negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.
downregulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
down regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
down-regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
inhibition of lymphocyte mediated immunity
positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.
activation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
stimulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
upregulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
up regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
up-regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.
regulation of T lymphocyte mediated immunity
regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated immunity
negative regulation of T cell mediated immunity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.
downregulation of T cell mediated immunity
down regulation of T cell mediated immunity
down-regulation of T cell mediated immunity
negative regulation of T-cell mediated immunity
negative regulation of T lymphocyte mediated immunity
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated immunity
positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.
positive regulation of T-cell mediated immunity
positive regulation of T lymphocyte mediated immunity
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated immunity
upregulation of T cell mediated immunity
up regulation of T cell mediated immunity
up-regulation of T cell mediated immunity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.
regulation of B lymphocyte mediated immunity
regulation of B-lymphocyte mediated immunity
negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.
downregulation of B cell mediated immunity
down regulation of B cell mediated immunity
down-regulation of B cell mediated immunity
negative regulation of B-cell mediated immunity
negative regulation of B lymphocyte mediated immunity
negative regulation of B-lymphocyte mediated immunity
positive regulation of B cell mediated immunity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.
positive regulation of B-cell mediated immunity
positive regulation of B lymphocyte mediated immunity
positive regulation of B-lymphocyte mediated immunity
upregulation of B cell mediated immunity
up regulation of B cell mediated immunity
up-regulation of B cell mediated immunity
regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.
regulation of natural killer cell activity
negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.
downregulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
down regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
down-regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
inhibition of natural killer cell mediated immunity
negative regulation of natural killer cell activity
negative regulation of NK cell mediated immunity
positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.
activation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
positive regulation of natural killer cell activity
positive regulation of NK cell mediated immunity
stimulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
upregulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
up regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
up-regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.
regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response
regulation of cytokine production during immune response
regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response
negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production contributing to an immune response.
downregulation of cytokine production during immune response
down regulation of cytokine production during immune response
down-regulation of cytokine production during immune response
inhibition of cytokine production during immune response
negative regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response
negative regulation of cytokine production during immune response
negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.
activation of cytokine production during immune response
positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response
positive regulation of cytokine production during immune response
positive regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response
stimulation of cytokine production during immune response
upregulation of cytokine production during immune response
up regulation of cytokine production during immune response
up-regulation of cytokine production during immune response
regulation of B cell cytokine production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production.
regulation of B-cell cytokine production
regulation of B lymphocyte cytokine production
regulation of B-lymphocyte cytokine production
negative regulation of B cell cytokine production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production.
downregulation of B cell cytokine production
down regulation of B cell cytokine production
down-regulation of B cell cytokine production
inhibition of B cell cytokine production
negative regulation of B-cell cytokine production
negative regulation of B lymphocyte cytokine production
negative regulation of B-lymphocyte cytokine production
positive regulation of B cell cytokine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production.
activation of B cell cytokine production
positive regulation of B-cell cytokine production
positive regulation of B lymphocyte cytokine production
positive regulation of B-lymphocyte cytokine production
stimulation of B cell cytokine production
upregulation of B cell cytokine production
up regulation of B cell cytokine production
up-regulation of B cell cytokine production
regulation of T cell cytokine production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.
regulation of T-cell cytokine production
regulation of T lymphocyte cytokine production
regulation of T-lymphocyte cytokine production
negative regulation of T cell cytokine production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.
downregulation of T cell cytokine production
down regulation of T cell cytokine production
down-regulation of T cell cytokine production
inhibition of T cell cytokine production
negative regulation of T-cell cytokine production
negative regulation of T lymphocyte cytokine production
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte cytokine production
positive regulation of T cell cytokine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.
activation of T cell cytokine production
positive regulation of T-cell cytokine production
positive regulation of T lymphocyte cytokine production
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte cytokine production
stimulation of T cell cytokine production
upregulation of T cell cytokine production
up regulation of T cell cytokine production
up-regulation of T cell cytokine production
regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.
regulation of NK cell cytokine production
negative regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.
downregulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
down regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
down-regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
inhibition of natural killer cell cytokine production
negative regulation of NK cell cytokine production
positive regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.
activation of natural killer cell cytokine production
positive regulation of NK cell cytokine production
stimulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
upregulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
up regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
up-regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.
negative regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.
downregulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
down regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
down-regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
inhibition of dendritic cell cytokine production
positive regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.
activation of dendritic cell cytokine production
stimulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
upregulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
up regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
up-regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.
negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.
downregulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
down regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
down-regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
inhibition of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.
activation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
stimulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
upregulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
up regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
up-regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.
negative regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.
downregulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
down regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
down-regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
inhibition of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
positive regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.
activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
stimulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
upregulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
up regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
up-regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
antigen processing and presentation initiated by receptor mediated uptake of antigen
Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to a cell surface receptor.
antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis
Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via pinocytosis.
antigen processing and presentation following phagocytosis
Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via phagocytosis.
antigen processing and presentation initiated by pattern recognition receptor mediated uptake of antigen
Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR).
antigen processing and presentation initiated by PAMP receptor mediated uptake of antigen
antigen processing and presentation initiated by PRR mediated uptake of antigen
antigen processing and presentation initiated by toll-like receptor mediated phagocytosis of antigen
Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by phagocytosis of antigen bound directly or indirectly to a cell surface toll-like receptor (TLR).
antigen processing and presentation initiated by TLR mediated phagocytosis of antigen
antigen processing and presentation following macropinocytosis
Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via macropinocytosis.
antigen processing and presentation following receptor mediated endocytosis
Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen receptor-mediated endocytosis.
cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR). PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.
cell surface PAMP receptor signaling pathway
cell surface pathogen receptor signaling pathway
cell surface pattern recognition receptor signalling pathway
cytosolic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand from another organism to a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR). PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.
cytoplasmic caspase-recruiting domain (CARD) helicase signaling pathway
cytoplasmic PAMP receptor signaling pathway
cytoplasmic pathogen receptor signaling pathway
cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in response to virus
cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signalling pathway
cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signalling pathway in response to virus
virus-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
endosomal pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand to an intracellular vesicle pattern recognition receptor (PRR). PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.
intracellular endosomal pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
intracellular vesicle PAMP receptor signaling pathway
intracellular vesicle pathogen receptor signaling pathway
intracellular vesicle pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
intracellular vesicle pattern recognition receptor signalling pathway
intracellular vesicle PRR signaling pathway
MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
A toll-like receptor signaling pathway in which the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.
MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
A toll-like receptor signaling pathway not relying on the MyD88 adaptor molecule. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate an immune response.
MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
immune response-activating signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated by a ligand binding to its receptor that lead to the activation or perpetuation of an immune response.
immune response-activating signal transduction
innate immune response-activating signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated by a ligand binding to its receptor that lead to the activation or perpetuation of an innate immune response.
defence response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependent
defence response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independent
defence response signalling pathway, resistance gene-dependent
defence response signalling pathway, resistance gene-independent
defense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependent
defense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independent
defense response signalling pathway, resistance gene-dependent
regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.
positive regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.
activation of antimicrobial humoral response
stimulation of antimicrobial humoral response
upregulation of antimicrobial humoral response
up regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
up-regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
downregulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
down regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
down-regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
inhibition of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
activation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
stimulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
upregulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
up regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
up-regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
immune response-regulating signaling pathway
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to the activation, perpetuation, or inhibition of an immune response.
immune response-regulating signalling pathway
immune response-inhibiting signal transduction
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an immune response.
innate immune response-inhibiting signal transduction
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an innate immune response.
immune response-inhibiting cell surface receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of inhibiting an immune response.
immune response-inhibiting cell surface receptor signalling pathway
immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of activating, perpetuating, or inhibiting an immune response.
natural killer cell inhibitory signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a natural killer cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.
killer cell inhibitory receptor signaling pathway
Ly49 inhibitory receptor signaling pathway
natural killer cell inhibitory signalling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a T cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.
T lymphocyte inhibitory signaling pathway
T-lymphocyte inhibitory signaling pathway
inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.
inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signalling pathway
inhibitory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an inhibitory C-type lectin receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.
inhibitory C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a B cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.
B lymphocyte inhibitory signaling pathwayBT-lymphocyte inhibitory signaling pathway
Fc receptor mediated inhibitory signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
Fc-receptor mediated inhibitory signaling pathway
Fc receptor mediated inhibitory signalling pathway
The synthesis or release of an antimicrobial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.
The regulated release of an antimicrobial peptide from a cell or a tissue. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.
antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antimicrobial peptide. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.
The synthesis or release of an antibacterial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.
The regulated release of an antibacterial peptide from a cell or a tissue.
antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide.
The synthesis or release of an antifungal peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.
The regulated release of an antifungal peptide from a cell or a tissue.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antifungal peptide.
regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production.
negative regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production.
downregulation of antimicrobial peptide production
down regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
down-regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
inhibition of antimicrobial peptide production
regulation of antibacterial peptide production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.
negative regulation of antibacterial peptide production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.
downregulation of antibacterial peptide production
down regulation of antibacterial peptide production
down-regulation of antibacterial peptide production
inhibition of antibacterial peptide production
regulation of antifungal peptide production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide production.
negative regulation of antifungal peptide production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide production.
downregulation of antifungal peptide production
down regulation of antifungal peptide production
down-regulation of antifungal peptide production
inhibition of antifungal peptide production
The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
negative regulation of peptide secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
positive regulation of peptide secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide secretion.
negative regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide secretion.
downregulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
down regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
down-regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
inhibition of antimicrobial peptide secretion
positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide secretion.
activation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
stimulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
upregulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
up regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
up-regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide secretion.
negative regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide secretion.
downregulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
down regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
down-regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
inhibition of antibacterial peptide secretion
positive regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide secretion.
activation of antibacterial peptide secretion
stimulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
upregulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
up regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
up-regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide secretion.
negative regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide secretion.
downregulation of antifungal peptide secretion
down regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
down-regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
inhibition of antifungal peptide secretion
positive regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide secretion.
activation of antifungal peptide secretion
stimulation of antifungal peptide secretion
upregulation of antifungal peptide secretion
up regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
up-regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
positive regulation of antibacterial peptide production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.
activation of antibacterial peptide production
stimulation of antibacterial peptide production
upregulation of antibacterial peptide production
up regulation of antibacterial peptide production
up-regulation of antibacterial peptide production
positive regulation of antifungal peptide production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide production.
activation of antifungal peptide production
stimulation of antifungal peptide production
upregulation of antifungal peptide production
up regulation of antifungal peptide production
up-regulation of antifungal peptide production
regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis.
negative regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis.
downregulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
down regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
down-regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
inhibition of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis.
activation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
stimulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
upregulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
up regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
up-regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis.
negative regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis.
downregulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
down regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
down-regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
inhibition of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide biosynthesis.
negative regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide biosynthesis.
downregulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
down regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
down-regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
inhibition of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative bacteria.
regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria.
negative regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria.
downregulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
down regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
down-regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
inhibition of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria.
negative regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria.
downregulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
down regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
down-regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
inhibition of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.
negative regulation of adaptive immune response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.
downregulation of adaptive immune response
down regulation of adaptive immune response
down-regulation of adaptive immune response
positive regulation of adaptive immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.
upregulation of adaptive immune response
up regulation of adaptive immune response
up-regulation of adaptive immune response
regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.
negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.
positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.
regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.
negative regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.
downregulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
down regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
down-regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
inhibition of T-helper 1 type immune response
positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.
activation of T-helper 1 type immune response
stimulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
upregulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
up regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
up-regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.
regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response
negative regulation of type 2 immune response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.
downregulation of type 2 immune response
down regulation of type 2 immune response
down-regulation of type 2 immune response
negative regulation of Th2 immune response
negative regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response
positive regulation of type 2 immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.
positive regulation of Th2 immune response
positive regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response
regulation of response to biotic stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
downregulation of response to biotic stimulus
down regulation of response to biotic stimulus
down-regulation of response to biotic stimulus
inhibition of response to biotic stimulus
positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
activation of response to biotic stimulus
stimulation of response to biotic stimulus
upregulation of response to biotic stimulus
up regulation of response to biotic stimulus
up-regulation of response to biotic stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.
negative regulation of response to tumor cell
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.
downregulation of response to tumor cell
down regulation of response to tumor cell
down-regulation of response to tumor cell
negative regulation of response to tumour cell
positive regulation of response to tumor cell
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.
positive regulation of response to tumour cell
regulation of immune response to tumor cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.
regulation of immune response to tumour cell
negative regulation of immune response to tumor cell
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.
downregulation of immune response to tumor cell
down regulation of immune response to tumor cell
down-regulation of immune response to tumor cell
inhibition of immune response to tumor cell
negative regulation of immune response to tumour cell
positive regulation of immune response to tumor cell
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.
activation of immune response to tumor cell
positive regulation of immune response to tumour cell
stimulation of immune response to tumor cell
upregulation of immune response to tumor cell
up regulation of immune response to tumor cell
up-regulation of immune response to tumor cell
regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.
regulation of T-cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumour cell
regulation of T lymphocyte mediated immune response to tumor cell
regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated immune response to tumor cell
negative regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.
downregulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
down regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
down-regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
inhibition of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
negative regulation of T-cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
negative regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumour cell
negative regulation of T lymphocyte mediated immune response to tumor cell
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated immune response to tumor cell
positive regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.
activation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
positive regulation of T-cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
positive regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumour cell
positive regulation of T lymphocyte mediated immune response to tumor cell
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated immune response to tumor cell
stimulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
upregulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
up regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
up-regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.
regulation of tolerance induction to tumour cell
negative regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.
downregulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
down regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
down-regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
inhibition of tolerance induction to tumor cell
negative regulation of tolerance induction to tumour cell
positive regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.
activation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
positive regulation of tolerance induction to tumour cell
stimulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
upregulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
up regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
up-regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.
negative regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.
downregulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
down regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
down-regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
inhibition of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.
activation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
stimulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
upregulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
up regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
up-regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral T cell tolerance induction.
negative regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral T cell tolerance induction.
downregulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
down regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
down-regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
inhibition of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
positive regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral T cell tolerance induction.
activation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
stimulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
upregulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
up regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
up-regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.
negative regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.
downregulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
down regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
down-regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
inhibition of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.
activation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
stimulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
upregulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
up regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
up-regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.
negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.
downregulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
down regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
down-regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
inhibition of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.
activation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
stimulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
upregulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
up regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
up-regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.
negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.
downregulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
down regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
down-regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
inhibition of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.
activation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
stimulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
upregulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
up regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
up-regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
downregulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
down regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
down-regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
inhibition of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
activation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
stimulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
upregulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
up regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
up-regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
downregulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
down regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
down-regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
inhibition of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
activation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
stimulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
upregulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
up regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
up-regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell deletion.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell deletion.
negative regulation of B lymphocyte deletion
negative regulation of B-lymphocyte deletion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell deletion.
positive regulation of B lymphocyte deletion
positive regulation of B-lymphocyte deletion
Any process contributing to anergy in T cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of T cell tolerance induction.
regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.
regulation of NK cell tolerance induction
negative regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.
downregulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
down regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
down-regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
inhibition of natural killer cell tolerance induction
negative regulation of NK cell tolerance induction
positive regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.
activation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
positive regulation of NK cell tolerance induction
stimulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
upregulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
up regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
up-regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
downregulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
down regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
down-regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
inhibition of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
activation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
stimulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
upregulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
up regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
up-regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
downregulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
down regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
down-regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
inhibition of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
activation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
stimulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
upregulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
up regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
up-regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
downregulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
down regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
down-regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
inhibition of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
activation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
stimulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
upregulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
up regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
up-regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.
regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.
negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.
downregulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
down regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
down-regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
inhibition of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.
activation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
stimulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
upregulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
up regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
up-regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.
negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.
downregulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
down regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
down-regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
inhibition of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
positive regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.
activation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
stimulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
upregulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
up regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
up-regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.
negative regulation of type II hypersensitivity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.
downregulation of type II hypersensitivity
down regulation of type II hypersensitivity
down-regulation of type II hypersensitivity
positive regulation of type II hypersensitivity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.
upregulation of type II hypersensitivity
up regulation of type II hypersensitivity
up-regulation of type II hypersensitivity
regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction.
negative regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction.
downregulation of central B cell tolerance induction
down regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
down-regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
inhibition of central B cell tolerance induction
positive regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction.
activation of central B cell tolerance induction
stimulation of central B cell tolerance induction
upregulation of central B cell tolerance induction
up regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
up-regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell deletion.
negative regulation of central B cell deletion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell deletion.
downregulation of central B cell deletion
down regulation of central B cell deletion
down-regulation of central B cell deletion
positive regulation of central B cell deletion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell deletion.
up regulation of central B cell deletion
up-regulation of central B cell deletion
Any apoptotic process in a B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow.
mature B cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
mature B-cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
mature B lymphocyte programmed cell death by apoptosis
mature B-lymphocyte programmed cell death by apoptosis
programmed cell death, mature B lymphocytes
programmed cell death, mature B-lymphocytes
programmed cell death of mature B cells by apoptosis
programmed cell death of mature B-cells by apoptosis
programmed cell death of mature B lymphocytes by apoptosis
programmed cell death of mature B-lymphocytes by apoptosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.
negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.
positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.
regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.
negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.
downregulation of mature B cell apoptosis
down regulation of mature B cell apoptosis
down-regulation of mature B cell apoptosis
negative regulation of mature B cell apoptosis
positive regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.
positive regulation of mature B cell apoptosis
up regulation of mature B cell apoptosis
up-regulation of mature B cell apoptosis
regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell deletion.
negative regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell deletion.
downregulation of peripheral B cell deletion
down regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
down-regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
inhibition of peripheral B cell deletion
positive regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell deletion.
activation of peripheral B cell deletion
stimulation of peripheral B cell deletion
upregulation of peripheral B cell deletion
up regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
up-regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy.
negative regulation of lymphocyte anergy
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy.
positive regulation of lymphocyte anergy
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell anergy.
negative regulation of central B cell anergy
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell anergy.
down regulation of central B cell anergy
down-regulation of central B cell anergy
positive regulation of central B cell anergy
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell anergy.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell anergy.
negative regulation of peripheral B cell anergy
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell anergy.
downregulation of peripheral B cell anergy
down regulation of peripheral B cell anergy
down-regulation of peripheral B cell anergy
positive regulation of peripheral B cell anergy
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell anergy.
upregulation of peripheral B cell anergy
up regulation of peripheral B cell anergy
up-regulation of peripheral B cell anergy
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.
negative regulation of humoral immune response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.
downregulation of humoral immune response
down regulation of humoral immune response
down-regulation of humoral immune response
positive regulation of humoral immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.
up regulation of humoral immune response
up-regulation of humoral immune response
regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.
negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.
downregulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
down regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
down-regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
inhibition of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.
activation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
stimulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
upregulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
up regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
up-regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
tRNA wobble base 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridinylation
The process whereby a wobble base uridine residue in a tRNA is modified to 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine.
tRNA wobble base 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine biosynthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways involved in the biosynthesis of archaeosine, an archaea-specific modified base found at position 15 in the D-loop of certain archaeal tRNAs.
A highly stable complex composed of the ATAC complex and the mediator complex (also called TRAP or MED). MECO binds and regulates the transcription of a subset of non-coding RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
The progression of the trabecular meshwork over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trabecular meshwork is a fenestrated endothelial-like tissue situated at the intersection of the cornea and the iris. The trabecular meshwork provides drainage for the aqueous humor.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a inadequate blood supply.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon sheath over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon sheath is a layer of membrane around a tendon. It permits the tendon to move.
The covalent attachment of a hydroxyl group to one or more fatty acids in a lipid.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.
tRNA (adenine-C2-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(37) in tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + C2-methyladenine(37) in a tRNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptide hormone bradykinin.
The processes whereby a uridine residue in a tRNA is converted to 4-thiouridine. Typically 4-thiouridine is found at position 8, in many transfer RNAs.
The process whereby a guanosine residue in a tRNA is methylated on the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose moiety.
The process whereby a guanine in tRNA is methylated at position N1 of the guanine.
The process whereby a guanine in a tRNA is methylated at the N2 position of guanine.
The multiplication or reproduction of type B synoviocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A type B synoviocyte is a fibroblast-like cell found in synovial tissues.
The process whereby a guanine residue in a transfer RNA is methylated twice at the N2 position.
The process whereby a uridine in a transfer RNA is converted to dihydrouridine.
A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 13 (CDK13). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
The process whereby a cytosine in a tRNA is methylated at position 5 of the cytosine.
tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily complex
A receptor complex that contains one or more members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + 7-cyano-7-carbaguanine15 in tRNA + H2O = L-glutamate + archaeine15 in tRNA.
tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine modification
The attachment of a carbonyl group and a threonine to the amino group of the adenine residue immediately 3' of the anticodon, in tRNAs that decode ANN codons (where N is any base).
threonylcarbamoyladenosine biosynthetic process
ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-ethanolamine + a ceramide = CMP + a ceramide phosphoethanolamine.
Catalysis of the reaction leukotriene C(4) + H2O= leukotriene D(4) + L-glutamate.
(4S)-4-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,3-dione isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction (4S)-4-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,3-dione = 3-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,4-dione.
Catalysis of the reaction:a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate + H20=a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside + phosphate.
obsolete generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling
OBSOLETE. The cellular process that creates a physical entity or change in state, i.e. a signal, that originates in one cell and is used to transfer information to another cell. This process begins with the initial formation of the signal and ends with the mature form and placement of the signal.
The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.
follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in fused antrum stage
The ovulation cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the fused antrum stage of oogenesis.
follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum during fused antrum stage
follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in distinct antral spaces stage
The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the antral spaces stage of oogenesis.
follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum during distinct antral spaces stage
follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in scattered antral spaces stage
The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the scattered antral spaces stage of oogenesis.
follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum during scattered antral spaces stage
developmental process involved in reproduction
A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring.
The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.
A process in which force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control.
A process in which force is generated within voluntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the voluntary skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and it is under voluntary control. Voluntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is under conscious control.
A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Involuntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is not under conscious control.
A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers.
A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism.
A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila).
A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange.
The flow of lymph through the body of an animal.
A circulatory process that occurs at the level of the vasculature.
central nervous system control of baroreceptor feedback
The neurological process in which nerve impulses arising in the aorta or the carotid sinuses travel to the medulla and reach the nucleus of tractus solaris.
detection of reduced oxygen by chemoreceptor signaling
The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.
detection of reduced oxygen by chemoreceptor signalling
detection of increased carbon dioxide by chemoreceptor signaling
The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.
detection of increased carbon dioxide by chemoreceptor signalling
detection of pH by chemoreceptor signaling
The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors.
detection of pH by chemoreceptor signalling
baroreceptor detection of increased arterial stretch
The series of events by which an increase in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.
baroreceptor detection of decreased arterial stretch
The series of events by which a decrease in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by baroreceptor feedback
The neural regulation of blood pressure in which baroreceptors sense the amount of stretch occurring in vessels and respond to the input via central nervous system control.
baroreceptor regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic arch baroreceptor feedback
The process that modulates blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in the aorta and responding to the input via central nervous system control.
aortic arch baroreceptor control of systemic arterial blood pressure
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the carotid bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.
carotid body chemoreceptor regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
carotid body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid body chemoreceptor signalling
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the aortic bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.
aortic body chemoreceptor regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
aortic body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic body chemoreceptor signalling
detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies.
detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by carotid body chemoreceptor signalling
The series of events in which a hydrogen ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events in which a carbon dioxide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events in which an oxygen stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies.
detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by aortic body chemoreceptor signalling
detection of increased carbon dioxide by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.
detection of increased carbon dioxide by aortic body chemoreceptor signalling
detection of increased carbon dioxide by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.
detection of increased carbon dioxide by carotid body chemoreceptor signalling
detection of pH by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.
detection of pH by aortic body chemoreceptor signalling
detection of pH by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.
detection of pH by carotid body chemoreceptor signalling
detection of reduced oxygen by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.
detection of reduced oxygen by aortic body chemoreceptor signalling
detection of reduced oxygen by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.
detection of reduced oxygen by carotid body chemoreceptor signalling
excitation of vasomotor center by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
The process in which the molecular signal from an aortic body is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure.
excitation of vasomotor center by aortic body chemoreceptor signalling
excitation of vasomotor center by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
The process in which the molecular signal from a carotid body is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure.
excitation of vasomotor center by carotid body chemoreceptor signalling
vasoconstriction of artery involved in carotid body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure
A process that is triggered by carotid body-vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
vasoconstriction of artery during carotid body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure
vasoconstriction of artery involved in aortic body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure
A process that is triggered by aortic body-vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
vasoconstriction of artery during aortic body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure mediated by a chemical signal
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by biochemical signaling: hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.
blood pressure regulation mediated by a chemical signal
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by physical factors
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of forces within the circulatory system.
blood pressure regulation by physical factors
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by stress relaxation
The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from stress relaxation that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Stress relaxation is the adaptation of vessels to a new size as a result of changes in pressure in storage areas such as veins, the liver, the spleen, and the lungs.
blood pressure regulation by stress relaxation
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by epinephrine
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the catecholamine signaling molecule epinephrine.
blood pressure regulation by epinephrine
regulation of blood pressure by adrenaline
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by norepinephrine
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the catecholamine signaling molecule norepinephrine.
blood pressure regulation by norepinephrine
regulation of blood pressure by noradrenaline
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by capillary fluid shift
The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from capillary fluid shift that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Capillary fluid shift is the movement of fluid across the capillary membrane between the blood and the interstitial fluid compartment.
blood pressure regulation by capillary fluid shift
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by atrial natriuretic peptide
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule atrial natriuretic peptide.
blood pressure regulation by atrial natriuretic peptide
The drinking behavior that is mediated by the action of angiotensin in the brain. Angiotensin stimulates the brain centers that control thirst.
circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
Any process in which an organism modulates its blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
Any process in which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
circadian regulation of heart contraction rate
circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by the suprachiasmatic nucleus
The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
master pacemaker clock regulation of blood pressure
circadian regulation of heart rate by the suprachiasmatic nucleus
The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
circadian regulation of heart contraction rate by the suprachiasmatic nucleus
master pacemaker clock regulation of heart rate
regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.
regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction
regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal
The regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.
regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction by chemical signal
hormonal regulation of the force of heart contraction
The process in which the hormones modulates the force of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.
hormonal regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine
The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.
adrenaline regulation of the strength of heart muscle contraction
increased force of heart contraction by epinephrine
positive regulation of heart contraction by adrenaline
positive regulation of heart contraction by epinephrine
negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by acetylcholine
The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors and decreases the force of heart muscle contraction.
decreased force of heart contraction by acetylcholine
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by norepinephrine
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart musclecontraction.
increased force of heart contraction by adrenaline
increased force of heart contraction by norepinephrine
noradrenaline regulation of the strength of heart muscle contraction
positive regulation of heart contraction by norepinephrine
regulation of heart rate by chemical signal
The regulation of the rate of heart contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.
chemical signal regulation of heart contraction rate
chemical signal regulation of heart rate
negative regulation of heart rate by acetylcholine
The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors on the pacemaker cells and decreases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
negative regulation of heart contraction rate by acetylcholine
The process in which the hormones modulates the rate of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.
regulation of the rate of heart contraction by hormone
positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine
The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
adrenaline regulation of the rate of heart muscle contraction
positive regulation of heart contraction rate by epinephrine
positive regulation of heart rate by adrenaline
positive regulation of heart rate by norepinephrine
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
noradrenaline regulation of the rate of heart muscle contraction
positive regulation of heart contraction rate by norepinephrine
circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone
The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system contributing to different values of blood pressure oscillating with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by acetylcholine
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by acetylcholine signaling. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter.
blood pressure regulation by acetylcholine
acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
The process in which acetylcholine signaling causes vasodilation, resulting in a change in blood pressure.
vasodilation by acetylcholine involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by neurotransmitter
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by a neurotransmitter. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.
renal system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
Renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.
renal regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
renal control of peripheral vascular resistance involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
The renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system, by impeding blood flow through the peripheral vasculature.
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renal control of peripheral vascular resistence
renal regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by control of peripheral vascular resistence
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the rate of diuresis. Diuresis is the process of renal water excretion.
renal vasodilation of the peripheral vascular system involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
The renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system, by vasodilation of the peripheral vascular system.
renal regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by vasodilation of the peripheral vascular system
obsolete negative regulation of diuresis
OBSOLETE. Any process that reduces the rate of diuresis. Diuresis is the process of renal water excretion.
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natriuresis, the process of renal sodium excretion.
obsolete positive regulation of natriuresis
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natriuresis.
obsolete negative regulation of natriuresis
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of natriuresis, the process of renal sodium excretion.
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin
The process in which renin-angiotensin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.
blood pressure regulation by renin-angiotensin
obsolete positive regulation of renal output by angiotensin
OBSOLETE. Any process in which angiotensin directly increases the rate of natriuresis and diuresis in the kidney.
negative regulation of renal output by angiotensin
The process in which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of natriuresis and diuresis in the kidney.
angiotensin mediated negative regulation of renal output
angiotensin-mediated negative regulation of renal output
positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
The process that increases the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.
negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
The process that reduces the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by local renal renin-angiotensin
The process in which angiotensinogen metabolites in the kidney modulate the force with which blood passes through the renal circulatory system. The process begins when renin cleaves angiotensinogen.
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine
The process in which the release of epinephrine from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.
increased force of heart contraction by epinephrine released from the nerve endings
increased force of heart contraction by neuronal adrenaline
increased force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine
positive regulation of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine
The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.
increased force of heart contraction by circulating adrenaline
increased force of heart contraction by epinephrine in the bloodstream
positive regulation of heart contraction by circulating adrenaline
positive regulation of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine-norepinephrine
Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream.
increased force of heart contraction by circulating adrenaline-noradrenaline
increased force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine-norepinephrine
increased force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine in the blood stream
positive regulation of heart contraction by circulating adrenaline-noradrenaline
positive regulation of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine-norepinephrine
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine-norepinephrine
Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine released from the nerve endings.
increased force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine released from the nerve endings
increased force of heart contraction by neuronal adrenaline-noradrenaline
increased force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine-norepinephrine
Renal process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water in the body.
The process in which renal water excretion is decreased.
negative regulation of renal water excretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process in which blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.
The process in which plasma is filtered through the glomerular membrane which consists of capillary endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and epithelial cells. The glomerular filtrate is the same as plasma except it has no significant amount of protein.
The process in which the volume of blood increases renal pressure and thereby results in both an increase in urine volume (diuresis) and an increase in the amount of sodium excreted in the urine (natriuresis).
The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) by the renal system.
The directed movement of water (H2O) by the renal system.
The process in which blood volume is regulated due to a change in the rate of glomerular filtration. This is accomplished by a feedback mechanism that senses changes in the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal
Any process which increases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.
positive regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction by chemical signal
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin
The process in which endothelin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. Endothelin is a hormone that is released by the endothelium, and it is a vasoconstrictor.
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory epinephrine-norepinephrine
The process in which epinephrine-norepinephrine modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.
regulation of blood pressure by circulating adrenaline-noradrenaline
obsolete positive regulation of diuresis by angiotensin
OBSOLETE. Any process mediated by angiotensin that increases the rate of diuresis.
obsolete positive regulation of diuresis
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of diuresis. Diuresis is the process of renal water excretion.
positive regulation of glomerular filtration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.
negative regulation of glomerular filtration
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.
negative regulation of glomerular filtration by angiotensin
The process in which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of glomerular filtration in the kidney. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.
angiotensin-mediated regulation of glomerular filtration
regulation of glomerular filtration by angiotensin
obsolete positive regulation of natriuresis by angiotensin
OBSOLETE. The process in which angiotensin increases the rate of natriuresis indirectly via diuresis. Natriuresis is the process of renal sodium excretion.
negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal
Any process which decreases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.
negative regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction by chemical signal
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating norepinephrine
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.
increased force of heart contraction by circulating noradrenaline
increased force of heart contraction by circulating norepinephrine
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal norepinephrine
The process in which the release of norepinephrine from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.
increased force of heart contraction by neuronal noradrenaline
increased force of heart contraction by neuronal norepinephrine
positive regulation of heart rate by circulating epinephrine
The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
positive regulation of heart rate by circulating adrenaline
positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal epinephrine
The process in which the secretion of epinephrine from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal adrenaline
positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal norepinephrine
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal noradrenaline
positive regulation of heart rate by circulating norepinephrine
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
positive regulation of heart rate by circulating noradrenaline
regulation of vasoconstriction by epinephrine
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.
regulation of vasoconstriction by norepinephrine
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.
regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating norepinephrine
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream.
regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating noradrenaline
regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal norepinephrine
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of norepinephrine released by nerve endings.
regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal noradrenaline
regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal epinephrine
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of epinephrine released by nerve endings.
regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal adrenaline
regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating epinephrine
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream.
regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating adrenaline
A vasodilation process resulting from secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.
regulation of vasodilation by adrenaline
regulation of vasodilation by circulating adrenaline
regulation of vasodilation by circulating epinephrine
regulation of vasodilation by epinephrine
regulation of vasodilation by neuronal adrenaline
regulation of vasodilation by neuronal epinephrine
A vasodilation process resulting from secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.
regulation of vasodilation by circulating noradrenaline
regulation of vasodilation by circulating norepinephrine
regulation of vasodilation by neuronal noradrenaline
regulation of vasodilation by neuronal norepinephrine
regulation of vasodilation by noradrenaline
regulation of vasodilation by norepinephrine
The series of events by which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cilium on a cell and converted to a molecular signal contributing to left/right asymmetry.
The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area in which the heart will develop.
The close range interaction between mesoderm and endoderm or ectoderm that causes cells to change their fates and specify the development of the heart.
BMP signaling pathway involved in heart induction
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to heart induction.
BMP signalling pathway involved in heart induction
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells.
mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells that contributes to heart induction.
mesodermal-endodermal cell signalling involved in heart induction
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells.
endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells that contributes to heart induction.
endodermal-mesodermal cell signalling involved in heart induction
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart induction
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to heart induction.
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in heart induction
negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt signaling pathway
Any canonical Wnt signaling that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of heart induction.
negative regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification by Wnt receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway
negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway
Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.
Notch signalling pathway involved in heart induction
The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle.
The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract).
determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm
The establishment of the lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.
obsolete transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
OBSOLETE. The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transforming growth factor beta receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry determination.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the cardiogenic plate are generated and organized. The cardiogenic plate is the first recognizable structure derived from the heart field.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
embryonic heart tube formation via epithelial folding
The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube by the cells of the heart field along a linear axis.
The morphogenetic process in which the heart cone is displaced to the left with respect to the vector of the anterior-posterior axis.
neural crest cell migration involved in heart formation
The characteristic movement of a cell from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube towards the heart and that contributes to heart formation.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.
The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum.
The process in which the muscular septum is generated and organized. The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.
morphogenesis of an epithelial fold involved in embryonic heart tube formation
The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis, contributing to embryonic heart tube formation.
Creation of the central hole of the embryonic heart tube by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold.
BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right symmetry
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the determination of left/right symmetry.
BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
BMP signalling pathway involved in determination of left/right symmetry
BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor that contributes to the determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry.
BMP signaling pathway involved in lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry determination
BMP signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation. Organ formation is the process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.
The process in which the anatomical structure of an endothelium is generated and organized. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardium is generated and organized. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat.
cardiac impulse conducting system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrioventricular (AV) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The AV node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of ventricle contraction by receiving electrical signals from the sinoatrial (SA) node and relaying them to the His-Purkinje system.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sinoatrial (SA) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The SA node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the His-Purkinje system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Purkinje myocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber) is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bundle of His over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bundle of His is part of the His-Purkinje system that transmits signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.
atrioventricular bundle cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the atrioventricular bundle. These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that transmit signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber cell). These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that receive signals from the bundle of His and innervate the ventricular cardiac muscle.
cardiac Purkinje fiber cell differentiation
The process in which the anatomical structures of veins of the heart are generated and organized.
The progression of a heart valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A heart valve is a structure that restricts the flow of blood to different regions of the heart and forms from an endocardial cushion.
The progression of the atrioventricular valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The progression of the sinoatrial valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The progression of the ventriculo bulbo valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The progression of the mitral valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The progression of the tricuspid valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The progression of the aortic valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The progression of the pulmonary valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The progression of the valve of the coronary sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the structure of a heart valve is generated and organized.
The process in which the structure of the aortic valve is generated and organized.
The process in which the structure of the atrioventricular valve is generated and organized.
The process in which the structure of the coronary sinus valve is generated and organized.
The process in which the structure of the mitral valve is generated and organized.
The process in which the structure of the pulmonary valve is generated and organized.
The process in which the structure of the sinoatrial valve is generated and organized.
The process in which the structure of the tricuspid valve is generated and organized.
The process in which the structure of the ventriculo bulbo valve is generated and organized.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a heart valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the aortic valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the atrioventricular valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the coronary sinus valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the mitral valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the pulmonary valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinoatrial valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the tricuspid valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ventriculo bulbo valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation
A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the endocardial cushion.
endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation
A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of a cardiac valve.
endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in valve formation
endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart chamber septation
A transition where an endocardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the heart septum.
epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in coronary vasculature morphogenesis
A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the shaping of the coronary vasculature.
endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac skeleton development
A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will give rise to the cardiac skeleton.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
The progression of the cardiac skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac skeleton is a specialized extracellular matrix that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart.
The progression of a cardiac chamber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
The process in which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
The process in which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
The process in which the left cardiac atrium is generated and organized.
The process in which the right cardiac atrium is generated and organized.
The process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.
The process in which the right cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac atrium from unspecified parts.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac right atrium from unspecified parts.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a right cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.
left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of left cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
left ventricular myocardium morphogenesis
right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the right cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
right ventricle myocardium morphogenesis
ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the compact cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
left ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized.
left ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular trabecular myocardium are generated and organized.
right ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized.
right ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular myocardium are generated and organized.
atrial cardiac muscle tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle of the atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bulbus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic heart chamber.
The process in which the bulbus arteriosus is generated and organized. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic cardiac chamber.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the bulbus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic chamber of the heart.
The progression of the sinus venosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.
The process in which the sinus venosus is generated and organized. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinus venosus from unspecified parts. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.
The progression of the conus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.
The process in which the conus arteriosus is generated and organized. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the conus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.
Developmental growth that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
The morphogenic growth in which the chambers of the heart expand in size, contributing to their shaping.
circumferential growth involved in left ventricle morphogenesis
The morphogenetic growth in which the left ventricle grows expanding its external boundary.
radial growth involved in right ventricle morphogenesis
The morphogenic growth in which the right ventricle grows along a radial axis.
cardiac muscle tissue growth involved in heart morphogenesis
The developmental growth of cardiac muscle tissue that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
embryonic cardiac muscle cell growth involved in heart morphogenesis
The growth of a cardiac muscle cell during the embryonic period, that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
embryonic cardiac muscle physiological hypertrophy
post-embryonic cardiac muscle cell growth involved in heart morphogenesis
The growth of a cardiac muscle cell during the postembryonic period that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
The increase in heart capillaries that accompanies physiological hypertrophy of cardiac muscle.
cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis
The multiplication or reproduction of cells that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.
regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.
positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.
negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.
cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, usually from negative to positive.
endocardial precursor cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial precursor cell. A endocardial precursor cell is a cell that has been committed to a endocardial cell fate, but will undergo further cell divisions rather than terminally differentiate.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of a myocardial precursor cell.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of a myocardial precursor cell.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in endocardial precursor cell differentiation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of an endocardial precursor cell.
The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the head and laterally to form the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
The orderly movement of a cardiac progenitor cell to form the heart field. Cardiac progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into cells of the heart. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
cardiac muscle progenitor cell migration to the midline involved in heart field formation
The orderly movement of a myocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into myocardial cells of the heart.
myocardial progenitor cell midline convergence
endocardial progenitor cell migration to the midline involved in heart field formation
The orderly movement of an endocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into endocardial cells of the heart.
The multiplication or reproduction of cardioblasts, resulting in the expansion of the population in the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
regulation of primary heart field cardioblast proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the primary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle.
regulation of FHF cardioblast proliferation
regulation of first heart field cardiac proliferation
regulation of first heart field cardioblast proliferation
regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract).
regulation of second heart field cardioblast proliferation
regulation of SHF cardioblast proliferation
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
A canonical Wnt signaling pathway that contributes to an increase in the frequency, or rate of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of second heart field cardioblast proliferation
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in positive regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast cell proliferation
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of second heart field cardioblast cell proliferation
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast cell proliferation
BMP signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
BMP signaling pathway involved in regulation of second heart field cardioblast proliferation
BMP signalling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
Notch signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
Notch signaling pathway involved in regulation of second heart field cardioblast proliferation
Notch signalling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
hedgehog signaling pathway involved in regulation of second heart field cardioblast proliferation
hh signaling pathway involved in regulation of second heart field cardioblast proliferation
smoothened receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
smoothened receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of second heart field cardioblast proliferation
smoothened receptor signalling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
cell migration involved in endocardial cushion formation
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
The cell-cell adhesion process of mesenchymal cardiac cushion cells that contributes to the process of cushion shaping.
apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.
apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
apoptotic process involved in heart valve morphogenesis
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.
apoptosis involved in heart valve morphogenesis
apoptotic process involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
apoptosis involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis
apoptotic process involved in heart morphogenesis
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
apoptosis involved in heart morphogenesis
The progression of a cardiac septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.
The progression of the ventricular septum over time from its formation to the mature structure.
ventricular septum intermedium development
The progression of the ventricular septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The progression of the atrial septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.
The progression of the septum primum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The progression of the septum secundum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.
The progression of the atrial septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
ventricular septum intermedium morphogenesis
The developmental process in which a ventricular septum intermedium is generated and organized.
The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum primum is generated and organized.
The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum secundum is generated and organized.
The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum intermedium is generated and organized.
The process in which an endocardial cushion cell becomes a cell of a cardiac septum.
The process in which an endocardial cushion cell give rise to a cell that is part of a heart valve.
The reorganization or renovation of heart tissue that contributes to the maturation of the connection between an atrium and a ventricle.
cell proliferation involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling
The multiplication or reproduction of cells that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction.
cell proliferation involved in atrioventricular junction remodeling
cell proliferation involved in atrio-ventricular junction remodeling
apoptotic process involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction.
apoptosis involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling
apoptosis involved in atrioventricular junction remodeling
apoptosis involved in atrio-ventricular junction remodeling
The morphogenetic process in which the aorta inserts between the atrioventricular valves, contributing to the shaping of the heart.
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development.
muscle hypertrophy in response to stress
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division.
physiological cardiac muscle hypertrophy
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. This process contributes to the developmental growth of the heart.
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in heart jogging
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the process of heart jogging.
transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway involved in heart jogging
BMP signaling pathway involved in heart jogging
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the process of heart jogging.
BMP signalling pathway involved in heart jogging
myocardial epithelial involution involved in heart jogging
The morphogenetic process in which the myocardium bends along a linear axis and contributes to the process of heart jogging.
cell migration involved in heart jogging
The orderly movement of a cell of the myocardium from one site to another that will contribute to heart jogging.
Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.
Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development
Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.
regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development
regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.
negative regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.
pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell differentiation
The progression of the heart rudiment over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The heart rudiment is a cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the heart rudiment are generated and organized.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart rudiment.
establishment of myocardial progenitor cell apical/basal polarity
The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an myocardial progenitor cell that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.
myocardial progenitor epithelial polarization
The attachment of cardiac progenitor cells to one another that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.
cell migration to the midline involved in heart development
The orderly movement of a cell toward the midline that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.
cardioblast migration to the midline involved in heart rudiment formation
The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the midline that contributes to the initial appearance of the heart rudiment.
The inward folding of myocardial tissue derived from the right half of the heart rudiment that will form the future ventral part of the heart tube.
positive regulation of blood pressure by epinephrine-norepinephrine
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased by the chemicals epinephrine and norepinephrine.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic A cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic delta cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic PP cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.
The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic A cell and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.
The commitment of a cell to a type B pancreatic cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.
The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic D cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic D cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.
The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic PP cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic PP cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.
regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.
positive regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.
negative regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.
The process in which an amino acid is transported across a membrane.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A corneocyte is the last stage of development of a keratinocyte where the keratinocyte flattens, loses its nucleus and eventually delaminates from the epidermis.
The delamination process that results in the shedding of a corneocyte from the surface of the epidermis.
mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis
A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.
metanephric mesenchyme to epithelial transition
The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephros are generated and organized.
regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.
negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.
The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.
The progression of the proepicardium from its formation to the mature structure. The proepicardium is an outpouching of the septum transversum.
The progression of the septum transversum from its initial formation to the mature structure. The septum transversum is a portion of the trunk mesenchyme.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the pericardium is generated and organized.
proepicardium cell migration involved in pericardium morphogenesis
The coordinated movement of a mesenchymal proepicardial cell to the surface of the developing heart.
epicardium-derived cell migration to the myocardium
The orderly movement of a cell that have undergone an epithelial to mesenchymal transition from the epicardium into the myocardium.
epicardial cell to mesenchymal cell transition
A transition where an epicardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. The epicardium is a part of the pericardium.
cardiac endothelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.
epicardium-derived cardiac endothelial cell differentiation
The process in which an epicardial cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.
The progression of the pulmonary myocardium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein.
epithelial cilium movement involved in extracellular fluid movement
The directed, self-propelled movement of cilia of epithelial cells. Depending on the type of cell, there may be one or many cilia per cell. This movement is usually coordinated between many epithelial cells, and serves to move extracellular fluid.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.
regulation of microtubule-based flagellum movement
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.
positive regulation of flagellar movement
positive regulation of flagellum movement
positive regulation of microtubule-based flagellum movement
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.
negative regulation of flagellum movement
negative regulation of microtubule-based flagellum movement
cilium movement involved in otolith formation
The directed, self-propelled movement of cilia of inner ear epithelial cells, resulting the aggregation of otolith seed particles.
Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.
regulation of microtubule-based flagellum beat frequency
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron, a neuron that secretes noradrenaline.
norepinephrine secreting neuron differentiation
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a noradrenergic neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
norepinephrine secreting neuron development
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a noradrenergic neuron.
norepinephrine secreting neuron fate commitment
The progression of the brainstem from its formation to the mature structure. The brainstem is the part of the brain that connects the brain with the spinal cord.
noradrenergic neuron differentiation involved in brainstem development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.
noradrenergic neuron fate commitment involved in brainstem development
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.
lamellipodium assembly involved in ameboidal cell migration
Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell that contributes to the directed self propelled movement of a cell.
lamellipodium assembly involved in mesendodermal cell migration
Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell that contributes to the directed self-propelled movement of a mesendodermal cell.
establishment of cell polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration
The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell.
cell-matrix adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration
The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of an ameboid cell.
cell-cell adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration
The attachment of one ameboid cell to another that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of one of the cells.
cell-matrix adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration
The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.
establishment of cell polarity involved in mesendodermal cell migration
The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.
cell-cell adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration
The attachment of mesendodermal cells to each other that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of the cells of the mesendoderm.
establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell.
establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in mesendodermal cell migration
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating mesendodermal cell.
dynamin family protein polymerization involved in membrane fission
The process of creating dynamin family protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of dynamin family protein monomers. Dynamin family protein polymers form around lipid tubes and contribute to membrane fission.
dynamin family protein polymerization involved in mitochondrial fission
The process of creating dynamin protein family polymers, compounds composed of a large number of dynamin family monomers around a lipid tube of a dividing mitochondrion. Dynamin polymers form around lipid tubes and contribute to membrane fission.
regulation of dynamin family protein polymerization involved in membrane fission
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dynamin family protein polymerization involved in mitochondrial fission.
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by sphingosine-1-phosphate binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
S1P-activated G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
S1P-stimulated signal transduction pathway
obsolete regulation of apoptosis by sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway
OBSOLETE. A sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of apoptosis.
obsolete regulation of inflammatory response by sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway
OBSOLETE. A sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the inflammatory response.
establishment of cell polarity involved in gastrulation cell migration
The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.
establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in gastrulation
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.
epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in gastrulation
The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from it initial formation to its mature state, contributing to the process of gastrulation.
The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.
The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell.
apical constriction involved in gastrulation
The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell, contributing to the process of gastrulation.
cell-cell signaling involved in amphid sensory organ development
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of an amphid sensory organ over time, from its formation to the mature state.
cell-cell signalling involved in amphid sensory organ development
The progression of the amphid sensory organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Amphid sensory organs are the sensory organs of nematodes.
neuron differentiation involved in amphid sensory organ development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that contributes to the progression of the amphid sensory gland.
neuron development involved in amphid sensory organ development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, that contributes to the development of the amphid sensory organ.
The progression of a neuronal projection over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.
dendrite development by retrograde extension
The progression of a dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the neuron to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.
amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension
The progression of an amphid sensory organ's neuronal dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.
cell adhesion involved in retrograde extension
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix that contributes to the process of retrograde extension.
neuron migration involved in retrograde extension
The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension.
cell adhesion involved in dendrite retrograde extension
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite.
neuron migration involved in dendrite retrograde extension
The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite.
cell adhesion involved in amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension
The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite in a neuron of the amphid sensory organ.
neuron migration involved in amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension
The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite of a neuron in the amphid sensory organ.
glial cell differentiation involved in amphid sensory organ development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the amphid sensory organ.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a cytoneme are shaped. A cytoneme is a long, thin and polarized actin-based cytoplasmic extension that projects from a cell.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
The developmental growth that results in the elongation of a line that defines polarity or symmetry in an anatomical structure.
planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to axis elongation.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic vesicle from the lateral wall of the forebrain. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.
The developmental process pertaining to the formation and shaping of the optic vesicle. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.
The developmental growth that results in the lengthening of the optic vesicle in the posterior direction.
The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells.
The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.
optic cup formation involved in camera-type eye development
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic cup, a two-walled vesicle formed from the optic vesicle.
The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the optic cup. This process pertains to the physical shaping of the rudimentary structure.
A 90 degree-rotation of the optic cup resulting in its alignment with the anterior-posterior body axis.
cell motility involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis
Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another and contributes to the physical shaping or formation of the camera-type eye.
establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis
The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell that contributes to the shaping of a camera-type eye.
chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis
The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
chondrocyte morphogenesis involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis
The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte that will contribute to bone development are generated and organized.
The growth of a chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time.
The increase in size or mass of an endochondral bone that contributes to the shaping of the bone.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones as they elongate or grow.
growth plate cartilage chondrocyte differentiation
The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the growth of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
growth plate cartilage axis specification
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the columnar cartilage along the axis of a long bone that contributes to bone growth.
growth plate cartilage axis determination
The process in which the anatomical structures of growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.
growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division
The process resulting in the oriented physical partitioning and separation of a chondrocytes in the growth plate.
establishment of cell polarity involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division
The cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization that results in the directional division of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte.
growth plate cartilage chondrocyte polarization
establishment of mitotic spindle orientation involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division
A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures and contributes to oriented chondrocyte division in the growth plate.
cytoskeleton polarization involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the polarization of cytoskeletal structures in a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte. This process results in the oriented division of the cell.
regulation of cytoskeleton polarization involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the polarization of cytoskeletal structures in a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte. This process results in the oriented division of the cell.
regulation of cytoskeleton polarization involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division by planar cell polarity pathway
chondrocyte intercalation involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis
The orderly movement of a chondrocyte from one site to another that contributes to the shaping of growth plate cartilage in an endochondral bone.
growth plate cartilage chondrocyte morphogenesis
The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte in the growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.
growth plate cartilage chondrocyte growth
The growth of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time from one condition to another.
growth plate cartilage chondrocyte hypertrophy
growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development
The progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time from after its fate commitment to the mature cell.
cell growth involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte morphogenesis
The growth of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the shaping of the chondrocyte over time.
chondrocyte development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis
The progression of a chondrocyte over time from after its commitment to its mature state where the chondrocyte will contribute to the shaping of an endochondral bone.
BMP signaling pathway involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time.
BMP signalling pathway involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development
smoothened signaling pathway involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened that contributes to the progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time.
hedgehog signaling pathway involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development
hh signaling pathway involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development
smoothened signalling pathway involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development
regulation of cell adhesion involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix and contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage of an endochondral bone.
regulation of cell communication involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication that contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage.
OBSOLETE. A controlled vocabulary that can be applied to all organisms even as knowledge of gene and protein roles in cells is accumulating and changing. GO provides three structured networks of defined terms to describe gene product attributes.
A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs.
Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Unwinding of a DNA helix, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding
Binding to a DNA structure formed by the minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA regions. Examples of proteins having this function are AT-rich interaction domain (ARID)-containing proteins.
Binding to chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
nuclear membrane vesicle binding to chromatin
Binding to a DNA replication origin, a unique DNA sequence of a replicon at which DNA replication is initiated and proceeds bidirectionally or unidirectionally.
Facilitating the opening of the ring structure of the PCNA complex, or any of the related sliding clamp complexes, and their closing around the DNA duplex, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
Binding to double-stranded telomere-associated DNA.
Binding to DNA in the Z form, i.e. a left-handed helix in which the phosphate backbone zigzags.
Binding to a P-element, a class of Drosophila transposon responsible for hybrid dysgenesis.
OBSOLETE. Interacting selectively with a plasmid, an extrachromosomal genetic element usually characterized as a covalently continuous double stranded DNA molecule found in bacteria and some other microorganisms.
OBSOLETE. Binding to DNA in a random coil configuration.
Binding to satellite DNA, the many tandem repeats (identical or related) of a short basic repeating unit; many have a base composition or other property different from the genome average that allows them to be separated from the bulk (main band) genomic DNA.
DNA-binding transcription factor activity
A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
bacterial-type DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
DNA binding transcription factor activity
gene-specific transcription factor activity
metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity
metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity
sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription enhancer sequence-specific binding
transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
obsolete RNA polymerase I transcription factor activity
OBSOLETE. Functions to initiate or regulate RNA polymerase I transcription.
obsolete RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
OBSOLETE. Functions to initiate or regulate RNA polymerase II transcription.
obsolete specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
OBSOLETE. Functions to enable the transcription of specific, or specific sets, of genes by RNA polymerase II.
obsolete ligand-regulated transcription factor activity
OBSOLETE. Functions to enable the transcription of specific, or specific sets, of genes by RNA polymerase II in response to a ligand.
Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.
obsolete RNA polymerase III transcription factor activity
OBSOLETE. Functions to initiate or regulate RNA polymerase III transcription.
transcription elongation factor activity
A molecular function that stimulates the elongation properties of the RNA polymerase during the elongation phase of transcription. A subclass of transcription elongation factors enable the transition from transcription initiation to elongation, while another class rescue stalled RNA polymerases.
transcriptional elongation regulator activity
transcription elongation regulator activity
A transcription regulator activity that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coregulators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coregulators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators.
RNA polymerase II transcriptional cofactor activity
A transcription coregulator activity that activates or increases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coactivators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coactivators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators. A fourth class of coactivator activity is the bridging of a DNA-binding transcription factor to the general (basal) transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, which bridges sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase, is also a transcription coactivator.
RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator activity
RNA polymerase II transcription co-activator activity
RNA polymerase II transcription mediator activity
A transcription coregulator activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Corepressors often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription corepressors modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators.
RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor activity
RNA polymerase II transcription co-repressor activity
obsolete transcription termination factor activity
OBSOLETE. Any activity that brings about termination of transcription.
obsolete RNA polymerase I transcription termination factor activity
OBSOLETE. Any activity that brings about termination of transcription by RNA polymerase I.
obsolete RNA polymerase II transcription termination factor activity
OBSOLETE. Any activity that brings about termination of transcription by RNA polymerase II.
obsolete RNA polymerase III transcription termination factor activity
OBSOLETE. Any activity that brings about termination of transcription by RNA polymerase III.
obsolete transcription factor binding, cytoplasmic sequestering
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence.
telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity
Catalysis of the extension of the 3' end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time. Cannot initiate a chain de novo; uses the RNA subunit of the telomerase enzyme complex as its template.
Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.
Unwinding of an RNA helix, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3, in a double-stranded RNA molecule.
double-stranded RNA specific editase activity
Binding to messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns.
Binding to a 3' untranslated region of an mRNA molecule.
OBSOLETE. Interacting selectively with the 7-methylguanosine cap at the 5' end of a nascent messenger RNA transcript.
OBSOLETE. Interacting selectively with the cap structure at the 5' end of a small nuclear RNA molecule.
obsolete small nuclear ribonucleoprotein
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the ribosome.
Functions in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.
Functions in chain elongation during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
Involved in catalyzing the release of a nascent polypeptide chain from a ribosome.
OBSOLETE. Assists in the correct non-covalent assembly of polypeptide-containing structures in vivo, but is not a component of these assembled structures when they are performing their normal biological function.
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-proline (omega=180) = peptidyl-proline (omega=0).
cyclophilin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity
FK506-sensitive peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase
juglone-sensitive cis-trans proline isomerase activity
juglone-sensitive peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity
peptidylproline cis-trans-isomerase activity
peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase activity
Catalysis of the rearrangement of both intrachain and interchain disulfide bonds in proteins.
obsolete glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
OBSOLETE. Assists in the correct, non-covalent assembly of glycoproteins in vivo, but is not a component of the assembled structures when performing its normal biological function. Utilizes a lectin site as a means to associate with the unfolded glycoproteins.
obsolete histone-specific chaperone activity
OBSOLETE. Assists in chromatin assembly by chaperoning histones on to replicating DNA, but is not a component of the assembled nucleosome when performing its normal biological function.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. The hydrolysis of ATP involved in maintaining an unfolded polypeptide structure before folding or to entry into mitochondria and chloroplasts.
OBSOLETE. Co-chaperones are proteins that bind to chaperones and this complex then folds misfolded proteins. Co-chaperones by themselves do not possess chaperone activity.
OBSOLETE. Co-chaperonins are proteins that bind to chaperones and this complex then folds misfolded proteins. Co-chaperonins by themselves do not possess chaperone activity.
OBSOLETE. Any of a group of specific proteins that are synthesized by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells after they have been exposed to a temperature that is higher than normal. Other stresses, e.g. free radical damage, have a similar effect. Many members of the hsp family are not induced but are present in all cells. They are characterized by their role as molecular chaperones.
Generation of force resulting in movement, for example along a microfilament or microtubule, or in torque resulting in membrane scission or rotation of a flagellum. The energy required is obtained either from the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate or by an electrochemical proton gradient (proton-motive force).
A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity
Binding to monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.
OBSOLETE. Interacting selectively with two actin filaments to anchor them together.
obsolete barbed-end actin capping activity
obsolete barbed-end actin capping/severing activity
Binding to monomeric actin, also known as G-actin.
Binding to an actin filament along its length.
obsolete actin monomer sequestering activity
Binding to an actin subunit and promoting its dissociation from an actin filament by a local change in actin subunit conformation and orientation, and severing of filaments.
obsolete membrane associated actin binding
obsolete regulation of actin thin filament length activity
obsolete defense/immunity protein activity
OBSOLETE. Any activity that plays a role in the defense/immune response of an organism against infection and disease.
obsolete acute-phase response protein activity
OBSOLETE. Inhibits the growth of, or directly kills, microbial cells.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the beta-(1->4) linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan.
mucopeptide N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
OBSOLETE. Inhibits the growth of, or directly kills, bacterial cells.
obsolete male-specific antibacterial peptide activity
OBSOLETE. Inhibits the growth of, or directly kills, bacterial cells, but which is only expressed in males.
OBSOLETE. Inhibits the growth of, or directly kills, fungal cells.
obsolete antiviral response protein activity
OBSOLETE. A protein involved in an antiviral response.
obsolete blood coagulation factor activity
obsolete coagulation factor VIIa activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the selective cleavage of one Arg-Ile bond in factor X to form factor Xa, and on factor IX to form factor IXa beta.
obsolete coagulation factor IXa activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the selective cleavage of the Arg-Ile bond in factor X to form factor Xa.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential cleavage of Arg-Thr and then Arg-Ile bonds in prothrombin to form thrombin, and on factor VII, which it converts to a two-chain form (factor VIIa).
obsolete coagulation factor XIa activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the selective cleavage of Arg-Ala and Arg-Val bonds in factor IX to form factor IXa.
obsolete coagulation factor XIIa activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the selective cleavage of Arg-Ile bonds in factor VII to form factor VIIa and factor XI to form factor XIa.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the selective cleavage of Arg-Xaa and Lys-Xaa bonds, including Lys-Arg and Arg-Ser bonds in (human) kininogen to release bradykinin.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the degradation of blood coagulation factors Va and VIIIa.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential cleavage of Arg-Gly; activates fibrinogen to fibrin and releases fibrinopeptide A and B.
protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protein glutamine + alkylamine = protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3. This reaction is the formation of the N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine isopeptide, resulting in cross-linking polypeptide chains; the gamma-carboxamide groups of peptidyl-glutamine residues act as acyl donors, and the 6-amino-groups of peptidyl-lysine residues act as acceptors, to give intra- and intermolecular N6-(5-glutamyl)lysine cross-links.
glutaminylpeptide gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
protein-glutamine:amine gamma-glutamyltransferase
R-glutaminyl-peptide:amine gamma-glutamyl transferase activity
OBSOLETE. Any of a set of activities involved in the complement cascade.
obsolete alternative-complement-pathway C3/C5 convertase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of Arg-Ser bond in complement component C3 alpha-chain to yield C3a and C3b, and Arg bond in complement component C5 alpha-chain to yield C5a and C5b.
obsolete classical-complement-pathway C3/C5 convertase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the selective cleavage of Arg-Ser bond in complement component C3 alpha-chain to form C3a and C3b, and Arg bond in complement component C5 alpha-chain to form C5a and C5b.
obsolete complement component C1r activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the selective cleavage of Lys(or Arg)-Ile bond in complement subcomponent C1s to form the active form of C1s (EC:3.4.21.42).
obsolete complement component C1s activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of component C4 to C4a and C4b (Arg-Ala bond), and component C2 to C2a and C2b (Lys-Lys or Arg-Lys bond).
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of component factor B (Arg-Lys) when in complex with C3b or with cobra venom factor (CVF).
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the inactivation of complement subcomponents C3b, iC3b and C4b by proteolytic cleavage.
obsolete major histocompatibility complex antigen
obsolete class I major histocompatibility complex antigen
obsolete class II major histocompatibility complex antigen
Binding to an antigen, any substance which is capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, the specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Binding may counteract the biological activity of the antigen.
Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-glucose-6-phosphate = UDP + alpha,alpha-trehalose-6-phosphate.
alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphate synthase (UDP-forming)
phosphotrehalose-uridine diphosphate transglucosylase activity
trehalose 6-phosphate synthetase activity
trehalosephosphate-UDP glucosyltransferase activity
trehalosephosphate-UDP glucosyl transferase activity
trehalose phosphate-uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:D-glucose-6-phosphate 1-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:D-glucose-6-phosphate 1-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose-glucose-phosphate glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-glucosephosphate glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-glucose-phosphate glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose phosphate glucosyltransferase activity
alpha-1,3-mannosylglycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-(2-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]-alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + H+ + UDP.
alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
alpha-1,3-mannosylglycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I activity
N-glycosyl-oligosaccharide-glycoprotein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:3-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosaminyl:alpha-1,3-D-mannoside-beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosaminyl:alpha-3-D-mannoside beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-alpha-1,3-mannosylglycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
alpha-N-acetylneuraminate alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-R = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-R.
alpha-N-acetylneuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase activity
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactoside alpha-2,8-N-acetylneuraminyltransferase activity
CMP-NeuAc:LM1(alpha-2,8) sialyltranferase activity
CMP-NeuAc:LM1 alpha-(2->8)-sialyltranferase activity
cytidine monophosphoacetylneuraminate-ganglioside GM3
ganglioside GD3 synthetase sialyltransferase activity
beta-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R.
beta(6)-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
beta6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
core 2 acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
O-glycosyl-oligosaccharide-glycoprotein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:O-glycosyl-glycoprotein (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to N-acetyl-D-galactosamine of beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R) beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-mucin beta-(1,6)-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-mucin beta-(1->6)-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
beta-1,4-mannosylglycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + 4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.
beta-1,4-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
beta-1,4-mannosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III activity
N-glycosyl-oligosaccharide-glycoprotein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:beta-D-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-glycopeptide beta4-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-glycopeptide beta-4-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III activity
beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide.
beta-N-acetyl-beta-(1,4)-galactosyltransferase activity
beta-N-acetyl-beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity
glycoprotein 4-beta-galactosyltransferase activity
glycoprotein 4-beta-galactosyl-transferase activity
glycoprotein beta-galactosyltransferase activity
thyroid glycoprotein beta-galactosyltransferase
UDPgalactose:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose-glycoprotein galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose--glycoprotein galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-glycoprotein galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-beta-alanyl dopamine + H2O = dopamine + beta-alanine.
N-beta-alanyl-dopamine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the synthesis of beta-alanyl amine conjugate from a precursor biogenic amine, such as dopamine or histamine.
N-beta-alanyl dopamine synthetase activity
beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-beta-carotene + O2 = 2 all-trans-retinal.
beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase activity
beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->6)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine.
beta-galactosamide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine alpha-2,6-N-acetylneuraminyltransferase activity
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity
beta-galactoside (CMP) alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R.
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:beta-D-galactoside alpha-2,3-N-acetylneuraminyl-transferase activity
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine + H2O = beta-alanine + CO2 + NH3.
N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5-alpha-cholest-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-methylene-5-alpha-cholest-8-en-3-beta-ol.
delta(24)-sterol C-methyltransferase activity
delta(24)-sterol methyltransferase activity
delta24-sterol methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-4-methionine:sterol Delta(24)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-4-methionine:sterol delta24-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:Delta(24(23))-sterol methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:Delta24(23)-sterol methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:zymosterol 24-C-methyltransferase activity
zymosterol-24-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid = 5-oxoproline + L-amino acid.
(5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase (cyclizing)
gamma-glutamyl-amino acid cyclotransferase activity
gamma-L-glutamylcyclotransferase activity
obsolete gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (5-L-glutamyl)-peptide + an amino acid = peptide + 5-L-glutamyl-amino acid.
1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate.
1-acylglycero-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity
1-acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferase activity
1-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase activity
1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity
1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase activity
1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity
acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-O-acyltransferase activity
lysophosphatidate acyltransferase activity
lysophosphatidic acid-acyltransferase activity
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity
H2O + L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NAD+ = 2 H+ + L-glutamate + NADH.
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity
L-pyrroline-5-carboxylate-NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity
pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).
(1,3)-beta-glucan (callose) synthase activity
1,3-beta-D-glucan-UDP glucosyltransferase activity
1,3-beta-glucan-uridine diphosphoglucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:(1,3)beta-glucan synthase activity
UDPglucose:1,3-beta-D-glucan 3-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:1,3-beta-D-glucan 3-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose-1,3-beta-D-glucan glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-1,3-beta-D-glucan glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-1,3-beta-glucan glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-beta-glucan glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-1,3-beta-glucan glucosyltransferase activity
1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan chain to a primary hydroxyl group in a similar glucan chain.
1,4-alpha-D-glucan:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 6-alpha-D-(1,4-alpha-D-glucano)-transferase activity
1,4-glucan-6-(1,4-glucano)-transferase activity
alpha-1,4-glucan:alpha-1,4-glucan-6-glycosyltransferase activity
alpha-glucan-branching glycosyltransferase activity
amylo-(1,4->1,6)-transglycosylase activity
amylo-(1,4 to 1,6)transglucosidase activity
11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD(P)+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NAD(P)H + H+.
2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 2-acylglycerol = CoA + diacylglycerol.
acyl-CoA:2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity
acyl coenzyme A-monoglyceride acyltransferase activity
acylglycerol palmitoyltransferase activity
monoacylglycerol acyltransferase activity
1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate.
1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acetohydrolase activity
1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acetylhydrolase activity
2-acetyl-1-alkylglycerophosphocholine esterase activity
alkylacetyl-GPC:acetylhydrolase activity
LDL-associated phospholipase A(2) activity
platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine diphosphokinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + ATP = (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate + AMP + 2 H+.
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase activity
6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin diphosphokinase activity
6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase activity
7,8-dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin diphosphokinase activity
7,8-dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin pyrophosphokinase activity
7,8-dihydroxymethylpterin-pyrophosphokinase activity
ATP:2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine 6'-diphosphotransferase activity
H2-pteridine-CH2OH pyrophosphokinase activity
hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase activity
3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate = 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate + phosphate.
2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphoheptonate aldolase activity
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphoheptonate aldolase activity
2-keto-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonic acid 7-phosphate synthetase activity
3-deoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate synthetase activity
3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptolosonate-7-phosphate synthetase activity
3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthetase activity
7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate D-erythrose-4-phosphate lyase (pyruvate-phosphorylating) activity
7-phospho-2-keto-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate D-erythrose-4-phosphate lyase (pyruvate-phosphorylating) activity
deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthetase activity
D-erythrose-4-phosphate-lyase (pyruvate-phosphorylating) activity
phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase activity
phospho-2-keto-3-deoxyheptanoate aldolase activity
phospho-2-keto-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase activity
phospho-2-keto-3-deoxyheptonic aldolase activity
phospho-2-oxo-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate:D-erythrose-4-phosphate C-(1-carboxyvinyl)transferase (phosphate-hydrolysing, 2-carboxy-2-oxoethyl-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate + H2O = 2-deoxy-D-glucose + phosphate.
2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase activity
2-hydroxyacylsphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + 2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine = UDP + 1-(beta-D-galactosyl)-2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine.
UDPgalactose:2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine 1-beta-D-galactosyl-transferase activity
UDP-galactose:2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine 1-beta-D-galactosyl-transferase activity
UDPgalactose:2-2-hydroxyacylsphingosine galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose-2-hydroxyacylsphingosine galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose-ceramide galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-2-hydroxyacylsphingosine galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + CoA + H+.
3-carboxy-3-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate-lyase (CoA-acetylating) activity
acetyl-CoA:3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl-forming)
alpha-isopropylmalate synthetase activity
alpha-isopropylmalic synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (2E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
2-methyl branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
2-methyl-branched-chain-enoyl-CoA reductase activity
branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
3-beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxy-delta(5)-steroid + NAD+ = a 3-oxo-delta(5)-steroid + NADH + H+.
3beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid dehydrogenase activity
3beta-hydroxy-5-ene-steroid dehydrogenase activity
3-beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid dehydrogenase activity
3beta-hydroxy-5-ene-steroid oxidoreductase activity
3-beta-hydroxy-D5-steroid dehydrogenase activity
3beta-hydroxy-delta5-C27-steroid dehydrogenase/isomerase activity
3beta-hydroxy-delta5-C27-steroid oxidoreductase
3beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
3beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase activity
3beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase/isomerase activity
5-ene-3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
steroid-delta5-3beta-ol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydroquinate = 3-dehydroshikimate + H2O.
3-dehydroquinate hydro-lyase (3-dehydroshikimate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate = 3-dehydroquinate + phosphate.
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH + H+.
beta-hydroxyacylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase activity
beta-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity
beta-hydroxybutyrylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase activity
L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase activity
L-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity
3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = acetoacetate + H+ + NADH.
D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity
obsolete (3R)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = (2E)-butenoyl-CoA + H2O.
3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate.
3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl-CoA hydrolase activity
3-hydroxy-isobutyryl CoA hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate.
(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate hydro-lyase (2-isopropylmaleate-forming)
(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate hydro-lyase activity
alpha-isopropylmalate isomerase activity
beta-isopropylmalate dehydratase activity
3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate + NAD+ = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NADH + H+.
(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase activity
threo-Ds-3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase activity
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + lipoamide = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoamide + CO2.
2-oxoisovalerate (lipoate) dehydrogenase activity
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate:dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase-lipoyllysine 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, acceptor-2-methylpropanoylating)
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate:lipoamide oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-2-methylpropanoylating) activity
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) activity
alpha-keto-alpha-methylvalerate dehydrogenase activity
alpha-ketoisocaproate dehydrogenase activity
alpha-ketoisocaproic-alpha-keto-alpha-methylvaleric dehydrogenase activity
alpha-ketoisocaproic dehydrogenase activity
alpha-ketoisovalerate dehydrogenase activity
alpha-oxoisocaproate dehydrogenase activity
branched-chain (-2-oxoacid) dehydrogenase (BCD) activity
branched-chain 2-keto acid dehydrogenase activity
branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity
branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase activity
branched-chain alpha-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity
branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase activity
branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase activity
branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase activity
dehydrogenase, 2-oxoisovalerate (lipoate) activity
dehydrogenase, branched chain alpha-keto acid activity
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate = tetrahydrofolate + 2-dehydropantoate.
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase activity
5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate:alpha-ketoisovalerate hydroxymethyltransferase activity
alpha-ketoisovalerate hydroxymethyltransferase activity
dehydropantoate hydroxymethyltransferase activity
ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase activity
oxopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase activity
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid + reduced acceptor.
3-keto-delta4-steroid-5alpha-reductase activity
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid:(acceptor) delta4-oxidoreductase activity
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid:acceptor delta4-oxidoreductase activity
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase activity
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid delta4-dehydrogenase activity
4-ene-3-ketosteroid-5alpha-oxidoreductase activity
delta4-3-ketosteroid5alpha-oxidoreductase activity
delta4-3-keto steroid 5alpha-reductase activity
steroid delta4-5alpha-reductase activity
3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphoshikimate + phosphoenolpyruvate = 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate + phosphate.
3-enol-pyruvoylshikimate-5-phosphate synthase activity
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate:3-phosphoshikimate 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + amino group acceptor = succinate semialdehyde + amino acid.
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity
4-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase activity
gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransaminase activity
gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase activity
gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase activity
gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase activity
gamma-aminobutyric transaminase activity
gamma-amino-N-butyrate transaminase activity
glutamate-succinic semialdehyde transaminase activity
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = homogentisate + CO2.
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, decarboxylating)
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase activity
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase activity
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase activity
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase activity
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase activity
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid hydroxylase activity
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H+ + succinyl-CoA = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA.
5-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity
alpha-aminolevulinic acid synthase activity
delta-aminolevulinate synthetase activity
delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase activity
delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity
delta-aminolevulinic synthetase activity
succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)
5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + L-homocysteine = L-methionine + tetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate.
5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
cobalamin-independent methionine synthase activity
methionine synthase (cobalamin-independent) activity
methyltetrahydropteroylpolyglutamate:homocysteine methyltransferase activity
methyltransferase, tetrahydropteroylglutamate-homocysteine transmethylase activity
tetrahydropteroylglutamate-homocysteine transmethylase activity
tetrahydropteroyltriglutamate methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose-6-phosphate = ADP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase activity
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase activity
D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase activity
nucleotide triphosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + ATP = beta-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (phosphorylating)
ATP:beta-D-fructose-6-phosphate 2-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 2-phosphotransferase activity
6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + H+ + triphosphate.
2-amino-4-oxo-6-[(1S,2R)-1,2-dihydroxy-3-triphosphooxypropyl]-7,8-dihydroxypteridine triphosphate-lyase (6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin-forming)
2-amino-4-oxo-6-[(1S,2R)-1,2-dihydroxy-3-triphosphooxypropyl]-7,8-dihydroxypteridine triphosphate lyase activity
6-pyruvoyl tetrahydrobiopterin synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine + H2O = L-arginine + ADP-ribose.
ADP-ribose-L-arginine cleavage enzyme activity
ADP-ribose-L-arginine cleaving enzyme activity
N(omega)-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity
nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity
omega-protein-N-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity
protein ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase activity
protein-nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + H2O = IMP + NH3.
adenosine 5-monophosphate deaminase activity
adenosine 5-phosphate aminohydrolase activity
adenosine monophosphate deaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + ATP = phosphate + P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate.
adenine triphosphate adenylyltransferase activity
bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphate phosphorylase (NDP-forming) activity
diadenosine 5',5'''-P(1),P(4)-tetraphosphate phosphorylase activity
diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate alphabeta-phosphorylase (ADP-forming)
diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate phosphorylase activity
diadenosinetetraphosphate alphabeta-phosphorylase activity
diadenosinetetraphosphate alpha-beta-phosphorylase activity
dinucleoside oligophosphate alphabeta-phosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + ADP + H+ + oxaloacetate + phosphate = ATP + citrate + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate acetyltransferase (isomerizing; ADP-phosphorylating)
acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate acetyltransferase (isomerizing; ADP- phosphorylating) activity
acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [(pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming, ADP-phosphorylating]
adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase activity
ATP:citrate oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-S)-CH(2)COO(-)->acetyl-CoA) (ATP- dephosphorylating) activity
ATP:citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-S)-CH2COO-rightacetyl-CoA] (ATP-dephosphorylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP + diphosphate = ATP + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl-transferase activity
adenosine triphosphate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
phosphoribosyladenosine triphosphate:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
phosphoribosyladenosine triphosphate pyrophosphorylase activity
phosphoribosyladenosine triphosphate synthetase activity
phosphoribosyl-ATP:pyrophosphate-phosphoribosyl phosphotransferase activity
phosphoribosyl ATP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
phosphoribosyl-ATP diphosphorylase activity
phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphorylase activity
protein C-terminal carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the oxygen atom of a carboxyl group at the C-terminal of a protein.
C-terminal protein carboxyl methyltransferase activity
CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + CDP-diacylglycerol = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + CMP + H+.
CDP-diacylglycerol:myo-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDP-diacylglycerol:myo-inositol-3-phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDPdiacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDP-diacylglycerol--inositol phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDP-diglyceride:inositol transferase activity
CDP diglyceride-inositol phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDP-diglyceride-inositol transferase activity
cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:myo-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity
cytidine diphosphodiglyceride-inositol phosphatidyltransferase activity
cytidine diphosphoglyceride-inositol phosphatidyltransferase activity
cytidine diphosphoglyceride-inositol transferase activity
CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + L-serine = CMP + O-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine.
CDP-diacylglycerol:L-serine 3-O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDP-diacylglycerol-L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDPdiacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDP-diglyceride:serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDP-diglyceride-L-serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDPdiglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDP-diglycerine-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDPdiglyceride):L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
cytidine diphosphoglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UTP + glutamine + H20= ADP + phosphate + CTP + glutamate.
cytidine 5'-triphosphate synthetase activity
cytidine triphosphate synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a D-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
D-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + O2 = dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O2 + H+.
D-arabinono-1,4-lactone:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing cytosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-methylcytosine.
cytosine-specific DNA methyltransferase activity
deoxyribonucleic (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity
deoxyribonucleic acid (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity
methylphosphotriester-DNA methyltransferase activity
restriction-modification system activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity
site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (cytosine-specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1); the synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a DNA template and a 3'hydroxyl group.
deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase activity
DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
gamma DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
obsolete proliferating cell nuclear antigen
OBSOLETE. A nuclear protein that associates as a trimer and then interacts with delta DNA polymerase and epsilon DNA polymerase, acting as an auxiliary factor for DNA replication and DNA repair.
Catalysis of the synthesis of a short RNA primer on a DNA template, providing a free 3'-OH that can be extended by DNA-directed DNA polymerases.
DNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template, i.e. the catalysis of DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase activity
DNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
DNA-dependent RNA nucleotidyltransferase activity
DNA-directed RNA polymerase III activity
nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
obsolete DNA-directed RNA polymerase I activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1).
obsolete DNA-directed RNA polymerase II activity
obsolete DNA-directed RNA polymerase III activity
deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). This reaction represents the reactivation of irradiated DNA by light.
deoxyribocyclobutadipyrimidine pyrimidine-lyase activity
deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase activity
deoxyribonucleate pyrimidine dimer lyase (photosensitive)
deoxyribonucleic cyclobutane dipyrimidine photolyase activity
dipyrimidine photolyase (photosensitive)
DNA cyclobutane dipyrimidine photolyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA with alkylated base + H2O = DNA with abasic site + alkylated base. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove an alkylated base, leaving an apyrimidinic or apurinic site.
alkylated-DNA glycohydrolase (releasing methyladenine and methylguanine)
deoxyribonucleate 3-methyladenine glycosidase II
DNA-3-methyladenine glycosidase II activity
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity
Catalysis of the cleavage of the C-O-P bond in the AP site created when DNA glycosylase removes a damaged base, involved in the DNA base excision repair pathway (BER).
apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease activity
apyrimidinic deoxyendoribonuclease activity
deoxyribonuclease (apurinic or apyrimidinic) activity
methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA (containing 6-O-methylguanine) + (protein)-L-cysteine = DNA (without 6-O-methylguanine) + protein S-methyl-L-cysteine.
6-O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity
DNA-6-O-methylguanine:[protein]-L-cysteine S-methyltransferase activity
DNA-6-O-methylguanine:protein-L-cysteine S-methyltransferase activity
methylated-DNA-protein-cysteine S-methyltransferase activity
O-6-methylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group at the end of one DNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another. This reaction requires an energy source such as ATP or NAD+.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m).
poly(deoxyribonucleotide):poly(deoxyribonucleotide) ligase (AMP-forming)
polydeoxyribonucleotide synthase (ATP) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + nicotinamide nucleotide + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m).
poly(deoxyribonucleotide):poly(deoxyribonucleotide) ligase (AMP-forming, NMN-forming)
polydeoxyribonucleotide synthase (NAD(+)) activity
polydeoxyribonucleotide synthase (NAD+) activity
polynucleotide ligase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
polynucleotide synthetase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).
deoxynucleotidyl terminal transferase activity
deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase activity
deoxyribonucleic nucleotidyltransferase activity
nucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase activity
terminal deoxynucleotide transferase activity
terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity
terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the repair of a photoproduct resulting from ultraviolet irradiation of two adjacent pyrimidine residues in DNA.
Catalysis of the reaction: pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). Catalyzes the reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated DNA.
Catalysis of the transient cleavage and passage of individual DNA strands or double helices through one another, resulting a topological transformation in double-stranded DNA.
DNA topoisomerase type I (single strand cut, ATP-independent) activity
Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving one DNA strand at a time to allow passage of another strand; changes the linking number by +1 per catalytic cycle.
DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activity
Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The enzyme changes the linking number in multiples of 2.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + FMN = diphosphate + FAD.
adenosine triphosphate-riboflavine mononucleotide transadenylase activity
adenosine triphosphate-riboflavin mononucleotide transadenylase activity
flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase activity
riboflavin adenine dinucleotide pyrophosphorylase activity
riboflavine adenine dinucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
riboflavin mononucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + NADP+ + NH4 = GMP + 2 H+ + NADPH.
guanosine 5'-monophosphate oxidoreductase activity
guanosine 5'-monophosphate reductase activity
guanosine 5'-phosphate reductase activity
guanosine monophosphate reductase activity
inosine-5'-phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (aminating)
NADPH:GMP oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
NADPH:guanosine-5'-phosphate oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
NADPH2:guanosine-5'-phosphate oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + XMP + NH4(+) = AMP + diphosphate + GMP + 2H+.
GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + XMP + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + GMP + L-glutamate + 2H+.
GMP synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
guanosine 5'-monophosphate synthetase activity
guanosine monophosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)
guanylate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)
xanthosine-5'-phosphate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
xanthosine 5'-phosphate amidotransferase activity
Catalysis of the formation of the linkage between a protein and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The reaction probably occurs by subjecting a peptide bond to nucleophilic attack by the amino group of ethanolamine-GPI, transferring the protein from a signal peptide to the GPI anchor.
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + H+ + phosphate.
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, alpha-subunit
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, beta-subunit
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, gamma-subunit
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, acting on GTP, involved in cellular and subcellular movement
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, elongation
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, initiation
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, termination
signal-recognition-particle GTPase activity
A molecular function regulator that cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular processes. Intrinsic GTPase activity returns the G protein to its GDP-bound state. The return to the GDP-bound state can be accelerated by the action of a GTPase-activating protein (GAP).
obsolete ARF small monomeric GTPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate.
obsolete RAB small monomeric GTPase activity
obsolete RAN small monomeric GTPase activity
obsolete RAS small monomeric GTPase activity
obsolete Rho small monomeric GTPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate. Any member of the Rho subfamily of the RAS superfamily of monomeric GTPases. Proteins in the Rho subfamily are involved in relaying signals from cell-surface receptors to the actin cytoskeleton.
obsolete SAR small monomeric GTPase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the imidazole ring of GTP, releasing formate. Two C-N bonds are hydrolyzed and the pentase unit is isomerized.
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = formate + 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate.
dihydroneopterin triphosphate synthase activity
guanosine triphosphate 8-deformylase activity
guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + diphosphate + formate + 3 H+.
GTP 7,8-8,9-dihydrolase (diphosphate-forming)
guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase II
obsolete hydrogen-transporting two-sector ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + H2O = 5-formamido-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
Catalysis of the reaction: inosine 5'-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O = xanthosine 5'-phosphate + NADH + H+.
inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase activity
inosine-5'-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity
inosine monophosphate oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-iditol + NAD+ = L-sorbose + NADH + H+.
L-iditol (sorbitol) dehydrogenase activity
NAD+-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase activity
NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-L-iduronosidic linkages in dermatan sulfate.
glycosaminoglycan alpha-L-iduronohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine = pyruvate + NH3.
L-serine ammonia-lyase (pyruvate-forming) activity
L-serine hydro-lyase (deaminating) activity
N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N-acetyl-5-glutamyl phosphate + NADPH + H+.
N-acetylglutamate 5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
N-acetyl-glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
N-acetylglutamic gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
N-acetyl-L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
N-acetyl-L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde:NADP oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
reductase, acetyl-gamma-glutamyl phosphate
N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 4-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate.
acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase activity
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-4-sulfate 4-sulfohydrolase activity
N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate sulfohydrolase activity
N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulphatase activity
N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose + H2O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + glycoprotein phospho-D-mannose.
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphodiester acetamidodeoxyglucohydrolase activity
alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-1-phosphodiester N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyl phosphodiesterase activity
glycoprotein-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphohydrolase activity
lysosomal alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP + N-acetyllactosamine.
beta-(1,4)-galactosyltransferase activity
beta-N-acetylglucosaminide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity
N-acetylglucosamine (beta-1,4)galactosyltransferase activity
N-acetylglucosamine beta-(1,4)-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-Gal:N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosaminide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:N-acetylglucosaminyl(beta-1,4)galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose-N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose N-acetylglucosamine beta-4-galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose-N-acetylglucosamine beta-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose-N-acetylglucosamine beta-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose-N-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase activity
(N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosylceramide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide.
beta-1,4N-aetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
ganglioside GM3 acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP acetylgalactosamine-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2->3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide 1,4-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine GM3 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglucosylceramide acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-ganglioside GM3 acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-hematoside acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
N4-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H+.
4-N-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine amidohydrolase activity
aspartylglucosylamine deaspartylase activity
aspartylglycosylamine amidohydrolase activity
beta-aspartylglucosylamine amidohydrolase activity
N4-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine amidohydrolase activity
N-aspartyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity
1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxy-D-ribulos-1-ylimino)methylamino]-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide ketol-isomerase activity
N-(5'-phospho-D-ribosylformimino)-5-amino-1-(5''-phosphoribosyl)-4-imidazolecarboxamide isomerase activity
N-(phosphoribosylformimino) aminophosphoribosylimidazolecarboxamide isomerase activity
phosphoribosylformimino-5-aminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide isomerase activity
phosphoribosylformiminoaminophosphoribosylimidazolecarboxamide isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n)-acceptor = nicotinamide + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n+1)-acceptor.
ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerizing) activity
NAD+:poly(adenine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferase activity
poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NAD+ = ADP + 2 H+ + NADP+.
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase (phosphorylating)
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase activity
NAD+ synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deamido-NAD+ + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + NAD+ + L-glutamate.
deamido-NAD+:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
desamidonicotinamide adenine dinucleotide amidotransferase activity
NAD(+) synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
NAD synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase (glutamine) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor.
beta-NADH dehydrogenase dinucleotide activity
dihydrocodehydrogenase I dehydrogenase activity
dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase activity
NADH:cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity
reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase activity
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + a quinone = NAD(P)+ + a hydroquinone.
dehydrogenase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate, quinone) activity
flavoprotein NAD(P)H-quinone reductase activity
NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor)oxidoreductase activity
NAD(P)H: menadione oxidoreductase activity
NAD(P)H(2) dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) dehydrogenase activity
viologen accepting pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductase activity
NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (B-specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+, driving the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other. In the course of the reaction (left to right) one H atom is transferred from inside the cell to outside. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to both NAD+ and NADP+.
NAD(P) transhydrogenase (B-specific) activity
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) transhydrogenase
nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase activity
non-energy-linked transhydrogenase activity
pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + n oxidized hemoprotein = NADP+ + n reduced hemoprotein.
aldehyde reductase (NADPH-dependent) activity
cytochrome c reductase (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADPH, NADPH-dependent) activity
dihydroxynicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c reductase activity
ferrihemoprotein P-450 reductase activity
NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase activity
NADPH:ferrihemoprotein oxidoreductase activity
NADPH:hemoprotein oxidoreductase activity
NADPH--cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity
NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase activity
NADPH--cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase activity
NADPH-cytochrome p-450 reductase activity
NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase activity
NADPH-dependent cytochrome c reductase activity
NADPH--ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase activity
NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase activity
NADPH--ferrihemoprotein reductase activity
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c reductase activity
reductase, cytochrome c (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + acceptor = NADP+ + reduced acceptor.
dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase activity
NADPH:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase activity
triphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + quinone = NADP+ + semiquinone.
O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-homoserine + methanethiol = L-methionine + acetate. Also reacts with other thiols and H2S, producing homocysteine or thioethers.
L-methionine anabolism, direct, from O-acetyl-L-homoserine
L-methionine biosynthetic process, direct, from O-acetyl-L-homoserine
L-methionine formation, direct, from O-acetyl-L-homoserine
L-methionine synthesis, direct, from O-acetyl-L-homoserine
methionine biosynthetic process, direct, from O-acetyl-L-homoserine
O-acetylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase activity
O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrolase activity
O-acetyl-L-homoserine:methanethiol 3-amino-3-carboxypropyltransferase activity
O-acetyl-L-homoserine acetate-lyase (adding methanethiol) activity
O-acetyl-L-homoserine sulfhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O-succinyl-L-homoserine + L-cysteine = cystathionine + succinate.
O4-succinyl-L-homoserine:L-cysteine S-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)transferase activity
O-succinylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase activity
O-succinylhomoserine synthetase activity
O-succinyl-L-homoserine (thiol)-lyase activity
O-succinyl-L-homoserine succinate-lyase (adding cysteine) activity
O-succinyl-L-homoserine succinate-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA 3'-terminal-phosphate = AMP + diphosphate + RNA terminal-2',3'-cyclic-phosphate.
RNA-3'-phosphate:RNA ligase (cyclizing, AMP-forming)
RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time.
deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) activity
DNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) activity
RNA-dependent deoxyribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
RNA-directed DNA polymerase, group II intron encoded
RNA-directed DNA polymerase, transposon encoded
obsolete RNA-directed DNA polymerase, transposon encoded
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time; cannot initiate a chain de novo.
obsolete RNA-directed DNA polymerase, group II intron encoded
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); uses an RNA template, i.e. the catalysis of RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time.
RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity
RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ribonucleotide(n) + ribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + ribonucleotide(n+m).
poly(ribonucleotide):poly(ribonucleotide) ligase (AMP-forming)
polyribonucleotide synthase (ATP) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxy-acid + O2 = 2-oxo acid + hydrogen peroxide.
long-chain-(S)-2-hydroxy-long-chain-acid oxidase activity
medium-chain-(S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase activity
very-long-chain-(S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.
UDP acetylglucosamine epimerase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 4-epimerase activity
uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine-4-epimerase activity
uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine-4-epimerase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine epimerase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + dolichyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-diphosphodolichol.
chitobiosylpyrophosphoryldolichol synthase activity
dolichol phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase activity
N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase activity
UDP-acetylglucosamine-dolichol phosphate acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase activity
UDP-acetylglucosamine-dolichol phosphate acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase activity
UDP-D-N-acetylglucosamine N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate transferase activity
UDP-GlcNAc:dolichyl-phosphate GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichol phosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-1-phosphate transferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichyl-phosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosaminephosphotransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-dolichyl phosphate acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose = UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose.
lysosomal enzyme precursor acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase activity
N-acetylglucosaminylphosphotransferase activity
N-acetylglucosaminyl phosphotransferase activity
UDP-GlcNAc:glycoprotein N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:glycoprotein N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:glycoprotein N-acetylglucosaminyl-1-phosphotransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.
acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity
UDP-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase activity
uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine phosphorylase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase activity
UTP:2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
UTP:N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose = UDP-galactose.
uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase activity
uridine diphosphate glucose 4-epimerase activity
uridine diphospho-galactose-4-epimerase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose 4-epimerase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 NAD+ + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 3 H+ + 2 NADH + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the addition of UDP-glucose on to asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides of the form Man7-9GlcNAc2 on incorrectly folded glycoproteins.
UTP:glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-D-glucose.
glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase activity
uridine diphosphate-D-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity
uridine-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase activity
UTP:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 pyruvate = 2-acetolactate + CO2.
acetolactate pyruvate-lyase (carboxylating) activity
alpha-acetohydroxyacid synthase activity
alpha-acetohydroxy acid synthetase activity
pyruvate:pyruvate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA.
acetyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase activity
beta-acetoacetyl coenzyme A thiolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O = acetate + CoA + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA.
short-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity
short chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA.
acetoacetyl-CoA beta-ketothiolase activity
acyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity
beta-ketoacyl coenzyme A thiolase activity
beta-ketoadipyl coenzyme A thiolase activity
long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA.
acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate.
acetyl.beta-methylcholinesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-glutamate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-glutamate-5-phosphate.
ATP:N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-phosphotransferase activity
N-acetylglutamate 5-phosphotransferase activity
N-acetylglutamate phosphokinase activity
N-acetylglutamic 5-phosphotransferase activity
N2-acetyl-L-ornithine:2-oxoglutarate 5-aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine = N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
2-N-acetyl-L-ornithine:2-oxoglutarate 5-aminotransferase activity
acetylornithine 5-aminotransferase activity
acetylornithine aminotransferase activity
acetylornithine delta-transaminase activity
N(2)-acetylornithine 5-transaminase activity
N2-acetyl-L-ornithine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
N2-acetylornithine 5-aminotransferase activity
N2-acetylornithine 5-transaminase activity
N-acetylornithine aminotransferase activity
N-acetylornithine-delta-transaminase activity
succinylornithine aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an acid pH optimum.
acid nucleoside diphosphate phosphatase activity
acid phosphomonoester hydrolase activity
orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum)
phosphate-monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum)
Catalysis of the reaction: citrate = isocitrate. The reaction occurs in two steps: (1) citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O, (2) cis-aconitate + H2O = isocitrate. This reaction is the interconversion of citrate and isocitrate via the labile, enzyme-bound intermediate cis-aconitate. Water is removed from one part of the citrate molecule and added back to a different atom to form isocitrate.
citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming)
citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein]= 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H+.
fatty acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.
acyl-CoA:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl phosphate + H2O = a carboxylate + phosphate.
1,3-diphosphoglycerate phosphatase activity
adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + diphosphate = adenine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
adenine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate transferase activity
adenosine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
AMP:diphosphate phospho-D-ribosyltransferase activity
AMP-pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenosine = ADP + AMP.
ATP:adenosine 5'-phosphotransferase activity
obsolete plasma membrane cation-transporting ATPase
obsolete heavy metal-exporting ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: heavy metal ion(in) + ATP + H2O = heavy metal ion(out) + ADP + phosphate.
obsolete ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O = adenosine + L-homocysteine.
S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity
S-adenosylhomocysteine synthase activity
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase activity
adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H+ = S-adenosylmethioninamine + CO2.
adenosyl methionine decarboxylase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine carboxy-lyase [(5-deoxy-5-adenosyl)(3-aminopropyl)-methylsulfonium-salt-forming]
S-adenosyl-L-methionine carboxy-lyase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity
S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity
adenosylmethionine-8-amino-7-oxononanoate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 7,8-diaminononanoate + S-adenosyl-4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate.
7,8-diaminonanoate transaminase activity
7,8-diaminononanoate aminotransferase activity
7,8-diaminononanoate transaminase activity
7,8-diaminopelargonic acid aminotransferase activity
7,8-diamino-pelargonic acid aminotransferase activity
7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid aminotransferase activity
adenosylmethionine-8-amino-7-oxononanoate aminotransferase activity
adenosylmethionine--8-amino-7-oxononanoate aminotransferase activity
adenosyl methionine-8-amino-7-oxononanoate transaminase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:8-amino-7-oxononanoate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate.
ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3',5'-cyclic-AMP-forming) activity
ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + AMP = 2 ADP.
N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP = fumarate + AMP.
6-N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase activity
N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + GTP + IMP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + 3 H+ + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenylylsulfate = ADP + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate.
5'-phosphoadenosine sulfate kinase activity
adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-3'-phosphokinase activity
adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate 3'-phosphotransferase activity
adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase activity
adenosine-5'-phosphosulphate 3'-phosphotransferase activity
adenosine phosphosulfate kinase activity
adenylylsulfate kinase (phosphorylating)
ATP:adenylyl-sulfate 3'-phosphotransferase activity
L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-alanine = L-glutamate + pyruvate.
alanine-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase activity
alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase activity
glutamic acid-pyruvic acid transaminase activity
glutamic-pyruvic aminotransferase activity
L-alanine-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase activity
pyruvate-alanine aminotransferase activity
pyruvate-glutamate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+.
NAD-specific aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase
alcohol dehydrogenase activity, metal ion-independent
Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+; can proceed in the absence of a metal ion.
alcohol dehydrogenase activity, zinc-dependent
Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+, requiring the presence of zinc.
alcohol dehydrogenase activity, iron-dependent
Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+, requiring the presence of iron.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + an acetyl ester.
acetyl-CoA:alcohol O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + an alcohol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an alkyl sulfate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:alcohol sulfotransferase activity
3beta-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase activity
3beta-hydroxy steroid sulfotransferase activity
3-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase activity
5alpha-androstenol sulfotransferase activity
alcohol/hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase activity
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase activity
delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid sulfokinase activity
hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase activity
3-chloroallyl aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chloroallyl aldehyde + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 3-chloroacrylic acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+.
CoA-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
m-methylbenzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
NAD-dependent 4-hydroxynonenal dehydrogenase activity
NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
NAD-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+.
aldehyde:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + O2 = a carboxylic acid + hydrogen peroxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: an alditol + NADP+ = an aldose + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde or a ketone + NADPH + H+.
NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose = beta-D-glucose. Also acts on L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, maltose and lactose.
Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.
orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum)
phosphate-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum)
Catalysis of the reaction: allantoate + H2O = (S)-ureidoglycolate + urea.
Catalysis of the reaction: allantoin + H2O = allantoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 3 H+ + urea-1-carboxylate = 2 CO2 + 2 NH4.
urea-1-carboxylate amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a monocarboxylic acid amide + H2O = a monocarboxylate + NH3.
acetyl-CoA:L-glutamate N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-glutamate + CoA + H+.
acetylglutamate acetylglutamate synthetase activity
L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + NADP+ + H2O = L-2-aminoadipate + NADPH + H+.
2-aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
2-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
alpha-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
L-2-aminoadipate-6-semialdehyde:NAD(P)+ 6-oxidoreductase
L-alpha-aminoadipate delta-semialdehyde:NAD oxidoreductase activity
L-alpha-aminoadipate delta-semialdehyde:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidoreductase activity
L-alpha-aminoadipate delta-semialdehyde oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + L-glutamate + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + L-glutamine + H2O.
5'-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase activity
5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate amidotransferase activity
5-phosphoribosylamine:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase (glutamate-amidating)
5-phosphororibosyl-1-pyrophosphate amidotransferase activity
alpha-5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate amidotransferase activity
glutamine 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase activity
glutamine phosphoribosyldiphosphate amidotransferase activity
glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase activity
glutamine ribosylpyrophosphate 5-phosphate amidotransferase activity
phosphoribose pyrophosphate amidotransferase activity
phosphoribosyldiphosphate 5-amidotransferase activity
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase activity
phosphoribosylpyrophosphate glutamyl amidotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-substituted aminoacyl-tRNA + H2O = N-substituted amino acid + tRNA.
aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleate hydrolase activity
aminoacyl-tRNA aminoacylhydrolase activity
N-substituted aminoacyl transfer RNA hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = a carboxylate + an L-amino acid.
alpha-N-acylaminoacid hydrolase activity
N-acyl-L-amino-acid amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-tetrahydrofolate + S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NH3 + dihydrolipoylprotein.
glycine-cleavage system T-protein activity
protein-8-S-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine:tetrahydrofolate aminomethyltransferase (ammonia-forming) activity
protein-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine:tetrahydrofolate aminomethyltransferase (ammonia-forming) activity
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein:(6S)-tetrahydrofolate aminomethyltransferase (ammonia-forming) activity
tetrahydrofolate aminomethyltransferase activity
anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + anthranilate.
anthranilate 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
anthranilate phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
anthranilate-PP-ribose-P phosphoribosyltransferase activity
N-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-anthranilate:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase activity
phosphoribosyl-anthranilate diphosphorylase activity
phosphoribosylanthranilate pyrophosphorylase activity
phosphoribosyl-anthranilate pyrophosphorylase activity
phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate + L-glutamine = anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate.
chorismate pyruvate-lyase (amino-accepting) activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2 H2O = AMP + 2 phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-(5S)-5-hydroperoxycosa-6,8,11,14-tetraenoate.
arachidonate:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase activity
arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase activity
arachidonate 12(S)-lipoxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate.
arachidonate:oxygen 12-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + H2O = L-ornithine + urea.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + ATP = N(omega)-phospho-L-arginine + ADP + 2 H+.
adenosine 5'-triphosphate-arginine phosphotransferase activity
ATP:L-arginine N-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-citrulline + L-aspartate = AMP + diphosphate + (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate.
argininosuccinic acid synthetase activity
L-citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: N-(L-arginino)succinate = fumarate + L-arginine.
2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
2-(omega-N-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
N-(L-argininosuccinate) arginine-lyase activity
omega-N-(L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-tRNA + protein = tRNA + L-arginyl-protein.
arginyl-transfer ribonucleate-protein aminoacyltransferase activity
arginyl-transfer ribonucleate-protein transferase activity
arginyl-tRNA protein transferase activity
arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase activity
arginyl-tRNA--protein transferase activity
L-arginyl-tRNA:protein arginyltransferase activity
aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-amino acid + H+ = R-H + CO2.
5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase activity
aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity
aromatic-L-amino-acid carboxy-lyase (tryptamine-forming)
aromatic-L-amino-acid carboxy-lyase activity
hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase activity
aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an aralkylamine = CoA + an N-acetylaralkylamine.
acetyl-CoA:2-arylethylamine N-acetyltransferase activity
arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an arylamine = CoA + an N-acetylarylamine.
2-naphthylamine N-acetyltransferase activity
4-aminobiphenyl N-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl CoA-arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity
beta-naphthylamine N-acetyltransferase activity
indoleamine N-acetyltransferase activity
p-aminosalicylate N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = formate + L-kynurenine.
aryl-formylamine amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an aryl sulfate.
1-naphthol phenol sulfotransferase activity
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:phenol sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: aryl dialkyl phosphate + H2O = dialkyl phosphate + an aryl alcohol.
aryltriphosphate dialkylphosphohydrolase activity
organophosphorus acid anhydrase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate.
Catalysis of the reaction: a phenol sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate.
asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + L-glutamine = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine + L-glutamate.
asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
asparagine synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
asparagine synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase activity
L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine + H2O = L-aspartate + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = beta-alanine + CO2.
L-aspartate 1-carboxy-lyase (beta-alanine-forming)
L-aspartate alpha-decarboxylase activity
L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate.
2-oxoglutarate-glutamate aminotransferase activity
aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
aspartate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase activity
aspartate alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity
glutamate-oxalacetate aminotransferase activity
glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activity
glutamic-aspartic aminotransferase activity
glutamic--aspartic transaminase activity
glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activity
glutamic--oxaloacetic transaminase activity
L-aspartate-2-ketoglutarate aminotransferase activity
L-aspartate-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
L-aspartate-2-oxoglutarate-transaminase activity
L-aspartate-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity
oxaloacetate-aspartate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + carbamoyl phosphate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H+ + phosphate.
aspartic acid transcarbamoylase activity
carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + NH3 = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine.
L-aspartate:ammonia ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + ATP = 4-phospho-L-aspartate + ADP + H+.
ATP:L-aspartate 4-phosphotransferase activity
aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = 4-phospho-L-aspartate + H+ + NADPH.
aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
aspartic beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
aspartic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde:NADP oxidoreductase (phosporylating)
L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NAD(P)+ = biliverdin + NAD(P)H + H+.
bilirubin:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein + CO2 = ADP + phosphate + carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein.
biotin carboxylase (component of acetyl CoA carboxylase) activity
biotin-carboxyl-carrier-protein:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dethiobiotin + S(2-) = 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + biotin + H+.
dethiobiotin:sulfur sulfurtransferase activity
biotin-[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP forming)).
acetyl-CoA carboxylase biotin holoenzyme synthetase activity
acetyl CoA holocarboxylase synthetase activity
acetyl coenzyme A holocarboxylase synthetase activity
biotin:apo-acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming) ligase (AMP-forming)
biotin--[acetyl-CoA carboxylase] synthetase activity
biotin-acetyl-CoA-carboxylase ligase activity
biotin-acetyl-CoA carboxylase synthetase
biotin-acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase synthetase activity
biotin-[methylcrotonoyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)).
beta-methylcrotonyl coenzyme A holocarboxylase synthetase activity
biotin:apo-3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming) ligase (AMP-forming)
biotin--[methylcrotonoyl-CoA-carboxylase] synthetase activity
biotin-beta-methylcrotonyl coenzyme A carboxylase synthetase activity
biotin-methylcrotonoyl-CoA-carboxylase ligase activity
biotin-methylcrotonoyl-CoA-carboxylase synthetase
biotin-[methylmalonyl-CoA-carboxytransferase] ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase) = AMP + diphosphate + (methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase).
biotin:apomethylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxyltransferase ligase (AMP-forming)
biotin:apomethylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase ligase (AMP-forming)
biotin-[methylmalonyl-CoA-carboxyltransferase] ligase activity
biotin--[methylmalonyl-CoA-carboxyltransferase] ligase activity
biotin--[methylmalonyl-CoA-carboxyltransferase] synthetase activity
biotin--[methylmalonyl-CoA-carboxytransferase] synthetase activity
biotin-methylmalonyl-CoA-carboxyltransferase ligase activity
biotin-methylmalonyl-CoA-carboxyltransferase synthetase
biotin-methylmalonyl-CoA-carboxytransferase ligase activity
biotin-methylmalonyl-CoA-carboxytransferase synthetase activity
biotin-methylmalonyl coenzyme A carboxyltransferase synthetase activity
biotin-transcarboxylase synthetase activity
methylmalonyl coenzyme A holotranscarboxylase synthetase activity
biotin-[propionyl-CoA-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolyzing)] ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)).
biotin:apo-propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming) ligase (AMP-forming)
biotin-[propionyl-CoA-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolyzing)] synthetase activity
biotin-propionyl-CoA-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolysing) ligase activity
biotin-propionyl-CoA-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolysing) synthetase activity
biotin-propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase synthetase activity
propionyl-CoA holocarboxylase synthetase activity
propionyl coenzyme A holocarboxylase synthetase activity
bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase (asymmetrical) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-nucleosyl)tetraphosphate + H2O = NTP + NMP. Acts on bis(5'-guanosyl)-, bis(5'-xanthosyl)-, bis(5'-adenosyl)- and bis(5'-uridyl)-tetraphosphate.
1-P,4-P-bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
bis(5'-adenosyl)-tetraphosphatase activity
bis(5'-guanosyl)-tetraphosphatase activity
diadenosine 5',5'''-P(1),P(4)-tetraphosphate asymmetrical hydrolase activity
diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate asymmetrical hydrolase activity
diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate hydrolase
diadenosine P1,P4-tetraphosphatase activity
diadenosinetetraphosphatase (asymmetrical) activity
diguanosinetetraphosphatase (asymmetrical) activity
dinucleosidetetraphosphatase (asymmetrical) activity
P1,P4-bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate = 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate.
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate synthase activity
2,3-diphosphoglycerate synthase activity
3-phospho-D-glycerate 1,2-phosphomutase activity
obsolete bisphosphoglycerate 2-phosphatase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate + H2O = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + phosphate.
branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a branched-chain amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + a 2-oxocarboxylate derived from the branched-chain amino acid.
branched-chain-amino-acid:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase activity
branched-chain amino acid-glutamate transaminase activity
branched-chain aminotransferase activity
glutamate-branched-chain amino acid transaminase activity
L-branched chain amino acid aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + electron-transfer flavoprotein = 2-butenoyl-CoA + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein.
butanoyl-CoA:(acceptor) 2,3-oxidoreductase activity
butanoyl-CoA:acceptor 2,3-oxidoreductase activity
butyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity
short-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase activity
short-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity
unsaturated acyl coenzyme A reductase activity
obsolete carbamoyl-phosphate synthase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of a reaction that results in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate.
carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + hydrogencarbonate + NH4+ = 2 ADP + carbamoyl phosphate + 2 H+ + phosphate.
carbamoyl phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity
carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) activity
carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (ammonia) activity
carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I activity
carbon-dioxide:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)
carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + L-glutamine + CO2 + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate.
carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) activity
carbamoyl phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) activity
carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
carbamoylphosphate synthetase II activity
carbamyl phosphate synthetase (glutamine) activity
carbon-dioxide::L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating) activity
glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthase activity
glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase activity
hydrogen-carbonate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2CO3 = CO2 + H2O.
carbonate hydro-lyase (carbon-dioxide-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: R-CHOH-R' + NADP+ = R-CO-R' + NADPH + H+.
NADPH2-dependent carbonyl reductase activity
NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase activity
nonspecific NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase activity
secondary-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + carnitine = (R)-O-acetylcarnitine + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA-carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity
carnitine-acetyl-CoA transferase activity
carnitine acetyl coenzyme A transferase activity
carnitine O-acetyltransferase I activity
carnitine O-acetyltransferase II activity
carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = CoA + L-palmitoylcarnitine.
CPT I (outer membrane carnitine palmitoyl transferase)
L-carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity
outer malonyl-CoA inhibitable carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity
palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 hydrogen peroxide = O2 + 2 H2O.
hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-dopa + O2 = 2 H2O + 2 L-dopaquinone. This reaction catalyzes exclusively the oxidation of catechols (i.e., o-diphenols) to the corresponding o-quinones.
Catalysis of the reaction: a cerebroside 3-sulfate + H2O = a cerebroside + sulfate.
cerebroside-3-sulfate 3-sulfohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: chitin + H2O = chitosan + acetate.
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-](n) = UDP + [->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-](n+1).
chitin-UDP acetyl-glucosaminyl transferase activity
chitin-UDP N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
chitin-uridine diphosphate acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
trans-N-acetylglucosaminosylase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:chitin 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + choline = acetylcholine + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + choline = ADP + choline phosphate + 2 H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: an acylcholine + H2O = choline + a carboxylic acid anion.
choline esterase II (unspecific) activity
choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + choline phosphate = diphosphate + CDP-choline.
choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
CTP:choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase activity
CTP:phosphorylcholine cytidylyltransferase activity
CTP-phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase activity
cytidine diphosphocholine pyrophosphorylase activity
phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase activity
phosphorylcholine:CTP cytidylyltransferase activity
phosphorylcholine cytidylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate = prephenate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate = chorismate + phosphate.
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate phospholyase activity
5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate phosphate-lyase (chorismate-forming)
5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate phosphate-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA, where the acetyl group is added to the si-face of oxaloacetate; acetyl-CoA thus provides the two carbon atoms of the pro-S carboxymethyl group.
acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [thioester-hydrolysing, (pro-S)-carboxymethyl forming]
citrate oxaloacetate-lyase, CoA-acetylating activity
citrate oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-3S)-CH(2)COO(-)->acetyl-CoA) activity
citrate oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-3S)-CH2COO-rightacetyl-CoA)
citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-3S)-CH2COOrightacetyl-CoA]
Catalysis of the reaction: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 H+ + O2 = 2 CO2 + 2 H2O + protoporphyrinogen IX.
coproporphyrinogen:oxygen oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
corticosteroid side-chain-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 11-deoxycorticosterone = 20-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-en-21-al.
11-deoxycorticosterone aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
11-deoxycorticosterone ketol-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + creatine = N-phosphocreatine + ADP + 2 H+.
adenosine triphosphate-creatine transphosphorylase activity
ATP:creatine N-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:creatine phosphotransferase activity
cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside cyclic phosphate + H2O = a nucleoside phosphate.
2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 2'-phosphate.
2',3'-cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity
2',3'-cyclic nucleoside monophosphate phosphodiesterase
2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase activity
2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase activity
2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase
2':3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase activity
cyclic 2',3'-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase activity
cyclic 2',3'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase
nucleoside-2',3'-cyclic-phosphate 2'-nucleotidohydrolase activity
3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = a nucleoside 5'-phosphate.
3', 5'-cyclic nucleoside monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity
3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide 5'-nucleotidohydrolase activity
3',5' cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
3',5'-cyclonucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
3':5'-cyclic nucleotide 5'-nucleotidohydrolase activity
3': 5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cyclic CMP) activity
cyclic 3',5'-mononucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
cyclic 3',5-nucleotide monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity
cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
cytidine 3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cyclic CMP) activity
nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate diesterase activity
nucleoside-3',5-monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3',5'-cyclic AMP + H2O = AMP + H+.
3',5' cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity
3',5'-cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity
3',5'-cyclic-AMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity
adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase activity
cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity
cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity
calmodulin-activated dual specificity 3',5'-cyclic-GMP, 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: 3',5'-cyclic AMP + H2O = AMP + H+ and 3',5'-cyclic GMP + H2O = GMP + H+; this activity is activated by binding to calcium-bound calmodulin.
calmodulin-activated cyclic-nucleotide dual specificity phosphodiesterase activity
calmodulin-dependent cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
cGMP-stimulated cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is increased in the presence of cGMP.
cGMP-inhibited cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is decreased in the presence of cGMP.
photoreceptor cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside phosphate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of bonds in a cyclic nucleotide.
Catalysis of the reaction: cystathionine + H2O = L-homocysteine + NH3 + pyruvate.
cystathionine L-homocysteine-lyase (deaminating)
L-cystathionine L-homocysteine-lyase (deaminating; pyruvate-forming)
L-cystathionine L-homocysteine-lyase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + L-homocysteine = cystathionine + H2O.
L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine; L-cystathionine-forming)
L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-cystathionine + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + L-cysteine + NH4+.
homoserine deaminase-cystathionase activity
L-cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating; 2-oxobutanoate-forming)
L-cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: O3-acetyl-L-serine + hydrogen sulfide = L-cysteine + acetate.
3-O-acetyl-L-serine:hydrogen-sulfide 2-amino-2-carboxyethyltransferase activity
O(3)-acetyl-L-serine acetate-lyase (adding hydrogen-sulfide) activity
O3-acetyl-L-serine:hydrogen-sulfide 2-amino-2-carboxyethyltransferase activity
O3-acetyl-L-serine acetate-lyase (adding hydrogen-sulfide)
O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase activity
O-acetyl-L-serine sulfohydrolase activity
L-seryl-tRNASec selenium transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) + selenophosphate = L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) + H2O + phosphate.
cysteinyl-tRNA(Sec)-selenium transferase activity
cysteinyl-tRNA(Sel)-selenium transferase activity
cysteinyl-tRNA(Ser) selenium transferase activity
cysteinyl-tRNASec-selenium transferase activity
cysteinyl-tRNASel-selenium transferase activity
L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) synthase activity
L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sel) synthase activity
L-selenocysteinyl-tRNASec synthase activity
L-selenocysteinyl-tRNASel synthase activity
L-seryl-tRNA(Ser) selenium transferase activity
selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Ser) synthase activity
selenophosphate:L-seryl-tRNASec selenium transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cytidine + H2O = uridine + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (d)CMP = ADP + (d)CDP.
deoxycytidine monophosphokinase activity
pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase activity
cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NAD(P)+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).
dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-cytochrome b5 reductase activity
NADH:ferricytochrome-b5 oxidoreductase activity
NADH-ferricytochrome b5 oxidoreductase activity
reduced nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide-cytochrome b5 reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4 ferrocytochrome c + O2 + 4 H+ = 4 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O.
complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ferrocytochrome c + hydrogen peroxide = 2 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O.
cytochrome c-H2O oxidoreductase activity
ferrocytochrome-c:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cytosine + H2O = uracil + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: dCMP + H2O = dUMP + NH3.
deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate aminohydrolase activity
deoxycytidine-5'-phosphate deaminase activity
deoxycytidine monophosphate deaminase activity
Catalysis of the cleavage of branch points in branched glycogen polymers.
Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan to a new 4-position in an acceptor, which may be glucose or (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan.
1,4-alpha-D-glucan:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glycosyltransferase activity
debranching enzyme maltodextrin glycosyltransferase activity
oligo-1,4-1,4-glucantransferase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen phosphorylase limit dextrin. Limit dextrin is the highly branched core that remains after exhaustive treatment of glycogen with glycogen phosphorylase. It is formed because these enzymes cannot hydrolyze the (1->6) glycosidic linkages present.
glycogen phosphorylase-limit dextrin alpha-1,6-glucohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyadenosine + ATP = ADP + dAMP + 2 H+.
ATP:deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphotransferase activity
purine-deoxyribonucleoside kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + deoxycytidine = NDP + CMP.
arabinofuranosylcytosine kinase activity
NTP:deoxycytidine 5'-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyguanosine + ATP = ADP + dGMP + 2 H+.
(dihydroxypropoxymethyl)guanine kinase activity
ATP:deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphotransferase activity
NTP-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde.
2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phosphate acetaldehyde-lyase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-forming)
2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phosphate acetaldehyde-lyase activity
2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase activity
deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-dephospho-CoA + ATP = ADP + CoA + 2 H+.
ATP:dephospho-CoA 3'-phosphotransferase activity
dephosphocoenzyme A kinase (phosphorylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-diaminononanoate + ATP + CO2 = ADP + dethiobiotin + 4 H+ + phosphate.
7,8-diaminononanoate:carbon-dioxide cyclo-ligase (ADP-forming)
diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CMP + a phosphatidylcholine.
1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase activity
1-alkyl-2-acetyl-m-glycerol:CDPcholine choline phosphotransferase activity
1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase activity
alkylacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase activity
alkylacylglycerol choline phosphotransferase activity
CDP-choline:1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase activity
CDP-choline diglyceride phosphotransferase activity
cytidine diphosphocholine glyceride transferase activity
cytidine diphosphorylcholine diglyceride transferase activity
diacylglycerol choline phosphotransferase activity
phosphocholine diacylglyceroltransferase activity
phosphorylcholine--glyceride transferase activity
sn-1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + 1,2-diacylglycerol = NDP + 1,2-diacylglycerol-3-phosphate.
1,2-diacylglycerol kinase (phosphorylating)
arachidonoyl-specific diacylglycerol kinase activity
ATP:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:diacylglycerol phosphotransferase activity
diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CoA + triacylglycerol.
1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity
acyl-CoA:1,2-diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity
palmitoyl-CoA-sn-1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alkane-alpha,omega-diamine = CoA + an N-acetyldiamine.
acetyl-CoA:alkane-alpha,omega-diamine N-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-coenzyme A-1,4-diaminobutane N-acetyltransferase activity
putrescine (diamine)-acetylating enzyme activity
spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase activity
spermidine N(1)-acetyltransferase activity
spermidine N1-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP+ = 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH + H+.
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
dihydrofolate reductase:thymidylate synthase activity
pteridine reductase:dihydrofolate reductase activity
thymidylate synthetase-dihydrofolate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine + NAD+ = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + NADH + H+.
E3 component of alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes activity
glycine-cleavage system L-protein activity
lipoamide oxidoreductase (NADH) activity
protein-6-N-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
protein-N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + dihydrolipoamide = CoA + S-succinyldihydrolipoamide.
dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase activity
dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase activity
dihydrolipolyl transsuccinylase activity
enzyme-dihydrolipoyllysine:succinyl-CoA S-succinyltransferase activity
lipoate succinyltransferase (Escherichia coli) activity
succinyl-CoA:dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase activity
succinyl-CoA:dihydrolipoate S-succinyltransferase activity
succinyl-CoA:enzyme-6-N-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine S-succinyltransferase activity
succinyl-CoA:enzyme-N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine S-succinyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(D-erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydropteridine = 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + glycolaldehyde.
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(D-erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydropteridine glycolaldehyde-lyase (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine-forming)
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(D-erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydropteridine glycolaldehyde-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + H2O = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H+.
(S)-dihydroorotate amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + A = AH(2) + orotate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydropterin + H2O = 7,8-dihydrolumazine + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: a 7,8-dihydropteridine + O2 = a pterin + hydrogen peroxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine = NADPH + H+ + 6,7-dihydropteridine.
5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine:NAD(P)H+ oxidoreductase activity
6,7-dihydropteridine:NAD(P)H oxidoreductase activity
dihydropteridine (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) reductase activity
dihydropteridine reductase (NADH) activity
NAD(P)H(2):6,7-dihydropteridine oxidoreductase activity
NAD(P)H2:6,7-dihydropteridine oxidoreductase activity
NADH-dihydropteridine reductase activity
NADPH-dihydropteridine reductase activity
NADPH-specific dihydropteridine reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate + 4-aminobenzoate = diphosphate + dihydropteroate.
(2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl-diphosphate:4-aminobenzoate 2-amino-4-hydroxydihydropteridine-6-methenyltransferase activity
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine-diphosphate:4-aminobenzoate 2-amino-4-hydroxydihydropteridine-6-methenyltransferase activity
7,8-dihydropteroic acid synthetase activity
dihydropteroate diphosphorylase activity
dihydropteroate pyrophosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + H2O = 3-ureidopropionate.
5,6-dihydropyrimidine amidohydrolase activity
obsolete dihydroorotate oxidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + O2 = H2O2 + orotate.
dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydropyrimidine (5,6-dihydrouracil or 5,6-dihydrothymine) + NAD+ = a pyrimidine (uracil or thymine) + NADH + H+.
5,6-dihydrouracil:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
dihydrothymine dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H2O.
2,3-dihydroxy-acid hydro-lyase (3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate-forming)
2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate dehydratase activity
alpha,beta-dihydroxyacid dehydratase activity
alpha,beta-dihydroxyisovalerate dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate.
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthetase activity
dimethylallyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate dimethylallyltranstransferase activity
DMAPP:IPP-dimethylallyltransferase activity
geranyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity
trans-farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity
dimethylnitrosamine demethylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from N-nitrosodimethylamine.
N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase activity
diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate + ATP = ADP + CO2 + H+ + isopentenyl diphosphate + phosphate.
5-pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase activity
ATP:(R)-5-diphosphomevalonate carboxy-lyase (adding ATP; isopentenyl-diphosphate-forming)
ATP:(R)-5-diphosphomevalonate carboxy-lyase (dehydrating)
mevalonate 5-diphosphate decarboxylase activity
mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase activity
mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase activity
mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase activity
pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase activity
pyrophosphomevalonic acid decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2-(3-carboxy-3-aminopropyl)-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2-(3-carboxy-3-(methylammonio)propyl)-L-histidine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:2-(3-carboxy-3-aminopropyl)-L-histidine methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:elongation factor 2 methyltransferase activity
delta(3)-delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: a (3Z)-enoyl-CoA = a 4-saturated (2E)-enoyl-CoA or a (3E)-enoyl-CoA = a 4-saturated (2E)-enoyl-CoA.
delta(3),delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase activity
delta(3)-cis-delta(2)-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase activity
delta3,delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase activity
delta3-cis-delta2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase
delta3-delta2 enoyl-CoA isomerase activity
dodecenoyl-CoA (3Z)-(2E)-isomerase activity
dodecenoyl-CoA delta3-cis-delta2-trans-isomerase activity
dolichyl-phosphate alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + dolichyl phosphate = UDP + dolichyl N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl phosphate.
dolichyl phosphate acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
dolichyl-phosphate acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
dolichyl phosphate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichyl-phosphate alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-dolichol phosphate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-dolichol phosphate acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-dopachrome = 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate.
dopachrome Delta(7),Delta(2)-isomerase activity
dopachrome delta7,Delta2-isomerase activity
L-dopachrome keto-enol isomerase activity
L-dopachrome-methyl ester tautomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + dolichol = CDP + dolichyl phosphate.
CTP:dolichol O-phosphotransferase activity
dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl phosphate D-mannose + protein = dolichyl phosphate + O-D-mannosylprotein.
dolichol phosphomannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity
dolichyl-phosphate-D-mannose:protein O-D-mannosyltransferase activity
dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein O-mannosyltransferase activity
protein O-D-mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dUTP + H2O = dUMP + H+ + diphosphate.
desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphatase activity
desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
obsolete deoxyhypusine synthase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: [eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + spermidine = [eIF5A-precursor]-deoxyhypusine + propane-1,3-diamine.
obsolete ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyl/UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: Ecdysone + palmitoyl-CoA = CoA + ecdysone palmitate.
acyl-CoA:ecdysone acyltransferase activity
fatty acyl-CoA:ecdysone acyltransferase activity
palmitoyl-CoA:ecdysone palmitoyltransferase activity
electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a ubiquinone + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a ubiquinol + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase activity
electron transfer flavoprotein Q oxidoreductase activity
electron transfer flavoprotein reductase activity
electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity
electron-transferring-flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal amino acid, Xaa-Xbb-, in which Xaa is preferably Leu, but may be other amino acids including Pro although not Arg or Lys, and Xbb may be Pro.
obsolete membrane alanyl aminopeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal amino acid, Xaa-Xbb- from a peptide, amide or arylamide. Xaa is preferably Ala, but may be most amino acids including Pro (slow action). When a terminal hydrophobic residue is followed by a prolyl residue, the two may be released as an intact Xaa-Pro dipeptide.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-L-amino acid + H2O = peptide + L-amino acid. Little or no action with -Asp, -Glu, -Arg, -Lys or -Pro.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-L-lysine (or peptidyl-L-arginine) + H2O = peptide + L-lysine (or L-arginine). Function is activated by Co2+ and inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline and other chelating agents.
obsolete lysine carboxypeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-L-lysine (or peptidyl-L-arginine) + H2O = peptide + L-lysine (or L-arginine). Release of a C-terminal basic amino acid, preferentially lysine; inactivates bradykinin and anaphylatoxins in blood plasma.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from the C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of a C-terminal amino acid with a broad specificity.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential release of a C-terminal arginine or lysine residue. Function is inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate and sensitive to thiol-blocking reagents.
obsolete serine-type Pro-X carboxypeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of a Pro-Xaa bond by a serine-type peptidase mechanism to release a C-terminal amino acid.
obsolete tubulinyl-Tyr carboxypeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of the Glu-Tyr bond to release the C-terminal tyrosine residue from the native tyrosinated tubulin. Inactive on Z-Glu-Tyr.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which a water molecule bound by the side chains of aspartic residues at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the selected cleavage of the Leu6-Lys7 bond in the pheromone alpha-mating factor.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Specificity similar to, but narrower than, that of pepsin A. Does not cleave the Gln4-His5 bond in the B chain of insulin.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Similar to cathepsin D, but slightly broader specificity.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Preferential cleavage: hydrophobic, preferably aromatic, residues in P1 and P1' positions. Cleaves Phe1-Val2, Gln4-His5, Glu13-Ala14, Ala14-Leu15, Leu15-Tyr16, Tyr16-Leu17, Gly23-Phe24, Phe24-Phe25 and Phe25-Tyr26 bonds in the B chain of insulin.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of Leu-Xaa bond in angiotensinogen to generate angiotensin I.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the degradation of gelatin; little activity on hemoglobin. Specificity on B chain of insulin more restricted than pepsin A; does not cleave Phe1-Val2, Gln4-His5 or Gly23-Phe24.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism using a cysteine residue at the enzyme active center, and requiring the presence of calcium.
obsolete signaling (initiator) caspase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of interleukin 1-beta by specific cleavage of Asp116-Ala117 and Asp27-Gly28 bonds in precursor. Enzymes with this function can also hydrolyze the terminal bond in the small-molecule substrate, Ac-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-NHMec.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage at the terminal bond of the motif: Asp-Xaa-Xaa-Asp-Xaa. Enzymes with this function are members of the peptidase family C14 and they appear to function in the inactivation of proteins involved in cellular repair and homeostasis during the effector stage of apoptosis.
obsolete lysosomal cysteine-type endopeptidase
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds with a broad specificity. Preferentially cleaves the terminal bond of -Arg-Arg-Xaa motifs in small molecule substrates (thus differing from cathepsin L). In addition to being an endopeptidase, shows peptidyl-dipeptidase activity, liberating C-terminal dipeptides.
obsolete dipeptidyl-peptidase I activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal dipeptide, Xaa-Xbb from Xaa-Xbb-Xcc, except when Xaa is Arg or Lys, or Xbb or Xcc is Pro.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, acting as an aminopeptidase (notably, cleaving Arg-Xaa bonds) as well as an endopeptidase.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Has a broad proteolytic activity. With small-molecule substrates and inhibitors, the major determinant of specificity is P2, which is preferably Leu, Met > Phe, and not Arg.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Specificity close to that of papain. As compared to cathepsin B, cathepsin L exhibits higher activity towards protein substrates, but has little activity on Z-Arg-Arg-NHMec, and no peptidyl-dipeptidase activity.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Similar to cathepsin L, but with much less activity on the terminal bond of Z-Phe-Arg-NHMec, and more activity on the terminal bond of Z-Val-Val-Arg-Xaa compounds.
obsolete pyroglutamyl-peptidase I activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: pyroglutamyl-peptide + H2O = pyroglutamate + peptide.
obsolete ubiquitin thiolesterase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ubiquitin C-terminal thioester + H2O = ubiquitin + a thiol.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
obsolete Gly-X carboxypeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-Gly-Xaa + H2O = peptidyl-Gly + Xaa.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of gelatin type I and collagen types IV, V, VII, X. Cleaves the collagen-like sequence Pro-Gln-Gly-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gln at the Gly-Ile bond.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of gelatin types I and V and collagen types IV and V.
obsolete glutamyl aminopeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of a N-terminal glutamate (and to a lesser extent aspartate) from a peptide.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the degradation of insulin, glucagon and other polypeptides. No action on proteins.
obsolete interstitial collagenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential cleavage of one bond in native collagen. Cleavage of the triple helix of collagen at about three-quarters of the length of the molecule from the N-terminus, at Gly775-Ile776 in the alpha-1(I) chain. Cleaves synthetic substrates and alpha-macroglobulins at bonds where P1' is a hydrophobic residue.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of soluble and insoluble elastin. Specific cleavages are also produced at Ala14-Leu15 and Tyr16-Leu17 in the B chain of insulin.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of Ala14-Leu15 and Tyr16-Leu17 in B chain of insulin. No action on collagen types I, II, IV and V. Cleaves gelatin chain alpha-2(I) > alpha-1(I).
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of dipeptides.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of protein and peptide substrates preferentially on carboxyl side of hydrophobic residues.
initiator methionyl aminopeptidase activity
Catalysis of the release of N-terminal initiator methionine from peptides.
obsolete mitochondrial processing peptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of N-terminal transit peptides from precursor proteins imported into the mitochondrion, typically with Arg in position P2.
obsolete alpha-mitochondrial processing peptidase
obsolete beta-mitochondrial processing peptidase
obsolete mitochondrial intermediate peptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal octapeptide as second stage of processing of some proteins imported in the mitochondrion.
obsolete mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the maturation of mitochondrial precursor proteins delivered to the intermembrane space.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential cleavage at the amino group of hydrophobic residues in insulin, casein, hemoglobin, and a number of other proteins and polypeptides.
obsolete peptidyl-dipeptidase A activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of a C-terminal dipeptide, Xaa-Xbb from oligopeptide-Xaa-Xbb, when Xaa is not Pro, and Xbb is neither Asp nor Glu. Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of Pro-Phe and Ala-Ala bonds.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential cleavage where P1', P2' and P3' are hydrophobic residues.
OBSOLETE. Was not defined before being made obsolete.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal amino acid, preferably a neutral or hydrophobic one, from a polypeptide. Aminoacyl-arylamides are poor substrates.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of Xaa-Pro dipeptides; also acts on aminoacyl-hydroxyproline analogs. No action on Pro-Pro.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of the Leu-Leu bond in synthetic tetradecapeptide renin substrate, producing angiotensin I, but not active on natural angiotensinogen. Also hydrolyzes BZ-Arg-para-nitroanilide.
obsolete acylaminoacyl-peptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: acylaminoacyl-peptide + H2O = acylamino acid + peptide.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Specificity similar to chymotrypsin C.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of proteins with broad specificity, and of BZ-Arg-OET > Ac-Tyr-OET. Does not hydrolyze peptide amides.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential cleavage of Tyr-Xaa > Trp-Xaa > Phe-Xaa > Leu-Xaa.
obsolete dipeptidyl-peptidase IV activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal dipeptide, by the hydrolysis of the Xbb-Xcc bond in Xaa-Xbb-Xcc, preferentially when Xbb is Pro, provided Xcc is neither Pro nor hydroxyproline.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the selective cleavage of Lys6-Ile7 bond in trypsinogen.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of mature proteins from their proproteins by cleavage of the terminal bond of Arg-Xaa-Yaa-Arg-Z motifs where Xaa can be any amino acid and Yaa is Arg or Lys. Releases albumin, complement component C3 and von Willebrand factor from their respective precursors.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of proteins, including fibronectin, type IV collagen and nucleolin. Preferential cleavage: Arg-Xaa > Lys-Xaa > Phe-Xaa in small molecule substrates.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential cleavage of Asp-Xaa > Asn-Xaa > Met-Xaa, Ser-Xaa.
obsolete pancreatic elastase II activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential cleavage of Leu-Xaa, Met-Xaa and Phe-Xaa. Hydrolyzes elastin.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential cleavage of Lys-Xaa > Arg-Xaa; higher selectivity than trypsin. Converts fibrin into soluble products.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential cleavage of Arg-Xaa > Lys-Xaa.
obsolete proprotein convertase 1 activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of protein hormones, neuropeptides and renin from their precursors, generally by cleavage of -Lys-Arg-Xaa at the Arg-Xaa bond.
obsolete proprotein convertase 2 activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of protein hormones and neuropeptides from their precursors, generally by cleavage of -Lys-Arg-Xaa at the Arg-Xaa bond.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of Pro-Xaa > Ala-Xaa in oligopeptides.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of the Arg-Xaa bond in Lys-Arg-Xaa and Arg-Arg-Xaa to process Yeast alpha-factor pheromone and killer toxin precursors.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of proteins with broad specificity for peptide bonds, and a preference for a large uncharged residue in P1. Hydrolyzes peptide amides.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential cleavage of Arg-Xaa bonds in small molecule substrates. Highly selective action to release kallidin (lysyl-bradykinin) from kininogen involves hydrolysis of Met-Xaa or Leu-Xaa. The rat enzyme is unusual in liberating bradykinin directly from autologous kininogens by cleavage at two Arg-Xaa bonds.
obsolete tripeptidyl-peptidase II activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal tripeptide from a polypeptide at neutral pH.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential cleavage of Arg-Xaa, Lys-Xaa.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
obsolete proteasome endopeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage at peptide bonds with very broad specificity.
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-hydroxy-fatty acyl-CoA = a enoyl-CoA + H2O. This reaction usually occurs in the reverse direction, leading to the reduction of the double bound of enoyl-CoA in position 2 or 3. Specific reactions catalyzed include: a 4-saturated-(3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a (3E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O and a (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O.
(3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA hydro-lyase activity
short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an epoxide + H2O = a glycol.
estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: estradiol-17-beta + NAD(P)+ = estrone + NAD(P)H + H+. The activity can use NAD+ or NADP+ as the acceptor.
17beta,20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
17-beta-estradiol dehydrogenase activity
17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
estradiol-17beta:NAD(P)+ 17-oxidoreductase activity
estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + estrone = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + estrone 3-sulfate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:estrone 3-sulfotransferase activity
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate:oestrone sulfotransferase activity
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate-estrone 3-sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ethanolamine = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphoethanolamine.
ATP:ethanolamine O-phosphotransferase activity
ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + ethanolamine phosphate = diphosphate + CDP-ethanolamine.
CTP:ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
CTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase activity
CTP-phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase activity
ethanolamine phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase activity
phosphorylethanolamine transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-ethanolamine + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CMP + a phosphatidylethanolamine.
CDP-ethanolamine:1,2-diacylglycerol ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity
CDPethanolamine diglyceride phosphotransferase activity
diacylglycerol ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity
phosphorylethanolamine-glyceride transferase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->3)-, alpha-(2->6)-, alpha-(2->8)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid and synthetic substrates.
N-acylneuraminate glycohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: polyphosphate(n) + H2O = polyphosphate(n-1) + phosphate.
acid phosphoanhydride phosphohydrolase activity
farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + presqualene diphosphate.
farnesyl-diphosphate:farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase activity
presqualene-diphosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase activity
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase activity
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity
trans,trans-farnesyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate farnesyltranstransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADPH + 2n H+ = long-chain fatty acid + n+1 CoA + n CO2 + 2n NADP+.
acyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl-reducing and thioester-hydrolysing)
[acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + acetyl-[acyl-carrier protein].
[acyl-carrier protein] S-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:acyl-carrier-protein S-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl coenzyme A-acyl-carrier-protein transacylase activity
acyl-carrier-proteinacetyltransferase activity
acyl-carrier-protein acetyltransferase activity
acyl-carrier-protein S-acetyltransferase activity
[acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein].
[acyl-carrier protein] S-malonyltransferase activity
acyl carrier proteinmalonyltransferase activity
acyl carrier protein malonyltransferase activity
acyl-carrier-protein S-malonyltransferase activity
malonyl-CoA:acyl-carrier-protein S-malonyltransferase activity
malonyl-CoA:acyl carrier protein transacylase activity
malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase activity
malonyl coenzyme A-acyl carrier protein transacylase activity
3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CO2 + [acyl-carrier protein].
3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase activity
3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] synthase activity
3-oxoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase activity
3-oxoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I activity
acyl-acyl-carrier-protein:malonyl-acyl-carrier-protein C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating)
acyl-malonyl(acyl-carrier-protein)-condensing enzyme activity
acyl-malonyl acyl carrier protein-condensing enzyme activity
beta-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase activity
beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase activity
beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase activity
beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase I
beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase II activity
beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase activity
3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.
(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-acyl-carrier-protein:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
3-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein reductase activity
3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] reductase activity
3-oxoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein reductase activity
beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase activity
beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier protein(ACP) reductase activity
beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase activity
beta-ketoacyl thioester reductase activity
NADPH-specific 3-oxoacyl-acylcarrier proteinreductase activity
(3R)-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 2-hexadecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.
(3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydro-lyase activity
(3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-acyl-carrier-protein hydro-lyase (hexadec-2-enoyl-acyl-carrier protein-forming)
(3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-acyl-carrier-protein hydro-lyase activity
3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase activity
3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
3-hydroxypalmitoyl-ACP dehydratase activity
3-hydroxypalmitoyl-acyl-carrier-protein dehydratase activity
enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADH + H+.
acyl-acyl-carrier-protein:NAD+ oxidoreductase
enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] reductase (NADH) activity
enoyl-acyl-carrier-protein reductase (NADH)
NADH-enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase activity
NADH-specific enoyl-ACP reductase activity
enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, B-specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.
acyl-acyl-carrier-protein:NADP+ oxidoreductase (B-specific)
enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] reductase (NADPH, B-specific) activity
enoyl-ACP reductase (NADPH, B-specific) activity
enoyl-acyl-carrier-protein reductase (NADPH, B-specific)
enoyl-acyl-carrier-protein reductase (NADPH2, B-specific)
enoyl acyl-carrier-protein reductase activity
reductase, enoyl-acyl carrier protein (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + oleate.
oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] hydrolase activity
oleoyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADH + 2n NADPH + 4n H+ = a long-chain acyl-CoA + n CoA + n CO2 + 2n NAD+ + 2n NADP+.
acyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl- reducing)
Catalysis of the reaction: 4 Fe2+ + 4 H+ + O2 = 4 Fe3+ + 2 H2O.
ferroxidase, iron II:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
iron(II): oxygen oxidoreductase activity
multicopper ferroxidase iron transport mediator activity
obsolete multicopper ferroxidase iron transport mediator activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 4 Fe2+ + 4 H+ + O2 = 4 Fe3+ + 2 H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NADP+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NADPH + H+.
ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
ferredoxin-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized) reductase activity
ferredoxin-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reductase activity
NADPH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-adrenodoxin reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: heme B (protoheme) + H+ = Fe(2+) + protoporphyrin IX.
protoheme ferro-lyase (protoporphyrin-forming)
tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n) + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n+1).
folate polyglutamate synthetase activity
folylpoly(gamma-glutamate) synthase activity
folylpoly-gamma-glutamate synthase activity
folylpoly-gamma-glutamate synthetase-dihydrofolate synthetase activity
formyltetrahydropteroyldiglutamate synthetase activity
N(10)-formyltetrahydropteroyldiglutamate synthetase activity
N10-formyltetrahydropteroyldiglutamate synthetase activity
tetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate gamma-ligase (ADP-forming) activity
tetrahydrofolyl-[gamma-Glu]n:L-glutamate gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)
tetrahydropteroyl-[gamma-polyglutamate]:L-glutamate gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)
obsolete formaldehyde dehydrogenase (glutathione) activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: formaldehyde + glutathione + NAD+ = S-formylglutathione + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: formamide + H2O = formate + NH4.
formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + formate + tetrahydrofolate = ADP + phosphate + 10-formyltetrahydrofolate.
10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity
formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity
fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose-6-phosphate + phosphate.
beta-D-fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphohydrolase activity
D-fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = glycerone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase (glycerone-phosphate-forming)
D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase activity
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate triosephosphate-lyase activity
fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase activity
fructose 1-monophosphate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate = fumarate + H2O.
(S)-malate hydro-lyase (fumarate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H+.
4-fumarylacetoacetate fumarylhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + ATP = alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:D-galactose 1-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:D-galactose-1-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = D-galactose + N-acylsphingosine.
D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine galactohydrolase activity
galactocerebroside-beta-D-galactosidase activity
galactocerebroside beta-galactosidase activity
galactocerebroside galactosidase activity
galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate.
farnesyl diphosphate synthetase activity
farnesylpyrophosphate synthetase activity
farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity
geranyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate geranyltranstransferase activity
glucan exo-1,3-beta-glucosidase activity
Catalysis of the successive hydrolysis of beta-D-glucose units from the non-reducing ends of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, releasing alpha-glucose.
exo-beta-(1->3)-glucanohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal (1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues successively from non-reducing ends of the chains with release of beta-D-glucose.
1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucohydrolase activity
gamma-1,4-glucan glucohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-glucose = ADP + D-glucose-6-phosphate.
ATP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O = D-gluconate.
D-glucono-1,5-lactone lactonohydrolase activity
glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + NH4.
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate aminohydrolase (ketol isomerizing)
aminodeoxyglucosephosphate isomerase activity
glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase activity
glucosamine phosphate deaminase activity
glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + CoA + H+.
acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase activity
aminodeoxyglucosephosphate acetyltransferase activity
D-glucosamine-6-P N-acetyltransferase activity
glucosamine 6-phosphate acetylase activity
glucosamine-6-phosphate acetylase activity
glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase activity
N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate synthase activity
phosphoglucosamine transacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + acceptor = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced acceptor.
glucose dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + NADPH + H+.
D-glucose-6-phosphate:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
D-glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase activity
glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP) activity
NADP-dependent glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
NADP-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + phosphate. D-glucopyranose is also known as D-glucose 6-phosphate.
D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
glucose 6-phosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.
D-glucose-6-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = D-glucose + N-acylsphingosine.
D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase activity
glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase activity
glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase activity
glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + ADP + H+.
ATP:gamma-L-glutamate phosphotransferase activity
ATP:L-glutamate 5-phosphotransferase activity
ATP-L-glutamate 5-phosphotransferase activity
glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + H+ + NADPH.
beta-glutamylphosphate reductase activity
gamma-glutamylphosphate reductase activity
gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase activity
glutamate-gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
glutamyl-gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate = 4-aminobutanoate + CO2.
L-aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase activity
L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase (4-aminobutanoate-forming)
L-glutamate alpha-decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADH + H+.
L-glutamate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity
NAD-dependent glutamic dehydrogenase activity
NADH-linked glutamate dehydrogenase activity
NAD-linked glutamate dehydrogenase activity
NAD-linked glutamic dehydrogenase activity
NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase activity
NAD-specific glutamic dehydrogenase activity
glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.
glutamate biosynthesis, using glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)
glutamate biosynthetic process, using glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)
L-glutamate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADPH + H+.
dehydrogenase, glutamate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate))
L-glutamate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
NAD(P)H-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H+ + NADPH. This is a two-step reaction: (a) L-glutamate + NH3 = L-glutamine + H2O, (b) L-glutamate + NADP+ + H2O = NH3 + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.
glutamate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) synthase activity
glutamine amide-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (oxidoreductase, NADP) activity
glutamine-ketoglutaric aminotransferase activity
L-glutamate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (transaminating)
L-glutamine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, NADPH oxidizing activity
NADPH-dependent glutamate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + NH3 = L-glutamine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + L-glutamate + ATP = L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity
gamma-glutamylcysteinyl synthetase activity
gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine synthetase activity
L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + L-glutamate = N-acetyl-L-glutamate + L-ornithine.
2-N-acetyl-L-ornithine:L-glutamate N-acetyltransferase activity
acetylglutamate-acetylornithine transacetylase activity
acetylglutamic-acetylornithine transacetylase activity
acetylornithine glutamate acetyltransferase activity
alpha-N-acetyl-L-ornithine:L-glutamate N-acetyltransferase activity
N2-acetyl-L-ornithine:L-glutamate N-acetyltransferase activity
N-acetyl-L-glutamate synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + NH3.
glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate.
D-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase activity
glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase (glutamine-forming) activity
glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase activity
glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase activity
glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (isomerizing) activity
hexosephosphate aminotransferase activity
L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)
L-glutamine-D-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase activity
3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 3-methyl-(2E)-butenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
glutaryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity
glutathione-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + NADP+ = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+.
glutathione:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
glutathione-disulfide reductase activity
glutathione-disulphide reductase activity
NADPH:oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP + glycine = ADP + glutathione + 2 H+ + phosphate.
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: R-X + glutathione = H-X + R-S-glutathione. R may be an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group; X may be a sulfate, nitrile or halide group.
glutathione S-alkyl transferase activity
glutathione S-aralkyltransferase activity
S-(hydroxyalkyl)glutathione lyase activity
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H+.
3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase activity
D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
glyceraldehyde-3-P-dehydrogenase activity
glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD)
NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase activity
NADH-glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase activity
phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase activity
glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.
3-glycerophosphate acyltransferase activity
ACP:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity
acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase activity
alpha-glycerophosphate acyltransferase activity
glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase activity
glycerol phosphate acyltransferase activity
glycerol phosphate transacylase activity
glycerophosphate acyltransferase activity
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase activity
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + a quinone = glycerone phosphate + a quinol.
FAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
flavin-linked glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
L-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase activity
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2 = glycerone phosphate + H2O2.
L-alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase activity
L-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase activity
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycerol = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:glycerol 3-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:glycerol-3-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycerone = ADP + glycerone phosphate + 2 H+.
ATP:glycerone phosphotransferase activity
glycine hydroxymethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine.
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase activity
L-serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity
serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = UDP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).
UDPglucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reactions: glycine + lipoylprotein = S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + carbon dioxide (CO2), followed by S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + (6S)-tetrahydrofolate = dihydrolipoylprotein + (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + ammonia. Made up of two components, aminomethyltransferase and glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating).
glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + lipoylprotein = S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2.
glycine:H-protein-lipoyllysine oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, acceptor-amino-methylating)
glycine:lipoylprotein oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-aminomethylating)
glycine-cleavage complex P-protein activity
glycine cleavage system P-protein activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.
glycolipid mannosyl transferase activity
GDP-Man:Man3GlcNAc2-PP-Dol alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + 2 GDP-alpha-D-mannose = an alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + 2 GDP + 2 H+. This reaction is the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->2)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.
GDP-D-mannose:D-Man-alpha-(1->3)-[D-Man-alpha-(1->6)]-D-Man-beta-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-beta-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity
GDP-mannose:glycolipid 1,2-alpha-D-mannosyltransferase activity
GDP-mannose-oligosaccharide-lipid mannosyltransferase activity
glycolipid 2-alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphomannose-oligosaccharide-lipid mannosyltransferase activity
oligosaccharide-lipid mannosyltransferase activity
GDP-Man:Man1GlcNAc2-PP-Dol alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + GDP + H+. This reaction is the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.
GDP-D-mannose:D-Man-beta-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-beta-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol 3-alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
GDP-mannose:glycolipid 1,3-alpha-D-mannosyltransferase activity
GDP-mannose-oligosaccharide-lipid mannosyltransferase II
glycolipid 3-alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphomannose-oligosaccharide-lipid II mannosyltransferase activity
glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycyl-peptide = CoA + N-tetradecanoylglycyl-peptide.
myristoyl-CoA-protein N-myristoyltransferase activity
myristoyl-coenzyme A:protein N-myristoyl transferase activity
peptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase activity
tetradecanoyl-CoA:glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase activity
glycoprotein-fucosylgalactoside alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + glycoprotein-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-D-galactose = UDP + glycoprotein-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1,3)-(alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2))-D-galactose.
alpha-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
blood-group substance A-dependent acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
blood-group substance alpha-acetyltransferase activity
fucosylgalactose acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
fucosylgalactose alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
fucosylglycoprotein alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
histo-blood group A acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
histo-blood group A glycosyltransferase (Fucalpha1->2Galalpha1->3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase)
histo-blood group A transferase activity
UDP-GalNAc:Fucalpha1->2Galalpha1->3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:alpha-L-fucosyl-1,2-D-galactose 3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:glycoprotein-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-D-galactose 3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase activity
fucosylgalactoside 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + glycoprotein-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-D-galactose = UDP + glycoprotein-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-(alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2))-D-galactose.
[blood group substance] alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
blood-group substance B-dependent galactosyltransferase activity
blood-group substance beta-dependent galactosyltransferase activity
fucosylglycoprotein 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
glycoprotein-fucosylgalactoside alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
histo-blood group B transferase activity
histo-blood substance B-dependent galactosyltransferase activity
histo-blood substance beta-dependent galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-D-galactoside 3-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-D-galactoside 3-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)-D-galactoside 3-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)-D-galactoside 3-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:glycoprotein-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-D-galactose 3-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:O-alpha-L-fucosyl(1,2)D-galactose alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:O-alpha-L-fucosyl(1->2)D-galactose alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP + H2O = GMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate.
GTP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3',5'-cyclic-GMP-forming) activity
GTP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing) activity
obsolete membrane-associated guanylate kinase
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GMP = ADP + GDP, associated with the cell membrane.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GMP = ADP + GDP.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.
Catalysis of the reaction: heme b + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = biliverdin + CO + Fe2+ + H+ + 3 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].
heme,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (alpha-methene-oxidizing, hydroxylating)
heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfate; results in 2-O-sulfation of iduronic acid residues in heparan sulfate.
heparan-sulfate 2-O-sulphotransferase activity
heparin-sulphate 2-sulphotransferase activity
hexaprenyldihydroxybenzoate methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-hexaprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate.
3,4-dihydroxy-5-hexaprenylbenzoate methyltransferase activity
dihydroxyhexaprenylbenzoate methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3-hexaprenyl-4,5-dihydroxylate O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-hexose = ADP + D-hexose 6-phosphate.
ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase activity
hexokinase type IV (glucokinase) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine = urocanate + NH3.
L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine = histamine + CO2.
L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidinol + NAD+ = L-histidine + NADH + H+.
histidinol-phosphate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidinol-phosphate + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate + L-glutamate.
glutamic-imidazoleacetol phosphate transaminase activity
histidine:imidazoleacetol phosphate transaminase activity
histidinol phosphate aminotransferase activity
histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase activity
imidazoleacetol phosphate transaminase activity
imidazole acetol-phosphate transaminase activity
imidazolylacetolphosphate aminotransferase activity
imidazolylacetolphosphate transaminase activity
L-histidinol-phosphate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
L-histidinol phosphate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidinol phosphate + H2O = L-histidinol + phosphate.
histidinolphosphate phosphatase activity
histidinol phosphate phosphatase activity
L-histidinol phosphate phosphatase activity
L-histidinol-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone = CoA + acetyl-histone.
acetyl-CoA:histone acetyltransferase activity
H2A/H2B histone acetyltransferase activity
H3/H4 histone acetyltransferase activity
H4/H2 histone acetyltransferase activity
histone lysine acetyltransferase activity
nucleosome-histone acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone, a class of proteins complexed to DNA in chromatin and chromosomes.
Catalysis of the reaction: holocytochrome c = apocytochrome c + heme.
holocytochrome-c apocytochrome-c-lyase (heme-forming)
holocytochrome-c apocytochrome-c-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-homoisocitrate = cis-homoaconitate + H2O.
(1R,2S)-1-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate hydro-lyase [(Z)-but-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate-forming]
2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate hydro-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + H+ + homocitrate.
2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate 2-oxoglutarate-lyase (CoA-acetylating)
2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate 2-oxoglutarate-lyase (CoA- acetylating) activity
acetyl-CoA:2-oxoglutarate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl forming)
acetyl-coenzyme A:2-ketoglutarate C-acetyl transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + O2 = 4-maleylacetoacetate + H+.
homogentisate:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + NADP+ = L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + ATP = O-phospho-L-homoserine + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:L-homoserine O-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + acetyl-CoA = O-acetyl-L-homoserine + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:L-homoserine O-acetyltransferase activity
L-homoserine O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate.
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-(2-hydroxyacyl)glutathione + H2O = glutathione + a 2-hydroxy carboxylate.
acetoacetylglutathione hydrolase activity
S-(2-hydroxyacyl)glutathione hydrolase activity
S-2-hydroxylacylglutathione hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + ATP = 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + ADP + 2 H+.
4-methyl-5-(beta-hydroxyethyl)thiazole kinase activity
ATP:4-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)thiazole 2-phosphotransferase activity
hydroxyethylthiazole kinase (phosphorylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 4 porphobilinogen = hydroxymethylbilane + 4 NH4.
(4-(2-carboxyethyl)-3-(carboxymethyl)pyrrol-2-yl)methyltransferase (hydrolyzing) activity
(4-[2-carboxyethyl]-3-[carboxymethyl]pyrrol-2-yl)methyltransferase (hydrolysing)
porphobilinogen:(4-[2-carboxyethyl]-3-[carboxymethyl]pyrrol-2-yl)methyltransferase (hydrolysing)
porphobilinogen ammonia-lyase (polymerizing)
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA.
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA acetoacetate-lyase (acetyl-CoA-forming)
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA acetoacetate-lyase activity
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate-CoA lyase activity
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA cleaving enzyme
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase activity
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A-cleaving enzyme
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+ = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH.
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA + H+.
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA acetoacetyl-CoA-lyase (CoA-acetylating)
(s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA acetoacetyl-CoA-lyase (CoA- acetylating) activity
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthetase activity
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase activity
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase activity
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthetase activity
acetoacetyl coenzyme A transacetase activity
acetyl-CoA:acetoacetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl-forming)
beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A-condensing enzyme
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme alpha-condensing enzyme activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase activity
hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + diphosphate = hypoxanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
6-hydroxypurine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
6-mercaptopurine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
guanine-hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
IMP:diphosphate phospho-D-ribosyltransferase activity
inosine 5'-phosphate pyrophosphorylase activity
inosinic acid pyrophosphorylase activity
purine-6-thiol phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2-sulfate groups of the L-iduronate 2-sulfate units of dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate and heparin.
2-sulfo-L-iduronate 2-sulfatase activity
L-iduronate-2-sulfate 2-sulfohydrolase activity
L-iduronate 2-sulfate sulfatase activity
imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythro-1-(imidazol-4-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate + H2O.
D-erythro-1-(imidazol-4-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate hydro-lyase [3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl-phosphate-forming]
D-erythro-1-(imidazol-4-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate hydro-lyase activity
imidazoleglycerol phosphate dehydratase activity
indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate = 1-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate + CO2 + H2O.
1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose-5-phosphate carboxy-lyase (cyclizing)
1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose-5-phosphate carboxy-lyase [cyclizing; 1-C-(3-indolyl)-glycerol-3-phosphate-forming]
indole-3-glycerophosphate synthase activity
indoleglycerol phosphate synthase activity
indoleglycerol phosphate synthetase activity
inorganic diphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + H2O = H+ + 2 phosphate.
obsolete inositol or phosphatidylinositol kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the phosphorylation of myo-inositol (1,2,3,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol) or a phosphatidylinositol.
1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphotransferase activity
phosphatidylinositol kinase (phosphorylating) activity
type II phosphatidylinositol kinase activity
obsolete 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase, class IA
OBSOLETE. A class I PI3K activated by tyrosine phosphorylation events.
obsolete 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase, class IB
OBSOLETE. A class I PI3K activated via heterotrimeric G-proteins.
phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H+.
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate inositoltrisphosphohydrolase activity
1-phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate inositoltrisphosphohydrolase activity
1-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase activity
monophosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase activity
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis
phosphoinositide phospholipase C activity
triphosphoinositide phosphodiesterase activity
phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate + diacylglycerol.
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol diacylglycerol-lyase (1,2-cyclic-phosphate-forming)
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol diacyl-sn-glycerol-lyase (1D-myo-inositol-1,2-cyclic-phosphate-forming)
1-phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol inositolphosphohydrolase (cyclic-phosphate-forming)
1-phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase activity
obsolete inositol or phosphatidylinositol phosphatase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the removal of a phosphate group from phosphorylated myo-inositol (1,2,3,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol) or a phosphatidylinositol.
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate.
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate 3-phosphohydrolase activity
D-myo-inositol-1,3-bisphosphate 3-phosphohydrolase activity
inositol-1,3-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity
inositol 1,3-bisphosphate phosphatase activity
inositol-polyphosphate 3-phosphatase activity
phosphatidyl-3-phosphate 3-phosphohydrolase activity
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase activity
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.
phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphatase activity
phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphatase activity
phosphatidyl-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphatase activity
triphosphoinositide phosphatase activity
triphosphoinositide phosphomonoesterase activity
inositol-1,4-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.
1D-myo-inositol-1,4-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase activity
inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase activity
inositol-polyphosphate 1-phosphatase activity
obsolete inositol-1,4,-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,3-bisphosphate + H2O = D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate + phosphate.
obsolete inositol-1,4,-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate + phosphate.
obsolete inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 1-phosphatase
OBSOLETE. The removal of a phosphate group from the carbon-1 position of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.
inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.
1D-myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphohydrolase activity
D-myo-inositol(1,4,5)/(1,3,4,5)-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate/1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate phosphatase activity
inositol phosphate 5-phosphomonoesterase activity
inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase activity
inositol triphosphate 5-phosphomonoesterase activity
inositol trisphosphate phosphomonoesterase activity
Ins(1,4,5)P3/Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 5-phosphatase activity
InsP(3)/Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4) 5-phosphatase activity
InsP3/Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 5-phosphatase activity
L-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-monoesterase activity
myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
type II inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
type II inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
type I inositol-polyphosphate phosphatase activity
inositol-hexakisphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol pentakisphosphate (mixed isomers) + phosphate.
1D-myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate 5-phosphohydrolase activity
inositol tetrakisphosphate phosphomonoesterase activity
multiple inositol-polyphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: iodide + H2O2 = iodine + 2 H2O.
isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NAD(P)+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NAD(P)H.
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH.
isocitrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
NAD dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH.
dual-cofactor-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
isocitrate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
isocitrate (NADP) dehydrogenase activity
isocitrate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase activity
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP) activity
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-dependent) activity
NADP(+)-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
NADP-dependent isocitric dehydrogenase activity
NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
triphosphopyridine nucleotide-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate = glyoxylate + succinate.
isocitrate glyoxylate-lyase (succinate-forming)
threo-DS-isocitrate glyoxylate-lyase activity
isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: isopentenyl diphosphate = dimethylallyl diphosphate.
isopentenyl-diphosphate delta3-delta2-isomerase activity
isopentenyl-diphosphate D-isomerase activity
isopentenylpyrophosphate delta-isomerase activity
isopentenylpyrophosphate isomerase activity
methylbutenylpyrophosphate isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: methyl (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + H2O = (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + methanol. A carboxylesterase that hydrolyzes the ester linkage of juvenile hormone.
juvenile hormone analog esterase activity
juvenile hormone carboxyesterase activity
methyl-(2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate acylhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 1-phosphate.
ATP:D-fructose 1-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+.
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (isomerizing)
2-hydroxy-3-keto acid reductoisomerase activity
acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase activity
acetohydroxy acid reductoisomerase activity
alpha-keto-beta-hydroxylacyl reductoisomerase activity
dihydroxyisovalerate (isomerizing) dehydrogenase activity
dihydroxyisovalerate dehydrogenase (isomerizing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate + H2O.
6-phospho-D-gluconate hydro-lyase (2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate-forming)
6-phospho-D-gluconate hydro-lyase activity
gluconate 6-phosphate dehydratase activity
gluconate-6-phosphate dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: lactate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + pyruvate.
D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + 2 H+ + pyruvate.
(R)-lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase activity
cytochrome-dependent D-(-)-lactate dehydrogenase activity
D-(-)-lactic cytochrome c reductase activity
D-lactate (cytochrome) dehydrogenase activity
D-lactate-cytochrome c reductase activity
D-lactate ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + NAD+ = pyruvate + NADH + H+.
L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + 2 H+ + pyruvate.
(S)-lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase activity
cytochrome b2 (flavin-free derivative of flavocytochrome b2)
L(+)-lactate:cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity
L-lactate cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity
L-lactate cytochrome c reductase activity
L-lactate ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + D-glucose = UDP + lactose.
UDPgalactose:D-glucose 4-beta-D-galactotransferase activity
UDP-galactose:D-glucose 4-beta-D-galactotransferase activity
UDPgalactose-glucose galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose-glucose galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-glucose galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = glutathione + methylglyoxal.
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing; glutathione-forming)
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + leukotriene A(4) = leukotriene B(4).
(7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-(5S,6S)-5,6-epoxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene C(4) = glutathione + leukotriene A(4).
(7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-(5S,6R)-5,6-epoxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoate:glutathione leukotriene-transferase (epoxide-ring-opening)
(7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-(5S,6R)-6-(glutathion-S-yl)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoate glutathione-lyase (epoxide-forming)
leukotriene A(4):glutathione S-leukotrienyltransferase activity
leukotriene A4:glutathione S-leukotrienyltransferase activity
leukotriene-C4 glutathione-lyase (leukotriene-A4-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate, where the triacylglycerol is part of a lipoprotein.
triacylglycero-protein acylhydrolase activity
long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity
palmitoyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity
long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a long-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.
fatty acid thiokinase (long-chain) activity
long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase activity
long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activity
long-chain-fatty-acyl-CoA synthetase activity
long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme A synthetase activity
lysine N-acetyltransferase activity, acting on acetyl phosphate as donor
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + L-lysine = phosphate + N6-acetyl-L-lysine.
acetyl-phosphate:L-lysine 6-N-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-phosphate:L-lysine N6-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of malate with the concomitant production of pyruvate.
malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH + H+.
(S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
(S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity
malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) activity
malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NADP+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+.
(S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating, NADP)
malate dehydrogenase (NADP, decarboxylating)
NADP-linked decarboxylating malic enzyme
NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H+.
acetyl-CoA:glyoxylate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl-forming)
L-malate glyoxylate-lyase (CoA-acetylating) activity
mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GTP) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate + GTP = diphosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose.
GTP:alpha-D-mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
GTP:mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
GTP-mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
guanosine 5'-diphospho-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase activity
guanosine diphosphomannose pyrophosphorylase activity
guanosine triphosphate-mannose 1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
mannose 1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (guanosine triphosphate)
mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
PIM-GMP (phosphomannose isomerase-guanosine 5'-diphospho-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase)
Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.
D-mannose-6-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
D-mannose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase activity
methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + H2O = 10-formyltetrahydrofolate.
5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate 5-hydrolase (decyclizing)
5,10-methenyl-THF cyclohydrolase activity
citrovorum factor cyclodehydrase activity
formyl-methenyl-methylenetetrahydrofolate synthetase (combined)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + H2O = phosphate + diphosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
ATP:L-methionine S-adenosyltransferase activity
ATP-methionine adenosyltransferase activity
methionine S-adenosyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase activity
S-adenosylmethionine synthetase activity
methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + L-methionyl-tRNA + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + N-formylmethionyl-tRNA.
10-formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase activity
conversion of mitochondrial met-tRNAf to fmet-tRNA
formylmethionyl-transfer ribonucleic synthetase activity
methionyl ribonucleic formyltransferase activity
methionyl-transfer ribonucleate methyltransferase activity
methionyl-transfer ribonucleic transformylase activity
methionyl-transfer RNA transformylase activity
methionyl-tRNA Met formyltransferase activity
mitochondrial N-terminal peptidyl-methionine N-formylation
N(10)-formyltetrahydrofolic-methionyl-transfer ribonucleic transformylase activity
N10-formyltetrahydrofolic-methionyl-transfer ribonucleic transformylase activity
N-terminal peptidyl-methionine N-formylation
methylene-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid methylene fatty acid.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:unsaturated-phospholipid methyltransferase (methenylating)
unsaturated-phospholipid methyltransferase activity
mRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA. m7G(5')pppR-RNA is mRNA containing an N7-methylguanine cap; R may be guanosine or adenosine.
messenger ribonucleate guanine 7-methyltransferase activity
messenger RNA guanine 7-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:mRNA (guanine-7-N-)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:mRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppRm-RNA. R may be guanosine or adenosine.
messenger ribonucleate nucleoside 2'-methyltransferase activity
messenger RNA (nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferase activity
mRNA (adenosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + (5')pp-Pur-mRNA = diphosphate + G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA; G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA is mRNA containing a guanosine residue linked 5' through three phosphates to the 5' position of the terminal residue.
messenger RNA guanylyltransferase activity
methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + ATP + bicarbonate = trans-3-methylglutaconyl-CoA + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
beta-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase activity
beta-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase activity
beta-methylcrotonyl coenzyme A carboxylase activity
methylcrotonyl coenzyme A carboxylase activity
methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+.
5,10-methylene-THF dehydrogenase activity
N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase activity
methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADH.
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase activity
methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADP+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADPH.
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:NADP oxidoreductase activity
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+.
5,10-CH(2)-H(4)folate reductase activity
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH(2)) activity
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH) activity
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2) activity
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid reductase activity
5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate reductase activity
5-methyltetrahydrofolate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase activity
5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD oxidoreductase activity
5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase activity
5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced riboflavin adenine dinucleotide) reductase activity
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH(2)) activity
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH2)
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
methylenetetrahydrofolic acid reductase activity
N(5,10)-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
N(5),N(10)-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = trans-3-methylglutaconyl-CoA + H2O.
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA hydro-lyase (trans-3-methylglutaconyl-CoA-forming)
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA hydro-lyase activity
3-methylglutaconyl CoA hydratase activity
methylglutaconyl coenzyme A hydratase activity
methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NAD+ = propanoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+.
2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase (CoA-propanoylating)
methyl/ethyl malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + H+ = CO2 + propanoyl-CoA or (2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA + H+ = butanoyl-CoA + CO2.
(S)-2-methyl-3-oxopropanoyl-CoA carboxy-lyase activity
(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA carboxy-lyase (propanoyl-CoA-forming)
(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA carboxy-lyase activity
methylmalonyl-coenzyme A decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA.
2-methyl-3-oxopropanoyl-CoA 2-epimerase activity
methylmalonyl coenzyme A racemase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA.
(R)-2-methyl-3-oxopropanoyl-CoA CoA-carbonylmutase activity
(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA CoA-carbonylmutase activity
methylmalonyl-CoA CoA-carbonyl mutase activity
methylmalonyl coenzyme A carbonylmutase activity
methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + acceptor = mevaldate + reduced acceptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + ATP = (R)-5-phosphomevalonate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:(R)-mevalonate 5-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:mevalonate 5-phosphotransferase activity
mevalonate 5-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into a compound and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water.
Catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + H+ + NADPH + O2 = calcitriol + H2O + NADP+.
1-hydroxylase-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 activity
25-hydroxycholecalciferol 1alpha-hydroxylase activity
25-hydroxycholecalciferol 1-hydroxylase activity
25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase activity
25-hydroxycholecalciferol 1-monooxygenase activity
25-hydroxy D3-1alpha-hydroxylase activity
25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase activity
25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase activity
25-hydroxy vitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase activity
calcidiol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating)
N,N-dimethylaniline monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine:oxygen N-oxidoreductase activity
dimethylaniline monooxygenase (N-oxide-forming) activity
flavin-containing monooxygenase activity
methylphenyltetrahydropyridine N-monooxygenase activity
N,N-dimethylaniline,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-oxide-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate + dopamine + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + dehydroascorbate + H2O.
(3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine)beta-mono-oxygenase activity
3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine beta-oxidase activity
4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol beta-oxidase activity
MDBH (membrane-associated dopamine beta-monooxygenase)
SDBH (soluble dopamine beta-monooxygenase)
Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + Ecdysone + O2 = 20-hydroxyecdysone + A + H2O.
alpha-ecdysone C-20 hydroxylase activity
ecdysone,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O + NADP+.
L-kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + O2 = L-DOPAquinone + H2O. This reaction can use both monophenols (such as tyrosine) and catechols (o-diphenols) as substrates.
N-acetyl-6-hydroxytryptophan oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glycine + ascorbate + O2 = peptidyl(2-hydroxyglycine) + dehydroascorbate + H2O.
peptidyl alpha-amidating enzyme activity
peptidylglycine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating)
peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase activity
peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = L-tyrosine + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin.
L-phenylalanine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + squalene = (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene + H2O + NADP+.
squalene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2,3-epoxidizing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O.
steroid,reduced-adrenal-ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (11beta-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + AH2 + O2 = a 17a-hydroxysteroid + A + H2O.
17alpha-hydroxylase-C17,20 lyase activity
steroid,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (17alpha-hydroxylating)
steroid 17alphahydroxylase/17,20 lyase activity
steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase activity
steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase-C17-20 lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: A C(21) steroid + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = a 21-hydroxy-C(21)-steroid + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O.
steroid,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (21-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O.
indoleacetic acid-5-hydroxylase activity
L-tryptophan,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O.
L-tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate = 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate. This reaction requires NAD, which dehydrogenates the CHOH group to CO at C-5 of the glucose 6-phosphate, making C-6 into an active methylene, able to condense with the aldehyde at C-1. Finally, the enzyme-bound NADH reconverts C-5 into the CHOH form.
1L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate lyase (isomerizing)
D-glucose 6-phosphate cycloaldolase activity
glucose-6-phosphate inositol monophosphate cycloaldolase activity
inositol 1-phosphate synthatase activity
inositol 1-phosphate synthetase activity
neolactotetraosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide.
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:neolactotetraosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity
cytidine monophosphoacetylneuraminate-neolactotetraosylceramide sialyltransferase activity
nicotinate-nucleotide diphosphorylase (carboxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CO2 + diphosphate + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 2 H+ + quinolinate.
nicotinate mononucleotide pyrophosphorylase (carboxylating)
nicotinate-nucleotide:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase (carboxylating)
nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase (carboxylating) activity
quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity
quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase activity
quinolinic phosphoribosyltransferase activity
nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nicotinate ribonucleotide = diphosphate + deamido-NAD+.
ATP:nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
ATP:nicotinate-ribonucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
deamido-NAD(+) pyrophosphorylase activity
deamidonicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pyrophosphorylase activity
nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase
nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H+ + nicotinate.
nicotinate-nucleotide:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase activity
nicotinic acid mononucleotide glycohydrolase activity
nicotinic acid mononucleotide pyrophosphorylase activity
nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+.
endothelium-derived relaxation factor-forming enzyme activity
endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthase activity
L-arginine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (nitric-oxide-forming) activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA to 3'-phosphomononucleotides and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in C-P or U-P with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.
ceratitis capitata alkaline ribonuclease activity
ribonucleate 3'-pyrimidino-oligonucleotidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA in RNA-DNA hybrids to 5'-phosphomonoesters.
RNA*DNA hybrid ribonucleotidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA with 5'-phosphomonoesters and 3'-OH termini; makes two staggered cuts in both strands of dsRNA, leaving a 3' overhang of 2 nt.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 5' extra nucleotides from tRNA precursor.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end.
Catalysis of the sequential hydrolytic removal of 5'-nucleotides from the 3'-hydroxy termini of 3'-hydroxy-terminated oligonucleotides.
5' nucleotide phosphodiesterase/alkaline phosphodiesterase I activity
5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I activity
oligonucleate 5'-nucleotidohydrolase activity
orthophosphoric diester phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a DNA molecule.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to 5'-phosphodinucleotide and 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end products.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to 3'-phosphodinucleotide and 3'-phosphooligonucleotide end products.
deoxyribonucleate 3'-nucleotidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of an RNA molecule.
Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of RNA to 5'-phosphomonoester oligonucleotides in both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' directions.
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of an RNA molecule.
Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to 5'-AMP.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.
caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in tRNA molecules.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside diphosphate = ADP + nucleoside triphosphate.
ATP:nucleoside-diphosphate phosphotransferase activity
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate kinase activity
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate phosphotransferase activity
nucleoside diphosphate (UDP) kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a dinucleotide + H2O = 2 mononucleotides.
dinucleotide nucleotidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-octanol + NAD+ = 1-octanal + H+ + NADH.
hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any O-glycosyl bond.
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + H2O = 2 D-glucose.
alpha,alpha-trehalose glucohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides containing three or more alpha-(1->4)-linked D-glucose units.
1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase activity
alpha-amylase activity (releasing maltohexaose)
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactolipids.
alpha-D-galactoside galactohydrolase activity
alpha-galactoside galactohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-(1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose.
alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides.
alpha-D-mannoside mannohydrolase activity
p-nitrophenyl-alpha-mannosidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-L-fucoside + H2O = an alcohol + L-fucose.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminides.
alpha-D-2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucosidase activity
alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide N-acetylglucosaminohydrolase activity
N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides.
beta-acetylaminodeoxyhexosidase activity
beta-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminide N-acetylhexosaminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a fructofuranosylated fructofuranosyl acceptor + H2O = a non fructofuranosylated fructofuranosyl acceptor + a beta-D-fructofuranoside.
beta-D-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides.
beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a beta-D-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.
beta-D-glucuronoside glucuronosohydrolase activity
beta-glucuronide glucuronohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-mannose residues in beta-D-mannosides.
beta-D-mannoside mannohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins.
1,4-beta-poly-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
beta-1,4-poly-N-acetyl glucosamidinase activity
poly[1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide)] glycanohydrolase activity
glycoprotein endo-alpha-1,2-mannosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal alpha-glucosyl-(1,3)-mannosyl unit from Glc-Man(9)-(GlcNAc)(2) oligosaccharide component of the glycoprotein produced in the Golgi membrane.
glycoprotein glucosylmannohydrolase activity
mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->2)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in an oligo-mannose oligosaccharide.
1,2-alpha-mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-D-mannohydrolase activity
mannose-9 processing alpha-mannosidase activity
mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->3)- and (1->6)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Man(5)(GlcNAc)(3).
1,3-(1,6-)mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-D-mannohydrolase activity
GlcNAc transferase I-dependent alpha1,3[alpha1,6]mannosidase activity
mannosyl-oligosaccharide (1->3,6)-alpha-mannosidase activity
mannosyl-oligosaccharide (1->3/6)-alpha-mannosidase activity
mannosyl-oligosaccharide (1->3)-(1->6)-alpha-mannosidase activity
Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide glucosidase activity
Catalysis of the exohydrolysis of the non-reducing terminal glucose residue in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2).
mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucohydrolase activity
mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase (processing A-glucosidase I) activity
mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in some oligosaccharides produced from starch and glycogen by alpha-amylase, and in isomaltose. Releases a free alpha-D-glucose.
dextrin 6alpha-glucanohydrolase activity
oligosaccharide alpha-1,6-glucohydrolase activity
oligosaccharide alpha-1,6-glucosidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + H2O = alpha-D-glucose + beta-D-fructose.
alpha-D-glucopyranosyl beta-D-fructofuranoside hydrolysis
beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside hydrolysis
Catalysis of the transfer of a oligosaccharyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
N-acetylglucosaminyldiphosphodolichol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-diphosphodolichol = UDP + N,N''-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol.
N,N'-diacetylchitobiosylpyrophosphoryldolichol synthase activity
UDP-GlcNAc:dolichyl-pyrophosphoryl-GlcNAc GlcNAc transferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-diphosphodolichol N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-dolichylacetylglucosamine pyrophosphate acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol beta-mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol = GDP + beta-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol.
GDP-mannose:chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol beta-D-mannosyltransferase activity
GDP-mannose-dolichol diphosphochitobiose mannosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphomannose-dolichol diphosphochitobiose mannosyltransferase activity
dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphooligosaccharide + protein L-asparagine = dolichyl diphosphate + a glycoprotein with the oligosaccharide chain attached by glycosylamine linkage to protein L-asparagine.
asparagine N-glycosyltransferase activity
dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide:protein-L-asparagine oligopolysaccharidotransferase activity
dolichyldiphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycosyltransferase activity
dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycosyltransferase activity
dolichyldiphosphooligosaccharide-protein oligosaccharyltransferase activity
dolichyldiphosphoryloligosaccharide-protein oligosaccharyltransferase activity
dolichylpyrophosphodiacetylchitobiose-protein glycosyltransferase activity
dolichyl-phosphate beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + dolichyl phosphate = UDP + dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate.
polyprenyl phosphate:UDP-D-glucose glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:dolichol phosphate glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:dolicholphosphoryl glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:dolichyl monophosphate glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:dolichyl phosphate glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose dolichyl-phosphate glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-dolichol glucosyltransferase activity
dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + dolichyl phosphate = GDP + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate.
dolichol phosphate mannose synthase activity
dolichol-phosphate mannose synthase activity
dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase activity
dolichol-phosphate mannosyltransferase activity
dolichyl mannosyl phosphate synthase activity
dolichyl-phosphate mannose synthase activity
dolichyl phosphate mannosyltransferase activity
dolichyl-phospho-mannose synthase activity
GDPMan:DolP mannosyltransferase activity
GDP-mannose:dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-mannosyltransferase activity
GDPmannose:dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase activity
GDP-mannose-dolichol phosphate mannosyltransferase activity
GDPmannose-dolichylmonophosphate mannosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphomannose-dolichol phosphate mannosyltransferase activity
mannosylphosphodolichol synthase activity
mannosylphosphoryldolichol synthase activity
dolichyl-phosphate-glucose-glycolipid alpha-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from dolichyl-phosphate D-glucose into a membrane lipid-linked oligosaccharide.
obsolete dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-glycolipid alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from dolichyl-phosphate D-mannose into membrane lipid-linked oligosaccharide.
Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + L-ornithine = phosphate + L-citrulline.
carbamoyl-phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity
carbamylphosphate-ornithine transcarbamylase activity
L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity
L-ornithine carbamyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + H+ = CO2 + putrescine.
L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)
ornithine-oxo-acid transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + a 2-oxo acid = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + an L-amino acid.
L-ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase activity
L-ornithine:alpha-ketoglutarate delta-aminotransferase activity
ornithine:alpha-oxoglutarate transaminase activity
ornithine--2-oxoacid aminotransferase activity
ornithine--alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase activity
ornithine ketoacid aminotransferase activity
ornithine--keto acid aminotransferase activity
ornithine--keto acid transaminase activity
ornithine--ketoglutarate aminotransferase activity
ornithine-oxo-acid aminotransferase activity
ornithine--oxo acid aminotransferase activity
ornithine--oxo-acid transaminase activity
orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: orotidine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate = orotate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
orotate phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate transferase activity
orotic acid phosphoribosyltransferase activity
orotidine 5'-monophosphate pyrophosphorylase activity
orotidine-5'-phosphate:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl-transferase activity
orotidine-5'-phosphate diphosphorylase activity
orotidine-5'-phosphate pyrophosphorylase activity
orotidine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase activity
orotidine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
orotidylate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
orotidylic acid pyrophosphorylase activity
dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NADH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + orotate.
(S)-dihydroorotate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + orotidine 5'-phosphate = CO2 + UMP.
orotate monophosphate decarboxylase activity
orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase activity
orotidine-5'-phosphate carboxy-lyase (UMP-forming)
orotidine-5'-phosphate carboxy-lyase activity
orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase activity
orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase activity
orotidine phosphate decarboxylase activity
uridine 5'-monophosphate synthase activity
oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + lipoamide = S-succinyldihydrolipoamide + CO2.
2-oxoglutarate:dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase-lipoyllysine 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, acceptor-succinylating)
2-oxoglutarate:lipoamide 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-succinylating) activity
2-oxoglutarate: lipoate oxidoreductase activity
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity
alpha-ketoglutaric acid dehydrogenase activity
alpha-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase activity
alpha-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity
oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (R)-pantoate + beta-alanine = AMP + diphosphate + (R)-pantothenate.
(R)-pantoate:beta-alanine ligase (AMP-forming)
D-pantoate:beta-alanine ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantothenate + H2O = (R)-pantoate + beta-alanine.
(R)-pantothenate amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pantothenate = ADP + D-4'-phosphopantothenate.
ATP:(R)-pantothenate 4'-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:pantothenate 4'-phosphotransferase activity
pantothenate kinase (phosphorylating) activity
pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pantetheine 4'-phosphate = 3'-dephospho-CoA + diphosphate.
3'-dephospho-CoA pyrophosphorylase activity
ATP:pantetheine-4'-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
ATP:pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
dephospho-CoA pyrophosphorylase activity
dephospho-coenzyme A pyrophosphorylase activity
pantetheine phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase activity
peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-alpha-acetylpeptide. This reaction is the acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid residue of a peptide or protein.
acetyl-CoA:peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:peptide nalpha-acetyltransferase activity
amino-terminal amino acid-acetylating enzyme activity
beta-endorphin acetyltransferase activity
protein N-terminal acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidylamidoglycolate = peptidyl amide + glyoxylate.
alpha-hydroxyglycine amidating dealkylase activity
peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase activity
peptidylamidoglycolate peptidylamide-lyase (glyoxylate-forming)
peptidylamidoglycolate peptidylamide-lyase activity
OBSOLETE. A protein to which cyclosporin A (an immunosuppressant) binds. Possesses peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity.
Catalysis of the reaction: a donor + a peroxide = an oxidized donor + 2 H2O.
donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized glutathione + 2 H2O.
glutathione:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
non-selenium glutathione peroxidase activity
selenium-glutathione peroxidase activity
phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phenylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylphenylethanolamine.
noradrenaline N-methyltransferase activity
noradrenalin N-methyltransferase activity
norepinephrine methyltransferase activity
norepinephrine N-methyltransferase activity
phenethanolamine methyltransferase activity
phenethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity
phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin; 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate is also known as PAPS.
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate reductase activity
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate,sulfite:oxidized-thioredoxin oxidoreductase (3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming)
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate,sulfite:thioredoxin-disulfide oxidoreductase (3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming)
PAPS reductase, thioredoxin-dependent activity
phosphoadenosine-phosphosulfate reductase activity
phosphoadenylyl-sulphate reductase (thioredoxin) activity
thioredoxin:3'-phospho-adenylylsulfate reductase activity
thioredoxin:adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate reductase activity
phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + phosphatidate = diphosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol.
CDP-diglyceride diphosphorylase activity
CDP diglyceride pyrophosphorylase activity
CDP-diglyceride pyrophosphorylase activity
CTP:1,2-diacylglycerophosphate-cytidyl transferase activity
CTP:phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase activity
cytidine diphosphoglyceride pyrophosphorylase activity
phosphatidate cytidyltransferase activity
phosphatidic acid cytidylyltransferase activity
phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + a sterol = a sterol ester + 1-acylglycerophosphocholine.
LCAT (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase)
lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity
lecithin--cholesterol acyltransferase activity
phosphatidylcholine:sterol O-acyltransferase activity
phospholipid--cholesterol acyltransferase activity
phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine.
phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase activity
phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methylase activity
phosphatidylethanolamine-S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity
phosphatidylserine decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + phosphatidyl-L-serine = CO2 + phosphatidylethanolamine.
phosphatidyl-L-serine carboxy-lyase (phosphatidylethanolamine-forming)
phosphatidyl-L-serine carboxy-lyase activity
phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.
acetylaminodeoxyglucose phosphomutase activity
acetylglucosamine phosphomutase activity
N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1,6-phosphomutase activity
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 1,6-phosphomutase activity
N-acetylglucosamine-phosphate mutase activity
phospho-N-acetylglucosamine mutase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: source of phosphate + oxaloacetate = phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2 + other reaction products.
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + oxaloacetate = ADP + CO2 + H+ + phosphoenolpyruvate.
ATP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating; phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)
ATP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating)
phosphopyruvate carboxykinase (adenosine triphosphate)
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + oxaloacetate = GDP + phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2.
GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP; phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)
GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating)
phosphopyruvate (guanosine triphosphate) carboxykinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate.
alpha-D-glucose 1,6-phosphomutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate = D-mannose 6-phosphate.
alpha-D-mannose 1,6-phosphomutase activity
phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP+ = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + CO2 + NADPH + H+.
6-phospho-D-gluconate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
6-phospho-D-gluconate dehydrogenase activity
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase activity
phosphogluconic acid dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphoglycerate + NAD+ = 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+.
3-phospho-D-glycerate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
3-phosphoglycerate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activity
3-phosphoglyceric acid dehydrogenase activity
alpha-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activity
D-3-phosphoglycerate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activity
glycerate-1,3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
glycerate 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
phosphoglycerate oxidoreductase activity
phosphoglyceric acid dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + ADP + H+.
3-phosphoglycerate phosphokinase activity
3-phosphoglyceric acid phosphokinase activity
ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:D-3-phosphoglycerate 1-phosphotransferase activity
ATP-3-phospho-D-glycerate-1-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phosphoglycerate = 3-phosphoglycerate.
D-phosphoglycerate 2,3-phosphomutase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.
glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein phosphatidylinositol + H2O = phosphatidate + glycoprotein inositol.
glycoprotein-phosphatidylinositol phosphatidohydrolase activity
phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D activity
phosphatidylinositol phospholipase D activity
phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O = glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.
2-lysophosphatidylcholine acylhydrolase activity
lysophosphatidylcholine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + H2O = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + a fatty acid. This reaction removes the fatty acid attached to the sn2-position. Substrates include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, choline plasmalogen and phosphatides.
phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase activity
phospholipase A2 activity (consuming 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine)
phospholipase A2 activity consuming 1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine)
obsolete secreted phospholipase A2 activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a fatty acid anion.
obsolete calcium-dependent secreted phospholipase A2 activity
obsolete cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity
obsolete calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity
obsolete calcium-independent cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a phospholipid + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + a phosphatidate.
Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate.
phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-5-phosphomevalonate + ATP = (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate + ADP + H+.
ATP:(R)-5-phosphomevalonate phosphotransferase activity
ATP:5-phosphomevalonate phosphotransferase activity
mevalonic acid phosphate kinase activity
phosphopantothenate--cysteine ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate + L-cysteine = CMP + diphosphate + (R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine. Cysteine can be replaced by some of its derivatives.
(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase activity
phosphopantothenate-cysteine ligase activity
phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase activity
phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(R)-4-phosphonatopantothenoyl]-L-cysteinate + H+ = CO2 + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.
4-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine decarboxylase activity
4-phosphopantotheoylcysteine decarboxylase activity
N-((R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl)-L-cysteine carboxy-lyase activity
N-[(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine carboxy-lyase (pantotheine-4'-phosphate-forming)
N-[(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine carboxy-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O.
2-phospho-D-glycerate-hydrolase activity
2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)
2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase activity
phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphonatoribosyl)-5'-AMP + H2O = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide.
1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-AMP 1,6-hydrolase activity
phosphoribosyladenosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase activity
phosphoribosyl-ATP diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP + H2O = 1-(5-phosphonatoribosyl)-5'-AMP + diphosphate + H+.
1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-ATP diphosphohydrolase activity
phosphoribosyladenosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity
phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphatase activity
phosphoribosylamine-glycine ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-D-ribosylamine + ATP + glycine = N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
2-amino-N-ribosylacetamide 5'-phosphate kinosynthase activity
5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase activity
5-phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase activity
glycineamide ribonucleotide synthetase activity
phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase activity
phosphoribosylglycineamide synthetase activity
phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate + 2 H+ = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + CO2.
1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxylate carboxy-lyase activity
5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate carboxy-lyase [5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-forming]
5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate carboxy-lyase activity
5-amino-1-ribosylimidazole 5-phosphate carboxylase activity
5-phosphoribosyl-5-aminoimidazole carboxylase activity
phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate + L-aspartate + ATP = (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
4-((N-succinylamino)carbonyl)-5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase activity
4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole synthetase activity
4-[(N-succinylamino)carbonyl]-5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase activity
5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)
5-aminoimidazole-4-N-succinocarboxamide ribonucleotide synthetase activity
phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase activity
phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthetase activity
phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthetase activity
phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate = 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate.
IGPS:PRAI (indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthetase/N-5'-phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase complex)
N-(5'-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate isomerase activity
N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate ketol-isomerase activity
phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + ATP = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
2-(formamido)-1-N-(5-phosphoribosyl)acetamidine cyclo-ligase (ADP-forming)
2-(formamido)-N1-(5-phosphoribosyl)acetamidine cyclo-ligase (ADP-forming)
5'-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase activity
phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase activity
phosphoribosyl-aminoimidazole synthetase activity
phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
2-N-formyl-1-N-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)
5'-phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)
formylglycinamide ribonucloetide amidotransferase activity
formylglycinamide ribotide amidotransferase activity
N2-formyl-N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)
phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthetase activity
phosphoribosylformylglycineamidine synthetase activity
phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide = tetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-formamido-4-imidazolecarboxamide.
10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase activity
10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazole-carboxamide N-formyltransferase activity
5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase activity
5-amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazolecarboxamide 5'-phosphate transformylase activity
5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase activity
5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribotide transformylase activity
aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase activity
phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide = tetrahydrofolate + N2-formyl-N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide.
10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide N-formyltransferase activity
2-amino-N-ribosylacetamide 5'-phosphate transformylase activity
5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate:2-amino-N-ribosylacetamide ribonucleotide transformylase activity
5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide transformylase activity
glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase activity
1,4-alpha-oligoglucan phosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) + phosphate = 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate. The name should be qualified in each instance by adding the name of the natural substrate, e.g. maltodextrin phosphorylase, starch phosphorylase, glycogen phosphorylase.
1,4-alpha-D-glucan:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
O-phospho-L-serine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-phosphonooxypyruvate + L-glutamate.
3-O-phospho-L-serine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
3-phosphoserine aminotransferase activity
hydroxypyruvic phosphate--glutamic transaminase activity
L-phosphoserine aminotransferase activity
phosphohydroxypyruvate transaminase activity
phosphohydroxypyruvic--glutamic transaminase activity
poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) at glycosidic (1''-2') linkage of ribose-ribose bond to produce free ADP-ribose.
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-galactosiduronic linkages in pectate and other galacturonans.
poly(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide) glycanohydrolase activity
poly-alpha-1,4-galacturonide glycanohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-phosphopolynucleotide + H2O = polynucleotide + phosphate.
polynucleotide 5'-phosphohydrolase activity
polynucleotide 5'-triphosphatase activity
obsolete polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the template-independent extension of the 3'- end of an RNA or DNA strand by addition of one adenosine molecule at a time. Cannot initiate a chain 'de novo'. The primer, depending on the source of the enzyme, may be an RNA or DNA fragment, or oligo(A) bearing a 3'-OH terminal group.
polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + polypeptide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-polypeptide. This reaction is the modification of serine or threonine residues in polypeptide chains by the transfer of a N-acetylgalactose from UDP-N-acetylgalactose to the hydroxyl group of the amino acid; it is the first step in O-glycan biosynthesis.
glycoprotein acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
polypeptide-N-acetylgalactosamine transferase activity
protein-UDP acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-acetylgalactosamine:peptide-N-galactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-acetylgalactosamine-glycoprotein acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase activity
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:kappa-casein polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:protein N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase activity
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-glycoprotein N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-protein N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-glycoprotein acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA(n+1) + phosphate <=> RNA(n) + a nucleoside diphosphate.
nucleoside diphosphate:polynucleotidyl transferase activity
polyribonucleotide:phosphate nucleotidyltransferase activity
polyribonucleotide phosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 5-aminolevulinate = 2 H2O + H+ + porphobilinogen.
5-aminolevulinate hydro-lyase (adding 5-aminolevulinate and cyclizing; porphobilinogen-forming)
5-aminolevulinate hydro-lyase (adding 5-aminolevulinate and cyclizing)
delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity
delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase activity
delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity
delta-aminolevulinic dehydratase activity
procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.
procollagen-L-proline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating) activity
procollagen-proline,2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase activity
proline,2-oxoglutarate 4-dioxygenase activity
proline, 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase activity
proline protocollagen hydroxylase activity
prolyl-glycyl-peptide, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, 4-hydroxylating activity
prolylprotocollagen dioxygenase activity
prolylprotocollagen hydroxylase activity
protocollagen proline 4-hydroxylase activity
protocollagen proline dioxygenase activity
protocollagen proline hydroxylase activity
protocollagen prolyl hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + acceptor = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + reduced acceptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + propanoyl-CoA + HCO3- = ADP + phosphate + (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA.
propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a prenyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Catalysis of the reaction: farnesyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-farnesyl protein + diphosphate.
farnesyl-diphosphate:protein-cysteine farnesyltransferase activity
protein-cysteine farnesyltransferase activity
protein geranylgeranyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the covalent addition of a geranylgeranyl (20-carbon isoprenoid) group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue at or near the C terminus of a protein.
protein-cysteine geranylgeranyltransferase activity
CAAX-protein geranylgeranyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-geranylgeranyl-protein + diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of a thioether linkage between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl group and a cysteine residue fourth from the C-terminus of the protein. The protein substrates have the C-terminal sequence CA1A2X, where the terminal residue, X, is preferably leucine and A2 should not be aromatic. Known substrates include most g-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins and Ras-related GTPases such as members of the Ras and Rac/Rho families.
geranylgeranyl-diphosphate:protein-cysteine geranyltransferase activity
geranylgeranyltransferase type I activity
protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I
type I protein geranyl-geranyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = 2 S-geranylgeranyl-protein + 2 diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of two thioether linkages between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl groups and two cysteine residues within the terminal sequence motifs XXCC, XCXC or CCXX. Known substrates include Ras-related GTPases of a single family and the Rab family.
geranylgeranyl-diphosphate,geranylgeranyl-diphosphate:protein-cysteine geranyltransferase activity
protein geranylgeranyltransferase type II activity
Rab-protein geranylgeranyltransferase activity
type II protein geranyl-geranyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: prephenate = phenylpyruvate + H2O + CO2.
prephenate hydro-lyase (decarboxylating; phenylpyruvate-forming)
prephenate hydro-lyase (decarboxylating)
prephenate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + prephenate = (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH.
prephenate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
prephenate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase activity
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoate,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = prostaglandin D(2).
(5,13)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate D-isomerase activity
prostaglandin-R-prostaglandin D isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-arginyl-[protein] = L-citrullyl-[protein] + NH4+, resulting in citrullination of the target protein. This reaction is calcium-dependent.
protein-L-arginine iminohydrolase activity
protein C-terminal S-isoprenylcysteine carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester.
farnesylated protein C-terminal O-methyltransferase activity
farnesyl cysteine C-terminal methyltransferase activity
farnesyl-protein carboxymethyltransferase activity
isoprenylated protein methyltransferase activity
isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase activity
prenylated protein carboxyl methyltransferase activity
prenylated protein methyltransferase activity
prenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase activity
prenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase activity
prenylcysteine carboxymethyltransferase activity
prenylcysteine methyltransferase activity
protein C-terminal farnesylcysteine O-methyltransferase activity
protein S-farnesylcysteine C-terminal methyltransferase activity
protein-S-isoprenylcysteine O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protein-C-terminal-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine O-methyltransferase activity
S-farnesylcysteine methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein phospho-L-histidine.
ATP:protein-L-histidine N-phosphotransferase activity
protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
protein kinase (phosphorylating) activity
protein serine-threonine kinase activity
serine/threonine protein kinase activity
serine(threonine) protein kinase activity
threonine-specific protein kinase activity
transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity
receptor serine/threonine protein kinase activity
3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity
Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate protein kinase activity
DNA dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of AMP.
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase activity
SNF1A/AMP-activated protein kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: casein + ATP = phosphocasein + ADP.
calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity
Calmodulin-dependent catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; and ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
ATP:caldesmon O-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent) activity
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase activity
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1 activity
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV activity
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase activity
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta activity
calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity
calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II activity
calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity
caldesmon kinase (phosphorylating) activity
calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I activity
calmodulin regulated protein kinase activity
CaM-regulated serine/threonine kinase activity
microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase activity
multifunctional calcium/calmodulin regulated protein kinase activity
multifunctional calcium- and calmodulin-regulated protein kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [elongation factor 2] = ADP + [elongation factor 2] phosphate.
ATP:elongation factor 2 phosphotransferase activity
calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III activity
eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myosin-light-chain = ADP + myosin-light-chain phosphate.
ATP:myosin-light-chain O-phosphotransferase
ATP:myosin-light-chain O-phosphotransferase activity
calcium/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase activity
myosin light-chain kinase (phosphorylating)
myosin light-chain kinase (phosphorylating) activity
myosin light chain protein kinase activity
smooth-muscle-myosin-light-chain kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4 ATP + 2 phosphorylase b = 4 ADP + phosphorylase a.
ATP:phosphorylase-b phosphotransferase activity
phosphorylase kinase, intrinsic catalyst activity
phosphorylase kinase (phosphorylating) activity
cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity
cNMP-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.
cAMP-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.
3',5' cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity
3',5'-cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity
adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate-dependent protein kinase activity
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (cAMP-dependent) activity
cAMP-dependent protein kinase, intrinsic catalyst activity
cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity
cGMP dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.
3':5'-cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase activity
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (cGMP-dependent) activity
cGMP-dependent protein kinase ibeta activity
guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase activity
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Cyclin-dependent catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
cyclin-dependent protein kinase, intrinsic catalyst activity
cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] = ADP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol.
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (diacylglycerol-dependent) activity
diacylglycerol-activated phospholipid-dependent PKC activity
diacylglycerol-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C activity
calcium-dependent protein kinase C activity
Calcium-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.
calcium-independent protein kinase C activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol but not calcium.
obsolete signal transducer, downstream of receptor, with serine/threonine kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + G protein-coupled receptor = ADP + G protein-coupled receptor phosphate.
ATP:G-protein-coupled receptor phosphotransferase activity
GPCR phosphorylating protein kinase activity
G-protein coupled receptor kinase activity
G protein coupled receptor phosphorylating protein kinase activity
G-protein-coupled receptor phosphorylating protein kinase activity
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of the alpha or beta subunit of the inhibitor of kappaB kinase complex (IKK).
Catalysis of the reaction: JUN + ATP = JUN phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation and activation of members of the JUN family, a gene family that encodes nuclear transcription factors.
Catalysis of the reaction: JNKK + ATP = JNKK phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation and activation of JUN kinase kinases (JNKKs).
Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation of proteins. Mitogen-activated protein kinase; a family of protein kinases that perform a crucial step in relaying signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. They are activated by a wide range of proliferation- or differentiation-inducing signals; activation is strong with agonists such as polypeptide growth factors and tumor-promoting phorbol esters, but weak (in most cell backgrounds) by stress stimuli.
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKK-activated) activity
extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity
mitogen-activated protein kinase activity
stress-activated protein kinase activity
Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate.
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKKK-activated) activity
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase activity
Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase; each MAP kinase kinase can be phosphorylated by any of several MAP kinase kinase kinases.
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKKKK-activated) activity
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase activity
MLK-like mitogen-activated protein triple kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ribosomal protein S6 + ATP = ribosomal protein S6 phosphate + ATP.
protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate; and ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.
protein threonine/tyrosine kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.
receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity
receptor protein-tyrosine kinase activity
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-tyrosine = ADP + protein L-tyrosine phosphate by a non-membrane spanning protein.
ATP:protein-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific) activity
ATP:protein-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase activity
cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase activity
non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase activity
p60c-src protein tyrosine kinase activity
obsolete signal transducer, downstream of receptor, with protein tyrosine kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.
protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-beta-aspartate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-beta-aspartate methyl ester.
D-aspartyl/L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase activity
L-aspartyl/L-isoaspartyl protein methyltransferase activity
L-isoaspartyl/D-aspartyl protein carboxyl methyltransferase activity
L-isoaspartyl protein carboxyl methyltransferase activity
protein (D-aspartate) methyltransferase activity
protein beta-aspartate O-methyltransferase activity
protein-beta-aspartate O-methyltransferase activity
protein D-aspartate methyltransferase activity
protein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase activity
protein L-isoaspartate methyltransferase activity
protein-L-isoaspartate O-methyltransferase activity
protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase activity
protein O-methyltransferase (L-isoaspartate)
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protein-L-isoaspartate O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-L-lysyl-peptide + H2O + O2 = peptidyl-allysyl-peptide + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
protein-L-lysine:oxygen 6-oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphoprotein + H2O = a protein + phosphate. Together with protein kinases, these enzymes control the state of phosphorylation of cellular proteins and thereby provide an important mechanism for regulating cellular activity.
phosphoprotein phosphohydrolase activity
protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate, and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate.
magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase activity
calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate. These reactions require the presence of calcium ions.
calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase, intrinsic catalyst activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
[phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase activity
phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) activity
phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase activity
phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase activity
phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase activity
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine + phosphate.
prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: prenylated-protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = prenylated-protein tyrosine + phosphate.
obsolete signal transducer, downstream of receptor, with protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
OBSOLETE. Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
oxygen-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3 O2 + protoporphyrinogen IX = 3 H2O2 + protoporphyrin IX.
protoporphyrinogen-IX:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + uracil = H2O + pseudouridine 5'-phosphate.
5-ribosyluracil 5-phosphate synthetase activity
pseudouridine-5'-phosphate glycosidase activity
pseudouridine monophosphate synthase activity
pseudouridine monophosphate synthetase activity
uracil hydro-lyase (adding D-ribose 5-phosphate; pseudouridine-5'-phosphate-forming)
uracil hydro-lyase (adding D-ribose 5-phosphate)
purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: purine nucleoside + phosphate = purine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
inosine-guanosine phosphorylase activity
purine deoxynucleoside phosphorylase activity
purine deoxyribonucleoside phosphorylase activity
purine-nucleoside:phosphate ribosyltransferase activity
purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity
purine ribonucleoside phosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxal + H2O + O2 = 4-pyridoxate + hydrogen peroxide.
pyridoxal:oxygen 4-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + H2O + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase activity
pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase activity
pyridoxaminephosphate oxidase deaminating
pyridoxine (pyridoxamine) 5'-phosphate oxidase activity
pyridoxine (pyridoxamine)phosphate oxidase activity
pyridoxol-5'-phosphate:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: a pyrimidodiazepine + oxidized glutathione = 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin + 2 glutathione.
pyrimidodiazepine:glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase (ring-opening, cyclizing)
pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + NADP+ = 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NADPH + H+.
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity
L-proline:NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
L-proline-NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
NADPH-L-delta1-pyrroline carboxylic acid reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + pyruvate = ADP + 2 H+ + oxaloacetate + phosphate.
pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxo acid = an aldehyde + CO2.
2-oxo-acid carboxy-lyase (aldehyde-forming)
Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate.
pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + lipoamide = S-acetyldihydrolipoamide + CO2.
MtPDC (mitochondrial pyruvate dehydogenase complex) activity
pyruvate:dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase-lipoyllysine 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, acceptor-acetylating)
pyruvate:lipoamide 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-acetylating) activity
pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) activity
pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) = ADP + pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) phosphate.
pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (phosphorylating) activity
[pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphate + H2O = [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] + phosphate.
[pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase, intrinsic catalyst activity
phosphopyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase activity
pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase activity
pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)-phosphatase activity
pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase activity
dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-N6-dihydrolipoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + acetyl-CoA = (R)-N6-(S8-acetyldihydrolipoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA: enzyme-6-N-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine S-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA: enzyme-N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine S-acetyltransferase activity
dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase activity
dihydrolipoamide S-acyltransferase activity
dihydrolipoate acetyltransferase activity
dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase activity
enzyme-dihydrolipoyllysine:acetyl-CoA S-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: = ADP + H+ + phosphoenolpyruvate => ATP + pyruvate.
ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinal = 11-cis-retinal.
Catalysis of the reaction: retinol + NAD+ = retinal + NADH + H+.
all-trans retinol dehydrogenase activity
retinol (vitamin A1) dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine + H+ = 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + riboflavin.
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine:6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine 2,3-butanediyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-ribose = ADP + D-ribose 5-phosphate.
ATP:D-ribose 5-phosphotransferase activity
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, thioredoxin disulfide as acceptor
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.
2'-deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase activity
2'-deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate:thioredoxin-disulfide 2'-oxidoreductase activity
ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + AMP + 2 H+.
5-phosphoribose pyrophosphorylase activity
5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate synthetase activity
5-phosphoribosyl-alpha-1-pyrophosphate synthetase activity
ATP:D-ribose-5-phosphate diphosphotransferase activity
phosphoribosyl diphosphate synthetase activity
phosphoribosyl-diphosphate synthetase activity
phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthase activity
phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase activity
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity
pyrophosphoribosylphosphate synthetase activity
ribophosphate pyrophosphokinase activity
ribose-5-phosphate pyrophosphokinase activity
ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase activity
ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase activity
D-ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate = D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
D-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase activity
D-ribulose 5-phosphate epimerase activity
D-ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase activity
D-ribulose phosphate-3-epimerase activity
D-xylulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase activity
erythrose-4-phosphate epimerase activity
erythrose-4-phosphate isomerase activity
pentose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase activity
ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate.
D-ribose-5-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
D-ribose-5-phosphate ketol-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the cleavage of N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine to release an amino acid (lysine or glutamate), with the concomitant reduction of an electron acceptor.
lysine-2-oxoglutarate reductase activity
saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-lysine-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine + H+ + NADH.
6-N-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)
dehydrogenase, saccharopine (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, lysine forming)
epsilon-N-(L-glutaryl-2)-L-lysine:NAD oxidoreductase (L-lysine forming)
N6-(glutar-2-yl)-L-lysine:NAD oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)
N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)
saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-glutamate-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NADP+ = L-allysine + L-glutamate + H+ + NADPH.
6-N-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-glutamate-forming)
aminoadipate semialdehyde-glutamate reductase activity
aminoadipic semialdehyde-glutamate reductase activity
aminoadipic semialdehyde-glutamic reductase activity
epsilon-N-(L-glutaryl-2)-L-lysine:NAD+(P) oxidoreductase (L-2-aminoadipate-semialdehyde forming)
N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-glutamate-forming)
saccharopine (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, glutamate-forming) dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + hydrogen selenide = AMP + 3 H+ + phosphate + selenophosphorate.
ATP:selenide, water phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADP+ = sepiapterin + NADPH + H+.
7,8-dihydrobiopterin:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + H+ + palmitoyl-CoA = 3-dehydrosphinganine + CO2 + CoA.
acyl-CoA:serine C-2 acyltransferase decarboxylating
palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine.
hydroxypyruvate:L-alanine transaminase activity
L-serine:pyruvate aminotransferase activity
serine-pyruvate aminotransferase, type 1
serine-pyruvate aminotransferase, type 2A
serine-pyruvate aminotransferase, type 2B
serine-pyruvate aminotransferase activity
serine--pyruvate aminotransferase activity
shikimate 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + NADP+ = 3-dehydroshikimate + NADPH + H+.
shikimate:NADP(+) 5-oxidoreductase activity
shikimate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + shikimate = 3-phosphoshikimate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:shikimate 3-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + putrescine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + spermidine.
putrescine aminopropyltransferase activity
S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase activity
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H+.
sphingomyelin cholinephosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 + octadecanoyl-CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-delta(5)-steroid = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid.
3-oxosteroid delta5-delta4-isomerase activity
delta(5)-3-ketosteroid isomerase activity
delta(5)-3-keto steroid isomerase activity
delta(5)-3-oxosteroid isomerase activity
delta5(or delta4)-3-keto steroid isomerase activity
delta5-3-keto steroid isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a steryl ester + H2O = a sterol + a fatty acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + a sterol = CoA + a sterol ester.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate + H2O = 3-beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate.
3-beta-hydroxysteroid sulfate sulfatase activity
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfatase activity
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sulfatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + CoA + nucleotide triphosphate = nucleotide diphosphate + phosphate + succinyl-CoA.
succinate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + succinyl-CoA + phosphate.
succinyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) activity
succinyl coenzyme A synthetase (adenosine diphosphate-forming) activity
succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + succinate + CoA = GDP + succinyl-CoA + phosphate.
succinate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming) activity
succinyl-CoA synthetase (GDP-forming) activity
succinyl coenzyme A synthetase (GDP-forming) activity
succinyl coenzyme A synthetase (guanosine diphosphate-forming) activity
succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NAD+ + H2O = succinate + NADH + H+.
succinate semialdehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
succinate-semialdehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
succinyl semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + succinyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + succinate.
Catalysis of the transfer of an adenylyl group from an adenosine nucleotide (ATP or ADP) to sulfate, forming adenylylsulfate.
sulfate adenylyltransferase (ADP) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H+ + sulfate = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + phosphate.
adenosine diphosphate sulfurylase activity
ADP:sulfate adenylyltransferase activity
sulfate (adenosine diphosphate) adenylyltransferase activity
sulphate adenylyltransferase (ADP) activity
sulfate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + sulfate = diphosphate + adenylylsulfate.
adenosine-5'-triphosphate sulfurylase activity
adenosinetriphosphate sulfurylase activity
adenylylsulfate pyrophosphorylase activity
ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase activity
sulphate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfino-L-alanine = hypotaurine + CO2.
3-sulfino-L-alanine carboxy-lyase (hypotaurine-forming)
3-sulfino-L-alanine carboxy-lyase activity
cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity
cysteine-sulfinate decarboxylase activity
cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase activity
L-cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O = sulfite + 3 NADPH + 3 H+.
hydrogen-sulfide:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
NADPH-dependent sulfite reductase activity
sulfite (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 superoxide + 2 H+ = O2 + hydrogen peroxide.
copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activity
superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase activity
thiamine diphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine diphosphate + H2O = thiamine monophosphate + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine = AMP + thiamine diphosphate.
ATP:thiamine diphosphotransferase activity
ATP:thiamin pyrophosphotransferase activity
thiamin:ATP pyrophosphotransferase activity
thiamine-phosphate diphosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine + 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + H+ = diphosphate + thiamine phosphate.
2-methyl-4-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine-diphosphate:4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)thiazole 2-methyl-4-aminopyrimidine-5-methenyltransferase activity
thiamine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase activity
thiamine phosphate pyrophosphorylase activity
thiamine-phosphate pyrophosphorylase activity
thiamin-phosphate diphosphorylase activity
thiamin-phosphate pyrophosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + dimethyl sulfide = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trimethylsulfonium.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:dimethyl-sulfide S-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:thioether S-methyltransferase activity
thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + thioredoxin = H+ + NADPH + thioredoxin disulfide.
NADPH:oxidized thioredoxin oxidoreductase activity
NADPH2:oxidized thioredoxin oxidoreductase activity
thioredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
thioredoxin disulfide reductase activity
thioredoxin-disulphide reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen cyanide + thiosulfate = H+ + sulfite + thiocyanate.
thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase activity
thiosulfate cyanide transsulfurase activity
thiosulphate sulphurtransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.
L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH3.
L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)
L-threonine hydro-lyase (deaminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-homoserine + H2O = L-threonine + phosphate.
O-phospho-L-homoserine phospho-lyase (adding water; L-threonine-forming)
O-phospho-L-homoserine phospho-lyase (adding water)
Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = thromboxane A(2).
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate isomerase activity
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate thromboxane-A2-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thymidine = ADP + thymidine 5'-phosphate.
ATP:thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thymidine 5'-phosphate = ADP + thymidine 5'-diphosphate.
deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate kinase activity
thymidine 5'-monophosphate kinase activity
thymidylate monophosphate kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP = 7,8-dihydrofolate + thymidylate.
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase activity
methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5,3'-L-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + acceptor + H+ = L-thyroxine + donor-H2.
acceptor:3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine oxidoreductase (iodinating)
iodothyronine outer ring monodeiodinase activity
L-thyroxine iodohydrolase (reducing) activity
type II iodothyronine deiodinase activity
type I iodothyronine deiodinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = D-erythrose 4-phosphate + D-fructose 6-phosphate.
sedoheptulose-7-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glyceronetransferase activity
Catalysis of the reversible transfer of a 2-carbon ketol group (CH2OH-CO-) from a ketose phosphate donor to an aldose phosphate acceptor.
fructose 6-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glycolaldehydetransferase activity
sedoheptulose-7-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glycolaldehydetransferase activity
Catalysis of the transposition of transposable elements or transposons. Transposases are involved in recombination required for transposition and are site-specific for the transposon/transposable element.
Catalysis of the reaction: trehalose 6-phosphate + H2O = trehalose + phosphate.
trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase activity
trehalose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate.
hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase
post-heparin plasma protamine-resistant lipase
triacylglycerol ester hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = glycerone phosphate.
D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ketol-isomerase activity
tRNA (5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing 5-aminomethyl-2-thiouridine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (5-methylaminomethyl-2-thio-uridylate)-methyltransferase activity
transfer ribonucleate 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate 5-methyltransferase activity
tRNA 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate 5'-methyltransferase activity
tRNA (guanine-N2-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing guanine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N2-methylguanine.
N(2),N(2)-dimethylguanine tRNA methyltransferase activity
N2,N2-dimethylguanine tRNA methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (guanine-2-N-)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (guanine-N2-)-methyltransferase activity
transfer ribonucleate guanine 2-methyltransferase activity
transfer ribonucleate guanine N2-methyltransferase activity
transfer RNA guanine 2-methyltransferase activity
tRNA(guanine-26,N(2)-N(2)) methyltransferase activity
tRNA(guanine-26,N2-N2) methyltransferase activity
tRNA(m(2,2)G26)dimethyltransferase activity
tRNA 2,2-dimethylguanosine-26 methyltransferase activity
CCA tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA precursor + ATP + 2 CTP = a tRNA with a 3' CCA end + 3 diphosphate.
ATP(CTP):tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity
ribonucleic cytidylic cytidylic adenylic pyrophosphorylase
transfer ribonucleate adenyltransferase activity
transfer ribonucleate adenylyltransferase
transfer ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase
transfer ribonucleic acid nucleotidyl transferase
transfer ribonucleic adenylyl (cytidylyl) transferase
transfer ribonucleic-terminal trinucleotide nucleotidyltransferase
Catalysis of the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA from ATP, amino acid, and tRNA with the release of diphosphate and AMP.
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase auxiliary protein activity
ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-alanine + tRNA(Ala) = AMP + diphosphate + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala).
alanine transfer RNA synthetase activity
alanyl-transfer ribonucleate synthase activity
alanyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
alanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-arginine + tRNA(Arg) = AMP + diphosphate + L-arginyl-tRNA(Arg).
arginyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
arginyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
arginyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + tRNA(Asp) = AMP + diphosphate + L-aspartyl-tRNA(Asp).
aspartyl ribonucleate synthetase activity
aspartyl ribonucleic synthetase activity
aspartyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
aspartyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
L-aspartate:tRNAAsp ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine + ATP + tRNA(Asn) = AMP + Asn-tRNA(Asn) + diphosphate + 2 H+.
asparaginyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
asparaginyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
asparaginyl transfer RNA synthetase activity
asparagyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
L-asparagine:tRNAAsn ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-cysteine + tRNA(Cys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys).
cysteinyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
cysteinyl-transferRNA synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + tRNA(Glu) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).
glutamyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
glutamyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
glutamyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
L-glutamate:tRNAGlu ligase (AMP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamine + tRNA(Gln) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln).
glutaminyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
glutaminyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
L-glutamine:tRNAGln ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycine + tRNA(Gly) = AMP + diphosphate + glycyl-tRNA(Gly).
glycine:tRNAGly ligase (AMP-forming) activity
glycyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
glycyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-histidine + tRNA(His) = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His).
histidyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
L-histidine:tRNAHis ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-isoleucine + ATP + tRNA(Ile) = L-isoleucyl-tRNA(Ile) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.
isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
isoleucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
L-isoleucine:tRNAIle ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + ATP + tRNA(Leu) = AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+ + Leu-tRNA(Leu).
leucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-lysine + tRNA(Lys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-lysyl-tRNA(Lys).
lysyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + tRNA(Met) = AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNA(Met).
L-methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
methionyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
methionyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
methionyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-phenylalanine + tRNA(Phe) = AMP + diphosphate + L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe).
L-phenylalanine:tRNAPhe ligase (AMP-forming) activity
phenylalanyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
phenylalanyl-transfer RNA ligase activity
phenylalanyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-proline + tRNA(Pro) = AMP + diphosphate + L-prolyl-tRNA(Pro).
prolyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
prolyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-serine + tRNA(Ser) = AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNA(Ser).
seryl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-threonine + tRNA(Thr) = AMP + diphosphate + L-threonyl-tRNA(Thr).
L-threonine:tRNAThr ligase (AMP-forming)
threonine-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
threonyl ribonucleic synthetase activity
threonyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-tryptophan + tRNA(Trp) = AMP + diphosphate + L-tryptophanyl-tRNA(Trp).
L-tryptophan:tRNATrp ligase (AMP-forming)
L-tryptophan-tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming) activity
L-tryptophan-tRNATrp ligase (AMP-forming)
tryptophanyl ribonucleic synthetase activity
tryptophanyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
tryptophanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
tryptophanyl-transfer ribonucleic synthetase activity
tryptophanyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + ATP + tRNA(Tyr) = L-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.
L-tyrosine-tRNA(Tyr) ligase (AMP-forming) activity
tyrosine-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
tyrosyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
tyrosyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
tyrosyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + ATP + tRNA(Val) = L-valyl-tRNA(Val) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.
valine transfer ribonucleate ligase activity
valyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
valyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine.
indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase activity
L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = L-tryptophan + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O.
indoleglycerol phosphate aldolase activity
L-serine hydro-lyase (adding indoleglycerol-phosphate)
L-serine hydro-lyase [adding 1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate; L-tryptophan and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-forming]
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + detyrosinated alpha-tubulin + L-tyrosine = alpha-tubulin + ADP + phosphate.
alpha-tubulin:L-tyrosine ligase (ADP-forming)
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of tyramine to form octopamine.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = tyramine + CO2.
L-(-)-tyrosine apodecarboxylase activity
L-tyrosine carboxy-lyase (tyramine-forming)
L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.
glutamic-hydroxyphenylpyruvic transaminase activity
glutamic phenylpyruvic aminotransferase activity
L-phenylalanine 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
phenylalanine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity
phenylpyruvic acid transaminase activity
tyrosine-2-ketoglutarate aminotransferase activity
tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase activity
tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: E1 + ubiquitin + ATP--> E1-ubiquitin + AMP + PPi, where the E1-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond between the C-terminal glycine of Ub and a sulfhydryl side group of an E1 cysteine residue. This is the first step in a cascade of reactions in which ubiquitin is ultimately added to a protein substrate.
Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to another via the reaction X-Ub + Y --> Y-Ub + X, where both X-Ub and Y-Ub are covalent linkages.
An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin from a target protein to which it is conjugated.
thiol-dependent ubiquitin-specific protease activity
thiol-dependent ubiquitinyl hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar, releasing a free base and leaving an apyrimidinic (AP) site. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove uracil bases in DNA that result from the deamination of cytosine or the misincorporation of dUTP opposite an adenine.
uracil phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + UMP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + uracil.
UMP:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase activity
UMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
uridine 5'-phosphate pyrophosphorylase activity
uridine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: urate + O2 + H2O = 5-hydroxyisourate + hydrogen peroxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + urea = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + urea-1-carboxylate.
urea:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-ureidoglycolate + H2O + 2 H+ = CO2 + glyoxylate + 2 NH4.
(S)-ureidoglycolate amidohydrolase (decarboxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + uridine = ADP + UMP.
Catalysis of the reaction: uridine + phosphate = uracil + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
uridine:phosphate alpha-D-ribosyltransferase activity
uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uroporphyrin III = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-2.
adenosylmethionine-uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:uroporphyrinogen-III C-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent uroporphyrinogen III methylase activity
uroporphyrinogen-III C-methyltransferase activity
uroporphyrinogen-III methyltransferase activity
uroporphyrinogen methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymethylbilane = H2O + uroporphyrinogen III.
hydroxymethylbilane hydro-lyase (cyclizing; uroporphyrinogen-III-forming)
hydroxymethylbilane hydro-lyase (cyclizing) activity
uroporphyrinogen III cosynthase activity
uroporphyrinogen-III cosynthase activity
uroporphyrinogen-III cosynthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: uroporphyrinogen-III = coproporphyrinogen + 4 CO2.
uroporphyrinogen-III carboxy-lyase (coproporphyrinogen-III-forming)
uroporphyrinogen-III carboxy-lyase activity
uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + NAD+ + H2O = urate + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + H2O + O2 = urate + hydrogen peroxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose + ATP = D-xylulose 5-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:D-xylulose 5-phosphotransferase activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of dUTP pyrophosphatase.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phospholipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein kinase.
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase.
cyclin dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity
cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity
cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein phosphatase.
phosphoprotein phosphatase inhibitor activity
protein phosphatase 2 inhibitor activity
protein phosphatase type 2A inhibitor activity
protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a serine/threonine protein phosphatase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an endopeptidase.
serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a serine-type endopeptidase.
OBSOLETE. A superfamily of proteins, many of which inhibit serine proteinases and exhibit a high degree of homology with classical serine proteinase inhibitors such as alpha1-antitrypsin or antithrombin.
cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase.
OBSOLETE. Conveys a signal across a cell to trigger a change in cell function or state. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.
Receiving an asialoglycoprotein, and delivering the asialoglycoprotein into the cell via endocytosis. An asialoglycoprotein is a plasma glycoproteins from which the terminal sialic acid residue on their complex carbohydrate groups has been removed. The asialoglycoprotein receptor recognizes the terminal galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine units of the asialoglycoprotein, the receptor-ligand complex is internalized and transported to a sorting organelle where disassociation occurs before the receptor is recycled to the cell membrane.
obsolete aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity
OBSOLETE. Combining with an aryl hydrocarbon and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a ligand-activated transcription factor which translocates to the nucleus to activate transcription upon ligand-binding.
Combining with any component or product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
complement component C3a receptor activity
Combining with the C3a product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
complement component C3b receptor activity
Combining with the C3b product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
complement component C5a receptor activity
Combining with the C5a product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
A DNA-binding transcription factor activity regulated by binding to a ligand that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Nuclear receptor ligands are usually lipid-based (such as a steroid hormone) and the binding of the ligand to its receptor often occurs in the cytoplasm, which leads to its tranlocation to the nucleus.
ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
ligand-dependent transcription factor activity
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, estrogen-activated sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, glucocorticoid-activated sequence-specific DNA binding
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding
nuclear glucocorticoid receptor activity
Combining with a glucocorticoid and transmitting the signal within the cell trigger a change in cell activity or function.
transmembrane signaling receptor activity
Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction.
transmembrane signalling receptor activity
Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) to initiate a change in cell activity. GABA-A receptors function as chloride channels.
The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to the external substrate or to another cell and to initiate intracellular signaling. Cell adhesion receptors include integrins and cadherins.
Combining with a cytokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
hematopoietin/interferon-class (D200-domain) cytokine receptor activity
ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor activity
Combining with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with erythropoietin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity
Combining with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor activity
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor activity
Combining with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor activity
Combining with a growth hormone and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with an interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with a type I interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
Combining with interferon-gamma (a type II interferon) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity. Interleukin-1 is produced mainly by activated macrophages and is involved in the inflammatory response.
interleukin-1, type I, activating receptor activity
Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity via signaling pathways and mediated by adaptor proteins.
interleukin-1, type I, activating binding
interleukin-1 activating receptor activity
interleukin-1, type II, blocking receptor activity
Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity by inhibiting the activity of type I interleukin receptors.
interleukin-1, type II, blocking binding
interleukin-1 blocking receptor activity
Combining with interleukin-2 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-3 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-4 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-5 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-6 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-7 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-8 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-9 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-10 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-11 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
leukemia inhibitory factor receptor activity
Combining with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
leukemia inhibitory factor receptor beta-protein activity
Combining with oncostatin-M and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with prolactin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
OBSOLETE. Combining with a member of the Wnt-family of signaling molecules to initiate a change in cell activity.
OBSOLETE. Combining with to a member of the Wnt-family of signaling molecules to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Epstein-Barr Virus-induced receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity, unknown ligand
orphan G protein coupled receptor activity
orphan G-protein coupled receptor activity
super conserved receptor expressed in brain receptor activity
extracellularly ATP-gated monoatomic cation channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when ATP is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.
extracellularly ATP-gated cation channel activity
mating-type factor pheromone receptor activity
Combining with a mating-type factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.
mating-type a-factor pheromone receptor activity
Combining with the mating-type a-factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.
class D G protein coupled receptor activity
class D G-protein coupled receptor activity
class D G-protein-coupled receptor activity
mating-type alpha-factor pheromone receptor activity
Combining with the mating-type alpha-factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha-adrenergic receptors.
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha1-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gq alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha2-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gi alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gs alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta1-adrenergic receptors.
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta2-adrenergic receptors.
An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gi protein coupling and cGMP (NO) generation, and may also act via additional signaling mechanisms.
Combining with bombesin to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with bradykinin to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with calcitonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Combining with a cannabinoid to initiate a change in cell activity. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.
Combining with a chemokine, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.
Combining with cholecystokinin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein to initiate a change in cell activity. Cholecystokinin can act as a neuropeptide or as a gastrointestinal hormone.
dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity
Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with an icosanoid to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with a prostanoid, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure, to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with a prostaglandin (PG) to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with prostaglandin D (PGD(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with prostaglandin E (PGE(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with prostaglandin F (PGF (2-alpha)) to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with a thromboxane (TXA) to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with thromboxane A2 (TXA(2)) and transmitting the signal across the membrane to activate an associated G-protein.
Combining with endothelin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
follicle-stimulating hormone receptor activity
Combining with follicle-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
follicle stimulating hormone receptor activity
Combining with luteinizing hormone (also called lutropin) to initiate a change in cell activity.
lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor
G protein-coupled GABA receptor activity
Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
G-protein coupled GABA receptor activity
Combining with galanin to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with glucagon and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
Combining with gonadotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.
gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor activity
Combining with histamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate and acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium, potassium, and, in the absence of a GluR2 subunit, calcium.
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor activity
An cation channel that opens in response to binding by extracellular glutmate, but only if glycine is also bound and the membrane is depolarized. Voltage gating is indirect, due to ejection of bound magnesium from the pore at permissive voltages.
N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity
obsolete N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated protein activity
Combining with a leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotrienes are pharmacologically active substances with a set of three conjugated double bonds; some contain a peptide group based on cysteine.
Combining with melanocortin to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with corticotropin to initiate a change in cell activity.
adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor activity
Combining with beta-endorphin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Beta-endorphin is a peptide, 31 amino acids long, resulting from processing of the precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC).
melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity
Combining with melanocyte-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor activity
melanophore-stimulating hormone receptor activity
Combining with an N-formyl peptide to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with neuropeptide Y to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with an odorant and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity in response to detection of smell.
G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity
Combining with an opioid (any narcotic derived from or resembling opium), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.
OBSOLETE. Combining with an opioid to initiate a change in cell activity, with the pharmacological characteristics of delta-opioid receptors, including the activity of enkephalins as ligands.
OBSOLETE. Combining with an opioid to initiate a change in cell activity, with the pharmacological characteristics of kappa-opioid receptors, including high affinity for dynorphins.
OBSOLETE. Combining with an opioid to initiate a change in cell activity, with the pharmacological characteristics of mu-opioid receptors, including high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin but low affinity for dynorphins.
Combining with the biogenic amine octopamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Octopamine is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates and can have properties both of a hormone and a neurotransmitter and acts as an adrenergic agonist.
Combining with oxytocin to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with parathyroid hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
platelet activating factor receptor activity
Combining with platelet activating factor to initiate a change in cell activity.
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity
Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.
G protein coupled serotonin receptor activity
G-protein coupled serotonin receptor activity
Combining with somatostatin to initiate a change in cell activity. Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system by signaling via G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. Somatostatin has two active forms produced by proteolytic cleavage: a 14 amino acid peptide (SST-14) and a 28 amino acid peptide (SST-28).
growth hormone-inhibiting hormone receptor activity
somatotrophin release inhibiting factor receptor activity
Combining with a tachykinin neuropeptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.
thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor activity
Combining with thyroid-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor activity
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
Combining with thyrotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining selectively with transferrin, and delivering transferrin into the cell via endocytosis. Transferrin is a major iron carrier protein in vertebrates.
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity
Combining with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with vasopressin to initiate a change in cell activity.
vasopressin activated calcium mobilizing receptor activity
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
Combining with an ephrin receptor ligand to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with a GPI-anchored ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with a transmembrane ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.
epidermal growth factor receptor activity
Combining with an epidermal growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity
transforming growth factor-alpha receptor activity
fibroblast growth factor receptor activity
Combining with a fibroblast growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
fibroblast growth factor-activated receptor activity
hepatocyte growth factor receptor activity
Combining with hepatocyte growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
hepatocyte growth factor-activated receptor activity
Combining with insulin receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
insulin-like growth factor receptor activity
Combining with insulin-like growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
insulin-like growth factor-activated receptor activity
macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity
Combining with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.
macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor activity
obsolete neurotrophin TRK receptor activity
obsolete neurotrophin TRKA receptor activity
obsolete neurotrophin TRKB receptor activity
obsolete neurotrophin TRKC receptor activity
platelet-derived growth factor receptor activity
Combining with platelet-derived growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
platelet-derived growth factor-activated receptor activity
platelet-derived growth factor alpha-receptor activity
Combining with platelet-derived growth factor isoform PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB or PDGF-AB to initiate a change in cell activity.
platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor activity
Combining with platelet-derived growth factor isoform PDGF-BB or PDGF-AB to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with stem cell factor (SCF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate. Stem cell factor is a cytokine that stimulates mast cell growth and differentiation.
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor activity
Combining with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
vascular endothelial growth factor-activated receptor activity
vascular endothelial growth factor E-activated receptor activity
transforming growth factor beta receptor activity
Combining with a transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
transforming growth factor beta-activated receptor activity
transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type I
Combining with a complex of transforming growth factor beta and a type II TGF-beta receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of TGF-beta signals.
transforming growth factor beta ligand binding to type I receptor
type I transforming growth factor beta receptor activity
transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type II
Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; upon ligand binding, binds to and catalyzes the phosphorylation of a type I TGF-beta receptor.
transforming growth factor beta ligand binding to type II receptor
type II transforming growth factor beta receptor activity
obsolete NGF/TNF (6 C-domain) receptor activity
Combining with a neurotrophin, any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth, and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages, to initiate a change in cell function.
tumor necrosis factor-activated receptor activity
tumor necrosis factor receptor activity, type I
tumor necrosis factor receptor activity, type II
Sensing extracellular osmolarity to initiate a change in cell activity, and spanning the membrane of the cell.
Combining with an extracellular messenger (called a death ligand), and transmitting the signal from one side of the plasma membrane to the other to initiate apoptotic or necrotic cell death.
obsolete death receptor adaptor protein activity
obsolete death receptor interacting protein activity
obsolete death receptor-associated factor activity
low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity
Combining with a low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the low-density lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis.
low-density lipoprotein receptor activity
Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
netrin receptor activity involved in chemorepulsion
Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to contribute to the directed movement of a motile cell away from a higher concentration of netrin.
netrin receptor activity involved in negative chemotaxis
Combining with any modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or other polyanionic ligand and delivering the ligand into the cell via endocytosis. Ligands include acetylated and oxidized LDL, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, apoptotic cells, amyloid-beta fibrils, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs).
obsolete endoplasmic reticulum receptor activity
OBSOLETE. A receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Binding to a KDEL sequence, the C terminus tetrapeptide sequence Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu found in proteins that are to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Binding to a signal recognition particle.
Binding to a signal sequence, a specific peptide sequence found on protein precursors or mature proteins that dictates where the mature protein is localized.
Combining with a nuclear export signal (NES) on a cargo to be transported, to mediate transport of a the cargo through the nuclear pore, from the nuclear lumen to the cytoplasm. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.
peroxisome matrix targeting signal-1 binding
Binding to a type 1 peroxisome targeting signal, a tripeptide with the consensus sequence (S/A/C)-(K/R/H)-L.
peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1) binding
peroxisome matrix targeting signal-2 binding
Binding to a type 2 peroxisome targeting signal, a nonapeptide with a broad consensus sequence of (R/K)-(L/V/I)-(XXXXX)-(H/Q)-(L/A/F).
peroxisomal targeting signal 2 (PTS2) binding
obsolete peroxisome integral membrane receptor
Combining with a laminin, a glycoprotein that constitutes the majority of proteins in the basement membrane, to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with the extracellular matrix ligand tiggrin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
obsolete signal transducer activity, downstream of receptor
OBSOLETE. Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer, converting the signal into a form where it can ultimately trigger a change in the state or activity of a cell.
obsolete aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator activity
obsolete transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling protein activity
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase adaptor activity
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase adaptor protein activity
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase docking protein activity
OBSOLETE. Interacting selectively and non-covalently and simultaneously with one or more signal transduction molecules, usually acting as a scaffold to bring these molecules into close proximity either using their own SH2/SH3 domains (e.g. Grb2) or those of their target molecules (e.g. SAM68).
obsolete transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling protein activity
obsolete transforming growth factor beta receptor, cytoplasmic mediator activity
OBSOLETE. Activity of any of the molecules that transmit the signal from a TGF-beta receptor through the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
obsolete receptor signaling protein serine/threonine kinase signaling protein activity
OBSOLETE. Binds to MAP kinase and anchors it to a particular subcellular location.
The binding activity of a molecule that functions as a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) complex. Binds multiple kinases of the MAPKKK cascade, and also upstream signaling proteins, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Bringing together multiple enzymes and their substrates enables the signal to be transduced quickly and efficiently.
obsolete protein kinase A anchoring activity
OBSOLETE. Binds to protein kinase A and anchors it to a particular subcellular location.
obsolete receptor signaling protein serine/threonine phosphatase signaling protein activity
obsolete receptor signaling protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling protein activity
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Stimulates the exchange of GDP to GTP on a signaling GTPase, changing its conformation to its active form. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) act by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which is more abundant in the cell under normal cellular physiological conditions.
ARF guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
cAMP-dependent guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
guanyl-nucleotide release factor activity
Rab guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Rac guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Ral guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Ran guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Rap guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Sar guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor adaptor activity
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor and one or more other proteins, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.
Prevents the dissociation of GDP from a GTPase, thereby preventing GTP from binding.
Prevents the dissociation of GDP from the small GTPase Rab, thereby preventing GTP from binding.
Prevents the dissociation of GDP from the small GTPase Rho, thereby preventing GTP from binding.
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP and orthophosphate.
Binds to and increases the activity of a GTPase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP.
Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
fibroblast growth factor receptor binding
Binding to a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).
fibroblast growth factor receptor ligand
type 1 fibroblast growth factor receptor binding
Binding to a type 1 fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1).
type 1 fibroblast growth factor receptor ligand
OBSOLETE. A class of proteins that interact with the ephrin receptors.
type 2 fibroblast growth factor receptor binding
Binding to a type 2 fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR2).
type 2 fibroblast growth factor receptor ligand
Binding to a Notch (N) protein, a surface receptor.
Binding to a patched (ptc) protein, a receptor for hedgehog proteins.
type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
Binding to a type II transforming growth factor beta receptor.
transforming growth factor beta receptor type II binding
receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor binding
Binding to a receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (Ror).
receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor ligand
Binding to wishful thinking (Wit), a type II bone morphogenic protein receptor.
Binding to a sevenless (sev) protein, a receptor tyrosine kinase.
Binding to a smoothened (smo) protein, which interacts with patched to transmit hedgehog signals.
Binding to a Toll protein, a transmembrane receptor.
Binding to a torso (tor) protein, a receptor tyrosine kinase.
Binding to a member of the death receptor (DR) family. The DR family falls within the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and is characterized by a cytoplasmic region of ~80 residues termed the death domain (DD).
death receptor-associated factor activity
death receptor interacting protein activity
Binding to scavenger receptors, a family of proteins that are expressed on myeloid cells and are involved in the uptake of effete cellular components and foreign particles.
The activity of a soluble extracellular gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
hematopoietin/interferon-class (D200-domain) cytokine receptor binding
hematopoietin/interferon-class (D200-domain) cytokine receptor ligand
ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor binding
Binding to a ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor.
ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor ligand
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding
Binding to a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor.
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor binding
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor ligand
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor binding
Binding to a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor.
granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor binding
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor ligand
Binding to an interferon-type I receptor, a heterodimeric complex composed of an alpha subunit (IFNAR1) and a beta subunit (IFNAR2).
Binding to a type II interferon receptor. Type II interferon is also known as interferon-gamma.
obsolete interleukin-14 receptor binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to an interleukin-14 receptor.
leukemia inhibitory factor receptor binding
Binding to an leukemia inhibitory factor receptor.
leukemia inhibitory factor receptor ligand
Binding to a Type I interleukin-1 receptor.
Binding to a Type II interleukin-1 receptor.
interleukin-1 receptor antagonist activity
Blocks the binding of interleukin-1 to the interleukin-1 receptor complex.
epidermal growth factor receptor binding
Binding to an epidermal growth factor receptor.
transforming growth factor alpha receptor binding
transforming growth factor alpha receptor ligand
obsolete epidermal growth factor receptor activating ligand activity
OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete.
obsolete epidermal growth factor receptor inhibiting ligand activity
macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding
Binding to a macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor.
macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor binding
macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor ligand
insulin-like growth factor receptor binding
Binding to an insulin-like growth factor receptor.
insulin-like growth factor receptor ligand
transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
Binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor.
transforming growth factor beta receptor anchoring activity
transforming growth factor beta receptor ligand
platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding
Binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor.
platelet-derived growth factor receptor ligand
Binding to a nerve growth factor receptor.
Binding to a tumor necrosis factor receptor.
Binding to a neurotrophin TRKA receptor.
Binding to a neurotrophin TRKB receptor.
Binding to a neurotrophin TRKC receptor.
hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding
Binding to an hepatocyte growth factor receptor.
hepatocyte growth factor receptor ligand
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding
Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor ligand
Binding to a stem cell factor receptor (SCFR), a type III transmembrane kinase receptor.
Binding to CD40, a receptor found on the surface of all B-lymphocytes.
Binding to a CD27, a receptor found on the surface of T cells and some B cells and NK cells.
Binding to a protein-tyrosine kinase receptor Neu/ErbB-2/HER2.
OBSOLETE. A class of ligands for neurexins.
The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process.
gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone activity
The action characteristic of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH), any of a family of decapeptide amide hormones that are released by the hypothalamus in response to neural and/or chemical stimuli. In at least mammals, upon receptor binding, GnRH causes the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) by the anterior pituitary.
gonadotrophin hormone-releasing hormone activity
luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone releasing factor activity
luteinizing hormone-releasing factor activity
luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone activity
The action characteristic of a neuropeptide hormone, any peptide hormone that acts in the central nervous system. A neuropeptide is any of several types of molecules found in brain tissue, composed of short chains of amino acids; they include endorphins, enkephalins, vasopressin, and others. They are often localized in axon terminals at synapses and are classified as putative neurotransmitters, although some are also hormones.
The action characteristic of a neurohypophyseal hormone, any of a family of structurally and functionally related nonapeptides that are synthesized as part of a larger precursor molecule comprising a signal peptide, the nonapeptide hormone, and a neurophysin.
The activity of binding to and activating specific cell surface receptors, thereby inducing behavioral, developmental, or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell. The substance may be released or retained on the cell surface. Pheromones may serve as a specific attractant, social communicator, or sexual stimulant.
obsolete larval serum protein (sensu Insecta)
obsolete cell adhesion molecule activity
OBSOLETE. Mediates the adhesion of the cell to other cells or to the extracellular matrix.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cell wall.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cytoskeletal structure.
extracellular matrix structural constituent
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix.
obsolete chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan
obsolete chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan
obsolete extracellular matrix glycoprotein
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the lens of an eye.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an egg chorion. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
structural constituent of chitin-based cuticle
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a chitin-based cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
Enables the facilitated diffusion of a monoatomic ion (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. May be either selective (it enables passage of a specific ion only) or non-selective (it enables passage of two or more ions of same charge but different size).
intracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
intracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
caffeine-sensitive calcium-release channel
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity
intracellular cyclic nucleotide activated monoatomic cation channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
intracellular cyclic nucleotide activated cation channel activity
intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel activity
intracellular 3',5' cAMP activated cation channel activity
intracellular 3',5'-cAMP activated cation channel activity
intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate activated cation channel activity
intracellular cAMP activated cation channel activity
intracellular cyclic AMP activated cation channel activity
intracellular cGMP-activated cation channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cGMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
intracellular cGMP activated cation channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic anion by a volume-sensitive channel. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell.
calcium activated cation channel activity
Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.
intracellular calcium-activated potassium channel
intracellular sodium activated potassium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel that opens in response to stimulus by a sodium ion or ions. Transport by a channel involves facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. Sodium activated potassium channels have distinctive properties, including a large single channel conductance, subconductance states, and a block of single channel currents at positive potentials, similar to inward rectification.
intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of chloride by a channel that opens in response to stimulus by a calcium ion or ions. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, where channel opening contributes to an increase in membrane potential.
extracellularly glutamate-gated ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glutamate is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.
extracellular-glutamate-gated ion channel activity
inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular inhibitory ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. Inhibitory ligands, such as GABA or glycine, open chloride-selective channels.
inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
obsolete glycine receptor-associated protein
inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force. The inward-rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by a specific ligand or ligands, and as a result the macroscopic conductance depends on the difference between membrane voltage and the K+ equilibrium potential rather than on membrane voltage itself.
A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from one cell to an adjacent cell. The gap junction can pass large solutes as well as electrical signals between cells. Gap junctions consist of two gap junction hemi-channels, or connexons, one contributed by each membrane through which the gap junction passes.
voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a voltage-gated channel. An ion is an atom or group of atoms carrying an electric charge by virtue of having gained or lost one or more electrons. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
depolarization-activated calcium channel
depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel
depolarization-activated voltage gated calcium channel activity
depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel activity
voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
voltage-gated calcium ion channel activity
Modulates the activity of a calcium channel.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
voltage-dependent chloride channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
voltage-dependent sodium channel activity
voltage-gated sodium ion channel activity
voltage-gated potassium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
voltage-dependent potassium channel activity
voltage gated potassium channel activity
voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity
A-type (transient outward) potassium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an outwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel that produces a transient outward current upon a step change in membrane potential.
delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a delayed rectifying voltage-gated channel. A delayed rectifying current-voltage relation is one where channel activation kinetics are time-dependent, and inactivation is slow.
open rectifier potassium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an open rectifier voltage-gated channel. An open rectifier current-voltage relationship is one in which the direction of rectification depends on the external potassium ion concentration.
Enables the energy-independent passage of a monoatomic anion across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.
Enables the facilitated diffusion of a chloride (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
intracellularly ATP-gated chloride channel activity
Enables passage of a chloride ion through a transmembrane channel that opens when ATP is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the intracellular side of the plasma membrane.
channel-conductance-controlling ATPase activity
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
Enables the energy-independent passage of monoatomic cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.
Enables the facilitated diffusion of a calcium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
Enables the facilitated diffusion of a potassium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
Enables the facilitated diffusion of a sodium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: allantoin(out) + H+(out) = allantoin(in) + H+(in) by secondary active transport.
allantoin uptake transmembrane transporter activity
amine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of amines, including polyamines, from one side of a membrane to the other. Amines are organic compounds that are weakly basic in character and contain an amino (-NH2) or substituted amino group.
amine/polyamine transmembrane transporter activity
amino acid-polyamine transmembrane transporter activity
obsolete vesicular amino acid:proton antiporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a vesicle membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + amino acid(out) = H+(out) + amino acid(in).
acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of acetylcholine from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.
acetylcholine:proton antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + acetylcholine(in) = H+(in) + acetylcholine(out).
acetylcholine:hydrogen antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + H+(out) = amino acid(in) + H+(in).
obsolete general amino acid permease activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = amino acid(in) + Na+(in).
glutamate/aspartate:sodium symporter activity
insulin-activated sodium:amino acid symporter activity
insulin-activated sodium:amino acid transporter activity
insulin-activated sodium/amino acid transporter activity
isoleucine/valine:sodium symporter activity
sodium/excitatory amino acid cotransporter activity
sodium/excitatory amino acid symporter activity
threonine/serine:sodium symporter activity
high-affinity basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Acidic amino acids have a pH above 7. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
high-affinity basic amino acid transporter activity
high-affinity L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of arginine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity arginine transmembrane transporter activity
high-affinity arginine transmembrane transporter activity
high-affinity arginine transporter activity
L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
high-affinity L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity histidine permease activity
high affinity L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity
high-affinity lysine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of lysine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity lysine transmembrane transporter activity
high affinity lysine transporter activity
neutral L-amino acid secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a neutral L-amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.
neutral L-amino acid:sodium symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neutral L-amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = neutral L-amino acid(in) + Na+(in).
neutral amino acid:sodium symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: proline(out) + H+(out) = proline(in) + H+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: proline(out) + Na+(out) = proline(in) + Na+(in).
high-affinity tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the high-affinity transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high-affinity tryptophan transporter activity
obsolete valine/tyrosine/tryptophan permease activity
L-tyrosine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-tyrosine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-tyrosine is 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
valine/tyrosine/tryptophan permease activity
L-valine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-valine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-valine is 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.
leucine/isoleucine/valine porter activity
leucine/valine/isoleucine permease activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: choline(out) + Na+(out) = choline(in) + Na+(in).
creatine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of creatine from one side of a membrane to the other. Creatine is a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: creatine(out) + Na+(out) = creatine(in) + Na+(in).
sodium/chloride-dependent creatine transporter
dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of dicarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A dicarboxylic acid is an organic acid with two COOH groups.
dicarboxylate (succinate/fumarate/malate) antiporter activity
sodium:dicarboxylate/tricarboxylate symporter activity
obsolete sodium:dicarboxylate/tricarboxylate symporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (dicarboxylate or tricarboxylate)(out) + Na+(out) = (dicarboxylate or tricarboxylate)(in) + Na+(in).
L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-glutamate is the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.
glutamate transmembrane transporter activity
high-affinity L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high-affinity glutamate transmembrane transporter activity
high-affinity glutamate transporter activity
inorganic phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a inorganic phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.
high-affinity inorganic phosphate:sodium symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: HPO42-(out) + Na+(out) = HPO42-(in) + Na+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity inorganic phosphate:sodium symporter activity
Enables the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
long-chain fatty acid transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a long-chain fatty acid from one side of a membrane to the other. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.
neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neurotransmitter(out) + Na+(out) = neurotransmitter(in) + Na+(in).
sodium/neurotransmitter symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dopamine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out)= dopamine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).
dopamine:sodium:chloride symporter activity
dopamine transmembrane transporter activity
gamma-aminobutyric acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + Na+(in) + Cl(in).
4-aminobutanoate:sodium symporter activity
4-aminobutyrate:sodium symporter activity
gamma-aminobutyric acid:sodium symporter activity
sodium/chloride-dependent GABA transporter activity
norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: norepinephrine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = norepinephrine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).
norepinephrine:sodium:chloride symporter activity
norepinephrine transmembrane transporter activity
sodium/norepinephrine symporter activity
serotonin:sodium:chloride symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: serotonin(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = serotonin(in) + Na+(in)+ Cl-(in).
serotonin transmembrane transporter activity
nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide) from one side of a membrane to the other.
intracellular nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. A nucleotide-sugar is any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
nucleotide-sulfate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of nucleotide-sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other.
nucleotide-sulphate transporter activity
organic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of organic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic acids are acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: organic acid(out) + Na+(out) = organic acid(in) + Na+(in).
sodium/chloride-dependent organic acid cotransporter activity
Binding to oxygen and delivering it to an acceptor molecule or a specific location.
purine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.
purine base transmembrane transporter activity
purine transmembrane transporter activity
purine ribonucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside (a purine organic base attached to a ribose sugar) esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
Enables the transfer of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
pyrimidine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of pyrimidine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.
pyrimidine base transmembrane transporter activity
pyrimidine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: carbohydrate(out) + H+(out) = carbohydrate(in) + H+(in).
lactose/glucose efflux transporter activity
sugar efflux transmembrane transporter activity
alpha-glucoside:proton symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alpha-glucoside(out) + H+(out) = alpha-glucoside(in) + H+(in). Alpha-glucosides include trehalose, maltose, turanose, isomaltose, alpha-methylglucoside, maltotriose, palatinose, trehalose and melezitose.
alpha-glucoside:hydrogen symporter activity
general alpha-glucoside:hydrogen symporter activity
general alpha-glucoside:proton symporter activity
general alpha-glucoside transporter activity
fructose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of fructose from one side of a membrane to the other. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.
galactose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.
galactose/glucose (methylgalactoside) porter activity
glucose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of a membrane to the other.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.
transepithelial hydrogen:glucose symporter activity
transepithelial hydrogen:glucose transporter activity
transepithelial hydrogen/glucose transporter activity
obsolete constitutive glucose:proton symporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+. This activity is constitutive and therefore always present, regardless of demand. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.
high-affinity glucose:proton symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+. This activity is constitutive and therefore always present, regardless of demand. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high-affinity hydrogen:glucose symporter activity
high-affinity hydrogen:glucose transporter activity
high-affinity hydrogen/glucose transporter activity
low-affinity glucose:proton symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + H(out)+ = glucose(in) + H(in)+. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.
low-affinity hydrogen:glucose symporter activity
low-affinity hydrogen:glucose transporter activity
low-affinity hydrogen/glucose transporter activity
insulin-responsive glucose:proton symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + H(out)+ = glucose(in) + H(in)+, in response to a stimulus by insulin. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.
insulin-responsive hydrogen:glucose symporter activity
insulin-responsive hydrogen:glucose transporter activity
low-affinity glucose:sodium symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
low-affinity glucose-sodium cotransporter activity
maltose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of maltose from one side of a membrane to the other. Maltose is the disaccharide 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose, an intermediate in the enzymatic breakdown of glycogen and starch.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: maltose(out) + H+(out) = maltose(in) + H+(in).
myo-inositol transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of myo-inositol from one side of a membrane to the other. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: myo-inositol(out) + H+(out) = myo-inositol(in) + H+(in).
hydrogen/myo-inositol transporter activity
myo-inositol:hydrogen symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: myo-inositol(out) + Na+(out) = myo-inositol(in) + Na+(in).
myo-inositol-sodium cotransporter activity
taurine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of taurine from one side of a membrane to the other. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative which is important in the metabolism of fats.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: taurine(out) + Na+(out) = taurine(in) + Na+(in).
sodium/chloride-dependent taurine transporter
tricarboxylate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of tricarboxylate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.
water transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of water (H2O) from one side of a membrane to the other.
obsolete heavy metal ion porter activity
OBSOLETE. A transporter of heavy metal ions that utilizes a carrier-mediated process to catalyze uniport, symport or antiport between aqueous phases on either side of a lipid membrane.
copper ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of copper (Cu) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
copper uptake transmembrane transporter activity
obsolete plasma membrane copper transporter
obsolete intracellular copper ion transporter
iron ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of iron (Fe) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
transmembrane iron ion permease activity
manganese ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of manganese (Mn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of zinc (Zn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
zinc, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, lead-efflux ATPase activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ca2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Ca2+(out).
ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent calcium transmembrane transporter activity
calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity
calcium transmembrane transporter activity, phosphorylative mechanism
sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in).
P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
sodium:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
sodium/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase activity
obsolete eye pigment precursor transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + eye pigment precursor(in) = ADP + phosphate + eye pigment precursor(out).
obsolete transmembrane conductance regulator activity
obsolete peroxisomal membrane transporter
carbohydrate:monoatomic cation symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sugar(out) + cation(out) = sugar(in) + cation(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleoside(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in).
nucleoside-sodium cotransporter activity
sodium-dependent nucleoside transporter activity
amino acid:monoatomic cation symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + cation(out) = amino acid(in) + cation(in).
proton-dependent oligopeptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a oligopeptide from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by proton movement.
proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter activity
obsolete chromaffin granule amine transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of amines across chromaffin granule membranes.
obsolete synaptic vesicle amine transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of amines across synaptic vesicle membranes.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Na+(in).
mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + phosphate(out) = Na+(in) + phosphate(in).
sodium-dependent phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
obsolete monoatomic cation:proton antiporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monoatomic cation(out) + H+(in) = monoatomic cation(in) + H+(out).
solute:inorganic anion antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: inorganic anion(out) + solute(in) = inorganic anion (in) + solute(out).
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a CMP-N-acetylneuraminate from one side of a membrane to the other.
CMP-sialic acid transmembrane transporter activity
GDP-fucose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a GDP-fucose from one side of a membrane to the other. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
GDP-mannose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a GDP-mannose from one side of a membrane to the other. GDP-mannose is a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
UDP-galactose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a UDP-galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-galactose is a substance composed of galactose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
UDP-glucose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a UDP-glucose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-glucose is a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
UDP-glucuronic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a UDP-glucuronic acid from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-glucuronic acid is a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. N-acetylglucosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a N-acetylgalactosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. N-acetylgalactosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
UDP-xylose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of UDP-xylose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-xylose is a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
obsolete small-molecule carrier or transporter
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: succinate(out) + fumarate(in) = succinate(in) + fumarate(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(out) + ADP(in) = ATP(in) + ADP(out).
carnitine:acyl carnitine antiporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine (mitochondrial) + acyl carnitine (cytoplasm) = carnitine (cytoplasm) + acyl carnitine (mitochondrial).
carnitine:acyl carnitine carrier activity
carnitine/acyl carnitine carrier activity
pyruvate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of pyruvate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.
Binding to both N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and a cis-SNARE complex (i.e. a SNARE complex in which all proteins are associated with the same membrane) and increasing the ATPase activity of NSF, thereby allowing ATP hydrolysis by NSF to disassemble the cis-SNARE complex.
Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion.
The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
OBSOLETE. Enables the directed movement of electrons into, out of, within or between cells.
OBSOLETE. A cytochrome b that has a sulfur atom ligated to the iron of the prosthetic group (heme-thiolate); enzymes:typically monooxygenases acting on lipophilic substrates.
Binding to a steroid, any of a large group of substances that have in common a ring system based on 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene.
Binding to an androgen, a male sex hormone.
Binding to vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
Binding to a juvenile hormone, a sesquiterpenoid derivative that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.
Binding to a retinoid, a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.
Binding to 11-cis retinal, an isomer of retinal that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. 11-cis retinal combines with opsin in the rods (scotopsin) to form rhodopsin or visual purple. Retinal is one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A.
Binding to all-trans retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. All-trans retinal (trans r., visual yellow) results from the bleaching of rhodopsin by light, in which the 11-cis form is converted to the all-trans form. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.
Binding to a fatty acid, an aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
OBSOLETE. Interacting selectively with a heavy metal, a metal that can form a coordination bond with a protein, as opposed to an alkali or alkaline-earth metal that can only form an ionic bond; this definition includes the following biologically relevant heavy metals: Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, W, Zn.
The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
Binding to calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states.
Binding to collagen, a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).
Binding to a protein involved in modulating the reorganization of the cytoskeleton.
Binding to an insulin-like growth factor, any member of a group of polypeptides that are structurally homologous to insulin and share many of its biological activities, but are immunologically distinct from it.
Binding to lamin; any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope.
Binding to profilin, an actin-binding protein that forms a complex with G-actin and prevents it from polymerizing to form F-actin.
Binding to tropomyosin, a protein associated with actin filaments both in cytoplasm and, in association with troponin, in the thin filament of striated muscle.
Binding to ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
Binding to a macrolide, any of a large group of structurally related antibiotics produced by Streptomyces species.
Binding to a 23-membered macrolide lactone FK506.
OBSOLETE. Lectins are proteins obtained particularly from the seeds of leguminous plants, but also from many other plant and animal sources, that have binding sites for specific mono or oligosaccharides in cell walls or membranes. They thereby change the physiology of the membrane to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes in the cell.
Binding to aldohexose galactose (galacto-hexose), a common constituent of many oligo- and polysaccharides.
Binding to D- or L-enantiomers of glucose.
Binding to mannose, a monosaccharide hexose, stereoisomeric with glucose, that occurs naturally only in polymerized forms called mannans.
Binding to a glycan (polysaccharide) containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.
Binding to hyaluronic acid, a polymer composed of repeating dimeric units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine.
OBSOLETE. Interacting selectively with acyl-CoA or acyl, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty acyl group, or any group formally derived by removal of a hydroxyl group from the acid function of an organic acid.
Binding to folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.
Binding to a phospholipid, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
Binding to a phospholipid, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester, in the presence of calcium.
Binding to a phosphatidylinositol, a glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding
Binding to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' and 5' positions.
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding
phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding
phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding
Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3', 4' and 5' positions.
Enables the directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phospholipids are a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
Binding to an odorant, any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell.
Binding to a pheromone, a substance, or characteristic mixture of substances, that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.
obsolete ubiquitin-ribosomal protein fusion protein
OBSOLETE. A protein encoded by some ubiquitin genes which consists of a single copy of ubiquitin fused to a ribosomal protein.
obsolete minor histocompatibility antigen
obsolete RNA polymerase II transcribed untranslated RNA
A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome).
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds.
A protein complex produced by sequentially activated components of the complement cascade inserted into a target cell membrane and forming a pore leading to cell lysis via ion and water flow.
membrane attack complex protein alphaM chain
membrane attack complex protein beta2 chain
obsolete membrane attack complex protein alphaM chain
A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XV) chains; a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan often found in specialized basement membranes where it bridges between fibrils.
Any triple helical collagen trimer that forms fibrils.
A collagen trimer containing alpha(I) chains. The most common form of type I collagen is a heterotrimer containing two alpha1(I) chains and one alpha2(I) chain; homotrimers containing three alpha1(I) chains are also found. Type I collagen triple helices associate to form banded fibrils.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(II) chains; type II collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(III) chains; type III collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes.
A collagen heterotrimer containing type V alpha chains; [alpha1(V)]2alpha2(V) and alpha1(V)alpha2(V)alpha3(V) trimers have been observed; type V collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
A collagen heterotrimer containing type VI alpha chains in alpha1(VI)alpha2(VI)alpha3(VI) trimers; type VI collagen triple helices associate to form beaded fibrils.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(VII) chains; type VII collagen triple helices form antiparallel dimer, which in turn associate laterally to form anchoring fibrils that connect type IV collagen in the basal lamina to plaques in the underlying connective tissue. It binds laminin.
A collagen heterotrimer containing type VIII alpha chains; [alpha1(VIII)2]alpha2(VIII) and alpha1(VIII)[alpha2(VIII)]2 trimers have been observed; type VIII collagen triple helices associate to form regular hexagonal nets.
A collagen heterotrimer containing type XI alpha chains in alpha1(XI)alpha2(XI)alpha3(XI) trimers; type XI collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
A collagen trimer that associates with collagen fibrils and consists of collagen monomers that contain two or more relatively short triple-helical domains connected by non-triple-helical sequences.
A collagen heterotrimer containing type IX alpha chains in alpha1(IX)alpha2(IX)alpha3(IX) trimers; type IX collagen triple helices associate to form a structure that links glycosaminoglycans to type II collagen fibrils.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XII) chains; type XII collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIV) chains; type XIV collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.
A collagen trimer containing alpha(XVI) chains; type XVI trimers can associate with microfibrils.
Any collagen trimer that does not form fibrils and that is relatively short compared to the collagen trimers that do form fibrils.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(X) chains; type X collagen triple helices form hexagonal networks (sheets).
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIII) chains; type XIII collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane.
classical-complement-pathway C3/C5 convertase complex
A heterodimeric protein complex that catalyzes the cleavage of complement components C3 and C5, and acts in the classical pathway of complement activation; consists of one monomer of C2a and one monomer of C4b; C2a is the catalytic subunit, but cannot catalyze cleavage alone.
A protein complex composed of six subunits of C1q, each formed of the three homologous polypeptide chains C1QA, C1QB, and C1QB, and tetramer of two C1QR and two C1QS polypeptide chains.
obsolete complement component C2 complex
A collagen-containing extracellular matrix consisting of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers.
A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta3 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.
A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
A type of extracellular matrix found in interstitial connective tissue, characterized by the presence of fibronectins, proteoglycans, and types I, III, V, VI, VII and XII collagens.
That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
A multisubunit protein complex which, in Drosophila, is a heterohexamer of three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma. The complex is thought to store amino acids for synthesis of adult proteins.
The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.
The specialized cell wall of the ascospore (spore), which is the product of meiotic division. Examples of this component are found in Fungi.
Crater-like ring of chitinous scar tissue located on the surface of the mother cell. It is formed after the newly emerged daughter cell separates thereby marking the site of cytokinesis and septation. The number of bud scars that accumulate on the surface of a cell is a useful determinant of replicative age.
A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
OBSOLETE. The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
OBSOLETE. That fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that includes the plasma and other membranes.
OBSOLETE. That fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that is soluble in water.
OBSOLETE. That fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that is not soluble in water.
OBSOLETE. A sac-like fruiting body (ascomycete Fungi); contains ascospores (typically eight in number).
The prospore membrane is a double-membraned structure that extends from the cytoplasmic face of the spindle pole bodies to encompass the spindle pole bodies and the four nuclear lobes that are formed during meiosis. It helps isolate the meiotic nuclei from the cytoplasm during spore formation and serves as a foundation for the formation of the spore walls. An example of this component is found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
The outermost layer of the spore wall, as described in Saccharomyces.
The second outermost layer of the spore wall, as described in Saccharomyces.
Either of the two innermost layers of the spore wall, as described in Saccharomyces.
Any particle of coalesced lipids in an ascus or ascospore. May include associated proteins.
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope.
Any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope. They are classified as lamins A, B and C.
obsolete integral component of nuclear inner membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the nuclear inner membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.
The region between the two lipid bilayers of the nuclear envelope; 20-40 nm wide.
Stacks of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes containing a high density of nuclear pores, thought to form from excess nuclear membrane components, that have been described in a number of different cells. Annulate lamellar membranes are continuous with and embedded within the ER.
A protein complex providing a discrete opening in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined.
obsolete importin, alpha-subunit transport factor
The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments. The polypeptides of the lamina are thought to be concerned in the dissolution of the nuclear envelope and its re-formation during mitosis. The lamina is composed of lamin A and lamin C filaments cross-linked into an orthogonal lattice, which is attached via lamin B to the inner nuclear membrane through interactions with a lamin B receptor, an IFAP, in the membrane.
That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
A ribonuclease P complex located in the nucleolus of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. Eukaryotic nucleolar ribonuclease P complexes generally contain a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.
A protein-DNA complex assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins during late mitosis and G1, allowing the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication. The complex normally includes the origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6, Cdt1 and the MiniChromosome Maintenance (Mcm2-7) proteins.
The Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.
A complex of four polypeptides, comprising large and small DNA polymerase alpha subunits and two primase subunits, which are capable of catalyzing the synthesis of an RNA primer on the lagging strand of replicating DNA and the subsequent synthesis of a smal stretch of DNA. The smaller of the two primase subunits alone can catalyze oligoribonucleotide synthesis.
heterotetrameric polymerase alpha holoenzyme
obsolete delta-DNA polymerase cofactor complex
OBSOLETE. A complex of proteins that interacts with delta-DNA polymerase, promoting elongation. In humans it is a heteropentamer of subunits of 140/145, 40, 38, 37 and 36.5 kDa, which form a complex with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the presence of ATP.
A conserved heterotrimeric complex that binds nonspecifically to single-stranded DNA and is required for multiple processes in eukaryotic DNA metabolism, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and recombination. In all eukaryotic organisms examined the complex is composed of subunits of approximately 70, 30, and 14 kDa.
A complex that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. In eukaryotes the complex consists of five polypeptides.
nuclear origin of replication recognition complex
A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the nucleus.
RNA polymerase II, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces mRNAs, snoRNAs, and some of the snRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains an essential carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) composed of a variable number of heptapeptide repeats (YSPTSPS). The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, core complex
RNA polymerase III, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces 5S rRNA, tRNAs and some of the small nuclear RNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase I and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and II. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.
A protein complex that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.
cytoplasmic transcription factor complex
RNA polymerase transcription factor SL1 complex
A RNA polymerase I-specific transcription factor complex that contains the TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) and at least three TBP-associated factors including proteins known in mammals as TAFI110, TAFI63 and TAFI48.
A complex composed of TATA binding protein (TBP) and TBP associated factors (TAFs); the total mass is typically about 800 kDa. Most of the TAFs are conserved across species. In TATA-containing promoters for RNA polymerase II (Pol II), TFIID is believed to recognize at least two distinct elements, the TATA element and a downstream promoter element. TFIID is also involved in recognition of TATA-less Pol II promoters. Binding of TFIID to DNA is necessary but not sufficient for transcription initiation from most RNA polymerase II promoters.
obsolete transcription-activating factor, 30kD
obsolete Ada2/Gcn5/Ada3 transcription activator complex
OBSOLETE. A multiprotein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase and is involved in regulation of transcription. Contains either GCN5 or PCAF in a mutually exclusive manner. The budding yeast complex includes Gcn5p, two proteins of the Ada family, and two TBP-associate proteins (TAFs); analogous complexes in other species have analogous compositions, and usually contain homologs of the yeast proteins. Both ATAC- or SAGA (see GO:0000124, SAGA complex) are involved in the acetylation of histone H3K9 and K14 residues.
A component of the transcription machinery of RNA Polymerase II. In humans, TFIIA is a heterotrimer composed of an alpha (P35), beta (P19) and gamma subunits (P12).
A transcription factor which in humans consists of a complex of two alpha and two beta chains. Recruits TFIIH to the initiation complex and helps activate both RNA polymerase II and TFIIH.
A general transcription initiation factor which in humans consists of a heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. Helps recruit RNA polymerase II to the initiation complex and promotes translation elongation.
A complex that is capable of kinase activity directed towards the C-terminal Domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for initiation at RNA polymerase II promoters in vitro. It is composed of the core TFIIH complex and the TFIIK complex.
Any protein complex that mediates changes in chromatin structure that result in transcriptional silencing.
OBSOLETE. Any protein complex that acts in the formation of nucleosomes or higher order chromatin structure.
A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis. Substrate recognition by APC occurs through degradation signals, the most common of which is termed the Dbox degradation motif, originally discovered in cyclin B.
Any of a series of ribonucleoprotein complexes that contain snRNA(s) and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), and are formed sequentially during the spliceosomal splicing of one or more substrate RNAs, and which also contain the RNA substrate(s) from the initial target RNAs of splicing, the splicing intermediate RNA(s), to the final RNA products. During cis-splicing, the initial target RNA is a single, contiguous RNA transcript, whether mRNA, snoRNA, etc., and the released products are a spliced RNA and an excised intron, generally as a lariat structure. During trans-splicing, there are two initial substrate RNAs, the spliced leader RNA and a pre-mRNA.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U5, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U5 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U5 snRNA both while the U5 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the U7 snRNA and is required for the 3'-end processing of replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs.
Any spliceosomal complex that forms during the splicing of a messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron that has canonical consensus sequences near the 5' and 3' ends.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U1, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U1 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U1 snRNA both while the U1 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U2, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U2 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U2 snRNA both while the U2 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U4, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U4 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U4 snRNA both while the U4 snRNP is free or assembled into the U4/U6 snRNP or into a series of spliceosomal complexes.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U6, the Lsm2-8 heptameric ring complex, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U6 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U6 snRNA both while the U6 snRNP is free or assembled into the U4/U6 snRNP or into a series of spliceosomal complexes.
Any spliceosomal complex that forms during the splicing of a messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron; the series of U12-type spliceosomal complexes is involved in the splicing of the majority of introns that contain atypical AT-AC terminal dinucleotides, as well as other non-canonical introns. The entire splice site signal, not just the terminal dinucleotides, is involved in determining which spliceosome utilizes the site.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U4atac, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U4atac snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U4atac snRNA both while the U4atac snRNP is free or assembled into the U4atac/U6atac complex or into a series of spliceosomal complexes.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U6atac, the Lsm2-8 heptameric ring complex, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U6atac snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U6atac snRNA both while the U6atac snRNP is free or assembled into the U4atac/U6atac snRNP or into a series of spliceosomal complexes.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U11, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U11 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U11 snRNA both while the U11 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U12, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U12 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U12 snRNA both while the U12 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
OBSOLETE. One of the two daughter strands of a duplicated chromosome that become apparent between early prophase and metaphase in mitosis and between diplotene and second metaphase in meiosis.
OBSOLETE. A complex of DNA and protein that seals the end of a chromosome. The telomeric DNA consists of simple tandemly repeated sequences specific for each species. Typically one strand is G-rich and the other C-rich. The G-rich strand forms a 3'-terminal overhang, the length of which varies with species. The single strand overhang is bound by a variety of proteins, including telomere capping proteins that bind to the single-stranded DNA.
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, with a minimal catalytic core composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition. In vivo, the holoenzyme complex often contains additional subunits.
OBSOLETE. The region of a eukaryotic chromosome that is attached to the spindle during nuclear division. It is defined genetically as the region of the chromosome that always segregates at the first division of meiosis; the region of the chromosome in which no crossing over occurs. At the start of M phase, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids with a constriction at a point which forms the centromere. During late prophase two kinetochores assemble on each centromere, one kinetochore on each sister chromatid.
A type of chromosome in a polyploid cell, formed when multiple copies of homologous chromosomes are aligned side by side to give a giant chromosome in which distinct chromosome bands are readily visible.
A region at which the centric regions of polytene chromosomes are joined together.
A region of the polytene chromosome where the diameter is considerably decreased, probably resulting from local differences in chromosome organization.
A swelling at a site along the length of a polytene chromosome, thought to be the site of active transcription.
A stretch of densely packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, visible as a morphologically distinct band.
A stretch of less tightly packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, found between bands.
A thread-like connection joining two regions of ectopically paired polytene chromosomes.
OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the cell during interphase of the cell cycle. Chromosomes are usually decondensed during interphase and each long DNA molecule in a chromosome is divided into a large number of discrete domains that are folded differently.
OBSOLETE. A chromosome involved in the process of mitosis.
OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the cell during prophase.
OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the cell during metaphase. Typically, sister chromatids are held together at their centromeres and chromosomes are covered with a large number of molecules, including ribonucleoproteins.
OBSOLETE. A chromosome involved in the process of meiosis.
A connection formed between chromatids, visible during meiosis, thought to be the point of the interchange involved in crossing-over.
An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes.
An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes in leptotene or zygotene during meiosis I.
An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes in pachytene during meiosis I.
Heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the CENP-A rich centromere 'central core' and characterized by methylated H3 histone at lysine 9 (H3K9me2/H3K9me3).
chromosome, centromeric inner repeat region
chromosome, centromeric outer repeat region
A diffusely banded region of heterochromatin located between euchromatin and alpha-heterochromatin in the polytene chromosome chromocenter; normally replicated during polytenization.
A small, compact region of heterochromatin located in the middle of the polytene chromosome chromocenter, which undergoes little or no replication during polytenization.
obsolete nuclear telomeric heterochromatin
OBSOLETE. Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the telomeres of a chromosome in the nucleus.
Any of the regions of heterochromatin that form a reproducible set of dense bands scattered along the euchromatic arms in polytene chromosomes.
Structures of variable diameter visible in the nucleoplasm by electron microscopy, mainly observed near the border of condensed chromatin. The fibrils are enriched in RNA, and are believed to be sites of pre-mRNA splicing and polyadenylylation representing the in situ form of nascent transcripts.
Circular DNA structures that are not part of a chromosome.
Circular DNA molecules encoding ribosomal RNA that are replicated independently of chromosomal replication. These molecules originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats.
A plasmid commonly found in Saccharomyces, inherited in a non-Mendelian manner and often present in 100-400 copies.
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
A region of a chromosome where nucleoli form during interphase, and where genes encoding the largest rRNA precursor transcript are tandemly arrayed.
sno(s)RNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA molecule of the snoRNA family and associated proteins. Many are involved in a step of processing of rRNA molecules: cleavage, 2'-O-methylation, or pseudouridylation, but other RNA types can be targets as well. The majority fall into one of two classes, box C/D type or box H/ACA type, which are conserved across eukaryotes and archaea. Other members include the telomerase RNA and the ribonuclease MRP RNA.
small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex
RNA polymerase I, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces rRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase III and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases II and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.
The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope.
mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex
A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates transport of proteins into all mitochondrial compartments.
mitochondrion outer membrane translocase complex
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.
TIM23 mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase complex
The protein transport machinery of the mitochondrial inner membrane that typically transports proteins that possess a matrix-targeting N-terminal presequence. The TIM23 complex contains three essential Tim proteins: Tim17 and Tim23 are thought to build a preprotein translocation channel while Tim44 interacts transiently with the matrix heat-shock protein Hsp70 to form an ATP-driven import motor.
mitochondrial inner membrane presequence translocase complex
mitochondrial inner membrane pre-sequence translocase complex
mitochondrial inner membrane translocase complex
Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that is involved in mitochondrial protein turnover and in processing of proteins imported into mitochondria.
The protein complexes that form the mitochondrial electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplex
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.
mitochondrial fumarate reductase complex
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1.
mitochondrial coenzyme Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex
mitochondrial coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase complex
mitochondrial electron transport complex III
mitochondrial ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex
mitochondrial ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2).
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the mitochondrial membrane.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core
The hexamer, comprising three alpha and three beta subunits, that possesses the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase.
obsolete hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, coupling factor CF(0)
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the mitochondrial membrane-associated F0 proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis.
mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex
A protein complex that connects the inner and outer membranes of animal mitochondria and acts as a pore that can open transiently to allow free diffusion of solutes between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytosol. The pore complex is formed of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and cyclophilin-D (CyP-D).
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the mitochondrial envelope.
The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation.
A DNA polymerase complex consisting of a large subunit, responsible for the catalytic activities, and a small accessory subunit. Functions in the replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA.
A ribosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell; contains a characteristic set of proteins distinct from those of cytosolic ribosomes.
The larger of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
The smaller of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome.
mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit complex
A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.
A lysosome before it has fused with a vesicle or vacuole.
Vacuole formed by the fusion of a lysosome with an organelle (autosome) or with a primary phagosome.
A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways.
A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.
A type of endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.
A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.
The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane.
A double-membrane-bounded compartment that engulfs endogenous cellular material as well as invading microorganisms to target them to the lytic vacuole/lysosome for degradation as part of macroautophagy.
A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a peroxisome.
obsolete integral component of peroxisomal membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the peroxisomal membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
extrinsic component of intraperoxisomal membrane
The component of the intraperoxisomal membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
obsolete peroxisome targeting signal receptor complex
The volume contained within the membranes of a peroxisome; in many cells the matrix contains a crystalloid core largely composed of urate oxidase.
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
A translocon complex that contains a core heterotrimer of conserved alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs); in budding yeast the core proteins are Sec61p, Sbh1p, and Sss1p. The Sec61 translocon complex functions in cotranslational and posttranslational translocation events.
signal recognition particle receptor complex
A transmembrane heterodimeric protein located in the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Both subunits contain GTPase domains with which signal recognition particle interacts. In the presence of GTP and SRP receptor, SRP is released from the ribosome-nascent chain complex.
signal recognition particle, endoplasmic reticulum targeting
A ribonucleoprotein particle of 325 kDa composed of a 7S (300 nucleotide) RNA molecule and a complex of six different polypeptides. This binds both to the N-terminal signal peptide for proteins destined for the endoplasmic reticulum as they emerge from the large ribosomal subunit and also to the ribosome. This binding arrests further translation thereby preventing the proteins from being released into the cytosol. The SRP-ribosome complex then diffuses to the endoplasmic reticulum where it is bound to the signal recognition particle receptor, which allows resumption of protein synthesis and facilitates the passage of the growing polypeptide chain through the translocon. Through a process involving GTP hydrolysis, the SRP-SRP receptor complex dissociates and SRP returns to the cytosol. Of the six polypeptides of SRP the 54 kDa subunit (SRP54) is the central player. It contains an N-terminal GTPase domain and a C-terminal domain that binds directly to the signal peptide and the SRP RNA. Examples of this component are found in Mus musculus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana.
A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and cleaves the signal sequence from precursor proteins following their transport out of the cytoplasmic space.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER or SER) has no ribosomes attached to it. The smooth ER is the recipient of the proteins synthesized in the rough ER. Those proteins to be exported are passed to the Golgi complex, the resident proteins are returned to the rough ER and the lysosomal proteins after phosphorylation of their mannose residues are passed to the lysosomes. Glycosylation of the glycoproteins also continues. The smooth ER is the site of synthesis of lipids, including the phospholipids. The membranes of the smooth ER also contain enzymes that catalyze a series of reactions to detoxify both lipid-soluble drugs and harmful products of metabolism. Large quantities of certain compounds such as phenobarbital cause an increase in the amount of the smooth ER.
The rough (or granular) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface; the ribosomes are the site of translation of the mRNA for those proteins which are either to be retained within the cisternae (ER-resident proteins), the proteins of the lysosomes, or the proteins destined for export from the cell. Glycoproteins undergo their initial glycosylation within the cisternae.
OBSOLETE. Any of the small, heterogeneous, artifactual, vesicular particles, 50-150 nm in diameter, that are formed when some eukaryotic cells are homogenized and that sediment on centrifugation at 100000 g.
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi and Golgi-to-ER transport.
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport container
A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.
The set of thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments, called cisternae, that form the central portion of the Golgi complex. The stack usually comprises cis, medial, and trans cisternae; the cis- and trans-Golgi networks are not considered part of the stack.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of any cisterna or subcompartment of the Golgi apparatus, including the cis- and trans-Golgi networks.
The middle Golgi cisterna (or cisternae).
Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell.
The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located at the convex side of the Golgi apparatus, which abuts the endoplasmic reticulum.
The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located within the Golgi apparatus on the side distal to the endoplasmic reticulum, from which secretory vesicles emerge. The trans-Golgi network is important in the later stages of protein secretion where it is thought to play a key role in the sorting and targeting of secreted proteins to the correct destination.
OBSOLETE. A small subcellular vesicle, or granule, surrounded by a single-layered membrane; formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.
obsolete Golgi-plasma membrane transport vesicle
obsolete Golgi-vacuole transport vesicle
An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle comprising a matrix of coalesced lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. May include associated proteins.
A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.
A cellular organelle, found close to the nucleus in many eukaryotic cells, consisting of a small cylinder with microtubular walls, 300-500 nm long and 150-250 nm in diameter. It contains nine short, parallel, peripheral microtubular fibrils, each fibril consisting of one complete microtubule fused to two incomplete microtubules. Cells usually have two centrioles, lying at right angles to each other. At division, each pair of centrioles generates another pair and the twin pairs form the pole of the mitotic spindle.
An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides.
The microtubule organizing center in fungi; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.
An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores.
The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.
Structure between the central and outer plaques of the spindle pole body.
One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the inner plaque is in the nucleus.
One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the central plaque is embedded in the nuclear envelope.
One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the outer plaque is in the cytoplasm.
Structure adjacent to the plaques of the spindle pole body.
A cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin that forms beneath the plasma membrane of many cells, including animal cells and yeast cells, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle, i.e. the cell division plane. In animal cells, the contractile ring is located at the cleavage furrow. In budding fungal cells, e.g. mitotic S. cerevisiae cells, the contractile ring forms at the mother-bud neck before mitosis.
Any of the spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone. This interdigitating structure consisting of antiparallel microtubules is responsible for pushing the poles of the spindle apart.
Any of the spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic or meiotic chromosome segregation.
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
A protein complex consisting of a steroid receptor associated with nonreceptor proteins, minimally a dimer of Hsp90 and a monomer of hsp56/FKBP59; forms in the absence of bound ligand.
A multisubunit ring-shaped complex that mediates protein folding in the cytosol without a cofactor.
An iron-containing, oxygen carrying complex. In vertebrates it is made up of two pairs of associated globin polypeptide chains, each chain carrying a noncovalently bound heme prosthetic group.
Any of a family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding and hydrolyzing proteins; they belong to a superfamily of GTPases that includes monomeric proteins such as EF-Tu and RAS. Heterotrimeric G-proteins consist of three subunits; the alpha subunit contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and possesses GTPase activity; the beta and gamma subunits are tightly associated and function as a beta-gamma heterodimer; extrinsic plasma membrane proteins (cytoplasmic face) that function as a complex to transduce signals from G protein-coupled receptors to an effector protein.
A multienzyme complex that catalyses the synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl CoA.
cytosolic type I fatty acid synthase complex
holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase complex
A protein complex that possesses fatty-acyl-CoA synthase activity.
OBSOLETE. A large multisubunit protease found in the cytosol that recognizes, unfolds, and digests protein substrates that have been marked for degradation by the attachment of a ubiquitin group. Individual subcomplexes of the complete 26S proteasome are involved in these different tasks: the ATP-dependent 19S caps are believed to unfold substrates and feed them to the actual protease, the 20S proteasome.
A multisubunit complex, which caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex. This complex recognizes and unfolds ubiquitinated proteins, and translocates them to the proteasome core complex.
A multisubunit barrel shaped endoprotease complex, which is the core of the proteasome complex.
An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.
A multiribosomal structure representing a linear array of ribosomes held together by messenger RNA. They represent the active complexes in cellular protein synthesis and are able to incorporate amino acids into polypeptides both in vivo and in vitro.
Any protein complex that binds to an mRNA cap at any time in the lifetime of the mRNA.
A conserved heterodimeric protein complex that binds to the 5' terminal cap structure m7G(5')ppp(5')N of nascent eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcripts such as pre-mRNA and U snRNA. The consists of proteins known as CBP20 and CBP80, binds to cap structures in the nucleus, and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing, 3'-end formation, and RNA nuclear export.
mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor complex
A multisubunit complex that binds to the canonical AAUAAA hexamer and to U-rich upstream sequence elements on the pre-mRNA, thereby stimulating the otherwise weakly active and nonspecific polymerase to elongate efficiently RNAs containing a poly(A) signal.
cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
mRNA cleavage stimulating factor complex
A protein complex required for mRNA cleavage but not for poly(A) addition.
Any macromolecular complex involved in cleavage or polyadenylation of mRNA molecules.
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex
Complex of three heterogeneous polypeptide chains, that form a ternary complex with initiator methionyl-tRNA and GTP. This ternary complex binds to free 40S subunit, which subsequently binds the 5' end of mRNA.
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex
A multisubunit guanine nucleotide exchange factor which catalyzes the exchange of GDP bound to initiation factor eIF2 for GTP, generating active eIF2-GTP. In humans, it is composed of five subunits, alpha, beta, delta, gamma and epsilon.
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex
A complex of several polypeptides that plays at least two important roles in protein synthesis: First, eIF3 binds to the 40S ribosome and facilitates loading of the Met-tRNA/eIF2.GTP ternary complex to form the 43S preinitiation complex. Subsequently, eIF3 apparently assists eIF4 in recruiting mRNAs to the 43S complex. The eIF3 complex contains five conserved core subunits, and may contain several additional proteins; the non-core subunits are thought to mediate association of the complex with specific sets of mRNAs.
eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 complex
A multisubunit nucleotide exchange complex that binds GTP and aminoacyl-tRNAs, and catalyzes their codon-dependent placement at the A-site of the ribosome. In humans, the complex is composed of four subunits, alpha, beta, delta and gamma.
A heterodimeric protein complex that can reversibly bind to ribosomes, and is located in direct proximity to newly synthesized polypeptide chains as they emerge from the ribosome.
A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
A dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella; the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion.
axonemal dynein intermediate light chain
A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type.
A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction.
A form of the tropomyosin dimer found associated with actin and the troponin complex in muscle thin filaments.
Bipolar filaments formed of polymers of a muscle-specific myosin II isoform, found in the middle of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
Any dynein complex with a homodimeric dynein heavy chain core that catalyzes movement along a microtubule. Cytoplasmic dynein complexes participate in many cytoplasmic transport activities in eukaryotes, such as mRNA localization, intermediate filament transport, nuclear envelope breakdown, apoptosis, transport of centrosomal proteins, mitotic spindle assembly, virus transport, kinetochore functions, and movement of signaling and spindle checkpoint proteins. Some complexes participate in intraflagellar transport. Subunits associated with the dynein heavy chain mediate association between dynein heavy chain and cargoes, and may include light chains and light intermediate chains.
cytoplasmic dynein intermediate light chain
A 20S multiprotein assembly of total mass about 1.2 MDa that activates dynein-based activity in vivo. A large structural component of the complex is an actin-like 40 nm filament composed of actin-related protein, to which other components attach.
actin capping protein of dynactin complex
A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, nucleates the polymerization of actin monomers but does not sever actin filaments, and which is a part of the dynactin complex.
Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily, a group of related proteins that contain an extended region of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil in the main chain that likely produces dimerization. The native complexes of several kinesin family members have also been shown to contain additional peptides, often designated light chains as all of the noncatalytic subunits that are currently known are smaller than the chain that contains the motor unit. Kinesin complexes generally possess a force-generating enzymatic activity, or motor, which converts the free energy of the gamma phosphate bond of ATP into mechanical work.
Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the minus end of a microtubule.
Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the plus end of a microtubule.
Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle.
Any multimeric complex connected to a microtubule.
Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.
A microtubule in the axoneme of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules, which may or may not surround a pair of single microtubules.
Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell.
Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell.
non-spindle-associated astral microtubule
A cytoskeletal structure that forms a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space. Intermediate filaments may be divided into five chemically distinct classes: Type I, acidic keratins; Type II, basic keratins; Type III, including desmin, vimentin and others; Type IV, neurofilaments and related filaments; and Type V, lamins.
intermediate filament associated protein
type II intermediate filament associated protein
type I intermediate filament associated protein
A type of intermediate filament found in the core of neuronal axons. Neurofilaments are heteropolymers composed of three type IV polypeptides: NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H (for low, middle, and high molecular weight). Neurofilaments are responsible for the radial growth of an axon and determine axonal diameter.
A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane.
A stable protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5), and functions in the nucleation of branched actin filaments.
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
obsolete proteoglycan integral to plasma membrane
OBSOLETE. Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane and consisting of proteoglycan. Also refers to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
potassium:proton exchanging ATPase complex
A protein complex that possesses hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity; characterized in animal cells, where it maintains ionic gradients of K+ at the expense of ATP hydrolysis; The complex contains two obligatory subunits, the catalytic alpha subunit and a glycosylated beta subunit; two additional subunits, gamma and channel-inducing factor (CHIF), may also be present.
hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase complex
hydrogen/potassium-exchanging ATPase complex
sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase complex
Sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPases are tetrameric proteins, consisting of two large alpha subunits and two smaller beta subunits. The alpha subunits bear the active site and penetrate the membrane, while the beta subunits carry oligosaccharide groups and face the cell exterior.
sodium/potassium-exchanging ATPase complex
A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may pass in response to changes in membrane potential.
voltage-dependent calcium channel complex
voltage-sensitive calcium channel complex
A homo- or hetero-pentameric protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which ions may pass in response to acetylcholine binding.
nicotinic acetylcholine-gated receptor-channel complex
A protein complex that binds interleukin-2; comprises alpha, beta, and gamma subunits.
A protein complex that binds interleukin-3; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-3 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-5.
A protein complex that binds interleukin-3; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-5 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3.
A hexameric protein complex consisting of two molecules each of interleukin-6, interleukin-6 receptor alpha chain, and gp-130.
A protein complex that binds interleukin-9; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-9 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for several other interleukins.
A protein complex that binds interleukin-13; consists of two chains, interleukin-13 receptor alpha1 chain and interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain.
A disulfide-bonded, heterotetrameric receptor complex. The alpha chains are entirely extracellular, while each beta chain has one transmembrane domain. The ligand binds to the alpha subunit extracellular domain and the kinase is associated with the beta subunit intracellular domain.
A heterodimeric receptor for the cytokine oncostatin-M (OSM). In humans the receptor complex is made up of the gene products gp130 and OSMR-beta.
A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm.
Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells.
The dense covering of microvilli on the apical surface of an epithelial cell in tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and choroid plexus; the microvilli aid absorption by increasing the surface area of the cell.
A part of the endomembrane system in the form of an invagination of a membrane upon which a clathrin coat forms, and that can be converted by vesicle budding into a clathrin-coated vesicle. Coated pits form on the plasma membrane, where they are involved in receptor-mediated selective transport of many proteins and other macromolecules across the cell membrane, in the trans-Golgi network, and on some endosomes.
A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells of an organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic intercellular bridges, such as ring canals in insects.
A cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex. The epithelial cadherins, or E-cadherins, of each interacting cell extend through the plasma membrane into the extracellular space and bind to each other. The E-cadherins bind to catenins on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, where the E-cadherin-catenin complex binds to cytoskeletal components and regulatory and signaling molecules.
A small cell-cell adherens junction assembled during the cellularization stage of insect embyrogenesis; spot adherens junctions later fuse to form the zonula adherens.
A cell-cell adherens junction which forms a continuous belt near the apex of epithelial cells.
A cell-cell junction that contains the transmembrane protein N-cadherin, which interacts with identical molecules from neighbouring cells to form a tight mechanical intercellular link; forms a large portion of the intercalated disc, the structure at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes.
A specialized cell-cell junction found between nephrocytes of the insect kidney, which is adapted for filtration of hemolymph. The insect nephrocyte is anatomically and functionally similar to the glomerular podocyte of vertebrates.
A cell-cell junction that forms a continuous band around each cell in an epithelium; within the septate junction the membranes of adjacent cells maintain a constant distance of approximately 15 nm; found in arthropods.
A septate junction in which regular arrays of electron-dense septae span the intermembrane space.
A septate junction that lacks the regular arrays of electron-dense septae found in pleated septate junctions.
A cell-cell junction composed of pannexins or innexins and connexins, two different families of channel-forming proteins.
An assembly of six molecules of connexin, made in the Golgi apparatus and subsequently transported to the plasma membrane, where docking of two connexons on apposed plasma membranes across the extracellular space forms a gap junction.
An occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet; the outer leaflets of the two interacting plasma membranes are seen to be tightly apposed where sealing strands are present. Each sealing strand is composed of a long row of transmembrane adhesion proteins embedded in each of the two interacting plasma membranes.
obsolete cell-substrate adherens junction
OBSOLETE. An adherens junction which connects a cell to the extracellular matrix.
A cell-substrate junction that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments. In insects focal adhesion has also been referred to as hemi-adherens junction (HAJ).
A cell-substrate junction found at the terminal anchorage site of skeletal muscle cells to tendons.
OBSOLETE. A cell-substrate adherens junction found in the apical region of a cell, such as those found in cuticle-secreting epithelia, which connect the apical membrane to the cuticle.
A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.
The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
A protein complex found in the axoneme of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. It forms interconnections between the microtubule outer doublets that surround the inner central pair of microtubules.
A protuberance from a cell of an organism that reproduces by budding, which will grow larger and become a separate daughter cell after nuclear division, cytokinesis, and cell wall formation (when appropriate). The daughter cell may completely separate from the mother cell, or the mother and daughter cells may remain associated.
The end of a cellular bud distal to the site of attachment to the mother cell.
The constriction between the mother cell and daughter cell (bud) in an organism that reproduces by budding.
OBSOLETE. The characteristic projection formed in response to mating pheromone by cells of Saccharomyces and other fungi with similar life cycles. Named after the Al Capp cartoon character, whose shape it resembles.
The projection formed by unicellular fungi in response to mating pheromone.
The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament-forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. This type of septin structure is observed at the bud neck of budding fungal cells, at the site of cell division in animal cells, at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection, and also within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form.
OBSOLETE. Used as a holding place for cellular components whose precise localization is, as yet, unknown, or has not been determined by GO (the latter is the major reason for nodes to have this parent); this term should not be used for annotation of gene products.
A protein complex capable of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and containing subunits of any phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme. These complexes are divided in three classes (called I, II and III) that differ for their presence across taxonomic groups and for the type of their constituents. Catalytic subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymes are present in all 3 classes; regulatory subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymes are present in classes I and III; adaptor proteins have been observed in class II complexes and may be present in other classes too.
PI3-kinase p85-subunit alpha- PI3-kinase p110 complex
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IA
A class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit and an associated SH2 domain-containing regulatory subunit that is a member of a family of related proteins often called p85 proteins. Through the interaction with the SH2-containing adaptor subunits, Class IA PI3K catalytic subunits are linked to tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.
1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, class IA complex
1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase, class IA complex
phosphoinositide 3-kinase complex, class IA
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IB
A class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit and an associated regulatory subunit that is larger than, and unrelated to, the p85 proteins present in class IA complexes. Class IB PI3Ks are stimulated by G-proteins and do not interact with the SH2-domain containing adaptors that bind to Class IA PI3Ks.
1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, class IB complex
1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase, class IB complex
phosphoinositide 3-kinase complex, class IB
A protein complex that possesses 6-phosphofructokinase activity; homodimeric, homooctameric, and allosteric homotetrameric forms are known.
alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase complex (UDP-forming)
A protein complex that possesses alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) and trehalose-phosphatase activities, and thus catalyzes two reactions in trehalose biosynthesis. In the complex identified in Saccharomyces, Tps1p has alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity, Tps2p has trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase activity; Tps3p is a regulatory subunit, and an additional subunit, Tsl1p, may be present.
trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase
UDP-glucose-glucosephosphate glucosyltransferase complex
mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
Mitochondrial complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.
A dimeric (a large and a small chain) or tetrameric (two large and two small chains) enzyme complex. Catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from pyruvate.
obsolete aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase complex
OBSOLETE. A heterodimeric enzyme composed of an alpha and beta subunit. Catalyzes the formation of L-2-aminoadipate from L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde.
A heterotetrameric enzyme complex made up of two components I and two components II. Catalyzes the formation of anthranilate, pyruvate and L-glutamate from chorismate and L-glutamine.
A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate; comprises a small subunit that binds and cleaves glutamine, and a large subunit that accepts the ammonia group cleaved from glutamine, binds all of the remaining substrates and effectors, and carries out all of the other catalytic events.
arginine-specific carbamoyl phosphate synthetase complex
carbamoyl-phosphate synthase arginine-specific complex
An enzyme complex, composed of regulatory and catalytic subunits, that catalyzes protein phosphorylation. Inactive forms of the enzyme have two regulatory chains and two catalytic chains; activation by cAMP produces two active catalytic monomers and a regulatory dimer.
3',5' cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex
3',5'-cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex
adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate-dependent protein kinase complex
cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase complex
CAAX-protein geranylgeranyltransferase complex
A heterodimeric enzyme, composed of an alpha and a beta subunit. Participates in the post-translational C-terminal modification of several small GTPases, allowing their targeting to the membrane.
calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase complex
An enzyme complex which in eukaryotes is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The different isoforms assemble into homo- or heteromultimeric holoenzymes composed of 8 to 12 subunits. Catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins to O-phosphoproteins.
calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase complex
A heterodimeric calcium ion and calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase composed of catalytic and regulatory subunits; the regulatory subunit is very similar in sequence to calmodulin.
calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex
A protein complex that possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and contains two catalytic alpha subunits and two regulatory beta subunits. Protein kinase CK2 complexes are found in nearly every subcellular compartment, and can phosphorylate many protein substrates in addition to casein.
DNA-dependent protein kinase-DNA ligase 4 complex
A large protein complex which is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku, the nuclear phosphoprotein XRCC4 or a homolog thereof, and DNA ligase IV.
A protein complex that catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine. In E. coli, it has four components: dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), lipoyl-GcvH-protein and aminomethyltransferase, also known as L, P, H, and T.
glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) complex
glycine dehydrogenase complex (decarboxylating)
mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+)
Mitochondrial complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.
magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex
An intracellular enzyme complex that catalyzes the removal of serine- or threonine-bound phosphate groups from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes that have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase.
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphorylase b to form phosphorylase a.
A protein complex that possesses protein farnesyltransferase activity.
obsolete cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase complex
OBSOLETE. An enzyme complex that catalyzes the hydrolysis of bonds in a cyclic nucleotide.
mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA in eukaryotes; includes subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The This Eukaryotic form usually contains more subunits than its bacterial counterpart; for example, one known complex contains 30 E1 dimers, 60 E2 monomers, and 6 E3 dimers as well as a few copies of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase.
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (lipoamide)
Rab-protein geranylgeranyltransferase complex
An protein-containing complex which catalyzes of the transfer of a geranyl-geranyl group from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to a Rab protein. In mammals it is composed of an alpha and a beta subunit, and associates with an accessory protein Rep (Rab escort protein).
serine-pyruvate aminotransferase complex
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of hydroxypyruvate and alanine from serine and pyruvate.
serine-pyruvate aminotransferase, type 1 complex
serine-pyruvate aminotransferase, type 2B complex
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase complex
An enzyme complex composed of 2-4 or more subunits, which usually contains nonheme iron and requires ATP for catalysis. Catalyzes the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate from ribonucleoside diphosphate, using either thioredoxin disulfide or glutaredoxin disulfide as an acceptor.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
multicellular organismal polysaccharide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.
regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.
regulation of glycogen catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants. It is a glucan consisting of two components, amylose and amylopectin, which are both glucose homopolymers. Starch is synthesized as a temporary storage form of carbon and can be catabolized to produce sucrose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any disaccharide, sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving melibiose, the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melibiose, the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 6-phosphate, also known as F6P. The D-enantiomer is an important intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fructose metabolism.
fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The D enantiomer is an important regulator of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. It inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and activates phosphofructokinase.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fucose, or 6-deoxygalactose, which has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-fucose (6-deoxy-L-galactose).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
The process of introducing a phosphate group into glucose 1-phosphate to produce glucose bisphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-ribose (ribo-pentose). As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose group of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12.
5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.
5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthesis
5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate biosynthesis
5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate biosynthetic process
2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.
deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.
deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate biosynthesis
2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.
deoxyribose 1-phosphate catabolic process
The process of introducing a phosphate group into deoxyribose 5-phosphate to produce deoxyribose bisphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars.
galactosaminoglycan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.
beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process
beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.
beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis
beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.
beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine catabolic process
beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine catabolism
A process in which chitin is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of chitin localization
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.
N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose.
N-acetylmannosamine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate, a substance composed of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mannoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mannoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mannoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
sugar alcohol (hexitol) metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving uronic acid, any monocarboxylic acid formally derived by oxidizing to a carboxyl group the terminal hydroxymethylene group of either an aldose with four or more carbon atoms in the molecule, or of any glycoside derived from such an aldose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronate, any salt or ester of glucuronic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.
An ethanol metabolic process in which ethanol is converted to acetyl-CoA via acetaldehyde and acetate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
obsolete cellular glucan metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.
(1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->6)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->6)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.
(1->6)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mannan backbone composed of D-mannose unites, substituted with D-glucose and/or D-galactose units.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated.
acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactate, the anion of lactic acid.
alpha-hydroxypropionate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.
generation of precursor metabolites and energy
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules.
A modification of the TCA cycle occurring in some plants and microorganisms, in which isocitrate is cleaved to glyoxylate and succinate. Glyoxylate can then react with acetyl-CoA to form malate.
The metabolic process in which glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and ribulose 5-phosphate, coupled to reduction of NADP+ to NADPH; ribulose 5-P then enters a series of reactions that can yield biosynthetic precursors (ribose-5-phosphate and erythrose-4-phosphate) and glycolytic intermediates (fructose-6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate).
A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle.
obsolete tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate. Citrate is widely distributed in nature and is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isocitrate, the anion of isocitric acid, 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid. Isocitrate is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glycoxylate cycle.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxoglutarate, the dianion of 2-oxoglutaric acid. It is a key constituent of the TCA cycle and a key intermediate in amino-acid metabolism.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinyl-CoA, a compound composed of the monovalent acyl group 3-carboxypropanoyl, derived from succinic acid by loss of one OH group, linked to coenzyme A.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinate, also known as butanedioate or ethane dicarboxylate, the dianion of succinic acid. Succinate is an important intermediate in metabolism and a component of the TCA cycle.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumarate, the anion of trans-1,2-ethenedicarboxylic acid, the diastereoisomer of maleate. It is a key intermediate in metabolism and is formed in the TCA cycle from succinate and converted into malate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, an important intermediate in metabolism, especially as a component of the TCA cycle.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving malate, the anion of hydroxybutanedioic acid, a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.
regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
regulation of glycolysis involved in cellular glucose homeostasis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.
regulation of gluconeogenesis involved in cellular glucose homeostasis
regulation of glucose biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen.
The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, coupling the oxidation and reduction of NAD/H and the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.
A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, to the oxidized form, NAD+.
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenation
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol.
OBSOLETE. The transport of electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor.
The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.
mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
The transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation.
oxidative phosphorylation, NADH to ubiquinone
mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to ubiquinone
The transfer of electrons from succinate to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex II.
mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to coenzyme Q
oxidative phosphorylation, succinate to ubiquinone
mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c
The transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex III.
complex III (ubiquinone to cytochrome c)
mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen
The transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex IV.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferredoxin, any simple, nonenzymatic iron-sulfur protein that is characterized by having equal numbers of atoms of iron and labile sulfur. Iron and sulfur atoms are present in one or two clusters of two or four atoms of each.
obsolete other pathways of electron transport
The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise glycerol 3-phosphate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) using FAD; DHAP then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.
obsolete 6-phosphofructokinase reduction
obsolete 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate oxidation
nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process
Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process
regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.
regulation of purine nucleobase metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving purines.
regulation of purine base metabolic process
regulation of pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleobases.
regulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
regulation of pyrimidine base metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the 5 main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
obsolete deoxyadenosine deaminase reaction
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.
obsolete purine/pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate reduction
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
obsolete nucleoside diphosphate phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group into a nucleoside diphosphate to produce a nucleoside triphosphate.
Any process which produces a purine nucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.
Any process that generates adenine, 6-aminopurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
adenine, hypoxanthine and their nucleoside salvage
Any process that generates adenosine, adenine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate biosynthesis
adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group into dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate, to produce dATP.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including ADP, adenosine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.
Any process that generates guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
guanine, xanthine and their nucleoside salvage
Any process that generates guanosine, guanine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
Any process that generates deoxyguanosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group into dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, to produce dGTP.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, deoxyguanosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including gGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate, by the stepwise assembly of a purine ring on ribose 5-phosphate.
Any process that generates inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
Any process that generates deoxyinosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group into IDP, inosine (5'-)diphosphate, to produce ITP.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ITP, inosine (5'-)triphosphate.
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group into dIDP, deoxyinosine diphosphate, to produce dITP.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate catabolic process
adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate catabolism
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including inosine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including guanine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of IMP, inosine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.
'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases, beginning with the synthesis of a pyrimidine ring from simpler precursors.
'de novo' pyrimidine base biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyuridine, 2-deoxyribosyluracil, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate.
Any process that generates uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUMP, deoxyuridine monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUDP, deoxyuridine diphosphate (2'-deoxy-5'-uridylyl phosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine5'-diphosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.
Any process that generates cytidine, cytosine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
Any process that generates deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
Any process that generates CMP, cytidine monophosphate, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
Any process that generates dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CMP, cytidine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUDP, deoxyuridine (5'-)diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides.
The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by the origin recognition complex, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.
A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands.
The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion.
The process in which a transformation is induced in the topological structure of a double-stranded DNA helix, resulting in a change in linking number.
The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
pre-replicative complex assembly involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the nuclear pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the eukaryotic DNA replication origin and is required for replication initiation.
nuclear pre-replicative complex assembly
DNA unwinding involved in DNA replication
The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating unpaired template strands for DNA replication.
DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer
The synthesis of a short RNA polymer, usually 4-15 nucleotides long, using one strand of unwound DNA as a template; the RNA then serves as a primer from which DNA polymerases extend synthesis.
The process in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; it begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by the origin recognition complex, followed by DNA unwinding.
DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation
DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication
The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication.
DNA strand elongation during DNA replication
The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended continuously in a 5' to 3' direction by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication. Leading strand elongation proceeds in the same direction as the replication fork.
The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended in a net 3' to 5' direction by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication. Lagging strand DNA elongation proceeds by discontinuous synthesis of short stretches of DNA, known as Okazaki fragments, from RNA primers; these fragments are then joined by DNA ligase. Although each segment of nascent DNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, the overall direction of lagging strand synthesis is 3' to 5', mirroring the progress of the replication fork.
The process in which DNA replication at a replication fork ceases; occurs when the replication fork reaches a specific termination site or when two replication forks meet.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
The maintenance of the integrity of extrachromosomal plasmid DNA; includes processes that ensure plasmids are retained in the daughter cells after cell division.
The process in which the number of copies of a gene is increased in certain cells as extra copies of DNA are made in response to certain signals of cell development or of stress from the environment.
A DNA biosynthetic process that uses RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strand.
The replication of DNA that precedes meiotic cell division.
DNA replication during S phase involved in meiotic cell cycle
DNA replication involved in S phase involved in meiotic cell cycle
DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in meiotic cell cycle
meiotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in meiotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. The process by which genetic material undergoes a detectable and heritable structural change. There are three categories of mutation: genome mutations, involving addition or subtraction of one or more whole chromosomes; chromosome mutations, which alter the structure of chromosomes; and gene mutations, where the structure of a gene is altered at the molecular level.
The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair
The nucleotide-excision repair process that carries out preferential repair of DNA lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex. In addition, the transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair pathway is required for the recognition and repair of a small subset of lesions that are not recognized by the global genome nucleotide excision repair pathway.
In base excision repair, an altered base is removed by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.
The formation of an AP site, a deoxyribose sugar with a missing base, by DNA glycosylase which recognizes an altered base in DNA and catalyzes its hydrolytic removal. This sugar phosphate is the substrate recognized by the AP endonuclease, which cuts the DNA phosphodiester backbone at the 5' side of the altered site to leave a gap which is subsequently repaired.
obsolete base-excision repair, base-free sugar-phosphate removal
OBSOLETE. Excision of the sugar phosphate residue at an AP site, i.e. a deoxyribose sugar with a missing base, by a phosphodiesterase enzyme.
Repair of the damaged strand by the combined action of an apurinic endouclease that degrades a few bases on the damaged strand and a polymerase that synthesizes a 'patch' in the 5' to 3' direction, using the undamaged strand as a template.
The ligation by DNA ligase of DNA strands. Ligation occurs after polymerase action to fill the gap left by the action of endonucleases during base-excision repair.
A DNA repair process in which a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Nucleotide excision repair recognizes a wide range of substrates, including damage caused by UV irradiation (pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) and chemicals (intrastrand cross-links and bulky adducts).
pyrimidine-dimer repair, DNA damage excision
The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers.
obsolete pyrimidine-dimer repair, DNA damage excision
OBSOLETE. The excision of damaged DNA during pyrimidine-dimer repair. A large multienzyme complex scans the DNA for a distortion in the double helix rather than for a specific base change. Once a bulky lesion is found, the phosphodiester backbone of the abnormal strand is cleaved on both sides of the distortion, and the portion of the strand containing the lesion (an oligonucleotide) is peeled away from the DNA double helix by a DNA helicase enzyme.
obsolete pyrimidine-dimer repair, DNA damage recognition
OBSOLETE. The location of pyrimidine dimers by a large multienzyme complex that scans the DNA for distortions in the double helix caused by pyrimidine dimers.
nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex stabilization
The stabilization of the multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage as well as the unwound DNA. The stabilization of the protein-DNA complex ensures proper positioning of the preincision complex before the phosphodiester backbone of the damaged strand is cleaved 3' and 5' of the site of DNA damage.
nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage. This assembly occurs before the phosphodiester backbone of the damaged strand is cleaved 3' and 5' of the site of DNA damage.
nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex formation
obsolete nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 3'-to lesion
OBSOLETE. The endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA 3' to the site of damage. The incision occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound. The incision precedes the incision formed 5' to the site of damage.
obsolete nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 5'-to lesion
OBSOLETE. The endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA 5' to the site of damage. The incision occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound. The incision follows the incision formed 3' to the site of damage.
nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling
Repair of the gap in the DNA helix by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase after the portion of the strand containing the lesion has been removed by pyrimidine-dimer repair enzymes.
A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination.
obsolete short patch mismatch repair system
OBSOLETE. The repair of mismatched DNA where the gap to be repaired is only one nucleotide. DNA polymerase is the preferred polymerase in short patch repair, performing gap filling DNA synthesis and removal of the 5'-deoxyribose phosphate of the abasic site.
The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication. Includes pathways that remove replication-blocking lesions in conjunction with DNA replication.
The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining
The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. This term covers instances of separate pathways, called classical (or canonical) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ and A-NHEJ). These in turn may further branch into sub-pathways, but evidence is still unclear.
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotide sites in DNA, resulting in a change in its properties.
The addition of alkyl groups to many positions on all four bases of DNA. Alkylating agents can also modify the bases of incoming nucleotides in the course of DNA synthesis.
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.
The repair of alkylation damage, e.g. the removal of the alkyl group at the O6-position of guanine by O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT).
The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the breakdown of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one.
The cleavage of DNA during apoptosis, which usually occurs in two stages: cleavage into fragments of about 50 kbp followed by cleavage between nucleosomes to yield 200 bp fragments.
DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change
endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis
Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.
The cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another. It often occurs in association with general genetic recombination events, and is believed to be a straightforward consequence of the mechanisms of general recombination and DNA repair. For example, meiosis might yield three copies of the maternal version of an allele and only one copy of the paternal allele, indicating that one of the two copies of the paternal allele has been changed to a copy of the maternal allele.
gene conversion without reciprocal crossover
The exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between one DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region that occurs during mitotic cell cycles.
A type of transposition in which a transposable element (transposon) is moved to another part of a genome, either by a cut-and-paste mechanism or a replicative mechanism.
Lateral transfer of an intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron.
Lateral transfer of a group II intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron; group II introns are self-splicing introns with a conserved secondary structure.
Lateral transfer of a group I intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron; group I introns are self-splicing introns that use guanosine as a cofactor in the splicing reaction.
obsolete S phase-specific histone modification
OBSOLETE. The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a histone protein that takes place during, and results in a modification pattern characteristic of, S phase of the cell cycle.
The assembly or remodeling of chromatin composed of DNA complexed with histones, other associated proteins, and sometimes RNA.
DNA replication-independent chromatin assembly
DNA replication-independent chromatin organization
DNA replication-independent nucleosome organisation
DNA replication-independent nuclesome assembly
establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
transcription-coupled nucleosome assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.
DNA replication-dependent chromatin assembly
The formation of nucleosomes on newly synthesized DNA, coupled to strand elongation.
DNA replication-dependent chromatin organization
DNA replication-dependent nucleosome assembly
DNA replication-dependent nucleosome organisation
DNA replication-dependent nucleosome organization
The controlled breakdown of nucleosomes, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.
A dynamic process of chromatin reorganization resulting in changes to chromatin structure. These changes allow DNA metabolic processes such as transcriptional regulation, DNA recombination, DNA repair, and DNA replication.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription of homeotic gene (trithorax group)
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of homeotic genes of the trithorax group.
obsolete negative regulation of transcription of homeotic gene (Polycomb group)
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of homeotic genes of the Polycomb group.
obsolete chromatin insulator sequence binding
DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin formation
Repression of transcription by methylation of DNA, leading to the formation of heterochromatin.
DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin assembly
methylation-dependent chromatin silencing
methylation-dependent heterochromatic silencing
regulation of gene expression by genomic imprinting
An epigenetic mechanism of regulation of gene expression in which epigenetic modifications (imprints) are established during gametogenesis. For a given gene to show parentally biased expression, the imprint are established exclusively in one of the two parental genomes, thus generating an asymmetry between the maternal and paternal alleles.
regulation of gene expression by DNA imprinting
regulation of gene expression by genetic imprinting
The synthesis of an RNA transcript from a DNA template.
transcription from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
The initial step of transcription, consisting of the assembly of the RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) at a gene promoter, as well as the formation of the first few bonds of the RNA transcript. Transcription initiation includes abortive initiation events, which occur when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released, and ends when promoter clearance takes place.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex assembly at promoter
initiation of DNA-dependent transcription
initiation of transcription, DNA-dependent
transcription initiation factor activity
transcription initiation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
The completion of transcription: the RNA polymerase pauses, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, followed by the release of the RNA polymerase from its DNA template.
DNA-dependent transcription, termination
DNA-templated transcription, termination
termination of DNA-dependent transcription
termination of transcription, DNA-dependent
transcription termination, DNA-dependent
transcription termination factor activity
transcription termination from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by an RNA polymerase.
RNA elongation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
transcriptional elongation, DNA-dependent
transcription elongation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
regulation of DNA-templated transcription
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent
regulation of gene-specific transcription
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I.
regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.
global transcription regulation from Pol II promoter
regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter
regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA ploymerase III.
regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase I (RNAP I), originating at an RNAP I promoter.
RNA polymerase I transcription factor activity
transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
transcription initiation at RNA polymerase I promoter
A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase I gene promoter. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase I.
transcription initiation from Pol I promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript
transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I
The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase I specific promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase I.
RNA polymerase I transcription elongation factor activity
transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter
transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript
termination of RNA polymerase I transcription
A transcription termination process that completes the production of a ribosomal RNA transcript. RNAP I termination requires binding of a terminator protein to specific sequences downstream of the transcription unit.
RNA polymerase I transcription termination
RNA polymerase I transcription termination factor activity
termination of RNA polymerase I transcription from promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript
transcription termination from Pol I promoter
transcription termination from RNA polymerase I promoter
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into one or more mature rRNA molecules.
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).
general transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter
A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase II gene promoter. Messenger RNAs (mRNA) genes, as well as some non-coding RNAs, are transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
transcription initiation from Pol II promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II
The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase II promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
RNA polymerase II transcription elongation factor activity
transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II promoter
transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
termination of RNA polymerase II transcription
A transcription termination process that completes the production of a primary RNA polymerase II transcript.
RNA 3'-end formation by RNA polymerase II
RNA polymerase II transcription termination
RNA polymerase II transcription termination factor activity
transcription termination from Pol II promoter
transcription termination from RNA polymerase II promoter
Addition of the 7-methylguanosine cap to the 5' end of a nascent messenger RNA transcript.
OBSOLETE. The process in which excision of introns from the primary transcript of messenger RNA (mRNA) is followed by ligation of the two exon termini exposed by removal of each intron, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.
obsolete lariat formation, 5'-splice site cleavage
obsolete 3'-splice site cleavage, exon ligation
Selection of a splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome.
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-200 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA primary transcript.
Any process in which a pre-mRNA or mRNA molecule is cleaved at specific sites or in a regulated manner.
The conversion of an adenosine residue to inosine in an RNA molecule by deamination.
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at an RNAP III promoter.
RNA polymerase III transcription factor activity
transcription from a RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter
transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
transcription from RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter
transcription from RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter
transcription initiation at RNA polymerase III promoter
A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase III gene promoter. Transfer RNAs (tRNA) genes, as well as some other non-coding RNAs, are transcribed by RNA polymerase III.
transcription initiation from Pol III promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter
transcription elongation by RNA polymerase III
The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase III promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase III.
RNA polymerase III transcription elongation factor activity
transcription elongation by RNA polymerase III promoter
transcription elongation from RNA polymerase III promoter
termination of RNA polymerase III transcription
A transcription termination process that completes the production of a primary RNA polymerase II transcript. RNA polymerase III has an intrinsic ability to terminate transcription upon incorporation of at least 4 contiguous U residues.
RNA polymerase III transcription termination
RNA polymerase III transcription termination factor activity
transcription termination from Pol III promoter
transcription termination from RNA polymerase III promoter
OBSOLETE. The sequence of enzymatic reactions resulting in the addition of a cap to the 5' end of a nascent snRNA transcript.
tRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation
Splicing of tRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.
The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase.
transcription from mitochondrial promoter
transcription initiation at mitochondrial promoter
A transcription initiation process that takes place at a promoter on the mitochondrial chromosome.
transcription initiation from mitochondrial promoter
transcription elongation by mitochondrial RNA polymerase
The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at mitochondrial promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a mitchondrial RNA polymerase.
RNA elongation from mitochondrial promoter
transcription elongation from mitochondrial promoter
termination of mitochondrial transcription
A transcription termination process that completes the production of a primary mitochondrial transcript.
RNA transcription termination from mitochondrial promoter
Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules.
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide.
mRNA 3'-end processing by stem-loop binding and cleavage
Any mRNA 3'-end processing that involves the binding to and cleavage of a stem-loop structure. For example, histone mRNAs contain a highly conserved stem-loop sequence at the 3' end of the mRNA with a 6 base pairs (bp) stem and a 4-nt loop. The mRNA is cleaved between these two elements, after the fourth or fifth nucleotide, which is typically an adenosine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established.
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a tRNA molecule to produce a tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.
A process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of RNA localization
The import of RNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
The directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
mRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
The directed movement of rRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; the rRNA is usually in the form of ribonucleoproteins.
rRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
The directed movement of snRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
snRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
The directed movement of tRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
tRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
OBSOLETE. The cellular synthesis of DNA on a template of RNA.
The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA or circRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.
The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis.
The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.
tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation
The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA and the alpha carboxylic acid group of an amino acid, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis.
The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. The alanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetases. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an alanine accetping tRNA.
The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. The arginyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of an alanine accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.
The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. The asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an asparagine-accetping tRNA.
The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. The aspartyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an aspartic acid accetping tRNA.
The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. A cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a cysteine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.
The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. The glutamyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a glutamic acid-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.
The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. The glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a glutamine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.
The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. The glycyll-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a glycine-accepting tRNA.
The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. The histidyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3''-OH group of a histidine-accetping tRNA.
The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. The isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a isoleucine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.
The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. The leucyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a leucine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.
The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. The lysyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a lysine-accetping tRNA.
The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. The methionyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a methionine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.
The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. The phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. However, unlike other class II enzymes, The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a phenylalanine-accepting tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.
The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. The prolyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a methionine-accetping tRNA.
The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. The seryl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a serine-accetping tRNA.
The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. The threonyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a threonine-accetping tRNA.
The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. The tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a tryptophan-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.
The process of coupling tyrosine to tyrosyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. The tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a tyrosine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.
The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. The valyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a valine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.
obsolete aminoacyl-tRNA hydrolase reaction
OBSOLETE. Hydrolysis of the peptidyl-tRNA by aminoacyl-tRNA hydrolase upon termination of translation. Analogous to usual peptidyl transfer during elongation, except that the acceptor is H2O instead of an aminoacyl-tRNA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.
regulation of translational initiation by iron
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the translation of certain mRNAs involved in iron metabolism; regulated by the concentration of iron.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or accuracy of translational elongation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination.
Any process that modulates the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.
The continuation of translation beyond a stop codon by the use of a special tRNA that recognizes the UAG and UGA codons as modified amino acids, rather than as termination codons.
A mechanism whereby different proteins may result from a single mRNA molecule, due to a change in the parsing of three nucleotides per codon relative to an initiating AUG codon.
The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
The process of assisting in the folding of a nascent peptide chain into its correct tertiary structure.
obsolete peptidyl-prolyl isomerase B reaction
obsolete protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
steroid hormone receptor complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a steroid hormone receptor complex, an intracellular receptor that binds steroid hormones. The complex is often a dimer, and forms after the steroid has bound the receptor.
The proteolytic removal of a signal peptide from a protein during or after transport to a specific location in the cell.
obsolete protein disulfide-isomerase reaction
The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
negative regulation of protein kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
downregulation of protein kinase activity
down regulation of protein kinase activity
down-regulation of protein kinase activity
The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein.
OBSOLETE. The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.
The addition of an acetyl group to a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
N-terminal protein amino acid acetylation
The acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
The addition of an acetyl group to a non-terminal amino acid in a protein.
The removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
The addition of a sulfate group as an ester to a protein amino acid.
The sulfation of peptidyl-tyrosine residues to form peptidyl-O4'-sulfo-L-tyrosine.
The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.
N-terminal protein amino acid methylation
The methylation of the N-terminal amino acid of a protein.
The methylation of the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.
C-terminal protein amino acid methylation
The removal of a methyl group, from a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.
obsolete peptidyl-aspartic acid/asparagine hydroxylation
OBSOLETE. The hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid or asparagine.
obsolete protein cysteine-thiol oxidation
OBSOLETE. Oxidation of two cysteine sulfhydryl groups (thiols) in one protein by a disulfide bond in a second protein to form a disulfide bond in the first protein and two reduced sulfhydryls in the second. The oxidized cysteines linked by a disulfide bond is known as cystine.
A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.
A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine, the omega-N of arginine, or the N1' atom peptidyl-tryptophan.
protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation
dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide, usually by a stepwise addition of glycosyl chains to endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound dolichol-P.
dolichol-linked oligosaccharide anabolism
dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis
dolichol-linked oligosaccharide formation
dolichol-linked oligosaccharide synthesis
N-linked glycan precursor biosynthetic process
dolichyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative.
oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate, such as a molecule of dolichol-P-man or dolicol-P-Glc used in N-linked glycosylation.
oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate assembly
The conversion of N-linked glycan (N = nitrogen) structures from the initially transferred oligosaccharide to a mature form, by the actions of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. The early processing steps are conserved and play roles in glycoprotein folding and trafficking.
glycoprotein trimming involved in glycoprotein maturation
A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the hydroxyl group of peptidyl-serine, peptidyl-threonine, peptidyl-hydroxylysine, or peptidyl-hydroxyproline, or via the phenol group of peptidyl-tyrosine, forming an O-glycan.
protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation
obsolete protein amino acid terminal glycosylation
OBSOLETE. A protein amino acid glycosylation process in which a sugar unit is added to a free alpha-amino or alpha-carboxyl terminal of a peptide.
obsolete protein amino acid terminal N-glycosylation
OBSOLETE. The glycosylation of a nitrogen atom of a free alpha amino terminal of a peptide.
The covalent attachment of lipid groups to an amino acid in a protein.
The covalent attachment of a lipid group to the amino terminus of a protein.
The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.
The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.
The covalent attachment of a lipid group to the carboxy-terminus of a protein.
OBSOLETE. The covalent or non-covalent attachment of a prenyl group to the carboxy-terminus of a protein; geranyl, farnesyl, or geranylgeranyl groups may be added.
obsolete C-terminal protein farnesylation
OBSOLETE. The covalent or non-covalent attachment of a farnesyl group to the carboxy terminus of a protein.
obsolete C-terminal protein geranylgeranylation
OBSOLETE. The covalent or non-covalent attachment of a geranylgeranyl group to the carboxy-terminus of a protein.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, molecular mechanisms for attaching membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Structurally they consist of a molecule of phosphatidylinositol to which is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl of the inositol, a carbohydrate chain. This chain is in turn linked to the protein through an ethanolamine phosphate group, the amino group of which is in amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein chain, the phosphate group being esterified to the C-6 hydroxyl of the terminal mannose of the core carbohydrate chain.
glycosylphosphatidylinositol metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The phosphatidylinositol group is linked via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via an ethanolamine phosphate group, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GPI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage.
glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis
glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
The GPI anchor metabolic process that results in enzymatic cleavage of the anchor, releasing an anchored protein from the membrane.
The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds.
The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain).
OBSOLETE. The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the protein.
myofibrillar protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
myofibrillar protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
myofibrillar protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
myofibrillar protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
protein ubiquitinylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
protein ubiquitinylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
protein ubiquitylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
protein ubiquitylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
OBSOLETE. The cyclical process by which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to (ubiquitination) and removed from (deubiquitination) a protein.
Addition of a single ubiquitin group to a protein.
protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded or attenuated proteins.
degradation of misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins
misfolded or incompletely synthesized protein breakdown
misfolded or incompletely synthesized protein catabolic process
misfolded or incompletely synthesized protein catabolism
misfolded or incompletely synthesized protein degradation
protein quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.
cysteine biosynthetic process from serine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine from other compounds, including serine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.
glutamate biosynthesis, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)
glutamate biosynthetic process, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.
glutamate catabolic process via 2-oxoglutarate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-oxoglutarate.
glutamate catabolic process via 2-ketoglutarate
glutamate catabolic process via alpha-ketoglutarate
glutamate catabolic process via alpha-oxoglutarate
glutamate catabolism via 2-ketoglutarate
glutamate catabolism via alpha-ketoglutarate
glutamate catabolism via alpha-oxoglutarate
glutamate degradation via 2-oxoglutarate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of succinate from glutamate. Also known as GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate) shunt since it channels glutamate into the TCA cycle bypassing two steps of that cycle. There are three enzymes involved in the GABA shunt: glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA aminotransferase (GABA-TA), and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH). These three enzymes acting in concert to convert glutamate into succinate. The GABA shunt is predominantly associated with neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. It is also present in nonneuronal cells, in plants, in unicellular eukaryotes, and in prokaryotes.
degradation of glutamate to succinate through GABA
glutamate degradation via 4-aminobutyrate
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine, aminoethanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine, aminoethanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, aminoethanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
methionine and threonine metabolic process
S-adenosylmethionine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.
S-adenosyl methionine biosynthetic process
obsolete S-adenosylmethioninamine biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethioninamine, (5-deoxy-5-adenosyl)(3-aminopropyl) methylsulfonium salt.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-phenylalanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine, 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.
tryptophan catabolic process, using tryptophanase
tryptophan catabolism, using tryptophanase
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.
cellular modified amino acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
cellular amino acid derivative metabolic process
cellular amino acid derivative metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.
cellular biogenic amine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.
melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin from other compounds, including tyrosine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.
serotonin biosynthetic process from tryptophan
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation from tryptophan of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.
obsolete activation of tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity
OBSOLETE. The process in which the tryptophan 5-monooxygenase enzyme is changed so that it can carry out its enzymatic activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species.
The formation of either of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, mainly thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This is achieved by the iodination and joining of tyrosine molecules to form the precursor thyroglobin, proteolysis of this precursor gives rise to the thyroid hormones.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatine (N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine), a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of creatine, N-[amino(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycine. Creatine is formed by a process beginning with amidino group transfer from L-arginine to glycine to form guanidinoacetate, followed by methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to guanidinoacetate; it is then is phosphorylated to form a pool that stores high energy phosphate for the replenishment of ATP during periods of high, or fluctuating energy demand. In animals, most creatine is transported to and used in muscle.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine present in high concentration in striated muscle which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase to buffer ATP concentration. It acts as an immediate energy reserve for muscle.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphoarginine, a phosphagen of L-arginine with phosphoric acid containing the phosphoamide bond. It is a source of energy in the contraction of muscle in invertebrates, corresponding to phosphocreatine in the muscles of vertebrates.
The process of targeting specific proteins to particular regions of the cell, typically membrane-bounded subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif.
The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
establishment of protein localization to nucleus
protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
The directed movement of a protein bearing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear envelope.
NLS-bearing substrate import into cell nucleus
NLS-bearing substrate import into nucleus
NLS-bearing substrate transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
obsolete snRNP protein import into nucleus
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
obsolete mRNA-binding (hnRNP) protein import into nucleus
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
The directed movement of a ribosomal protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. At least some ribosomal proteins, including rpl12, uses the importin 11 pathway as a major route into the nucleus.
ribosomal protein import into cell nucleus
ribosomal protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
copper-induced protein export from nucleus
protein transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
The process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.
cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation. The transport of most secretory proteins, particularly those with more than 100 amino acids, into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen occurs in this manner, as does the import of some proteins into mitochondria.
cotranslational protein membrane targeting
cotranslational protein-membrane targeting
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation and is dependent upon two key components, the signal-recognition particle (SRP) and the SRP receptor. SRP is a cytosolic particle that transiently binds to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signal sequence in a nascent protein, to the large ribosomal unit, and to the SRP receptor in the ER membrane.
SRP-dependent cotranslational membrane targeting
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, docking
The process in which an SRP-bound ribosome forms a complex with the SRP receptor in the ER membrane, allowing the ribosome to bind to the membrane, during cotranslational membrane targeting.
protein docking during SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
SRP-dependent cotranslational membrane targeting, docking
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting, docking
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, translocation
The process during cotranslational membrane targeting wherein proteins move across a membrane. SRP and its receptor initiate the transfer of the nascent chain across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane; they then dissociate from the chain, which is transferred to a set of transmembrane proteins, collectively called the translocon. Once the nascent chain translocon complex is assembled, the elongating chain passes directly from the large ribosomal subunit into the centers of the translocon, a protein-lined channel within the membrane. The growing chain is never exposed to the cytosol and does not fold until it reaches the ER lumen.
SRP-dependent cotranslational membrane targeting, translocation
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting, translocation
translocation during SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence recognition
The process in which SRP binds to the signal peptide in a nascent protein, causing protein elongation to pause, during cotranslational membrane targeting.
signal sequence recognition during SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
SRP-dependent cotranslational membrane targeting, signal sequence recognition
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting, signal sequence recognition
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence processing
The removal of the signal peptide from a nascent protein during cotranslational membrane targeting.
signal sequence processing during SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
SRP-dependent cotranslational membrane targeting, signal sequence processing
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting, signal sequence processing
obsolete SRP-independent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting
OBSOLETE. The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation and is independent of SRP and signal recognition.
post-translational protein targeting to endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs after their translation. Some secretory proteins exhibit posttranslational transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen: they are synthesized in their entirety on free cytosolic ribosomes and then released into the cytosol, where they are bound by chaperones which keep them in an unfolded state, and subsequently are translocated across the ER membrane.
posttranslational endoplasmic reticulum membrane targeting
posttranslational endoplasmic reticulum protein-membrane targeting
posttranslational protein endoplasmic reticulum membrane targeting
posttranslational protein targeting to endoplasmic reticulum membrane
posttranslational protein targeting to ER membrane
SRP-independent endoplasmic reticulum protein-membrane targeting
The retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of soluble resident proteins. Sorting receptors retrieve proteins with ER localization signals, such as KDEL and HDEL sequences or some transmembrane domains, that have escaped to the cis-Golgi network and return them to the ER. Abnormally folded proteins and unassembled subunits are also selectively retained in the ER.
maintenance of protein location in ER lumen
The process of directing proteins towards the lysosome using signals contained within the protein.
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole, usually using signals contained within the protein.
Protein processing that takes place in the vacuole. Most protein processing in the vacuole represents proteolytic cleavage of precursors to form active enzymes.
The process of directing proteins towards the peroxisome, usually using signals contained within the protein.
The process of directing proteins towards and into the mitochondrion, usually mediated by mitochondrial proteins that recognize signals contained within the imported protein.
protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion
The cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins, usually near the N terminus, contributing to the process of import into the mitochondrion. Several different peptidases mediate cleavage of proteins destined for different mitochondrial compartments.
mitochondrial protein processing during import
OBSOLETE. The translocation of proteins across the mitochondrial membrane. In the presence of a translocating chain, the outer membrane import machinery (MOM complex) and the inner membrane import machinery (MIM complex) form translocation contact sites as a part of the membrane preprotein import machinery.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexadecanal, the C16 straight chain aldehyde.
A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. The three fatty acid residues may all be the same or differ in any permutation. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins.
The release of triglycerides, any triester of glycerol, from storage within cells or tissues, making them available for metabolism.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.
phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine (PMME), a derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine with a methylated amine group.
phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine anabolism
phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine biosynthesis
phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine formation
phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine synthesis
A phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process that proceeds via the enzymatic action of dihydrosphingosine phosphate lyase.
The transfer of a phospholipid from its site of synthesis to the plasma membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.
1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, the compounds most commonly designated lecithin.
1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.
phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol.
phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with the phosphorylation of choline and ends with the combination of CDP-choline with diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylcholine.
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from choline
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine. They are important constituents of cell membranes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.
phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.
platelet activating factor biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolipids, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). Some substances classified as bacterial glycolipids have the sugar group acylated by one or more fatty acids and the glycerol group may be absent.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-keto-sphinganine, a derivative of sphinganine with a ketone group at C3. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of sphingosine.
3-keto-dihydrosphingosine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.
sphinganine-1-phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.
dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate metabolic process
dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism
sphinganine-1-phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.
dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate biosynthesis
dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytosphingosine, (2S,3S,4R)-2-aminooctadecane-1,3,4-triol, a constituent of many plant sphingolipids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid.
inositol phosphoceramide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphoceramides, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group.
inositol phosphorylceramide metabolic process
mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group which contains a phosphoryl (-P(O)=) groups and a mannose derivative.
mannose-inositol-P-ceramide (MIPC) metabolic process
mannose-inositol-P-ceramide (MIPC) metabolism
mannose inositol phosphoceramide metabolic process
mannose inositol phosphoceramide metabolism
mannosyl-inositol-phosphorylceramide metabolism
mannosyl diphosphorylinositol ceramide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosyl diphosphorylinositol ceramide, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group which contains two phosphoryl (-P(O)=) groups and a mannose derivative.
mannosyl diphosphorylinositol ceramide metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group. They are neutral glycolipids containing equimolar amounts of fatty acid, glucose, and sphingosine or a sphingosine derivative.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine, any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of sphingosine is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxyl group of sphingosine is esterified to phosphorylcholine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosphingolipids, any compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ganglioside, a ceramide oligosaccharide carrying, in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostanoids, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects.
OBSOLETE. The covalent or conformational alteration of ecdysone, resulting in a change in its properties.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.
C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid compounds, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and including derivatives with various functional groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.
cuticle hydrocarbon biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrocarbons that make up the cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss.
cellular aromatic compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.
tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the transfer of one-carbon units in various oxidation states.
obsolete coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes and prosthetic groups.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
obsolete oxidoreduction coenzyme metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an oxidoreductase reaction to proceed.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADH by the reduction of NAD+.
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide regeneration
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; metabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.
NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolic process
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolism
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolic process
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolism
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolic process
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolism
A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADPH by the reduction of NADP+.
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate regeneration
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate biosynthesis
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate biosynthetic process
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate biosynthesis
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate biosynthetic process
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate biosynthesis
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; catabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate catabolic process
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate catabolism
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate catabolic process
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate catabolism
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate catabolic process
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate catabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide.
reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FAD, the oxidized form of flavin-adenine dinucleotide.
oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis
oxidized flavin-adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis
oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process
oxidized flavin-adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoamide, the functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
obsolete carbamoyl phosphate-ADP transphosphorylation
The process of introducing a phosphate group into AMP, adenosine monophosphate, to produce ADP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces ATP.
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group into ADP, adenosine diphosphate, to produce ATP.
folic acid-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a folic acid-containing compound, i.e. any of a group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.
folate-containing compound metabolic process
folic acid and derivative metabolic process
folic acid-containing compound metabolism
vitamin B9 and derivative metabolic process
vitamin M and derivative metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide, pyridine-3-carboxamide, the amide of nicotinic acid. It is a member of the B complex of vitamins and occurs widely in living organisms.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene.
Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
porphyrin-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrins consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.
porphyrin-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.
uroporphyrinogen III biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uroporphyrinogen III.
The chemical reactions that utilize succinyl-CoA in the synthesis of protoporphyrin IX.
biosynthesis of protoporphyrin IX via succinyl CoA
biosynthesis of protoporphyrin IX via succinyl-CoA
biosynthetic process of protoporphyrin IX via succinyl CoA
biosynthetic process of protoporphyrin IX via succinyl-CoA
protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme A, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme B, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme c, a derivative of heme found in cytochromes c, b4, and f.
porphyrin-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in heme.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bilirubin monoglucuronide or bilirubin diglucuronide, water-soluble derivatives of bilirubin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary sulfur sources and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary sulfur source and to transport and metabolize alternate sulfur sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects sulfur levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize sulfur-containing compounds, and ends when the sulfur is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4).
A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary phosphorus source and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary phosphorus source and to transport and metabolize alternative phosphorus sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects phosphorus levels, includes the phosphorus-containing substances, and ends when phosphorus is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorus utilization.
phosphate-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.
obsolete oxygen and reactive oxygen species metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving dioxygen (O2), or any of the reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (-OH).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species.
superoxide free radical metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The processes involved in the induction or activation of catalase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of H2O2 into H2O.
obsolete glutathione conjugation reaction
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein.
The directed movement of a monoatomic ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.
The directed movement of a monoatomic cation, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are positively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.
di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transport
The directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
low voltage-dependent potassium channel auxiliary protein activity
low voltage-gated potassium channel auxiliary protein activity
The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
sodium channel auxiliary protein activity
The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of a monoatomic anion, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic anions (also called simple anions) are negatively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.
The directed movement of chloride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of heavy metal ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Heavy metals are those that can form a coordination bond with a protein, as opposed to an alkali or alkaline-earth metal that can only form an ionic bond; this definition includes the following biologically relevant heavy metals: Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, W, Zn.
The directed movement of cobalt (Co) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of iron (Fe) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of manganese (Mn) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of zinc (Zn II) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of water (H2O) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.
The directed movement of serotonin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems.
Transport of substances into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
obsolete mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate/malate transport
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of alpha-ketoglutarate and malate into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
The directed movement of tricarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
mitochondrial citrate transmembrane transport
The directed movement of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, into or out of a mitochondrial matrix.
The directed movement of acyl carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acyl carnitine is the condensation product of a carboxylic acid and carnitine and is the transport form for a fatty acid crossing the mitochondrial membrane.
obsolete mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate transport
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of aspartate and glutamate into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
The directed movement of acetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of acetate across a plasma membrane.
The directed movement of pyruvate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate, across a plasma membrane.
mitochondrial pyruvate transmembrane transport
The process in which pyruvate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
pyruvate membrane transport in mitochondria
pyruvate membrane transport in mitochondrion
pyruvate transmembrane transport in mitochondria
pyruvate transmembrane transport in mitochondrion
mitochondrial calcium ion transmembrane transport
The process in which a calcium ion (Ca2+) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
obsolete mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
The transfer of acyl groups to and from acyl-CoA molecules to form O-acylcarnitine, which can exchange across the mitochondrial inner membrane with unacylated carnitine.
The process in which a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it, is transported across a membrane. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
The directed movement of eye pigment precursors, the inactive forms of visual pigments, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of oligopeptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
The transport of substances that occurs outside cells.
obsolete extracellular carbohydrate transport
OBSOLETE. The directed extracellular movement of carbohydrates.
The directed extracellular movement of amino acids.
The directed movement of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.
The directed movement of purine bases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.
The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of asparagine, alpha-aminosuccinamic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic ions within a cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of calcium ions within a cell.
obsolete intracellular metal ion homeostasis
OBSOLETE. A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of metal ions within a cell.
obsolete intracellular cadmium ion homeostasis
OBSOLETE. A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of cadmium ions within a cell.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of cobalt ions within a cell.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of copper ions within a cell.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of iron ions within a cell.
The process of binding or confining iron ions in an intracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
The process of binding or confining iron ions in an extracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of zinc ions within a cell.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sodium ions within a cell.
Any process involved in maintaining the steady state of a cell's volume. The cell's volume refers to the three-dimensional space occupied by a cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions, thereby modulating the internal pH, within an organism or cell.
The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
copper-induced intracellular protein transport
A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.
endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.
anterograde transport, endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi
anterograde vesicle-mediated transport, endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi
anterograde vesicle-mediated transport, ER to Golgi
endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport
rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi transport
rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
rough ER to cis-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the concentration of calcium in the endoplasmic reticulum.
retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi back to the endoplasmic reticulum, mediated by vesicles bearing specific protein coats such as COPI or COG.
cis-Golgi to rough endoplasmic reticulum transport
cis-Golgi to rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicle-mediated transport
cis-Golgi to rough ER vesicle-mediated transport
retrograde transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum
retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER
The directed movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by small transport vesicles. These either fuse with the cis-Golgi or with each other to form the membrane stacks known as the cis-Golgi reticulum (network).
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to other parts of the cell, including organelles and the plasma membrane, mediated by small transport vesicles.
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release their contents by exocytosis.
Golgi to plasma membrane vesicle-mediated transport
obsolete Golgi to secretory vesicle transport
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to one of two types of secretory vesicle. Continuously secreted proteins are sorted into transport vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents by exocytosis. Specialized secretory cells have a second secretory pathway in which soluble proteins and other substances are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release.
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to early sorting endosomes. Clathrin vesicles transport substances from the trans-Golgi to endosomes.
Golgi to endosome vesicle-mediated transport
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the vacuole.
Golgi to vacuole vesicle-mediated transport
A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a part of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.
An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles.
The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.
A protein coat is added to the vesicle to form the proper shape of the vesicle and to target the vesicle for transport to its destination.
The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo.
The initial attachment of a vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane, that contributes to exocytosis.
Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane.
An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, called pinosomes, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane.
A vesicle-mediated transport process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes and their delivery to the lysosome. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles.
The initial step in phagocytosis involving adhesion to bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter, or an apoptotic cell and based on recognition of factors such as bacterial cell wall components, opsonins like complement and antibody or protein receptors and lipids like phosphatidyl serine, and leading to intracellular signaling in the phagocytosing cell.
recognition of phagocytosed substance by phagocytic cell
The internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, including the membrane and cytoskeletal processes required, which involves one of three mechanisms: zippering of pseudopods around a target via repeated receptor-ligand interactions, sinking of the target directly into plasma membrane of the phagocytosing cell, or induced uptake via an enhanced membrane ruffling of the phagocytosing cell similar to macropinocytosis.
The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation.
A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process.
cellular component disassembly involved in execution phase of apoptosis
The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis.
cellular component disassembly involved in apoptosis
cellular component disassembly involved in apoptotic process
obsolete cleavage of lamin involved in execution phase of apoptosis
OBSOLETE. The proteolytic degradation of lamins during apoptosis, leading to the irreversible breakdown of the nuclear lamina.
obsolete cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins involved in execution phase of apoptosis
OBSOLETE. The proteolytic degradation of cytoskeletal proteins that contributes to apoptosis, leading to the collapse of cytoskeletal structures.
activation-induced cell death of T cells
A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen and is triggered by T cell receptor stimulation and signals transmitted via various surface-expressed members of the TNF receptor family such as Fas ligand, Fas, and TNF and the p55 and p75 TNF receptors.
activation-induced cell death of T-cells
activation-induced cell death of T lymphocytes
activation-induced cell death of T-lymphocytes
Any apoptotic process in an inflammatory cell, any cell participating in the inflammatory response to a foreign substance e.g. neutrophil, macrophage.
inflammatory cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
programmed cell death, inflammatory cells
programmed cell death of inflammatory cells by apoptosis
obsolete virus-infected cell apoptotic process
OBSOLETE. Any apoptotic process in a cell infected with a virus.
obsolete transformed cell apoptotic process
OBSOLETE. Any apoptotic process in a transformed cell, a cell that has undergone changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm.
obsolete movement of cell or subcellular component
OBSOLETE. The directed, self-propelled movement of a cell or subcellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore.
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another along a substrate such as the extracellular matrix; the migrating cell forms a protrusion that attaches to the substrate.
substrate-dependent cell migration, cell extension
The formation of a cell surface protrusion, such as a lamellipodium or filopodium, at the leading edge of a migrating cell.
substrate-bound cell migration, cell extension
substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
The formation of adhesions that stabilize protrusions at the leading edge of a migrating cell; involves integrin activation, clustering, and the recruitment of structural and signaling components to nascent adhesions.
substrate-bound cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
substrate-dependent cell migration, cell contraction
The translocation of the cell body forward during cell migration, mediated by tractional force on its substrate and tension in the cortical cytoskeleton. Adhesions transmit propulsive forces and serve as traction points over which the cell moves.
substrate-bound cell migration, cell contraction
negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in substrate-bound cell migration
The disassembly of adhesions at the front and rear of a migrating cell. At the leading edge, adhesion disassembly accompanies the formation of new protrusions; at the cell rear, it promotes tail retraction.
substrate-bound cell migration, cell release from substrate
substrate-bound cell migration, adhesion receptor recycling
The directed movement of accumulated adhesion components such as integrins from the rear of a migrating cell toward the cell front, where they are available to form new protrusions and adhesions.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.
A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope.
regulation of striated muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.
OBSOLETE. The conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work (as in the contraction of a muscle).
obsolete nuclear fusion during karyogamy
OBSOLETE. The fusion of two haploid nuclei to form a single diploid nucleus, as seen in the yeast mating process.
induction by virus of host cell-cell fusion
The process of syncytia-forming cell-cell fusion, caused by a virus.
induction by virus of cell-cell fusion in host
The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.
An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals.
The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.
Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the complement cascade, which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes; the initial steps of complement activation involve one of three pathways, the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway, all of which lead to the terminal complement pathway.
complement activation, alternative pathway
Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the alternative pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.
complement activation, classical pathway
Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the classical pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes.
An immune response mediated through a body fluid.
male-specific antibacterial humoral response
An immune response against bacteria, specific to males and mediated through a body fluid.
positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis.
activation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
stimulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
upregulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
up regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
up-regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria.
activation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
anti-Gram-negative bacterial peptide induction
anti-Gram-negative bacterial polypeptide induction
stimulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
upregulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
up regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
up-regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria.
activation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
anti-Gram-positive bacterial peptide induction
anti-Gram-positive bacterial polypeptide induction
stimulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
upregulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
up regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
up-regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
positive regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide biosynthesis.
activation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
stimulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
upregulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
up regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
up-regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
A defense response that is mediated by cells.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hypotonic environment, i.e. an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.
The accumulation of glycerol within a cell, for example by increased glycerol biosynthesis combined with decreased permeability of the cell membrane to glycerol, in response to the detection of a hyperosmotic environment.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.
cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest
A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the stopping or reduction in rate of the cell cycle.
positive regulation of cell cycle arrest by p53-mediated DNA damage response
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator
A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, resulting in the induction of the transcription of p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1 and SDI1) or any equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
OBSOLETE. The conversion of the SoxR transcription factor to its active (oxidized) form.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
The series of molecular signals initiated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB.
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity by EOR
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity by ER overload response
The series of molecular signals that conveys information from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, usually resulting in a change in transcriptional regulation.
endoplasmic reticulum-nuclear signaling pathway
endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling pathway
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus.
obsolete activation of signaling protein activity involved in unfolded protein response
OBSOLETE. The conversion of a specific protein, possessing protein kinase and endoribonuclease activities, to an active form as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response.
obsolete unfolded protein response, cleavage of primary transcript encoding UFP-specific transcription factor
obsolete unfolded protein response, ligation of mRNA encoding UFP-specific transcription factor by RNA ligase
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in unfolded protein response
The activation of genes whose promoters contain a specific sequence elements such as the unfolded protein response element (UPRE; consensus CAGCGTG) or the ER stress-response element (ERSE; CCAAN(N)9CCACG), as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response.
positive regulation of transcription of target genes involved in unfolded protein response
unfolded protein response, activation of target gene transcription
unfolded protein response, positive regulation of target gene transcription
unfolded protein response, stimulation of target gene transcription
unfolded protein response, target gene transcriptional activation
unfolded protein response, upregulation of target gene transcription
unfolded protein response, up regulation of target gene transcription
unfolded protein response, up-regulation of target gene transcription
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
cellular response to nitrogen starvation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope.
nuclear envelope organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear pore.
nuclear pore complex organization and biogenesis
nuclear pore organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleolus.
The maintenance of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
telomerase-dependent telomere maintenance
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.
mitochondrion organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayer surrounding a mitochondrion.
mitochondrial membrane organization and biogenesis
inner mitochondrial membrane organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial inner membrane.
inner mitochondrial membrane organisation
inner mitochondrial membrane organization and biogenesis
mitochondrial inner membrane organization
outer mitochondrial membrane organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial outer membrane.
outer mitochondrial membrane organisation
outer mitochondrial membrane organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane.
plasma membrane organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis
cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the organization, biogenesis or maintenance of the cytoskeleton.
The modification of actin by addition of ubiquitin groups.
indirect flight muscle actin ubiquitination
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.
regulation of actin filament localization
obsolete cytoskeletal anchoring at plasma membrane
OBSOLETE. A cytoskeleton organization process that directly or indirectly links cytoskeletal filaments to the plasma membrane.
Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules.
The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule.
microtubule depolymerization during nuclear congression
The process in which tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers begin aggregation to form an oligomeric tubulin structure (a microtubule seed). Microtubule nucleation is the initiating step in the formation of a microtubule in the absence of any existing microtubules ('de novo' microtubule formation).
The aggregation and bonding together of alpha- and beta-tubulin to form a tubulin heterodimer.
Completion of folding of alpha- and beta-tubulin; takes place subsequent to chaperonin-mediated partial folding; mediated by a complex of folding cofactors.
negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol.
downregulation of microtubule depolymerization
down regulation of microtubule depolymerization
down-regulation of microtubule depolymerization
inhibition of microtubule depolymerization
negative regulation of microtubule catastrophe
negative regulation of microtubule disassembly
negative regulation of axonemal microtubule depolymerization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the depolymerization of the specialized microtubules of the axoneme.
negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization in axoneme
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum.
endoplasmic reticulum organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. A peroxisome is a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.
The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole.
Any process that reduces the pH of the vacuole, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions in the vacuole or between a vacuole and its surroundings.
endocytosed protein transport to vacuole
The directed movement of proteins imported into a cell by endocytosis to the vacuole.
delivery of endocytosed proteins to the vacuole
protein catabolic process in the vacuole
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases.
The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a lysosome.
Any process that reduces the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between a cell and its substrate.
cell-substrate adherens junction assembly
The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during DNA segregation and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis
mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis in cell nucleus
mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis in nucleus
spindle organization and biogenesis during mitosis
spindle organization and biogenesis in nucleus during mitosis
spindle assembly involved in male meiosis
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
spindle assembly involved in male meiosis I
The formation of the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
spindle assembly involved in male meiosis II
The formation of the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
spindle assembly involved in female meiosis
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
spindle assembly involved in female meiosis I
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
spindle assembly involved in female meiosis II
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.
The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a male.
The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become tethered to each other.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.
The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome, from their formation in S phase through metaphase during a mitotic cell cycle. This cohesion cycle is critical for high fidelity chromosome transmission.
The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a male.
female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion
The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a female.
obsolete negative regulation of transcription during mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
obsolete negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter during mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
obsolete negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
obsolete negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter during mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
positive regulation of transcription involved in exit from mitosis
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
activation of transcription on exit from mitosis
positive regulation of transcription involved in exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase I promoter
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from Pol I promoter
activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase I promoter
positive regulation of transcription involved in exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase II promoter
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from Pol II promoter
activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of transcription involved in exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase III promoter
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from Pol III promoter
activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase III promoter
The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
The mitotic cell cycle process in which the controlled partial or complete breakdown of the nuclear membranes during occurs during mitosis.
The cell cycle process in which lamin is depolymerized.
mitotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole
The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles occurs. This mediates by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during mitosis.
chromosome migration to spindle pole during mitosis
chromosome movement towards spindle pole during mitosis
mitotic chromosome movement to spindle pole
mitotic sister chromosome movement towards spindle pole
sister chromosome movement towards spindle pole during mitosis
The cell cycle process in which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the mitotic spindle, during mitosis.
obsolete mitotic sister-chromatid adhesion release
obsolete mitotic chromosome decondensation
OBSOLETE. The cell cycle process in which chromosome structure is altered from the condensed form taken on during mitosis to the relaxed disperse form held in resting cells.
The mitotic cell cycle process involving ESCRTIII that results in reformation of the nuclear envelope after mitotic nuclear division. In organisms undergoing closed mitosis this involves resealing or 'repair' of the nuclear envelope in the nuclear bridge.
obsolete nuclear membrane vesicle binding to chromatin
vesicle fusion with nuclear membrane involved in mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly
The cell cycle process that results in the joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the nucleus, and contributes to mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly.
The cell cycle process in which nuclear pore complexes reform during mitotic cell division.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
traversing start control point of mitotic cell cycle
A cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering S phase via a positive feedback mechanism between the regulation of transcription and G1 CDK activity.
obsolete regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression through the S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
metaphase/anaphase transition of mitotic cell cycle
The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
metaphase/anaphase transition by anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
A signaling process that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage.
signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition checkpoint
mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling
A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that delays mitotic sister chromatid separation and consequently the mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. Spindle assembly checkpoint signalling begins with the activated Mph family kinase, and results in the inhibition of the Anaphase Promoting Complex and its activator Sleepy/Cdc20 by the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC).
mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint
mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signalling
signaling cascade involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint
signaling cascade involved in SAC-independent checkpoint
signaling pathway involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint
signaling pathway involved in SAC-independent checkpoint
signalling cascade involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint
signalling cascade involved in SAC-independent checkpoint
signalling pathway involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint
signalling pathway involved in SAC-independent checkpoint
signal transduction involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint
signal transduction involved in SAC-independent checkpoint
mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the G2/M transition of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.
down regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
down-regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
down regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint
down-regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint
inhibition of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint
mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
negative regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
negative regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint
positive regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
positive regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint
regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint
signal transduction involved in G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
signal transduction involved in G2 DNA damage checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint
Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase to G1 that is associated with a conversion from high to low mitotic CDK activity.
The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell.
establishment of cell nucleus localization
establishment of localization of nucleus
The cell cycle process in which centrosome duplication and separation takes place. The centrosome cycle can operate with a considerable degree of independence from other processes of the cell cycle.
The cell cycle process in which a daughter centriole is formed perpendicular to an existing centriole. An immature centriole contains a ninefold radially symmetric array of single microtubules; mature centrioles consist of a radial array of nine microtubule triplets, doublets, or singlets depending upon the species and cell type. Duplicated centrioles also become the ciliary basal body in cells that form cilia during G0.
Separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.
OBSOLETE. Centrosome duplication and separation in the context of a meiotic cell cycle in a male organism.
The process in which a contractile ring is positioned in a specific location. This process is critical for both for both symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions.
site selection involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
obsolete cytokinesis, protein recruitment
membrane addition at site of cytokinesis
Any process involved in the net addition of membrane at the site of cytokinesis; includes vesicle recruitment and fusion, local lipid synthesis and insertion.
cytokinesis, membrane recruitment/generation
obsolete cytokinesis, initiation of separation
OBSOLETE. The process involved in starting cell separation.
obsolete cytokinesis, completion of separation
OBSOLETE. The process of finishing cell separation, which results in two physically separated cells.
A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis I, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis II, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
A cell cycle process that occurs as part of the male meiotic cell cycle and results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell to produce two daughter cells.
cytokinesis involved in male meiotic cell cycle
A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.
A form of asexual reproduction, occurring in certain bacteria and fungi (e.g. yeasts) and some primitive animals in which an individual arises from a daughter cell formed by pinching off a part of the parent cell. The budlike outgrowths so formed may sometimes remain attached to the parent cell.
obsolete bud site selection/establishment of cell polarity (sensu Saccharomyces)
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and growth of cell buds.
The process in which the bud portion of a cell that reproduces by budding irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
Growth at the tip of a bud, in a cell that reproduces by budding.
Unlocalized bud growth such that the entire surface of the bud expands evenly, in a cell that reproduces by budding.
The process of defining the next site of bud emergence adjacent to the last site of bud emergence on a budding cell.
The process of defining subsequent sites of bud emergence such that budding takes place at alternating poles of a budding cell.
The process in which cells grow as a chain of physically attached, elongated cells in response to an environmental stimulus or stimuli.
The first meiotic nuclear division in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two haploid daughter nuclei.
The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis I and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.
homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis
The meiotic cell cycle process where side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created during meiotic prophase. Homologous chromosome pairing begins when the chromosome arms begin to pair from the clustered telomeres and ends when synaptonemal complex or linear element assembly is complete.
The cell cycle process in which the synaptonemal complex is formed. This is a structure that holds paired chromosomes together during prophase I of meiosis and that promotes genetic recombination.
The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a single or double Holliday junction intermediate. This results in the equal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal recombinant products ensure the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I and create genetic diversity.
gene conversion with reciprocal crossover
The cell cycle phase, following prophase I, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis I.
The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis I.
The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase I of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
The second nuclear division of meiosis, in which the two chromatids in each chromosome are separated, resulting in four daughter nuclei from the two nuclei produced in meiosis II.
The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis II and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.
The cell cycle phase, following prophase II, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis II.
The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis II.
The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase II of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline.
A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis I, the first meiotic division in the male germline.
A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis II, the second meiotic division in the male germline.
A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline.
The cell cycle process in which the first meiotic division occurs in the female germline.
During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes.
The cell cycle process in which the second meiotic division occurs in the female germline.
OBSOLETE. A process whereby cells develop a specific morphology under a specific set of circumstances.
Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules
The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.
heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules
The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell.
The attachment of a neuron to another cell via adhesion molecules.
The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules.
The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.
calcium-independent cell-matrix adhesion
The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
cell adhesion receptor inhibitor activity
establishment or maintenance of cell polarity
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarity
establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarization
Coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.
The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
signal transduction by cis-phosphorylation
signal transduction by conformational transition
signal transduction by protein phosphorylation
signal transduction by trans-phosphorylation
The series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway
cell surface receptor linked signalling pathway
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the receptor possesses catalytic activity or is closely associated with an enzyme such as a protein kinase, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway
enzyme linked receptor protein signalling pathway
receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses guanylyl cyclase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
receptor guanylyl cyclase signalling pathway
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signalling pathway
obsolete transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase ligand binding
activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity.
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activation
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase dimerization
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex capable of relaying a signal within a cell.
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway
receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway
epidermal growth factor catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epidermal growth factor (EGF), following internalization of the receptor-bound ligand into the signal-receiving cell. Full breakdown of epidermal growth factor results in a ligand that is unable to bind and activate its receptor.
epidermal growth factor ligand processing
negative regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity.
downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
down regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
negative regulation of EGF receptor activity
negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity.
regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signalling pathway
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway
obsolete transforming growth factor beta ligand binding to type II receptor
transforming growth factor beta receptor complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a ligand-bound type II transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor dimer with a type I TGF-beta receptor dimer, following ligand binding, to form a heterotetrameric TGF-beta receptor complex.
TGF-beta:type II receptor:type I receptor complex assembly
common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation
The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a common-partner SMAD protein. A common partner SMAD protein binds to pathway-restricted SMAD proteins forming a complex that translocates to the nucleus.
common mediator SMAD protein phosphorylation
common-mediator SMAD protein phosphorylation
common partner SMAD protein phosphorylation
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins.
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signalling pathway
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to its receptor, in which the activated receptor promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane.
dimeric G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
dimeric G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway
G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway via GPCR dimer
G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation or inhibition of a nucleotide cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide.
GPCR signaling pathway via cyclic nucleotide second messenger
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger
G protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger
G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger
G protein signalling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger
G-protein signalling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation or inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
adenylate cyclase-modulating GPCR signaling pathway
GPCR signaling pathway via cAMP second messenger
GPCR signaling pathway via modulation of adenylate cyclase activity
G protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger
G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger
G protein signaling, coupled to cyclic AMP nucleotide second messenger
G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic AMP nucleotide second messenger
G protein signalling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger
G-protein signalling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger
G protein signalling, coupled to cyclic AMP nucleotide second messenger
G-protein signalling, coupled to cyclic AMP nucleotide second messenger
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
activation of adenylate cyclase activity by G-protein signaling pathway
activation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein signaling
adenylate cyclase-activating GPCR signaling pathway
GPCR signaling pathway via activation of adenylate cyclase
GPCR signaling pathway via activation of adenylate cyclase activity
G protein signaling, adenylate cyclase activating pathway
G-protein signaling, adenylate cyclase activating pathway
G protein signaling, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway
G-protein signaling, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway
G protein signalling, adenylate cyclase activating pathway
G-protein signalling, adenylate cyclase activating pathway
G protein signalling, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway
G-protein signalling, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity by G-protein signaling pathway
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity by G-protein signalling pathway
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
activation of adenylate cyclase activity
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme adenylate cyclase.
adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
activation of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
activation of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase activating pathway
dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway
adenylate cyclase-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway
An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by serotonin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
activation of adenylate cyclase activity by serotonin receptor signalling pathway
serotonin receptor, adenylate cyclase activating pathway
serotonin receptor, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent decrease in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting GPCR signaling pathway
GPCR signaling pathway via inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity
G protein signaling, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
G-protein signaling, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
G protein signaling, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
G-protein signaling, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
G protein signalling, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
G-protein signalling, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
G protein signalling, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
G-protein signalling, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by G-protein signaling pathway
negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
downregulation of adenylate cyclase activity
down regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
down-regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity
negative regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway
An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway
An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by glutamate binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by G-protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by metabotropic glutamate receptor signalling pathway
metabotropic glutamate receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
metabotropic glutamate receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by acetylcholine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signalling pathway
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway
An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by serotonin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by serotonin receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by serotonin receptor signalling pathway
serotonin receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
serotonin receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by activation of guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic GMP (cGMP).
GPCR signaling pathway via activation of guanylate cyclase activity
GPCR signaling pathway via cGMP second messenger
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger
G protein signaling, coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger
G-protein signaling, coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger
G protein signalling, coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger
G-protein signalling, coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger
guanylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
G protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
G protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme phospolipase C as the result of The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
obsolete phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.
cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration elevation
cytosolic calcium ion concentration elevation
elevation of calcium ion concentration in cytoplasm
elevation of calcium ion concentration in cytosol
elevation of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration
elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC is activated by second messengers including diacylglycerol (DAG).
activation of protein kinase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
activation of protein kinase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
protein kinase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway
A phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by glutamate binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway
activation of phospholipase C activity by metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
activation of phospholipase C activity by metabotropic glutamate receptor signalling pathway
metabotropic glutamate receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway
phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
A phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by acetylcholine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
activation of phospholipase C activity by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
activation of phospholipase C activity by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signalling pathway
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway
muscarinic receptor signaling pathway via activation of PLC
phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway
A phospholipase C-activating receptor G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by serotonin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
activation of phospholipase C activity by serotonin receptor signaling pathway
activation of phospholipase C activity by serotonin receptor signalling pathway
serotonin receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway
phospholipase C-activating tachykinin receptor signaling pathway
A phospholipase C-activating receptor G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by tachykinin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
activation of phospholipase C activity by tachykinin receptor signaling pathway
activation of phospholipase C activity by tachykinin receptor signalling pathway
tachykinin receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by octopamine or tyramine binding to their receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. Octopamine and tyramine are decarboxylation products of tyrosine, and are the invertebrate counterparts of the vertebrate adrenergic transmitters.
octopamine or tyramine signalling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an acetylcholine receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
acetylcholine receptor signalling, muscarinic pathway
G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to its receptor on the surface of a target cell.
gamma-aminobutyric acid signalling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of glutamate to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by glutamate binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway
metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
metabotropic glutamate receptor signalling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by tachykinin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. Tachykinin is a short peptide with the terminal sequence (Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2).
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a neuropeptide binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The series of successive proteolytic cleavages of the Notch protein, which result in an active form of the receptor.
positive regulation of transcription of Notch receptor target
The activation of transcription of specific genes as a result of Notch signaling, mediated by the Notch intracellular domain.
Notch receptor target transcription factor activation
N receptor target transcription factor activation
Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Wnt-activated signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
Wnt receptor signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened.
The posttranslational modification of members of the Hedgehog family of signaling proteins in order for Hedgehog to exert its biological activity. These modifications include cleavage of its signal sequence, autocatalytic protein cleavage and the attachment of sterol groups.
signal transduction downstream of smoothened
The series of molecular signals that are initiated by the transmembrane protein Smoothened. In the presence of a Hedgehog signaling molecule, the Patched protein no longer inhibits the activity of Smoothened, and Smoothened signals via the Hedgehog signaling complex to activate downstream components of the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
positive regulation of hh target transcription factor activity
Any process that increases the activity of a transcription factor that activates transcription of Hedgehog-target genes in response to Smoothened signaling. In Drosophila, Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is the only identified transcription factor so far in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In vertebrates, members of the Gli protein family are activated in this way. Activation of the Gli/Ci transcription factor is distinct from its stabilization, when proteolytic cleavage is inhibited.
activation of hh target transcription factor
positive regulation of hedgehog target transcription factor
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
obsolete calcium-o-sensing receptor pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated in response to osmotic change.
signal transduction during osmotic stress
osmosensory signaling pathway via Sho1 osmosensor
The series of molecular signals generated in response to osmotic change, as mediated through a Sho1 osmosensor system.
osmosensory signalling pathway via Sho1 osmosensor
signal transduction during osmotic stress via Sho1 osmosensor
osmosensory signaling via phosphorelay pathway
The series of molecular signals generated in response to osmotic change, as mediated through a phosphorelay system.
osmolarity sensing via two-component system
osmolarity signaling pathway via two-component system
osmolarity signalling pathway via two-component system
osmosensory signaling pathway via two-component system
osmosensory signalling pathway via two-component system
signal transduction during osmotic stress via two-component system
obsolete activation of Ssk2/Ssk22 proteins
obsolete MAPKKK cascade (mating sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. MAPKKK cascade involved in transduction of mating pheromone signal, as described in Saccharomyces.
obsolete activation of MAPKKK (mating sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. Upregulation of MAPKKK activity in the context of transduction of mating pheromone signal, as described for Saccharomyces.
obsolete activation of MAPKK (mating sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. Upregulation of a MAP kinase kinase in the context of transduction of mating pheromone signal, as described for Saccharomyces.
obsolete activation of MAPK (mating sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. Upregulation of MAP kinase activity in the context of transduction of mating pheromone signal, as described for Saccharomyces.
obsolete nuclear translocation of MAPK (mating sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. Movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus in the context of transduction of mating pheromone signal, as described for Saccharomyces.
The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the I-kappaB-kinase (IKK)-dependent activation of NF-kappaB. The cascade begins with activation of a trimeric IKK complex (consisting of catalytic kinase subunits IKKalpha and/or IKKbeta, and the regulatory scaffold protein NEMO) and ends with the regulation of transcription of target genes by NF-kappaB. In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to I-kappaB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.
activation of the inhibitor of kappa kinase
I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signal transduction
activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity
The stimulation of the activity of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase through phosphorylation at specific residues.
positive regulation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity
obsolete activation of the inhibitor of kappa kinase
The process of introducing a phosphate group into an inhibitor of kappa B (I-kappaB) protein. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing bound NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.
The selective interaction of the transcription factor NF-kappaB with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.
maintenance of NF-kappaB location in cytoplasm
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a JNK (a MAPK), a JNKK (a MAPKK) and a JUN3K (a MAP3K). The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
OBSOLETE. The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase kinase (JNKK) activity. JNKKs are involved in a signaling pathway that is primarily activated by cytokines and exposure to environmental stress.
obsolete activation of JUN kinase activity
OBSOLETE. The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase (JNK).
The process of introducing a phosphate group into a JUN protein.
Any process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) and JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) proteins convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT begins with activation of a receptor and proceeeds through STAT protein activation by members of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases. STAT proteins dimerize and subsequently translocate to the nucleus. The pathway ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins.
tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
obsolete JAK-induced STAT protein dimerization
OBSOLETE. The formation of a dimer of two STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) following their activation by members of the janus activated kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases.
nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via nitric oxide (NO). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms.
nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction
small GTPase mediated signal transduction
The series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays a signal.
small GTPase-mediated signal transduction
The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ras superfamily of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rho family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.
The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission.
The process of synaptic transmission from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse.
The vesicular release of acetylcholine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
The process in which glial cells envelop neuronal cell bodies and/or axons to form an insulating layer. This can take the form of myelinating or non-myelinating ensheathment.
ionic insulation of neurons by glial cells
The process of synaptic transmission from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pole cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a pole cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
Formation of a small group of cells (pole cells) at the posterior pole of the insect blastula. They are the first cells to cellularize after the arrival of nuclei at the end of the syncytial blastula stage and are the precursors to the insect germ cells.
The directed movement of a pole cell (germline progenitors in insects) from its site of production at the posterior pole of the embryo through to the site where the gonads will form.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism.
Any of the rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a cyst of interconnected cells.
The developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa.
The mitotic divisions of the primary spermatogonial cell (a primordial male germ cell) to form secondary spermatogonia (primary spermatocytes).
The phase of growth and gene expression that male germ cells undergo as they enter the spermatocyte stage. The cells grow in volume and transcribe most of the gene products needed for the morphological events that follow meiosis.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Fusion of mitochondria during insect spermatid differentiation to form two masses, which wrap around each other to form a densely packed sphere called the Nebenkern.
The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellar axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of the eukaryotic sperm flagellum, and is responsible for movement.
The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization.
The change in shape of the spermatid nucleus from a spherical structure to an elongated organelle, during the latter part of spermatid differentiation.
The resolution of the male germline syncytium or cyst into individual gametes by packaging each spermatid into its own plasma membrane.
Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.
Construction of a stage-1 egg chamber in the anterior part of the germarium, from the progeny of germ-line and somatic stem cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
germarium-derived oocyte fate determination
The cell fate determination process in which a germarium-derived cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
growth of a germarium-derived egg chamber
Growth of the egg chamber between the time it leaves the germarium and the onset of vitellogenesis. During this time both nurse cells and the oocyte undergo developmental changes including nuclear organization and cytoplasmic growth. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The production of yolk. Yolk is a mixture of materials used for embryonic nutrition.
The directed movement of an ovarian follicle cell that takes place during oogenesis. During egg chamber formation, follicle cells migrate to envelop the germ-line cysts and move in between cysts. At stage 10B, follicle cells migrate centripetally between the nurse cells and the oocyte, enclosing the anterior of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The directed movement of a border cell through the nurse cells to reach the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
follicle cell of egg chamber-cell adhesion
The attachment of a somatic follicle cell to another somatic follicle cell or to its substratum, the germline cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
Transfer of constituents synthesized in the ovarian nurse cells to the oocyte, through the ring canals, as the egg chamber is growing. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
Assembly of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a female cyst.
Attachment of the nurse cell nucleus to the plasma membrane.
cytoplasmic transport, nurse cell to oocyte
The directed movement of cytoplasmic constituents synthesized in the nurse cells to the oocyte.
The construction of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
vitelline membrane formation involved in chorion-containing eggshell formation
Construction of the vitelline membrane portion of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
vitelline membrane formation in chorion-containing eggshell
Construction of the chorion portion of the egg, which is a protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish.
Amplification by up to 60-fold of the loci containing the chorion gene clusters. Amplification is necessary for the rapid synthesis of chorion proteins by the follicle cells, and occurs by repeated firing of one or more origins located within each gene cluster.
The synthesis, deposition, and organization of the materials in a cell of an ovary; where the cell can then undergo meiosis and form an ovum. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
oocyte dorsal/ventral axis determination
oocyte dorsal-ventral axis specification
maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded
Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded
maternal specification of dorsal-ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded
maternal specification of dorsoventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded
oocyte nucleus migration involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification
The directed movement of the oocyte nucleus within the cell as part of the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
establishment of localization of oocyte nucleus during oocyte axis determination
establishment of oocyte nucleus localisation involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification
establishment of oocyte nucleus localization during oocyte axis determination
establishment of oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis determination
establishment of oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification
establishment of oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal-ventral axis specification
establishment of oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsoventral axis specification
nucleus positioning in oocyte during oocyte axis determination
oocyte axis determination, establishment of localization of nucleus
oocyte axis determination, establishment of oocyte nucleus localization
oocyte axis determination, establishment of position of nucleus
oocyte axis determination, oocyte nuclear migration
oocyte axis determination, oocyte nucleus migration
oocyte axis determination, positioning of nucleus
oocyte nuclear migration during oocyte axis determination
oocyte nucleus migration during oocyte axis determination
oocyte nucleus migration during oocyte axis specification
oocyte nucleus positioning during oocyte axis determination
maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded
Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded
maternal specification of dorsal-ventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded
maternal specification of dorsoventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded
oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification
Polarization of the oocyte along its anterior-posterior axis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
oocyte anterior/posterior axis determination
Establishment of the specialized cytoplasm found at the poles of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
Any process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
establishment and maintenance of pole plasm RNA localization
regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
regulation of oocyte pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localisation
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
establishment and maintenance of pole plasm protein localization
negative regulation of oskar mRNA translation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate that oskar mRNAs are effectively translated into protein.
downregulation of oskar mRNA translation
down regulation of oskar mRNA translation
down-regulation of oskar mRNA translation
The introduction of semen or sperm into the genital tract of a female.
The physical displacement of sperm stored from previous mating encounters.
The generation of a mature, active peptide pheromone via processes unique to its processing and modification. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
OBSOLETE. Any process involving pheromones that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
The process in which the sperm binds to the zona pellucida glycoprotein layer of the egg. The process begins with the attachment of the sperm plasma membrane to the zona pellucida and includes attachment of the acrosome inner membrane to the zona pellucida after the acrosomal reaction takes place.
The discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule following the sperm's attachment to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents into the zona pellucida.
The infiltration by sperm of the zona pellucida to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.
fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in single fertilization
The binding and fusion of a sperm, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte as part of the process of single fertilization. In sperm with flagella, binding occurs at the posterior (post-acrosomal) region of the sperm head.
The process in which the egg becomes metabolically active, initiates protein and DNA synthesis and undergoes structural changes to its cortex and/or cytoplasm.
The merging of two pronuclei in a fertilized egg to fuse and produce a single zygotic genome.
obsolete embryogenesis and morphogenesis
OBSOLETE. Formation and development of an embryo and its organized structures.
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle.
modulation of mitotic cell cycle progression
regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression
regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
modulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle progression
preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle modulation
preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle regulation
preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle regulator
regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle progression
regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
modulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression
regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
regulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle
regulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression
syncytial blastoderm cell cycle modulation
syncytial blastoderm cell cycle regulation
syncytial blastoderm cell cycle regulator
The separation of a multi-nucleate cell or syncytium into individual cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster embryo development.
The hierarchical steps resulting in the progressive subdivision of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo.
Subdivision of the embryo along the anterior/posterior axis into anterior, posterior and terminal regions.
zygotic specification of dorsal/ventral axis
The specification of the dorsal/ventral axis of the embryo, through the products of genes expressed in the zygote.
zygotic determination of dorsal/ventral axis
zygotic determination of dorsal-ventral axis
zygotic determination of dorsoventral axis
zygotic determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo
The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by products of genes expressed in the zygote; exemplified in insects by the gap genes, pair rule genes and segment polarity gene cascade.
Specification of the anterior (head and thoracic segments) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of hunchback gene product.
thorax and anterior abdomen determination
Specification of the central (trunk) regions of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of the Kruppel gene product.
obsolete positive regulation of central gap gene transcription
OBSOLETE. The activation of genes encoding transcription factors in the central region of an insect embryo by a combination of maternal regulatory signals and interactions among themselves; exemplified by the activation of expression of the Drosophila Kruppel gene by the hunchback and bicoid gene products.
obsolete establishment of central gap gene boundaries
OBSOLETE. Specification of the borders of central gap gene expression mediated largely by the effects of other gap genes; in insects this is exemplified by knirps repression of Kruppel.
The regionalization process in which the posterior (abdominal) regions of the embryo are specified by the gap genes.
obsolete positive regulation of posterior gap gene transcription
OBSOLETE. The activation of genes encoding transcription factors in the posterior region of an insect embryo by a combination of maternal regulatory signals and interactions among themselves; exemplified by the activation of expression of the Drosophila knirps gene.
obsolete establishment of posterior gap gene boundaries
OBSOLETE. Specification of the borders of posterior gap gene expression mediated largely by the effects of other gap genes; in insects this is exemplified by hunchback and tailless repression of knirps.
Specification of the terminal regions (the two non-segmented ends) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of huckebein and tailless gene products.
obsolete positive regulation of terminal gap gene transcription
OBSOLETE. The activation of genes encoding transcription factors at the anterior and posterior ends of an insect embryo by a combination of maternal regulatory signals and interactions among themselves; exemplified by the activation of expression of the Drosophila tailless and huckebein genes.
obsolete establishment of terminal gap gene boundary
OBSOLETE. Specification of the borders of terminal gap gene expression mediated largely by the effects of other gap genes.
The regionalization process that divides the spatial regions of an embryo into serially repeated regions.
Allocation of cells to parasegments in the embryo, through the action of overlapping series of pair rule gene activities.
Division of the 14 parasegments of the embryo into anterior and posterior compartments; exemplified by the actions of the segment polarity gene products.
The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.
A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
Formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation.
The regionalization process in which the area where the ventral midline will form is specified.
determination of anterior border of ventral midline
determination of posterior border of ventral midline
Formation of a cup-shaped invagination at the posterior end of the embryo, bringing the posterior midgut and hindgut primordia into the interior.
Internalization of the anterior midgut into the interior of the embryo.
Formation of a partial necklace of inturning tissue on the lateral sides of the embryo, along the dorsal-ventral axis. This furrow demarcates head from thorax in the developing protostome.
Elongation of the germ band on the ventral side of the embryo, accompanied by a halving in width. The elongation process pushes the posterior midgut invagination closed and compresses the amnioserosa further.
Formation of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis. This occurs by the transformation of a narrow strip of cells at the dorsal midline of the blastoderm from columnar to squamous cells, accompanied by a lateral shift.
The process in which segments assume individual identities; exemplified in insects by the actions of the products of the homeotic genes.
specification of segmental identity, head
The specification of the characteristic structures of the head segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
specification of segmental identity, labial segment
The specification of the characteristic structures of the labial segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
specification of segmental identity, maxillary segment
The specification of the characteristic structures of the maxillary segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
specification of segmental identity, antennal segment
The specification of the characteristic structures of the antennal segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
specification of segmental identity, thorax
The specification of the characteristic structures of the thoracic segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
specification of segmental identity, abdomen
The specification of the characteristic structures of the abdominal segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
The regionalization process in which embryonic segments are divided into compartments that will result in differences in cell differentiation.
The process giving rise to specification of cell identity in the anterior compartments of the segmented embryo.
anterior compartment pattern specification
The process involved in the specification of cell identity in the posterior compartments of the segmented embryo.
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
The spreading of the amnioserosa from its compressed state to cover the whole of the dorsal surface. Initiating in the thorax and spreading posteriorly, it is accompanied by the transition from a parasegmental to segmental division of the embryo.
The process during Drosophila embryogenesis whereby the ectodermal cells of the lateral epithelium stretch in a coordinated fashion to internalize the amnioserosa cells and close the embryo dorsally.
Events that occur at the start of dorsal closure.
dorsal closure, leading edge cell fate determination
The cell fate determination process in which a cell within the dorsal ectoderm becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a leading edge cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
dorsal closure, elongation of leading edge cells
The change in shape of cells at the dorsal-most (leading) edge of the epidermis from being polygonal to being elongated in the dorsal/ventral axis.
dorsal closure, spreading of leading edge cells
Dorsally-directed movement of a cell at the leading edge of the epithelium over the amnioserosa.
Closure of the dorsal hole. Filopodia extending from each leading edge interdigitate at the dorsal midline and appear to prime the formation of adherens junctions between the two rows of leading edge cells. Newly formed septate junctions are also used to seal the dorsal hole.
OBSOLETE. The generation of organized tissues or of whole organs.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ganglion mother cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts.
downregulation of neuroblast proliferation
down regulation of neuroblast proliferation
down-regulation of neuroblast proliferation
A change in the morphology or behavior of a neuroblast resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, including the terminal branched region. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon, which carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.
The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
The process in which an axon recognizes and binds to a set of cells with which it may form stable connections.
The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.
Separation of axons away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle.
Separation of a motor axon away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional).
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral midline over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In protostomes (such as insects, snails and worms) as well as deuterostomes (vertebrates), the midline is an embryonic region that functions in patterning of the adjacent nervous tissue. The ventral midline in insects is a cell population extending along the ventral surface of the embryo and is the region from which cells detach to form the ventrally located nerve cords. In vertebrates, the midline is originally located dorsally. During development, it folds inwards and becomes the ventral part of the dorsally located neural tube and is then called the ventral midline, or floor plate.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
stomatogastric nervous system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomatogastric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an open tracheal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epithelial cell within an open tracheal system regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Tracheal cells are set aside as 10 clusters of approximately 80 cells on each side of the embryo (termed tracheal placodes). An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
tracheal epithelial cell fate determination
tracheal placode cell fate determination
tracheal outgrowth, open tracheal system
The projection of branches of an open tracheal system towards their target tissues. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system
The orderly movement of epithelial cells during development of an open tracheal system. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
Formation of primary branches in the open tracheal system. These form from small groups of cells that migrate out at specific positions, organizing into tubes as they migrate. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
secondary branching, open tracheal system
Sprouting of secondary branches in an open tracheal system. These form from the tips of primary branches and are formed by individual cells that roll up into unicellular tubes. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
terminal branching, open tracheal system
Formation of terminal branches in the open tracheal system. These are long cytoplasmic extensions that form fine tubules that transport oxygen directly to the tissues. An example of the process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
terminal branching of trachea, cytoplasmic projection extension
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the salivary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Salivary glands include any of the saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity.
Determination of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.
larval salivary gland boundary specification
Determination in a larval organism of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.
adult salivary gland boundary specification
Determination in an adult organism of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized.
The process, occurring in the larva, by which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the adult salivary gland are generated and organized.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oenocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions that are derived from ectoderm.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized.
anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the Malpighian tubule are generated and organized. This process takes place entirely during the embryonic phase. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the imaginal disc over time, from its formation to the metamorphosis to form adult structures. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.).
determination of imaginal disc primordium
Allocation of embryonic cells to the imaginal disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of an imaginal disc compartment.
The increase in mass of imaginal discs by cell proliferation prior to metamorphosis. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.
The regionalization process that results in defined areas of the imaginal disc that will undergo specific cell differentaiton. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.
anterior/posterior pattern specification, imaginal disc
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that rapidly develop into adult appendages during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.
proximal/distal pattern formation, imaginal disc
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal disks are masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvae of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.
dorsal/ventral pattern formation, imaginal disc
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal disks are masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvae of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.
dorsal-ventral pattern formation, imaginal disc
dorsoventral pattern formation, imaginal disc
dorsal/ventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc
Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between dorsal and ventral compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.
dorsal-ventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc
dorsoventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a clypeo-labal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the labrum, anterior and posterior cibarial plates, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite and clypeus.
morphogenesis of structures derived from the clypeo-labral disc
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the labial disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a labial imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including parts of the proboscis.
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of an eye-antennal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps.
progression of morphogenetic furrow involved in compound eye morphogenesis
The morphogenetic furrow is a dorsoventral indentation which sweeps anteriorly across the eye disc. Ommatidia begin to form along the furrow, resulting in a graded series of ommatidial development across the anterior/posterior axis of the disc.
progression of morphogenetic furrow during compound eye morphogenesis
The process in which the R8 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R8 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the basal parts of the ommatidium.
The process in which the R1/R6 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres.
The process in which the R2/R5 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R2 and R5 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres.
The process in which the R3/R4 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres.
The process in which the R7 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R7 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the apical parts of the ommatidium.
obsolete regulation of rhodopsin gene expression
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression. This includes transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational regulation.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the antenna over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The antenna are the sensory structures on the head that are capable of detecting various environmental stimuli.
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the prothoracic disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a prothoracic imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult humerous and anterior spiracle.
OBSOLETE. The process by which the anatomical structures of the first or anterior segment of the insect thorax are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the wing disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a wing imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura.
wing disc proximal/distal pattern formation
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing.
imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification
The regionalization process in which the area of a imaginal disc-derived wing that will form a wing vein is specified.
apposition of dorsal and ventral imaginal disc-derived wing surfaces
The coming together of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the imaginal disc-derived wing during the conversion of a folded single layered wing disc to a flat bilayered wing.
apposition of dorsal and ventral wing surfaces
imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized. The wing is an appendage modified for flying.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal part of the body over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the leg disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a leg imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura.
leg disc proximal/distal pattern formation
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the leg imaginal disc, a precursor to the adult leg.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a leg derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the haltere disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a haltere imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the haltere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The haltere is the club-shaped 'balancers' found on each side of the metathorax among the true flies (Diptera). They are the much-modified hind wings.
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the genital disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a genital imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult genital structures, the anal plates and the hind gut.
imaginal disc-derived genitalia development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
imaginal disc-derived male genitalia development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
imaginal disc-derived female genitalia development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia development in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the histoblast disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of histoblast cells into adult structures during pupal metamorphosis. Histoblast cells are cells founded in the embryo that are the progenitors to the adult abdomen.
maintenance of imaginal histoblast diploidy
The negative regulation of the differentiation of polytenized larval hypodermal cells from abdominal histoblasts. The abdominal histoblasts remain a small cluster of diploid cells among the polytenized larval hypodermal cells.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the tergite are generated and organized. The tergite is the primary plate or sclerite forming the dorsal surface of any insect body segment.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the sternite are generated and organized. The sternite is the plate or sclerite on the underside of a body segment.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues.
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine.
visceral mesoderm-endoderm interaction involved in midgut development
The process of cell-cell signaling between visceral mesoderm cells and endoderm cells that is involved in the differentiation of cells in the midgut.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue.
A cell-cell signaling process occurring between the two gastrulation-generated layers of the ectoderm and the mesoderm.
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract mesoderm is portion of the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form part of the digestive tract of the organism.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fat body is an insect gland dorsal to the insect gut, with a function analogous to that of the vertebrate liver. It is a storage organ for fats, glycogen and protein and is a major site of intermediary metabolism.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larval fat body consists of a bilaterally symmetrical monolayer of cells lying between the gut and the muscles of the body wall. As in other tissues of the larva, the cells of the fat body complete their divisions in the embryo and increase in size and ploidy during larval life.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Larval fat body cells that remain at eclosion degenerate in the first 2 to 4 days of adult life, leaving behind the smaller cells of the adult fat body.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In Drosophila the larval heart (dorsal vessel) is a continuous tube of mesodormal cells that runs beneath the dorsal midline of the epidermis, divided into an anterior aorta and a posterior heart proper.
mesoderm migration involved in gastrulation
The migration of mesodermal cells during gastrulation to help establish the multilayered body plan of the organism.
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
OBSOLETE. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lymph gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lymph gland is a small bean-shaped organ made up of a loose meshwork of reticular tissue in which are enmeshed large numbers of lymphocytes, macrophages and accessory cells. Lymph glands are located along the lymphatic system.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hemocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work.
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult skeletal muscle tissue. The main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers.
A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Somatic muscles are striated muscle structures that connect to the exoskeleton or cuticle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction.
establishment of synaptic specificity at neuromuscular junction
The biological process in which a synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle is initially formed.
Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism.
Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of mating type upon an individual. Mating types are the equivalent in microorganisms of the sexes in higher organisms.
regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-templated
Any mating-type specific process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
mating-type specific transcriptional control
regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-dependent
The conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.
The conversion of the mating-type locus from one allele to another resulting from the recombinational repair of a site-specific double-strand break at the mating-type locus with information from a silent donor sequence. There is no reciprocal exchange of information because the mating-type locus copies information from the donor sequence and the donor sequence remains unchanged.
gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA double-strand break formation
gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA double-strand break processing
gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA repair synthesis
gene conversion at mating-type locus, termination of copy-synthesis
heteroduplex formation involved in gene conversion at mating-type locus
strand invasion involved in gene conversion at mating-type locus
The process that determines which donor locus a cell uses, in preference to another, in mating type switching.
The activation of recombination at a mating type locus, such that it is used in preference to the other donor locus for mating type switching; exemplified by the HML locus and surrounding sequences on Chromosome III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The inactivation of recombination at sequences around a mating type donor locus, with the consequence that the other donor is the only one available for mating type switching; exemplified by the HML locus and surrounding sequences on Chromosome III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The sex determination process that results in the initial specification of sexual status of an individual organism.
The transmission of information about sexual status from the initial, general, determination to signals specific to the soma.
sex determination, establishment of X:A ratio
The developmental process in which an organism senses the number of X chromosomes and autosomes in its genomic complement and responds to it.
sex determination, primary response to X:A ratio
The developmental process in which an organism interprets its X to autosomal chromosomal complement.
The transmission of information about sexual status, from the initial general determination, to signals specific to the germ-line.
sex determination, somatic-gonadal interaction
The process that mediates the interactions between somatic cells and gonadal cells that ultimately results in the specification of sexual status of the organism.
sex determination, somatic/gonadal interaction
processes downstream of sex determination signal
The sex determination processes that take place after the initial transmission of the sexual phenotype to specific information pathways.
somatic processes downstream of sex determination signal
The events determining the somatic sexual phenotype after the initial transmission of that phenotype to soma-specific information pathways.
germ-line processes downstream of sex determination signal
The events determining the germ-line sexual phenotype after the initial transmission of that phenotype to germ-line-specific information pathways.
The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation.
Compensating for the variation in the unpaired sex chromosome:autosome chromosome ratios between sexes by activation or inactivation of genes on one or both of the sex chromosomes.
obsolete establishment of dosage compensation
obsolete maintenance of dosage compensation
A biological process in which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's form or structure. Examples include the change from tadpole to frog, and the change from larva to adult. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development, including the metamorphosis of immature forms and the development of the reproductive system and the maturation of oocytes in adult females.
regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid from a cell.
regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormone.
regulation of juvenile hormone metabolism
regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormone.
regulation of juvenile hormone anabolism
regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthesis
regulation of juvenile hormone formation
regulation of juvenile hormone synthesis
regulation of juvenile hormone secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of juvenile hormone secretion.
OBSOLETE. The breakdown of tissues; usually, if not always, accompanied by cell death, followed by the complete dissolution of dead tissue.
The process in which the anatomical structures derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. The imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.
The eversion (turning inside out) of imaginal discs from their peripodial sacs, resulting in movement of the epithelium to the outside of the larval epidermis.
The emergence of an adult insect from a pupa case.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the emergence of an insect from a pupa-case or of a larva from an egg.
regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.
Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining.
The reproductive process in which the parent is separated from its offspring either by giving birth to live young or by laying eggs.
A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).
OBSOLETE. An aging process that has as participant a cell after a cell has stopped dividing. Cell aging may occur when a cell has temporarily stopped dividing through cell cycle arrest (GO:0007050) or when a cell has permanently stopped dividing, in which case it is undergoing cellular senescence (GO:0090398). May precede cell death (GO:0008219) and succeed cell maturation (GO:0048469).
obsolete age dependent accumulation of genetic damage
obsolete age-dependent general metabolic decline
OBSOLETE. A developmental process that arises as the cell progresses toward the end of its lifespan and cause changes cellular metabolism, resulting in a decline in cell function; for example, one aspect of general metabolic decline is a decrease in the efficiency of protein synthesis.
obsolete age dependent decreased translational activity
obsolete age dependent increased protein content
obsolete cell aging (sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. Process associated with continued cell division (budding) by the mother cell. Age is often measured by counting the number of bud scars on the cell.
OBSOLETE. The process of nucleolar expansion.
OBSOLETE. The cell aging process that results in the nucleolus breaking down into fragments.
obsolete autophagic death (sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. This process is a type of programmed cell death pathway similar to apoptosis and necrosis observed in multicellular organisms. It is characterized by cellular enlargement (necrosis) and presence of many autophagic bodies along with degradation of cellular components (nucleus, Golgi, ER), protein, DNA and RNA.
obsolete aging dependent sterility (sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. A haploid's inability to mate due to the loss of silencing at the mating-type loci, resulting in expression of both of the normally silent mating-type cassettes.
obsolete extrachromosomal circular DNA accumulation involved in cell aging
OBSOLETE. Increase in abundance, as cells age, of circular DNA molecules that originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, and replicated independently of chromosomal replication.
obsolete age-dependent yeast cell size increase
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.
respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system
The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds.
The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal.
obsolete fat body metabolic process (sensu Insecta)
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving the fat body. A fat body is a fat-containing cellular structure which serves as an energy reserve. As in, but not restricted to, the true insects (Insecta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:50557).
The periodic shedding of part or all of a chitin-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
obsolete protein-based cuticle development
OBSOLETE. Synthesis and deposition of a protein-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
The process of hardening of a chitin-based cuticle.
The adhesion of the puparia of Diptera to their substrate; normally effected by a 'glue' secreted by the larval salivary gland and expectorated at the time of pupariation.
The regulated release of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young.
The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers.
A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the interactions among high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor XII that lead to the activation of clotting factor X.
A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the self-limited process linking exposure and activation of tissue factor to the activation of clotting factor X.
The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part.
The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image.
The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into a molecular signal.
phototransduction, visible light, light adaptation
The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from visible light into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.
The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV light into a molecular signal; ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 400 nanometers.
phototransduction, ultraviolet radiation
The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound.
The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
OBSOLETE. The series of events required for the chemical composition of a soluble stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.
The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process.
The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity.
The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.
Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.
The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).
The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.
The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis.
The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.
The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.
The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes.
The behavior of an organism for the purpose of attracting sexual partners.
The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm.
negative regulation of female receptivity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances.
The specific behavior of an organism that recur with measured regularity.
rhythmic behavioral response to stimulus
rhythmic behavioural response to stimulus
Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
The specific actions or reactions of an organism that recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours.
The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites.
The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.
locomotory behavioral response to stimulus
locomotory behavioural response to stimulus
obsolete larval behavior (sensu Insecta)
OBSOLETE. Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics, as seen in insects.
The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.
The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of flight. Flight is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the air.
The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to an external stimulus.
Behavior associated with the intake of food.
feeding from vascular tissue of another organism
injection of substance into other organism during feeding on blood of other organism
The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus.
The actions or reactions of an individual in response to the orientation of a visual pattern. This is exemplified by some classes of insects which are able to detect and learn the orientation of a set of stripes and subsequently behaviorally discriminate between horizontal, vertical or 45 degree stripes.
behavioral response to pattern orientation
behavioural response to pattern orientation
The behavior of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus.
Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals.
behavioral response to chemical stimulus
behavioural response to chemical stimulus
The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to a chemical substance.
The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a nutritional stimulus.
behavioral response to nutritional stimulus, proboscis extension
proboscis extension in response to nutritional stimulus
Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of a mechanical stimulus.
behavioral response to mechanical stimulus
behavioural response to mechanical stimulus
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the meristem.
OBSOLETE. The electron-lucent layer of the basal lamina adjacent to the basal plasma membrane of the cells that rest on the lamina.
OBSOLETE. A layer of the basal lamina that contains collagen fibrils and connects the basal lamina to the underlying connective tissue.
obsolete membrane attack complex protein beta2 chain
The function of a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.
structural constituent of chitin-based larval cuticle
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of a larva. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
structural constituent of larval cuticle
structural constituent of pupal chitin-based cuticle
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of a pupa. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
structural constituent of adult chitin-based cuticle
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of an adult organism. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
obsolete calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule activity
OBSOLETE. A calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein (type I membrane protein) that interacts in a homophilic manner in cell-cell interactions.
The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
Binding to a microtubule, a filament composed of tubulin monomers.
obsolete structural protein of chorion (sensu Drosophila)
G protein-coupled photoreceptor activity
Combining with incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
G protein coupled photoreceptor activity
G-protein coupled photoreceptor activity
photoreceptor activity, G-protein coupled
A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.
OBSOLETE. Binding to a protein C-terminus, the end of a peptide chain at which the 1-carboxyl function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
Any protein complex that interacts with RNA polymerase II to increase (positive transcription elongation factor) or reduce (negative transcription elongation factor) the rate of transcription elongation.
cyclin/CDK positive transcription elongation factor complex
A transcription elongation factor complex that facilitates the transition from abortive to productive elongation by phosphorylating the CTD domain of the large subunit of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme. Contains a cyclin and a cyclin-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit.
positive transcription elongation factor complex b
obsolete diazepam binding inhibitor activity
OBSOLETE. The diazepam binding inhibitor is a 10kDa 86-residue polypeptide that acts as an endogenous ligand for a mitochondrial receptor (formerly regarded as a peripheral benzodiazepine binding site) in steroidogenic cells and regulates stimulation of steroidogenesis by tropic hormones. It also binds to the GABA-A receptor and modulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion and synthesis of acyl-CoA esters.
monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of monocarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A monocarboxylic acid is an organic acid with one COOH group.
prostaglandin/thromboxane transporter activity
Combining with a pentraxin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with a neuronal pentraxin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
The action characteristic of eclosion hormone, a peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, triggers the death of certain muscles and neurons during insect metamorphosis.
The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group.
OBSOLETE. Binding to a conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
high-density lipoprotein particle binding
Binding to high-density lipoprotein particle, a lipoprotein particle with a high density (typically 1.063-1.21 g/ml) and a diameter of 5-10 nm that contains APOAs and may contain APOCs and APOE.
Combining with a diuretic hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
The process in which a cell in an organism interprets its surroundings.
The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings.
The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets signals produced by potential target cells, with which it may form synapses.
obsolete storage protein of fat body (sensu Insecta)
obsolete iron-sulfur electron transfer carrier
OBSOLETE. An iron-sulfur protein that serves as an electron acceptor and electron donor in an electron transport system.
A ferritin complex located in the cell. Intracellular ferritin complexes contain 24 subunits, in a mixture of L (light) chains and H (heavy) chains.
OBSOLETE. Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism, as seen in insects.
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
Combining with an extracellular messenger and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to results in a change in cellular activity involved in axon guidance.
receptor activity involved in axon guidance
Binds to and increases the activity of an enzyme.
calcium sensitive guanylate cyclase activator activity
Binds to and increases the activity of guanylate cyclase in response to a change in calcium ion concentration.
The behavior of a male, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The behavior of a female, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner.
obsolete farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyl transferase complex
OBSOLETE. A complex that possesses farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyl transferase activity.
The process in which boundaries between a sensory organ and the surrounding tissue are established and maintained.
Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ocellus pigments, general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ocellus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the eye.
eye pigment granule organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the ocellus.
ocellus pigment granule organization and biogenesis
Binding to chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.
The timing of the emergence of the adult fly from its pupal case, which usually occurs at dawn.
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to the receptor Toll on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament.
The establishment of the barrier between the perineurium of peripheral nerves and the vascular endothelium of endoneurial capillaries. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the blood-brain barrier.
Combining with glutamate and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
obsolete metabotropic glutamate, GABA-B-like receptor activity
OBSOLETE. A G protein-coupled receptor that is structurally/functionally related to the metabotropic glutamate receptor.
extracellularly glutamate-gated chloride channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when glutamate is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.
extracellular-glutamate-gated chloride channel activity
dorsal/ventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium
Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal/ventral axis. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
dorsal/ventral axis determination, follicular epithelium
dorsal/ventral axis determination, ovarian follicular epithelium
dorsal-ventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium
dorsoventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium
maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, germ-line encoded
Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line.
maternal determination of dorsal-ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, germ-line encoded
maternal determination of dorsoventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, germ-line encoded
maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, soma encoded
Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, follicular epithelium, soma encoded
maternal determination of dorsal-ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, soma encoded
maternal determination of dorsoventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, soma encoded
ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of ornithine decarboxylase.
Complex that possesses guanylate cyclase activity and is not bound to a membrane.
obsolete receptor guanylate cyclase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate.
A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which potassium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential.
voltage-dependent potassium channel complex
voltage-sensitive potassium channel complex
obsolete Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein activity
The orderly movement of mesodermal cells from one site to another.
Functions in the termination of translation.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester to give a phosphomonoester and a free hydroxyl group.
The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.
imaginal disc growth factor receptor binding
Binding to an imaginal disc growth factor receptor.
obsolete phototransduction, visible light, light adaptation
light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel that is activated in response to light. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
light-activated voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
light-activated voltage gated calcium channel activity
light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel complex
A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential generated in response to a light stimulus.
light-activated voltage-dependent calcium channel complex
light-activated voltage gated calcium channel complex
light-activated voltage-sensitive calcium channel complex
The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in neuron projections.
The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.
The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell periphery toward the cell body in nerve cell axons.
Membrane associated dimeric protein (240 and 220 kDa) of erythrocytes. Forms a complex with ankyrin, actin and probably other components of the membrane cytoskeleton, so that there is a mesh of proteins underlying the plasma membrane, potentially restricting the lateral mobility of integral proteins.
Binding to a protein component of a cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).
The binding activity of a protein that brings together a cytoskeletal protein (either a microtubule or actin filament, spindle pole body, or protein directly bound to them) and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.
Catalytic activity that acts to modify DNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
DNA-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase activity
juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the epoxide in a juvenile hormone to the corresponding diol.
Binding to a 5S ribosomal RNA, the smallest RNA constituent of a ribosome.
Binding to an unprocessed 5S ribosomal RNA transcript.
OBSOLETE. Any member of the major class of lipid-transporting proteins found in the hemolymph of insects.
oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization
Establishment and maintenance of a specific axis of polarity of the oocyte microtubule network. The axis is set so that the minus and plus ends of the microtubules of the mid stage oocyte are positioned along the anterior cortex and at the posterior pole, respectively. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of asymmetric protein localization
establishment and maintenance of protein localization
Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde + NADPH + H+.
galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + beta-D-galactosyl-R = GDP + alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-beta-D-galactosyl-R.
alpha(1,2)-L-fucosyltransferase activity
alpha-(1->2)-L-fucosyltransferase activity
beta-galactoside alpha1->2 fucosyltransferase activity
beta-galactoside alpha-1->2 fucosyltransferase activity
blood group H alpha-2-fucosyltransferase activity
blood-group substance H-dependent fucosyltransferase activity
galactoside 2-L-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-beta-L-fucose:beta-D-galactosyl-R 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP fucose-lactose fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-L-fucose:lactose fucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphofucose-beta-D-galactosyl-alpha-2-L-fucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphofucose-galactoside 2-L-fucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphofucose-galactosylacetylglucosaminylgalactosylglucosylceramide alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphofucose-galactosylacetylglucosaminylgalactosyl-glucosylceramide alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphofucose-glycoprotein 2-alpha-fucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphofucose-glycoprotein 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphofucose-lactose fucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphospho-L-fucose-lactose fucosyltransferase activity
H-gene-encoded beta-galactoside alpha1->2 fucosyltransferase activity
H-gene-encoded beta-galactoside alpha-1->2 fucosyltransferase activity
secretor-type beta-galactoside alpha1->2 fucosyltransferase activity
secretor-type beta-galactoside alpha-1->2 fucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose.
galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
hexose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity
hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
UDPglucose-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.
galbeta1->4GlcNAc-R beta1->6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase activity
UDP-GlcNAc:Gal-R, beta-D-6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-acetyllactosaminide beta1->6-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
L-histidine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-histidine = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + L-glutamate.
histidine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA = (2R)-2-methylacyl-CoA.
nicotinamide N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nicotinamide = 1-methylnicotinamide + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:nicotinamide N-methyltransferase activity
peptide-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = peptide-L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin, and L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin. Can act on oxidized methionine in peptide linkage with specificity for the S enantiomer. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.
methionine S-oxide reductase (S-form oxidizing) activity
methionine sulfoxide (protein) reductase activity
methionine sulfoxide reductase A activity
methionine sulphoxide reductase A activity
peptide-L-methionine:thioredoxin-disulfide S-oxidoreductase [L-methionine (S)-S-oxide-forming] activity
peptide-methionine-(S)-S-oxide reductase activity
peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase activity
protein-methionine-S-oxide reductase activity
phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP+ = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH.
2-keto-6-phosphogluconate reductase activity
6-phospho-D-gluconate:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
6-phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase activity
gluconate 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + sarcosine = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2.
sarcosine:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = prostaglandin I(2).
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate 6-isomerase activity
sphinganine-1-phosphate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sphinganine 1-phosphate = phosphoethanolamine + palmitaldehyde.
dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate aldolase activity
sphinganine-1-phosphate alkanal-lyase activity
sphinganine-1-phosphate palmitaldehyde-lyase (phosphoethanolamine-forming)
sphinganine-1-phosphate palmitaldehyde-lyase activity
sphingosine-1-phosphate aldolase activity
N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein.
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein alpha-2,3-N-acetylneuraminyltransferase activity
cytidine monophosphoacetylneuraminate-beta-galactosyl(1->4)acetylglucosaminide alpha2->3-sialyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a thiopurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a thiopurine S-methylether.
mercaptopurine methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + N-acylsphingosine = UDP + D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine.
ceramide:UDPGlc glucosyltransferase activity
ceramide:UDP-glucose glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-ceramide glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-ceramide glucosyltransferase activity
ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: CoQH2 + 2 ferricytochrome c = CoQ + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+.
complex III (mitochondrial electron transport) activity
electron transporter, transferring electrons within CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex activity
electron transporter, transferring electrons within cytochrome c oxidase complex activity
ubiquinol:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity
ubiquinol-cytochrome c1 oxidoreductase activity
ubiquinol-cytochrome c-2 oxidoreductase activity
ubiquinol-cytochrome c2 reductase activity
ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity
ubiquinone-cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity
ubiquinone--cytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity
ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase activity
cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol + NADP+ + H2O.
cholesterol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (7alpha-hydroxylating)
cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity
cholesterol 7alpha-monooxygenase activity
4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4a-hydroxypterin = (6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-pterin + H2O.
(6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4a-hydroxypterin hydro-lyase [(6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-pterin-forming]
4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin dehydratase activity
4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin hydro-lyase activity
4alpha-hydroxy-tetrahydropterin dehydratase activity
4-alpha-hydroxy-tetrahydropterin dehydratase activity
pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratase activity
pterin-4alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase activity
pterin-4-alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase activity
tetrahydrobiopterin dehydratase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of proteins, including elastin. Preferential cleavage: Ala-Xaa.
Catalysis of the reaction: an acetic ester + H2O = an alcohol + acetate.
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + O2 + quercetin = 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate + CO.
quercetin:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of proteins with broad specificity for peptide bonds, with preference for a residue bearing a large hydrophobic side chain at the P2 position. Does not accept Val at P1'.
obsolete neutrophil collagenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of interstitial collagens in the triple helical domain. Unlike EC:3.4.24.7, this enzyme cleaves type III collagen more slowly than type I.
Catalysis of the reaction: a primary amine + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
amine oxidase (copper-containing) activity
primary-amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of proteins, including elastin.
Binding to a transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.
translation factor activity, RNA binding
Functions during translation by binding to RNA during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
translation factor activity, nucleic acid binding
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + ubiquinone + 5 H+(in) <=> NAD+ + ubiquinol + 4 H+(out).
complex I (electron transport chain) activity
complex I (mitochondrial electron transport) activity
complex I (NADH:Q1 oxidoreductase) activity
dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-coenzyme Q reductase activity
mitochondrial electron transport complex 1 activity
mitochondrial electron transport complex I activity
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex activity
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-coenzyme Q reductase activity
protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate; and protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
Binding to a nuclear localization sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the nucleus.
cAMP response element binding protein binding
Binding to a cAMP response element binding protein (a CREB protein).
3',5' cAMP response element binding protein binding
3',5'-cAMP response element binding protein binding
adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate response element binding protein binding
cyclic AMP response element binding protein binding
OBSOLETE. A glue which attaches the pupae to the substrate during metamorphosis, as in, but not restricted to, the true flies (Diptera, ncbi_taxonomy_id:7147).
Binding to oxysterol, an oxidized form of cholesterol.
Binding to a sequence of adenylyl residues in an RNA molecule, such as the poly(A) tail, a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA.
OBSOLETE. Binding to a drug, a naturally occurring or synthetic substance, other than a nutrient, that, when administered or applied to an organism, affects the structure or functioning of the organism;typically used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease.
Binding to phenylalkylamine or one of its derivatives.
Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfate group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to the hydroxyl group of an acceptor, producing the sulfated derivative and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of bone.
obsolete negative transcription elongation factor activity
OBSOLETE. Any activity that decreases the rate of transcription elongation, the addition of ribonucleotides to an RNA molecule following transcription initiation.
obsolete para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) synthase
A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.
metabolic process resulting in cell growth
multicellular organism metabolic process
para-aminobenzoic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins.
4-aminobenzoic acid biosynthetic process
p-aminobenzoic acid biosynthetic process
actin polymerization or depolymerization
Assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament.
obsolete larval behavior (sensu Drosophila)
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
Combining with a member of the hedgehog protein family and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
obsolete positive transcription elongation factor activity
OBSOLETE. Any activity that increases the rate of transcription elongation, the addition of ribonucleotides to an RNA molecule following transcription initiation.
protein tyrosine phosphatase activator activity
Binds to and increases the activity of a phosphotyrosine phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a tyrosyl phenolic group of a protein.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carbon atom of an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the nitrogen atom of an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the oxygen atom of an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the sulfur atom of an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in an RNA molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a nucleoside residue in an mRNA molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in a tRNA molecule.
tRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N7-methylguanine.
7-methylguanine transfer ribonucleate methylase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (guanine-7-N-)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity
transfer ribonucleate guanine 7-methyltransferase activity
tRNA guanine 7-methyltransferase activity
succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + ubiquinone = fumarate + ubiquinol.
fumarate reductase complex (i.e. FRD, involved in anaerobic respiration, repressed in aerobic respiration)
menaquinol: fumarate oxidoreductase activity
succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity
succinate dehydrogenase complex (i. e. SDH, involved in aerobic respiration, repressed in anaerobic respiration)
A protein complex that catalyzes the deneddylation of proteins, including the cullin component of SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase; deneddylation increases the activity of cullin family ubiquitin ligases. The signalosome is involved in many regulatory process, including some which control development, in many species; also regulates photomorphogenesis in plants; in many species its subunits are highly similar to those of the proteasome.
Catalysis of the reaction: glycogen + phosphate = maltodextrin + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of RNA, and it drives another reaction.
RNA-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase activity
Binding to a stretch of pyrimidines (cytosine or uracil) in an RNA molecule.
Combining with a neuropeptide to initiate a change in cell activity.
OBSOLETE. The function held by products which directly block any step in the process of apoptosis.
Binding to eukaryotic initiation factor 4E, a polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of metalloendopeptidases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain and contain a chelated metal ion at their active sites which is essential to their catalytic activity.
Catalysis of the posttranscriptional addition of a guanyl residue to the 5' end of an RNA molecule.
Catalysis of the posttranscriptional addition of a guanyl residue to the 5' end of a tRNA molecule; observed for His tRNAs.
Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from a UDP-sugar to a small hydrophobic molecule.
Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + phosphate.
3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
phosphatic acid phosphohydrolase activity
Receiving vitellogenin, and delivering vitellogenin into the cell via endocytosis.
Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of an ion channel.
Binding to heparin, a member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells and which consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds. It is the most important of the D provitamins and is converted to vitamin D2 on irradiation with UV light.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects. It is the inactive prohormone of the moulting hormone ecdysterone and may have intrinsic hormonal activity at other stages of insect development.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.
The addition of an alkyl group to a protein amino acid. Alkyl groups are derived from alkanes by removal of one hydrogen atom.
The removal of an alkyl group from a protein amino acid. Alkyl groups are derived from alkanes by removal of one hydrogen atom.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses, which is involved in nucleic acid packaging. Synthesis is regulated by ornithine decarboxylase which plays a key role in control of DNA replication.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.
The production of light by certain enzyme-catalyzed reactions in cells.
Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538).
OBSOLETE. The processes that cause necrosis, the death of tissues, in another organism.
obsolete Gram-positive antibacterial peptide activity
OBSOLETE. Inhibits the growth of, or directly kills, Gram-positive bacterial cells.
obsolete Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
OBSOLETE. Inhibits the growth of, or directly kills, Gram-negative bacterial cells.
Combining with the biogenic amine tyramine to initiate a change in cell activity. Tyramine is a sympathomimetic amine derived from tyrosine with an action resembling that of epinephrine.
G protein-coupled amine receptor activity
Combining with an extracellular amine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
amine receptor activity, G-protein coupled
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
The process in which a microorganism (or other particulate material) is rendered more susceptible to phagocytosis by coating with an opsonin, a blood serum protein such as a complement component or antibody.
OBSOLETE. Binds to microorganisms or other particulate material (for example, foreign erythrocytes) to increase the susceptibility of the latter to phagocytosis.
A heterodimeric complex containing the products of the insect genes Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp). Binding of ecdysone promotes association between the two subunits, and the receptor complex then initiates molting and metamorphosis by binding DNA and regulating the transcription of target genes.
A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) plus an associated corepressor such as SMRTER, which represses transcription of target genes.
A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) bound to the ligand ecdysone, which activates transcription of target genes.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.
peptidase activity, acting on D-amino acid peptides
peptidase activity, acting on L-amino acid peptides
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain, in a reaction that requires a free N-terminal amino group, C-terminal carboxyl group or both.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain.
Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal tripeptide from a polypeptide.
Catalysis of the release of C-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain.
Catalysis of the cleavage of non-standard peptide bonds releasing substituted amino acids such as pyroglutamate or cleave isopeptide bonds, such as many deubiquitinating enzymes.
peptidase activity, acting on peptides containing modified amino acids
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the specific cleavage of an Arg-Val bond in plasminogen to form plasmin.
obsolete lysosomal membrane hydrogen-transporting ATPase
OBSOLETE. Works in conjunction with acyl-CoA dehydrogenase to catalyze the oxidation of CoA and reduce ubiquinone. Part of the mitochondrial electron transport system.
1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase complex
An enzyme complex composed of two catalytic alpha subunits, which form a catalytic dimer, and a non-catalytic, regulatory beta subunit; the catalytic dimer may be an alpha1/alpha1 or alpha2/alpha2 homodimer, or an alpha1/alpha2 heterodimer. Modulates the action of platelet-activating factor (PAF).
2-acetyl-1-alkylglycerophosphocholine esterase complex
platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase complex
obsolete pre-mRNA splicing factor activity
OBSOLETE. An activity involved in the removal of an intron from a pre-mRNA.
A protein complex that is found in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of eukaryotes and transfers lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor to asparagine residues on nascent proteins. In yeast, the complex includes at least nine different subunits, whereas in mammalian cells at least three different forms of the complex have been detected.
tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3, in a tRNA molecule.
Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleotide + H2O = a nucleoside + phosphate.
deoxyinosine-activated nucleotidase (DIAN)
deoxyribonucleoside-activated nucleotidase (DAN)
nucleotide-specific phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-ribonucleotide + H2O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate.
5'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3'-ribonucleotide + H2O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate.
3'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase activity
The action characteristic of ecdysis-triggering hormone, a peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, initiates pre-ecdysis and ecdysis (i.e. cuticle shedding) through direct action on the central nervous system.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine.
ATP:protein-L-histidine Npi-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:protein-L-histidine N-pros-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein N(tau)-phospho-L-histidine.
ATP:protein-L-histidine Ntau-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:protein-L-histidine N-tele-phosphotransferase activity
Movement of the anterior ectoderm to the interior of the embryo.
obsolete transforming growth factor beta ligand binding to type I receptor
succinyl-CoA:3-oxo-acid CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + a 3-oxo acid = succinate + a 3-oxo-acyl-CoA.
3-oxoacid coenzyme A-transferase activity
acetoacetate succinyl-CoA transferase activity
acetoacetyl coenzyme A-succinic thiophorase activity
succinyl-CoA 3-ketoacid-CoA transferase activity
succinyl coenzyme A-acetoacetyl coenzyme A-transferase activity
Combining with allatostatin to initiate a change in cell activity.
pyrimidine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of mismatched pyrimidine bases in DNA. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove pyrimidines present in mismatches by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apyrimidinic (AP) site.
G/T-mismatch-specific thymine-DNA glycosylase activity
Mo-molybdopterin cofactor sulfurase activity
Catalysis of the sulfurylation of the desulfo form of molybdenum cofactor (MoCo), a cofactor required for the activity of some enzymes, such as aldehyde oxidase.
molybdopterin cofactor sulfurase activity
molybdopterin synthase sulfurylase activity
Mo-molybdopterin cofactor sulphurase activity
Binding to a sequence of uracil residues in an RNA molecule.
Binding to a polyglutamine tract, i.e. a series of consecutive glutamine residues, in a protein.
obsolete receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase signaling protein activity
JAK pathway signal transduction adaptor activity
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two molecules of the JAK signal transduction pathway, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.
secondary active sulfate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the secondary active transfer of sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other. Secondary active transport is the transfer of a solute across a membrane, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.
secondary active sulphate transmembrane transporter activity
The directed movement of sulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
calcium, potassium:sodium antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + K+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + K+(out) + Na+(in).
potassium-dependent sodium/calcium exchanger
A complex usually comprising two gamma-tubulin molecules and two conserved non-tubulin proteins. Some gamma-tubulin small complexes are thought to be the repeating unit making up the core of the gamma-tubulin ring complex.
gamma-tubulin small complex, centrosomal
gamma-tubulin small complex, mitotic spindle pole body
gamma-tubulin small complex, spindle pole body
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group (CH3-) to a protein.
regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway
regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway
regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
A protein complex that is required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes. The cohesin complex forms a molecular ring complex, and is composed of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) and kleisin proteins. For example, in yeast, the complex is composed of the SMC proteins Smc1p and Smc3p, and the kleisin protein Scc1p. In vertebrates, the complex is composed of the SMC1 (SMC1A or SMC1B) and SMC3 heterodimer attached via their hinge domains to a kleisin (RAD21, REC8 or RAD21L) which links them, and one STAG protein (STAG1, STAG2 or STAG3).
Combining with sulfonylurea, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
A protein complex that comprises four pore-forming (Kir6.x) and four regulatory sulphonylurea receptor (SURx) subunits and forms a transmembrane channel through which ions may pass. The opening and closing of the channel is regulated by ATP: binding of ATP to the Kir6.x subunit inhibits channel activity, whereas binding of Mg2+-complexed ATP or ADP to the SURx subunit stimulates channel activity.
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
positive regulation of cell population proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
positive regulation of cell proliferation
negative regulation of cell population proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
negative regulation of cell proliferation
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.
protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex
A complex, normally consisting of a catalytic and a regulatory subunit, which catalyzes the removal of a phosphate group from a serine or threonine residue of a protein.
Combining with a protein bride of sevenless (boss) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.
A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, thereby regulating the polymerization of actin monomers but not severing actin filaments.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to torso (a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
calcium- and calmodulin-responsive adenylate cyclase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate, stimulated by calcium-bound calmodulin.
calcium/calmodulin-responsive adenylate cyclase activity
calcium- and calmodulin-responsive adenylyl cyclase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a DNA molecule.
single-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.
single-stranded DNA specific exodeoxyribonuclease activity
ssDNA-specific exodeoxyribonuclease activity
Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
establishment and maintenance of intracellular RNA localization
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.
female germline ring canal formation, actin assembly
Recruitment and organization of actin filaments in female germline ring canals.
nurse cell ring canal formation, actin assembly
ovarian ring canal formation, actin assembly
A protein complex that contains one or more cysteine-type endopeptidases (also called caspases), which give the complex a peptidase activity with specificity for the hydrolysis of aspartyl bonds. These complexes may be involved e.g. in apoptotic or inflammation processes.
obsolete eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 complex
A protein complex that is composed of one alpha subunit and one beta subunit, both of which are members of the integrin superfamily of cell adhesion receptors; the complex spans the plasma membrane and binds to extracellular matrix ligands, cell-surface ligands, and soluble ligands.
Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect).
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a muscle fiber.
voltage-gated monoatomic anion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an anion by a voltage-gated channel. An anion is a negatively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
voltage-dependent ion-selective channel activity
voltage-gated ion-selective channel activity
double-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.
double-stranded DNA specific exodeoxyribonuclease activity
single-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.
single-stranded DNA 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease activity
single-stranded DNA specific 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease activity
ssDNA-specific 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease activity
double-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.
double-stranded DNA 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease activity
double-stranded DNA specific 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease activity
Binding to a 7S RNA, the RNA component of the signal recognition particle (SRP).
obsolete gurken-activated receptor activity
OBSOLETE. Combining with the ligand Gurken to initiate a change in cell activity.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor receptor binding to a ligand Gurken.
The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from meiotic G2 phase to M phase of meiosis I.
meiotic cell cycle G2/MI phase transition
structural constituent of vitelline membrane
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the vitelline membrane of an egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
Binding to a gurken growth factor receptor.
Catalysis of the covalent addition of an isoprenoid group such as a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue in a protein.
obsolete prenyl protein specific endopeptidase activity
protein transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a protein from one side of a membrane to the other.
obsolete Pro-X carboxypeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of a Pro-Xaa bond to release a C-terminal amino acid.
monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of cation from one side of a membrane to the other.
cation transmembrane transporter activity
transmembrane cation transporter activity
Binding to a methylated cytosine/guanine dinucleotide.
A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand-gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex.
protein tyrosine/threonine phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate; and protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a high voltage-gated channel. A high voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on high voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
high voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
high voltage gated calcium channel activity
low voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a low voltage-gated channel. A low voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on low voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
low voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
low voltage gated calcium channel activity
The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an mRNA encoding a histone.
stem-loop-containing histone mRNA 3'-end processing
female germline ring canal stabilization
Maintenance of the structural integrity of the ring canals connecting the female germline cyst.
gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate + O2 = carnitine + CO2 + succinate.
4-trimethylammoniobutanoate,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
alpha-butyrobetaine hydroxylase activity
gamma-butyrobetaine,2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase activity
gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase activity
OBSOLETE. A class of cell adhesion molecules that bind to carbohydrate via a lectin-like domain; integral membrane glycoproteins.
The pathways that regulate the duration of the adult phase of the life-cycle of an animal.
obsolete response to cocaine (sensu Insecta)
OBSOLETE. A change in state or activity of a mature individual as the result of a cocaine stimulus. As in, but not restricted to, the true insects (Insecta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:50557).
obsolete larval feeding behavior (sensu Insecta)
OBSOLETE. Feeding behavior in an insect larva.
Feeding behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.
Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.
Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.
The behavior of a larval organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.
The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.
negative regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.
attenuation of antimicrobial humoral response
downregulation of antimicrobial humoral response
down regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
down-regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
inhibition of antimicrobial humoral response
MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase activity
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), resulting in activation of MAPKKK. MAPKKK signaling pathways relay, amplify and integrate signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in response to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli.
A complex possessing an activity that couples ATP hydrolysis to the severing of microtubules; usually a heterodimer comprising a catalytic subunit (often 60kDa) and a regulatory subunit (often 80 kDa).
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + phosphorylated RNA polymerase II.
[RNA-polymerase]-subunit kinase activity
RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain kinase activity
The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form.
Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue.
The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity.
maternal determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo
The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by gradients of maternally-transcribed gene products; exemplified in insects by the morphogens, bicoid and nanos.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell.
Any process that modulates the size of a cell.
chitin-based embryonic cuticle biosynthetic process
Synthesis, including the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin and other components, and deposition of a chitin-based embryonic cuticle by the underlying epidermal epithelium. This tough, waterproof cuticle layer is essential to provide structural integrity of the larval body. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based larval cuticle. The insect larval cuticle is a secretion from epidermal cells that is shed at each molt. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based pupal cuticle. At the end of the prepupal period the insect is covered by the pupal cuticle which continues to be elaborated into the pupal period. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
Synthesis and deposition of the chitin-based cuticle of adults following the apolysis of the pupal cuticle. The adult insect cuticle contains cuticullin, a protein epicuticle and a lamellate procuticle. An example of this process is adult chitin-based cuticle development in Drosophila melanogaster.
adult chitin-based cuticle biosynthetic process
Any process in which the axon of a neuron is insulated, and that insulation maintained, thereby preventing dispersion of the electrical signal.
OBSOLETE. These are terms that have been removed from the active function ontology.
OBSOLETE. These are terms that have been removed from the active component ontology.
OBSOLETE. These are terms that have been removed from the active process ontology.
Catalysis of the transfer of sialic acid to an acceptor molecule, typically the terminal portions of the sialylated glycolipids (gangliosides) or to the N- or O-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylglucosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine to a sugar.
acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an oligosaccharide.
light-induced release of internally sequestered calcium ion
The process in which the detection of light triggers the release of internally sequestered calcium ions.
light-induced release of calcium from internal store
light-induced release of internally sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
light-induced release of internally stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
Catalysis of the transfer of a galactosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
Catalysis of the reaction: [thioredoxin]-dithiol + hydrogen peroxide = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + H2O.
The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.
mechanosensitive monoatomic ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an monoatomic ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + IkappaB protein = ADP + IkappaB phosphoprotein.
ATP:IkappaB protein phosphotransferase activity
A trimeric protein complex that phosphorylates inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB) proteins. The complex is composed of two kinase subunits (alpha and beta) and a regulatory gamma subunit (also called NEMO). In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to inhibitory IKB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.
cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O.
cholesterol,reduced-adrenal-ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (side-chain-cleaving)
cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme activity
cholesterol side-chain-cleaving enzyme activity
enzymes, cholesterol side-chain-cleaving
Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + donor-H2 + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxysteroid + H2O.
testosterone 15-alpha-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + donor-H2 + O2 = 15-alpha-hydroxytestosterone + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: coumarin + O2 + NADPH + H+ = hydroxycoumarin + H2O + NADP+.
testosterone 16-alpha-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + donor-H2 + O2 = 16-alpha-hydroxytestosterone + H2O.
Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into arachidonic acid and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water.
Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to a cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.
Catalysis of the formation of a hydroxyl group on a steroid by incorporation of oxygen from O2.
olfactory-specific steroid hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an oxysterol + NADPH + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxylated oxysterol + NADP+ + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + donor-H2 + O2 = 12-alpha-hydroxysteroid + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: a 14alpha-methyl steroid + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = a delta14 steroid + formate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].
lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase activity
Catalysis of the conversion of naphthalene to naphthalene 1,2-oxide.
Catalysis of the conversion of retinoic acid to 4-hydroxy-retinoic acid.
25-hydroxycholecalciferol-24-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) to form 24(R),25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase activity
arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activity
Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.
arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activity
Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the chaeta are generated and organized. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' end.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 5' end.
Catalysis of the transfer of a coenzyme A (CoA) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
4-hydroxybutyrate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a coenzyme A (CoA) group to 4-hydroxybutyrate.
4-hydroxybenzoate octaprenyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: farnesylfarnesylgeranyl diphosphate + p-hydroxybenzoate = 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.
para-hydroxybenzoate:polyprenyltransferase activity
para-hydroxybenzoate-polyprenyl diphosphate transferase activity
para-hydroxybenzoate transferase activity
PHB polyprenyl diphosphate transferase activity
8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-GTP) + H2O = 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine diphosphate (8-oxo-GDP) + phosphate. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-GTP) is the oxidised form of the free guanine nucleotide and can act as a potent mutagenic substrate for transcription.
7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine-triphosphatase activity
8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine triphosphatase activity
8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a CDP-alcohol group from one compound to another.
Catalysis of the transfer of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
protein-N-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-terminal L-asparaginyl-[protein] + H+ + H2O = N-terminal L-aspartyl-[protein] + NH4+. This reaction is the deamidation of an N-terminal asparagine residue in a peptide or protein.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of branched RNA structures that contain vicinal 2'-5'- and 3'-5'-phosphodiester bonds at a branch point nucleotide.
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-serine/threonine (consensus YSPTSPS) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.
RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain phosphatase activity
long-chain fatty-acyl-glutamate deacylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-long-chain-fatty-acyl-L-glutamate + H2O = a fatty acid anion + L-glutamate.
long-chain acylglutamate amidase activity
long-chain fatty acyl-glutamate deacylase activity
long-chain-fatty-acyl-glutamate deacylase activity
N-long-chain-fatty-acyl-L-glutamate amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-glucose residues with release of beta-D-glucose.
beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase activity
quercetin 3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside hydrolase activity
quercetin 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside hydrolase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the inactivation of bleomycin B2 (a cytotoxic glycometallopeptide) by hydrolysis of a peptide bond of beta-aminoalanine, but also shows general aminopeptidase activity. The specificity varies somewhat with source, but amino acid arylamides of Met, Leu and Ala are preferred.
glycoprotein 6-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP-L-fucose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}asparagine + GDP + H+.
GDPfucose-glycoprotein fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-fucose--glycoprotein fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-L-Fuc:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide alpha(1,6)fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-L-Fuc:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide alpha-(1,6)fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-L-Fuc:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide alpha(1->6)fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-L-Fuc:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide alpha-(1->6)fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-L-fucose--glycoprotein fucosyltransferase activity
glycoprotein fucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphofucose--glycoprotein fucosyltransferase activity
2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methylase activity
coenzyme Q biosynthesis methyltransferase activity
coenzyme Q biosynthetic process methyltransferase activity
ubiquinone biosynthesis methyltransferase activity
ubiquinone biosynthetic process methyltransferase activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of protein kinase C, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.
diacylglycerol-activated phospholipid-dependent PKC inhibitor activity
diacylglycerol-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C inhibitor activity
calcium-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a calcium-dependent protein kinase.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of ribonuclease.
Binding to a phosphatidylethanolamine, a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.
Binding to a vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.
Binding to JUN kinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation and activation of members of the JUN family.
OBSOLETE. Functions to retard or prevent coagulation. Often used in the context of blood or milk coagulation.
obsolete heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein
The action characteristic of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), a hormone released by the mammalian hypothalamus into the hypophyseal-portal circulation in response to neural and/or chemical stimuli. Upon receptor binding, TRH increases the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary.
obsolete 1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate kinase
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + a purine nucleoside = phosphate + a purine mononucleotide.
obsolete monophenol monooxygenase activator activity
OBSOLETE. Increases the activity of the enzyme monophenol monooxygenase.
inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
1D-myo-inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase activity
ATP:1D-myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphotransferase activity
inositol trisphosphate 3-kinase activity
inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase activity
3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H2O = adenosine 5'-phosphate + phosphate.
3'(2'),5' bisphosphate nucleotidase activity
3'(2'),5'-bisphosphonucleoside 3'(2')-phosphohydrolase activity
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate 3'-phosphatase activity
adenosine-3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate 3'(2')-phosphohydrolase activity
phosphoadenylate 3'-nucleotidase activity
3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + NAD+ = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a phosphofructose substrate molecule.
CDP-diacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol = 3-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + CMP + H+.
3-phosphatidyl-1'-glycerol-3'-phosphate synthase activity
CDPdiacylglycerol:glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDPdiacylglycerol:sn-glycero-3-phosphate phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDP-diacylglycerol:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDPdiacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDPdiacylglycerol-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity
cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDPdiglyceride):sn-glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatidyltransferase activity
glycerol 3-phosphate phosphatidyltransferase activity
glycerol phosphate phosphatidyltransferase activity
glycerophosphate phosphatidyltransferase activity
phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase activity
phosphatidylglycerol phosphate synthase activity
phosphatidylglycerol phosphate synthetase activity
phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase activity
phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthetase activity
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-aspartate + H2O + O2 = oxaloacetate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
D-aspartate:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-mannose + H2O.
GDP-mannose 4,6-hydro-lyase (GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose-forming)
guanosine 5'-diphosphate-D-mannose oxidoreductase activity
guanosine diphosphomannose 4,6-dehydratase activity
guanosine diphosphomannose oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4 L-ascorbate + O2 <=> 4 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O.
L-ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate.
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate amidohydrolase activity
acetylaminodeoxyglucosephosphate acetylhydrolase activity
acetylglucosamine phosphate deacetylase activity
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate amidohydrolase activity
N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate group of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate units of heparan sulfate and keratan sulfate.
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-sulfate sulfatase activity
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate 6-sulfohydrolase activity
N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate sulfatase activity
N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphatase activity
obsolete O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of O-sialoglycoproteins; cleaves the -Arg31-Asp32- bond in glycophorin A. Does not cleave unglycosylated proteins, desialylated glycoproteins or glycoproteins that are only N-glycosylated.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal amino acid, including proline, that is linked with proline, even from a dipeptide or tripeptide.
Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between a hydroxyl group at the end of one RNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another.
alanine-glyoxylate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + glyoxylate = pyruvate + glycine.
alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase activity
alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase activity
alanine-glyoxylic aminotransferase activity
L-alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase activity
alpha-1,3-mannosylglycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,4-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.
alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
alpha-1,3-mannosylglycoprotein beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
beta-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IV activity
N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IV activity
N-glycosyl-oligosaccharide-glycoprotein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IV activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:3-[2-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-alpha-D-mannosyl]-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-glycopeptide beta4-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IV
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-glycopeptide beta-4-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IV activity
alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.
acetylglucosaminyltransferase II activity
alpha-1,6-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
alpha-1,6-mannosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II activity
N-glycosyl-oligosaccharide-glycoprotein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II activity
UDP-GlcNAc:mannoside alpha-(1,6) acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-GlcNAc:mannoside alpha-1,6 acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:6-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-alpha-D-mannoside beta(1,2)-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-alpha-D-mannoside beta-1,2-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-mannoside alpha(1,6)-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-mannoside alpha-1,6-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminides.
alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminide N-acetylgalactosaminohydrolase activity
N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminidase activity
N-acetyl-alpha-galactosaminidase activity
beta-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminylgalactosylglucosyl-ceramide beta-1,3-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide.
poly-N-acetyllactosamine extension enzyme activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide beta-1,3-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-acetyllactosaminide beta1->3-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-carnitine + octanoyl-CoA = (S)-octanoylcarnitine + CoA.
carnitine medium-chain acyltransferase activity
easily solubilized mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase
medium-chain/long-chain carnitine acyltransferase activity
octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity
overt mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 6'-sulfate.
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS):chondroitin sulfate sulfotransferase activity
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:chondroitin 6'-sulfotransferase activity
chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase activity
chondroitin 6-sulphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-glucose = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H2O.
dTDP-glucose 4,6-hydro-lyase (dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose-forming)
thymidine diphosphoglucose oxidoreductase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of proteins to small peptides in the presence of ATP and magnesium. Alpha-casein is the usual test substrate. In the absence of ATP, only oligopeptides shorter than five residues are cleaved, for example, succinyl-Leu-Tyr-NHMec which is cleaved at the Tyr-NHMec bond, and Leu-Tyr-Leu-Tyr-Trp which is cleaved at the second Leu-Typ bond (cleavage of the Tyr-Leu and Tyr-Trp bonds also occurs).
Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine + formate.
N-formyl-L-methionine amidohydrolase activity
obsolete gamma-glutamyl hydrolase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of a gamma-glutamyl bond to release an unsubstituted C-terminal amino acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-glycerate + NAD+ = hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + glucosylglycogenin.
1,4alpha-glucan-protein synthase (UDP-forming) activity
alpha-1,4-glucan-protein synthase (UDP-forming) activity
UDP-alpha-D-glucose:glycogenin alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:glycogenin glucosyltransferase activity
[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 1 activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate. The [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate has a substrate consensus sequence of Glc(N2S>NAc)+/-6S GlcA GlcN2S*+/-6S GlcA>IdoA+/-2S Glc(N2S/NAc)+/-6S.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:heparin-glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase activity
glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase activity
heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase activity
heparin-glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase activity
heparin-glucosamine 3-O-sulphotransferase activity
histone arginine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone)-N-methyl-arginine.
histone-arginine N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:histone-arginine nomega-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:histone-arginine omega-N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 3-methyl-(2E)-butenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
3-methylbutanoyl-CoA:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
3-methylbutanoyl-CoA:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
isovaleroyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity
isovaleryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 4 benzenediol + O2 = 4 benzosemiquinone + 2 H2O.
obsolete metallocarboxypeptidase D activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-L-lysine (or peptidyl-L-arginine) + H2O = peptide + L-lysine (or L-arginine). Function is activated by Co2+; inhibited by guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine = L-proline + NH4.
L-ornithine ammonia-lyase (cyclizing; L-proline-forming)
ornithine cyclase (deaminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-protein + H2O = palmitate + protein.
palmitoyl-protein thiolesterase activity
procollagen-lysine 5-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.
lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase activity
lysine-2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase activity
procollagen-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxylating)
procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase activity
protocollagen lysine dioxygenase activity
protocollagen lysine hydroxylase activity
protocollagen lysyl hydroxylase activity
protein-tyrosine sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + protein tyrosine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + protein tyrosine-O-sulfate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:protein-tyrosine O-sulfotransferase activity
protein-tyrosine sulphotransferase activity
tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a N-D-ribosylpurine + H2O = a purine + D-ribose.
inosine-adenosine-guanosine preferring nucleoside hydrolase activity
N-D-ribosylpurine ribohydrolase activity
purine-nucleoside ribohydrolase activity
purine-specific nucleoside N-ribohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pyridoxal = ADP + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
ATP:pyridoxal 5'-phosphotransferase activity
queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA guanine + queuine = tRNA queuine + guanine.
[tRNA]-guanine:queuine tRNA-D-ribosyltransferase activity
guanine, queuine-tRNA transglycosylase activity
queuine transfer ribonucleate ribosyltransferase activity
transfer ribonucleate glycosyltransferase activity
tRNA-guanosine(34) preQ1 transglycosylase.
Catalysis of the reaction: sarcosine + H2O + electron-transfer flavoprotein = glycine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein.
monomethylglycine dehydrogenase activity
sarcosine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (demethylating)
sarcosine:acceptor oxidoreductase (demethylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + sphinganine = ADP + sphinganine 1-phosphate.
ATP:sphinganine 1-phosphotransferase activity
dihydrosphingosine kinase (phosphorylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + sulfite = H2O2 + H+ + sulfate.
Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: RSO-R' + H2O = RSOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a sulfuric ester bond, an ester formed from sulfuric acid, O=SO(OH)2.
diphosphoinositol-polyphosphate diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-1D-myo-inositol polyphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol polyphosphate + phosphate.
diphosphoinositol polyphosphate phosphohydrolase activity
diphosphoinositol-polyphosphate phosphohydrolase activity
diphospho-myo-inositol-polyphosphate diphosphohydrolase activity
obsolete prenyl-dependent CAAX protease activity
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glutamate + reduced vitamin K + CO2 + O2 = peptidyl-gamma-carboxyglutamate + vitamin K epoxide.
UDP-galactose:glucosylceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactose + a glucosylceramide = a lactosylceramide + uridine-5'-diphosphate. The glucosylceramide has sphinganine as the long chain base.
UDP-galactose glucosylceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity
arsenite secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of arsenite from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.
obsolete cAMP generating peptide activity
tetracycline transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of tetracycline from one side of a membrane to the other. Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).
Any of a group of soluble proteins functioning in the activation of ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.
protoheme IX farnesyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protoheme IX + (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = heme O + diphosphate.
protohaem IX farnesyltransferase activity
mannan endo-1,6-alpha-mannosidase activity
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosidic linkages in unbranched (1->6)-mannans.
1,6-alpha-D-mannan mannanohydrolase activity
1,6-beta-D-mannan mannanohydrolase activity
mannan endo-1,6-beta-mannosidase activity
OBSOLETE. The trans-bilayer migration of phospholipids accelerated by a phospholipid scramblase upon binding calcium ions.
UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetylglucosamine = galactose-beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine + UDP.
UDP-Gal:beta-GlcNAc beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity
obsolete glycine-, glutamate-, thienylcyclohexylpiperidine binding
Combining with melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, to initiate a change in cell activity. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine substance that stimulates the aggregation of melanosomes in melanophores, thus lightening the skin.
Combining with benzodiazepines, a class of drugs with hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsive, amnestic and myorelaxant properties, to initiate a change in cell activity.
monoamine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sucrose(out) + H+(out) = sucrose(in) + H+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: iodide(out) + Na+(out) = iodide(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(out) + Na+(out) = bile acid(in) + Na+(in).
monoatomic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a negatively charged ion from one side of a membrane to the other.
anion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + HCO3-(out) = Na+(in) + HCO3-(in).
sodium:bicarbonate cotransporter activity
sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter activity
sodium:potassium:chloride symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + K+(out) + Cl-(out) = Na+(in) + K+(in) + Cl-(in).
sodium/potassium/chloride symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in).
secondary active organic cation transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.
polyspecific organic cation transmembrane transporter activity
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.
sucrose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of sucrose from one side of a membrane to the other. Sucrose is the disaccharide O-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, a sweet-tasting, non-reducing sugar isolated industrially from sugar beet or sugar cane.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose(out) = hexose(in).
folic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) from one side of a membrane to the other. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.
folate transmembrane transporter activity
folate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Folate derivative (out) + anion (in) = folate derivative (in) + anion (out). The Reduced Folate Carrier (RCF(SLC19A1) acts by an antiport mechanism. RCF carries several folate derivatives: MTX, PMX, ratitrexed, pralatrexate, 5-methyl THF, and 5-formyl THF.
reduced folate transmembrane transporter activity
ammonium transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other. Ammonium is the cation NH4+ which is formed from N2 by root-nodule bacteria in leguminous plants and is an excretory product in ammonotelic animals.
ammonia transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-ascorbate(out) + Na+(out) = L-ascorbate(in) + Na+(in).
sodium-dependent L-ascorbate transmembrane transporter activity
sodium-dependent L-ascorbic acid transporter
acetyl-CoA transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of acetyl-CoA from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.
sodium-dependent multivitamin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: multivitamin(out) + Na+(out) = multivitamin(in) + Na+(in). Multivitamins include pantothenate, biotin and lipoate.
phosphatidylcholine transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of phosphatidylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phosphatidylcholine refers to a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
phosphatidylcholine transmembrane transporter activity
Removes phosphatidylinositol from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.
intermembrane phosphatidylinositol transfer activity
intermembrane phosphotidylinositol transfer activity
phosphatidylinositol transporter activity
Combining with soluble compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of taste.
G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity
Combining with a peptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
G protein coupled peptide receptor activity
G-protein coupled peptide receptor activity
peptide receptor activity, G protein coupled
peptide receptor activity, G-protein coupled
obsolete endogenous peptide receptor activity
OBSOLETE. Combining with an intracellular peptide to initiate a change in cell activity.
obsolete exogenous peptide receptor activity
OBSOLETE. Combining with an extracellular peptide to initiate a change in cell activity.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + riboflavin = ADP + FMN + 2 H+.
ATP:riboflavin 5'-phosphotransferase activity
N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.
galbeta1->4GlcNAc-R beta1->3 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
N-acetyllactosamine beta(1,3)N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-GlcNAc:Galbeta-(1,4)-GlcNAcbeta-r-beta-(1,3)-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-GlcNAc:Galbeta-1,4-GlcNAcbeta-beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-GlcNAc:GalR, beta-D-3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine beta-1,3-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in substrates containing five or more amino acids, preferentially with Ala in P1', and Pro in P2'.
oxidized purine nucleobase lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of oxidized purine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized purine and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction involves the formation of a covalent enzyme-substrate intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apurinic (AP) site.
2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5(N-methyl)formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase activity
2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5N-formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase activity
DNA-formamidopyrimidine glycosylase activity
DNA glycohydrolase [2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-(N-methyl)formamidopyrimide releasing]
formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase activity
oxidized purine base lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity
purine-specific oxidized base lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase), the terminal member of the respiratory chain of the mitochondrion and some aerobic bacteria. Cytochrome c oxidases are multi-subunit enzymes containing from 13 subunits in the mammalian mitochondrial form to 3-4 subunits in the bacterial forms.
A multisubunit complex that activates the hydrolysis of small nonubiquitinated peptides by binding to the proteasome core complex.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the activation of the proteasome, a large multisubunit complex which performs regulated ubiquitin-dependent cytosolic and nuclear proteolysis.
OBSOLETE. Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of the proteasome complex. The proteasome complex performs regulated ubiquitin-dependent cytosolic and nuclear proteolysis.
proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex
The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that directly associates with the proteasome core complex.
proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex
The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that forms the peripheral lid, which is added on top of the base subcomplex.
Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue.
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of tyrosine and threonine residues in a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), a member of a subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which signal in response to cytokines and exposure to environmental stress. JUN kinase kinase (JNKK) is a dual-specificity protein kinase kinase and requires activation by a serine/threonine kinase JUN kinase kinase kinase.
obsolete microtubule/chromatin interaction
OBSOLETE. Physical interaction between microtubules and chromatin via DNA binding proteins.
obsolete protein-synthesizing GTPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate. A GTPase involved in protein synthesis. In the initiation factor complex, it is IF-2b (98 kDa) that binds GTP and subsequently hydrolyzes it in prokaryotes. In eukaryotes, it is eIF-2 (150 kDa) that binds GTP. In the elongation phase, the GTP-hydrolyzing proteins are the EF-Tu polypeptide of the prokaryotic transfer factor (43 kDa), the eukaryotic elongation factor EF-1a (53 kDa), the prokaryotic EF-G (77 kDa), the eukaryotic EF-2 (70-110 kDa) and the signal recognition particle that play a role in endoplasmic reticulum protein synthesis (325 kDa). EF-Tu and EF1a catalyze binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal A-site, while EF-G and EF-2 catalyze the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site. GTPase activity is also involved in polypeptide release from the ribosome with the aid of the pRFs and eRFs.
obsolete signal-recognition-particle GTPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate. Activity is associated with the signal-recognition particle, a protein and RNA-containing structure involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein synthesis.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate. An enzyme that is involved in endocytosis and is instrumental in pinching off membrane vesicles.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate. An intrinsic activity of alpha-tubulin involved in tubulin folding, division plane formation in prokaryotic cells and others.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cd2+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Cd2+(out).
cadmium-translocating P-type ATPase activity
cadmium transmembrane transporter activity, phosphorylative mechanism
obsolete zinc, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, lead-efflux ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: Me2+(in) + ATP = Me2+(out) + ADP + phosphate, where Me is Zn2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+ or Pb2+.
P-type proton-exporting transporter activity
Enables the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + H+(out). These transporters use a phosphorylative mechanism, which have a phosphorylated intermediate state during the ion transport cycle.
hydrogen-/sodium-translocating ATPase activity
hydrogen exporting ATPase activity, phosphorylative mechanism
hydrogen-exporting ATPase activity, phosphorylative mechanism
proton-exporting ATPase activity, phosphorylative mechanism
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Na+(out); by a phosphorylative mechanism.
sodium exporting ATPase activity, phosphorylative mechanism
sodium-exporting ATPase activity, phosphorylative mechanism
sodium-translocating P-type ATPase activity
sodium transmembrane transporter activity, phosphorylative mechanism
P-type potassium transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in).
ATPase-coupled potassium transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent potassium transmembrane transporter activity
potassium transmembrane transporter activity, phosphorylative mechanism
Catalyses the reaction: ATP + H2O + guanine(out) = ADP + phosphate + guanine(in).
ATPase-coupled guanine transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent guanine transmembrane transporter activity
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + xenobiotic(in) = ADP + phosphate + xenobiotic(out).
ATPase-coupled xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity
ATP phosphohydrolase (xenobiotic-exporting)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporting ATPase activity
obsolete alpha-factor sex pheromone exporter
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + alpha-factor(in) = ADP + phosphate + alpha-factor(out). The export of the alpha-factor sex pheromone by an ABC-type (ATP-binding cassette-type) ATPase, characterized by the presence of two similar ATP-binding domains, that does not undergo phosphorylation during the transport process.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + protein+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + protein+(out); drives the concomitant secretion of proteins.
ATPase-coupled protein transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
mitochondrial protein-transporting ATPase activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the transport of proteins into the mitochondrion via the mitochondrial inner membrane translocase complex.
ATPase-coupled mitochondrial protein transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. The hydrolysis of ATP by dynein that provides the energy for the movement of organelles (endosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria) along microtubules to the centrosome.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. Catalysis of the severing of a microtubule at a specific spot along its length, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.
ATP phosphohydrolase (tubulin-dimerizing)
minus-end-directed microtubule motor activity
A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule toward the minus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed
ATP-dependent minus-end-directed microtubule motor activity
kinesin ATP phosphohydrolase (minus-end-directed)
microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed
minus-end-directed ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity
minus-end-directed kinesin ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. The hydrolysis of ATP by myosin that provides the energy for actomyosin contraction.
obsolete non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This is a highly diverse group of enzymes that perform many functions that are similar to those of chaperonins. They comprise a number of heat-shock-cognate proteins. They are also active in clathrin uncoating and in the oligomerization of actin.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. The hydrolysis of ATP required for the ATP-dependent assembly of nucleosome cores, in decondensation of sperm chromatin and in other histone-involving processes.
obsolete peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. ATP hydrolysis to import and assemble peroxisome components into the organelle.
plus-end-directed microtubule motor activity
A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule toward the plus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, plus-end-directed
ATP-dependent plus-end-directed microtubule motor activity
kinesin ATP phosphohydrolase (plus-end-directed)
microtubule motor activity, plus-end-directed
plus-end-directed ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity
plus-end-directed kinesin ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. The hydrolysis of ATP for channel gating and polypeptide unfolding before proteolysis in the proteasome. Six ATPase subunits are present in the regulatory particle (RP) of 26S proteasome.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. The hydrolysis of ATP by an AAA-ATPase, involved in the heterotypic fusion of membrane vesicles with target membranes and the homotypic fusion of various membrane compartments.
Catalysis of the reaction: JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphate + H2O = JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine + phosphate.
obsolete cytoskeletal regulator activity
obsolete ubiquitin-specific protease 5 activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the Gly76-Lys48 isopeptide bond of polyubiquitin.
regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junctions.
regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
The process in which an undifferentiated cell acquires the features of a mystery cell. The mystery cells are a precluster of cells that emerge from the compound eye morphogenetic furrow, normally positioned between R3 and R4. They then disappear into the surrounding pool of undifferentiated cells and have no known fate in the mature ommatidium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis
The process in which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized.
imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing margin are generated and organized. The wing margin is a strip of cells in the third instar disc at the boundary between the presumptive dorsal and ventral surfaces of the wing blade.
regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
regulation of hedgehog signaling pathway
regulation of smoothened receptor activity by patched
regulation of smoothened signalling pathway
regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
regulation of frizzled-2 signalling pathway
regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
The process in which the structures of a photoreceptor cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo
The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by the products of genes expressed maternally and genes expressed in the zygote.
anterior/posterior axis determination, embryo
calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase regulator activity
Binds to and modulates of the activity of the enzyme calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase.
calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase, intrinsic regulator activity
cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity
Modulation of the activity of the enzyme cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
3',5' cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity
3',5'-cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity
adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate-dependent protein kinase regulator activity
cAMP-dependent protein kinase, intrinsic regulator activity
cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity
obsolete protein kinase CK2 regulator activity
OBSOLETE. Modulation of the activity of the enzyme protein kinase CK2.
Modulation of the activity of the enzyme phosphorylase kinase.
phosphorylase kinase, intrinsic regulator activity
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
The process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex.
attachment of spindle microtubules to chromosome
alkylglycerone-phosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain alcohol = 1-alkyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain acid anion.
1-acyl-glycerone-3-phosphate:long-chain-alcohol O-3-phospho-2-oxopropanyltransferase activity
alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase activity
alkyldihydroxyacetone phosphate synthetase activity
dihydroxyacetone-phosphate acyltransferase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol.
peptidyl-lysine modification to peptidyl-hypusine
The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form hypusine, peptidyl-N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.
hypusine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-lysine
The action characteristic of a diuretic hormone, a peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, regulates water balance and fluid secretion.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of queuosines, a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.
obsolete RHEB small monomeric GTPase activity
A heterotetrameric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes processive DNA synthesis in the absence of PCNA, but is further stimulated in the presence of PCNA. The complex contains a large catalytic subunit and three small subunits, and is best characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are named Pol2p, Dpb2p, Dpb3p, and Dpb4p. Some evidence suggests that DNA polymerase epsilon is the leading strand polymerase; it is also involved in nucleotide-excision repair and mismatch repair.
An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and additional small histone fold subunits (generally two of these, but Xenopus has only one and some additional non-conserved subunits). CHRAC plays roles in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
The series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
induction of apoptosis via death domain receptors
induction of apoptosis via death receptors
granzyme-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals induced by granzymes which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a granzyme signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. Granzymes are serine proteases that are secreted by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells to induce apoptosis in target cells.
apoptotic signaling pathway in response to granzyme
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to changes in intracellular ion homeostasis, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone, and which triggers the apoptotic signaling pathway in a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a hormone signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hormone
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
induction of apoptosis by oxidative stress
oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
obsolete activation of pro-apoptotic gene products
OBSOLETE. The conversion of proteins that induce or sustain apoptosis to an active form.
obsolete negative regulation of survival gene product expression
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of survival gene product expression; survival gene products are those that antagonize the apoptotic program. Regulation can be at the transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational level.
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process and is mediated by cytochrome c.
activation of caspase activity by cytochrome c
obsolete activation of caspase activity by protein phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. Upregulation of the activity of a caspase, a group of cysteine proteases involved in apoptosis, by the addition of a phosphate group.
The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis.
OBSOLETE. Covalent addition of a specific tagging molecule to a protein, targeting the tagged protein for some fate e.g. degradation.
ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme activity
Catalysis of the activation of small proteins, such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
small protein activating enzyme activity
The directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbohydrates are a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
The process in which hexose is transported across a membrane. Hexoses are aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
OBSOLETE. A family of hormones that stimulate secretion of saliva and cause smooth muscle contraction and vasodilation.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a nucleoside residue in an rRNA molecule.
rRNA (uridine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methyluridine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
cellular amino acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipopolysaccharides, a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phospholipid, a lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
Any process that generates a pyrimidine-containing compound, a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a pyrimidine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process
Binds to and increases the rate of proteolysis catalyzed by a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase. ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase catalyzes the DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2.
Binding to penicillin, an antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
(3R)-hydroxymyristoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = tetradecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.
(3R)-hydroxymyristoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase activity
(3R)-hydroxymyristoyl-ACP dehydratase activity
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + H2O = 2-oxobutanate + NH4.
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate aminohydrolase (isomerizing)
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate endolyase (deaminating) activity
1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid deaminase activity
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H+ + pyruvate = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + CO2.
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate pyruvate-lyase (carboxylating) activity
1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity
pyruvate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose 1-phosphate = ADP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
ATP:D-fructose-phosphate 6-phosphotransferase activity
2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 3'-phosphate.
2',3'-cyclic AMP 2'-phosphohydrolase activity
2',3 '-cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity
2':3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase:3'-nucleotidase activity
cyclic 2',3'-nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase activity
cyclic phosphodiesterase:3'-nucleotidase activity
nucleoside-2',3'-cyclic-phosphate 3'-nucleotidohydrolase activity
ribonucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphate diesterase activity
Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 2'-hydroxyl group at the end of one DNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another.
2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate N-succinyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + H2O + succinyl-CoA = L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + CoA.
succinyl-CoA:(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate N-succinyltransferase activity
succinyl-CoA:2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate N-succinyltransferase activity
succinyl-CoA:tetrahydrodipicolinate N-succinyltransferase activity
tetrahydrodipicolinate N-succinyltransferase activity
tetrahydrodipicolinate succinylase activity
tetrahydrodipicolinate succinyltransferase activity
tetrahydropicolinate succinylase activity
2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate + NAD+ = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADH.
2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)adenylate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + ATP = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl 5'-adenylate + diphosphate.
2,3-dihydroxybenzoate-AMP ligase activity
ATP:2,3-dihydroxybenzoate adenylyltransferase activity
2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2,3-didehydroacyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans,trans-2,3,4,5-tetradehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.
4-enoyl coenzyme A (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
trans-2,3-didehydroacyl-CoA:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase activity
2-dehydro-3-deoxygalactonokinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + ATP = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + ADP + 2 H+.
2-keto-3-deoxygalactonate kinase (phosphorylating)
2-oxo-3-deoxygalactonate kinase activity
ATP:2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate 6-phosphotransferase activity
2-dehydro-3-deoxyglucarate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-glucarate = pyruvate + tartronate semialdehyde.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-glucarate tartronate-semialdehyde-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-glucarate tartronate-semialdehyde-lyase activity
2-keto-3-deoxyglucarate aldolase activity
alpha-keto-beta-deoxy-D-glucarate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + ATP = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate + ADP + 2 H+.
2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid kinase activity
2-keto-3-deoxygluconokinase (phosphorylating)
3-deoxy-2-oxo-D-gluconate kinase activity
ATP:2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphotransferase activity
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + pyruvate.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate-6-phosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate-6-phosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase activity
2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphogalactonate aldolase activity
2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonic acid aldolase activity
2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonic aldolase activity
2-oxo-3-deoxygalactonate 6-phosphate aldolase activity
6-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxygalactonate aldolase activity
6-phospho-2-keto-3-deoxygalactonate aldolase activity
phospho-2-keto-3-deoxygalactonate aldolase activity
phospho-2-keto-3-deoxygalactonic aldolase activity
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate = pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate-6-phosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate-6-phosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase activity
2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase activity
2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconic aldolase activity
2-keto-3-deoxygluconate-6-P-aldolase activity
2-keto-3-deoxygluconate-6-phosphate aldolase activity
2-oxo-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase activity
6-phospho-2-keto-3-deoxygluconate aldolase activity
phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconate aldolase activity
phospho-2-keto-3-deoxygluconate aldolase activity
phospho-2-keto-3-deoxygluconic aldolase activity
3-deoxy-8-phosphooctulonate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose 5-phosphate + H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate = 8-phospho-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate + 2 H+ + phosphate.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-octonate-8-phosphate D-arabinose-5-phosphate-lyase (pyruvate-phosphorylating) activity
2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphooctonate aldolase activity
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphooctonate aldolase activity
2-keto-3-deoxy-8-phosphooctonic synthetase activity
3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate-8-phosphate synthase activity
3-deoxy-D-mannooctulosonate-8-phosphate synthetase activity
3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid 8-phosphate synthetase activity
3-deoxyoctulosonic 8-phosphate synthetase activity
phospho-2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate aldolase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate:D-arabinose-5-phosphate C-(1-carboxyvinyl)transferase (phosphate-hydrolysing, 2-carboxy-2-oxoethyl-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantoate + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantoate + H+ + NADPH.
(R)-pantoate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
2-deoxy-D-gluconate 3-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-gluconate + NAD+ = 3-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate + NADH + H+.
2-deoxy-D-gluconate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
2-keto-3-deoxygluconate oxidoreductase activity
2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-glycerate + NADP+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + NADPH + H+.
(R)-glycerate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
tartronate semialdehyde reductase (NADPH) activity
2-octaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + O2 + 4 H+ = 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O.
3-demethoxyubiquinol 3-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-polyprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol + AH2 + O2 = A + a 3-demethylubiquinol + H2O.
2-octoprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + H+ = CO2 + succinate semialdehyde.
2-oxoglutarate carboxy-lyase (succinate-semialdehyde-forming)
alpha-ketoglutarate decarboxylase activity
alpha-ketoglutaric decarboxylase activity
pre-2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate = 2-oxopent-4-enoate + H2O.
2-keto-4-pentenoate (vinylpyruvate)hydratase activity
4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate hydro-lyase (2-oxopent-4-enoate-forming)
4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate hydro-lyase activity
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate = 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclic diphosphate + CMP.
2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol CMP-lyase (cyclizing; 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate-forming)
2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol CMP-lyase (cyclizing)
3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate = (2S)-2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate + formate + H+.
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + O2 = 5-formyl-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate + H+.
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 2,3-dioxygenase activity
homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase activity
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate + NADH + oxygen + H+ = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate + NAD+ + H2O.
3-demethylubiquinone-9 3-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinone-9 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinone-9.
5-demethylubiquinone-9 methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:2-nonaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone 3-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone-O-methyltransferase activity
3-deoxy-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = diphosphate + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate.
2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate cytidylyltransferase activity
3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase activity
CMP-2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid synthetase activity
CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate diphosphorylase activity
CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate pyrophosphorylase activity
CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate synthetase activity
CTP:3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase activity
CTP:3-deoxy-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase activity
CTP:CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase activity
cytidine monophospho-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate pyrophosphorylase activity
3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + NADP+ = 3-acetoacetyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.
(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
beta-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity
dehydrogenase, L-3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
L(+)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = (R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA.
3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA 3-epimerase activity
3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A epimerase activity
(3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 2,3-decenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] or 3,4-decenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.
(3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl-carrier-protein hydro-lyase activity
3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase activity
3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
3-hydroxydecanoyl-ACP dehydratase activity
3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydrase activity
3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase activity
3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl-carrier-protein dehydratase activity
beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase activity
beta-hydroxydecanoate dehydrase activity
beta-hydroxydecanoyl thioester dehydrase activity
3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxy benzoate = 2-octaprenylphenol + CO2.
3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase activity
3-polyprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase activity
3-polyprenyl 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase activity
polyprenyl p-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenylpropionate + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol.
3-phenylpropanoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2,3-hydroxylating) activity
4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate = 4-aminobenzoate + H+ + pyruvate.
4-amino-4-deoxychorismate pyruvate-lyase (4-aminobenzoate-forming)
4-amino-4-deoxychorismate pyruvate-lyase activity
4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose-uronate ketol-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate = 3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate.
4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose-uronate aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexulose uronate isomerase activity
5-keto-4-deoxyuronate isomerase activity
4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + glyoxylate.
2-keto-4-hydroxybutyrate aldolase activity
2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate aldolase activity
2-keto-4-hydroxyglutaric aldolase activity
2-oxo-4-hydroxyglutarate aldolase activity
2-oxo-4-hydroxyglutaric aldolase activity
4-hydroxy-2-ketoglutarate aldolase activity
4-hydroxy-2-ketoglutaric aldolase activity
4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase activity
DL-4-hydroxy-2-ketoglutarate aldolase activity
4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate = acetaldehyde + pyruvate.
4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase activity
4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate pyruvate-lyase (acetaldehyde-forming) activity
4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate pyruvate-lyase activity
4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate pyruvate-lyase activity
5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil + NADP+ = 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + H+ + NADPH.
5-amino-6-(5'-phosphoribosylamino)uracil reductase activity
5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil:NADP+ 1'-oxidoreductase activity
aminodioxyphosphoribosylaminopyrimidine reductase activity
5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate delta-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate = 5-carboxy-2-oxohept-3-enedioate.
2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-diene-1,7-dioate isomerase
5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate delta2,Delta4-2-oxo,Delta3-isomerase activity
5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate D-isomerase activity
5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconic acid isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-homocysteine = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-methionine.
5-methyltetrahydrofolate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
5-methyltetrahydrofolate--homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
5-methyltetrahydrofolate--homocysteine transmethylase activity
B12 N(5)-methyltetrahydrofolate homocysteine methyltransferase activity
B12 N5-methyltetrahydrofolate homocysteine methyltransferase activity
cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase activity
methionine synthase (cobalamin-dependent) activity
methyltetrahydrofolate--homocysteine vitamin B12 methyltransferase activity
N(5)-methyltetrahydrofolate--homocysteine cobalamin methyltransferase activity
N(5)-methyltetrahydrofolate methyltransferase activity
N(5)-methyltetrahydrofolic--homocysteine vitamin B12 transmethylase activity
N5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine cobalamin methyltransferase activity
N5-methyltetrahydrofolate methyltransferase activity
N5-methyltetrahydrofolic-homocysteine vitamin B12 transmethylase activity
N-methyltetrahydrofolate:L-homocysteine methyltransferase activity
tetrahydrofolate methyltransferase activity
tetrahydropteroylglutamate methyltransferase activity
tetrahydropteroylglutamic methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-beta-D-glucoside-(1,4)-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose 6-phosphate + glucose.
6-phospho-beta-D-glucosyl-(1,4)-D-glucose glucohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = 1-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.
6-phytase (name based on 1L-numbering system and not 1D-numbering)
myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate 6-phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cholate + NAD+ = 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADH.
7alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD+ 7-oxidoreductase activity
7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
7alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity
7-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + H+ + pimelyl-CoA = 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + CO2 + CoA.
6-carboxyhexanoyl-CoA:L-alanine C-carboxyhexanoyltransferase (decarboxylating)
7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid synthetase activity
7-keto-8-amino-pelargonic acid synthetase activity
7-keto-8-aminopelargonic synthetase activity
8-amino-7-ketopelargonate synthase activity
8-amino-7-oxopelargonate synthase activity
obsolete ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose synthase activity
ADP-glyceromanno-heptose 6-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-D-glycero-D-manno-heptose = ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose.
ADPglyceromanno-heptose 6-epimerase activity
ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose 6-epimerase activity
ADP-heptose-lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: heptosyl-KDO2-lipid A + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = heptosyl2-KDO2-lipid A + ADP + H+.
ADP-heptose:LPS heptosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + H2O = D-ribose 5-phosphate + adenine.
adenosine monophosphate nucleosidase activity
CDP-diacylglycerol diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + H2O = a phosphatidate + CMP + 2 H+.
CDP-diacylglycerol phosphatidylhydrolase activity
CDP-diacylglycerol pyrophosphatase activity
cytidine diphosphodiacylglycerol pyrophosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 D-alanine + ATP = D-alanyl-D-alanine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
alanine:alanine ligase (ADP-forming) activity
D-alanine:D-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
obsolete D-alanyl-D-alanine endopeptidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a D-amino acid + H2O + acceptor = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + reduced acceptor.
D-amino-acid:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (deaminating)
D-amino-acid:acceptor oxidoreductase (deaminating)
dihydroneopterin triphosphate 2'-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroneopterin triphosphate = dihydromonapterin-triphosphate.
D-erythro-7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate 2'-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + pyruvate.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-serine = pyruvate + NH3.
D-hydroxy amino acid dehydratase activity
D-serine ammonia-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
D-serine dehydratase (deaminating) activity
D-serine hydro-lyase (deaminating) activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the ATP-independent breakage of DNA, followed by passage and rejoining. It also catalyzes the relaxation of supercoiled DNA, and the decatenation and unknotting of DNA in vivo.
DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methyladenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methyladenine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methyladenine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methyladenine, leaving an abasic site.
deoxyribonucleate 3-methyladenine glycosidase I
DNA-3-methyladenine glycosidase I activity
DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase I activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an alkanesulfonate + O2 + FMNH2 = an aldehyde + sulfite + H2O + FMN.
alkanesulfonate, reduced-FMN:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
FMNH(2)-dependent aliphatic sulfonate monooxygenase activity
FMNH(2)-dependent alkanesulfonate monooxygenase activity
FMNH2-dependent aliphatic sulfonate monooxygenase activity
sulfate starvation-induced protein 6 activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + H2O = GDP + D-mannose + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = AMP + guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate.
ATP:GTP 3'-diphosphotransferase activity
ATP-GTP 3'-diphosphotransferase activity
guanosine 3',5'-polyphosphate synthase activity
guanosine 5',3'-polyphosphate synthetase activity
guanosine pentaphosphate synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tartrate = H2O + oxaloacetate.
(R,R)-tartrate hydro-lyase (oxaloacetate-forming)
L-(+)-tartaric acid dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-allo-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.
L-allo-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose = L-ribulose.
L-arabinose aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + O2 = iminosuccinate + hydrogen peroxide.
Catalysis of the reactions: (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoate + L-carnitinyl-CoA and 4-trimethylammoniobutanoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + L-carnitinyl-CoA.
L-carnitine hydro-lyase [4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoate-forming]
Catalysis of the reaction: L-fucose = L-fuculose.
L-fucose aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-fuculose + ATP = L-fuculose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:L-fuculose 1-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-fuculose 1-phosphate = (S)-lactaldehyde + glycerone phosphate.
L-fuculose 1-phosphate aldolase activity
L-fuculose-1-phosphate lactaldehyde-lyase activity
L-fuculose-1-phosphate S-lactaldehyde-lyase (glycerone-phosphate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnose = L-rhamnulose.
L-rhamnose aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L(or D)-ribulose = ADP + L(or D)-ribulose 5-phosphate.
ATP:L(or D)-ribulose 5-phosphotransferase activity
L-ribulose-phosphate 4-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-ribulose 5-phosphate = D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
L-ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine + NAD+ = L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate + CO2 + NADH.
L-threonine:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-xylulose = ADP + L-xylulose 5-phosphate.
ATP:L-xylulose 5-phosphotransferase activity
N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain bacterial cell-wall glycopeptides.
acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase activity
N-acetylmuramic acid L-alanine amidase activity
N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase type I
N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase type II
N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase activity
N-acylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminate = N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + pyruvate.
acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase activity
N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase activity
N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-ethylmaleimide + NADPH + 2 H+ = N-ethylsuccinimide + NADP+.
NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD+ and B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred) with respect to NADP+.
NAD(P) transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NAD(P)+ = FMN + NAD(P)H + H+. This reaction can utilize NADH and NADPH with similar reaction rates.
flavin mononucleotide reductase activity
NAD(P)H-dependent FMN reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + a quinone = NADP+ + a quinol.
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (quinone) dehydrogenase
Catalysis of the reaction: Lipid A-core + colanic acid = MLPS.
Catalysis of the polymerization of o-antigen chains. O-antigens are tetra- and pentasaccharide repeat units of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria and are a component of lipopolysaccharide.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoate + ATP + CoA = 2-succinylbenzoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.
2-succinylbenzoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
o-succinylbenzoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
o-succinylbenzoyl-CoA synthetase activity
o-succinylbenzoyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity
S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a substrate.
S-adenosyl methionine-dependent methyltransferase activity
SAM-dependent methyltransferase activity
UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxymyristoyl)glucosamine = 2,3-bis(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + UMP.
UDP-3-O-[3-hydroxymyristoyl] N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of an acetyl group from the 2-N position of glucosamine in the lipid A precursor UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine.
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine.
phosphoenolpyruvate:UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose 2-enoyl-1-carboxyethyltransferase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate:UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate:uridine-5'-diphospho-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxyglucose 3-enolpyruvyltransferase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate:uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyltransferase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate-UDP-acetylglucosamine-3-enolpyruvyltransferase activity
phosphopyruvate-uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine pyruvatetransferase activity
pyruvate-UDP-acetylglucosamine transferase activity
pyruvate-uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine transferase activity
pyruvate-uridine diphospho-N-acetyl-glucosamine transferase activity
pyruvic-uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enoylpyruvyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine.
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2'-epimerase activity
uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine-2'-epimerase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine 2'-epimerase activity
uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine 2'-epimerase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramate + NADP+ = UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine + NADPH + H+.
UDP-GlcNAc-enoylpyruvate reductase activity
UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-enoylpyruvate reductase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
uridine-5'-diphospho-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-3-O-lactylglucose:NADP-oxidoreductase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylpyruvoylglucosamine reductase activity
uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine-enolpyruvate reductase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramate-L-alanine ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramate = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine.
UDP-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine synthetase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramate:L-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine synthetase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine synthetase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramyl:L-alanine ligase activity
uridine 5'-diphosphate-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine synthetase activity
uridine diphosphate N-acetylmuramate:L-alanine ligase activity
uridine-diphosphate-N-acetylmuramate:L-alanine ligase activity
uridine diphospho-N-acetylmuramoylalanine synthetase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine-D-glutamate ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate.
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine:glutamate ligase (ADP-forming)
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate synthetase activity
uridine diphospho-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamate synthetase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamate-2,6-diaminopimelate ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-gamma-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate.
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate:(L)-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate:meso-2,6-diamino-heptanedioate ligase (ADP-forming) activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate synthetase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-tripeptide synthetase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamyl-2,6-diaminopimelate-D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + D-alanyl-D-alanine = ADP + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine.
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactopyranose = UDP-D-galacto-1,4-furanose.
UDP-D-galactopyranose furanomutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-sugar + H2O = UMP + sugar 1-phosphate.
nucleosidediphosphate-sugar diphosphatase activity
nucleosidediphosphate-sugar pyrophosphatase activity
UDP-sugar sugarphosphohydrolase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of Xaa-His dipeptides.
[acyl-carrier-protein] phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = 4'-phosphopantetheine + apoprotein.
[acyl-carrier-protein] 4'-pantetheine-phosphohydrolase activity
[acyl-carrier protein] phosphodiesterase activity
acyl-carrier-protein 4'-pantetheine-phosphohydrolase activity
acyl-carrier-protein phosphodiesterase activity
holo-acyl-carrier-protein 4'-pantetheine-phosphohydrolase activity
[citrate (pro-3S)-lyase] ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + (citrate (pro-3S)-lyase) (thiol form) = AMP + diphosphate + (citrate (pro-3S)-lyase) (acetyl form).
acetate:citrate-(pro-3S)-lyase(thiol-form) ligase (AMP-forming)
acetate:HS-citrate lyase ligase activity
acetate: SH-acyl-carrier-protein enzyme ligase (AMP)
[isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)] kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)) = ADP + (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)) phosphate.
ATP:isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) phosphotransferase activity
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP) kinase activity
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) kinase activity
isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase activity
isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase (phosphorylating) activity
isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase activity
[protein-PII] uridylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + (protein-PII) = diphosphate + uridylyl-(protein-PII).
protein-PII uridylyltransferase activity
UTP:[protein-PII] uridylyltransferase activity
UTP:protein-PII uridylyltransferase activity
acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+.
acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acetylating)
acylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
aldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acetate = a fatty acid anion + acetyl-CoA.
acetyl-CoA:acetoacetate CoA transferase activity
acyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase activity
butyryl CoA:acetate CoA transferase activity
succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate = ADP + acetyl phosphate.
acetate kinase (phosphorylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N2-acetyl-L-ornithine + H2O = acetate + L-ornithine.
2-N-acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase activity
N2-acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase activity
acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]-phospholipid O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + O-(2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine.
acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]-phospholipid O-acyltransferase activity
acyl-ACP-phospholipid O-acyltransferase activity
acyl-acyl-carrier-protein:O-(2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-ethanolamine O-acyltransferase activity
acyl-acyl-carrier-protein-phospholipid O-acyltransferase activity
acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-N-acetylglucosamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine.
(R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-acyl-carrier-protein:UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)transferase activity
acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase activity
acyl-ACP-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase activity
acyl-acyl-carrier-protein-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine acyltransferase activity
N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + N-acylneuraminate = diphosphate + CMP-N-acylneuraminate.
acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase activity
acylneuraminate cytidyltransferase activity
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate synthase activity
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate synthetase activity
CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase activity
CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase activity
CTP:N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase activity
cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase activity
cytidine 5'-monophosphosialic acid synthetase activity
cytidine 5-monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase activity
cytidine monophosphoacetylneuraminic synthetase activity
cytidine monophosphosialate pyrophosphorylase activity
cytidine monophosphosialate synthetase activity
cytidine monophosphosialic acid synthetase activity
adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O = adenine + S-D-ribosyl-L-homocysteine.
5'-methyladenosine nucleosidase activity
S-adenosylhomocysteine/5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase activity
S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase activity
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine homocysteinylribohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + H2O = putrescine + urea.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine = D-alanine.
Catalysis of the reaction: octane hydroperoxide + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + 1-octanol.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-allose-6-phosphate = D-allulose-6-phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-allose = ADP + D-allose 6-phosphate.
ATP:D-allose 6-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + D-glucose 6-phosphate.
alpha,alpha-trehalose-6-phosphate phosphoglucohydrolase activity
trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-altronate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + H2O.
D-altronate hydro-lyase (2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose = D-ribulose.
D-arabinose(L-fucose) isomerase activity
D-arabinose aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + L-arginine = CoA + N2-succinyl-L-arginine.
arginine and ornithine N(2)-succinyltransferase activity
arginine and ornithine N2-succinyltransferase activity
succinyl-CoA:L-arginine 2-N-succinyltransferase activity
succinyl-CoA:L-arginine N2-succinyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + H+ = agmatine + CO2.
L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)
aromatic-amino-acid:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate = an aromatic oxo acid + L-glutamate.
aromatic amino acid aminotransferase activity
aromatic-amino-acid transaminase activity
aromatic amino acid transferase activity
arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + reduced glutaredoxin = arsenite + oxidized glutaredoxin. Glutaredoxin functions as the electron donor for arsenate reduction. The electron flow therefore is ( NADPH -> glutathione reductase (EC:1.6.4.2) -> ) glutathione -> glutaredoxin -> arsenate reductase, i.e. glutathione is reduced by glutathione reductase and glutaredoxin is reduced by glutathione.
glutharedoxin:arsenate oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deamido-NAD+ + NH3 = AMP + diphosphate + NAD+.
deamido-NAD+:ammonia ligase (AMP-forming)
diphosphopyridine nucleotide synthetase activity
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase activity
bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-nucleosyl)tetraphosphate into two nucleotides.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = fumarate + NH3.
L-aspartate ammonia-lyase (fumarate-forming)
Catalysis of the cleavage of a beta-linked aspartic residue from the N-terminus of a polypeptide.
Catalysis of the reaction: a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid.
penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate = beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate.
beta-D-glucose 1,6-phosphomutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = betaine + NADH + H+.
betaine-aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase (symmetrical) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate + H2O = 2 ADP + 2 H+.
1-P,4-P-bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphate nucleosidebisphosphohydrolase activity
adenosine tetraphosphate phosphodiesterase activity
bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphatase activity
diadenosine 5',5'''-P(1),P(4)-tetraphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase activity
diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphatase activity
diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase activity
diadenosine polyphosphate hydrolase activity
diadenosine tetraphosphatase (symmetrical)
diadenosinetetraphosphatase (symmetrical) activity
diadenosine tetraphosphate hydrolase activity
dinucleosidetetraphosphatase (symmetrical) activity
dinucleosidetetraphosphate (symmetrical)
P1,P4-bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphate nucleosidebisphosphohydrolase activity
symmetrical diadenosine tetraphosphate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NH3 + CO2 = ADP + carbamoyl phosphate.
ATP:carbamate phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + ferrocytochrome b-561 = CO2 + 2 H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b-561.
carbon monoxide,water:cytochrome b-561 oxidoreductase activity
carbon monoxide:methylene blue oxidoreductase activity
carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (cytochrome b-561)
carbon monoxide oxygenase (cytochrome b-561) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide + H2O = 4 oxohex-2-enedioate.
4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide lactonohydrolase activity
carboxymethylene butenolide hydrolase activity
carboxyvinyl-carboxyphosphonate phosphorylmutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-carboxyvinyl carboxyphosphonate = 3-(hydrohydroxyphosphoryl)pyruvate + CO2.
1-carboxyvinyl carboxyphosphonate phosphorylmutase (decarboxylating)
carboxyphosphonoenolpyruvate phosphonomutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + phosphatidylglycerol = diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin) + glycerol.
diphosphatidylglycerol synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-carnitine = L-carnitine.
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal beta-D-glucans.
1,4-(1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase activity
endo-1,4-beta-D-glucanohydrolase activity
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: chloramphenicol + acetyl-CoA = chloramphenicol 3-acetate + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:chloramphenicol 3-O-acetyltransferase activity
chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: A + choline = AH(2) + betaine aldehyde.
choline:(acceptor) 1-oxidoreductase activity
choline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
choline:acceptor 1-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate = 4-hydroxybenzoate + pyruvate.
chorismate pyruvate-lyase (4-hydroxybenzoate-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + citrate = acetate + (3S)-citryl-CoA.
acetyl-CoA:citrate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: citrate = acetate + oxaloacetate.
citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-3S)-CH2COO-->acetate]
Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-citryl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate.
(3S)-citryl-CoA oxaloacetate-lyase (acetyl-CoA-forming)
(3S)-citryl-CoA oxaloacetate-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + 2 corrinoid + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 2 adenosylcorrinoid + 3 H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + 2 triphosphate. The corrinoid can be cob(II)yrinate a,c diamide, cob(II)inamide or cob(II)alamin.
aquacob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase activity
aquocob(I)alamin vitamin B12s adenosyltransferase activity
ATP:cob(I)alamin cobeta-adenosyltransferase activity
ATP:cob(I)alamin Co-beta-adenosyltransferase activity
ATP:cob(I)yrinic acid-a,c-diamide cobeta-adenosyltransferase activity
ATP:corrinoid adenosyltransferase activity
cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase activity
cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide adenosyltransferase activity
cob(II)yrinic acid-a,c-diamide:FMN oxidoreductase activity
cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide reductase activity
vitamin B12s adenosyltransferase activity
cobalamin 5'-phosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide-GDP + alpha-ribazole-5'-phosphate = adenosylcobalamin-5'-phosphate + GMP.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobinamide + ATP = cobinamide phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group of the 1-amino-2-propanol residue of cobinamide, in the presence of ATP, to form cobinamide phosphate.
cobinamide phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GTP + 2 H+ = adenosylcobinamide-GDP + diphosphate.
adenosylcobinamide kinase/adenosylcobinamide-phosphate guanylyltransferase
adenosylcobinamide-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
AdoCbi kinase/AdoCbi-phosphate guanylyltransferase
GTP:adenosylcobinamide-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
GTP:cobinamide phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
crossover junction DNA endonuclease activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at a junction such as a reciprocal single-stranded crossover between two homologous DNA duplexes (Holliday junction).
crossover junction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
crossover junction endoribonuclease activity
Holliday junction endonuclease CCE1 activity
SpCCe1 Holliday junction resolvase activity
obsolete crotonobetaine/carnitine-CoA ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: Cu+ + NAD+ + H+ = Cu2+ + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: cyanate + H2O = carbamate.
cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid cyclopropane fatty acid.
cyclopropane fatty acid synthase activity
cyclopropane fatty acid synthetase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:unsaturated-phospholipid methyltransferase (cyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfinoalanine = L-alanine + sulfite.
cysteine sulphinate desulphinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dATP + H2O = dAMP + H+ + diphosphate.
2-hydroxy-(d)ATP pyrophosphatase activity
2-hydroxy-(deoxy)adenosine-triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity
2-hydroxy-adenosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dCTP + H2O = dUTP + NH3.
deoxycytidine triphosphate deaminase activity
dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose.
dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose 3,5-epimerase activity
dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose 3,5-epimerase activity
TDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose-3,5-epimerase activity
TDP-4-ketorhamnose 3,5-epimerase activity
thymidine diphospho-4-ketorhamnose 3,5-epimerase activity
dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-L-mannose + NADP+ = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose + H+ + NADPH.
dTDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose reductase activity
dTDP-6-deoxy-L-mannose:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase activity
dTDP-6-deoxy-L-mannose dehydrogenase activity
reductase, thymidine diphospho-4-ketorhamnose
thymidine diphospho-4-ketorhamnose reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dGTP + H2O = 2'-deoxyguanosine + 2 H+ + triphosphate.
deoxyguanosine 5-triphosphate triphosphohydrolase activity
deoxyguanosinetriphosphate triphosphohydrolase activity
deoxyguanosine triphosphate triphosphohydrolase activity
deoxyribonuclease IV (phage-T4-induced) activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end-products.
deoxyribonuclease IV (phage T4-induced) activity
endodeoxyribonuclease IV (phage T(4)-induced) activity
endodeoxyribonuclease IV (phage T4-induced) activity
di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: di-trans-poly-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + di-trans-poly-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate.
bactoprenyl-diphosphate synthase activity
di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate undecaprenylcistransferase activity
di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl-diphosphate synthase activity
undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase activity
undecaprenyl-diphosphate synthase activity
undecaprenyl diphosphate synthetase activity
undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase activity
undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity
diaminohydroxyphosphoribosylaminopyrimidine deaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + H2O + H+ = 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + NH4.
2,5-diamino-6-(ribosylamino)-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate deaminase activity
2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidine 2-aminohydrolase activity
2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine 2-aminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + H+ = L-lysine + CO2.
diaminopimelic acid decarboxylase activity
meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate carboxy-lyase (L-lysine-forming)
meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate carboxy-lyase activity
meso-diaminopimelate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = meso-2,6-diaminopimelate.
LL-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate 2-epimerase activity
diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diaminopropionate + H2O = pyruvate + 2 NH3.
2,3-diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase (adding H2O; pyruvate-forming)
2,3-diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase activity
alpha,beta-diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase activity
4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate reductase
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate + NAD(P)+ + H2O = (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + NAD(P)H + H+.
2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
dihydrodipicolinic acid reductase activity
4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde = (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + H2O.
dihydrodipicolinic acid synthase activity
L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde hydro-lyase (adding pyruvate and cyclizing)
L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde hydro-lyase [adding pyruvate and cyclizing; (S)-2,3-dihydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate-forming]
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dihydropterate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + dihydrofolate.
7,8-dihydropteroate:L-glutamate ligase (ADP) activity
7,8-dihydropteroate:L-glutamate ligase (ADP-forming)
dihydrofolate synthetase-folylpolyglutamate synthetase activity
dihydropteroate:L-glutamate ligase (ADP-forming) activity
folylpoly-(gamma-glutamate) synthetase-dihydrofolate synthase activity
diphosphate-purine nucleoside kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + a purine nucleoside = monophosphate + a purine mononucleotide.
diphosphate:purine nucleoside phosphotransferase activity
diphosphate-dependent nucleoside kinase activity
pyrophosphate-dependent nucleoside kinase activity
pyrophosphate-purine nucleoside kinase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins. Typically, endochitinases cleave randomly within the chitin chain.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of large proteins such as globin, casein and denatured serum albumin, in presence of ATP.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 3'-phosphomononucleotides and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.
Catalysis of the reaction: enterobactin + 3 H2O = 3 N-23-dihydroxybenzoyl-L-serine + 3 H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: ethanolamine = acetaldehyde + NH3.
ethanolamine ammonia-lyase (acetaldehyde-forming) activity
obsolete exodeoxyribonuclease I activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the degradation of single-stranded DNA. It acts progressively in a 3' to 5' direction, releasing 5'-phosphomononucleotides.
obsolete exodeoxyribonuclease III activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the degradation of double-stranded DNA. It acts progressively in a 3' to 5' direction, releasing 5'-phosphomononucleotides.
Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage (in the presence of ATP) in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphooligonucleotides.
Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphomononucleotides.
obsolete exodeoxyribonuclease X activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of supercoiled plasma DNA to linear DNA duplexes.
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction.
Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NAD+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NADH + H+.
ferredoxin-linked NAD reductase activity
ferredoxin-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reductase activity
NADH2-ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
NADH-ferredoxinNAP reductase (component of naphthalene dioxygenase multicomponent enzyme system)
NADH-ferredoxinTOL reductase (component of toluene dioxygenase)
reductase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-ferredoxin
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + formate = CoA + pyruvate.
acetyl-CoA:formate C-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: formate + NAD+ = CO2 + NADH.
formyltetrahydrofolate deformylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + H+.
10-formyltetrahydrofolate amidohydrolase activity
formyltetrahydrofolate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate.
ATP:D-fructose 6-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate + NAD+ = D-fructuronate + H+ + NADH.
D-mannonate:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: galactarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O.
D-galactarate hydro-lyase (5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate-forming)
galactitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: galactitol-1-phosphate + NAD+ = D-tagatose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+.
galactitol-1-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + H2O.
D-galactonate hydro-lyase (2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate-forming)
galactoside O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a beta-D-galactoside = CoA + a 6-acetyl-beta-D-galactoside.
acetyl-CoA:beta-D-galactoside 6-acetyltransferase activity
thiogalactoside acetyltransferase activity
aminoglycoside 2''-nucleotidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + aminoglycoside = diphosphate + 2''-nucleotidylaminoglycoside.
2''-aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity
gentamicin 2''- adenylyltransferase activity
gentamicin 2''-nucleotidyltransferase activity
gentamycin 2''-nucleotidyltransferase activity
NTP:gentamicin 2''-nucleotidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O.
D-glucarate hydro-lyase (5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.
D-gluconate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.
quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + ubiquinone = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + ubiquinol.
D-glucose:(pyrroloquinoline-quinone) 1-oxidoreductase activity
D-glucose:ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity
glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-dependent) activity
glucose dehydrogenase (pyrroloquinoline-quinone) activity
quinoprotein D-glucose dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + phosphate.
alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
D-glucose-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + ATP = ADP-glucose + diphosphate.
adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase activity
adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase activity
ADP:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
ATP:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
ATP:alpha-glucose-1-phosphate adenylyl transferase activity
glucose 1-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + dTTP = diphosphate + dTDP-glucose.
dTTP:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase activity
glucose 1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase activity
thymidine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase activity
thymidine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronate = D-fructuronate.
D-glucuronate aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate = D-glutamate.
[glutamate-ammonia-ligase] adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)] = diphosphate + adenylyl-[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)].
adenosine triphosphate:glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase activity
ATP:[glutamate-ammonia-ligase] adenylyltransferase activity
ATP:glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase activity
ATP:L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) adenylyltransferase activity
glutamate-ammonia-ligase adenylyltransferase activity
glutamine-synthetase adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate + NADP+ + tRNA(Glu) = L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + H+ + NADPH.
L-glutamate-semialdehyde: NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-glutamyl-tRNAGlu-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + H2O = gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + spermidine.
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine:spermidine amidase activity
glutathionylspermidine amidohydrolase (spermidine-forming) activity
glutathionylspermidine synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + spermidine + ATP = N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate.
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine:spermidine ligase (ADP-forming) [spermidine is numbered so that atom N-1 is in the amino group of the aminopropyl part of the molecule]
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine:spermidine ligase (ADP-forming) activity
glutathione:spermidine ligase (ADP-forming) activity
glutathionylspermidine synthetase activity
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (non-phosphorylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O + NADP+ = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + NADPH.
dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde phosphate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NADP reductase activity
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP)
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP)
glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP)
NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
NADP-glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase
nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:(R)-glycerate 3-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:D-glycerate 2-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + NAD+ = glycerone + H+ + NADH.
NAD-linked glycerol dehydrogenase activity
glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a glycerophosphodiester + H2O = an alcohol + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.
glycerophosphodiester glycerophosphohydrolase activity
glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + glycine = L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate + CoA + H+.
2-amino-3-ketobutyrate CoA ligase activity
2-amino-3-ketobutyrate-CoA ligase activity
2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase activity
acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: guanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3.
guanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate) 3'-diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) + H2O = guanosine 5'-diphosphate + diphosphate.
guanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate) 3'-diphosphohydrolase activity
guanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate) 3'-pyrophosphatase activity
guanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate) 3'-pyrophosphohydrolase activity
penta-phosphate guanosine-3'-diphosphohydrolase activity
penta-phosphate guanosine-3'-pyrophosphohydrolase activity
guanosine-5'-triphosphate,3'-diphosphate diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 5'-triphosphate,3'-diphosphate + H2O = guanosine 5'-diphosphate,3'-diphosphate + phosphate.
guanosine-5'-triphosphate,3'-diphosphate 5'-phosphohydrolase activity
guanosine-5'-triphosphate,3'-diphosphate pyrophosphatase activity
guanosine 5'-triphosphate 3'-diphosphate 5'-phosphatase activity
guanosine 5'-triphosphate-3'-diphosphate 5'-phosphohydrolase activity
guanosine pentaphosphate phosphatase activity
guanosine pentaphosphate phosphohydrolase activity
holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + substrate-serine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + substrate-serine-4'-phosphopantetheine. The transfer of the 4'-phosphopantetheine (Ppant) co-factor from coenzyme A to the hydroxyl side chain of the serine residue of acyl- or peptidyl-carrier protein (ACP or PCP) to convert them from the apo to the holo form.
4'-phosphopantetheinyltransferase activity
4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase activity
acyl carrier protein holoprotein (holo-ACP) synthetase activity
acyl carrier protein synthetase activity
alpha-aminoadipate reductase phosphopantetheinyl transferase activity
alphaaminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase-phosphopantetheinyl transferase activity
alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase-phosphopantetheinyl transferase activity
CoA:apo-acyl-carrier-protein pantetheinephosphotransferase activity
CoA-[4'-phosphopantetheine]:apo-acyl-carrier-protein 4'-pantetheinephosphotransferase activity
coenzyme A:fatty acid synthetase apoenzyme 4'-phosphopantetheine transferase activity
holo-[peptidyl-carrier protein] synthase activity
holo-acyl-carrier-protein synthase activity
L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase-phosphopantetheinyl transferase activity
S-adenosylmethionine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-methionine.
adenosylmethionine:homocysteine methyltransferase activity
adenosylmethionine transmethylase activity
L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:L-homocysteine methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosylmethionine:homocysteine methyltransferase activity
S-adenosylmethionine homocysteine transmethylase activity
S-adenosylmethionine-homocysteine transmethylase activity
homoserine O-succinyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + succinyl-CoA = O-succinyl-L-homoserine + CoA.
succinyl-CoA:L-homoserine O-succinyltransferase activity
P-type potassium:proton transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out) + K+(in).
hydrogen:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
hydrogen/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
potassium:proton exchanging ATPase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ = 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2.
hydrogen:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
nickel-iron-selenium hydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + ATP = 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine 5-phosphotransferase activity
hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase (phosphorylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypyruvate = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate.
hydroxypyruvate aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
hydroxypyruvate ketol-isomerase activity
hygromycin-B 7''-O-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + hygromycin B = 7''-O-phosphohygromycin B + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:hygromycin-B 7''-O-phosphotransferase activity
destomic acid ring 7''-O-phosphotransferase activity
hygromycin B phosphotransferase activity
obsolete mannose-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group from GTP or GDP to a mannose molecule.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + inosine = ADP + IMP.
ATP:inosine 5'-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the integration of one DNA segment into another.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + isochorismate = 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate + pyruvate.
2,3 dihydro-2,3 dihydroxybenzoate synthase activity
2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate synthase activity
2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate synthase activity
2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoic synthase activity
isochorismate pyruvate-hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate = isochorismate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + kanamycin = ADP + 2 H+ + kanamycin 3'-phosphate.
aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:kanamycin 3'-O-phosphotransferase activity
neomycin-kanamycin phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = (S)-lactate + NADH + H+.
(S)-lactaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
L-lactaldehyde:NAD oxidoreductase activity
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-linked dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.
(R)- or (S)-propane-1,2-diol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
lactaldehyde:propanediol oxidoreductase activity
propanediol:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a lauroyl (dodecanoyl) group from one compound to another.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucyl-tRNA + protein = tRNA + L-leucyl-protein.
leucyl, phenylalanine-tRNA-protein transferase activity
leucyl/phenylalanyl-tRNA--protein transferase activity
leucyl-phenylalanine-transfer ribonucleate-protein aminoacyltransferase activity
leucyl-phenylalanine-transfer ribonucleate-protein transferase activity
leucyl-tRNA--protein transferase activity
L-leucyl-tRNA:protein leucyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosamine = 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + H+ + UDP.
UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)glucosamine:2,3-bis-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1-phosphate 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-glucosaminyltransferase activity
lipopolysaccharide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-lipopolysaccharide.
LPS N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:lipopolysaccharide N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lipopolysaccharide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-lipopolysaccharide acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
lipopolysaccharide 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,3 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.
lipopolysaccharide 1,3-galactosyltransferase activity
lipopolysaccharide galactosyltransferase activity
LPS 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:lipopolysaccharide 3-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:lipopolysaccharide 3-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:lipopolysaccharide alpha,3-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:polysaccharide galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphate galactose:lipopolysaccharide alpha-3-galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-lipopolysaccharide alpha,3-galactosyltransferase activity
lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase I activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + D-glucosyl-lipopolysaccharide.
lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase I
uridine diphosphate glucose:lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase I
uridine diphosphoglucose-lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase activity
lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a lipopolysaccharide + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = a heptosylated lipopolysaccharide + ADP + H+.
lipopolysaccharide-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,6 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.
long-chain fatty acid [acyl-carrier-protein] ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an acid + [acyl-carrier protein] = AMP + diphosphate + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.
acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthetase activity
acyl-acyl-carrier-proteinsynthetase activity
acyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthetase activity
long-chain-fatty-acid:acyl-carrier-protein ligase (AMP-forming) activity
long-chain fatty acid-[acyl-carrier-protein] ligase activity
long-chain-fatty-acid-[acyl-carrier protein] ligase activity
long-chain-fatty-acid-[acyl-carrier-protein] ligase activity
long-chain-fatty-acid-ACP ligase activity
long-chain-fatty-acid-acyl-carrier-protein ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + H+ = cadaverine + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + a quinone = oxaloacetate + a quinol.
(S)-malate:(quinone) oxidoreductase activity
(S)-malate:quinone oxidoreductase activity
FAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + maltose = CoA + acetyl-maltose.
acetyl-CoA:maltose O-acetyltransferase activity
mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NAD+ = D-fructose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + H2O.
D-mannonate hydro-lyase (2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate-forming)
mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GDP) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate + GDP + H+ = GDP-alpha-D-mannose + phosphate.
GDP:alpha-D-mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
GDP:D-mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
GDP:mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
GDP-mannose 1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphate-mannose 1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphomannose phosphorylase activity
mannose 1-phosphate (guanosine diphosphate) guanylyltransferase activity
mannose 1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycerone phosphate = methylglyoxal + phosphate.
glycerone-phosphate phospho-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
glycerone-phosphate phospho-lyase activity
methylthioadenosine nucleosidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: methylthioadenosine + H2O = adenine + 5-methylthio-D-ribose.
5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase activity
methylthioadenosine methylthioribohydrolase activity
S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine adeninehyrolase activity
obsolete murein DD-endopeptidase activity
Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues. Acts on linkages within peptidoglycan chains (i.e. not at the ends) to produce shorter strands with 1,6-anhydromuramic acid ends.
murein lytic endotransglycosylase E activity
Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues.
peptidoglycan lytic transglycosylase activity
A protein complex that regulates the TORC1 signaling pathway in response to nutrients. The KICSTOR complex is composed of KPTN, ITFG2, C12orf66 and SZT2.
inositol monophosphate 1-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 1-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.
inositol-1(or 4)-monophosphatase activity
L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate phosphatase activity
myo-inositol-1(or 4)-monophosphatase activity
myo-inositol-1(or 4)-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoyl-CoA + H+ = 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA + H2O.
dihydroxynaphthoic acid synthetase activity
O-succinylbenzoyl-CoA 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate-lyase (cyclizing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinamide + H2O = nicotinate + NH3.
D-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of D-aspartate from one side of a membrane to the other.
Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NAD(P)+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NAD(P)H + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nicotinate = N-methylnicotinate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
furanocoumarin 8-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:nicotinate N-methyltransferase activity
nicotinate-nucleotide-dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate + H+ + nicotinate.
N(1)-alpha-phosphoribosyltransferase activity
N1-alpha-phosphoribosyltransferase activity
nicotinate mononucleotide (NaMN):5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase activity
nicotinate mononucleotide-dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase activity
nicotinate-nucleotide:5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole phospho-D-ribosyltransferase activity
nicotinate-nucleotide:dimethylbenzimidazole phospho-D-ribosyltransferase activity
nicotinate ribonucleotide:benzimidazole (adenine) phosphoribosyltransferase activity
L-aspartate import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of L-aspartate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor.
A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 NO + 2 O2 + NADPH + H+ = 2 nitrate + NADP+.
nitric oxide,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ammonium hydroxide + 3 NAD(P)+ + H2O = nitrite + 3 NAD(P)H + 3 H+.
ammonium-hydroxide:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
NAD(P)H2:nitrite oxidoreductase activity
nitrite reductase (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)) activity
obsolete glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reactions: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + NAD(P)H + H+.
One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of oligopeptides, with broad specificity. Gly or Ala commonly occur as P1 or P1' residues, but more distant residues are also important, as is shown by the fact that Z-Gly-Pro-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ala is cleaved at the Gly-Gly bond, but not Z-(Gly)5.
regulation of cytoplasmic translational fidelity
Any process that modulates the ability of the cytoplasmic translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of Arg-Xaa and Lys-Xaa bonds in oligopeptides, even when P1' residue is proline.
Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of oligonucleotides to yield nucleoside 5'-phosphates.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential cleavage of Xaa-Yaa in which both Xaa and Yaa are Arg or Lys.
Catalysis of the reaction: oxaloacetate = pyruvate + CO2.
oxaloacetate beta-decarboxylase activity
oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
A giant secretory organelle that comprises a bulb-shape capsule containing a coiled hollow tubule structure attached to it. A cnida defines the phylum Cnidaria.
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + oxalyl-CoA = CO2 + formyl-CoA.
oxalyl-CoA carboxy-lyase (formyl-CoA-forming)
oxalyl coenzyme A decarboxylase activity
The removal of an amine group from an adenosine to produce inosine within a tRNA molecule.
A protein complex that possesses DNA methyltransferase activity.
palmitoleoyl [acyl-carrier-protein]-dependent acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a palmitoleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + alpha-KDO-(2->4)-alpha-KDO-(2->6)-lipid IVA = KDO2-(palmitoleoyl)-lipid IVA + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].
palmitoleoyl ACP-dependent acyltransferase activity
mitochondrial ADP transmembrane transport
The process in which ADP is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
contractile vacuole dissociation from plasma membrane
The dissociation of the contractile vacuole after discharge, from the plasma membrane. This interaction is mediated by detethering factors that initiate the process of tubulation and fragmentation of the empty contractile vacuole bladder, which is then reincorporated into the CV network.
contractile vacuole detethering from plasma membrane
Catalysis of the reaction: penicillin + H2O = a carboxylate + 6-aminopenicillanate.
alpha-acylamino-beta-lactam acylhydrolase activity
palmitoleoyl [acyl-carrier protein]-dependent acyltransferase activity
The directed movement of the contractile vacuole to a specific location.
establishment of contractile vacuole localization
obsolete peptidoglycan synthetase activity
plus-end-directed endosome transport along mitotic spindle midzone microtubule
The directed movement of an endosome towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an endosome to a microtubule, and ends when the endosome reaches its final destination.
peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n)-diphosphoundecaprenol + GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol = [GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n+1)-diphosphoundecaprenol + undecaprenyl diphosphate.
bactoprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-pentapeptide:peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
penicillin binding protein (3 or 1B) activity
undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-(N-acetyl-D-muramoylpentapeptide):undecaprenyldiphospho-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-muramoylpentapeptide) disaccharidetransferase activity
contractile vacuole tethering involved in discharge
The initial, indirect interaction between a contractile vacuole membrane and a site of discharge in the plasma membrane. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. Interaction can occur via direct binding to membrane phospholipids or membrane proteins, or via binding to vesicle coat proteins. This process is distinct from and prior to docking and fusion.
contractile vacuole tethering to plasma membrane
obsolete peptidyl-dipeptidase Dcp activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of unblocked, C-terminal dipeptides from oligopeptides, with broad specificity. Does not hydrolyze bonds in which P1' is Pro, or both P1 and P1' are Gly.
Binding to a protein upon post-translation modification of the target protein.
phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = phenylacetate + NADH + H+.
phenylacetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
phosphorylation-dependent protein binding
Binding to a protein upon phosphorylation of the target protein.
pore formation during contractile vacuole discharge
The formation of a transient pore in the plasma membrane and the attached contractile vacuolar membrane, to release water from the cell. This process does not involve fusion of the two membranes.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + phosphate = CoA + acetyl phosphate.
acetyl-CoA:phosphate acetyltransferase activity
The cellular processes that contribute to exocytosis.
phosphatidylglycerol-membrane-oligosaccharide glycerophosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + membrane-derived-oligosaccharide D-glucose = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + membrane-derived-oligosaccharide 6-(glycerophospho)-D-glucose.
oligosaccharide glycerophosphotransferase activity
phosphatidylglycerol:membrane-derived-oligosaccharide-D-glucose glycerophosphotransferase activity
Binding to a protein upon methylation of the target protein.
phosphatidylglycerol-prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of the diacylglyceryl group from phosphatidylglycerol to the sulfhydryl group of the prospective N-terminal cysteine residue in an unmodified prolipoprotein.
ubiquitination-like modification-dependent protein binding
Binding to a protein upon modification by a ubiquitin-like protein of the target protein.
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerophosphate + H2O = phosphatidylglycerol + phosphate.
phosphatidylglycerol phosphatase activity
phosphatidylglycerol phosphate phosphatase activity
phosphatidylglycerophosphate phosphohydrolase activity
Binding to a protein upon glycosylation of the target protein.
phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol.
phosphoacetylmuramoylpentapeptidetransferase activity
phosphoacetylmuramoylpentapeptide translocase activity
phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide transferase activity
phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl pentapeptide translocase activity
phospho-NAc-muramoyl-pentapeptide translocase (UMP) activity
UDP-MurAc(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala):undecaprenyl-phosphate phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase activity
UDP-MurNAc-Ala-gammaDGlu-Lys-DAla-DAla:undecaprenylphosphate transferase activity
UDP-MurNAc-Ala-gamma-DGlu-Lys-DAla-DAla:undecaprenylphosphate transferase activity
UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-gamma-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala:C(55)-isoprenoid alcohol transferase activity
UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-gamma-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala:C55-isoprenoid alcohol transferase activity
UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide phosphotransferase activity
Binding to a protein upon acetylation of the target protein.
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + oxaloacetate = phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-.
phosphate:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding phosphate; phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)
phosphate:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (phosphorylating)
phosphopyruvate (phosphate) carboxylase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + protein L-histidine = pyruvate + protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine.
enzyme I of the phosphotransferase system
phosphoenolpyruvate:protein-L-histidine Npi-phosphotransferase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate:protein-L-histidine N-pros-phosphotransferase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate--protein phosphatase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate sugar phosphotransferase enzyme I activity
phosphopyruvate--protein factor phosphotransferase activity
phosphopyruvate--protein phosphotransferase activity
sugar--PEP phosphotransferase enzyme I activity
cell-cell adhesion in response to extracellular stimulus
The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules as a result of an extracellular stimulus.
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.
alpha-D-glucosamine 1,6-phosphomutase activity
D-glucosamine 1,6-phosphomutase activity
Binding to a protein upon ubiquitination of the target protein.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phosphoglycolate + H2O = glycolate + phosphate.
2-phosphoglycolate phosphohydrolase activity
Binding to a protein upon sumoylation of the target protein.
D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-sedoheptulose-7-phosphate = D-alpha,beta-D-heptose 7-phosphate.
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts of a lipid droplet.
lipid droplet localization to prospore membrane leading edge
Any process in which a lipid droplet is transported to, or maintained to the prospore membrane leading edge.
adiposome localization to ascospore-type prospore membrane leading edge
adiposome localization to forespore membrane leading edge
adiposome localization to FSM membrane leading edge
lipid body localization to ascospore-type prospore membrane leading edge
lipid body localization to forespore membrane leading edge
lipid body localization to FSM membrane leading edge
lipid particle localization to ascospore-type prospore membrane leading edge
lipid particle localization to forespore membrane leading edge
lipid particle localization to FSM membrane leading edge
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 2-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.
phosphatidylcholine 1-acylhydrolase activity
mitochondrial polycistronic RNA processing
The conversion of polycistronic RNA transcribed from a mitochondrial genome into mono- or bi-cistronic RNAs.
cellular detoxification of methylglyoxal
Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of methylglyoxal. These may include chemical modification or transport of methylglyoxal away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine = ADP + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine.
ATP:4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine phosphotransferase activity
hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphokinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 1-phosphate = D-ribose 5-phosphate.
alpha-D-glucose-1,6-bisphosphate:deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate phosphotransferase activity
alpha-D-ribose 1,5-phosphomutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate + ATP = D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:D-ribulose-5-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential cleavage of Tyr16-Leu17 and Phe25-Tyr26 bonds of oxidized insulin B chain. Also acts on other substrates of Molecular weight less than 7 kDa such as insulin and glucagon.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + phosphate(n) = ADP + phosphate(n+1).
ATP:polyphosphate phosphotransferase activity
ATP-polyphosphate phosphotransferase activity
negative regulation of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition.
prephenate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + prephenate = (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + CO2 + NADH.
chorismate mutase--prephenate dehydrogenase activity
prephenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
positive regulation of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of a Gly-Phe bond to release an N-terminal, basic peptide of 5-8 residues from type IV prepilin, and then N-methylates the new N-terminal amino group, the methyl donor being S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
manganese ion export across plasma membrane
The directed movement of manganese ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.
Catalysis of the integration of prophage DNA into a target DNA molecule, usually a bacterial chromosome, via a sequence-specific recombination event which involves the formation of an intasome, a DNA-protein-complex designed for site-specific recombination of the phage and host DNA.
integrase activity involved in establishment of integrated proviral latency
regulation of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + propanoate = ADP + propanoyl phosphate.
ATP:propanoate phosphotransferase activity
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sugar(out) = protein histidine + sugar phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system
PEP-dependent phosphotransferase enzyme II
PEP--sugar phosphotransferase enzyme II activity
phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase enzyme II
phosphohistidinoprotein-hexose phosphotransferase activity
phosphoprotein factor-hexose phosophotransferase activity
phosphotransfer-driven group translocator
protein-Np-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase activity
cellular response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxidized lipoprotein particle stimulus.
cellular response to oxidised LDL particle stimulus
cellular response to oxidized LDL particle stimulus
cellular response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
cellular response to oxLDL particle stimulus
cellular response to ox-LDL particle stimulus
protein-glutamate O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-glutamate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-glutamate 5-methyl ester; this reaction is the methylation of peptidyl-L-glutamate to form peptidyl-L-glutamate 5-methyl ester.
methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein methyltransferase II
methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein O-methyltransferase activity
protein(aspartate)methyltransferase activity
protein(carboxyl)methyltransferase activity
protein carboxyl-O-methyltransferase activity
protein carboxymethyltransferase activity
protein glutamate O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protein-L-glutamate O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosylmethionine:protein-carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosylmethionine-glutamyl methyltransferase activity
The process in which a mitochondrial gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
protein-glutamate methylesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamate O(5)-methyl ester + H2O = protein L-glutamate + methanol.
chemotaxis-specific methylesterase activity
methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein methyl-esterase activity
protein-L-glutamate-5-O-methyl-ester acylhydrolase activity
protein-L-glutamate-O5-methyl-ester acylhydrolase activity
The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized into branches. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.
branching morphogenesis of a neuron projection
obsolete pyruvate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + ferricytochrome b1 + H2O = CO2 + acetate + ferrocytochrome b1.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated and organized into dendritic branches.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + pyruvate = AMP + 3 H+ + phosphate + phosphoenolpyruvate.
ATP:pyruvate, water phosphotransferase activity
pyruvate-water dikinase (phosphorylating)
organelle localization by membrane tethering
The process by which an organelle membrane interacts with another membrane via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other.
Catalysis of the reaction: iminoaspartate + dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate = quinolinate + 2 H2O + phosphate.
The attachment of a mitochondrial membrane to a vacuolar membrane via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.
rRNA (adenine-N6-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N6-methyladenine.
ribonucleic acid-adenine (N(6)) methylase activity
ribonucleic acid-adenine (N6) methylase activity
ribosomal ribonucleate adenine 6-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:rRNA (adenine-6-N-)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:rRNA (adenine-N6-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formylcytosine+ 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-carboxylcytosine + succinate + CO2.
rRNA (guanine-N1-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N1-methylguanine.
ribosomal ribonucleate guanine 1-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:rRNA (guanine-1-N-)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:rRNA (guanine-N1-)-methyltransferase activity
rRNA (guanine-N2-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N2-methylguanine.
ribosomal ribonucleate guanine-2-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:rRNA (guanine-2-N-)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:rRNA (guanine-N2-)-methyltransferase activity
The process in which the terminal anatomical structures of an axon are generated and organized into branches of specialised projections, or boutons. An axon is the long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminal branches.
obsolete serine-type signal peptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of a signal peptide from a protein precursor by a serine endopeptidase mechanism.
5-hydroxymethylcytosine dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-formylcytosine + succinate + CO2.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of Ala-Gly bond in repressor lexA.
The crotonylation of a lysine residue in a protein. Crotonyl is the univalent radical CH3-CH=CH-CO- derived from crotonic acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-rhamnulose = ADP + L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate.
ATP:L-rhamnulose 1-phosphotransferase activity
The butyrylation of a lysine residue in a protein. Butyryl is the univalent radical C3H7COO- derived from butyric acid.
rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate = glycerone phosphate + (S)-lactaldehyde.
L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate aldolase activity
L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate lactaldehyde-lyase activity
L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate S-lactaldehyde-lyase (glycerone-phosphate-forming)
L-rhamnulose-phosphate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: crotonyl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-crotonyl-lysine-peptide.
Catalysis of the cleavage of single-stranded RNA that is monophosphorylated at its 5'-end; cleavage occurs predominantly at 5 nucleotides from the 5'-end and in A + U-rich regions, and is blocked by the presence of a 5'-triphosphate group.
Catalysis of the reaction: butyryl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-butyryl-lysine-peptide.
Catalysis of the cleavage of single-stranded RNA that is monophosphorylated at its 5'-end; cleavage occurs predominantly at positions 5 and 6 nucleotides from the 5'-end and in A + U-rich regions, and is blocked by the presence of a 5'-triphosphate group.
Enables the transfer of hydrogen peroxide from one side of a membrane to the other.
hydrogen peroxide transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction, leaving an undigested core of 3-5 nucleotides.
ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ribonucleoside triphosphate + thioredoxin.
2'-deoxyribonucleoside-triphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase activity
2'-deoxyribonucleoside-triphosphate:thioredoxin-disulfide 2'-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: crotonyl-CoA + histone = CoA + crotonyl-histone.
peptide-alanine-alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-alanyl-peptide = CoA + H+ + N-terminal N-alpha-acetyl-L-alanyl-peptide.
acetyl-CoA:ribosomal-protein-L-alanine N-acetyltransferase activity
ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase activity
ribosomal protein S18 acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: butyryl-CoA + histone = CoA + butyryl-histone.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor = hydrogen selenide + L-alanine + acceptor.
L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition
A transition where a cardiac endothelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. Endocardial cells (specialized endothelial cells that line the heart) undergo EndMT, and give rise to mesenchymal cells necessary for proper heart development. EndMT, specifically generates valve progenitor cells that give rise to the mitral and tricuspid valves. EndMT also contributes to endocardial cushion formation, as well as to generation of cardiac fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, but not cardiac myocytes.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + acetyl-CoA = O-acetyl-L-serine + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:L-serine O-acetyltransferase activity
Any process that controls lipoprotein transport.
serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (Ac)2-L-Lys-D-alanyl-D-alanine + H2O = (Ac)2-L-Lys-D-alanine + D-alanine.
D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase activity
D-alanyl-D-alanine-carboxypeptidase activity
D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving peptidase activity
D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving-peptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of a signal peptide from a protein precursor.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of N-terminal leader sequences from secreted and periplasmic proteins precursor.
class I DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity
Catalysis of the cleavage of an AP site 3' of the baseless site by a beta-lyase mechanism, leaving an unsaturated aldehyde, termed a 3'-(4-hydroxy-5-phospho-2-pentenal) residue, and a 5'-phosphate.
AP site-DNA 5'-phosphomonoester-lyase activity
class I DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase activity
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) 5'-phosphomonoester-lyase activity
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of N-terminal leader sequences from membrane prolipoproteins. Hydrolyzes the terminal bond of Xaa-Xbb-Xbb-Cys, in which Xaa is hydrophobic (preferably Leu), Xbb is often Ser or Ala, Xcc is often Gly or Ala, and the Cys is alkylated on sulfur with a diacylglyceryl group.
negative regulation of lipoprotein transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein transport.
site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA adenine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA 6-methylaminopurine.
N-6 adenine-specific DNA methylase activity
positive regulation of lipoprotein transport
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of lipoprotein transport.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to a DNA molecule.
deoxyribonucleate methyltransferase activity
deoxyribonucleic acid methylase activity
deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase activity
deoxyribonucleic acid modification methylase activity
Isoenergetic transfer of SUMO from one protein to an existing ubiquitin chain via the reaction X-ubiquitin + Y-ubiquitin -> Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin + X, where both the X-ubiquitin and Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique target DNA sequences.
ATP-dependent protein-DNA unloader activity
Facilitating the removal of a protein or protein complex from a DNA molecule driven by ATP hydrolysis. This can be achieved for example by introducing non-canonical DNA structures or generating torque to directly inhibit a protein-DNA binding interaction.
ATP-dependent protein-DNA unloading activity
sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-sorbitol 6-phosphate + NAD+ = D-fructose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+.
D-glucitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
D-sorbitol-6-phosphate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
D-sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
D-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
glucitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
class III/IV DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity
Catalysis of the cleavage of an AP site 3' and 5' of the baseless site, generating a 3'-phosphate and a 5'-OH.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = ADP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).
adenosine diphosphate glucose-starch glucosyltransferase activity
adenosine diphosphoglucose-starch glucosyltransferase activity
ADPglucose:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
ADP-glucose:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
ADPglucose-starch glucosyltransferase activity
ADP-glucose--starch glucosyltransferase activity
ADPG-starch glucosyltransferase activity
starch (bacterial glycogen) synthase activity
Binding to a glycosylated region of a protein.
aminoglycoside 3''-adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = 3''-adenylylstreptomycin + diphosphate + H+.
ATP:streptomycin 3''-adenylyltransferase activity
streptomycin 3''-adenylyltransferase activity
succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = succinate + NAD(P)H + H+.
succinate-semialdehyde:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate))
succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + H2O = LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + succinate.
N-succinyl-L-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelic acid deacylase activity
N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate amidohydrolase activity
The fusion of haploid amoebae cells with matching mating types to form a larger cell, which ingests additional amoebae and forms a cellulose wall. The resulting macrocyst undergoes recombination and meiosis followed by release of haploid amoebae. An example of this process can be found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-succinyl-L-arginine + 2 H2O + 2 H+ = N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine + CO2 + 2 NH4.
2-N-succinyl-L-arginine iminohydrolase (decarboxylating)
N2-succinylarginine dihydrolase activity
N2-succinyl-L-arginine iminohydrolase (decarboxylating)
succinyldiaminopimelate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + L-glutamate.
N-succinyl-L-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
N-succinyl-L-diaminopimelic glutamic transaminase activity
succinyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase activity
succinyldiaminopimelate transferase activity
Preferential binding of proteins on curved membranes. The binding to curved membranes by insertion (aka wedging) to curved membranes is mediated by both the hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces of the helix of membrane curvature sensing (MCS) proteins.
succinylglutamate desuccinylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-glutamate + succinate.
N2-succinylglutamate desuccinylase activity
N-succinyl-L-glutamate amidohydrolase activity
A muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF-type complex that contains eight to fourteen proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of either the SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, the mammalian ortholog of the yeast SNF2 gene, or the SMARCA2/BAF190B/BRM gene, the mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila brm (brahma) gene, or an ortholog of either of these genes, and the muscle-specific product of the DPF3/BAF45C gene or an ortholog thereof.
Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + phosphate = D-fructose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
disaccharide glucosyltransferase activity
sucrose:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
tRNA (guanine-N1-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N1-methylguanine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (guanine-1-N-)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (guanine-N1-)-methyltransferase activity
transfer ribonucleate guanine 1-methyltransferase activity
tRNA guanine 1-methyltransferase activity
tRNA (guanosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 2'-O-methylguanosine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (guanosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA guanosine-2'-O-methyltransferase activity
transfer ribonucleate guanosine 2'-methyltransferase activity
tRNA (Gm18) 2'-O-methyltransferase activity
tRNA (guanosine 2')-methyltransferase activity
tRNA guanosine 2'-methyltransferase activity
tRNA guanosine-2'-O-methyltransferase activity
phosphate-dependent exonuclease activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(n+1) + phosphate = tRNA(n) + a nucleoside diphosphate.
tRNA:phosphate nucleotidyltransferase activity
A brain-specific SWI/SNF-type complex that contains eight or nine proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of either the SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, the mammalian ortholog of the yeast SNF2 gene, or the SMARCA2/BAF190B/BRM gene, the mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila brm (brahma) gene, or an ortholog of either of these genes. Compared to the neuron-specific nBAF complex (GO:0071565) it does not contain DPF1, DPF3 or SMARCC1 or their orthologs. May contain PB1/BAF180.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + activated-tRNA = L-serine + tRNA containing a thionucleotide.
An embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF-type complex that contains eight or nine proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of either the SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, the mammalian ortholog of the yeast SNF2 gene, or an ortholog thereof. Compared to many other BAF complexes never contains ACTL6B/BAF53B, ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCA2/BRM, SMARCC2/BAF170 or SMARCD3/BAF60C but contains PHF10/BAF45A, DPF2/BAF45D and possibly one of BCL7A/B/C.
embryonic stem cell-specific BAF complex
embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF complex
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-tagatose 6-phosphate = ADP + D-tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate.
ATP:D-tagatose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase activity
Catalytic activity that acts to modify RNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-tagatose 1,6-diphosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + glycerone phosphate.
D-tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase activity
D-tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate-lyase (glycerone-phosphate-forming)
D-tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate triosephosphate lyase activity
tagatose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-altronate + NAD+ = D-tagaturonate + H+ + NADH.
D-altronate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
Catalytic activity that acts to modify a protein.
Catalysis of the reaction: tartrate + NAD+ = oxaloglycolate + NADH + H+.
Catalytic activity that acts to modify DNA.
tartronate-semialdehyde synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glyoxylate + H+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + CO2.
glyoxylate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing; tartronate-semialdehyde-forming)
hydroxymalonic semialdehyde carboxylase activity
tartronate semialdehyde carboxylase activity
tartronic semialdehyde carboxylase activity
Catalytic activity that acts to modify a ribosomal RNA.
tetraacyldisaccharide 4'-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + ATP = ADP + 2 H+ + lipid IV(a).
ATP:2,3,2',3'-tetrakis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-beta-D-1,6-glucosaminyl-beta-phosphate 4'-O-phosphotransferase activity
catalytic activity, acting on a glycoprotein
Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures in which one of the substrates is a glycoprotein.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine phosphate = ADP + H+ + thiamine diphosphate.
ATP:thiamine-phosphate phosphotransferase activity
Catalytic activity that acts to modify a tRNA.
Catalysis of the reaction: thymidine + phosphate = thymine + 2-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
thymidine:phosphate deoxy-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase activity
thymidine:phosphate deoxy-D-ribosyltransferase activity
thymidine-orthophosphate deoxyribosyltransferase activity
trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + trimethylamine-N-oxide = NAD+ + trimethylamine + H2O.
NADH:trimethylamine-N-oxide oxidoreductase
high-affinity potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of potassium ions from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + H2O = indole + NH4 + pyruvate.
L-tryptophan indole-lyase (deaminating; pyruvate forming) activity
L-tryptophan indole-lyase (deaminating) activity
Directly binding to a specific ion or molecule and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.
type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give random double-stranded fragments with terminal 5' or 3' protrusions, driven by ATP hydrolysis. Cleavage is dependent on the presence in the DNA of a specific recognition site. Cleavage may occur hundreds or thousands of base pairs away from the recognition site due to translocation of DNA.
adenosine triphosphate-dependent deoxyribonuclease activity
deoxyribonuclease (adenosine triphosphate-hydrolyzing)
deoxyribonuclease (ATP- and S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent)
interleukin-10-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-10 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-10-mediated signalling pathway
type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates and 3' hydroxyls. Cleavage is dependent on the presence in the DNA of a specific recognition site; cleavage occurs at or very near this recognition site.
A molecular function that controls the rate, timing and/or magnitude of gene transcription. The function of transcriptional regulators is to modulate gene expression at the transcription step so that they are expressed in the right cell at the right time and in the right amount throughout the life of the cell and the organism. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
tyrosine-based site-specific recombinase activity
Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique DNA target sequences; occurs through a phosphotyrosyl intermediate in which the target sequence is first cleaved by the nucleophilic attack by a tyrosine in the active site.
site-specific tyrosine recombinase activity
[choline trimethylamine-lyase]-activating enzyme activity
Catalyzes the activation of choline trimethylamine-lyase by generation of an organic free radical on a glycine residue via a homolytic cleavage of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM).
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + undecaprenol = ADP + undecaprenyl phosphate.
ATP:undecaprenol phosphotransferase activity
C55-isoprenoid alcohol phosphokinase activity
C55-isoprenyl alcohol phosphokinase activity
isoprenoid alcohol kinase (phosphorylating)
isoprenoid alcohol phosphokinase activity
high-affinity glucose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of glucose from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
Catalysis of the reaction: urea + H2O = CO2 + 2 NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-ureidoglycolate + NAD(P)+ = oxalureate + NAD(P)H + H+.
(S)-ureidoglycolate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a fluoride. These may include chemical modification or transport of fluoride away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (d)UMP = ADP + (d)UDP.
The directed movement of some substance from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + pyruvate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine.
alanine-oxoisovalerate aminotransferase activity
L-valine:pyruvate aminotransferase activity
valine-pyruvate aminotransferase activity
valine--pyruvate aminotransferase activity
The assembly and secretion a set of components to form an extracellular vesicule, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region. Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, based on the mechanism by which they are released from cells and differentiated based on their size and content.
The assembly and secretion of a set of components to form an extracellular microvesicule, a membrane-bounded vesicle that ranges in size 100 nm to 1 micron in size) and exits the cell by budding.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylans so as to remove successive D-xylose residues from the non-reducing termini.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose = D-xylulose.
D-xylose aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
zinc D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase activity
Catalysis of the cleavage of the D-alanyl-D-alanine bond in (Ac)2-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine.
D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving carboxypeptidase activity
DD-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase activity
The directed movement of fluoride ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.
dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome
Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global hyperactivation of all, or most of, the genes on the X-chromosome in the heterogametic sex, leading to a two-fold increase in gene expression from this chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
dosage compensation by inactivation of X chromosome
Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on one of the X-chromosomes in the XX sex.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Lewy body formation.
obsolete aspartic-type signal peptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of a signal peptide from a protein precursor by an aspartic endopeptidase mechanism.
negative regulation of Lewy body formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Lewy body formation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycopeptides, a compound in which carbohydrate is covalently attached to an oligopeptide composed of residues of L and/or D-amino acids. The term usually denotes a product of proteolytic degradation of a glycoprotein but includes glycated peptide.
pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch
The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which involves the oxidation of glucose 6-P and produces ribulose 5-P, reduced NADP+ and carbon dioxide (CO2).
pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative branch
pentose-phosphate pathway, oxidative branch
pentose phosphate shunt, oxidative branch
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Lewy body.
pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch
The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which does not involve oxidation reactions. It comprises a series of sugar phosphate interconversions, starting with ribulose 5-P and producing fructose 6-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P.
pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative branch
pentose-phosphate pathway, non-oxidative branch
pentose phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch
positive regulation of Lewy body formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Lewy body formation.
Any molecular entity that serves as an electron acceptor and electron donor in an electron transport chain. An electron transport chain is a process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
The directed movement of thiamine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism.
multicellular organismal catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
cellular macromolecule catabolic process
multicellular organismal macromolecule catabolic process
positive regulation of lymphocyte chemotaxis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte chemotaxis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.
multicellular organismal biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor.
The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which uses compounds other than oxygen (e.g. nitrate, sulfate) as the terminal electron acceptor.
mechanosensitive monoatomic cation channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress.
mechanically-gated cation channel activity
mechanosensitive cation channel activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.
Binding to an iron-sulfur cluster and delivering it to an acceptor molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
suppression by symbiont of host cytokine production
Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cytokine production by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation by symbiont of host cytokine production
suppression by symbiont of host cytokine secretion
glutamine family amino acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.
glutamine family amino acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.
aspartate family amino acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.
aspartate family amino acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.
aspartate family amino acid biosynthesis
aspartate family amino acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.
Binding to and carrying a cargo between the nucleus and the cytoplasm by moving along with the cargo. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.
nucleocytoplasmic importin/exportin activity
serine family amino acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.
serine family amino acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.
mitochondrial guanine nucleotide transmembrane transport
The process in which a guanine nucleotide is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
serine family amino acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.
mitochondrial potassium ion transmembrane transport
The process in which a potassium ion is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).
aromatic amino acid family metabolic process
The directed movement of calcium cations into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).
aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, shikimate pathway
The directed movement of zinc ions from inside the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane and into the cytosol.
aromatic amino acid family catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).
obsolete histidine family amino acid metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the histidine family.
The directed movement of copper ions out of the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
obsolete histidine family amino acid biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the histidine family.
obsolete histidine family amino acid catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the histidine family.
pyruvate family amino acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.
pyruvate family amino acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.
pyruvate family amino acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.
branched-chain amino acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.
branched chain family amino acid metabolism
branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.
branched chain family amino acid anabolism
branched chain family amino acid biosynthesis
branched chain family amino acid biosynthetic process
branched chain family amino acid formation
branched chain family amino acid synthesis
branched-chain amino acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.
branched chain family amino acid breakdown
branched chain family amino acid catabolic process
branched chain family amino acid catabolism
branched chain family amino acid degradation
glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.
glutamine family amino acid biosynthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
The directed movement of borate from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
The directed movement of an ammonium ion from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate.
lysine biosynthesis via diaminopimelic acid
lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelic acid
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.
monocarboxylate:sodium symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monocarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = monocarboxylate(in) + Na+(in).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.
phenylalanine biosynthetic process, prephenate pathway
phenylalanine biosynthetic process, shikimate pathway
Binding to a Golgi transport complex, a multisubunit tethering complex of the CATCHR family.
aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, prephenate pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylalanine and tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate prephenate.
aromatic amino acid family anabolism, prephenate pathway
aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process via prephenate
aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process via prephenate(2-)
aromatic amino acid family formation, prephenate pathway
aromatic amino acid family synthesis, prephenate pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid, e.g. the purines: adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and the pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (a ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleoside), e.g. adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine and deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine (= deoxythymidine).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
regulation of nucleoside metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.
regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.
nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.
nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.
purine nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
purine nucleoside monophosphate metabolism
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.
purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
purine nucleoside monophosphate anabolism
purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
purine nucleoside monophosphate formation
purine nucleoside monophosphate synthesis
purine nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
purine nucleoside monophosphate breakdown
purine nucleoside monophosphate catabolism
purine nucleoside monophosphate degradation
The directed movement of a polyamine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate metabolism
spermidine import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of spermidine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate anabolism
pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate formation
pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate synthesis
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of heart rate
An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate breakdown
pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate catabolism
pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate degradation
The directed movement of urea from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
The directed movement of a dipeptide from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
tripeptide import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of a tripeptide from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
The directed movement of pyridoxal from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolism
oligopeptide import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of an oligopeptide from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
purine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
purine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis
protein transport along microtubule to kinetochore
Any process in which a protein is transported to the kinetochore along a microtubule.
purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolism
purine nucleoside diphosphate degradation
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: folic acid(out) + H+(out) = folic acid(in) + H+(in). The main folic acid symporter is the Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter (PCFT/SLC46A1), which has similar affinity for transport of reduced folates (5-methyl THF, 5-formyl THF) and folic acid.
pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate metabolism
apoptotic process in response to mitochondrial fragmentation
Any apoptotic process that occurs as a result of mitochondrial fragmentation.
apoptosis in response to mitochondrial fragmentation
pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate anabolism
pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis
pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate formation
pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate synthesis
zinc ion import into endoplasmic reticulum
The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol, across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, into the endoplasmic reticulum.
zinc(2+) import across endoplasmic reticulum
zinc(2+) import into endoplasmic reticulum
zinc ion import across endoplasmic reticulum
pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate breakdown
pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate catabolism
pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate degradation
positive regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-chain fatty acid import into a cell.
nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
regulation of D-aspartate import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-chain fatty acid import into a cell.
nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long-chain fatty acid import into a cell.
purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolism
purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
purine nucleoside triphosphate anabolism
purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
purine nucleoside triphosphate formation
purine nucleoside triphosphate synthesis
purine nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
purine nucleoside triphosphate breakdown
purine nucleoside triphosphate catabolism
purine nucleoside triphosphate degradation
negative regulation of D-aspartate import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate metabolism
positive regulation of D-aspartate import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate anabolism
pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate formation
pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate synthesis
The enclosed volume within the sealed membrane of a pathogen-containing vacuole.
pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate breakdown
pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate catabolism
pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate degradation
general transcription initiation factor activity
A molecular function required for core promoter activity that mediates the assembly of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme at promoter DNA to form the pre-initiation complex (PIC). General transcription factors (GTFs) bind to and open promoter DNA, initiate RNA synthesis and stimulate the escape of the polymerase from the promoter. Not all subunits of the general transcription factor are necessarily present at all promoters to initiate transcription. GTFs act at each promoter, although the exact subunit composition at individual promoters may vary.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
A membrane-bound intracellular compartment that is formed upon internalization of a pathogen into a host cell, and in which the pathogen resides.
purine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Host-derived membrane of a pathogen-containing vacuole.
pathogen-containing compartment membrane
purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Catalysis of the transient cleavage and passage of individual RNA strands or double helices through one another, resulting a topological transformation in RNA.
purine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
serotonin-gated cation-selective signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by serotonin binding to a seratonin receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
5-HT-gated cation-selective signaling pathway
5-HT-gated cation-selective signalling pathway
5-hydroxytryptamine-gated cation-selective signaling pathway
5-hydroxytryptamine-gated cation-selective signalling pathway
serotonin-gated cation-selective signalling pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
A protein complex that regulates Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation.
purine deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
DNA topoisomerase III-beta-TDRD3 complex
A protein complex that has DNA topoisomerase type I and RNA topoisomerase activities.
ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism
deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate formation
deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis
anterograde axonal transport of neurotransmitter receptor complex
The directed movement of a neurotransmitter receptor complex along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.
ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
ribonucleoside monophosphate degradation
deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate breakdown
deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolism
deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate degradation
ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
A polyadenylation event (the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule) that takes place at a postsynapse.
deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism
intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, to regulate the presynaptic membrane potential.
intracellular cAMP activated cation channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, to regulate the postsynaptic membrane potential.
intracellular cAMP activated cation channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
A vesicle-mediated transport process in which the presynapse take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
A vesicle-mediated transport process in which the postsynapse take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
Translation that occurs at the presynapse.
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism
translation at presynapse, modulating chemical synaptic transmission
Translation that occurs at the presynapse, and that modulates chemical synaptic transmission.
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate formation
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis
Translation that occurs at the postsynapse.
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate breakdown
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolism
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate degradation
Any process that regulates translation occurring at the synapse.
purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism
perforant pathway to dendrate granule cell synapse
A neuron to neuron synapse of a pyramidal neuron in the entorhinal cortex onto a granule cell in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
perforant pathway to DG granule cell synapse
purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism
purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate formation
purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis
purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate breakdown
purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolism
purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a synapse.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a presynapse.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism
pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate formation
pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis
Any process that regulates translation occurring at the presynapse.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate breakdown
pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolism
pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate degradation
regulation of translation at postsynapse
Any process that regulates translation occurring at the postsynapse.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism
regulation protein catabolic process at synapse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the synapse.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate formation
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis
regulation protein catabolic process at presynapse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the presynapse.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate breakdown
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolism
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate degradation
purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism
protein catabolic process at postsynapse
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a postsynapse.
purine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
purine ribonucleoside diphosphate anabolism
purine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis
purine ribonucleoside diphosphate formation
purine ribonucleoside diphosphate synthesis
purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
purine ribonucleoside diphosphate breakdown
purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolism
purine ribonucleoside diphosphate degradation
regulation of cellular response to phosphate starvation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to phosphate starvation.
purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism
regulation protein catabolic process at postsynapse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the postsynapse.
purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate anabolism
purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis
purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate formation
purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate synthesis
A cellular process in which two or more cells combine together, their plasma membrane fusing, producing a single cell. In some cases, nuclei fuse, producing a polyploid cell, while in other cases, nuclei remain separate, producing a syncytium.
purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate breakdown
purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolism
purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate degradation
ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism
negative regulation of cellular response to phosphate starvation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to phosphate starvation.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.
ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate anabolism
deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis
deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate formation
deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex binding
Binding to a mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex.
ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
A protein-containing complex that monoubiquitinates histone H2A on K119, thus it facilitates the maintenance of the transcriptionally repressive state of some genes, such as BCL6. It consists of the corepressor BCOR or BCORL1, a Polycomb group (PcG) and a SCF ubiquitin ligase subcomplexes. In mammals, the core subunits of the complex include the PcG and PcG-associated proteins NSPC1, RING1, RNF2, and RYBP and the components of the SCF ubiquitin ligase, SKP1, and FBXL10.
deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate breakdown
deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolism
deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate degradation
Peroxisome-derived dense-core vesicle that seals septal pores upon hyphal lysis to prevent excessive cytoplasmic loss. It is specific to several genera of filamentous ascomycetes.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism
viral entry via permeabilization of host membrane
The entry of a virus into the cytoplasm of a host cell, triggered by an interaction between the bilayer of a host membrane and a membrane-penetration capsid protein. Results in release of the virus contents into the host cell cytoplasm.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate anabolism
pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis
pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate formation
pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate synthesis
pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate breakdown
pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolism
pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate degradation
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxynucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism
The directed movement of gluconate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate anabolism
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate formation
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate synthesis
The directed movement of hexose from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate breakdown
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolism
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate degradation
endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact site
A contact site between the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the plasma membrane, structured by bridging complexes.
endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact junction
ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism
repair of kinetochore microtubule attachment defect
The cell cycle process where kinetochore microtubule attachment defects are corrected.
correction of kinetochore microtubule attachment defects
repair of kinetochore microtubule attachment defects
ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
A mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging complex consisting of components of the MICOS complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane, the SAM complex in the outer membrane, a conserved DNAJ protein (human DNAJC11) and Metaxin 1.
mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging complex
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate formation
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis
Binding to a protein or protein complex from a different species, for example a pathogen molecule binding to a host protein.
ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
repair of mitotic kinetochore microtubule attachment defect
The mitotic cell cycle process where kinetochore microtubule attachment defects are corrected.
correction of mitotic kinetochore microtubule attachment defects
repair of mitotic kinetochore microtubule attachment defects
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate breakdown
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolism
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate degradation
The assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following mitotic cytokinesis. The progeny cells that form a division septum are not able to exchange intracellular material.
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism
regulation of mitotic division septum assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic division septum formation. Division septum formation is the assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis.
regulation of division septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
regulation of formation of division septum involved in mitotic cell cycle
regulation of septin assembly and septum biosynthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
regulation of septin assembly and septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate formation
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis
obsolete pericentric heterochromatin maintenance
OBSOLETE. Any heterochromatin maintenance that is involved in chromatin silencing at or near a centromere.
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate breakdown
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolism
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate degradation
pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism
carbon-nitrogen ligase activity on lipid II
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + lipid II + ATP + H2O = L-glutamate + beta-D-GlcNAc(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-D-isoGln-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphospho-di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenol + ADP + phosphate.
L-glutamate--lipid II transaminase activity
undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl pentapeptide amidotransferase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism
pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate formation
pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis
pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate breakdown
pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolism
pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate degradation
negative regulation of mitotic division septum assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic division septum formation. Division septum formation is the assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis.
downregulation of division septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
down regulation of division septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of division septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
downregulation of formation of division septum involved in mitotic cell cycle
down regulation of formation of division septum involved in mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of formation of division septum involved in mitotic cell cycle
downregulation of mitotic division septum assembly
down regulation of mitotic division septum assembly
down-regulation of mitotic division septum assembly
downregulation of septin assembly and septum biosynthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
down regulation of septin assembly and septum biosynthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of septin assembly and septum biosynthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
downregulation of septin assembly and septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
down regulation of septin assembly and septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of septin assembly and septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
inhibition of division septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
inhibition of formation of division septum involved in mitotic cell cycle
inhibition of mitotic division septum assembly
inhibition of septin assembly and septum biosynthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
inhibition of septin assembly and septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of division septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of formation of division septum involved in mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of septin assembly and septum biosynthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of septin assembly and septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism
positive regulation of mitotic division septum assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic division septum formation. Division septum formation is the assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis.
activation of division septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
activation of formation of division septum involved in mitotic cell cycle
activation of mitotic division septum assembly
activation of septin assembly and septum biosynthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
activation of septin assembly and septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of division septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of formation of division septum involved in mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of septin assembly and septum biosynthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of septin assembly and septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of division septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
up regulation of division septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of division septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of formation of division septum involved in mitotic cell cycle
up regulation of formation of division septum involved in mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of formation of division septum involved in mitotic cell cycle
up regulation of mitotic division septum assembly
up-regulation of mitotic division septum assembly
upregulation of septin assembly and septum biosynthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
up regulation of septin assembly and septum biosynthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of septin assembly and septum biosynthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of septin assembly and septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
up regulation of septin assembly and septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of septin assembly and septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate formation
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate breakdown
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolism
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.
endoplasmic reticulum-endosome membrane contact site
A contact site between the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the endosome membrane.
purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism
The process by which early and late endosomes undergo budding and fission reactions that separate regions destined for lysosomal degradation from carriers to be recycled to the plasma membrane.
purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism
purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate formation
purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis
The removal of ADP-ribose from ADP-ribosylserine.
purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate breakdown
purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolism
purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate degradation
The removal of ADP-ribose from ADP-ribosylglutamate.
pyrimidine ribonucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
A SWI/SNF subcomplex that incorporates two mutually exclusive paralogs, GLTSCR1 (glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 1) or GLTSCR1L (GLTSCR1-like), BRD9 (bromodomain-containing 9) and the BAF subunits BAF155, BAF60, SS18, BAF53a, and BRG1/BRM.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine deoxynucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide metabolism
OBSOLETE. The transfer, from NAD, of a single (mono) ADP-ribose molecule to protein amino acids.
pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Catalysis of the transfer of the ADP-ribose group of NAD+ to a residue in double-stranded DNA.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide anabolism
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide formation
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide synthesis
pathogen-derived receptor ligand activity
The activity of a pathogen-derived entity that interacts with a host receptor to activate effector-triggered immunity.
pyrimidine ribonucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Catalysis of the reaction: (ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-seryl-[protein] + H2O = L-seryl-[protein] + ADP-ribose.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide breakdown
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide catabolism
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide degradation
Catalysis of the reaction: (ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-glutamyl-[protein] + H2O = L-glutamyl-[protein] + ADP-ribose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP, cytidine monophosphate.
Uptake of iron into a cell via binding to an extracellular receptor, which is internalized by endocytosis.
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
Binding to a small molecule and eliciting a change in the protein's activity in response to the intracellular level of that small molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
general transcription initiation factor binding
Binding to a general transcription initiation factor, a protein that contributes to transcription start site selection and transcription initiation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
DNA-binding transcription factor binding
Binding to a DNA-binding transcription factor, a protein that interacts with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a gene to modulate transcription.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
The interactions (or cell to cell communication) that occur between the male gametophyte (pollen/pollen tube) and the stylar tissues of the female sporophyte.
thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.
thiamin diphosphate biosynthetic process
thiamine pyrophosphate biosynthetic process
thiamin pyrophosphate biosynthetic process
intramembrane lipid transporter activity
Enables the transport of a lipid from a region of a membrane to a different region on the same membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
The process in which serine is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
The interactions (or cell to cell communication) that occur between the pollen grain (male gametophyte) and the stigmatic tissues of the female sporophyte after the pollen reaches the stigmatic papillae.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
The activity of recognizing mature outer membrane lipoproteins in the inner membrane and releasing from the inner membrane so that they can be transported across the periplasmic space to their target location, the outer membrane. This function exists in diderm bacteria, mediated by the LolCDE complex.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the menaquinones, quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.
multiprenylmenaquinone metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the menaquinones. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones that have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.
multiprenylmenaquinone biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.
Binding to a protein to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.
enterobactin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
enterobactin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, an isomer of dimethylallyl diphosphate and the key precursor of all isoprenoids.
isopentenyl pyrophosphate biosynthetic process
Binding to a calcium ion to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.
Binding to an iron ion to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of colanic acid, a capsular bacterial polysaccharide.
Binding directly to the structural scaffolding elements of a vesicle coat (such as clathrin or COPII), and bridging the membrane, cargo receptor, and membrane deformation machinery.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.
Binding to a specific molecule to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.
lipopolysaccharide core region biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, which contains ten saccharide residues.
lipopolysaccharide core region anabolism
lipopolysaccharide core region biosynthesis
lipopolysaccharide core region formation
lipopolysaccharide core region synthesis
Directly binding to a specific protein and delivering it to a specific cellular location.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipid A, the glycolipid group of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of four to six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues. Further modifications of the backbone are common.
Binding and sequestering a specific receptor ligand to prevent it from binding to its regular receptor.
enterobacterial common antigen biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enterobacterial common antigen, an acidic polysaccharide containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronic acid, and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. A major component of the cell wall outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
enterobacterial common antigen anabolism
enterobacterial common antigen biosynthesis
enterobacterial common antigen formation
enterobacterial common antigen synthesis
obsolete vesicular transport adaptor activity
OBSOLETE. Binding directly to sorting signals in the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargos (or transmembrane cargo receptors serving as recognition interfaces for lumenal cargos), to concentrate them into vesicles or tubules for transport via intracellular vesicular transport or the secretory pathway.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide).
The directed movement of a substance across the outer membrane in cells with two membranes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide antigen carried on the surface of bacterial capsules that masks somatic (O) antigens.
The lipoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-lipoyl-L-lysine.
obsolete solute:monoatomic anion antiporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: anion(in) + solute(out) = anion(out) + solute(in).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
Binding and sequestering PAMP ligands in order to prevent them from binding and activating to the host PAMP receptor. Usually this activity is encoded by a symbiont or a pathogen to prevent activation of the host innate immune response.
pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptor decoy activity
pattern recognition receptor decoy activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
Any process in which a symbiont organism decreases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation by symbiont of host autophagy
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.
ATPase-coupled intramembrane lipid transporter activity
Catalysis of the movement of lipids from one membrane leaflet to the other, driven by ATP hydrolysis. This includes flippases and floppases.
ATPase-coupled phospholipid transporter activity
ATPase-dependent phospholipid transporter activity
phospholipid translocating ATPase activity
phospholipid-translocating ATPase activity
phospholipid-transporting ATPase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.
Catalysis of the movement of lipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
flippase activity (exoplasmic to cytosolic leaftlet)
The continual breakdown and regeneration of peptidoglycan required to maintain the cell wall.
Entner-Doudoroff pathway through 6-phosphogluconate
A pathway that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by producing 6-phosphogluconate and then dehydrating it.
negative regulation of protein localization to medial cortex
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the medial cortex.
10-formyltetrahydrofolate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.
xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the cell outer membrane
A process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a xenobiotic by exporting it outside the cell through the outer membrane.
10-formyltetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.
The movement of an aminophospholipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.
10-formyltetrahydrofolate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.
Catalysis of the movement of a lipid from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
floppase activity (cytosolic to exoplasmic leaftlet)
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
The movement of a lysophospholipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
lipopolysaccharide localization to cell outer membrane
A process in which a lipopolysaccharide is transported to the cell outer membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Removes a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane.
intermembrane lipopolysaccharide transfer activity
intermembrane lipopolysaccharide transporter activity
deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Catalysis of the movement of a glycerophospholipid from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
glycerophospholipid flippase activity (exoplasmic to cytosolic leaftlet)
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Removes a sphingomyelin from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane.
sphingosine transmembrane transporter activity
2'-deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Directly binding to phosphatidylglycerol and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
Directly binding to diacylglyceride and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.
Removes phosphatidylserine from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane.
intermembrane phosphatidylserine carrier activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.
Directly binding to a cerebroside and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.
A response by bacterial cells to a variety of stresses including filamentous phage infection, mislocalization of envelope proteins, extremes of temperature, osmolarity or ethanol concentration, and the presence of proton ionophores such as carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), that involves expression of the phage shock protein operon, and acts to protect the bacterial cells from damage.
phosphatidylethanolamine floppase activity
Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylethanolamine from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
phosphatidylethanolamine floppase activity (cytosolic to exoplasmic leaftlet)
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a fungal-type cell wall. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin.
chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall biogenesis
fungal-type cell wall biosynthetic process
Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylserine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
phosphatidylserine flippase activity (exoplasmic to cytosolic leaftlet)
peptidoglycan-based cell wall biogenesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall. An example of this process is found in Escherichia coli.
N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine flippase activity
Catalysis of the movement of N-retinylidene-N-retinylphosphatidylethanolamine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine flippase activity (exoplasmic to cytosolic leaftlet)
A protective structure outside the cytoplasmic membrane composed of peptidoglycan (also known as murein), a molecule made up of a glycan (sugar) backbone of repetitively alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid with short, attached, cross-linked peptide chains containing unusual amino acids. An example of this component is found in Escherichia coli.
Directly binding to a triglyceride and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.
A layer of peptidoglycan found outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. The peptidoglycan is relatively thick (20-80nm) and retains the primary stain of the Gram procedure, thus cells appear blue after Gram stain. The cell walls often contain teichoic acids (acidic anionic polysaccharides) bound to the peptidoglycan. Examples of this component are found in Gram-positive bacteria.
Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylcholine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
phosphatidylcholine flippase activity (exoplasmic to cytosolic leaftlet)
The peptidoglycan layer of the Gram-negative cell envelope. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is relatively thin (1-2nm) and is linked to the outer membrane by lipoproteins. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is too thin to retain the primary stain in the Gram staining procedure and therefore cells appear red after Gram stain.
A rigid yet dynamic structure surrounding the plasma membrane that affords protection from stresses and contributes to cell morphogenesis, consisting of extensively cross-linked glycoproteins and carbohydrates. The glycoproteins may be modified with N- or O-linked carbohydrates, or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors; the polysaccharides are primarily branched glucans, including beta-linked and alpha-linked glucans, and may also include chitin and other carbohydrate polymers, but not cellulose or pectin. Enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis are also found in the cell wall. Note that some forms of fungi develop a capsule outside of the cell wall under certain circumstances; this is considered a separate structure.
chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall
Catalysis of the movement of glycosylceramide from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP. Glycosylceramides are ceramides containing a functional group derived from a sugar.
glycosylceramide flippase activity (exoplasmic to cytosolic leaftlet)
OBSOLETE. A peptidoglycan polymer that forms the shape-determining structure of the cell all of Gram-negative bacteria.
lysophosphatidylcholine flippase activity
Catalysis of the movement of lysophosphatidylcholine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
lysophosphatidylcholine flippase activity (exoplasmic to cytosolic leaftlet)
A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost membrane of the cell envelope; enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.
OBSOLETE. In Gram-negative bacteria the membrane that separates the cytoplasm from the murein sacculus.
The directed movement of a lipid from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
The activity of a gene product that interacts with a cargo receptor and initiates endocytosis.
The directed movement of some substance from a cell, into the extracellular region. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via exocytosis.
The directed movement of a lipid from a cell, into the extracellular region.
P-type transmembrane transporter activity
Primary active transporter that auto-phosphorylates (hence P) at a key conserved aspartate residue, generating a conformational change that allows transport of the substrate. Hydrolysis of the phosphorylated Asp residue, catalyzed by the actuator (A) domain, results in another state with occluded substrates. Upon dissociation of Mg2+ and inorganic phosphate (Pi), the enzyme reverts to the initial state, in which the counter-transported substrate is released into the cytosol.
Primary active transporter characterized by two nucleotide-binding domains and two transmembrane domains. Uses the energy generated from ATP hydrolysis to drive the transport of a substance across a membrane.
ABC-type transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter activity
The directed movement of heme from inside the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane and into the cytosol.
A motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope.
A proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria ranging from 2-8 nm in diameter.
A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm that is formed by the RNA-binding protein TIS11B and RNA molecules, enriched in membrane protein-encoding mRNAs with multiple AU-rich elements. TIS granules are reticular meshworks intertwined with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
DNA import into cell involved in transformation
The directed movement of DNA into a cell that contributes to the process of transformation, the uptake of foreign genetic material into a cell.
cellular DNA import during transformation
DNA transport into cell during transformation
cyclic-GMP-AMP transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of cyclic-GMP-AMP from one side of a membrane to the other.
The process of unidirectional (polarized) transfer of genetic information involving direct cellular contact between a donor and recipient cell; the contact is followed by the formation of a cellular bridge that physically connects the cells. Some or all of the chromosome(s) of the donor cell is transferred into the recipient cell.
cyclic-GMP-AMP transmembrane import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of cyclic-GMP-AMP from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The introduction of genetic information into a cell to create a genetically different individual, without production of new individuals.
A non-stoichiometric protein complex formed by several galectins crosslinking glycosylated ligands to form a dynamic lattice. The galectin lattice modulates receptor kinase signaling and the functionality of membrane receptors, by regulating the diffusion, compartmentalization and endocytosis of plasma membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids.
A type of horizontal gene transfer in which genetic material is introduced into a cell mediated by a virus.
An defense response against a bacteria mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
The direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material (DNA or RNA) into a cell from its surroundings through the cell envelope.
A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. GW-bodies minimally contain the Argonaute2 (Ago2) and TNRC6B proteins, together with specific target RNAs.
The region of a virus, bacterial cell, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the nucleic acid is confined.
A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm of bacteria, minimally containing the RNase E protein and RNA molecules. Bacterial RNP-bodies are similar to eukaryotic P-bodies and stress granules.
OBSOLETE. The assembly of a flagellum. In bacteria, this is a whiplike motility appendage present on the surface of some species; in eukaryotes, flagella are threadlike protoplasmic extensions used to propel flagellates and sperm. Flagella are composed of flagellin and have the same basic structure as cilia but are longer in proportion to the cell and present in much smaller numbers.
The assembly from its constituent parts of a pilus, a short filamentous structure of bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies. Pili are variously involved in transfer of nucleic acids, adherence to surfaces, and formation of pellicles. Is required for bacterial conjugation, or can play a role in adherence to surfaces (when it is called a fimbrium), and in the formation of pellicles.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
A receptor complex that recognizes, binds and sequesters a specific receptor ligand to prevent it from binding to its regular receptor. May be soluble or membrane bound.
The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.
The synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.
A defense response against viruses mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template.
Receiving a signal and transmitting it in a cell to initiate an immune response.
The synthesis of snoRNA class RNA (also referred to as sRNA in Archaea) from a DNA template.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H3 by the addition of one or more ubiquitin groups.
The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H3 by the addition of one or more ubiquitin groups to a lysine residue at position 14 of the histone.
The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template.
OBSOLETE. The addition of biotin (vitamin B7 / vitamin H) to a protein amino acid.
The controlled release of proteins from a cell.
protein secretion during cell fate commitment
protein secretion resulting in cell fate commitment
Receiving a signal and transmitting it in a cell to initiate an innate immune response.
A defense process found in many bacteria and archaea that protects the organism from invading foreign DNA by cleaving it with a restriction endonuclease. The organism's own DNA is protected by methylation of a specific nucleotide, which occurs immediately following replication, in the same target site as the restriction enzyme.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
Catalysis of the reaction: tryptamine + reduced acceptor + O2 <=> 4-hydroxytryptamine + acceptor + H2O.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxytryptamine + ATP = 4-hydoxytryptamine 4-phosphate + ADP + H+.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of psilocybin, a psychotropic tryptamine-derived natural product.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
multicellular organismal oligosaccharide metabolic process
4-hydroxytryptamine 4-phosphate methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) + 4-hydroxytryptamine 4-phosphate (norbaeocystin) <=> 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + psilocybin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
multicellular organismal oligosaccharide catabolic process
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.
response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus
The morphological, biochemical and genetic changes that induce the differentiation of non-pathogenic parasites into pathogenic metacyclic parasites in the Trypanosomatidae species. The pathogenic parasites are known as metacyclic trypomastigotes in Trypanosoma and metacyclic promastigotes in Leishmania.
A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of subunits leuC and leuD. Catalyzes the isomerization between 2-isopropylmalate and 3-isopropylmalate, via the formation of 2-isopropylmaleate.
A protein complex that catalyzes the first step in long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. For example, in E. coli the complex is heterohexameric and composed of biotin carbonyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and the acetate CoA-transferase complex.
An enzyme complex that catalyzes exonucleolytic cleavage in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield nucleoside 5'-phosphates; it prefers single-stranded DNA.
A protein complex that possesses cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase activity; consists of four polypeptide subunits and associated prosthetic groups.
phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase complex
A protein complex that possesses phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity.
Enables the transfer of azoles, heterocyclic compound found in many biologically important substances, from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + azole(in) = ADP + phosphate + azole(out).
ATPase-coupled azole transmembrane transporter activity
An enzyme complex, usually a homodimer, which directly reduces cellular levels of organic hydroperoxides.
Catalyzes the reaction: (1'S)-averantin + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 <=> (1'S,5'S)-5'-hydroxyaverantin + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O. Involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis.
trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase complex
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the reduction of trimethylamine N-oxide to trimethylamine.
obsolete ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase complex
OBSOLETE. An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to ribosomal-protein alanine, forming ribosomal-protein acetylalanine.
norsolorinic acid ketoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (1'S)-averantin + NADP+ <=> norsolorinic acid + NADPH.
A protein complex that possesses D-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity.
Catalyzes the reaction: versicolorin B + NADPH + O2 <=> versicolorin A + NADP+ + 2 H2O. Uses heme-thiolate as a co-factor. Involved in the synthesis of aflatoxins in the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus.
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of nitrate from nitrite with the concomitant reduction of an acceptor.
Catalyzes the reaction: 8-O-methylsterigmatocystin + 2 [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 O2 <=> aflatoxin B + 2 [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + methanol + CO2. Produces both aflatoxin B(1) and aflatoxin B(2).
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of formate to produce carbon dioxide (CO2).
5'-hydroxyaverantin dehydrogenase activity
Catalyzes the reaction: (1'S,5'S)-hydroxyaverantin + NAD+ <=> 5'-oxoaverantin + NADH.
obsolete NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase complex (AB-specific)
OBSOLETE. A protein complex that possesses NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity. Homodimeric, trimeric, and heterotetrameric complexes have been identified.
versiconal hemiacetal acetate esterase activity
Catalyzes the reactions: versiconal hemiacetal acetate + H2O <=> versiconal + acetate, as well as versiconol acetate + H2O <=> versiconol + acetate.
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of phenylalanine to tRNA(Phe), forming L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe).
A heterotetrameric enzyme complex made up of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. Part of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex. Catalyzes the transfer of a carboxyl group to form malonyl-CoA.
effector-mediated suppression of host innate immune response
A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of a host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
effector dependent suppression of host immune innate response by symbiont
effector-dependent suppression of host immune innate response by symbiont
effector-mediated suppression of host immune innate response by symbiont
effector-mediated suppression of host innate immune response by symbiont
effector-mediated suppression of host innate immunity
effector triggered suppression of host immune innate response by symbiont
effector-triggered suppression of host immune innate response by symbiont
DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) complex
Complex that possesses DNA topoisomerase II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase complex
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form glycerone phosphate.
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate and tRNA(Glu) to form glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).
L-alanine export across the plasma membrane
The directed movement of L-alanine from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.
Cysteine synthase is a multienzyme complex made up, in E. coli, of the heteromeric hexamer serine acetyltransferase and the homodimer O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase A.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + L-alanine(in) = H+(in) + L-alanine(out).
Enzyme complex consisting of four proteins: the two subunits of the hydroxylase component (hcaE and hcaF), a ferredoxin (hcaC) and a ferredoxin reductase (hcaD). Converts 3-phenylpropionic acid (PP) into cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol (PP-dihydrodiol).
effector-mediated modulation of host innate immune response by symbiont
A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppression) of a host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
effector-dependent modulation of host immune response by symbiont
effector mediated modulation of host immune response by symbiont
effector-mediated modulation of host immunity
effector triggered modulation of host immune response by symbiont
effector-triggered modulation of host immune response by symbiont
obsolete holo-[acyl-carrier protein] synthase complex
OBSOLETE. An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of holo-[acyl-carrier protein] from CoA and apo-[acyl-carrier protein].
spindle pole body-led chromosome movement during mitotic interphase
A microtubule-based process in which chromosomes migrate as a result of rapid spindle pole body (SPB) and centrosome oscillations during mitotic interphase.
sulfate adenylyltransferase complex (ATP)
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation adenylylsulfate from sulfate and ATP.
sulphate adenylyltransferase complex (ATP)
monoatomic cation:bicarbonate symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monoatomic cation(out) + HCO3-(out) = monoatomic cation(in) + HCO3-(in).
A multisubunit iron flavoprotein, which in yeast is composed of 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits. Catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide.
An enzyme complex that catalyzes exonucleolytic cleavage (in the presence of ATP) in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphooligonucleotides. Exodeoxyribonuclease V shows a preference for double-stranded DNA and possesses DNA-dependent ATPase activity. It acts endonucleolytically on single-stranded circular DNA.
regulation of mRNA alternative polyadenylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA alternative polyadenylation.
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of 2-hydroxy acid to form 2-oxo acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The enzyme is a flavoprotein (FMN).
positive regulation of mRNA alternative polyadenylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA alternative polyadenylation.
A heterodimeric enzyme, which in most bacterial species is composed of two subunits, ParC and ParE. Functions in chromosome segregation and can relax supercoiled DNA.
phosphopantetheine-dependent carrier activity
Binding a substrate via a thioester at the terminal thiol of a covalentely linked phosphopantetheine prosthetic group and mediating protein-protein interactions with cognate enzymes for processing or offloading of the thiol-bound substrate.
A protein complex that possesses beta-galactosidase activity, i.e. catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides. In E. coli, the complex is a homotetramer; dimeric and hexameric beta-galactosidase complexes have been observed in other species.
effector-mediated modulation of host defenses by symbiont
A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppresion) of a defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A complex that possesses glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: zinc(out) + HCO3-(out) = zinc(in) + HCO3-(in).
OBSOLETE. An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein from biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein and carbon dioxide (CO2).
zinc:bicarbonate:selenite symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: zinc(out) + HCO3-(out) + HO3Se-(out) = zinc(in) + HCO3-(in) + HO3Se-(out).
Complex that possesses nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] activity.
effector-mediated modulation of host process by symbiont
A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppresion) of a host structure or process. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
effector-dependent modulation of host process by symbiont
effector mediated modulation of host process by symbiont
effector triggered modulation of host process by symbiont
A multimeric enzyme complex which, in bacteria, is usually a tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains and in eukaryotes, is usually a homodimer. Functions in the ligation of glycine and tRNA(Gly) to form glycyl-tRNA(Gly).
Citrate lyase is a multienzyme complex with three constituents: the alpha subunit, citrate-ACP transferase; the beta subunit, citryl-ACP lyase; and the gamma subunit, an acyl-carrier protein which also carries the prosthetic group components. All three subunits are required for citrate lyase enzyme activity. This enzyme has only been found in bacteria.
transcription regulator inhibitor activity
A molecular function regulator that inhibits the activity of a transcription regulator via direct binding and/or post-translational modification.
DNA-binding transcription factor inhibitor activity
A multienzyme complex that catalyzes the formation N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate from carbamoyl phosphate and L-aspartate. It exhibits a variety of architectural organizations, but in all microorganisms the core catalytic component is a homotrimer of approximately 34 kDa polypeptides.
ATP-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion from intracellular stores by a channel that opens when a ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
obsolete ornithine carbamoyltransferase complex
OBSOLETE. A homotrimeric protein complex that catalyzes the transfer of a carbamoyl group to ornithine, forming citrulline.
An flavoprotein that catalyzes the reaction the breakdown of dimethyl(ribityl)lumazine to form riboflavin and ribitylamino-amino-dihydroxypyrimidine.
effector-mediated suppression of host pattern-triggered immunity signaling
A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of a pattern-triggered immunity PTI signaling pathway. PTI signaling pathways are found in plants.
effector-mediated suppression of host pattern recognition receptor signaling
effector-mediated suppression of host PRR signaling
effector-mediated suppression of host PRR signalling
effector-mediated suppression of pattern-triggered immunity signaling
effector-mediated suppression of PTI signalling
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the breakdown of ethanolamine to form acetaldehyde and ammonia.
The directed movement of a heme from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
obsolete dihydrolipoamide S-acyltransferase complex
OBSOLETE. An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acyl group from coenzyme A to dihydrolipoamide.
The directed movement into cell of externally available heme by receptor-mediated endocytosis.
obsolete dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase complex
OBSOLETE. Complex that possesses dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity.
pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding of a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) to activate a plant innate immune response. PAMP-triggered immunity PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.
PAMP-triggered immunity signalling pathway
pathogen-associated molecular pattern signalling
mitochondrial oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2) within the mitochondrial matrix. An example of this complex is found in Mus musculus.
obsolete dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase complex
OBSOLETE. An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of succinyl-CoA to dihydrolipoamide to form S-succinyldihydrolipoamide. The enzyme is a component of the multienzyme 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.
A DNA polymerase complex that contains two UmuD' and one UmuC subunits, and acts in translesion DNA synthesis.
The directed movement of galactose from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase activity.
4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase complex
positive regulation of chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochore
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochore.
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase complex
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from protein N(PI)-phosphohistidine to a sugar molecule. It is enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system.
Binding to a DNA site that has neither a purine nor a pyrimidine base. Apurinic sites can form spontaneously or when DNA glycosylase removes a damaged base.
DNA-(apurinic site/apyrimidinic site) binding
A protein complex that possesses polyphosphate kinase activity.
type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex
A protein complex that functions as an endonuclease to cleave DNA at or near a specific recognition site, when that site is unmethylated. These complexes may be dimers or tetramers; it is also possible for the endonuclease to be in a complex with the corresponding methyltransferase that methylates the recognition site. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.
positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid biorientation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid biorientation, the mitotic cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable, end-on attachments to the plus ends of microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, oriented such that separation can proceed.
correction of merotelic kinetochore attachment, mitotic
correction of syntelic kinetochore attachment, mitotic
repair of mitotic merotelic kinetochore attachment defect
repair of mitotic merotelic kinetochore attachment defects
repair of mitotic mono-orientation defect
repair of mitotic mono-orientation defects
The DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is a complex that contains 10 different types of subunits. These subunits are organized into 3 functionally essential sub-assemblies: the pol III core, the beta sliding clamp processivity factor and the clamp-loading complex. The pol III core carries out the polymerase and the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activities. The polymerase is tethered to the template via the sliding clamp processivity factor. The clamp-loading complex assembles the beta processivity factor onto the primer template and plays a central role in the organization and communication at the replication fork.
positive regulation of protein localization to meiotic spindle pole body
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to a meiotic spindle pole body.
succinate-CoA ligase complex (ADP-forming)
A heterodimeric enzyme complex, composed of an alpha and beta chain, most usually found in (but not limited to) bacteria. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP.
negative regulation of protein localization to meiotic spindle pole body
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to a meiotic spindle pole body.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in 5'OH-RNA according to the reaction 5'OH-RNA + H20 = 5'OH-NpN (dinucleotide) + 5'P-RNA.
regulation of protein localization to meiotic spindle pole body
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to a meiotic spindle pole body.
The covalent attachment of a stearoyl group to an amino acid in a protein.
A complex that possesses protein histidine kinase activity.
protein-cysteine S-stearoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a stearoyl (systematic name, octadecanoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: octadecanoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-octadecanoyl-L-cysteinyl-[protein].
A multienzyme complex usually composed of four proteins, EntB, EntD, EntE and EntF. Plays a role in the enterobactin biosynthesis pathway.
OBSOLETE. An enzyme complex that catalyzes the cleavage of a Gly-Phe bond to release an N-terminal, basic peptide of 5-8 residues from type IV prepilin, and then N-methylates the new N-terminal amino group.
A protein complex comprised of members of the ClpX, ClpC, ClpD, ClpP or ClpR protein families. ClpPs are the proteolytic subunit of active complexes, and ClpA and ClpX form the regulatory subunits. Enzymatically active and inactive complexes can form.
Binding to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and eliciting a change in the protein's activity in response to the intracellular level of that small molecule.
mitochondrion-plasma membrane adaptor activity
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a mitochondrion and a plasma membrane either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, to establish or maintain the localization of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrion plasma membrane adaptor activity
mitochondrion plasma membrane tether activity
plasma membrane-mitochondrion adaptor activity
plasma membrane-mitochondrion tether activity
protein-cysteine S-oleoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an oleoyl (systematic name, (9Z)-octadecenoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein].
obsolete positive regulation of transcription by pheromones
OBSOLETE. Any process involving pheromones that activates or increases the rate of transcription.
protein-cysteine S-arachidonoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an arachidonoyl (systematic name, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: in the reaction: (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein].
The cell-cell signaling process in which single-celled organisms carry out coordinated responses by monitoring their own population density, and often also that of other microbes, by producing small, diffusible, signal molecules, detecting the concentration of these molecules, and triggering a signal transduction pathway when a certain threshold is reached. Quorum sensing can occur amongst microbial communities in the environment or within host organisms.
cell-cell signaling involved in quorum sensing
detection of cell density by secreted molecule
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumigermin, an alpha-pyrone secondary metabolite found in some species of fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus.
obsolete regulation of transcription by pheromones
OBSOLETE. Any process involving pheromones that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription.
The cleavage of a peptide bond in a precursor form of a cytokine, resulting in the mature (active) form of the cytokine.
Binding to biotin (cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid), the (+) enantiomer of which is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.
cytoskeleton-nuclear membrane anchor activity
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a cytoskeletal protein or protein complex and a nuclear membrane lipid or membrane-associated protein, in order to maintain the localization of the cytoskeleton at a specific location of the nuclear membrane.
cytoskeletal protein-nuclear membrane adaptor activity
cytoskeletal protein-nuclear membrane anchor activity
cytoskeleton nuclear membrane anchor activity
nuclear membrane-cytoskeleton anchor activity
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of reduced ferredoxin. Hydrogenase contains iron-sulfur clusters, and some contain nickel; it can use molecular hydrogen for the reduction of a variety of substances.
A complex of DNA and protein that seals the end of a chromosome. The telomeric repeat DNA consists of simple tandemly repeated sequences specific for each species. Typically one strand is G-rich and the other C-rich. The G-rich strand forms a 3'-terminal overhang, the length of which varies with species. The single strand overhang is bound by a variety of proteins, including telomere capping proteins that bind to the single-stranded DNA and seal the telomeric loop.
A protein complex that possesses ATP-dependent protease activity; consists of an ATPase large subunit with homology to other ClpX family ATPases and a peptidase small subunit related to the proteasomal beta-subunits of eukaryotes. In the E. coli complex, a double ring-shaped homohexamer of HslV is capped on each side by a ring-shaped HslU homohexamer.
The process of targeting specific proteins to the Golgi apparatus. Usually requires an organelle-specific protein sequence motif or a protein modification (for example a palmitoylation).
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the ATP-dependent hydrolysis of peptide bonds in substrates including E. coli SulA and misfolded proteins.
A secreted multiprotein complex composed of 4 proteins, regulating group size during aggregation in cooperative development. An example of this complex is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
Unwinding a DNA helix of DNA containing four-way junctions, including Holliday junctions, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
ATP-dependent four-way junction DNA helicase activity
ATP-dependent four-way junction helicase activity
ATP-dependent Holliday junction helicase activity
signaling receptor ligand precursor processing
The cleavage of a peptide bond in a precursor form of a signaling receptor ligand, resulting in the mature (active) form of the ligand.
A DNA helicase complex found at Holliday junctions where the helicase activity is involved in the migration of the junction branch point. The best-characterized example is the E. coli RuvAB complex, in which a hexamer of RuvB subunits possesses helicase activity that is modulated by association with RuvA.
centromere-nuclear envelope anchor activity
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together the centromeric region of a chromosome and the inner nuclear membrane by interacting with both the centromere/kinetochore complex and the nuclear membrane, in order to establish and maintain the centromere/kinetochore location.
centromere-inner nuclear envelope anchor activity
centromere-inner nuclear envelope tether activity
centromere nuclear envelope anchor activity
centromere nuclear envelope tether activity
chromosome, centromeric region-nuclear envelope anchor activity
nuclear envelope-centromere anchor activity
nuclear envelope-centromere tether activity
Any of the protein complexes formed by the UvrABC excinuclease system, which carries out nucleotide excision repair. Three different complexes are formed by the 3 proteins as they proceed through the excision repair process. First a complex consisting of two A subunits and two B subunits bind DNA and unwind it around the damaged site. Then, the A subunits disassociate leaving behind a stable complex between B subunits and DNA. Now, subunit C binds to this B+DNA complex and causes subunit B to nick the DNA on one side of the complex while subunit C nicks the DNA on the other side of the complex. DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase can then repair the resulting gap.
The reversible aggregation of misfolded proteins and chaperones, formed to shield thermosensitive proteins from degradation until conditions allow disaggregation and refolding.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid at sites flanking regions of damaged DNA to which the Uvr ABC excinuclease complexes bind.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are either targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation or protected by chaperones to shield thermosensitive proteins from degradation until conditions allow disaggregation and refolding.
imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase complex
Complex that possesses imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase activity.
imidazoleglycerol phosphate synthase complex
rRNA (cytosine-C5-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine in small subunit ribosomal RNA.
rRNA (cytosine-C5-967)-methyltransferase activity
Reversible aggregate of misfolded proteins and chaperones formed to shield thermosensitive proteins from degradation until conditions allow disaggregation and refolding.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine = ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate.
acylmannosamine kinase (phosphorylating)
ATP:N-acetylmannosamine 6-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphotransferase activity
N-acylmannosamine-6-phosphate 2-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-6-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate.
N-acylmannosamine-6-P epimerase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a Gram-positive bacterium.
Translational attenuation is a regulatory mechanism analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation. The system requires the presence of a short ORF, called a leader peptide, encoded in the mRNA upstream of the ribosome-binding site and start codon of the gene whose translation is to be regulated. Certain conditions, such as presence of the antibiotic tetracycline in bacteria or amino acid starvation, may cause slowing or stalling of the ribosome translating the leader peptide. The stalled ribosome masks a region of the mRNA and affects which of two alternative mRNA folded structures will form, therefore controlling whether or not a ribosome will bind and initiate translation of the downstream gene. Translational attenuation is analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation, in which mRNA remodeling caused by ribosome stalling regulates transcriptional termination rather than translational initiation.
initial meiotic spindle pole body separation
The release of duplicated meiotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs).
initial spindle pole body separation involved in meiosis I
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a protein.
pericentric heterochromatin organization
The organization of chromatin into heterochromatin at the pericentric region of a chromosome.
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethyl sulfoxide + H+ = dimethyl sulfide + H2O.
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a protein or a protein complex with a nucleosome, to establish or maintain the chromatin localization of the protein, or protein complex.
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of dimethyl sulfide from dimethyl sulfoxide.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a Gram-negative bacterium.
obsolete subtelomeric heterochromatin organization
OBSOLETE. The organization of chromatin into heterochromatin at the subtelomeric region of a chromosome.
N-acetyl-anhydromuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala + H2O glcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc + L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala.
iron-sulfur cluster export from the mitochondrion
The directed movement of iron sulfur clusters from inside the mitochondrion into the cytosol by crossing the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The series of molecular signals generated in response to diverse stress stimuli required to restore cellular homeostasis. The core event in this pathway is the phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha by one of four members of the eIF2a kinase family (EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK and EIF2AK4/GCN2), which leads to a decrease in global protein synthesis and the induction of selected genes, including the transcription factor ATF4, that together promote cellular recovery.
2'-deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
subnuclear spatial organization of silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin
The localization of silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin at a specific location in the nucleus.
silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin organization
silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin spatial organization in the nucleus
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
folic acid-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid and its derivatives.
folate and derivative biosynthetic process
folate-containing compound biosynthetic process
folic acid and derivative biosynthetic process
folic acid-containing compound anabolism
folic acid-containing compound biosynthesis
folic acid-containing compound formation
folic acid-containing compound synthesis
vitamin B9 and derivative biosynthetic process
vitamin M and derivative biosynthetic process
folic acid-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of folic acid and its derivatives.
folate-containing compound catabolic process
folic acid and derivative catabolic process
folic acid-containing compound breakdown
folic acid-containing compound catabolism
folic acid-containing compound degradation
vitamin B9 and derivative catabolic process
vitamin M and derivative catabolic process
positive regulation of transepithelial migration of symbiont in host
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transepithelial migration of symbiont in host.
positive regulation of transmigration of symbiont in host
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FMN, the oxidized form of flavin mononucleotide (riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)), which acts as a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.
A series of reactions in which a signal is passed on to downstream proteins within the cell via HRI (also known as EIF2AK1), an intracellular protein kinase that is activated by stress signals, such as heme deficiency, oxidative stress, osmotic shock, mitochondrial dysfunction and heat shock.
The process in which nitrogen is taken from its relatively inert molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds useful for other chemical processes, such as ammonia, nitrate and nitrogen dioxide.
A series of reactions in which a signal is passed on to downstream proteins within the cell via GCN2 (also known as EIF2AK4), an intracellular protein kinase that is activated by stress signals, such as amino acid starvation.
regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation by amino acid starvation
obsolete signal transducer, downstream of receptor, with serine/threonine phosphatase activity
OBSOLETE. Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate, and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate.
mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tether activity
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a mitochondrion and an ER membrane either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, to establish or maintain the localization of the mitochondrion.
endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrion membrane adaptor activity
endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrion membrane tether activity
ER-mitochondrion membrane adaptor activity
ER-mitochondrion membrane tether activity
mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane adaptor activity
mitochondrion-ER membrane adaptor activity
mitochondrion-ER membrane tether activity
phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system
The uptake and phosphorylation of specific carbohydrates from the extracellular environment; uptake and phosphorylation are coupled, making the PTS a link between the uptake and metabolism of sugars; phosphoenolpyruvate is the original phosphate donor; phosphoenolpyruvate passes the phosphate via a signal transduction pathway, to enzyme 1 (E1), which in turn passes it on to the histidine protein, HPr; the next step in the system involves sugar-specific membrane-bound complex, enzyme 2 (EII), which transports the sugar into the cell; it includes the sugar permease, which catalyzes the transport reactions; EII is usually divided into three different domains, EIIA, EIIB, and EIIC.
The binding activity of a protein that brings together the spindle pole body and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.
The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip at which no growth takes place.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.
telomere-nuclear envelope anchor activity
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together the telomeric region of a chromosome and the inner nuclear membrane by interacting with both the telomere and the nuclear membrane, in order to establish and maintain the telomeric location.
nuclear envelope-telomere anchor activity
telomere-nuclear envelope anchoring activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.
OBSOLETE. The set of specific processes that generate the ability of an organism to induce an abnormal, generally detrimental state in another organism.
ergothioneine biosynthesis from histidine via hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase
A biosynthetic process that results in the formation of ergothioneine from histidine via a set of steps including the hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase reaction, which converts N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine directly to hercynylcysteine sulfoxide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of iron.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
The binding activity of a protein that brings the kinetochore and another molecule into contact, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
mitotic spindle pole body insertion into the nuclear envelope
A process in which the duplicated mitotic spindle pole body is inserted into a fenestra which opens in the nuclear envelope in early mitosis, and is subsequently tethered to the membrane.
establishment of spindle pole body localisation in nuclear envelope
establishment of spindle pole body localization in nuclear envelope
establishment of spindle pole body localization to nuclear envelope
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.
response to ultraviolet radiation stimulus
ABC-type iron-sulfur cluster transporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + iron-sulfur cluster(in) = ADP + phosphate + iron-sulfur cluster(out).
ATPase-coupled Fe-S cluster transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled iron-sulfur cluster transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heavy metal stimulus. Heavy metals are those metals that can form a coordination bond with a protein; this definition includes the following biologically relevant heavy metals: Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, W, Zn.
Binding to a zinc ion to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating flooding, short-term immersion in water.
Binding to a metal ion to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.
5-aminolevulinic acid import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of 5-aminolevulinic acid from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.
5-aminolevulinic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of 5-aminolevulinic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light.
The action of a molecule that provides a shape mimicking the end of a microtubule to seed the formation of a new microtubule via self-assembly.
microtubule nucleation template activity
OBSOLETE. A class of proteins that are the subunit components of fimbria.
The long, slender, mid section of a pilus.
Binding specifically to heme to deliver it to a transport vesicle.
The pointed extremity furthest from the cell of a pilus.
The action of a molecule that provides a shape or a sequence mimicking or complementary to the final product, providing template for copying the original molecule's shape or sequence.
The long (approximately 20 nm), thin external structure of the bacterial-type flagellum, which acts as a propeller.
A vesicular organelle that forms on retraction fibers behind migrating cells and mediates the release of cytoplasmic contents during cell migration.
The proteinaceous structure at the distal tip of the bacterial-type flagellar filament.
A cell migration-dependent mechanism for releasing cellular contents.
bacterial-type flagellum hook-filament junction
The region of the bacterial-type flagellum where the hook and filament meet.
An metal-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin from a target protein to which it is conjugated.
metal-dependent ubiquitin-like hydrolase activity
metal-dependent ubiquitinyl-like hydrolase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the unsymmetrical ether derived from phosphoenolpyruvate and 5-phosphoshikimic acid formed as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and many other compounds.
very long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation
A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway acting on a very long chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons. The partway stars with the conversion of an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
The portion of the bacterial-type flagellum that connects the filament to the basal body.
A complex with alpha-(1->6)-mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins as part of the priming and elongation of alpha 1,6-linked Man backbone. In S. cerevisiae, contains Mnn9p and Van1p.
One of the three major substructures of the bacterial-type flagellum, the basal body is embedded in the cell envelope (the plasma membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, and, if one is present, the outer membrane); it houses the secretion apparatus that exports the more distal components and the flagellar motor.
negative regulation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of negative regulation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.
bacterial-type flagellum basal body, distal rod
The portion of the central rod of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body that is distal to the cell membrane; spans most of the distance between the inner and outer membranes.
flagellin-based flagellum basal body, distal rod
bacterial-type flagellum basal body, distal rod, L ring
One of the rings of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body; anchors the basal body to the outer membrane.
flagellar basal body, distal rod, L ring
flagellin-based flagellum basal body, distal rod, L ring
A complex with alpha-(1->6)-mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins as part of the elongation of alpha 1,6-linked Man backbone. In S. cerevisiae, contains Mnn9p, Anp1p, Mnn10p, Mnn11p, and Hoc1p.
bacterial-type flagellum basal body, distal rod, P ring
One of the rings of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body; anchors the basal body to the peptidoglycan layer.
flagellar basal body, distal rod, P ring
flagellin-based flagellum basal body, distal rod, P ring
effector-mediated suppression of host salicylic acid-mediated innate immune signalling
A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of host salicylic acid-mediated innate immune signalling.
bacterial-type flagellum basal body, proximal rod
The portion of the central rod of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body that is proximal to the cell membrane; the proximal rod connects the distal rod to the flagellar motor.
flagellin-based flagellum basal body, proximal rod
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reticulophagy.
regulation of autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum degradation
bacterial-type flagellum basal body, MS ring
One of the rings of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body; a double-flanged ring that anchors the basal body to the cytoplasmic membrane.
flagellin-based flagellum basal body, MS ring
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of reticulophagy.
positive regulation of autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum
positive regulation of autophagy of the ER
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum degradation
An error-prone process for repairing damaged microbial DNA.
endoplasmic reticulum-autophagosome adaptor activity
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together an ER membrane and an autophagosome during reticulophagy.
autophagosome-endoplasmic reticulum anchor
bacterial-type flagellum basal body, C ring
Cytoplasmic ring located at the base of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body; acts as a rotor; includes three switch proteins, which generate torque and can change their conformational state in a bimodal fashion, so that the motor direction can switch between clockwise and counterclockwise.
flagellin-based flagellum basal body, C ring
granzyme-mediated programmed cell death signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals induced by granzymes which triggers the cell death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a granzyme signal, and ends when the execution phase of cell death is triggered. Granzymes are serine proteases that are secreted by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells to induce cell death in target cells.
granzyme-mediated cell death signaling pathway
Microautophagy-mediated direct internalization of lipid droplets into a lysosome-like vacuole during nutrient depletion, such as during the transition to stationary phase or in response to nutrient limitation. Microlipophagy is mediated by the formation of sterol-enriched vacuolar microdomains at sites of engulfment. Initiation of microautophagy is defined as the point where liquid-ordered microdomains are formed at sites of engulfment, that requires S. cerevisiae Atg32p and Atg21p, as well as Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) sterol transporter proteins, Ncr1p and Npc2p. This is followed by redistribution of Atg14p from ER exit sites onto liquid-ordered vacuole membrane domains through interaction with stabilized AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and together with Atg6p facilities docking and internalization of lipid droplets (LDs) at sites of invagination.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microlipophagy, the microautophagy-mediated direct internalization of lipid droplets into a lysosome-like vacuole during nutrient depletion.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.
A narrow constricted region of the nucleus that forms around the anaphase spindle during closed mitosis, and connects the main portions of the newly forming daughter nuclei.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Either of the regions of a mitotic nuclear bridge proximal to the main portion of each daughter nucleus. The nuclear envelope in the stalk regions is depleted of nuclear pore complexes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.
The organization of a polarized cell layer during morphogenesis in protozoa; an example is found during culmination in D. discoideum, involving alpha and beta catenins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).
A mitotic cell cycle process which results in the assembly, arrangement, or disassembly of the mitotic nuclear bridge during closed mitosis.
The pathways by which allantoin is processed and converted to ureidoglycolate, and then into metabolically useful substrates. E. coli are able to utilize allantoin as a sole nitrogen source under anaerobic conditions by converting it to ureidoglycolate; this may be further metabolized to produce glyoxylate and thence 3-phosphoglycerate, or alternatively oxidized to oxolureate, which can converted into oxamate and carbamoylphosphate. This may then be further metabolized to CO2, NH4+ and ATP.
allantoin catabolic process via ureidoglycolate
allantoin catabolism via ureidoglycolate
The central region of a mitotic nuclear bridge, distal to the main portions of the daughter nuclei.
Any process that generates pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together in the nucleus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of pyruvate to acetylphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be synthesized from arginine or ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
mitotic nuclear pore complex disassembly
The mitotic cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear pores occurs during open or closed mitosis.
nuclear pore complex disassembly during mitosis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
The binding activity of a protein that brings together another protein and an RNA, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.
gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.
The activity of joining two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane.
gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.
A GTPase activity that mediates the joining two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane.
gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule to produce an RNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which the 5' cap structure, an inverted 7-methylguanosine linked via a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge (m7G(5')ppp(5')X) to the first transcribed residue, is added to a nascent transcript.
double membrane vesicle viral factory assembly
A process that results in the assembly of a cytoplasmic viral factory consisting of a double-membrane bound vesicle.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.
A DNA recombination process that results in the bidirectional exchange of genetic material between highly homologous DNA molecules.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to redox potential.
The pole of the kinetoplast associated with kinetoplast DNA replication. The antipodal sites flank the kinetoplast DNA disk and are positioned approximately 180 degrees apart. In Trypanosoma brucei and Crithidia fasciculata, minicircles are attached at antipodal sites and they contain enzymes that catalyse some of the later reactions in minicircle replication.
The protein localization process in which two MCM complexes become associated with chromatin at replication origins. MCM loading begins when origin-bound ORC and Cdc6 (Cdc18 in fission yeast) recruit one MCM2-7/Cdt1 complex to the origin, includes formation of a succession of intermediate complexes and ATP hydrolysis-dependent Mcm2-7 ring closure, and ends when two MCM hexamers fully encircle DNA, and are oriented head-to-head. The double hexamer is inactive for DNA unwinding. MCM loading takes place during G1 phase, and precedes CMG complex assembly.
MCM complex loading at replication origin
MCM double hexamer formation at replication origin
OBSOLETE. A group of small electron carriers, characteristic of anaerobic bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae. Contain flavin mononucleotide.
regulation of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade.
OBSOLETE. A hemeprotein whose characteristic mode of action involves transfer of reducing equivalents associated with a reversible change in oxidation state of the prosthetic group. This redox change involves a single electron, reversible equilibrium between the Fe(II) and Fe(III) states of the central iron atom.
The assembly and organization of a bilobe structure, a cytoskeletal structure in some kinetoplastid species linking the structures of the ciliary pocket collar and the flagellum attachment zone (aka cilium attachment zone).
kinetoplastid flagellar hook complex assembly
OBSOLETE. A cytochrome containing heme a.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the CMG complex, a protein complex that contains the GINS complex, Cdc45p, and the heterohexameric MCM complex, and that is involved in unwinding DNA during replication. The process begins when additional proteins (e.g. Cdc45 and Sld3) join the loaded, inactive double MCM hexamer at replication origins, and ends when Mcm10 triggers the separation of the Mcm2-7 double hexamers, forming two active CMG complexes.
OBSOLETE. A cytochrome containing noncovalently bound protoheme (iron protoporphyrin IX; heme b).
endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex
A protein complex that is part of an endoplasmic reticulum.
OBSOLETE. A cytochrome containing heme bound to the protein by one or, more (commonly two) thioether bonds involving sulfhydryl groups of cysteine residues.
intracellular protein-containing complex
A protein-containing complex located intracellularly.
OBSOLETE. A cytochrome in which the prosthetic group is a tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron in which the degree of conjugation of double bonds is less than in porphyrin. This definition would appear to include siroheme proteins (e.g. nitrite and sulfite reductases), but these are not cytochromes.
negative regulation of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade.
OBSOLETE. Diheme cytochrome b; cytochrome b has the hemes b(562) and b(566) and is a component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. Cytochrome b6 is a component of bc complex acting between photosystems II and I of photosynthesis.
suppression of host RNAi-mediated antiviral immune response
Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the host's RNAi-mediated antiviral immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
suppression of host RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity
suppression of host RNAi-mediated gene silencing
negative regulation of conjugation with zygote
A process that prevents a zygote from fusing an additional cell.
regulation of melanotic encapsulation of foreign target
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanotic encapsulation of foreign target.
A transcription corepressor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound nuclear receptor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Nuclear receptor corepressors often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription nuclear receptor corepressors modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators.
transcription regulator activator activity
A molecular function regulator that increases the activity of a transcription regulator via direct binding and/or post-translational modification.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of a piRNA.
positive regulation of piRNA transcription
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of piRNA.
negative regulation melanotic encapsulation of foreign target
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanotic encapsulation of foreign target.
The cellular synthesis of Piwi-interacting RNA piRNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a symbiont that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that symbiont.
The acquisition of seed longevity is the ordered series of events during seed development, that prevent embryo deterioration and ROS damage and thus contribute to seed viability over time or in response to adverse environmental conditions. These events include protective (e.g. production of glassy cytoplasm ) and repair (e.g. oxidative stress responses) processes.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising the septin collar.
cellular bud neck septin hourglass organization
obsolete high-molecular-weight cytochrome c (hexadecaheme)
ATP-dependent protein disaggregase activity
An ATP-dependent molecular chaperone activity that mediates the solubilization of ordered protein aggregates.
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate sensor activity
Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate.
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate sensing activity
OBSOLETE. A cytochrome c that is an integral component of the mitochondrial respiratory complex III. Functions as an electron donor to cytochrome c.
envenomation resulting in blood agglutination in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with specific proteins binding to cell-surface carbohydrates and causing calcium-dependent agglutination of blood cells in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in blood agglutination in other organism
envenomation resulting in erythrocytes agglutination in other organism
envenomation resulting in red blood cells agglutination in other organism
OBSOLETE. A cytochrome c that is characteristic of green plants and transfers electrons to plastocyanin.
The membrane surrounding the spore core (endospore core) that separates it from its external environment.
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 4 ferrocytochrome c + O2 = 4 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O.
A transcription factor complex that is composed of the one DNA binding protein of the TEAD family and the transcriptional coactivator YAP.
cytochrome bo3 ubiquinol oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ubiquinol + O2 + 4 H+ = 2 ubiquinone + 2 H2O + 4 H+ [periplasmic space].
OBSOLETE. A small disulfide-containing redox protein that serves as a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase.
OBSOLETE. A copper-containing protein that acts as an electron carrier between methylamine dehydrogenase and cytochrome c.
EGF-domain serine xylosyltransferase activity
Catalyses the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-L-serine <=> UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(beta-D-xylosyl)-L-serine.
OBSOLETE. A low molecular weight mononuclear iron protein involved in electron transfer, with an iron tetrahedrally coordinated by the sulfurs of four conserved cysteine residues.
UDP-D-xylose:beta-D-glucoside alpha-1,3-D-xylosyltransferase activity
Catalyzes the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine <=> UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine.
obsolete mononuclear iron electron carrier
OBSOLETE. A mononuclear iron entity that serves as an electron acceptor and electron donor in an electron transport system.
xylosyl alpha-1,3-xylosyltransferase activity
Catalyzes the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine <=> UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine. The enzyme, found in animals and insects, is involved in the biosynthesis of the alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)- beta-D-glucosyl trisaccharide on epidermal growth factor-like (EGF- like) domains.
obsolete redox-active disulfide bond electron carrier
EGF-domain serine glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-L-serine <=> UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine.
obsolete 2Fe-2S electron transfer carrier
A chromatin adaptor that recognizes specific forms of histones, either modified by a post-translational modification, or the unmodified form. Histone readers have roles in many processes, including in centromere function or in modulating the accessibility of cis-regulatory regions to the transcription machinery.
The activity of removing a protein from a membrane, by binding to a transmembrane helical fragment of a tail-anchored protein and releasing it from the the hydrophobic region of one or both lipid bilayers. The reaction is driven by ATP hydrolysis.
obsolete thioredoxin-like 2Fe-2S ferredoxin
plastoquinol--plastocyanin reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+[side 1] + 2 oxidized plastocyanin + plastoquinol-1 = 2 H+[side 2] + 2 reduced plastocyanin + plastoquinone. This reaction involves the concomitant transfer of 2 H+ ions across a membrane.
plastoquinol:oxidized-plastocyanin oxidoreductase activity
plastoquinol/plastocyanin oxidoreductase activity
plastoquinol-plastocyanin reductase activity
extraction of mislocalized protein from mitochondrial outer membrane
The removal of a mislocalized protein from the mitochondrial outer membrane.
extraction of mislocalized protein from outer mitochondrion membrane
obsolete 3Fe-4S/4Fe-4S electron transfer carrier
transmembrane ascorbate ferrireductase activity
Oxidation of Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) on the outer side of a membrane coupled to the reduction of L-ascorbate to monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical on the inner side of a membrane. Electrons get transferred across the membrane during the reaction.
ascorbate-cytochrome b5 reductase activity
L-ascorbate:ferricytochrome-b5 oxidoreductase activity
L-ascorbate-cytochrome-b5 reductase activity
extraction of mislocalized protein from membrane
The removal of a mislocalized protein from a cellular membrane.
obsolete monocluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
extraction of mislocalized protein from ER membrane
The removal of a mislocalized protein from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane.
obsolete dicluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
A plastid whose main function is to synthesize and store starch.
transmembrane monodehydroascorbate reductase activity
Oxidation of monodehydroascorbate outside of a membrane coupled to the reduction of L-ascorbate to monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical on the inner side of a membrane. Electrons get transferred across the membrane during the reaction.
obsolete photosynthetic electron transport chain
OBSOLETE. A series of membrane-linked oxidation-reduction reactions in which electrons are transferred from an initial electron donor through a series of intermediates to a final electron acceptor (usually oxygen).
The division of a vacuole within a cell to form two or more separate vacuoles.
A thylakoid membrane complex of chlorophylls a and b together with chlorophyll a-b binding proteins. In addition, LHCs contain a number of other proteins, the function of which is speculative, together with accessory pigments. The LHCs capture and transfer energy to photosystems I and II. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins containing the histone H3, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.
The nascent cell membrane and cell wall structure that forms between two daughter nuclei near the center of a dividing plant cell. It develops at the equitorial region of the phragmoplast. It grows outwards to join with the lateral walls and form two daughter cells.
A more or less rigid stucture lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances.
cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, reducing metal ions
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the metal ion is reduced.
A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ascorbate at the level of a cell.
A chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.
A circular DNA molecule containing plastid encoded genes.
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled cAMP receptor signaling pathway
An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by extracellular cAMP binding to its receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
A plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll, usually yellow and orange carotenoid pigments.
A tightly wound cylinder of membrane that is located within the plasmodesmal pore and runs the length of the plasmodesma. The desmotubule likely provides a rigid stability to plasmodesmata and confers a fixed diameter and pore size to the plasmodesmal canal, and is linked to the endoplasmic reticulum in each of the adjacent cell.
mitochondrion autophagosome adaptor activity
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a mitochondrial membrane and an autophagosome during mitophagy.
Endoplasmic reticulum found in plasmodesmata, junctions connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells.
P-type monovalent copper transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cu+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Cu+(out).
Complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome f, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
promoter-terminator loop anchoring activity
Bridging together a cis-regulatory element and a terminator DNA sequences on the chromatin, holding two loop anchors together, maintaining a chromatin loop.
terminator-promoter loop anchoring activity
A plastid arrested in the development of chloroplasts from proplastids due to absence of light or low light conditions.
Bridging together two DNA loop anchors together, maintaining a chromatin loop.
A specialized form of peroxisome that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway. The glyoxysome is found in some plant cells, notably the cells of germinating seeds.
A DNA translocase activity that folds chromosomal DNA and catalytically extends the newly formed loop, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
Appressed thylakoid membranes that are part of a granum (stacked regions). A characteristic of these appressed regions is the preferential localization of photosystem II.
promoter-enhancer loop anchoring activity
Bridging together two cis-regulatory elements, colloquially referred to as promoters and/or enhancers, holding two loop anchors together to maintain a chromatin loop.
enhancer-promoter loop anchoring activity
A colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.
effector-mediated suppression of host defense response
A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the supression of a defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
effector-mediated suppression of host defenses
effector-mediated suppression of host defenses by symbiont
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II
Protein-pigment complex associated with photosystem II.
The process by which large macromolecular complexes are budded through the inner nuclear membrane, into the perinuclear space, thus acquiring a membrane envelope. The enveloped particle fuses with the outer nuclear membrane and is released into the cytoplasm.
PSI associated light-harvesting complex I
Protein-pigment complex associated with photosystem I.
A chromatin organization process that starts with the loading of an extrusion motor (by an SMC family complex) onto the chromatin, followed by chromatin extrusion that stops at loop anchoring sites on the chromosome.
Layer of intercellular material, chiefly pectic substances, cementing together the primary walls of contiguous cells.
xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase inhibitor activity
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase.
A complex located in a photosynthetic membrane that consists of a photoreaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. Examples of this component are found in Arabidopsis thaliana and in photosynthetic bacterial and archaeal species.
A large mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex that mediates transport of proteins into mitochondrial compartments. MIM constitutes the major integration site for alpha-helical embedded proteins. In yeast, consists oof Mim1 and Mim2.
A photosystem that contains an iron-sulfur reaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, photosystem I functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin; in photosynthetic bacteria that have only a single type I photosystem, such as the green sulfur bacteria, electrons can go either to ferredoxin (Fd) -> NAD+ or to menaquinone (MK) -> Cytb/FeS -> Cytc555 -> photosystem I (cyclic photophosphorylation).
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 8) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3-N-methyl-arginine (position 8). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 8 of histone H3.
histone H3R8 arginine methylase activity
histone H3R8 arginine methyltransferase activity
histone methyltransferase activity (H3-R8 specific)
A photosystem that contains a pheophytin-quinone reaction center with associated accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, in the presence of light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone, whereas other photosynthetic bacteria carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis and oxidize other compounds to re-reduce the photoreaction center.
The apoplast region surrounding a host plant cell. Plants may be described as having two major compartments: the living symplast and the non-living apoplast. The apoplast is external to the plasma membrane and includes cell walls, intercellular spaces and the lumen of dead structures such as xylem vessels. Water and solutes pass freely through it. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The phragmoplast is a plant cell specific cytoplasmic structure composed of cytoskeletal polymers, membranes, and associated cytosolic proteins that functions as the focused secretory module for assembling the cell plate.
Binding to and carrying a lipoprotein between two different cellular locations by moving along with the target lipoprotein.
A flattened membranous vesicle containing cell wall components.
mitotic nuclear bridge midzone membrane domain
A nuclear membrane part at the midzone of the mitotic nuclear bridge. The midzone forms a bulge that is enriched in nuclear pores that lack baskets.
The double lipid bilayer enclosing a plastid and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
A large mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex that mediates transport of proteins into mitochondrial compartments. TOM transports beta-barrel precursors across the outer membrane and the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) inserts them into the target membrane.
translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope.
Binding to and carrying a protein between two different cellular components by moving along with the target protein.
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope; also faces the plastid stroma.
Ring-like structures located at the nucleolar periphery where several nuclear factors are reversibly aggregated and sequestered during acute heat stress.
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the plastid envelope.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + H+ Pi. ATP hydrolysis is used in some reactions as an energy source, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient.
A plant cell wall that is still able to expand, permitting cell growth. Primary cell walls contain more pectin than secondary walls and no lignin is present.
A plant cell wall that is no longer able to expand and so does not permit growth. Secondary cell walls contain less pectin that primary cell walls. The secondary cell is mostly composed of cellulose and is strengthened with lignin.
The proteinaceous ground substance of plastids.
Unstacked thylakoids that connect the grana stacks through the stroma.
Sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the coenzyme mycofactocin, a variably glycosylated small molecule electron pair carrier derived from the C-terminal valine-tyrosine dipeptide of the ribosomally translated precursor peptide MftA.
The pigmented membrane of a chloroplast thylakoid. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
proton motive force-driven motor activity
A motor activity driven by an electrochemical proton gradient (proton-motive force). PMF-driven motors are used by bacterial flagella.
Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.
Binding to a specific RNA molecule to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.
A photochemical system containing P700, the chlorophyll a dimer that functions as a primary electron donor. Functioning as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin.
cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity
Binds to and increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase.
An integral membrane complex containing P680, the chlorophyll a molecule that functions as a primary electron donor. In the light, functioning as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from water to plastoquinone.
The chemical reactions or pathway resulting in the formation of phycocyanobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase (HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha. Biliverdin IX alpha is subsequently converted to phycocyanobilin by a ferredoxin-dependent oxidoreductase (PCYA).
1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dihydroxy naphthalene (DHN)-melanin.
A three dimensional regular lattice found in etioplasts. It is composed of a continuous system of tubules but when exposed to light the symmetrical arrangement is rapidly lost as tubules become pinched off into two dimensional sections of lattice. These for perforated sheets of membrane that move apart, extend and increase, finally establishing the typical granal and intergranal lamellae of the mature chloroplast.
A protein complex that catalyzes the cleavage of citrate into oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA.
Distinct stack of lamellae seen within chloroplasts. Grana contain the pigments, electron transfer compounds, and enzymes essential to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
A molecule that recognises toxic DNA structures, for example, double-strand breaks or collapsed replication forks, and initiates a signalling response.
The cavity enclosed within the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mn2+(in) = ADP + H+ + Mn2+(out) + phosphate.
The protein complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP in chloroplasts.
ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + NAD+ + H+ -> 2 Fe2+-siderophore + NADH.
Binds to and increases a DNA strand exchange activity.
The space between the plasma membrane and the desmotubule of a plasmodesma.
Catalyzes the reaction: 2 iodide + L-tyrosine + 2 NADP+ = 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine + H+ + 2 NADPH. Note that this activity has only been demonstrated in the direction of 3-deiodination. 3-bromo-L-tyrosine and 3-chloro-L-tyrosine can also be used as substrates.
iodide peroxidase-tyrosine iodinase activity
OBSOLETE. An epigenetic regulation of transcription by physical interaction between a cis-acting element (enhancer, silencer) of one allele on one chromosome and the promoter of the corresponding allele on the homologous chromosome. Transvection can lead to either gene activation or repression.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a plasmodesma.
ER-to-endosome phospholipid transfer complex
Lipid transfer complex that is responsible for the non-vesicular transport of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine, from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosome. It resides in the endosomal (acceptor) membrane and binds to specific lipids on the donor membrane at the ER-endosome contact site.
A microfibril composed of cellulose arranged in orthogonal layers. Cellulose is a straight chain polysaccharide composed of B(14) linked glucose subunits. It is a major component of plant cell walls. Higher plant microfibrils are about 10nm in diameter and extremely long in relation to their width. The cellulose molecules are oriented parallel to the long axis of the microfibril in a paracrystalline array, which provides great tensile strength. The microfibrils are held in place by the wall matrix and their orientation is closely controlled by the cell.
The assembly from its constituent parts of a type I pilus.
A plasmodesma that consists of a simple, single channel; found predominantly in young tissue and formed as a function of cell plate formation during cytokinesis.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces a DNA strand exchange activity.
A plasmodesma with a branched structure, often with many channels leading into a larger central cavity; found in older tissues and usually derived from preexisting primary plasmodesmata.
A short filamentous structure on the surface of a bacterial cell distinguished from other pili by their D-mannose-sensitive agglutinatination of erythrocytes. In E. coli, type I pili consist of a short tip fibrillum made up of the adhesin protein (FimH) and two minor subunits (FimG and FimF) that is joined to the pilus rod, a homopolymer of ~1000 FimA subunits.
opioid growth factor receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an opioid growth factor receptor binding to its physiological ligand, opioid growth factor (OGF, met-enkephalin). The OGF-OGFr complex leads to the increase in the synthesis of the selective cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor proteins, p12 (POLD4) and p16 (CDKN2A).
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the megasporocyte to form four haploid megaspores. Three of the megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. The two polar nuclei fuse resulting in a mononucleate diploid endosperm mother cell. The three antipodal cells degenerate.
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the C-end degron rule pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the DesCEND (destruction via C-end degron) pathway. In the DesCEND pathway, C-terminal residues (C-end degrons) in substrates are recognized by Cul2-RING and Cul4-RING E3 ligases, whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation. C-end degrons can be present in full-length proteins, truncated proteins or proteolytically cleaved forms.
The process in which the megasporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid megaspores in the nucellus.
The protein catabolic pathway which selectively extracts ER-resident membrane proteins exported to the Golgi and endosomes for degradation by cytosolic proteasomes. It begins with phosphorylation of the ER-resident membrane protein, which triggers export of the protein from the ER to the Golgi and endosomes, followed by polyubiquitination by the Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and extraction of the ubiquitinated target, and ends with proteasomal degradation.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pollen grain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the microsporocyte to form four haploid microspores. The nucleus of each microspore then divides by mitosis to form a two-celled organism, the pollen grain, that contains a tube cell as well as a smaller generative cell. The pollen grain is surrounded by an elaborate cell wall. In some species, the generative cell immediately divides again to give a pair of sperm cells. In most flowering plants, however this division takes place later, in the tube that develops when a pollen grain germinates.
formation of generative and vegetative cells
Combining with the opioid growth factor (OGF, met-enkephalin) and transmitting the signal across the nuclear membrane. Met-enkephalin is an endogenous opioid peptide that binds to opioid and opioid growth factor receptors, regulating tissue growth in a variety of cellular processes.
The process in which the microsporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid microspores.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate -> all-trans-phytoene + 2 diphosphate.
The process in which an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an antipodal cell.
aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+).
The process in which the eight-nucleate single celled female gametophyte develops into the seven-celled female gametophyte. This mature structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
outward rectifier potassium channel inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of an outwardly rectifying potassium channel.
The process in which the two uncellularized polar nuclei cellularize, fuse and acquire the specialized features of a mononucleate diploid central cell.
embryo sac endosperm mother cell differentiation
female gametophyte central cell differentiation
small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel.
The process in which an uncellularized embryo sac nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an egg cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
An inflammasome complex that consists of CARD8 and CASP1.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation as the megaspore to the mature structure. The process begins when three of the four haploid megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center.
embryo sac development from the megaspore
The movement of a neutrophil away from the site of wound or infection following its initial migration to the site.
The directed movement of an embryo sac nucleus to the pole or center of the cell.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inflammasome complex.
The process in which an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of a synergid cell.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a CARD8 inflammasome complex.
small ribosomal subunit processing complex
A small heterodimeric protein complex that is required during early maturation of nascent 40S ribosomal subunits. The complex has endonuclease activity, it interacts with the small ribosomal subunit pre-rRNA and cleave it it to produce the mature 18S (or small ribosomal subunit) rRNA. In S. cerevisiae it is composed of Rcl1p and Bms1p.
small ribosomal subunit maturation complex
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyroptosis.
The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).
The process in which copper is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.
double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm
Fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the 3n primary endosperm nucleus and then develops into the endosperm. The ploidy level of the 2n zygote and 3n primary endosperm nucleus is determined by the ploidy level of the parents involved. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in amyloplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
meiotic spindle formation (spindle phase two)
The spindle organization process in which the spindle is maintained at a constant length during meiotic metaphase.
Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in chloroplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NAD+ <=> 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADH.
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity
beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl CoA-reductase activity
beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chloroplast but excluding the thylakoid space. It contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis.
catalytic activity, acting on a nucleic acid
Catalytic activity that acts to modify a nucleic acid.
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a proplastid.
mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase two)
The spindle organization process in which the spindle is maintained at a constant length during mitotic metaphase.
negative regulation of pre-B cell receptor expression
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process leading up to expression of the pre-B cell receptor on the surface of pre-B cells.
chloroplast ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex
A complex, located in the chloroplast, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
P450-containing electron transport chain
A electron transport chain in which one or more electron carriers operate to transfer electrons from donors to a cytochrome P450 protein or domain. Electron carriers operating in this chain include FAD-containing flavoproteins or domains, FMN domains, ferredoxins and cytochrome b5. The reduced cytochrome P450 functions as the terminal oxidase and participates in a wide range of biochemical pathways.
A dense band of microtubules, 1-3 pm wide, that appears just beneath the cell membrane before the start of cell division in the cells of higher plants. It precedes the onset of prophase and then disappears as mitosis begins, yet it somehow determines the plane of orientation of the new cell plate forming in late telophase and marks the zone of the parental cell wall where fusion with the growing cell plate ultimately occurs.
Extracellular microbicidal structure composed of nuclear chromatin, histones and granular antimicrobial proteins. Histones and several neutrophil granule proteins associated with the DNA framework damage entrapped microorganisms.
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chromoplast but excluding the photosynthetic material.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a neutrophil extracellular trap, a network of extracellular fibers primarily composed of DNA from neutrophils, which bind and neutralizes pathogens.
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a leucoplast.
radial glia-guided pyramidal neuron migration
The radial migration of a pyramidal neuron along radial glial cells.
radial glia-dependent neuronal migration
The space enclosed by the double membrane of an elaioplast.
The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of creatine in a futile cycle, which dissipates the high energy charge of phosphocreatine as heat without performing any mechanical or chemical work. The futile creatine cycle takes place in thermogenic fat cells and is part of adaptive thermogenesis.
The space enclosed by the double membrane of an etioplast but excluding the prothylakoid space. It contains the etioplast DNA.
positive regulation of cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic to meiotic cell cycle switching, the process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.
A membranous cellular structure that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.
cell-to-cell migration by invasive hypha
The directional movement of a hyphal filament from one host cell to another. This process involves the clearance of plant-derived plasmodesmal occlusion materials, cytoskeleton based constriction of invasive hypha to traverse plasmodesmata. Septins and F-actin are reorganized into an hourglass shape at the point of maximum hyphal constriction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tryprostatin A.
The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
The multiplication of mitochondria, resulting in the expansion of the number of mitochondria within a cell.
The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyripyropene A.
The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal.
obsolete fumitremorgin C biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the indole alkaloid fumitremorgin C.
The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler activity
An activity, driven by ATP hydrolysis, that modulates the contacts between histones and DNA, resulting in a change in chromosome architecture within the nucleosomal array, leading to chromatin remodeling.
ATPase-dependent chromatin remodeler activity
ATP hydrolysis-dependent chromatin remodeler activity
The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from red or far-red light into a molecular signal; the red, far-red light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range 660-730 nm.
Binds to and modulates the activity of a motor protein.
endodeoxyribonuclease activator activity
Binds to and increases the activity of an endodeoxyribonuclease.
obsolete phototrophin mediated phototransduction
A molecular function characterized by the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to other steps of a reaction mechanism to make the reaction energetically favorable, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient.
The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV-A or blue light into a molecular signal; the UV-A, blue light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range of 315 to 400 nm.
Binding to a protein or a protein-containing complex to assist the protein folding process, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
The series of events in which an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.
detection of ultraviolet radiation stimulus
Binding to and delivering metal ions to a target protein, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
The series of events in which a gravitational stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Binds to and increases the activity of a motor protein.
obsolete perception of mechanical stimulus
OBSOLETE. The series of events by which a mechanical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a motor protein.
An activity that facilitates the formation of a complementary double-stranded polynucleotide molecule.
The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of oxytocin.
The series of events in which a nutrient stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
ATP-dependent DNA damage sensor activity
A molecule that recognises toxic DNA structures, and initiates a signalling response, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
ATP-dependent DNA damage sensing activity
The series of events in which a biotic stimulus, one caused or produced by a living organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.
ATP-dependent H3-H4 histone complex chaperone activity
A histone chaperone that carries a H3-H4 histone complex, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
ATP-dependent H3-H4 histone complex loader activity
Facilitating a conformational change to unload a cohesin complex from sister chromatids.
ATP-dependent cohesin unloading activity
The series of events in which a stimulus from a virus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
A chromatin remodelling complex that regulates transcription via acetylation primarily of nucleosomal histones H3 and H2B. In budding yeast shares the histone acetylation (HAT) module of ADA2-GCN5-NGG1-SGF29 with the related SAGA complex.
Ada2/Gcn5/Ada3 transcription activator complex
positive regulation of oxytocin production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of oxytocin.
negative regulation of oxytocin production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of production of oxytocin.
The series of events in which a stimulus from a nematode is received and converted into a molecular signal.
ATP-dependent histone chaperone activity
Binding to and carrying a histone or a histone complex to unload or deposit it as a nucleosome, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
The series of events in which a stimulus from an insect is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiont (an organism living in close physical association with an organism of a different species) is received and converted into a molecular signal. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A chromatin remodelling complex that regulates transcription via acetylation primarily of nucleosomal histones H3 and possibly H4. Shares the histone acetylation (HAT) module of GCN5/PCAF-ADA2-ADA3-SGF29 (or orthologs) with the related SAGA complex (GO:0000124). Contains HAT subunits GCN5 or PCAF in a mutually exclusive manner. In addition to the HAT module contains DR1/NC2B, KAT14, MBIP, WDR5, YEATS2 and ZZZ3 or orthologs. Also regulates the activity of non-histone targets and orchestrates mitotic progression by regulating Cyclin A degradation through acetylation.
The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiotic fungus, a fungus living in close physical association with another organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.
transcription elongation-coupled chromatin remodeling
A chromatin remodeling process that reestablishes the chromatin structure following the passage of RNA polymerase II during transcription elongation, thus preventing cryptic transcription initiation.
chromatin maintenance during transcription elongation
euchromatin maintenance during transcription elongation
maintainance of chromatin integrity during transcription elongation by RNAPII
maintenance of transcriptionally active chromatin during transcription elongation
transciptional elongation-coupled chromatin remodeling
transcriptional elongation-coupled chromatin remodeling
transcription elongation coupled chromatin remodeling
The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.
A molecular function regulator that inhibits or decreases the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Na(out).
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external source of stimulus, usually toward or away from it.
Fluctuation in the extracellular cAMP levels due to the alternate activation of adenylate cyclase, which produces cAMP, and phosphodiesterase, which degrades it. Occurs in Dictyostelium during early sorocarp development. Oscillation in signaling result is directional chemotaxis of cells towards the center of the aggregate.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.
A molecular function regulator that activates or increases the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiont, an organism living with an organism of a different species in close physical association. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
FAD-dependent H3K4me/H3K4me3 demethylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a di- or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 4 of the histone H3 protein. This is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent amine oxidation reaction.
histone H3-di/monomethyl-lysine-4 FAD-dependent demethylase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism.
histone H3K9me/H3K9me2 demethylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a di or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.
histone H3-di/monomethyl-lysine-9 demethylase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic fungus, a fungus living in close physical association with another organism.
histone H3K36me/H3K36me2 demethylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a di- or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.
histone H3-di/monomethyl-lysine-36 demethylase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.
histone H3K36me2/H3K36me3 demethylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri- or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.
histone H3-tri/dimethyl-lysine-36 demethylase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
histone H3K9me2/H3K9me3 demethylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.
histone H3-tri/dimethyl-lysine-9 demethylase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.
FAD-dependent histone H3K9me/H3K9me2 demethylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a di- or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein. This is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent amine oxidation reaction.
histone H3-di/monomethyl-lysine-9 FAD-dependent demethylase activity
A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway mediated by the action of regulatory RNAs that protects against foreign organism invasion by restricting viral replication and dissemination.
viral gene silencing in virus induced gene silencing
viral triggering of virus induced gene silencing
dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NAD+) complex
A heteromultimeric complex capable of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NAD+); in E. coli, composed of PreA and PreT.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.
Binding to an RNA or an RNA-containing complex to assist the folding process.
obsolete resistance to pathogenic bacteria
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a non-membrane-bounded organelle.
non-membrane-bounded organelle formation
non-membrane-enclosed organelle assembly
non-membrane-enclosed organelle formation
very long-chain fatty acid omega-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an omega-methyl-very-long-chain fatty acid + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = an omega-hydroxy-very-long-chain fatty acid + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]. A very long chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons.
Binding and bringing together two or more macromolecules in contact, permitting those molecules to organize as a molecular condensate.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a nematode.
attachment of telomeric heterochromatin to nuclear envelope
The process in which physical connections are formed between sub-telomeric heterochromatin and the nuclear envelope facilitating bouquet formation.
attachment of telomeres to nuclear envelope
attachment of telomeric chromatin to nuclear envelope
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an insect.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic GMP-AMP.
The rapid, localized death of plant cells in response to invasion by a pathogen.
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + a quinone = 2-oxoglutarate + a quinol.
L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity
The salicylic acid mediated response to a pathogen which confers broad spectrum resistance.
salicylic acid-dependent systemic resistance
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus.
Binding to cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.
Binding to 3',3' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide, a cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclized via 3',5' and 3',5' linkages.
The orientation of plant parts under the stimulation of gravity.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic G-P(3'-5')A-P(2'-5') (cyclic 3',2' GAMP).
Any process that increases freezing tolerance of an organism in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic G-P(3'-5')A-P(3'-5') (cyclic 3',3' GAMP).
protein-containing complex localization to centriolar satellite
A protein-containing complex localization by which the complex is transported to, or maintained in, the centriolar satellite.
chromatin-nuclear membrane anchor activity
Binding to chromatin and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to establish and maintain the heterochromatin location and organization, or to enable equal segregation of the nuclear membrane during mitosis.
obsolete heavy metal sensitivity/resistance
Binding to 3',2' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide, a cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclized via 3',5' and 2',5' linkages.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a herbicide stimulus. Herbicides are chemicals used to kill or control the growth of plants.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.
regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.
regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import Wnt Pathway
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.
positive regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.
positive regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import Wnt Pathway
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to a light stimulus, usually toward or away from it.
The C-terminal elongation of 60S-anchored stalled nascent polypeptide chains with untemplated alanine and threonine tails (CAT tails). CAT tails participate in the recognition of stalled nascent chains by the ribosome quality control sytem.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by internalization and cleavage of the frizzled receptor to yeild a C-terminal fragment that is imported into the nucleus. The frizzled C-terminal fragment is incorporated into large ribonucleoprotein particles and stimulates their egress via nuclear budding.
The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation by the duration and nature of light, independent of photosynthesis.
large ribosomal subunit pre-assembly complex
A protein complex that assists early maturation of nascent 60S ribosomal subunits. The complex interacts with the large ribosomal subunit rRNA via one of the components (Urb2 in S. cerevisiae) and requires a RNA helicase (Dbp6 in S. cerevisiae).
Shade avoidance is a set of responses that plants display when they are subjected to the shade of another plant. It often includes elongation, altered flowering time, increased apical dominance and altered partitioning of resources. Plants are able to distinguish between the shade of an inanimate object (e.g. a rock) and the shade of another plant due to the altered balance between red and far-red light in the shade of a plant; this balance between red and far-red light is perceived by phytochrome.
A heterodimeric enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of serine to tRNA(Ser), forming L-seryl-tRNA(Ser).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.
negative regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.
negative regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import Wnt Pathway
A response to light intensity in which exposure to medium-intensity light results in increased tolerance to high-intensity light.
Binding to and carrying a histone or a histone complex to unload or deposit it as a nucleosome. The histone can be newly synthesized or result from nucleosome disassembly (either spontaneously, or by a histone chaperone).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.
The compaction of chromatin into a conformation that is refactory to transcription but that be converted to euchromatin and allow transcription in specific contexts. These can be temporal (e.g., developmental states or specific cell-cycle stages), spatial (e.g., nuclear localization changes from the center to the periphery or vice versa due to exogenous factors/signals), or parental/heritable (e.g., monoallelic gene expression).
response to low light intensity stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2.
The compaction of chromatin into a conformation that is refactory to transcription.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli.
The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation in response to growth in darkness.
Entry of a symbiont into host plant tissue via the stromata, microscopic pores in the epidermis of the aerial parts of terrestrial plants. These pores are essential for photosynthesis, as they allow CO2 to diffuse into the plant. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length, measured relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycophenolic acid (MPA). MPA is the first isolated antibiotic natural product in the world obtained from a culture of Penicillium brevicompactum in 1893.
The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to environmental time cues such as light.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of patulin, an acetate-derived tetraketide mycotoxin produced by several fungal species that shows antimicrobial properties against several bacteria.
Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from ultraviolet radiation (UV), which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to UV.
Heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the telomere, and characterized by methylated H3 histone at lysine 9 (H3K9me2/H3K9me3).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
Binds to and modulates the activity of a nuclease.
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, such as leaves or tendrils, in response to a touch stimulus, usually toward or away from it.
The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
siRNA-dependent pericentric heterochromatin formation
The formation of pericentric heterochromatin by a process mediated by a small interfering RNA.
RNAi-mediated heterochromatin assembly at centromere
siRNA dependent pericentric heterochromatin assembly
siRNA-dependent pericentric heterochromatin assembly
A complex, composed of a cluster of manganese, calcium and chloride ions bound to extrinsic proteins, that catalyzes the splitting of water to O2 and 4 H+. In cyanobacteria there are five extrinsic proteins in OEC (PsbO, PsbP-like, PsbQ-like, PsbU and PsbV), while in plants there are only three (PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ).
positive regulation of patulin biosynthetic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of patulin.
positive regulation of patulin anabolism
positive regulation of patulin formation
positive regulation of patulin synthesis
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex
The pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in higher plants, green algae and cyanobacteria that directly transfers electrons to the reaction center.
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIIa subcomplex
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIIc subcomplex
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIId subcomplex
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of free heme. These include transport of heme away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of heme.
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, peripheral complex
Pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in plants, green algae and cyanobacteria. Involved in state transitions that cause migration to PSI under certain environmental conditions such as high light.
The appearance of amphiregulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Amphiregulin (AREG) is a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a widely expressed transmembrane tyrosine kinase. AREG is synthesized as a membrane-anchored precursor protein that can engage in juxtacrine signaling on adjacent cells. Alternatively, after proteolytic processing by cell membrane proteases, mainly TACE/ADAM17, AREG is secreted and behaves as an autocrine or paracrine factor.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plastid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of amphiregulin.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chloroplast.
Binding to a GC-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence GGGCGG that is located upstream of the start point of eukaryotic transcription units. The GC-box may occur in multiple copies or in either orientation relative to the transcription start site.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a leucoplast. A leucoplast is a colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.
self-resistance to endogenously produced metabolite
A process that reduces or removes the toxicity of an endogenously produced substance. Mechanisms of resistance to endogenously produced compounds include modification the compound, export, sequestration, or mutations in the target enzyme.
self-resistance to bioactive secondary metabolite
self-resistance to endogenously produced compound
self-resistance to endogenously produced toxin
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an amyloplast. An amyloplast is a plastid whose main function is to synthesize and store starch.
The elimination of ammonium ions from an excretory cell.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chromoplast. A chromoplast is a plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll, usually yellow and orange carotenoid pigments.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lovastatin (also known as mevinolin, mevacor or monacolin K), a hypolipidemic inhibitor of (3S)-hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGR).
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an etioplast. An etioplast is a plastid arrested in the development of chloroplasts from proplastids due to absence of light or low light conditions.
positive regulation of amphiregulin production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of amphiregulin.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasmodesma, a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.
plasmodesmata organization and biogenesis
Binds to and increases the activity of a tRNA ligase.
A process that results in the assembly and arrangement of constituent parts of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall, or in the disassembly of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. This process is carried out at the cellular level. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall organization and biogenesis
plant-type cell wall organization and biogenesis
An inflammasome complex that consists of NLRP6, PYCARD/ASC and caspase-1 or caspase-4/caspase-11.
The partitioning of plastids between daughter cells at cell division.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a NLRP6 inflammasome complex.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer membrane of a plastid.
plastid outer membrane organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of lovastatin biosynthetic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lovastin.
positive regulation of mevacor biosynthetic process
positive regulation of mevinolin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of monacolin K biosynthetic process
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the inner membrane of a plastid.
plastid inner membrane organization and biogenesis
Intracellular non-membrane bound organelle, consisting of proteinaceous polyhedral shells that encapsulate enzymes, protecting the contents from their surrounding milieu and/or the milieu from reactants in their interior. The self-assembling, 25-42 nm nanocompartment shell, unlike larger bacterial microcompartments, is made of only one protein, and has only a few proteins inside. Shells about vary from about 25-42 nm in diameter. The shell protein has an HK97-like fold and probably evolved from a viral protein. Artificial encapsulin nanocompartments can be expressed and filled with cargo proteins for biotechnological uses. They are found in many bacterial and a few archaeal phyla.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of either of the lipid bilayers surrounding a plastid.
plastid membrane organization and biogenesis
The transcription of lncRNAs, non-coding RNAs over 200 nucleotides in length, from a DNA template.
sucrose:monoatomic cation symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sucrose(out) + monovalent cation(out) = sucrose(in) + monovalent cation(in).
sucrose:monovalent cation symporter activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of a lncRNA.
triose-phosphate:phosphate antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: triose-phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = triose-phosphate(in) + phosphate(out).
dihydroxyacetone phosphate:phosphate antiporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-[protein] + NAD+ = ADP-riboxanated L-argininyl-[protein] + H+ + NH4(+) + nicotinamide.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nitrate(out) + H+(out) = nitrate(in) + H+(in).
nitrate(chlorate):hydrogen symporter activity
nitrate(chlorate):proton symporter activity
Catalyzes the reaction: ATP + [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + uracil in tRNA + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster <=> AMP + diphosphate + 4-thiouracil in tRNA + [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-L-cysteine + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: auxin(out) + H+(out) = auxin(in) + H+(in).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small interfering RNA transcripts (siRNAs).
low-affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
low affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of a non-protein coding gene from a DNA-template.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + Na+(out) = K+(in) + Na+(in).
negative regulation of lncRNA transcription
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of a lncRNA.
high-affinity sulfate:proton symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity sulfate:hydrogen symporter activity
high affinity sulfate:proton symporter activity
high affinity sulphate:hydrogen symporter activity
The transcription of a small interfering RNA from an RNA template.
low-affinity sulfate:proton symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
low affinity sulfate:hydrogen symporter activity
low affinity sulfate:proton symporter activity
low affinity sulphate:hydrogen symporter activity
A histone octamer slider activity that spaces nucleosomes along chromosomal DNA. This activity is involved in assembling chromatin in uniform nucleosome arrays to regulate transcription by RNA polymerases I, II, and III, as well as DNA replication, recombination and repair.
double fertilization forming two zygotes
Rudimentary double fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the ventral canal cell nucleus to form a second zygote, which soon degenerates. An example of this process is found in the Gnetophytes, such as Welwitschia mirabilis.
A chromatin remodeler activity that slides core histone octamers along chromosomal DNA.
pyrophosphate hydrolysis-driven proton transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transmembrane transport of one proton (H+), driven by the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate, and generating a proton motive force.
diphosphate hydrolysis-driven proton transmembrane transporter activity
hydrogen-translocating pyrophosphatase activity
PP(i) hydrolysis-driven proton transmembrane transporter activity
proton-translocating pyrophosphatase activity
positive regulation of regulation of ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose(out) + H+(out) = hexose(in) + H+(in).
Catalysis of the reaction: phlorizin + H2O = beta-D-glucose + phloretin.
reorganization of cellular membranes to establish viral sites of replication
A process in intracellular membranes are reorganized by viral proteins that perturb membrane integrity and can cause an extensive rearrangement of cellular membranes, forming membranous webs, which are thought to be the site of replication or certain viruses, for example the HPV virus.
reorganization of host cellular membranes to establish sites of replication
A process in which a virus triggers host intracellular membranes to be reorganized, forming membranous webs, which are thought to be the site of replication or certain viruses, for example the HPV virus.
A response to non-pathogenic bacteria that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling.
branched 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + a branched [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.
linear 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + a linear [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.
An metal-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves NEDD8 from a target protein to which it is conjugated.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.
histone H3K56 methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 56) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 56). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 56 of the histone H3 protein.
histone-H3K56 methyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-methyltransferase activity (H3-K56 specific)
histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K56 specific)
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the proteasome.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.
An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves NEDD8 from a target protein to which it is conjugated.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.
glucose dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a quinone + D-glucose = a quinol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.
induction of phytoalexin biosynthetic process
The activation of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, low-molecular mass, lipophilic antimicrobial compounds that accumulate rapidly at sites of incompatible pathogen infection.
programmed DNA elimination by elimination of internal DNA segments
A programmed DNA elimination mechanism in which specific sequences, namely, internal eliminated sequences (IES) and breakage eliminated sequences (BES) are removed from the genome. This process is known to occur in ciliates.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.
histone H3K56me2/H3K56me3 demethylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 56 of the histone H3 protein.
histone demethylase activity (H3-K56 specific)
histone H3-tri/dimethyl-lysine-56 demethylase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.
calmodulin-activated 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic AMP + H2O = AMP + H+; this activity is activated by binding to calcium-bound calmodulin.
calcium/calmodulin-regulated cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity
calcium- and calmodulin-regulated 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity
calcium- and calmodulin-regulated AMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity
calcium- and calmodulin-regulated cAMP phosphodiesterase activity
calcium- and calmodulin-regulated cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.
A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) elicit silencing of specific target genes. siRNAs are 21-23 nucleotide RNA duplexes that are fully complementary to their target mRNA. siRNAs can be exported and act in other cells, including in germline cells. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), siRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA or mRNA translational repression. siRNAs are present in lower animals and plants, but not found in mammals; whereas miRNAs are present in all the animals and in plants.
posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA
post-transcriptional gene silencing by siRNA
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.
ethene biosynthetic process from L-methionine
ethylene biosynthetic process from L-methionine
An adaptor that brings together an enzyme and its substrate. Adaptors recruit the substrate to its enzyme, thus contributing to substrate selection and specificity.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative with the formula (1R-(1 alpha, 2 beta(Z)))-3-oxo-2-(2-pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic acid.
small RNA binding translational repressor activity
A translational repressor activity that binds to a single-stranded small regulatory RNA (either a miRNA or a siRNA) to guide it to its target mRNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative.
NAD-dependent histone H3K56 deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 56) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 56) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 56 of the histone H3 protein.
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K56 specific)
NAD-dependent histone H3-K56 deacetylase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid.
CoA-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-myristoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + tetradecanoyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + N(6)-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid.
ACP-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-palmitoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecanoyl-[ACP] + L-lysyl-[protein] = H+ + holo-[ACP] + N(6)-hexadecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.
protein ADP-ribosyltransferase-substrate adaptor activity
An enzyme-substrate adaptor that bings together a protein ADP-ribosyl transferase and its substrate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.
ACP-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-myristoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + tetradecanoyl-[ACP] = H+ + holo-[ACP] + N(6)-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.
NAD-dependent protein depalmitoylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N6-octadecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ + H2O = octadecanoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.
isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
Binding to an actin filament and promoting the dissociation of an actin filament branch.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + ATP = beta-L-arabinose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:L-arabinose 1-phosphotransferase activity
CoA-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-palmitoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + hexadecanoyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + N(6)-hexadecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].
Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NAD+ + H2O = nitrate + NADH + H+.
assimilatory NADH:nitrate reductase activity
assimilatory NADH: nitrate reductase activity
NADH-dependent nitrate reductase activity
NAD-dependent protein demyristoylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N6-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ + H2O = tetradecanoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.
The greening response of plants grown in the dark (etiolated) as a result of chloroplast biogenesis and the accumulation of chlorophyll.
A protein-containing complex stabilizing activity that prevents dissociation of microtubules.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vacuole that retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. The membrane separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
membrane of vacuole with cell cycle-independent morphology
The appearance of XCL1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope; also faces the chloroplast stroma.
protein-containing complex destabilizing activity
A molecular function that involves direct binding to one of the subunits of a protein-containing complex and promoting the dissociation of one or many subunits. This often happens by changing the conformation of the protein being bound, which decreases its affinity for the rest of the complex.
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope.
protein-containing complex stabilizing activity
A molecular function that involves direct binding to one of the subunits of a protein-containing complex, thus preventing an interaction with a factor that would promote dissociation of the complex.
benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, compounds with bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings.
benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novofumigatonin, a heavily oxygenated meroterpenoid containing a unique orthoester moiety.
terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoid indole alkaloids, compounds formed from the condensation of tryptamine (derived from tryptophan) and secologanin (derived from geranyl pyrophosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (M)-viriditoxin, a fungal secondary metabolite with antibacterial activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tropane alkaloids, compounds containing the 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ring system.
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host system process
OBSOLETE. The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in an anatomical system process of its host organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ilicicolin H, a 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone alkaloid that has potent and broad antifungal activities by inhibiting the mitochondrial respiration chain.
catechol-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a compound containing a pyrocatechol (1,2-benzenediol) nucleus or substituent.
Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of glutamine.
catechol-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent.
Catalysis of the active transport of a phosphate ion across a membrane by a mechanism involving conformational change, where energy for active transport is derived from membrane potential if the solute is charged.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chalcones, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.
Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of a metal ion.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.
Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of an amino acid.
flavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
obsolete histone serine/threonine phosphatase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: histone serine phosphate + H2O = histone serine + phosphate, and histone threonine phosphate + H2O = histone threonine + phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids.
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2AX serine phosphate (position 140) + H2O = histone H2AX serine (position 140) + phosphate.
histone H2-S140 serine phosphatase activity
histone serine phosphatase activity (H2-S140 specific)
anthocyanin-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins.
Catalysis of the active transport of a L-glutamate across a membrane by a mechanism involving conformational change, where energy for active transport is derived from membrane potential if the solute is charged.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.
Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated histone + H2O = a protein + phosphate.
The series of events in which a hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 3 L-arginyl = histone 3 L-citrullyl + NH4+, resulting in histone citrullination.
The series of events in which an auxin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
histone H3R2 arginine deiminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 3 L-arginyl (position 2)= histone 3 L-citrullyl (position 2) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 2.
histone-arginine deiminase activity (H3-R2 specific)
histone H3-R2 arginine deiminase activity
The series of events in which a cytokinin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
obsolete histone tyrosine phosphatase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: histone tyrosine phosphate + H2O = histone tyrosine + phosphate.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethylene (ethene) stimulus.
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2AX tyrosine phosphate (position 142) + H2O = histone H2AX tyrosine (position 142) + phosphate.
histone tyrosine phosphatase activity (H2-Y142 specific)
The series of events in which an abscisic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
histone H3R26 arginine deiminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 3 L-arginyl (position 26)= histone 3 L-citrullyl (position 26) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 26.
histone-arginine deiminase activity (H3-R26 specific)
histone H3-R26 arginine deiminase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine(out) + H+(in) = glycine(in) + H+(out).
The series of events in which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
histone H3R8 arginine deiminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 3 L-arginyl (position 8)= histone 3 L-citrullyl (position 8) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 8.
histone-arginine deiminase activity (H3-R8 specific)
histone H3-R8 arginine deiminase activity
The series of events in which an ethylene (ethene) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
histone H3R17 arginine deiminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 3 L-arginyl (position 17)= histone 3 L-citrullyl (position 17) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 17.
histone-arginine deiminase activity (H3-R17 specific)
histone H3-R17 arginine deiminase activity
The series of events in which a gibberellic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
NAD+-protein-C-terminal glycine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-C-terminal glycine + NAD+ = [protein]-C-terminal O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-glycine + nicotinamide.
The series of events in which a brassinosteroid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
NAD+- protein-cysteine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteinyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + nicotinamide + S-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein].
The series of events in which a carbohydrate stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
gamma-aminobutyric acid:proton antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate(out) + H+(in) = 4-aminobutanoate(in) + H+(out).
The series of events in which a sucrose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2AX-tyrosine (position 142) + ATP = (histone H2AX-phosphotyrosine (position 142) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 142 of histone variant H2AX.
histone kinase activity (H2AX-Y142 specific)
The series of events in which a stimulus from a hexose is received and converted into a molecular signal.
NAD+- protein-aspartate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 4-O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-aspartyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auxin stimulus.
NAD+-protein-glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 5-O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-glutamyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.
The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of the plant hormone auxin to a receptor, and ending with modulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
NAD+- protein-lysine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + N(6)-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokinin stimulus.
NAD+-protein-serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-seryl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + nicotinamide + O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-seryl-[protein].
The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of a cytokinin to a receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
histone H1R54 arginine deiminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 1 L-arginyl (position 54)= histone 1 L-citrullyl (position 54) + NH4+, resulting in histone H1 citrullination at position 54.
histone-arginine deiminase activity (H1-R54 specific)
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abscisic acid stimulus.
histone H2AR3 arginine deiminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 2A L-arginyl (position 3)= histone 2A L-citrullyl (position 3) + NH4+, resulting in histone H2A citrullination at position 3.
histone-arginine deiminase activity (H2A-R3 specific)
histone H2A-R3 arginine deiminase activity
abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) to a receptor, and ending with modulation of a cellular process, e.g. transcription.
abscisic acid-mediated signaling pathway
NAD+-protein-tyrosine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + nicotinamide + O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-tyrosyl-[protein].
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.
histone H4R3 arginine deiminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 4 L-arginyl (position 3)= histone 4 L-citrullyl (position 3) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 3.
histone-arginine deiminase activity (H4-R3 specific)
histone H4-R3 arginine deiminase activity
gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid.
glycine betaine:sodium:chloride symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine betaine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out)= glycine betaine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).
sodium/chloride-dependent glycine betaine transporter activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.
NAD+-protein-histidine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + Nt-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-histidyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.
brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of brassinosteroid.
orotate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: orotate(out) + anion (in) = orotate (in) + anion (out).
orotate:organic anion antiporter activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.
urate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: urate(out) + anion (in) = urate (in) + anion (out).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.
A 5'-end triphospho-[mRNA] + H2O = a 5'-end diphospho-[mRNA] + H+ + phosphate.
mRNA 5'-triphosphate monophosphatase activity
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of sucrose.
UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose transporter activity
Enables the transfer of UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose from one side of a membrane to the other.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexose stimulus.
NAD+-histone H2BS6 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the serine-6 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B.
NAD+-histone H2B-S6 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
NAD+-histone-serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (H2B-S6 specific)
The series of molecular signals mediated by hexose and dependent on the detection of hexokinase.
NAD+-histone H3S10 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the serine-10 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3.
NAD+-histone H3-S10 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
NAD+-histone-serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (H3-S10 specific)
The series of molecular signals mediated by hexose and independent of hexokinase.
NAD+-histone H2BE35 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the glutamate-35 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B (or an equivalent residue).
NAD+-histone-glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (H2B-E35 specific)
NAD+-histone H2B-E35 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2B-serine (position 36) + ATP = histone H2B-phosphoserine (position 36) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 36 of histone H2B.
histone kinase activity (H2B-S36 specific)
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fructose stimulus.
The directed movement of substances from the cytosol into the Golgi apparatus of a cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salicylic acid stimulus.
UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose import into Golgi lumen
The directed movement of UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus of a cell.
cytosol to Golgi apparatus UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose transport
The series of events in which a salicylic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
Enables the transfer of zinc from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + Zn2+(in) = H+(in) + Zn2+(out).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus.
Binding to and delivering zinc ions to a target protein.
The series of events in which a jasmonic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Series of events required for a jasmonic acid stimulus to be detected and converted to a signal molecule.
thioredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxin activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [thioredoxin]-dithiol + a hydroperoxide = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + an alcohol + H2O.
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a phenolic donor + H2O2 = 2 a phenolic radical donor + 2 H2O.
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of carbohydrate.
L-glutamine, sodium:proton antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na+(in).
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of hexose.
L-asparagine, sodium:proton antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + L-asparagine(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + L-asparagine(in) + Na+(in).
A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary carbohydrate sources,usually glucose, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary carbohydrate source and to transport and metabolize alternate carbohydrate sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects carbohydrate levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize carbohydrates, and ends when the carbohydrate is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.
metal cation:monoatomic cation antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + Na+(in) = solute(in) + Na+(out).
indole glucosinolate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan.
bicarbonate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(in) + HCO3-(out) = solute(out) + HCO3-(in).
The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) in the mesophyll cells to make a 4-carbon acid which is immediately converted to malic acid. The malic acid is then passed across to the bundle sheath cells where it is broken down again to pyruvic acid and CO2. The acid is passed back to the mesophyll cells to be used again, while the CO2 is fed into the reductive pentose-phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) and converted into sugar and starch.
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S2 kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + RNA polymerase II large subunit phosphoserine (position 2).
RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain S2 kinase activity
The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) to make malic acid. The malic acid is then passed into the vacuole where it is stored until daylight, when it is shuttled back out to be used as a substrate in the light reaction of photosynthesis.
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat T4 kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + RNA polymerase II large subunit phosphothreonine (position 4).
RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain T4 kinase activity
The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NADP-malic enzyme.
L-histidine, sodium:proton antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + L-histidine(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + L-histidine(in) + Na+(in).
The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NAD-malic enzyme.
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat Y1 kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + RNA polymerase II large subunit phosphotyrosine (position 1).
RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain Y1 kinase activity
The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK).
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) cis-proline (omega=180) = RNA polymerase II large subunit trans-proline (omega=0).
Absorption and transfer of the energy absorbed from light photons between photosystem reaction centers.
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat P3 isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) cis-proline (omega=180) (position 3) = RNA polymerase II large subunit trans-proline (omega=0) (position 3).
RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain P3 isomerase activity
OBSOLETE. In the photosynthetic reaction centers, primary charge separation is initiated by the excitation of a molecule followed by the transfer of an electron to an electron acceptor molecule following energy transfer from light harvesting complexes.
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S5 kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + RNA polymerase II large subunit phosphoserine (position 5).
RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain S5 kinase activity
A process, occurring as part of photosynthesis, in which light provides the energy for a series of electron carriers to operate together to transfer electrons and generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
electron carrier, chlorophyll electron transport system
photosynthetic electron transport in cytochrome b6/f
photosynthetic electron transport in plastocyanin
photosynthetic electron transport in plastoquinone
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S7 kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + RNA polymerase II large subunit phosphoserine (position 7).
RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain S7 kinase activity
photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem I
After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem I, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.
RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain S5 O-GlcNAc transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) = UDP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat 3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine (position 5).
photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem II
After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem II, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.
RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain S7 O-GlcNAc transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) = UDP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat 3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine (position 7).
obsolete primary charge separation in photosystem I
OBSOLETE. Energized reaction-center P700 chlorophylls on photosystem I donate an electron to a loosely bound Quinone acceptor molecule X, on the stromal surface of the thylakoid membrane. The result is charge separation; a negative charge on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane and a positive charge on the luminal side.
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat P6 isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) cis-proline (omega=180) (position 6) = RNA polymerase II large subunit trans-proline (omega=0) (position 6).
RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain P6 isomerase activity
obsolete primary charge separation in photosystem II
OBSOLETE. Energized reaction-center P680 chlorophylls on photosystem II donate an electron to a loosely bound acceptor molecule, the quinone Q, on the stromal surface of the thylakoid membrane. The result is charge separation; a negative charge on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane and a positive charge on the luminal side.
RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain O-GlcNAc transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) = UDP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat 3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine.
photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem II
A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, Q) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach the ultimate electron acceptor of Photosystem II, which is plastocyanin (PC). The electron is then passed to the P700 chlorophyll a molecules of the reaction centre of photosystem I.
positive regulation of promoter clearance from RNA polymerase II promoter
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II.
photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem I
A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, X) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach ferredoxin which passes the electron to the ultimate electron acceptor; NADP.
negative regulation of promoter clearance from RNA polymerase II promoter
A process that stops, prevents or reduces the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II.
NAD+-histone H2BE2 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the glutamate-2 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B (or an equivalent residue).
NAD+-histone-glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (H2B-E2 specific)
NAD+-histone H2B-E2 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
regulation of promoter clearance from RNA polymerase II promoter
A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II.
histone H2B C-terminal K residue ubiquitin ligase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to a histone 2B at the conserved C-terminal lysine (K) residue. The last K residue is at position 119 in fission yeast, 123 in budding yeast, and 120 in mammals.
histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitin ligase activity
histone H2BK120 ubiquitin ligase activity
histone H2B-K120 ubiquitin ligase activity
histone ubiquitin ligase activity (H2B-K120 specific)
Any metabolic process in which photosynthetic organisms use light energy to convert ADP to ATP without the concomitant reduction of dioxygen (O2) to water that occurs in phosphorylation.
Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 3 at the lysine-14 residue.
histone H3-K14 ubiquitin ligase activity
histone ubiquitin ligase activity (H3-K14 specific)
A photosynthetic phosphorylation process in which ATP synthesis is driven by a proton gradient generated across the thylakoid membrane. Involves only photosystem I.
amino acid:monoatomic cation antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + monoatomic cation(in) = solute(in) + monoatomic cation(out). Monoatomic cations include H+, Mg2+, Ca2+, etc.
noncyclic photosynthetic phosphorylation
A photosynthetic phosphorylation process in which ATP synthesis is linked to the transport of electrons from water to NADP+ with the production of NADPH and dioxygen (O2). Involves photosystem I and photosystem II.
ATP-dependent H2AZ histone chaperone activity
A histone chaperone that mediates the exchange of histone H2A-H2B dimer and histone H2AZ-H2B dimers in a nucleosome, driven by ATP hydrolysis. Some chaperones insert H2AZ-H2B dimers and remove H2A-H2B, while others do the opposite.
ATP-dependent H2A.Z histone chaperone activity
An NADPH regeneration process that contributes to the light reactions of photosynthesis. The light reactions of photosynthesis use energy from photons to generate high-energy electrons. These electrons are used directly to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. NADPH is a relatively stable molecule and can pass on its hydrogen atom to other molecules in chemical reactions.
interleukin-19-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-19 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
OBSOLETE. Processes by which a molecule of water is oxidized during photosynthesis. P680+, the photochemically oxidized reaction-center chlorophyll of PSII, is a strong biological oxidant. The reduction potential of P680+ is more positive than that of water, and thus it can oxidize water to give O2 and H+ ions. The oxygen escapes as a gas while the H+ ions remain in solution inside the thylakoid vesicle.
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-serine (position 57) + ATP = histone H3-phosphoserine (position 57) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 57 of histone H3.
histone kinase activity (H3-S57 specific)
histone serine kinase activity (H3-S57 specific)
histone-serine kinase activity (H3-S57 specific)
The antenna complex of photosystem I. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).
Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone substrate.
The antenna complex of photosystem II. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).
cholesterol-protein transferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a cholesterol to an acceptor protein.
transmembrane receptor histidine kinase activity
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of a membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.
histone H2AK15 ubiquitin ligase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-15 residue.
histone ubiquitin ligase activity (H2A-K15 specific)
The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of blue light by photoreceptor molecule, at a wavelength between 400nm and 470nm.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + medicarpin = 4'-methoxyisoflavan-2',4,7-triol.
2',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavanol dehydratase activity
2'-hydroxyisoflavanol 4,2'-dehydratase activity
7,2'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavanol dehydratase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
histone H2AK13 ubiquitin ligase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-13 residue.
histone ubiquitin ligase activity (H2A-K13 specific)
regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.
regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling pathway
regulation of abscisic acid mediated signalling
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-threonine (position 45) + ATP = histone H3-phosphothreonine (position 45) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the threonine residue at position 45 of histone H3.
histone kinase activity (H3-T45 specific)
histone threonine kinase activity (H3-T45 specific)
histone-threonine kinase activity (H3-T45 specific)
negative regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.
downregulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
down regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
down-regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
inhibition of abscisic acid mediated signaling
negative regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of abscisic acid mediated signalling
histone H2AK119 ubiquitin ligase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-119 residue.
histone H2A-K119 ubiquitin ligase activity
histone ubiquitin ligase activity (H2A-K119 specific)
positive regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.
activation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
positive regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of abscisic acid mediated signalling
stimulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
upregulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
up regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
up-regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
histone H2AK127 ubiquitin ligase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-127 residue.
histone H2A-K127 ubiquitin ligase activity
histone ubiquitin ligase activity (H2A-K127 specific)
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
(3R)-2'-hydroxyisoflavanone reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a (3R,4R)-4,2'-dihydroxyisoflavan + NADP+ = a (3R)-2'-hydroxyisoflavanone + H+ + NADPH.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development.
DNA repair-dependent chromatin remodeling
A chromatin remodeling process that allows DNA repair enzyme to access genomic DNA and repair DNA lesions.
DNA damage-dependent chromatin remodeling
embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell.
interleukin-20-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-20 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-20-mediated signalling pathway
embryo development ending in seed dormancy
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
NAD+-histone H2BE18 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the glutamate-18 residue of histone H2B (or an equivalent residue).
NAD+-histone-glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (H2B-E18 specific)
NAD+-histone H2B-E18 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replication and segregation of genetic material in the embryo.
modulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle progression
regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle
regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle progression
regulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
histone H2AK129 ubiquitin ligase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-129 residue.
histone H2A-K129 ubiquitin ligase activity
histone ubiquitin ligase activity (H2A-K129 specific)
interleukin-22-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-22 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-22-mediated signalling pathway
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of RNA polymerase.
repressor of RNA polymerase inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an RNA polymerase inhibitor.
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or around a point.
4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase (4,4'-diapolycopene-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD = 4,4'-diapolycopene + 3 FADH2. This reaction consists of three successive dehydrogenations that lead to the introduction of three double bonds into 4,4'-diapophytoene (dehydrosqualene), with 4,4'-diapophytofluene and 4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene as intermediates, and 4,4'-diaponeurosporene (the major deep-yellow pigment in staphylococci strains) as the end product.
The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism such that a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts around a common axis, or around each side of a plane is created.
miRNA inhibitor activity via base-pairing
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of miRNA-mediated gene silencing activity by base-pairing with a target miRNA. An example of this activity is mediated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).
base-pairing target-directed microRNA suppressor activity
base-pairing target-directed miRNA suppressor activity
miRNA binding involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.
phenylpropenoic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of paraherquonin, a meroterpenoid with a unique, highly congested hexacyclic molecular architecture.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of PR-toxin, a bicyclic sesquiterpene belonging to the eremophilane class and acting as a mycotoxin.
cinnamic acid ester biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.
cinnamylic acid ester biosynthetic process
phenylacrylic acid ester biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of viridicatumtoxin, a tetracycline-like fungal meroterpenoid with a unique, fused spirobicyclic ring system.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of paxilline, a mycotoxin that acts as an inhibitor of mammalian maxi-K channels.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of griseofulvin, an important antifungal drug that has been in use for a long time for treating dermatophyte infections.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coumarins, a class of compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of conidiogenone , a diterpene known to induce the conidiation.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of andrastin A, a meroterpenoid that exhibits inhibitory activity against ras farnesyltransferase, suggesting that it could have promising antitumor activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mevastatin , also known as compactin or ML-236B, and which acts as a potent competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.
The directed movement of zinc ions from a cell, into the extracellular region.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignins, a class of polymers formed by the dehydrogenetive radical polymerization of various phenylpropanoid monomers.
induction by virus of host reticulophagy
Any process in which a virus activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reticulophagy in the host.
activation of host reticulophagy by virus
positive regulation by virus of host reticulophagy
The chemical reactions and pathways involving stilbenes, a class of polyketides formed from a molecule of cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terrein, a fungal metabolite with ecological, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and antioxidative activities.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA.
positive regulation terrein biosynthetic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the fungal metabolite terrein.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton including flavones, flavonols and flavanoids, and anthocyanins.
suppression by virus of host interferon-mediated signaling pathway
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism.
inhibition of host interferon signaling pathway by virus
negative regulation by virus of host interferon-mediated signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host IFN-mediated signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host interferon-mediated signalling pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.
positive regulation of nucleosome disassembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled breakdown of nucleosomes, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.
suppression by virus of host type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type II interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type II interferon is also known as interferon-gamma.
negative regulation by virus of host type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host type II IFN-mediated signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host type II interferon-mediated signalling pathway
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + L-ascorbate + O2 = CO2 + dehydroascorbate + ethylene + 2 H2O + hydrogen cyanide. Ethene is also known as ethylene.
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxygenase (ethylene-forming)
aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase activity
suppression by virus of host type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type III interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type III interferon is also known as interferon-lambda.
negative regulation by virus of host type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host type III IFN-mediated signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host type III interferon-mediated signalling pathway
A histone chaperone that carries a H1 histone.
A process leading to the generation of a functional small regulatory non-coding RNA derived from a tRNA.
The series of molecular signals initiated by type II interferon binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Type II interferon is also known as interferon-gamma.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of prolonged deprivation of water that restores that organism to a normal (non-stressed) condition.
DNA replication-dependent chromatin disassembly
The disruption of nucleosomes during DNA replication to allow the replication machinery to access the DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).
endolysosomal toll-like receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor (PRR) of the toll-like family. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.
endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as nonprotein amino acids, amines, peptides, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones, or primary metabolite (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).
cell surface toll-like receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR) of the toll-like family.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).
sodium,bicarbonate:chloride antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction chloride(in) + 2 hydrogencarbonate(out) + Na+(out) = chloride(out) + 2 hydrogencarbonate(in) + Na+(in).
sodium-dependent chloride/bicarbonate exchanger activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as plant growth regulators.
neutral amino acid, sodium:proton antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + amino acid(in) + Na+(in).
amino acid-coupled Na+/H+ exchanger activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + dimethylallyl diphosphate = N(6)-(dimethylallyl)adenosine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate.
2-isopentenyl-diphosphate:AMP 2-isopentenyltransferase activity
2-isopentenyl-diphosphate:AMP delta2-isopentenyltransferase activity
adenylate dimethylallyltransferase activity
adenylate isopentenyltransferase activity
dimethylallyl-diphosphate:AMP dimethylallyltransferase activity
A chromatin remodeling process in which CENP-A is removed from euchromatin regions to prevent neocentromere formation.
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in two or three [spatial] dimensions or along two or three axes.
The process in which a plastid gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis, resulting in the morphogenesis of the cell.
cell morphogenesis by unidimensional growth
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a double-stranded DNA or RNA from another organism to cytosolic cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) that activates innate immune responses through production of the second messenger cGAMP, which activates the adaptor STING.
The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall modification
Combining with a mechanical force and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction.
The series of events causing chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that results in greater extensibility of the wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall loosening
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-glutamine(out) + Na+(out) = L-glutamine(in) + Na+(in).
cell wall modification involved in fruit ripening
The series of events resulting in chemical or structural alterations of existing cell walls that contribute to fruit ripening.
histone H3R26 methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 26) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 26). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 26 of histone H3.
histone-arginine N-methyltransferase activity (H3-R26 specific)
histone H3R26 arginine methyltransferase activity
histone-H3R26 methyltransferase activity
histone methylase activity (H3-R26 specific)
histone methyltransferase activity (H3-R26 specific)
cell wall modification involved in abscission
A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of abscission.
cell wall modification during abscission
chloride:bicarbonate antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: chloride(in) + HCO3-(out) = chloride(out) + HCO3-(in).
bicarbonate:chloride antiporter activity
plant-type cell wall modification involved in multidimensional cell growth
The series of events that occur during cell growth that result in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls of the type composed chiefly of cellulose and pectin. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall modification during multidimensional cell growth
cell wall modification during cell expansion
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-asparagine(out) + Na+(out) = L-asparagine(in) + Na+(in).
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall biogenesis
Catalysis of the reaction: R-CH + a halogen + oxygen donor = R-C-halogen +H2O.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of cellulose and pectin-containing cell walls that form adjacent to the middle lamella following cell division and during cell expansion. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
cellulose and pectin-containing primary cell wall biogenesis
Catalysis of the reaction: R-CH + a halogen + FADH2 + O2 = R-C-halogen + FAD + H2O.
plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of inextensible cellulose- and pectin-containing cell walls that are formed between the plasma membrane and primary cell wall after cell expansion is complete. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
cellulose and pectin-containing secondary cell wall biogenesis
secondary cell wall biosynthetic process
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cytoophidium. Cytoophidia are mesoscale, intracellular, filamentous structures that contain metabolic enzymes.
An developmental maturation process that has as participant a fruit. Ripening causes changes in one or more characteristics of a fruit (color, aroma, flavor, texture, hardness, cell wall structure) and may make it more attractive to animals and aid in seed dispersal.
Catalysis of the reaction: R-CH + a halogen + H2O2 = R-C-halogen + H2O.
A fruit ripening process that involves a burst of respiration and ethylene (ethene) evolution at the onset.
A complex consisting of ADAM17 in complex with regulatory iRhoms and FERM domain containing proteins.
A fruit ripening process that does not involve a respiratory burst.
An activity in which a protein is inserted into the membrane of another cell where it forms transmembrane pores. Pores disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane, resulting in deregulated ion homeostasis, cellular dysfunction, and can result in cell death.
histone H3K122 acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 122) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 122).
histone acetylase activity (H3-K122 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K122 specific)
histone H3-K122 acetyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H3-K122 specific)
obsolete SCF complex substrate recognition subunit
OBSOLETE. The portion of the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex that contains sites required for recognition (and recruitment) of the substrate to the complex.
The process of doubling of the number of maxicircles and minicircles and distribution of the progeny into two daughter networks, which are identical to the parent kinetoplast DNA network.
A Clp endopeptidase complex located in the chloroplast.
The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol, across an organelle membrane, into a secretory vesicle.
A Clp endopeptidase complex located in the mitochondrion.
The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol, across an organelle membrane, into a zymogen granule.
A plastid that contains unstacked, phycobilisome-bearing thylakoid membranes and is surrounded by a double membrane with a peptidoglycan layer in the intermembrane space between the two envelope membranes. Cyanelles are characteristic of algae in the class Glaucophyta, and may represent an ancestral form of plastid.
Binding to a membrane and increasing its permeability. This may lead to cell membrane lysis and cell content release.
A thylakoid found in a cyanelle, which is a type of plastid found in certain algae. The cyanelle contains a photosynthetic membrane resembling that of cyanobacteria.
viral release via disruption of host peptidoglycan cell wall
The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell, caused by a virus hydrolyzing the peptidoglycan cell wall of the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.
OBSOLETE. The physiological and developmental changes by a seed, spore, pollen grain (microspore), or zygote that occur after release from dormancy, and encompassing events prior to and including the first visible indications of growth.
The core region of the centrosome, a layered structure containing proteins, surrounded by the centrosomal corona. The core duplicates once per cell cycle at the G2/M transition when two outer layers form the mitotic spindle poles.
The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis.
The suite of morphological and architectural changes in an organism induced by high ambient temperatures, below the heat-stress range.
The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a heterosporous plant pollen grain, beginning with hydration and terminating with the emergence of the pollen tube through the aperture.
The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol, across an organelle membrane, into a lysosome.
The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth (e.g. emergence from a spore wall).
The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol, across an organelle membrane, into a mitochondrion.
indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole-3-acetic acid that occurs through metabolism of L-tryptophan.
indoleacetic acid anabolism via tryptophan
indoleacetic acid formation via tryptophan
indoleacetic acid synthesis via tryptophan
positive regulation of thermomorphogenesis
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of thermomorphogenesis.
tryptophan-independent indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indoleacetic acid, independent of tryptophan.
indoleacetic acid biosynthesis, tryptophan-independent
indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process, tryptophan-independent
tryptophan-independent IAA biosynthetic process
tryptophan-independent indoleacetic acid anabolism
tryptophan-independent indoleacetic acid biosynthesis
tryptophan-independent indoleacetic acid formation
tryptophan-independent indoleacetic acid synthesis
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a magnetosome. Magnetosomes are specialized organelles for magnetic navigation that comprise membrane-enveloped, nano-sized crystals of a magnetic iron mineral; they are formed by a diverse group of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thermomorphogenesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
negative regulation of thermomorphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thermomorphogenesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
L-kynurenine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-kynurenine from one side of a membrane to the other.
A light-dependent catabolic process occurring concomitantly with photosynthesis in plants (especially C3 plants) whereby dioxygen (O2) is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is evolved. The substrate is glycolate formed in large quantities in chloroplasts from 2-phosphoglycolate generated from ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by the action of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; the glycolate enters the peroxisomes where it is converted by glycolate oxidase to glyoxylate which undergoes transamination to glycine. This then passes into the mitochondria where it is decarboxylated forming one molecule of serine for every two molecules of glycine. This pathway also exists in photosynthetic bacteria.
cyclic-di-GMP transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of cyclic-di-GMP from one side of a membrane to the other.
The reactions of the C2 pathway bring about the metabolic conversion of two molecules of 2-phosphoglycolate to one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate, which can be used by the C3 cycle, and one molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2).
The directed movement of L-kynurenine across a membrane.
The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to a single longitudinal plane. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.
L-phenylalanine import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of L-phenylalanine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The cascade of biological processes occurring in plants beginning when the pollen lands on the female reproductive organs of a plant and continuing up to, but not including, fertilization, as defined by sperm-egg cell fusion.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-fructose(out) + Na+(out) = D-fructose(in) + Na+(in).
neutral L-amino acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neutral L-amino acid(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = neutral L-amino acid(in) + Na+(in)+ Cl-(in).
neutral amino acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity
obsolete compatible pollen-pistil interaction
OBSOLETE. An interaction between a pollen grain and pistil that results in unimpeded growth of the pollen tube through the stigma and style.
inhibition of non-skeletal tissue mineralization
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of non-mineral tissue, by preventing mineralization of non-skeletal tissue.
inhibition of ectopic tissue mineralization
The process in which water is taken up by pollen.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-mannose(out) + Na+(out) = D-mannose(in) + Na+(in).
Growth of pollen via tip extension of the intine wall.
A deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from a histone protein to which it is conjugated.
jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
The jasmonic acid and ethylene (ethene) dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.
jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
jasmonic acid and ethene-dependent systemic resistance
histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine deubiquitinase activity
A histone deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from the conserved C-terminal lysine residue of a histone H2B protein to which it is conjugated. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, and K120 in mammals.
histone conserved C-terminal lysine deubiquitination
systemic acquired resistance, salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals mediated by salicylic acid involved in systemic acquired resistance.
salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway (systemic acquired resistance)
systemic acquired resistance, salicylic acid mediated signalling pathway
5'-(N(7)-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-[mRNA] diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end (N2,N2,N7-trimethyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end diphospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + 2 H+ + N7-methyl-GMP. Can also use (N7-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-ribonucleoside in mRNA as a substrate.
m(7)GpppN m(7)GMP phosphohydrolase activity
salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals mediated by salicylic acid.
salicylic acid-mediated signaling pathway
salicylic acid mediated signalling pathway
salicylic acid mediated signal transduction
5'-(N(7)-methylguanosine 5'-triphospho)-[mRNA] hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end (N7-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + N7-methyl-GDP + H+.
induced systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in induced systemic resistance.
induced systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signalling pathway
jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway (induced systemic resistance)
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H3 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H3. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.
The process in which the pollen tube adheres to cells of the stigma and style.
Catalysis of the reaction: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H4 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H4. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.
induced systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in induced systemic resistance.
ethene mediated signaling pathway (induced systemic resistance)
ethylene mediated signaling pathway (induced systemic resistance)
induced systemic resistance, ethene mediated signaling pathway
induced systemic resistance, ethene mediated signalling pathway
induced systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signalling pathway
A histone deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from a histone H2B protein to which it is conjugated.
jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid.
jasmonic acid mediated signalling pathway
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 12 of the histone H4 protein.
histone deacetylase activity (H4-K12 specific)
jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene (ethene) dependent systemic resistance.
jasmonic acid/ethene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
jasmonic acid/ethene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signalling pathway
jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signalling pathway
jasmonic acid and ethene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway (jasmonic acid/ethene-dependent systemic resistance)
jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway (jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent systemic resistance)
histone H3K9 dimethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me2.
histone lysine N-dimethyltransferase activity (H3-K9 specific)
obsolete incompatible pollen-pistil interaction
OBSOLETE. An interaction between a pollen grain and pistil that results in inhibition of pollen germination/growth.
histone H4K20 trimethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 20 of the histone H4 protein, producing histone H4K20me3.
histone lysine N-trimethyltransferase activity (H4-K20 specific)
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H2 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H2A. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.
jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene dependent systemic resistance.
ethene mediated signaling pathway (jasmonic acid/ethene-dependent systemic resistance)
ethylene mediated signaling pathway (jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent systemic resistance)
jasmonic acid/ethene-dependent systemic resistance, ethene mediated signaling pathway
jasmonic acid/ethene-dependent systemic resistance, ethene mediated signalling pathway
jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway
jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signalling pathway
jasmonic acid and ethene-dependent systemic resistance, ethene mediated signaling pathway
histone H4K20me methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-methyl-L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the monomethlyated lysine residue at position 20 of histone H4, producing H4K20me2.
histone H4 methyl lysine(20) N-methyltransferase activity (H4-K20 specific)
obsolete gametophytic self-incompatibility
OBSOLETE. A mechanism that functions to prevent self-fertilization in flowering plants that is determined by the diploid genotype of the parent plant. In sporophytic incompatibility the pollen does not germinate, consequently fertilization does not take place.
histone H3K4 dimethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me2.
histone lysine N-dimethyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific)
The series of molecular signals generated by the reception of ethylene (ethene, C2H4) by a receptor and ending with modulation of a cellular process, e.g. transcription.
histone H3K9me2 methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a single methyl group to the dimethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me3.
histone dimethyl-lysine(H3K9) N-methyltransferase activity (H3-K9 specific)
obsolete sporophytic self-incompatibility
histone H4K20 monomethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl20-[histone H4] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6-methyl-L-lysyl20-[histone H4] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 20 of histone H4, producing histone H4K20me.
histone lysine N-monomethyltransferase activity (H4-K20 specific)
The interaction between a pollen grain and pistil.
histone H3K4 monomethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6-methyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a single methyl group to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me.
histone lysine N-monomethyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific)
The process in which pollen deposited on the stigma adheres to cells of the stigma.
A histone deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from a histone H2A protein to which it is conjugated.
The formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules on plant roots.
histone H3K27 trimethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 27 of histone H3, producing histone H3K27me3.
histone H3K27 mono/di/trimethylase activity
histone lysine N-trimethyltransferase activity (H3-K27 specific)
histone H3K9 monomethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6-methyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me.
histone lysine N-monomethyltransferase activity (H3-K9 specific)
The establishment of an organism's body plan or a part of an organism such that it is symmetric around a central axis.
histone H3K9 trimethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me3.
histone H3K9 mono/di/trimethylase activity
histone lysine N-trimethyltransferase activity (H3-K9 specific)
The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo.
histone H3K36 dimethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 36 of histone H3, producing histone H3K36me2.
histone lysine N-dimethyltransferase activity (H3-K36 specific)
The function of absorbing and responding to incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. The response may involve a change in conformation.
histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 36 of histone H3, producing histone H3K36me3.
histone H3K36 mono/di/trimethylase activity
histone lysine N-trimethyltransferase activity (H3-K36 specific)
The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 400-470nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.
histone H3K27 dimethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 27 of histone H3, producing histone H3K27me2.
histone lysine N-dimethyltransferase activity (H3-K27 specific)
red or far-red light photoreceptor activity
The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 660-730nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.
red/far-red light photoreceptor activity
histone H3K27 monomethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6-methyl-L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a single methyl group to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 27 of histone H3, producing histone H3K27me.
histone lysine N-monomethyltransferase activity (H3-K27 specific)
Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
The process in which a miRNA is targeted for degradation by a non-coding RNA or mRNA. The binding of an RNA to a target miRNA within a RISC complex results in either ubiquitin-mediated degradation of AGO protein or the displacement of the 3' end of the miRNA, exposing it to nucleases.
transmembrane histidine kinase cytokinin receptor activity
Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.
obsolete base-pairing target-directed miRNA suppressor activity
OBSOLETE. An inhibitor activity that acts by base-pairing with a miRNA, exposing it to nuclease-mediated degradation.
The process, occurring after animal embryonic development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized.
post-embryonic morphogenesis of an anatomical structure
histone H3K79 trimethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl79-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl79-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of up to three methyl group to the lysine residue at position 79 of the histone H3 protein, producing H3K79me3.
histone-H3K79 trimethyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-trimethyltransferase activity (H3-K79 specific)
histone trimethylase activity (H3-K79 specific)
histone trimethyltransferase activity (H3-K79 specific)
Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
multicellular organismal-level chemical homeostasis
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell.
multicellular organism level chemical homeostasis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.
multicellular organismal-level auxin homeostasis
A chemical homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of auxin within extracellular body fluids, such as the xylem or phloem of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell.
multicellular organismal auxin homeostasis
negative regulation of biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.
positive regulation of biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.
Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a metal ion.
negative regulation of metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
inhibition of organismal metabolic process
negative regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process
negative regulation of organismal metabolism
piRNA-directed heterochromatin formation
The formation of heterochromatin into a heterochromatin domain, enriched in histone H3 methylated on lysine 9 (H3K9me), by a process mediated by a small interfering piRNA.
piwiRNA-directed heterochromatin formation
positive regulation of metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
positive regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process
positive regulation of organismal metabolism
stimulation of organismal metabolic process
up-regulation of organismal metabolic process
The directed movement of mangnanese ions from outside of a cell into a cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of auxin within a cell.
negative regulation of catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.
A process leading to the generation of a functional secondary piRNA, involving a self-perpetuating piRNA loop, often called the ping-pong cycle, in which piRNAs are amplified by pairing with complementary transcripts (for example the transposable element mRNA target). In Drosophila, the processing involves the piwi proteins aubergine and Argonaute 3 and in mice, the piwi proteins Piwil2 and Piwil4.
secondary PIWI-associated RNA processing
positive regulation of catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the AIM2 inflammasome complex.
The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.
regulation of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly.
The leaflet the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.
polyspecific organic cation:proton antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of various organic cations in exchange for a proton, according to the reaction: H+(out) + organic cation(in) = H+(in) + organic cation(out). The transported substrates are usually toxic molecules, drugs and xenobiotics.
proton:polyspecific organic cation antiporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-kaur-16-ene + diphosphate.
ent-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, ent-kaurene-forming)
ent-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing)
determination of lung left/right asymmetry
Determination of the asymmetric location of the lungs with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.
The opening of an anther, fruit or other structure, which permits the escape of reproductive bodies contained within it.
Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a sulfide. These may include chemical modification or transport of sulfide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.
The dehiscence of an anther to release the pollen grains contained within it.
disruption of cellular component of another organism
The disruption of a cellular component of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of that structure. In some cases this can cause malfunctioning of the cells and death of the target organism.
The process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells migrate toward illuminated sites to optimize photosynthesis and move away from excessively illuminated areas to protect the photosynthetic machinery.
negative regulation of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly.
The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells avoid strong light and move away from it in order to preserve the photosynthetic machinery.
positive regulation of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly.
The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells move toward a brighter area in a cell to optimize photosynthesis.
mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit binding
Binding to a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit.
mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit binding
ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = ent-copalyl diphosphate.
ent-copalyl-diphosphate lyase (decyclizing)
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nucleotides within a cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a blue light photoperiod stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.
defense response against disruption of plasma membrane integrity
The cellular processes and signaling pathways by which a cell responds to disruption of the integrity of its plasma membrane by another organism. Some toxins produced by other organisms can form pores in membranes, or affect the membrane permeability.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light photoperiod stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm.
Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of acetone. These may include chemical modification, for example to methylglyoxal.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the flower over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The flower is the reproductive structure in a plant, and its development begins with the transition of the vegetative or inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem.
Any process that reduce or remove the toxicity of aluminum ions. These can include transport of the aluminum away from sensitive areas, sequesteration, or chemical modification to an inert form.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.
Catalysis of the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Mn2+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Mn2+(in).
negative regulation of flower development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nucleosides within a cell.
positive regulation of flower development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.
medium-chain fatty acid omega-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an omega-methyl-medium-chain fatty acid + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = an omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.
The process in which the cellular identity of auditory hair cells is acquired and determined.
G protein-coupled chemorepellent receptor signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. cytoskeleton reorganization.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis.
ATP:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of ATP from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = ATP(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).
inorganic phosphate:ATP antiporter activity
The directed movement of hormones into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
histone H4K12 methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H4 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 12). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 12 of the histone H4 protein.
histone-H4K12 methyltransferase activity
histone H4 lysine 12-specific methyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-methyltransferase activity (H4-K12 specific)
histone methylase activity (H4-K12 specific)
histone methyltransferase activity (H4-K12 specific)
The process of loading sucrose into the sieve tube or companion cell of the phloem for long distance transport from source to sink.
G protein-coupled chemorepellent receptor activity
Combining with a chemorepellent and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
G protein chemorepellent receptor activity
G-protein chemorepellent receptor activity
G-protein coupled chemorepellent receptor activity
Catalysis of the oxidation of ubiquinol by diverting electrons from the standard electron transfer chain, transferring them from ubiquinol to oxygen and generating water as the product.
The process involved in converting precursor piRNAs into non-overlapping, contiguous primary piRNAs (approximately 24-30-nt piRNAs with a preference for a 5' uridine (U) via the endonucleolytic activity of cytosolic PIWI. This may include pre-piRNA maturation of 3' ends by trimming and 2'-O-methylation.
Catalysis of the removal of a C-5 double bond in the B ring of a sterol.
piRNA-mediated gene silencing by mRNA destabilization
A cytoplasmic post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway in which piRNAs direct the cleavage of target mRNAs. The target mRNA, often transcribed from a transposable element, is destabilized by the activity of a PIWI class endonuclease within the piRNA-induced silencing complex. This may also be accompanied by mRNA deadenylation and decapping.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-dehydroepisterol = 24-methylenecholesterol.
ADP:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of ADP from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ADP(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = ADP(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).
inorganic phosphate:ADP antiporter activity
obsolete cytokinesis (sensu Viridiplantae)
OBSOLETE. The division of a cell into two daughter cells with cell walls.
Catalysis of the reaction: 7-deoxyloganate + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + loganate + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].
cell plate formation involved in plant-type cell wall biogenesis
The cell cycle process in which the cell plate is formed at the equator of the spindle in the dividing cells during early telophase. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
cell plate formation involved in cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall biogenesis
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat modifying activity
A catalytic activity that acts on the RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS). Reversible modifications cof the RNA polymerase II CTD repeats contribute to regulation of RNA polymerase activity.
RNA polymerase II CTD repeat modifying activity
RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat modifying activity
The protein complex associated with the plasma membrane of certain plant cells (e.g. root cortex, epidermal cells) that functions to transport auxin out of the cell.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H2A.
Catalysis of the reaction: fatty acid (C-16 or longer) + 2-C = fatty acid (C-16 or longer + 2-C).
A tetrameric complex of four different subunits which catalyzes the elongation of a fatty acid chain 2 carbon units at a time in the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids.
A catalytic activity that acts on a histone protein. Reversible histone modifications contribute to regulation of gene expression.
Catalysis of the reaction: octadecanal = heptadecane + CO.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H2B.
The region of the plasma membrane located at the basal end of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.
histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me3.
histone lysine N-trimethyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific)
The unidirectional movement of auxin in the stem from tip to base along the vector of gravity or basipetally.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H3.
histidine phosphotransfer kinase activity
Serves as a phospho-His intermediate enabling the transfer of phospho group between a hybrid kinase and a response regulator.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H4.
histone H4K16 propionyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + propionyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + histone H3 N6-propionyl-L-lysyl (position 16).
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone variant H2AX.
The side of the cell parallel to the zygotic axis.
Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 4 at the lysine-91 residue.
histone H4-K91 ubiquitin ligase activity
histone ubiquitin ligase activity (H4-K91 specific)
calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Calcium-dependent catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; and ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
Growth that occurs specifically at the tip of a cell.
piRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by heterochromatin formation
A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which a piRNA triggers heterochromatin assembly. Heterochromatin is a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.
Organization of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.
siRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by heterochromatin formation
A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which a siRNA triggers heterochromatin assembly. Heterochromatin is a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.
regulation of meristem structural organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meristem organization.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of nutrients into a cell or organelle.
retrotransposon silencing by heterochromatin formation
A retrotransposon silencing mechanism involving heterochromatin assembly. Heterochromatin is a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.
OBSOLETE. A group of proteins located within the cell walls of plants, both dicots and grasses, that play an essential role in loosening cell walls during cell growth. They are hydrophobic, non glycosylated proteins of about 30kDa.
retrotransposon silencing by RNA-directed DNA methylation
A retrotransposon silencing mechanism mediated by RNA-directed DNA methylation. RNA-directed DNA methylation is a gene silencing process in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) guide DNA methylation to the siRNA-generating genomic loci and other loci that are homologous to the siRNAs for de novo DNA methylation. This results in a heterochromatin assembly, a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.
regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling.
regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signalling
siRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by mRNA destabilization
A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which mRNAs transcribed from transposons are targeted for degradation by a siRNA.
negative regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling activity.
downregulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
down regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
down-regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
inhibition of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
negative regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signalling
retrotransposon silencing by mRNA destabilization
A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which mRNAs transcribed from transposons are targeted for degradation.
positive regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling activity.
activation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
positive regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signalling
stimulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
upregulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
up regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
up-regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
piRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by mRNA destabilization
A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which mRNAs transcribed from transposons are targeted for degradation by a piRNA.
amino-terminal vacuolar sorting propeptide binding
Binding to an amino terminal propeptide, which functions as a sorting signal to sort away the soluble vacuolar protein from Golgi to lytic vacuole via clathrin-coated vesicles.
A cellular process that results in the silencing of ribosomes in quiescent cells. Quiescence takes place when cells encounter unfavorable conditions and cease to grow in bacteria and yeast. It also takes place in some specialized cells in higher eukaryotes, such as eggs. Ribosomes in a hibernation state are kept silent via association with proteins with inhibitory and protective functions.
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chloroplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the longitudinal axis. In plants, this is the axis that runs from the shoot to the root.
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the adaxial / abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.
The directed import of purine nucleotide from the cytosol, across the lysosomal membrane, into the lysosome.
polarity specification of adaxial/abaxial axis
The process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the adaxial/abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis that initiates at a point and radiates outward from the point.
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the centrolateral axis. In plants, this axis is duplicated and runs from the midrib to the margin of the leaf.
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis
Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the anterior/posterior axis.
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.
polarity specification of dorsal/ventral axis
Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the dorsal/ventral axis.
polarity specification of dorsal-ventral axis
polarity specification of dorsoventral axis
anterior/posterior pattern specification
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).
The regionalization process in which differences in cell differentiation along the adaxial/abaxial are generated. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.
The regionalization process that results in defined areas around a point in which specific types of cell differentiation will occur.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The orientation of plant parts towards gravity.
The orientation of plant parts away from gravity.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endosperm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endosperm is formed during fertilization and provides nutrients to the developing embryo.
response to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulus.
regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.
positive regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.
activation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
positive regulation of flavonoid anabolism
positive regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis
positive regulation of flavonoid formation
positive regulation of flavonoid synthesis
stimulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
upregulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
up regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
up-regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.
downregulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
down regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
down-regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
inhibition of flavonoid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of flavonoid anabolism
negative regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis
negative regulation of flavonoid formation
negative regulation of flavonoid synthesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the leaf are generated and organized.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
positive regulation of signal transduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
positive regulation of signaling pathway
positive regulation of signalling pathway
negative regulation of signal transduction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
negative regulation of signaling pathway
negative regulation of signalling pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfate.
cellular response to sulphate starvation
anastral spindle assembly involved in male meiosis
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the anastral spindle in male meiotic cells.
The removal of amino group in the presence of water.
Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + sulfite + acceptor = adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor.
adenosine phosphosulfate reductase activity
AMP, sulfite:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming)
AMP, sulfite:acceptor oxidoreductase (adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming)
zeinoxanthin epsilon hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: zeinoxanthin + NADPH + O2 + H+ = lutein + NADP+ + H2O. Adds a hydroxyl group to the epsilon ring of the alpha-carotene.
Catalysis of the reaction: alkene group + alcohol group on same molecule = cyclic ether. Substrates are 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4- hydroquinone (forms delta-tocopherol) and 2,3-dimethyl-5-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone (forms gamma-tocopherol).
proton motive force dependent protein transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the transfer of proteins from one side of a membrane to the other. Transportation is dependent on pH gradient across the membrane.
arginine targeting transmembrane transporter activity
delta-pH-dependent protein transporter activity
pH-dependent protein transporter activity
twin-arginine targeting transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 13(S)-hydroperoxylinolenate = 12,13(S)-epoxylinolenate + H2O.
(9Z,11E,14Z)-(13S)-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11,14-trienoate 12,13-hydro-lyase [(9Z)-(13S)-12,13-epoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate-forming]
(9Z,11E,14Z)-(13S)-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11,14-trienoate 12,13-hydro-lyase activity
16:0 monogalactosyldiacylglycerol desaturase activity
Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-3 double bond into an unsaturated 16-carbon fatty acid in a monogalactosyldiacylglycerol molecule.
obsolete glutamate carboxypeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of C-terminal glutamate residues from a wide range of N-acylating groups, including peptidyl, aminoacyl, benzoyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, folyl and pteroyl groups.
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA uridine = RNA pseudouridine. Conversion of uridine in an RNA molecule to pseudouridine by rotation of the C1'-N-1 glycosidic bond of uridine in RNA to a C1'-C5.
obsolete tyrosine aminopeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of N-terminal tyrosine from a peptide.
obsolete adenylate forming enzyme activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: substrate + ATP = substrate-AMP + diphosphate.
obsolete dihydroflavonol(thiole) lyase activity
The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
Cell recognition between cells. May involve the formation of specialized cell junctions.
Cell recognition that involves the interaction of the cell with the extracellular matrix.
Cell recognition involving the deposition of specific pathways in the extracellular matrix that guide migrating cells.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of water within a cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete.
The recognition of soluble molecules in the environment.
negative regulation of cell fate specification
Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a specific cell fate.
downregulation of cell fate specification
down regulation of cell fate specification
down-regulation of cell fate specification
negative regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification
Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
downregulation of cardioblast cell fate specification
down regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification
down-regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification
inhibition of cardioblast cell fate specification
negative regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification
Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a retinal cone cell.
downregulation of retinal cone cell fate specification
down regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification
down-regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification
inhibition of retinal cone cell fate specification
negative regulation of retina cone cell fate specification
negative regulation of auditory receptor cell fate specification
Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an auditory hair cell.
downregulation of auditory receptor cell fate specification
down regulation of auditory receptor cell fate specification
down-regulation of auditory receptor cell fate specification
inhibition of auditory receptor cell fate specification
negative regulation of auditory hair cell fate specification
suppression of auditory receptor cell fate
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
gastrulation involving germ band extension
A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements, including germ band extension, that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
cortical microtubule, transverse to long axis
Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane, in the cortical cytosol, oriented mainly with their axes transverse to the long axis of the cell (and root in plants). In plants it influences the direction of cellulose microfibril deposition.
Protein translocon complex at the chloroplast outer membrane.
A heterotrimeric enzyme complex composed of three subunits, all of which are required for enzyme activity, which catalyzes the chelation of Mg by proto IX in an ATP-dependent manner.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome.
The side (leaflet) of the endosome membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
Binding to auxin, a plant hormone that regulates aspects of plant growth.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-alpha-campestanaol + O2 = 6-deoxocathasterone + H2O.
Binding to N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, an auxin transport inhibitor.
Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.
The process in which the anatomical structures of roots are generated and organized. The root is the usually underground part of a seed plant body that originates from the hypocotyl, functions as an organ of absorption, aeration, and food storage or as a means of anchorage and support.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the shoot are generated and organized. The shoot is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground.
The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
red or far-red light signal transduction
The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of far red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
The process in which a molecular signal is transduced between the chloroplast and nucleus, such that expression of nuclear encoding photosynthetic proteins is coupled with chloroplast biogenesis.
The division of a chloroplast within a cell to form two or more separate chloroplast compartments. This division occurs independently of mitosis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amylopectin, the (1->4) linked alpha glucose units with alpha-(1->6) linkages.
The process in which a meristem becomes determinate (i.e. ceases to produce lateral organs and may or may not terminally differentiate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proanthocyanidin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochromobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase(HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wax, which includes C16 and C18 fatty acids.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a trichome cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the thylakoid membrane.
thylakoid membrane organization and biogenesis
A cyclic series of interconversions involving three xanthophylls, violoxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. The xanthophyll cycle is involved in regulating energy dissipation in light harvesting complex II.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.
Any process that activates or increase the rate of seed germination.
The organismal movement by which the tip of a plant organ follows a spiral pattern as a consequence of growth.
Compaction of chromatin structure prior to meiosis in eukaryotic cells.
chromosome condensation involved in meiotic cell cycle
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.
process resulting in tolerance to organic substance
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a boron-containing substance stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(III) ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel cation stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycotoxin stimulus. A mycotoxin is a toxic chemical substance produced by fungi.
The process leading to the spontaneous opening of the fruit permitting the escape of seeds.
The process of thermal induction in plants in which flowering is promoted by exposure to low temperatures.
acquisition of plant reproductive competence
The process in which a plant acquires the ability to respond to a floral inductive signal.
Any process involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.
The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the conducting tissues. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
The process in which a guard mother cell acquires the specialized features of a guard cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell in the root epidermis acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast or atrichoblast.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will give rise to a root hair.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an atrichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will not give rise to a root hair.
The process involved in the specification of an atrichoblast.
The process involved in the specification of a trichoblast.
regulation of atrichoblast fate specification
Any process that modulates atrichoblast fate specification.
positive regulation of atrichoblast fate specification
Any process that induces or promotes atrichoblast fate specification.
negative regulation of atrichoblast fate specification
Any process that suppresses atrichoblast fate specification.
regulation of trichoblast fate specification
Any process that modulates trichoblast fate specification.
negative regulation of trichoblast fate specification
Any process that suppresses trichoblast fate specification.
positive regulation of trichoblast fate specification
Any process that induces or promotes trichoblast fate specification.
The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic shoot are generated and organized.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary meristem over time, from formation to the mature structure, as it occurs during plant embryogenesis. The primary meristem tissue is the protoderm, ground meristem and procambium.
The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the ground tissues.
The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the primary vascular tissue.
The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the epidermis.
zygote asymmetric cytokinesis in embryo sac
The division of the zygote in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the embryo sac to produce a larger basal cell near the micropyle and a small terminal cell close to what was the central cell and is now the developing endosperm. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
The division of the zygote into two daughter cells that will adopt developmentally distinct potentials.
The specification of a meristem which will give rise to a primary or lateral root.
primary shoot apical meristem specification
The specification of the meristem which will give rise to all post-embryonic above-ground structures of the plant as well as the non-root below-ground structures, such as rhizomes and tubers.
embryo shoot apical meristem specification
Any process involved in maintaining the identity, size and shape of a meristem.
The process in which an organism retains a population of meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a meristem.
The process in which an organism retains a population of floral meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
maintenance of inflorescence meristem identity
The process in which an organism retains a population of inflorescence meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
The process in which an organism retains a population of root meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
maintenance of vegetative meristem identity
The process in which an organism retains a population of vegetative meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a floral meristem.
regulation of inflorescence meristem growth
Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of an inflorescence meristem.
regulation of inflorescence meristem size
Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a root meristem.
regulation of vegetative meristem growth
Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a vegetative meristem.
specification of animal organ axis polarity
The process in which the polarity of an animal organ axis is specified.
polarity specification of proximal/distal axis
Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the proximal/distal axis.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic root are generated and organized.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phloem and/or xylem over time, from formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
The formation of the principal food-conducting tissue of a vascular plant.
The formation of the principal water-conducting tissue of a vascular plant.
The process in which the structures of a hair cell (trichome) cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized epidermal cell is acquiring the specialized features of a hair cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
trichome cell morphogenesis during differentiation
Any process involved in the formation of branches in plant hair cells. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
The regionalization process in which the identity of an animal organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
The process in which the identity of a floral organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires the carpel identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires petal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires sepal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires stamen or staminode identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the suspensor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The suspensor is the extension at the base of the embryo that anchors the embryo in the embryo sac and pushes it into the endosperm.
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of photomorphogenesis.
negative regulation of photomorphogenesis
Any process that stops, reduces or prevents photomorphogenesis.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic root are generated and organized. The post-embryonic root is the root formed after the embryonic phase has been completed.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a lateral root are generated and organized. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the stomatal complex are generated and organized. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.
regulation of ethylene-activated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ethylene (ethene) signal transduction.
regulation of ethene mediated signaling pathway
regulation of ethene mediated signalling pathway
regulation of ethylene mediated signaling pathway
regulation of ethylene mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of ethylene-activated signaling pathway
Any process that stops or prevents ethylene (ethene) signal transduction.
downregulation of ethylene mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of ethylene mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of ethylene mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of ethylene mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of ethene mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of ethene mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of ethylene mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of ethylene mediated signalling pathway
cellular response to iron ion starvation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of iron ions.
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which a glutamine stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis.
regulation of photosynthesis, dark reaction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis dark reaction.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the glyoxysome. A glyoxysome is a microbody that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway.
regulation of systemic acquired resistance
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.
negative regulation of systemic acquired resistance
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.
downregulation of systemic acquired resistance
down regulation of systemic acquired resistance
down-regulation of systemic acquired resistance
inhibition of systemic acquired resistance
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid.
regulation of abscisic acid biosynthesis
positive regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid.
activation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
positive regulation of abscisic acid anabolism
positive regulation of abscisic acid biosynthesis
positive regulation of abscisic acid formation
positive regulation of abscisic acid synthesis
stimulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
upregulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
up regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
up-regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
Protection mechanism used by plants under conditions of excess energy absorption as a consequence of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
The process of opening or closing of stomata, which is directly related to the stomatal conductance (measuring rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide (CO2) through stomata).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal movement.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of camalexin, an indole phytoalexin.
arginine catabolic process to proline via ornithine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including proline, via ornithine.
arginine breakdown to proline via ornithine
arginine degradation to proline via ornithine
arginine catabolic process to alanine via ornithine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including alanine, via ornithine.
arginine breakdown to alanine via ornithine
arginine degradation to alanine via ornithine
obsolete acetate catabolic process to butyrate, ethanol, acetone and butanol
OBSOLETE. The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate to form butyrate, ethanol, acetone and butanol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylacetate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycothiol, which consists of N-acetyl-L-cysteine linked to a pseudodisaccharide, D-glucosamine and myo-inositol. Mycothiol is produced in actinomycetes like mycobacteria and serves similar functions to glutathione.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mycothiol, which consists of N-acetyl-L-cysteine linked to a pseudodisaccharide, D-glucosamine and myo-inositol. Mycothiol is produced in actinomycetes like mycobacteria and serves similar functions to glutathione.
The chemical reactions using mycothiol to convert an alkylating agent to an S-conjugate of mycothiol. The latter is cleaved to release mercapturic acid which is excreted from the cell.
mycothiol-dependent detoxification of alkylating agent
benzoate catabolic process via CoA ligation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its ligation to Coenzyme A to form benzoyl-CoA, which is then broken by an aerobic or anaerobic pathway.
anaerobic cyclohexane-1-carboxylate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, a alicyclic acid, in the absence of oxygen.
anaerobic cyclohexane-1-carboxylate breakdown
anaerobic cyclohexane-1-carboxylate catabolism
anaerobic cyclohexane-1-carboxylate degradation
anaerobic ethylbenzene catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylbenzene, a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring, which occurs in the absence of oxygen.
obsolete sucrose catabolic process, using invertase or sucrose synthase
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose by the enzymatic action of either invertase or sucrose synthase.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dhurrin, a cyanogenic glucoside which functions as a plant defense compound.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including glutamate.
sulfate assimilation via adenylyl sulfate reduction
The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is activated, reduced and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the activated sulfate, adenylyl-sulfate, is reduced to sulfite by the activity of adenylyl-sulfate reductase.
sulphate assimilation via adenylyl sulphate reduction
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ureide, allantoin and allantoate, which are the organic forms of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ureide, which is the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants with the release of ammonium.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ureide, the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants, from IMP, which is synthesized de novo during nitrogen fixation by roots.
The pathway by which pyrimidine bases or pyrimidine ribonucleosides from pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown are converted back to pyrimidine ribonucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis.
The pathway by which pyrimidine bases or pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides from pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown are converted back to pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de novo pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis.
obsolete adenine, hypoxanthine and their nucleoside salvage
OBSOLETE. The pathway by which adenine, hypoxanthine and their nucleosides from purine nucleotides breakdown are converted back to purine nucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de-novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis.
obsolete guanine, xanthine and their nucleoside salvage
OBSOLETE. The pathway by which guanine, xanthine and their nucleoside from purine nucleotides breakdown are converted back to purine nucleotides. The pathway is important in cells where there is no de-novo purine nucleotides biosynthesis.
farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway
The pathway that converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates. Farnesyl diphosphate is an important substrate for other essential pathways, such as biosynthesis of sterols.
farnesyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate pathway
farnesyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway
farnesyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cutin, a waxy substance, which combined with cellulose forms a substance nearly impervious to water and constituting the cuticle in plants.
pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process from pyridoxamine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from pyridoxamine.
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage from pyridoxamine
pyridoxal phosphate anabolism from pyridoxamine
pyridoxal phosphate formation from pyridoxamine
pyridoxal phosphate synthesis from pyridoxamine
vitamin B6 biosynthesis from pyridoxamine
vitamin B6 biosynthetic process from pyridoxamine
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructan a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.
Release of water by the plant into the air as water vapor mainly through leaves.
OBSOLETE. A preprogrammed process associated with the dismantling of an anatomical structure and an overall decline in metabolism. This may include the breakdown of organelles, membranes and other cellular components. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana, when older leaves or floral organs are shed.
The last stage of leaf development during which programmed degradation of macromolecules and nutrient recycling take place.
Expansion of the chloroplast that usually precedes division.
The final stages of microgametogenesis after the trinucleate stage has been reached resulting in viable pollen grains.
OBSOLETE. Cell expansion that results in an increase in cell size along the axis of an organ in a polarized fashion.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton transport into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
OBSOLETE. Formation and development of sporocyte, the haploid spores of angiosperms which are initiated by the differentiation of a subset of floral cells into sporocytes, which then undergo meiotic divisions to form microspores and megaspores.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an abaxial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which animal organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new animal organ.
The regionalization process that specifies animal organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues.
The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
A dormancy process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken in a seed. Seed dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth in a seed, including the embryo contained therein, that can be reactivated. It often requires special conditions for reactivation, such as specific temperature, scarification, or leaching of inhibitors.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cesium stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving wax, a compound containing C16 and C18 fatty acids.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.
A novel compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.
A large (200-800 kDa) multiprotein complex formed by 70-kDa and 5-kDa myrosinases, myrosinase- binding proteins (MBPs), MBP-related proteins and myrosinase-associated proteins. The complex has been identified in Brassica napus seeds.
glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase complex
Complex that catalyzes the synthesis of ADP-glucose and pyrophosphate from glucose-1-phosphate and ATP. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed of two types of subunits (small and large). In bacteria, the enzyme complex is composed of four identical subunits.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the soma are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic soma are generated and organized.
nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity, against a concentration gradient
Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, from one side of a membrane to the other, up a concentration gradient.
concentrative nucleoside transporter activity
homogentisate phytyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + phytyl diphosphate + H+ = 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone is also known as 2-methyl-6-phytylplastoquinol.
2-(2'-methylthio)ethylmalate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = 2-(2'-methylthio)ethylmalic-acid + coenzyme A + H+.
IAA-amino acid conjugate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the cleavage of the amide bond between IAA (auxin) and the conjugated amino acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-alanine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + L-alanine.
Binding to flavin mono nucleotide. Flavin mono nucleotide (FMN) is the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
The process in which a change in the level of a mono- or disaccharide such as glucose, fructose or sucrose triggers the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.
The process in which the growth of pollen tube is directed towards the female gametophyte.
The directed movement of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response.
positive regulation of cellular defense response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response.
positive regulation of cellular defence response
stimulation of cellular defense response
upregulation of cellular defense response
up regulation of cellular defense response
up-regulation of cellular defense response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a microbial phytotoxin stimulus. A microbial phytotoxin is a chemical substance produced by microbes which is toxic to plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.
Formation of cytochrome b6f complex, a complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage, a gelatinous substance secreted by plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage, a gelatinous substance secreted by plants.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving microRNA, a large family of 21-22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs with presumed post-transcriptional regulatory activity.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of microRNA, a large family of 21-22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs with presumed post-transcriptional regulatory activity.
The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is emitted as heat. This process helps maintain the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage.
The merging of the polar nuclei, the two nuclei contained within the same cell that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction. Polar nuclear fusion takes place in the ovule, forming in the fusion nucleus and giving rise to the endosperm when fertilized.
Synergid cells undergo degeneration and death in response to penetration by the pollen tube. It is an active process that involves a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles.
organ boundary specification between lateral organs and the meristem
The process in which boundaries between lateral organs and the meristem is established and maintained.
A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.
response to continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. The activity of the high-irradiance response system is characterized by stronger effects of continuous than pulsed light at equal total fluence.
response to low fluence red light stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low fluence red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Low fluence red light is defined in this case as short pulses of red light followed by darkness, providing a light level of 0.001-0.1 mmol/m2/sec.
response to very low fluence red light stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low fluence red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Very low fluence red light is defined in this case as short pulses of red light followed by darkness, providing light levels of less than 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.
The mechanism by which high light intensity inhibits photosynthesis through inactivation of the D1 protein of photosystem II.
Proteolysis of the damaged D1 protein and re-assembly of a new D1 subunit in the photosystem II following photoinhibition.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem II complex on the thylakoid membrane. The photosystem II complex consists of at least 20 polypeptides and around 80 cofactors in most organisms.
The formation of reticulate pollen wall pattern consisting of two layers, exine and intine.
Binding to a vacuolar sorting signal, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the vacuole.
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-phenylalanine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + phenylalanine.
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-leucine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + L-leucine.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.
A DNA repair process that is involved in repairing UV-induced DNA damage under non-photoreactivating conditions. The mechanism by which this repair process operates has not yet been completely elucidated.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seed coat over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose microfibril, any of the cellulose structures laid down in orthogonal layers in a plant cell wall.
obsolete negative regulation of gene expression via chromosomal DNA cytosine methylation
OBSOLETE. An epigenetic gene regulation mechanism that negatively regulates gene expression by methylation of cytosine residues in chromosomal DNA.
obsolete intracellular aluminum ion homeostasis
OBSOLETE. A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of aluminium ions within a cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.
positive regulation of vernalization response
Any process that activates or induces the rate of the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.
negative regulation of vernalization response
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.
downregulation of vernalization response
down regulation of vernalization response
down-regulation of vernalization response
Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the stem of vascular plants.
The process that gives rise to secondary (or auxiliary or axillary) shoots in plants. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. These secondary shoots originate from secondary meristems initiated in the axils of leaf primordia. Axillary meristems function like the shoot apical meristem of the primary shoot initating the development of lateral organs.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.
response to medium wave ultraviolet light stimulus
response to medium wave ultraviolet radiation stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.
response to germicidal ultraviolet light stimulus
response to germicidal ultraviolet radiation stimulus
response to shortwave ultraviolet light stimulus
response to shortwave ultraviolet radiation stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.
The controlled shedding of floral organs.
vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem
The process involved in transforming a meristem that produces vegetative structures, such as leaves, into a meristem that produces reproductive structures, such as a flower or an inflorescence.
transition from vegetative to reproductive phase
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inflorescence over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Alternative respiration pathway consumes oxygen, oxidizes NADH to NAD+ and generates water. During electron flow, proton motive force is diminished resulting in fewer molecules of ATP compared to cytochrome pathway. The pathway is found in plants, algae and some protozoa.
Any process that maintains a seed in a dormant state.
The directed movement of substances, into, out of or within a cell, either in a vascular tissue or in the vascular membrane.
The directed movement of substances, into, out of or within the phloem during long distance transport between source and sink tissues.
anther wall tapetum cell fate specification
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a tapetal cell of anthers in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The stereotyped symmetric cell division by which guard mother cell give rise to stomatal guard cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of plastoquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme present in the chloroplast.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.
Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the chloroplast genome into mature mRNAs.
Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). This complex is found in plant plastids and is distinct from the one found in mitochondria.
The three successive oxidations of the 4-methyl group of ent-kaurene to form ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate, kaurenoic acid. This process may be carried out entirely by the enzyme ent-kaurene oxidase.
ent-kaurene oxidation to ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate
ent-kaurene oxidation to kaurenoic acid by ent-kaurene oxidase
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O = O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-. The evolution of oxygen from oxidizing water is carried out by the oxygen evolving complex in photosystem II of plants. P680+, the photochemically oxidized reaction-center chlorophyll of PSII, is a strong biological oxidant. The reduction potential of P680+ is more positive than that of water, and thus it can oxidize water to give O2 and H+ ions. The oxygen escapes as a gas while the H+ ions remain in solution inside the thylakoid vesicle.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
response to low fluence blue light stimulus by blue low-fluence system
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a low fluence blue light stimulus by the blue low-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue low-fluence system responds to blue light at or below 0.1 micromols/m2. In certain species excitation of the blue low fluence system induces the transcription of a number of nuclear and plastid coded genes.
response to low fluence blue light by blf system
Formation of radial microtubular systems during male meiotic cytokinesis in plants.
rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I component of pectin, a rhamnose-rich pectic polysaccharide.
The series of events in which a phosphate ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient
The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxin conjugates, a bound form of auxin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-methyl-methionine (SMM) from methionine and S-adenosyl-methionine (Ado-Met), catalyzed by methionine S-methyltransferase (MMT). SMM can be reconverted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle.
OBSOLETE. A homeostatic process that maintains an endogenous steady-state concentration of primary auxin, or constant level of auxin in a biological system, by a number of biochemical processes including transport, biosynthesis, catabolism and conjugation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-L-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral nectaries over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which a change in the level of mono- and disaccharide glucose trigger the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NADH dehydrogenase complex.
NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone) assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form NADH:plastoquinone dehydrogenase complex, which is involved in the non-photochemical reduction of plastoquinones, as well as the cyclic electron transport around photosystem I.
An aging process that has as participant a whole multicellular organism. Multicellular organism aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Multicellular organisms aging includes processes like cellular senescence and organ senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death (GO:0016265) of an organism and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).
OBSOLETE. The process that occurs in an animal organ near the end of its active life that is associated with the dismantling of cell components and membranes, and an overall decline in metabolism.
Initiation of a somatic embryo-an embryo arising from previously differentiated somatic cells, rather than from fused haploid gametes.
tricyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with 6 isoprene units and 3 carbon rings.
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, a regulator of intracellular signaling, a highly abundant animal anti-nutrient and a phosphate and mineral storage compound in plant seeds.
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the SKP1-Cullin/Cdc53-F-box protein ubiquitin ligase (SCF) complex.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B1 stimulus.
A process leading to the generation of a functional trans-acting small interfering RNA (ta-siRNA). ta-siRNAs function like miRNAs to guide cleavage of target mRNAs.
production of small RNA involved in gene silencing by RNA
production of ta-siRNAs involved in RNA interference
RNA interference, production of ta-siRNAs
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of brassinosteroids within an organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion.
photosystem II oxygen evolving complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II on a thylakoid membrane. The OEC protects the calcium-4 manganese-5 oxide cluster which is bound to the D1 and CP43 proteins. The exact protein composition of the OEC varies between cyanobacteria and plants, and in plants consists of three extrinsic nuclear-encoded polypeptides: PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ.
regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorophyll.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver ion stimulus.
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of copper ion. These include transport of copper away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of copper ion.
Growth or movement in a sessile organism toward or away from water, as of the roots of a plant.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex, which is involved in electron transport from an unidentified electron donor, possibly NAD(P)H or ferredoxin(Fd) to the plastoquinone pool.
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone) assembly
Catalysis of the reaction: phytol + CTP = phytyl monophosphate + CDP + H+.
chlorophyllide a oxygenase [overall] activity
Catalysis of the reactions: chlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + H2O + NADP+; and 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ = chlorophyllide b + 2 H2O + NADP+.
chlorophyllide a:oxygen 7-oxidoreduction activity
The protein transport machinery of the chloroplast outer membrane that contains at least three components Toc159, Toc75 and Toc34, interacts with precursor proteins which are imported into the chloroplast in a GTP dependant manner.
indole-3-acetic acid amido synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetic acid + an amino acid = an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate.
IAA amino acid conjugate synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + NADPH + H+ = UDP-L-rhamnose + NADP+ + H2O.
UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose 3,5-epimerase-4-reductase activity
A lytic vacuole that is maintained at acidic pH and has different tonoplast composition compared to the central vacuole. Found during leaf senescence and develops in the peripheral cytoplasm of cells that contain chloroplast.
Catalysis of the reaction: pinoresinol + NADPH + H+ = lariciresinol + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: lariciresinol + NADPH + H+ = secoisolariciresinol + NADP+.
L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + L-glutamate + H2O + H+.
LL-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
LL-diaminopimelate aminotransferase activity
LL-diaminopimelate transaminase activity
Any process that increases heat tolerance of an organism in response to high temperatures.
A lipoprotein particle present in chloroplasts. They are rich in non-polar lipids (triglycerides, esters) as well as in prenylquinones, plastoquinone and tocopherols. Plastoglobules are often associated with thylakoid membranes, suggesting an exchange of lipids with thylakoids.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectidic homogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of (1->4)-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.
chlorophyll catabolite transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of chlorophyll catabolites such as non-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs), from one side of a membrane to the other.
Catalysis of the reaction: a carotene + a reduced electron acceptor + O2 = C3-hydroxylated carotene + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O. This is a general reaction to represent the C3 hydroxylation of the beta ring of a carotene.
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP(out) + GDP(in) = GTP(in) + GDP(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisic aldehyde + H2O + O2 = abscisate + H2O2 + H+.
abscisic-aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
abscisic acid glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisate + UDP-D-glucose = abscisic acid glucose ester + UDP.
(+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (+)-8'-hydroxyabscisate + H2O + NADP+.
ABA 8'-Hydroxylase activity, Abscisate 8'-hydroxylase activity
abscisate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (8'-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester + H2O = protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine + methanol + H+.
Binding to a heteropolysaccharide, a glycan composed of more than one type of monosaccharide residue.
dihydrocamalexic acid decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrocamalexic acid = camalexin + CO2 + H+.
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cobalt ion. These include transport of cobalt away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of cobalt ion.
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + xanthoxin = (+)-abscisic aldehyde + H+ + NADH.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1,6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in alpha- and beta-limit dextrins of amylopectin and glycogen, and in amylopectin and pullulan.
dextrin alpha-1,6-glucanohydrolase activity
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one or more components of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II.
Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the leaf of vascular plants.
rhamnogalacturonan II biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5 - 10KDa) pectic polysaccharide, conserved in the primary walls of dicotyledenous and monocotyledenous plants and gymnosperms.
acetylglutamate kinase regulator activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of acetylglutamate kinase.
acireductone dioxygenase (Ni2+-requiring) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylthio)propanoate + CO + formate.
1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one:oxygen oxidoreductase (formate- and CO-forming)
2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-thiomethylpent-1-ene dioxygenase activity
acireductone dioxygenase [iron(II)-requiring] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + formate + H+.
1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase activity
1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one:oxygen oxidoreductase (formate-forming)
2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-thiomethylpent-1-ene dioxygenase
acireductone dioxygenase (Fe2+-requiring) activity
regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.
regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolism
The process that gives rise to a lateral root. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A lateral root primordium represents an organized group of cells derived from the root pericycle that will differentiate into a new root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of zinc ion. These include transport of zinc away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of zinc ion.
phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate binding
Binding to phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 5' position.
The directed movement of auxins from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.
pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex
Heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate into D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex, alpha-subunit complex
Refers to the alpha subunit of the heterodimeric complex that possesses pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase activity.
pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex, beta-subunit complex
Refers to the beta subunit of the heterodimeric complex that possesses pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase activity.
Thin filamentous structure extending from the surface of all plastid types examined so far, including chloroplast, proplastid, etioplast, leucoplast, amyloplast, and chromoplast. In general, stromules are more abundant in tissues containing non-green plastids, and in cells containing smaller plastids. The primary function of stromules is still unresolved, although the presence of stromules markedly increases the plastid surface area, potentially increasing transport to and from the cytosol. Other functions of stromules, such as transfer of macromolecules between plastids and starch granule formation in cereal endosperm, may be restricted to particular tissues and cell types.
obsolete arginine/lysine endopeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide linkages in oligopeptides or polypeptides by a reaction mechanism in which arginine or lysine residues act as nucleophiles.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vegetative phase change. Vegetative phase change is the set of post-embryonic processes involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.
regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate produced via the methylerythritol (MEP) pathway (mevalonate-independent).
regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway
negative regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate produced via the methylerythritol (MEP) pathway (mevalonate-independent).
downregulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway
down regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway
down-regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway
inhibition of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway
negative regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway
raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs, such as raffinose, stachyose, verbascose and other molecules with a higher degree of galactosyl polymerization).
raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthesis
methionine-oxo-acid transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: methionine + a 2-oxo acid = 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoate + an amino acid.
acetyl CoA:(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol = CoA + (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate.
auxin influx transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of auxin, from one side of a membrane to the other, into a cell.
auxin efflux transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of auxin, from one side of a membrane to the other, out of a cell.
A large, multimeric protein complex, organized in a rosette, which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant cell wall.
Binding to a gibberellin, a plant hormone that regulates aspects of plant growth.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
Catalysis of the formation of cyclic terpenes through the cyclization of linear terpenes (e.g. isopentenyl-PP, geranyl-PP, farnesyl-PP and geranylgeranyl-PP) containing varying numbers of isoprene units.
Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = a sesquiterpene + diphosphate. Sesquiterpenes are terpenes containing three isoprene units, i.e. 15 carbons.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment.
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of gibberellic acid; may involve transport, biosynthesis, catabolism or conjugation.
regulation of salicylic acid metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving salicylic acid.
The process that gives rise to a leaf. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
The side of the cell wall that is opposite to the side that faces the cell and its contents.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carboxyl group of an acceptor molecule to form a methyl ester.
gibberellin carboxyl-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a gibberellin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a gibberellin methyl ester.
The separation of the multi-nucleate endosperm into individual cells. In many plant species, the endosperm that nurtures the embryo in the seed initially develops as a syncytium. This syncytial phase ends with simultaneous partitioning of the multi-nucleate cytoplasm into individual cells, a process referred to as cellularization.
singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death
Programmed cell death induced by singlet oxygen. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
programmed cell death in response to singlet oxygen
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a seed oilbody. Seed oilbodies are simple organelles comprising a matrix of triglyceride surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer embedded and covered with unique proteins called oleosins. Seed oilbodies supply the energy requirements for the growth of the seedling after germination.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of suberin monomers and suberin polyesters. Suberin monomers are derived from fatty acids and trans-cinnamic acids. The monomers are then cross-linked with glycerols.
The process that gives rise to a shoot axis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
L-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = L-galactose + phosphate.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Li+(in) + H+(out) = Li+(out) + H+(in).
Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+.
cellular response to magnesium starvation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of magnesium.
The directed movement of lithium ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
lithium ion export across the plasma membrane
The directed movement of lithium ion out of a cell or organelle.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus.
homogentisate prenyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a prenyl group from one compound (donor) to homogentisic acid.
homogentisate farnesyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + farnesyl diphosphate = 2-methyl-6-farnesylplastoquinol.
homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 2-methyl-6-geranylgeranylplastoquinol.
homogentisate solanesyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate + 3 H+ = 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone is also known as 2-methyl-6-solanesylplastoquinol and all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate as solanesyl diphosphate.
The developmental process that pertains to the organization of a leaf in three-dimensional space once the structure has initially formed.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.
negative regulation of anion channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.
regulation of anion channel activity by blue light
Any process in which blue light modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.
regulation by blue light of anion channel activity
negative regulation of anion channel activity by blue light
Any process in which blue light stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.
inhibition by blue light of anion channel activity
negative regulation by blue light of anion channel activity
regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
Any endogenous process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the plant hypersensitive response.
regulation of plant hypersensitive response
regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.
A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in animals are localized in the extracellular space.
A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in plants are intracellular and probably chloroplast localized.
A region in which centric, heterochromatic portions from more than one chromosomes form a compact structure.
A chromocenter adjacent to the nucleolus.
regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.
regulation of gibberellic acid biosynthetic process
positive regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.
positive regulation of gibberellic acid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.
negative regulation of gibberellic acid biosynthetic process
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomatal complex over time from its formation to the mature structure. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.
The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of stomatal complex on the surface of a leaf. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.
The process that gives rise to the stomatal complex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stomatal guard cell. Guard cells are located in the leaf epidermis and pairwise surround stomatal pores, which allow CO2 influx for photosynthetic carbon fixation and water loss via transpiration to the atmosphere.
temperature compensation of the circadian clock
The process in which the circadian clock maintains robust and accurate timing over a broad range of physiological temperatures. The circadian clock is an endogenous 24-h timer found in most eukaryotes and in photosynthetic bacteria. The clock drives rhythms in the physiology, biochemistry, and metabolism of the organisms.
regulation of the circadian clock by temperature
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phaseic acid (PA), a catabolite of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA).
regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors.
peroxisome-chloroplast membrane tethering
The attachment of a peroxisome to a chloroplast via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.
cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall polysaccharides.
cell wall proteoglycan metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall peptidoglycan, a group of glycoproteins that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.
Binding to double-stranded methylated DNA. Methylation of cytosine or adenine in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a COP9 signalosome.
regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
The modification of histones by addition of a single ubiquitin group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-glucose as single side-units.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactoglucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) decorated with a mixture of D-glucose and D-galactose side-units.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonan, a pectin polymer containing a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving homogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), a branched pectin with a backbone of alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that carries neutral side-chains of predominantly beta-(1->4)-D-galactose and/or alpha-(1->5)-L-arabinose residues attached to the rhamnose residues of the RGI backbone.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5-10KDa) pectic polysaccharide. The backbone of RG-II contains at least 8 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectic apiogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted with apiose and apiobiose (D-apiofuranosyl-beta-(1->3)-D-apiose) side chains via O-2 or O-3 links.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted on C-3 with beta-D-xylopyranose residues.
rhamnogalacturonan I backbone metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->2)-linked B-galacturonic acid residues of the rhamnogalacturonan I backbone.
rhamnogalacturonan I backbone metabolism
rhamnogalacturonan I side chain metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the side chains of the pectin, rhamnogalacturonan I.
rhamnogalacturonan I side chain metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactan, a polymer of D-galactosyl units that can be found as a side chain of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectic arabinan, a polymer with an alpha-(1->5)-linked L-arabinofuranose (Araf) backbone that can be substituted with Araf-alpha-(1->2)-, Araf-alpha-(1->3)-, and/or Araf-alpha-(1->3)-Araf-alpha-(1->3)-side chains. Arabinan can be found as a side chain of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I.
pectic arabinogalactan I metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectic arabinogalactan I, an alpha-(1,4)-linked D-galactopyranose backbone that is substituted with alpha-l-Araf residues via the O-3 of the D-galactose residues. Arabinogalactan I can be found as a side chain of rhamnogalacturonan I.
cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.
cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein metabolism
arabinogalactan protein metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein of highly varying length and domain complexity. These are O-glycosylated at one or more hydroxyproline residues by arabinogalactan (AG) type II groups, which consist of (1->3)-beta-galactan and (1->6)-beta-linked galactan chains connected to each other by (1->3,1->6)-linked branch points, O-3 and O-6 positions substituted with terminal arabinosyl residues. Also, rhamnose, fucose, glucuronic and galacturonic acid can be present in the glycan structures.
classical arabinogalactan protein metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein containing Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly as the major amino acid constituents, and the C-terminus is GPI anchored.
classical-arabinogalactan protein metabolism
non-classical arabinogalactan protein metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein where other amino acids besides Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly can be present and grouped into regions, such as a Cys-rich or Asn-rich domains.
non-classical arabinogalactan protein metabolism
fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein variant which contains both an arabinogalactan protein (AGP) motif and a fasciclin domain.
fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving extensins, a group of 60-90 kDNA hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich glycoproteins whose polypeptide backbone consists of many repeats of structural Ser(Hyp)4-6 motifs, with heavily glycosylated 1-4 arabinose residues O-linked to contiguous stretches of Hyp residues, with most of the Ser residues being O-galactosylated.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemicelluloses, plant cell wall polysaccharides that have a backbone of 1,4-linked beta-D-pyranosyl residues in which O4 is in the equatorial orientation. Many different hemicelluloses usually occur intermixed with each molecular type representing different degrees of polymerization and contain many different sugar monomers, which can include glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose. Hemicelluloses also contain most of the D-pentose sugars and occasionally small amounts of L-sugars as well. Xylose is always the sugar monomer present in the largest amount, but mannuronic acid and galacturonic acid also tend to be present.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D-glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannan, a group of polysaccharides containing a backbone composed of a polymer of D-mannose units.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid side units.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid and arabinose side units.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the mannan backbone, the unsubstituted polymer of D-mannose units.
arabinoxylan-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an arabinoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with arabinose side units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone substituted with glucuronic acid residues.
rhamnogalacturonan II backbone metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the backbone structure of pectic rhamnogalacturonan II. The back bone contains at least 8 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues.
rhamnogalacturonan II backbone metabolism
rhamnogalacturonan II side chain metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the side chains of pectic rhamnogalacturonan II. A number of structurally distinct di- and oligosaccharides can be attached to the C-3 and C-2 of the backbone, respectively.
rhamnogalacturonan II side chain metabolism
3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
polyprenyldihydroxybenzoate methyltransferase activity
hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death
Programmed cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
programmed cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids.
negative regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids.
DNA methylation on cytosine within a CG sequence
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of a cytosine located within a CG sequence in a DNA molecule.
cytosine methylation within a CG sequence
DNA methylation on cytosine within a CNG sequence
The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within a CNG sequence in a DNA molecule. N stands for any nucleotide.
cytosine methylation within a CNG sequence
DNA methylation on cytosine within a CHH sequence
The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within an asymmetric CHH sequence in a DNA molecule. H stands for an adenine, cytosine, or thymine nucleotide.
cytosine methylation within a CHH sequence
cytosine methylation within a CNN sequence
DNA methylation on cytosine within a CNN sequence
Binding to abscisic acid, a plant hormone that regulates aspects of plant growth.
Binding to a methylated cytosine/unspecified/guanine trinucleotide.
Binding to a methylated cytosine/unspecified/unspecified trinucleotide.
A fatty acid oxidation process in which the methyl group at the end of the fatty acid molecule (the omega carbon) is first oxidized to a hydroxyl group, then to an oxo group, and finally to a carboxyl group. The long chain dicarboxylates derived from omega-oxidation then enter the beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation.
A process in seed development that occurs after embryogenesis by which a quiescent state is established in a seed. Seed maturation is characterized by storage compound accumulation, acquisition of desiccation tolerance, growth arrest and the entry into a dormancy period of variable length that is broken upon germination.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.
The process in which the anatomical structure of a bract are generated and organized. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.
The process that gives rise to a bract. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.
3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid CoA ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid + coenzyme A = AMP + diphosphate + 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoyl-CoA + H+. 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid is also known as OPC-8:0.
3-oxo-2-(2'-[Z]-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-octanoate CoA ligase activity
3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid (OPC-8:0) CoA ligase activity
Catalysis of the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids.
9,10 (9', 10')-carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids at the (9, 10) and/or (9', 10') double bond.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfur.
regulation of glucosinolate biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
The process in which an unspecialized epidermal cell progresses through a series of divisions that culminate in the production of a stomatal complex.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the guard cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Generation and organization of the polarized cell that is capable of turgor driven movement.
guard cell morphogenesis during differentiation
The asymmetric cell division by which a meristemoid mother cells (MMC) give rise to a meristemoid and another cell. The other cell may itself become a MMC or may generate an epidermal cell. Any cell that undergoes this type of division is a MMC.
The process in which a meristemoid acquires the specialized features of a guard mother cell.
A small round nuclear body, measuring 0.2-0.8 microns in diameter that is diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. Several proteins known to be involved in miRNA processing have been localized to these structures. D-bodies are thought to be involved in primary-miRNA processing and/or storage/assembly of miRNA processing complexes.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH > 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
The increase in size or mass of a vegetative meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant shoot which maintains a continuous balance between the production of stem cells and the incorporation of their derivatives into lateral organ primordia.
The increase in size or mass of a root meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant root which maintains a continuous balance between the production of stem cells and the incorporation of their derivatives into the growth of the root.
The increase in size or mass of an inflorescence meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant shoot which produces small leaves and then floral meristems, which will give rise to flowers.
The increase in size or mass of a floral meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant that gives rise to a flower.
The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 36 of the histone.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
negative regulation of cell fate commitment
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
positive regulation of cell fate commitment
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the dorsal spinal cord cell population.
The cell cycle process in which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired.
The cell cycle transition where a cell leaves M phase and enters a new G1 phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
light-activated monoatomic ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic ion by a channel that opens in response to a light stimulus.
regulation of light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
Combining with nerve growth factor (NGF), to prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth, or to initiate a change in cell activity.
beta-nerve growth factor receptor activity
negative regulation of peptidase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, translation and maturation for protein-coding genes.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA).
regulation of signaling receptor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.
regulation of signalling receptor activity
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals.
GDP-galactose:mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-beta-L-galactose + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate = GDP-alpha-D-mannose + beta-L-galactose-1-phosphate.
GDP-L-galactose:mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
GDP-galactose:glucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-beta-L-galactose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = beta-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-glucose.
GDP-L-galactose:glucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
GDP-galactose:myoinositol-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-galactose + myo-inositol 1-phosphate = alpha-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP-myoinositol.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of gibberellin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.
A respiratory electron flow (from NAD(P)H to plastoquinone (PQ) and O2) involving both a nonphotochemical reduction and re-oxidation of PQ pool.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stele over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stele is the central column of primary vascular tissue in the root and any tissue that it surrounds.
The process aimed at the progression of a microsporocyte cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A microsporocyte is a diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and forms four haploid (1n) microspores; also called microspore mother cell and, in seed plants, pollen mother cell.
Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis, into daughter cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell into daughter cells. An epidermal cell is any of the cells that make up the epidermis.
Interaction between the pollen tube, part of the male gametophyte, and the ovule, part of the female gametophyte, that results in the arrest of pollen tube growth, rupture of the pollen tube and the release of the sperm cells.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 = CoA + acetyl-histone H3.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 = CoA + acetyl-histone H4.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Mn2+(in) + H+(out) = Mn2+(out) + H+(in).
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methioninamine + spermidine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + thermospermine + H+.
UDP-galactose:N-glycan beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-glycan = galactose-beta-1,3-N-glycan + UDP.
UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-glucose-3,5-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose = UDP-4-keto-rhamnose.
UDP-4-keto-rhamnose-4-keto-reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-keto-rhamnose + NADPH = UDP-rhamnose + NADP+.
UTP:arabinose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-L-arabinose 1-phosphate + UTP = UDP-L-arabinose + diphosphate.
maintenance of shoot apical meristem identity
The process in which an organism retains a population of shoot apical meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a Lewis a epitope, a trisaccharide (Fuc-alpha-(1->4)[Gal-beta-(1->3)]GlcNAc) characteristic of plant protein N-linked oligosaccharides.
A dense aggregation in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress.
siRNA-mediated long-distance post-transcriptional gene silencing
An siRNA-mediated posttranscriptional gene silencing pathway in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) direct the cleavage of target mRNAs, and in which the silencing signal originates in one tissue and occurs in a different tissue.
long-distance posttranscriptional gene silencing
long-distance propagation of posttranscriptional gene silencing
siRNA-mediated long-distance posttranscriptional gene silencing
The movement of substances between cells.
plasmodesmata-mediated intercellular transport
The movement of substances between cells via plasmodesmata. Plasmodesmata is a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.
plasmodesma-mediated cell-to-cell transport
plasmodesma-mediated intercellular transport
plasmodesmata-mediated cell-to-cell transport
single organism plasmodesmata-mediated intercellular transport
single-organism plasmodesmata-mediated intercellular transport
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.
proteasome-mediated protein catabolic process
proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome but do not involve ubiquitin.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the transmitting tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The transmitting tissue is the tissue in the style of a carpel through which the pollen tube grows; it connects the stigma and the inside of ovary.
The process in which a secondary structure of RNA are broken or 'melted'.
obsolete negative regulation of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation.
obsolete regulation of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation.
obsolete positive regulation of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency or rate of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of polyamine within a cell.
regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.
regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.
induction of conjugation with cellular fusion
The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion. Conjugation with cellular fusion is the process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.
negative regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency or rate of initiation of conjugation with cellular fusion.
negative regulation of cellular response to nitrogen starvation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to nitrogen starvation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.
positive regulation of phospholipase activity
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.
negative regulation of phospholipase activity
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.
regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of telomerase.
regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol
Any process that modulates the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol
Any process that decreases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol
Any process that increases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
obsolete regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-mediated transposition. RNA-mediated transposition is a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of retrotransposition. Retrotransposons are a subset of transposable elements that use an RNA intermediate and reverse transcribe themselves into the genome.
negative regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated
obsolete positive regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-mediated transposition. RNA-mediated transposition is a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.
regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of activation of JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein. The activation of JAK protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.
regulation of activation of JAK1 kinase activity
regulation of activation of JAK1 protein
regulation of activation of JAK2 kinase activity
regulation of activation of JAK2 protein
regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 protein
regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 protein
regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK protein
positive regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity
Any process that increases the frequency or rate of activation of JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein. The activation of JAK protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.
positive regulation of activation of JAK1 kinase activity
positive regulation of activation of JAK1 protein
positive regulation of activation of JAK2 kinase activity
positive regulation of activation of JAK2 protein
positive regulation of activation of JAK protein
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 protein
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 protein
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK protein
obsolete Hsp27 protein regulator activity
OBSOLETE. Modulates the activity of the Hsp27 molecular chaperone.
obsolete Hsp27 protein inhibitor activity
OBSOLETE. Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of the Hsp27 molecular chaperone.
The unidirectional movement of auxin from the apex to base of an organ, including the shoot, leaf, primary root, or lateral root.
The unidirectional movement of auxin from the base towards the apex of an organ, including the shoot, leaf, primary root, or lateral root.
nitrate efflux transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of nitrate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.
negative regulation of platelet activation
Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.
obsolete Hsp90 protein regulator activity
OBSOLETE. Binds to and modulates the activity of the molecular chaperone Hsp90.
obsolete Hsp90 protein inhibitor activity
OBSOLETE. Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone.
The controlled breakdown of the thylakoid membrane in the context of a normal process.
regulation of thylakoid membrane disassembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thylakoid membrane disassembly.
regulation of thylakoid membrane degradation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane disassembly.
regulation of PSII associated light-harvesting complex II catabolic process
Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one or more components of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannitol stimulus.
regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
negative regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.
negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.
Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.
regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process
Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.
regulation of ketone biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ketone, carried out by individual cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ketone, carried out by individual cells.
regulation of budding cell apical bud growth
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth at the tip of a bud, in a cell that reproduces by budding.
regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
positive regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.
positive regulation of DNA replication during S phase
positive regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase
positive regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase
positive regulation of platelet activation
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.
vascular endothelial growth factor production
The appearance of vascular endothelial growth factor production due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.
regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity that is an integral part of a G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein signaling pathway
regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein signalling
regulation of starch biosynthetic process
An process which modulate the frequency, rate or extent of starch biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of starch.
The process in which a floral meristem becomes determinate (i.e. ceases to produce lateral organs and may or may not terminally differentiate).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclopentenone stimulus. Cyclopentenones are oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are structurally similar to jasmonic acid, but contain a reactive unsaturated carbonyl structure in the cyclo-ring. Cyclopentenones include phytoprostanes and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid.
The formation of the pollen exine. The reticulate pollen wall pattern consists of two layers, exine and intine.
The controlled release of glutamine by a cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.
cotyledon vascular tissue pattern formation
Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the cotyledon of vascular plants.
The regionalization process within a leaf by which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis.
regulation of septum digestion after cytokinesis
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process of physically separating the septal cell wall material by enzymatic digestion, that occurs after daughter cells are separated by cytokinesis.
regulation of cell separation after cytokinesis
regulation of cell separation following cytokinesis
regulation of mitotic cytokinetic cell separation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
positive regulation of lamellipodium biogenesis
negative regulation of lamellipodium assembly
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
negative regulation of lamellipodium biogenesis
regulation of endothelial cell migration
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
positive regulation of endothelial cell migration
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
negative regulation of endothelial cell migration
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
green leaf volatile biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of volatile molecules emitted from green plants, such as hexenal, hexenol and hexenyl acetate, from linoleic acid or linolenic acid.
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone)
Complex that possesses NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (plastoquinone) activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It is involved in electron transport from an unidentified electron donor, possibly NADH, NADPH or ferredoxin(Fd) to the plastoquinone pool.
A process leading to the generation of a functional long small interfering RNA (lsiRNA). lsiRNAs are class of siRNAs 30 to 40 nt in length. lsiRNAs are induced by pathogen infection or under specific growth conditions.
production of lsiRNA involved in RNA interference
regulation of auxin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
positive regulation of auxin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate metabolic process
Regulation of the chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, the anion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.
regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.
positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
positive regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.
negative regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.
post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript.
posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression
mRNA localization resulting in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of a mRNA transcript by its transport into, or maintainance in, a specific location within the cell.
mRNA localisation resulting in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression
mRNA localization resulting in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression
posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by mRNA localisation
posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by mRNA localization
regulation of mRNA stability involved in response to stress
Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation that is part of a change in state or activity of a cell as a result of an exogenous disturbance.
regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.
Any process that modulates the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.
positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.
negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.
positive regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation
Any process that increases the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.
negative regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation
Any process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.
circadian regulation of calcium ion oscillation
Any process that modulates the concentration of cytosolic free calcium ion [Ca2+]cyt with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
circadian regulation of [Ca2+]cyt oscillation
circadian regulation of Ca2+ oscillation
circadian regulation of cytosolic calcium ion homeostasis
circadian regulation of cytosolic free calcium ion oscillation
The process that gives rise to aerenchyma, parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces of schizogenous or lysigenous origin. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
adenylate cyclase-activating glucose-activated G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by glucose binding to its receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
activation of adenylate cyclase activity by glucose involved in G-protein signaling
activation of adenylate cyclase activity by glucose-triggered G-protein signaling pathway
activation of adenylate cyclase activity by glucose-triggered G-protein signalling pathway
negative regulation of transcription by transcription factor catabolism
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the catabolism of a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
negative regulation of transcription by transcription factor localization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the localization of a transcription factor.
negative regulation of transcription by transcription factor localisation
The regionalization process in which the identity of an ovule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
programmed cell death involved in cell development
The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development.
programmed cell death involved in development
regulation of Schwann cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.
positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation
Any process that increases the frequency or rate of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.
negative regulation of Schwann cell proliferation
Any process that decreases the frequency or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA).
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA).
regulation of transcription, start site selection
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA by a mechanism that selects the start site along that template.
The orderly movement of an epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.
negative regulation of epithelial cell migration
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.
positive regulation of epithelial cell migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.
positive regulation of mitochondrial fusion
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.
negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.
positive regulation of organelle organization
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle.
positive regulation of organelle organisation
positive regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of organelle organization
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle.
negative regulation of organelle organisation
negative regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis
regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signalling pathway
The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
cell communication by electrical coupling
The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
positive regulation of cell communication
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
negative regulation of cell communication
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
positive regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
negative regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
positive regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
negative regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an apical cell. The apical cell is the upper cell formed after the first division of the zygote.
negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process
Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.
negative regulation of muscle cell apoptosis
A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte, that forms one of three kinds of muscle.
A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. Striated muscle cells make up striated muscle fibers which are divided by transverse bands into striations.
A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.
positive regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.
positive regulation of muscle cell apoptosis
regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.
regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis
positive regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process
Any process that increases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.
positive regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis
negative regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process
Any process that decreases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.
downregulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis
down regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis
down-regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis
inhibition of striated muscle cell apoptosis
negative regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis
regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.
regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process
Any process that increases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis
negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process
Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.
downregulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis
down regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis
down-regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis
inhibition of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis
negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an ectodermal cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of epithelial structure.
obsolete positive regulation of oxygen and reactive oxygen species metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dioxygen (O2), or any of the reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (-OH).
obsolete negative regulation of oxygen and reactive oxygen species metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dioxygen (O2), or any of the reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (-OH).
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in meiotic cell cycle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle.
regulation of meiosis by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in meiotic cell cycle
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle.
activation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic
stimulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
upregulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
up regulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
up-regulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in meiotic cell cycle
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle.
activation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic
positive regulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
stimulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
upregulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
up regulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
up-regulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
obsolete regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
obsolete positive regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
obsolete negative regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
obsolete negative regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process by negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
OBSOLETE. Any cellular process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates carried out by repression of transcription.
obsolete cinnamic acid biosynthetic process involved in salicylic acid metabolism
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, which is then utilized in the metabolism of salicylic acid.
obsolete cinnamic acid biosynthetic process involved in coumarin metabolism
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, which is then utilized in the metabolism of coumarin.
obsolete cinnamic acid biosynthetic process involved in stilbene metabolism
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, which is then utilized in the metabolism of stilbene.
obsolete cinnamic acid biosynthetic process involved in flavonoid metabolism
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, which is then utilized in the metabolism of flavonoids.
tricyclic triterpenoid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings.
tricyclic triterpenoid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings.
tetracyclic triterpenoid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 4 carbon rings.
tetracyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 4 carbon rings.
negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription by RNA polymerase II
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes mediated by RNA polymerase II.
negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to chemical stimulus
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter, as a result of a chemical stimulus.
negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter, as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.
negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to nutrient levels
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter, as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.
negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.
positive regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.
regulation of mitotic spindle pole body separation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.
positive regulation of mitotic spindle pole body separation
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.
negative regulation of mitotic spindle pole body separation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.
Binds to and increases the activity of an acetyltransferase, an enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to an acceptor molecule.
negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.
positive regulation of norepinephrine secretion
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the breakdown of tissues; usually, if not always, accompanied by cell death.
obsolete negative regulation of histolysis
OBSOLETE. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the breakdown of tissues; usually, if not always, accompanied by cell death.
meiotic DNA double-strand break processing involved in meiotic gene conversion
The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang resulting in the transfer of genetic information from one helix to another.
meiotic DNA double-strand break processing involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs resulting in double strand break formation and repair through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
ganglioside biosynthetic process via lactosylceramide
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gangliosides that begins with the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group.
biosynthesis of lactosylceramide precursor to ganglioside
ganglioside biosynthesis via lactosylceramide biosynthesis
lactosylceramide biosynthesis leading to ganglioside
lactosylceramide biosynthetic process leading to ganglioside
globoside biosynthetic process via lactosylceramide
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of globosides that begins with the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group.
biosynthesis of lactosylceramide precursor to globoside
globoside biosynthesis via lactosylceramide biosynthesis
lactosylceramide biosynthesis leading to globoside
lactosylceramide biosynthetic process leading to globoside
heteroduplex formation involved in double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing
The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules resulting in the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences.
regulation of collagen catabolic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.
negative regulation of collagen catabolic process
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.
downregulation of collagen catabolic process
down regulation of collagen catabolic process
down-regulation of collagen catabolic process
inhibition of collagen catabolic process
negative regulation of collagen breakdown
negative regulation of collagen catabolism
negative regulation of collagen degradation
regulation of collagen metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
negative regulation of collagen metabolic process
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
positive regulation of collagen metabolic process
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
positive regulation of collagen metabolism
regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.
regulation of extracellular matrix breakdown
regulation of extracellular matrix degradation
negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.
downregulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
down regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
down-regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
inhibition of extracellular matrix disassembly
negative regulation of extracellular matrix breakdown
negative regulation of extracellular matrix degradation
regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrochelatase activity; catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrin + Fe2+ = protoheme + 2 H+.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
Any process that increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to an iron stimulus.
regulation of definitive erythrocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of definitive erythrocyte differentiation. Definitive erythrocyte differentiation occurs as part of the process of definitive hemopoiesis.
regulation of definitive RBC differentiation
regulation of definitive red blood cell differentiation
regulation of primitive erythrocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of primitive erythrocyte differentiation. Primitive erythrocyte differentiation occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis.
regulation of primitive RBC differentiation
regulation of primitive red blood cell differentiation
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolism
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolism
regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.
regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis
The protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein glutathionylation. Protein glutathionylation is the protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.
regulation of protein amino acid glutathionylation
positive regulation of protein glutathionylation
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein glutathionylation. Protein glutathionylation is the protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.
positive regulation of protein amino acid glutathionylation
negative regulation of protein glutathionylation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein glutathionylation. Protein glutathionylation is the protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.
negative regulation of protein amino acid glutathionylation
obsolete positive regulation of transcription via serum response element binding
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the specifically regulated synthesis of RNA from DNA encoding a specific set of genes as a result of a transcription factor interacting with a serum response element (SRE). A serum response element is a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.
Binding to a serum response element (SRE), a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
regulation of protein kinase A signaling
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
regulation of protein kinase A signaling cascade
regulation of protein kinase A signalling cascade
positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
positive regulation of PKA signaling cascade
positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling cascade
positive regulation of protein kinase A signalling cascade
macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.
regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.
positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.
regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
regulation of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport
positive regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
positive regulation of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport
negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane.
negative regulation of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport
regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
regulation of nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction
positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
positive regulation of nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction
negative regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
negative regulation of nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling.
positive regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling.
positive regulation of cGMP-mediated signalling
negative regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling.
negative regulation of cGMP-mediated signalling
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.
positive regulation of plasminogen activation
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.
negative regulation of plasminogen activation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a fibroblast pseudopodium. A fibroblast is a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.
positive regulation of fibroblast migration
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.
positive regulation of fibroblast cell migration
negative regulation of fibroblast migration
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.
negative regulation of fibroblast cell migration
positive regulation of sodium ion transport
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of sodium ion transport
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to UV-induced DNA damage
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a UV damage stimulus.
obsolete negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to UV-induced DNA damage
OBSOLETE. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a UV damage stimulus.
regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.
positive regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.
negative regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.
meiotic DNA recombinase assembly involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
meiotic DNA recombinase assembly involved in meiotic gene conversion
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.
meiotic strand invasion involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
meiotic strand invasion involved in meiotic gene conversion
The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate resulting in meiotic recombination.
meiotic mismatch repair involved in meiotic gene conversion
A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.
meiotic mismatch repair involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
meiotic DNA repair synthesis involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
The synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
meiotic DNA repair synthesis involved in meiotic gene conversion
The synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.
meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in meiotic gene conversion
The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.
proboscis morphogenesis, labial disc-derived
The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the labial disc are generated and organized.
proboscis morphogenesis, eye-antennal disc-derived
The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized.
proboscis morphogenesis, clypeo-labral disc-derived
The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized.
clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle, plasma membrane to endosome targeting
The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles that will move from the plasma membrane to the endosome, forming a vesicle coat.
clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle, trans-Golgi to endosome targeting
The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles that will move from the trans-Golgi to the endosome, forming a vesicle coat.
COPI coating of Golgi vesicle, inter-Golgi cisterna
The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of inter-Golgi cisterna transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
COPI coating of Golgi vesicle, cis-Golgi to rough ER
The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of cis-Golgi to rough ER transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
meiotic sister chromatid cohesion involved in meiosis I
The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis I.
meiotic sister chromatid cohesion involved in meiosis II
The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis II.
DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing
The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang that results in the repair of a double strand break via synthesis-dependent strand annealing.
DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via single-strand annealing
The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang that results in the repair of a double strand break via single-strand annealing.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
regulation of dolichol biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dolichol biosynthesis. Dolichol biosynthesis consists of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.
regulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquinone biosynthesis. Ubiquinone biosynthesis consists of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles.
regulation of multivesicular body size involved in endosome transport
Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles.
regulation of multivesicular body size involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin.
regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
negative regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.
regulation of TNF-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.
negative regulation of TNF-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signalling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle priming
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle priming
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neuropeptides. Neuropeptides are signaling peptides that travel across a synaptic junction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the neuropeptide substance P.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide bradykinin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide calcitonin.
Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action.
The directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus.
positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus.
regulation of mitochondrion organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion.
regulation of mitochondrion organisation
positive regulation of mitochondrion organization
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion.
positive regulation of mitochondrion organisation
negative regulation of mitochondrion organization
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion.
negative regulation of mitochondrion organisation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
positive regulation of centrosome duplication
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
negative regulation of centrosome duplication
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
regulation of glucose transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of glucose transmembrane transport
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of glucose transport
negative regulation of glucose transmembrane transport
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of glucose transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
positive regulation of myotube differentiation
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
negative regulation of myotube differentiation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening
Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and lengthening the telomeric DNA.
obsolete telomere maintenance via telomere shortening
OBSOLETE. Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and shortening the telomeric DNA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.
regulation of protein amino acid ADP-ribosylation
negative regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.
negative regulation of protein amino acid ADP-ribosylation
regulation of keratinocyte proliferation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
negative regulation of keratinocyte proliferation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.
positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness
Any process that increases the frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.
The process in which the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia.
OBSOLETE. Binding to a regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factor complexes of the basal transcription machinery.
Binding to a genomic region which promotes recombination.
positive regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
positive regulation of meiotic recombination
activation of reciprocal meiotic recombination
Any process that starts the inactive process of reciprocal meiotic recombination. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
obsolete regulation of chromatin assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process the modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly. Chromatin assembly is the assembly of DNA, histone proteins, and other associated proteins into chromatin structure, beginning with the formation of the basic unit, the nucleosome, followed by organization of the nucleosomes into higher order structures, ultimately giving rise to a complex organization of specific domains within the nucleus.
obsolete regulation of chromatin disassembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin disassembly. Chromatin disassembly is the controlled breakdown of chromatin from a higher order structure into its simpler subcomponents, DNA, histones, and other proteins.
regulation of proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism
Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism.
regulation of hydrogen ion transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism
regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway
A series of reactions within the cell that occur as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound interacting with a chemoreceptor resulting in a modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.
regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signalling pathway
Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme that catalyzes a ring closure reaction.
Binds to and decreases the activity of an enzyme that catalyzes a ring closure reaction.
Binds to and increases the activity of an enzyme that catalyzes a ring closure reaction.
Binds to and modulates the activity of adenylate cyclase.
Binds to and decreases the activity adenylate cyclase.
Binds to and increases the activity of adenylate cyclase.
calcium-dependent protein kinase activity
Calcium-dependent catalysis of the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
calcium-dependent protein kinase regulator activity
Modulates the activity of a calcium-dependent protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein in a calcium-dependent manner.
calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in polypeptides by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile in a calcium-dependent manner.
OBSOLETE. Modulates the activity of the proteasome complex. The proteasome complex performs regulated ubiquitin-dependent cytosolic and nuclear proteolysis.
positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
positive regulation of phospholipase C activity
Any process that increases the rate of phospholipase C activity.
positive regulation of protein histidine kinase activity
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein histidine kinase activity.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stipule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A stipule is one of (usually) a pair of appendages at the bases of leaves in many broad-leaved angiosperms.
regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
regulation of triacylglycerol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
positive regulation of triacylglycerol biosynthetic process
negative regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
negative regulation of triacylglycerol biosynthetic process
obsolete regulation of receptor biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of receptor biosynthesis. Receptor biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
obsolete positive regulation of receptor biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency or rate of receptor biosynthesis. Receptor biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
obsolete negative regulation of receptor biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that decreases the frequency or rate of receptor biosynthesis. Receptor biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
obsolete regulation of cholesterol esterification
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol esterification. Cholesterol esterification is the lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and cholesterol. In the blood this process is associated with the conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester, which is then sequestered into the core of a lipoprotein particle.
obsolete positive regulation of cholesterol esterification
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol esterification. Cholesterol esterification is the lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and cholesterol. In the blood this process is associated with the conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester, which is then sequestered into the core of a lipoprotein particle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.
positive regulation of cholesterol efflux
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.
Any process in which a lipid is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
lipid transport involved in lipid storage
The directed movement of lipids into cells that is part of their accumulation and maintenance.
The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
cholesterol transport involved in cholesterol storage
The directed movement of cholesterol into cells that is part of their accumulation and maintenance.
regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction.
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signalling
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
positive regulation of lipid sequestration
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
positive regulation of cholesterol storage
Any process that increases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
positive regulation of cholesterol sequestration
negative regulation of cholesterol storage
Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
negative regulation of cholesterol sequestration
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
regulation of sequestering of triglyceride
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
regulation of sequestering of triacylglycerol
regulation of triacylglycerol sequestration
positive regulation of sequestering of triglyceride
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
positive regulation of sequestering of triacylglycerol
positive regulation of triglyceride sequestration
negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
negative regulation of sequestering of triacylglycerol
negative regulation of triglyceride sequestration
positive regulation of mitochondrial translation in response to stress
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
negative regulation of steroid biosynthetic process
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
negative regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
regulation of triglyceride catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.
regulation of triacylglycerol catabolic process
negative regulation of triglyceride catabolic process
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.
negative regulation of triacylglycerol catabolic process
positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process
Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.
positive regulation of triacylglycerol catabolic process
regulation of phosphatidylcholine catabolic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of phosphatidylcholine catabolism. Phosphatidylcholine catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine catabolic process
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of phosphatidylcholine catabolism. Phosphatidylcholine catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
positive regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
regulation of UDP-glucose catabolic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of UDP-glucose catabolism. UDP-glucose catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
negative regulation of UDP-glucose catabolic process
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of UDP-glucose catabolism. UDP-glucose catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
negative regulation of UDP-glucose catabolism
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
positive regulation of glucose metabolic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
positive regulation of glucose metabolism
regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues.
positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues.
positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis by positive regulation of epimerase activity
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis by an increase in epimerase activity. This epimerase activity catalyzes the reaction that converts D-glucuronate into its diastereoisomer in heparan sulfate.
Any process that modulates the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
positive regulation of isomerase activity
Any process that increases the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of sterigmatocystin biosynthesis. Sterigmatocystin biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
positive regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of sterigmatocystin biosynthesis. Sterigmatocystin biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
negative regulation of VLDL particle clearance
negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
elevation of mitochondrial membrane potential
regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthesis
negative regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
negative regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthesis
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
positive regulation of phosphatase activity
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
negative regulation of phosphatase activity
Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
regulation of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.
positive regulation of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.
OBSOLETE. The process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structure is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis
The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression.
regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.
regulation of auxin mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.
positive regulation of auxin mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.
negative regulation of auxin mediated signalling pathway
A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in macrophages.
regulation of macrophage tolerance induction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage tolerance induction.
positive regulation of macrophage tolerance induction
Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.
The appearance of a macrophage cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
regulation of macrophage cytokine production
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
regulation of cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization.
cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization
The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a cytoplasmic microtubule.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents.
positive regulation of necrotic cell death
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents.
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H2O = NMNH + ADP.
negative regulation of transcription by competitive promoter binding
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves direct competition for interaction with a promoter binding site.
Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A or its derivatives + H2O = 3',5'-ADP + 4'-phosphopantetheine.
regulation of meiotic joint molecule formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic joint molecule formation. Meiotic joint molecule formation is the conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination.
negative regulation of meiotic joint molecule formation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic joint molecule formation. Meiotic joint molecule formation is the conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination.
negative regulation of cell cycle process
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.
negative regulation of intestinal phytosterol absorption
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of phytosterols into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.
positive regulation of endopeptidase activity
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
negative regulation of endopeptidase activity
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
positive regulation of peptidase activity
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
positive regulation of protein processing
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage.
positive regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage
negative regulation of protein processing
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage.
negative regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage
negative regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.
negative regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a vitamin D biosynthetic process. Vitamin D biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
regulation of amino acid import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid import into a cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of metal ion transport. Metal ion transport is the directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of magnesium ions within an organism or cell.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of magnesium ions within a cell.
regulation of glucan biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of glucan biosynthesis. Glucan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
regulation of small non-coding RNA-mediated heterochromatin formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small non-coding RNA-mediated heterochromatin formation.
regulation of chromatin silencing by small RNA
regulation of heterochromatin assembly by small RNA
regulation of RNAi-mediated heterochromatin assembly
regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation. Mitotic sister chromatid separation is the process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transport. Phosphate transport is the directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of polyamine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine biosynthesis. Polyamine biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell.
regulation of pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pheromone-dependent signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion, a signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.
The movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along microtubules, driven by motor activity.
establishment of localization by movement along microtubule
positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
Any signalling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
positive regulation of division septum assembly
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of division septum formation. division septum formation is the assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis.
positive regulation of division septum formation
positive regulation of division septum formation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
upregulation of mitotic division septum assembly
negative regulation of division septum assembly
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of division septum formation. division septum formation is he assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis.
inhibition of division septum assembly involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
negative regulation of division septum formation
regulation of neuron projection development
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
positive regulation of neuron projection development
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
positive regulation of neurite biosynthesis
positive regulation of neurite development
positive regulation of neurite formation
negative regulation of neuron projection development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
negative regulation of neurite biosynthesis
negative regulation of neurite development
negative regulation of neurite formation
obsolete gene silencing involved in chronological cell aging
OBSOLETE. Any transcriptional or post-transcriptional process, arising in non-dividing cells as they age, carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation.
regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity. Vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.
positive regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity. Vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.
regulation of cell wall macromolecule metabolic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell wall macromolecule metabolism. Cell wall macromolecule metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
positive regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
negative regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
positive regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
negative regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
regulation of SMAD protein complex assembly
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of SMAD protein complex assembly. SMAD protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins.
negative regulation of SMAD protein complex assembly
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of SMAD protein complex assembly. SMAD protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ubiquitin monomers and free ubiquitin chains at the level of the cell by recycling ubiquitin from proteasome-bound ubiquitinated intermediates.
The process of creating free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers. These chains are not conjugated to a protein.
The process in which free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers, are broken down.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auditory stimulus.
Binding to an anaphase-promoting complex. A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis.
regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha phosphorylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation in response to stress by the phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha.
eIF2 alpha phosphorylation in response to stress
regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha phosphorylation in response to stress
regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation by heme
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation as a result of heme levels.
replication fork arrest at mating type locus
A process that impedes the progress of the DNA replication fork at natural replication fork pausing sites within the mating type locus.
A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell.
A process which directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.
induction of nonapoptotic programmed cell death
induction of non-apoptotic programmed cell death
A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport vesicle membrane
endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport vesicle membrane
ER to Golgi constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the Golgi to the ER.
Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum transport vesicle membrane
Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum transport vesicle membrane
Golgi to ER constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances within the Golgi.
inter-Golgi transport constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle membrane
trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.
trans-Golgi network constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle membrane
A subcellular organelle of plant cells surrounded by 'half-unit' or a monolayer membrane instead of the more usual bilayer. The storage body has a droplet of triglyceride surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids, interacting with the triglycerides and the hydrophilic head groups facing the cytosol, and containing major protein components called oleosins.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sclerenchyma cell. A sclerenchyma cell is a plant cell with thick lignified walls, normally dead at maturity and specialized for structural strength. Includes fiber cells, that are greatly elongated; and sclereids, that are more isodiametric. Intermediate types exist. Cells may or may not be devoid of protoplasm at maturity. Cell form and size are variable.
The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.
The process aimed at the progression of an oligodendrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons in the central nervous system.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell. Microglia are glial cells that act as the immune cells of the central nervous system. They form part of the supporting structure of this system.
The process aimed at the progression of a microglial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.
regulation of microglial cell differentiation
negative regulation of microglia differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.
downregulation of microglia differentiation
down regulation of microglia differentiation
down-regulation of microglia differentiation
negative regulation of microglial cell differentiation
positive regulation of microglia differentiation
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.
positive regulation of microglial cell differentiation
stimulation of microglia differentiation
upregulation of microglia differentiation
up regulation of microglia differentiation
up-regulation of microglia differentiation
The multiplication or reproduction of glial cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Glial cells exist throughout the nervous system, and include Schwann cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes among others.
The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.
Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration
The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population in response to an axonal lesion. The newly generated Schwann cells support subsequent axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.
peripheral nervous system axon regeneration
The regrowth of axons outside the central nervous system (outside the brain and spinal cord) following an axonal injury.
axon regeneration in peripheral nervous system
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroblast. There are at least four stages through which the pluripotent cells of epiblast or blastula become neuroblasts.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will differentiate into a neuroblast.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The process aimed at the progression of a neuroblast over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific state, to the mature neuroblast. It does not include processes where the neuroblast turns into a glial cell or a neuron.
The formation of the neural tube from an epithelial cell sheet (the neuroepithelium or neural plate). In primary neurulation, the cells surrounding the neural plate direct the neural plate cells to proliferate, invaginate, and pinch off from the surface to form a hollow epithelial tube. Primary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the anterior neural tube.
The formation of the neural tube by coalescence of mesenchymal cells followed by their conversion to epithelial cells to form a solid cord that subsequently hollows out (cavitates) to create a hollow tube. Secondary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the neural tube posterior to the posterior neuropore in mammals.
The process in which the neural plate is shaped by the intrinsic movement of the epidermal and neural plate regions.
The formation of a solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts.
The formation of a thickened region of the neurectoderm that is roughly triangular in cross section. The neural keel develops from the neural plate and develops into the neural rod. Neural keel formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts.
The formation of the notochord from the chordamesoderm. The notochord is composed of large cells packed within a firm connective tissue sheath and is found in all chordates at the ventral surface of the neural tube. In vertebrates, the notochord contributes to the vertebral column.
The formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes.
The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a mesenchymal cell.
The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell.
The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a neural crest cell.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Schwann cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function.
regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.
negative regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.
downregulation of Schwann cell differentiation
down regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
down-regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
inhibition of Schwann cell differentiation
positive regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.
activation of Schwann cell differentiation
stimulation of Schwann cell differentiation
upregulation of Schwann cell differentiation
up regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
up-regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change.
positive regulation of neuron maturation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation.
negative regulation of neuron maturation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation.
The process aimed at the progression of a Schwann cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function.
establishment of endothelial blood-brain barrier
Establishment of the endothelial barrier between the blood and the brain. The endothelial cells in the brain capillaries are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.
establishment of endothelial blood/brain barrier
The regulated release of dopamine by a cell. Dopamine is a catecholamine and a precursor of adrenaline and noradrenaline. It acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system but it is also produced peripherally and acts as a hormone.
The controlled release of glutamate by a cell. The glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.
positive regulation of glutamate secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.
negative regulation of glutamate secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.
The regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a cell or a tissue. The gamma-aminobutyric acid is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain but is also found in several extraneural tissues.
regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
downregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
down regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
down-regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
stimulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
upregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
up regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
up-regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission
The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell. The acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter that acts in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS).
regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine.
positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine.
up regulation of acetylcholine secretion
up-regulation of acetylcholine secretion
negative regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine.
downregulation of acetylcholine secretion
down regulation of acetylcholine secretion
down-regulation of acetylcholine secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.
negative regulation of serotonin secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.
positive regulation of serotonin release
positive regulation of serotonin secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.
A series of reactions within the signal-receiving cell, mediated by the intracellular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Many cell surface receptor linked signaling pathways signal through PI3K to regulate numerous cellular functions.
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signal transduction
regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade
regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
downregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade
down regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade
down-regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade
inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade
negative regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
negative regulation of PI 3-kinase cascade
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade
positive regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
positive regulation of PI 3-kinase cascade
stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade
upregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade
up regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade
up-regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade
An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloalkane stimulus. A cycloalkane is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isoquinoline alkaloid stimulus. An isoquinoline alkaloid is any member of a group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine which is a structure characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tropane stimulus. Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound mainly known for a group of alkaloids derived from it (called tropane alkaloids), which include, among others, atropine and cocaine.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amine stimulus. An amine is a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoxetine stimulus. Fluoxetine increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor.
response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane
The part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane that contains calcium release channels, is devoted to calcium release and is juxtaposed to transverse tubule membrane. The junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane consists of the junctional region of the terminal cisterna membrane.
The part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane that contains calcium pumps and is devoted to calcium uptake. The free sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane consists of the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and the non-junctional region of the terminal cisterna membrane.
A process in which force is generated within oscillatory skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Oscillatory muscle contraction occurs in insect wing muscles and is characterized by asynchrony between action potential and contraction and by stretch activation.
A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.
A region of the A band in which myosin-binding protein C is located and that can be seen by electron microscopy. This is a functional zone that also includes myosin.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. Skeletal muscle myoblasts fuse to form myotubes and eventually multinucleated muscle fibers. The fusion of cardiac cells is very rare and can only form binucleate cells.
branchiomeric skeletal muscle development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish.
regulation of somitomeric trunk muscle development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somitomeric trunk muscle development.
positive regulation of somitomeric trunk muscle development
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somitomeric trunk muscle development. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
negative regulation of somitomeric trunk muscle development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somitomeric trunk muscle development. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
positive regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
negative regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process, taking place in the head, whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
The process taking place in the trunk whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
Skeletal muscle satellite cell asymmetric division that occurs during a process in which damaged muscle tissue is being rebuilt.
satellite cell asymmetric division involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
regulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell activation. The satellite cell activation is the process that initiates satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate.
positive regulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation of satellite cell involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. The activation of satellite cell is the process that initiates satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate.
skeletal muscle satellite cell activation
The change of a skeletal muscle satellite cell from a mitotically quiescent to a mitotically active state following exposure to some activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.
A process in which force is generated within tonic skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The tonic skeletal muscle is characterized by long lasting contractile responses and high resistance to fatigue.
A process in which force is generated within twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The twitch skeletal muscle responds to neurostimulations with a contraction followed by a relaxation.
regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction.
regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by calcium ion signalling
regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by modulation of calcium ion sensitivity of myofibril
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by changing calcium ion binding affinity of the myofibril.
regulation of calcium ion sensitivity of myofibril involved in skeletal muscle contraction
regulation of twitch skeletal muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
negative regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
positive regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
regulation of the force of skeletal muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the force of skeletal muscle contraction. The force of skeletal muscle contraction is produced by acto-myosin interaction processes through the formation of cross bridges.
regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle modulating contraction
Any process that modulates velocity of shortening of a skeletal muscle contraction. The shortening leads to reduction of the length of muscle fibers and sarcomeres.
regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle during contraction
skeletal muscle regeneration at neuromuscular junction
The regrowth of muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage at the neuromuscular junction. Regeneration of neuromuscular junctions occurs in an orderly way and relies on communication between nerve and muscle. Skeletal myofibers regenerate after injury and form neuro-muscular junctions with motor axons similar to normal ones. Regenerating myofibers develop within the basal lamina sheaths (satellite cells) of original myofibers.
The part of the cytoskeleton composed of spectrin, protein 4.1 and ankyrin. Spectrin-associated cytoskeleton is associated with the plasma membrane.
A process, occurring in skeletal muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.
regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation
Any process in which skeletal muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.
regulation of skeletal muscle plasticity
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size (not length) of individual muscle fibers without cell division. In the case of skeletal muscle cells this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle atrophy.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle atrophy.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle atrophy.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hyperplasia.
positive regulation of muscle hyperplasia
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hyperplasia.
negative regulation of muscle hyperplasia
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hyperplasia.
negative regulation of muscle hypertrophy
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hypertrophy.
positive regulation of muscle hypertrophy
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy.
positive regulation of muscle adaptation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation.
positive regulation of muscle plasticity
negative regulation of muscle adaptation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle adaptation.
negative regulation of muscle plasticity
regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.
positive regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.
negative regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.
The portion of the free sarcoplasmic reticulum consisting of longitudinal tubules that connect terminal cisternae.
The portion of sarcoplasmic reticulum devoted to calcium ion storage and calcium ion release.
longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum envelope. The longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen is continuous with the lumen contained within the terminal cisternae.
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the terminal cisterna envelope. This space is enriched in calsequestrin.
Any process in which smooth muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.
A process, occurring in smooth muscle, in which there is an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somitogenesis.
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum
The process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.
release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol
regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.
positive regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.
negative regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.
The orderly movement of a muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
skeletal muscle satellite cell commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a satellite cell.
axon regeneration at neuromuscular junction
The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage at the neuromuscular junction. Motor axons regenerate after injury and they form neuro-muscular junctions with skeletal myofibers similar to normal ones.
initiation of skeletal muscle satellite cell activation by growth factor signaling, involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
Signalling between growth factors and their receptors that results in the activation of satellite cell, where this process is involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.
skeletal muscle satellite cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a satellite cell.
skeletal muscle satellite cell fate specification
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a skeletal muscle satellite cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
skeletal muscle satellite cell fate determination
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a skeletal muscle satellite cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
regulation of skeletal muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction.
A process in which force is generated within tonic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the tonic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Tonic smooth muscle contraction occurs as a sustained continuous contraction.
A process in which force is generated within phasic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the phasic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Phasic smooth muscle contraction occurs in a series of discrete contractions and relaxations.
The series of events by which an injury stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the artery. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The artery is a vessel carrying blood away from the heart.
stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the fundus of stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The fundus is the portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch.
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the vein. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The vein is a vessel carrying blood away from the capillary beds.
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the intestine. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The intestine is the section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anal canal. It includes the large intestine and small intestine.
distal stomach smooth muscle contraction
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the distal stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The distal stomach is composed of the lower body and antrum and develops strong peristaltic phasic contractions that increase in amplitude as they propagate toward the pylorus.
vascular associated smooth muscle contraction
A process, occurring in the vascular tissue, whereby actin/myosin complex activity generates force through ATP hydrolysis resulting in a change in smooth muscle geometry. This process is always coupled to chemo-mechanical energy conversion.
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the arteriole. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The arteriole is the smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.
gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the gastro-intestinal system. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The gastro-intestinal system generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the mouth to anus, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (liver, pancreas and biliary tract).
urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary bladder. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary bladder is a musculomembranous sac along the urinary tract.
skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division
The asymmetric division of a skeletal muscle satellite stem cell to produce two daughter cells, one of which is destined to differentiate and the other to be a quiescent cell that restocks the satellite cell pool.
skeletal muscle satellite cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
Any process by which the number of skeletal muscle satellite cells in a skeletal muscle is maintained during muscle regeneration. There are at least three mechanisms by which this is achieved. Skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division ensures satellite stem cell numbers are kept constant. Symmetric division of these cells amplifies the number of skeletal muscle satellite stem cells. Some adult skeletal muscle myoblasts (descendants of activated satellite cells) can develop back into quiescent satellite cells, replenishing the overall pool of satellite cells.
satellite cell compartment self-renewal involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
myoblast differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
The process in which a relatively unspecialized satellite cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
myoblast fate commitment involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
The process in which the developmental fate of a satellite cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
myoblast fate determination involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
The process in which a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
myoblast fate specification involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
The process in which a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
myoblast migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
The process in which a myoblast migrates along an entire fiber to the site of injury. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
mononucleate cell migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of satellite cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.
regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation.
growth factor dependent regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta.
myoblast proliferation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the body of stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined.
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the esophagus. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The esophagus is the muscular membranous segment between the pharynx and the stomach in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
proximal stomach smooth muscle contraction
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the proximal stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The proximal stomach, composed of the fundus and upper body, shows low frequency, sustained tonic contractions that are responsible for generating a basal pressure within the stomach.
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary tract. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary tract consists of organs of the body that produce and discharge urine. These include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the ureter. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The ureter is one of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus.
regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by neural stimulation via neuromuscular junction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by variation of the pattern of stimulation by nervous system.
regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential involved in skeletal muscle contraction
Any process, involved in skeletal muscle contraction, that modulates the establishment or extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is a temporay increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
regulation of excitatory post-synaptic membrane potential involved in skeletal muscle contraction
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inactivity stimulus.
The multiplication or reproduction of striated muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Striated muscles contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle.
The multiplication or reproduction of skeletal muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.
positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.
negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.
neurotransmitter secretion involved in regulation of skeletal muscle contraction
The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft involved in skeletal muscle contraction. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.
neurotransmitter secretion involved in control of skeletal muscle contraction
regulation of skeletal muscle contraction via regulation of action potential
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by depolarization of muscle membrane and ionic fluxes.
regulation of skeletal muscle contraction via membrane action potential
regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by chemo-mechanical energy conversion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by regulating force and velocity of shortening. The force of skeletal muscle contraction is produced by acto-myosin interaction processes through formation of cross bridges. The shortening leads to reduction of length of muscle fiber and sarcomeres.
The series of events in which a inactivity stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events in which a muscle activity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events in which an activity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A skeletal myofibril is a myofibril specific to skeletal muscle cells.
cross bridge cycling involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction
A process in which cross bridges are broken and reformed during filament sliding as part of the regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction.
The series of events in which a muscle inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle inactivity stimulus.
cross bridge formation involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction
The process in which actin and myosin interact, split ATP and generate force during skeletal muscle contraction. This process is one of the components of the regulation of the force of skeletal muscle contraction.
The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a myoblast into daughter cells. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle plasticity
response to stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
response to stimulus involved in regulation of muscle plasticity
detection of muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
The series of events by which a muscle activity stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
response to injury involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a injury. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
response to injury involved in regulation of muscle plasticity
response to muscle inactivity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle inactivity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
response to electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
response to electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle plasticity
detection of electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
regulation of muscle filament sliding involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding, and consequently contributes to the regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle contraction.
Any process that modulates the size of myofibrils. A myofibril is the contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.
Any process that modulates the number of myofibrils. A myofibril is the contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.
The process of conversion of fast-contracting muscle fibers to a slower character. This may involve slowing of contractile rate, slow myosin gene induction, increase in oxidative metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation.
detection of muscle inactivity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
The series of events in which a muscle inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
detection of injury involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
The series of events by which an injury stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
detection of injury involved in regulation of muscle plasticity
The process of conversion of slow-contracting muscle fibers to a faster character. This may involve increasing of contractile rate, fast myosin gene induction, increase in glycolytic metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation.
The process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.
Any process in which striated muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.
A process, occurring in the muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.
A process, occurring in smooth muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.
A process, occurring in striated muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.
response to rest involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rest stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a denervation stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of its smooth muscle cells without cell division. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development, and can also occur in mature structures on demand. In the uterus, smooth muscle cells undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy.
The muscle system process that results in enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development (it stops in cardiac muscle after adolescence) and can also be brought on in response to demand. In athletes cardiac and skeletal muscles undergo hypertrophy stimulated by increasing muscle activity on exercise. Smooth muscle cells in the uterus undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy.
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of muscle cells without cell division. In the case of striated muscle, this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils.
cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress
The physiological enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division, as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.
A process, occurring in the heart, in which a decrease in cell mass and then in heart size occurs due to shrinking of the individual cells. The shrinkage is caused by protein degradation.
A muscle system process that results in an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.
satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
The process that initiates skeletal muscle satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
myoblast fusion involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts, after migrating to the site of injury, fuse into existing damaged fibers or fuse to myotubes to form new fibers, as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
myotube cell development involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. This occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
myotube differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. This process occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
The orderly movement of a smooth muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
regulation of smooth muscle cell migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
myoblast maturation involved in muscle regeneration
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast cell to attain its fully functional state involved in muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
regulation of muscle filament sliding speed involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the velocity of muscle filament sliding, and consequently contributes to the regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle contraction.
The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the lungs. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.
obsolete positive regulation of diuresis by pressure natriuresis
OBSOLETE. The process in which pressure natriuresis increases the rate of diuresis.
obsolete positive regulation of natriuresis by pressure natriuresis
OBSOLETE. The process in which pressure natriuresis increases rate of natriuresis.
obsolete high-potential iron-sulfur carrier
obsolete heme-copper terminal oxidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the four-electron reduction of dioxygen (O2) to water, coupled to generation of a proton electrochemical gradient across a membrane.
OBSOLETE. A copper-containing entity that serves as an electron acceptor and electron donor in an electron transport system.
obsolete small blue copper electron carrier
OBSOLETE. Brilliant blue copper-containing protein of low molecular weight found in some bacteria; thought to transfer electrons to cytochrome oxidase. This definition includes pseudoazurin.
OBSOLETE. A copper-containing electron carrier acting between cytochrome b(6)-f and P700 of photosystem I.
obsolete electron carrier, chlorophyll electron transport system
OBSOLETE. A molecular entity that serves as an electron acceptor and electron donor in a chlorophyll electron transport system.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrocorphins, tetrapyrroles that combine the structural elements of both porphyrins and corrins.
nickel-tetrapyrrole coenzyme metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an enzyme cofactor consisting of a tetrapyrrole structure containing nickel, such as the F-430 cofactor found in methyl-coenzyme M reductase.
heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues; the former are a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid; the L-iduronic acid is either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as being sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups; heparan sulfate chains are covalently linked to peptidyl-serine by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl to serine residues.
heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis
heparan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis
heparan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
heparin proteoglycan biosynthetic process
heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, linkage to polypeptide
The polymerization of one or more heparan sulfate chains via a xylose link onto serine residues in the core protein of a proteoglycan.
heparan sulfate proteoglycan anabolism, linkage to polypeptide
heparan sulfate proteoglycan formation, linkage to polypeptide
heparan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis, linkage to polypeptide
heparan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis, linkage to polypeptide
heparan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, linkage to polypeptide
heparin proteoglycan biosynthetic process, linkage to polypeptide
heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharide chain component of heparan sulfate proteoglycan.
heparan sulfate proteoglycan anabolism, polysaccharide chain anabolism
heparan sulfate proteoglycan chain elongation
heparan sulfate proteoglycan formation, polysaccharide chain biosynthesis
heparan sulfate proteoglycan formation, polysaccharide chain formation
heparan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis, polysaccharide chain synthesis
heparan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis, polysaccharide chain biosynthesis
heparan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
heparin proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, enzymatic modification
The modification, often by sulfation, of sugars incorporated into heparan sulfate after polymerization.
heparan sulfate proteoglycan anabolism, enzymatic modification
heparan sulfate proteoglycan formation, enzymatic modification
heparan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis, enzymatic modification
heparan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis, enzymatic modification
heparan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, enzymatic modification
heparin proteoglycan biosynthetic process, enzymatic modification
[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine N-sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-N-sulfoglucosamine.
[heparan sulphate]-glucosamine N-sulphotransferase activity
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine N-sulfotransferase activity
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:heparitin N-sulfotransferase activity
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:N-desulfoheparin N-sulfotransferase activity
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate:N-desulfoheparin sulfotransferase activity
desulfoheparin sulfotransferase activity
glucosaminyl N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase activity
heparan sulfate 2-N-sulfotransferase activity
heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase activity
heparan sulfate N-sulfotransferase activity
heparin-glucosamine N-sulfotransferase activity
heparin N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase activity
heparin N-deacetylase/N-sulphotransferase activity
N-desulfoheparin sulfotransferase activity
N-heparan sulfate sulfotransferase activity
PAPS:N-desulfoheparin sulfotransferase activity
galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein = UDP + 3-beta-D-glucuronosyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein.
UDPglucuronate:3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosyl-protein D-glucuronosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucuronate:3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosyl-protein D-glucuronosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid:acceptor glucuronosyltransferase activity
heparan-alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + heparan alpha-D-glucosaminide = CoA + heparan N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide.
acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:heparan-alpha-D-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase activity
heparin-alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + acceptor = UDP + acceptor beta-D-glucuronoside.
17beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
17-beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
1-naphthol glucuronyltransferase activity
1-naphthol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
3alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
3-alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
4-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
4-methylumbelliferone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
bilirubin monoglucuronide glucuronyltransferase activity
bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
bilirubin uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
ciramadol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
estriol UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
estrone UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
phenyl-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
p-hydroxybiphenyl UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
p-nitrophenylglucuronosyltransferase activity
p-phenylphenol glucuronyltransferase activity
UDP-glucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific)
UDPglucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific) activity
UDP-glucuronate-bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
UDP glucuronate-estradiol-glucuronosyltransferase activity
UDP glucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
UDP glucuronic acid transferase activity
uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronate-1,2-diacylglycerol glucuronosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estradiol glucuronosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16-alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the elimination of sulfate; appears to act on linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and uronate. Product is an unsaturated sugar.
[heparan sulfate]-sulfate lyase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2-sulfate groups of the 2-O-sulfo-D-glucuronate residues of chondroitin sulfate, heparin and heparitin sulfate.
polysaccharide-2-O-sulfo-D-glucuronate 2-sulfohydrolase activity
obsolete GPI-anchored membrane-bound receptor
Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger, and in cooperation with a nearby primary receptor, initiating a change in cell activity.
obsolete internalization receptor activity
A class of nuclear body, first seen after silver staining by Ramon y Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA.
The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
obsolete storage protein import into fat body
OBSOLETE. The incorporation of hemolymph proteins by cells of the fat body of holometabolous insects, during the final larval stage. Uptake of these proteins prepares the insect for pupation and metamorphosis, since insect pupae do not feed and therefore depend on material that has been accumulated during larval life.
OBSOLETE. A cytochrome b-like protein that has a sulfur atom ligated to the iron of the prosthetic group (heme-thiolate); enzymes: typically monooxygenases acting on, typically, lipophilic substrates. The characteristic mode of action of these enzymes is not electron transfer (some P450 enzymes probably do not even involve the reversible Fe(II)/Fe(III) equilibrium), but rather oxygen atom transfer.
Catalysis of the reaction: a protein with reduced sulfide groups = a protein with oxidized disulfide bonds.
haem lyase disulphide oxidoreductase activity
heme lyase disulfide oxidoreductase activity
peptide disulfide oxidoreductase activity
peptide disulphide oxidoreductase activity
protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity
protein disulfide-oxidoreductase activity
protein disulphide oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: substrate with reduced sulfide groups = substrate with oxidized disulfide bonds.
glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + electron acceptor = glutathione disulfide + electron donor.
glutathione disulphide oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: oxidized adrenodoxin + NADPH + H+ = reduced adrenodoxin + NADP+.
adrenodoxin-type ferredoxin reductase activity
NADPH:adrenodoxin oxidoreductase activity
obsolete electron transfer flavoprotein, group I
OBSOLETE. An electron transfer flavoprotein that functions as a housekeeping protein that links acyl-CoA dehydrogenase reactions with the respiratory chain, such as in the fatty acid degradation pathway.
obsolete electron transfer flavoprotein, group II
OBSOLETE. An electron transfer flavoprotein that functions as a housekeeping protein that is synthesized only under certain specific growth conditions and receives electrons from the oxidation of specific substrates, e.g. trimethylamine, carnitine and in nitrogen fixation.
trypanothione-disulfide reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + trypanothione = NADPH + H+ + trypanothione disulfide.
N(1),N(8)-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine reductase activity
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine reductase activity
NADPH:trypanothione oxidoreductase activity
trypanothione:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
trypanothione-disulphide reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferrileghemoglobin = NADP+ + 2 ferroleghemoglobin.
NAD(P)H:ferrileghemoglobin oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NAD+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NADH + H+.
dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide--rubredoxin reductase activity
NADH--rubredoxin oxidoreductase activity
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide--rubredoxin reductase activity
rubredoxin--nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NAD(P)+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NAD(P)H + H+.
dinucleotide phosphate reductase activity
NAD(P)H--rubredoxin oxidoreductase activity
NAD(P)--rubredoxin oxidoreductase activity
rubredoxin:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
rubredoxin--nicotinamide adenine activity
rubredoxin--nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NADP+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome c2 = NADP+ + 2 ferrocytochrome c2.
cytochrome c2 reductase (reduced nicotinamide adinine dinucleotide phosphate, NADPH)
NADPH:ferricytochrome-c2 oxidoreductase activity
reductase, cytochrome c2 (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
phthalate dioxygenase reductase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of electrons between pyridine nucleotides (obligatory two-electron carriers) and hemes or (2Fe-2S) centers (obligatory one-electron carriers) in respiration, photosynthesis, and many oxygenase systems.
Catalysis of the reaction: methane + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = methanol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
methane,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
A protein complex that possesses methane monooxygenase activity; dimeric and trimeric complexes have been characterized.
OBSOLETE. Combining with an opioid to initiate a change in cell activity, with the pharmacological characteristics of X-opioid receptors.
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta3-adrenergic receptors.
OBSOLETE. Hydrophobic glycoprotein to which 11-cis-retinal binds as a Schiff base (in rhodopsin) or 3,4-didehydro-11-cis-retinal binds as a Schiff base in cyanopsin and porphyropsin.
Combining with gastrin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with secretin to initiate a change in cell activity.
corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor activity
Combining with the corticotrophin-releasing factor family of ligands, including the urocortins, to initiate a change in cell activity.
A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is activated by cleavage by thrombin, which exposes a tethered ligand corresponding to the new N-terminus, which binds to the receptor and activates it.
thrombin receptor activity, G-protein coupled
obsolete epidermal growth factor-like module containing hormone receptor activity
OBSOLETE. An opsin with maximal absorption above 500 nm.
OBSOLETE. An opsin with maximal absorption below 400 nm.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of alpha-amylase.
Catalysis of the reversible transfer of an amidino group to an acceptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + glycine = L-ornithine + guanidinoacetate.
arginine-glycine amidinotransferase activity
arginine-glycine transamidinase activity
L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase activity
scyllo-inosamine-4-phosphate amidinotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + L-arginine = 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + L-ornithine.
inosamine-phosphate amidinotransferase activity
L-arginine:1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol-4-phosphate amidinotransferase activity
L-arginine:inosamine-P-amidinotransferase activity
L-arginine:inosamine phosphate amidinotransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Acts as to cause injury to other living organisms.
obsolete phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, class I, catalyst activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate.
obsolete phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, class I, regulator activity
The process in which a DNA segment is incorporated into another, usually larger, DNA molecule such as a chromosome.
monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other.
obsolete heavy metal ion transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the directed movement of heavy metal ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Heavy metals are those that can form a coordination bond with a protein, as opposed to an alkali or alkaline-earth metal that can only form an ionic bond; this definition includes the following biologically relevant heavy metals: Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, W, Zn.
proton transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a proton from one side of a membrane to the other.
hydrogen ion transmembrane transporter activity
potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of potassium ions (K+) from one side of a membrane to the other.
potassium uptake transmembrane transporter activity
silver ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of silver (Ag) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of sodium ions (Na+) from one side of a membrane to the other.
aluminum ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of aluminum (Al) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of calcium (Ca) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
cadmium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of cadmium (Cd) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
cobalt ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of cobalt (Co) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
high-affinity copper ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a copper ions (Cu2+) from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity copper ion transmembrane transporter activity
high affinity copper transporter activity
low-affinity ferric iron ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Fe2+(out) = Fe2+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
low affinity iron ion transmembrane transporter activity
ferric iron transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of ferric iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
high-affinity ferric iron transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of ferric iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity ferric uptake transmembrane transporter activity
ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
ferrous iron uptake transmembrane transporter activity
lead ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of lead (Pb) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
magnesium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of magnesium (Mg) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
obsolete manganese resistance permease activity
mercury ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of mercury (Hg) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
molybdate ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of molybdate (MoO4 2-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. Molybdate is the bivalent anion derived from molybdic acid.
nickel cation transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of nickel (Ni) cations from one side of a membrane to the other.
vanadium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of vanadium (V) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
organic cation transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that contain carbon in covalent linkage.
inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of inorganic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
antimonite transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of antimonite from one side of a membrane to the other.
arsenite transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of arsenite from one side of a membrane to the other.
bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of bicarbonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicarbonate is the hydrogencarbonate ion, HCO3-.
chlorate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of chlorate, ClO3-, from one side of a membrane to the other.
chloride transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of chloride ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
ATPase-coupled chloride transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent chloride transmembrane transporter activity
chloride ion transmembrane transporter activity
chromate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of chromate from one side of a membrane to the other. Chromate is the anion of chromic acid, H2CrO4 (aq) or CrO3.
cyanate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.
iodide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of iodide ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
nitrate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of nitrate ions (NO3-) from one side of a membrane to the other.
nitrite transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of nitrite (NO2-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
phosphate ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of phosphate (PO4 3-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
silicate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of silicates from one side of a membrane to the other. Silicates are the salts of silicic acids, and are usually composed of silicon and oxygen (Si[x]O[y]), one or more metals, and possibly hydrogen. Types of silicate include unisilicates, metasilicates and hydrous silicates.
sulfate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of sulfate ions, SO4(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.
thiosulfate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of thiosulfate ions, S2O3(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.
hexose phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of hexose phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Hexose phosphates is any of a group of monophosphorylated aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
phosphoglycerate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of phosphoglycerates from one side of a membrane to the other. Phosphoglycerates are important intermediates in glycolysis and 3-phosphoglycerate is a precursor in serine biosynthesis.
phosphoenolpyruvate:phosphate antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate(out) + phosphate(in) = phosphoenolpyruvate(in) + phosphate(out).
phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator
acetate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetate is the 2-carbon carboxylic acid ethanoic acid.
allantoate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of allantoate from one side of a membrane to the other. Allantoate is the end product of purine metabolism in mammals and some fish, formed form allantoin. It is widely distributed in plants as an important source of stored nitrogen.
bile acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of bile acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activity
The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts out of a hepatocyte and into the bile canaliculus by means of an agent such as a transporter or pore. Bile canaliculi are the thin tubes formed by hepatocyte membranes. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.
bilirubin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of bilirubin from one side of a membrane to the other. Bilirubin is a linear tetrapyrrole produced in the reticuloendothelial system from biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. In the liver, bilirubin is converted to bilirubin bisglucuronide, which is excreted in the bile.
gluconate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of gluconate from one side of a membrane to the other. Gluconate is the aldonic acid derived from glucose.
L-idonate/D-gluconate:hydrogen symporter activity
lactate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of lactate from one side of a membrane to the other. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.
monocarboxylate (lactate, pyruvate, mevalonate) uptake/efflux porter activity
mevalonate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of mevalonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Mevalonate is the anion of mevalonic acid; its (R)-enantiomer is a strategic intermediate derived from hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA in the biosynthesis of polyprenyl compounds.
oxaloacetate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of prostaglandins from one side of a membrane to the other. A prostaglandin is any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.
uronic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of uronic acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Uronic acids are any monocarboxylic acid formally derived by oxidizing to a carboxyl group the terminal hydroxymethylene group of either an aldose with four or more carbon atoms in the molecule, or of any glycoside derived from such an aldose.
hexuronate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of hexuronates from one side of a membrane to the other. A hexuronate is any monocarboxylic acid derived from a hexose by oxidation of C-6.
hexuronide transmembrane transporter activity
glucuronate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of glucuronate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucuronate is the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.
sialic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of sialic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.
citrate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
fumarate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of fumarate from one side of a membrane to the other. Fumarate is a key intermediate in metabolism and is formed in the TCA cycle from succinate and converted into malate.
alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of alpha-ketoglutarate from one side of a membrane to the other. Alpha-ketoglutarate (or oxoglutarate) is a compound with important roles in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, especially in transamination reactions and as a component of the TCA cycle.
malate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of malate from one side of a membrane to the other. Malate is a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid, hydroxybutanedioic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.
succinate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of succinate, the dianion of ethane dicarboxylic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.
tricarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of tricarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Tricarboxylic acid are organic acids with three COOH groups.
urate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of urate from one side of a membrane to the other. Urate is the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.
uric acid transmembrane transporter activity
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of carbohydrate from one side of a membrane to the other.
monosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a monosaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other.
pentose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a pentose sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Pentose is a monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms.
L-arabinose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-arabinose from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabinose occurs free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers and in the combined states, in both furanose and pyranose forms, as a constituent of various plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides, etc.
L-arabinose/beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside:hydrogen antiporter activity
D-xylose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of D-xylose from one side of a membrane to the other. D-xylose (the naturally occurring enantiomer is always D-) is a constituent of plant polysaccharides.
hexose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a hexose sugar, a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms, from one side of a membrane to the other.
fucose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of fucose from one side of a membrane to the other. Fucose is 6-deoxygalactose and has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose.
alpha-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of alpha-glucosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Alpha-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in an alpha configuration.
glucose-6-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of glucose-6-phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucose-6-phosphate is a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.
rhamnose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of rhamnose from one side of a membrane to the other. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.
ATPase-coupled rhamnose transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent rhamnose transmembrane transporter activity
disaccharide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of disaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other.
lactose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of lactose from one side of a membrane to the other. Lactose is a disaccharide 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose, and constitutes roughly 5% of the milk in almost all mammals.
melibiose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of melibiose from one side of a membrane to the other. Melibiose is the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose and occurs as a constituent of the trisaccharide raffinose or in the exudates and nectaries of a number of plants.
oligosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of oligosaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other.
raffinose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of raffinose from one side of a membrane to the other. Raffinose occurs in plants almost as commonly as sucrose and is present in cereal grains, cotton seeds, and many legumes. It is synthesized from sucrose by transfer of a galactopyranoside from myo-inositol.
polysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of polysaccharides from one side of a membrane to the other. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
beta-glucan transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of beta-glucans from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-glucans are compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-glucosidic bonds.
Enables the transbilayer of capsular-polysaccharides (Und-PP-GlcNAc-ManNAcA-Fuc4NAc (lipid III)) from the inner to the outer leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane during the assembly of ECA. Capsular polysaccharides make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
capsular polysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity
capsule polysaccharide transporter activity
undecaprenol-pyrophosphate O-antigen flippase activity
glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a glucuronosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucuronosides are any compound formed by combination of glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound (e.g. an alcohol or a saccharide) with the anomeric carbon atom of glucuronate.
pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars are pyrimidine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
polyol transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a polyol from one side of a membrane to the other. A polyol is any polyhydric alcohol.
arabitol transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of an arabitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabitol is the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.
glycerol transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of glycerol from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.
glycerol-3-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of glycerol-3-phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerol-3-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
propanediol transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of propanediol from one side of a membrane to the other. Propanediol is a sweet colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze and in brake fluid; it is also as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items, although it can be absorbed through the skin with harmful effects.
amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Amino acids are organic molecules that contain an amino group and a carboxyl group.
amino acid/choline transmembrane transporter activity
hydroxy/aromatic amino acid permease activity
acidic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of acidic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Acidic amino acids have side chains with a negative charge at pH 7.3.
aromatic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of aromatic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Aromatic amino acids have an aromatic ring.
aromatic amino acid transporter activity
basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Basic amino acids have side chains with a positive charge at pH 7.3.
cationic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
neutral L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of neutral L-amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Neutral amino acids have side chains with no charge at pH 7.3.
neutral amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Primary function of holins appears to be transport of murein hydrolases across the cytoplasmic membrane to the cell wall of bacteria, where these enzymes hydrolyze the cell wall polymer as a prelude to cell lysis. When chromosomally encoded, these enzymes are therefore autolysins. Holins may also facilitate leakage of electrolytes and nutrients from the cell cytoplasm, thereby promoting cell death. Some catalyze export of nucleases.
L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of an L-amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other. L-amino acids are the L-enantiomers of amino acids.
L-alanine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-alanine is the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.
L-asparagine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-asparagine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-asparagine is the L-enantiomer of alpha-aminosuccinamic acid.
L-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-aspartate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-aspartate is the anion derived from aspartic acid.
L-cystine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-cystine from one side of a membrane to the other.
gamma-aminobutyric acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of gamma-aminobutyric acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Gamma-aminobutyric acid is 4-aminobutyrate (GABA).
L-glutamine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-glutamine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-glutamine is 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.
glycine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of glycine from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycine is aminoethanoic acid.
proline/glycine/betaine:hydrogen/sodium symporter activity
L-isoleucine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-isoleucine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-isoleucine is (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.
L-lysine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-lysine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-lysine is 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
L-leucine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-leucine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-leucine is 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.
L-methionine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-methionine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-methionine is 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.
L-phenylalanine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-phenylalanine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-phenylalanine is 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.
L-proline transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-proline from one side of a membrane to the other. L-proline is pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid.
L-serine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-serine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-serine is the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
L-threonine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-threonine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-threonine is (2R*,3S*)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid.
L-tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.
amino-acid betaine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of betaine from one side of a membrane to the other. Betaine is the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.
betaine transmembrane transporter activity
methylammonium transmembrane transporter activity
Enables directed movement of methylammonium, CH3NH2, from one side of a membrane to the other.
polyamine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of polyamines, organic compounds containing two or more amino groups, from one side of a membrane to the other.
Enables the transfer of urea from one side of a membrane to the other. Urea is the water soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2.
nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acidfrom one side of a membrane to the other.
adenine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of adenine, 6-aminopurine, from one side of a membrane to the other.
guanine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, from one side of a membrane to the other.
cytosine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine from one side of a membrane to the other.
uracil transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, from one side of a membrane to the other.
purine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a purine nucleoside, a purine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, from one side of a membrane to the other.
cytidine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of cytidine, cytosine riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.
uridine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of uridine, uracil riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.
pyrimidine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleoside, a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar from one side of a membrane to the other.
nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a purine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
Enables the transfer of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
pyrimidine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
obsolete protein-DNA complex transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of protein-DNA complexes from one side of a membrane to the other.
choline transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of choline from one side of a membrane to the other. Choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
lipopolysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of lipopolysaccharides from one side of a membrane to the other. A lipopolysaccharide is any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.
obsolete vitamin or cofactor transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the directed transport of vitamins or cofactors into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
biopterin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of biopterin from one side of a membrane to the other. Biopterin is a growth factor for certain protozoans and some insects; it is widely distributed in tissues and functions in a reduced form, tetrahydrobiopterin, as a hydroxylation coenzyme.
biotin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of biotin from one side of a membrane to the other. Biotin is cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.
carnitine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of carnitine across a membrane. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
acyl carnitine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of acyl carnitine from one side of a membrane to the other. Acyl carnitine is the condensation product of a carboxylic acid and carnitine and is the transport form for a fatty acid crossing the mitochondrial membrane.
coenzyme A transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of coenzyme A from one side of a membrane to the other. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
L-ascorbic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-ascorbate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.
Enables the directed movement of flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) from one side of a membrane to the other. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.
flavin adenine dinucleotide carrier activity
flavin-adenine dinucleotide carrier activity
flavin adenine dinucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
flavin-adenine dinucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
5-formyltetrahydrofolate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
5-formyltetrahydrofolate transporter activity
Enables the transfer of heme from one side of a membrane to the other.
pantothenate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of pantothenate across a membrane. Pantothenate is the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid; it is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.
vitamin B5 transmembrane transporter activity
thiamine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of thiamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
thiamine uptake transmembrane transporter activity
thiamin transmembrane transporter activity
obsolete amiloride transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of amiloride from one side of a membrane to the other. Amiloride is a potent and specific inhibitor of sodium ion entry into cells. It is used as a potassium-sparing diuretic.
cycloheximide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of cycloheximide from one side of a membrane to the other. Cycloheximide is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.
fluconazole transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of fluconazole from one side of a membrane to the other. Fluconazole is an antifungal drug used for oral candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis; it is still under study for treatment of vaginal candidiasis and other fungal infections.
fatty acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of fatty acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
Enables the transfer of aminophospholipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP. Aminophospholipids contain phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester and an amino (NH2) group.
aminophospholipid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Sterol are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
Transport systems of this type enable facilitated diffusion of water (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
Enables the facilitated diffusion of a hydrogen ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
Enables the facilitated diffusion of glycerol (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
Enables the facilitated diffusion of propanediol (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
obsolete monocarboxylate channel activity
obsolete amine/amide/polyamine channel activity
Enables the facilitated diffusion of methylammonium (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. Methylammonium is CH3NH2.
Enables the facilitated diffusion of urea (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules.
calcium-activated potassium channel activity
Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of potassium ions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.
outward rectifier potassium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an outwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An outwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the outward flow of K+ ions exceeds the inward flow for the opposite driving force.
ATP-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel, where the inward rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by ATP. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force.
organellar voltage-gated chloride channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. The membrane is an organellar membrane.
organellar voltage-dependent chloride channel activity
organellar voltage gated chloride channel activity
stretch-activated, monoatomic cation-selective, calcium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress in the form of stretching.
stretch-activated, cation-selective, calcium channel activity
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
kainate selective glutamate receptor activity
An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate, acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium and potassium, and for which kainate is an agonist.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion from intracellular stores by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
intracellular ligand-gated calcium channel activity
A ligand-gated ion channel activity which transports calcium in response to emptying of intracellular calcium stores.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
amiloride-sensitive sodium channel activity
obsolete NADPH oxidase-associated cytochrome b558 hydrogen channel activity
obsolete apoptogenic cytochrome c release channel activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: fructose(out) = fructose(in).
Enables the transfer of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, from one side of a membrane to the other. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the transport of electrolytes and other small molecules across a cell membrane. They are synthesized by one cell and secreted for insertion into the membrane of another cell where they form transmembrane pores. They may exert their toxic effects by allowing the free flow of electrolytes and other small molecules across the membrane, or they may allow entry into the target cell cytoplasm of a toxin protein that ultimately kills the cell.
secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy, not direct ATP coupling. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.
electrochemical potential-driven transporter activity
energizer of outer membrane receptor-mediated transport activity
multidrug endosomal transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the transport of a single molecular species across a membrane; transport is independent of the movement of any other molecular species.
Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.
solute:monoatomic cation symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + cation(out) = solute(in) + cation(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + H+(out) = solute(in) + H+(in).
heavy metal ion:hydrogen symporter activity
high affinity metal ion uptake transporter activity
low affinity metal ion uptake transporter activity
monoatomic anion:monoatomic cation symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: anion(out) + cation(out) = anion(in) + cation(in).
Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported in opposite directions in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. The reaction is: solute A(out) + solute B(in) = solute A(in) + solute B(out).
obsolete solute:monoatomic cation antiporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + cation(in) = solute(in) + cation(out).
obsolete solute:proton antiporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + H+(in) = solute(in) + H+(out).
obsolete anion:anion antiporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: anion A(out) + anion B(in) = anion A(in) + anion B(out).
obsolete galactose, glucose uniporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: galactose or glucose(out) = galactose or glucose(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) = glucose(in).
obsolete lactose, galactose:proton symporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (lactose or galactose)(out) + H+(out) = (lactose or galactose)(in) + H+(in).
sialate:monoatomic cation symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sialate(out) + cation(out) = sialate(in) + cation(in).
obsolete drug:proton antiporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + drug(in) = H+(in) + drug(out).
obsolete amiloride:proton antiporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + amiloride(in) = H+(in) + amiloride(out).
cycloheximide:proton antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + cycloheximide(in) = H+(in) + cycloheximide(out).
cycloheximide:hydrogen antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + benomyl(in) = H+(in) + benomyl(out).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + monoamine(in) = H+(in) + monoamine(out).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + polyamine(in) = H+(in) + polyamine(out).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + fluconazole(in) = H+(in) + fluconazole(out).
fluconazole:hydrogen antiporter activity
aminotriazole:proton antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + aminotriazole(in) = H+(in) + aminotriazole(out).
aminotriazole:hydrogen antiporter activity
organophosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: organophosphate(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = organophosphate(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).
obsolete nitrite/nitrate porter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: phosphate(out) + H+(out) = phosphate(in) + H+(in).
inorganic molecular entity transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of an inorganic molecular entity from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell across a membrane. An inorganic molecular entity is a molecular entity that contains no carbon.
inorganic solute uptake transmembrane transporter activity
sodium:inorganic phosphate symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + inorganic phosphate(out) = Na+(in) + inorganic phosphate(in).
secondary active oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of an oligopeptide or oligopeptides from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.
obsolete type V protein secretor activity
peptide-acetyl-CoA secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of peptide-acetyl-CoA from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA(out) + CoA(in) = acetyl-CoA(in) + CoA(out).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cystine(out) + glutamate(in) = cystine(in) + glutamate(out).
cystine secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of cystine from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.
high-affinity glutamine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of glutamine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity glutamine permease activity
high affinity glutamine transmembrane transporter activity
obsolete asparagine/glutamine permease activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the stereospecific transfer of asparagine or glutamine across a biological membrane.
obsolete leucine/valine/isoleucine permease activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: peptide(out) + H+(out) = peptide(in) + H+(in), up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by hydrogen ion movement.
high-affinity oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of oligopeptide from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
high affinity oligopeptide transporter activity
high-affinity oligopeptide transporter activity
obsolete heavy metal ion:hydrogen symporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: Me2+(out) + H+(out) = Me2+(in) + H+(in), where Me2+ is Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+ or Pb2+.
obsolete high affinity metal ion uptake transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: Me2+(out) + H+(out) = Me2+(in) + H+(in). Me can be Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+ or Co2+.
obsolete low affinity metal ion uptake transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: Me2+(out) + H+(out) = Me2+(in) + H+(in). Me can be Mn2+ or Cu2+.
obsolete cobalt, zinc uptake permease activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (Zn2+ or Co2+)(out) = (Zn2+ or Co2+)(in). The activity is driven by proton motive force, possibly by proton symport.
obsolete zinc, cadmium uptake permease activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (Zn2+ or Cd2+)(out) = (Zn2+ or Cd2+)(in). The activity is driven by proton motive force, possibly by proton symport.
zinc efflux active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a zinc ion or zinc ions from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane: Zn2+(out) = Zn2+(in). The activity is driven by proton motive force.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (Zn2+ or Fe2+)(out) = (Zn2+ or Fe2+)(in), probably powered by proton motive force.
siderophore-iron transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: siderophore-iron(out) + H+(out) = siderophore-iron(in) + H+(in).
siderophore transmembrane transporter activity
siderophore uptake transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(out) + H+(out) = siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(in) + H+(in).
ferrioxamine uptake transmembrane transporter activity
siderochrome-iron (ferrioxamine) uptake transporter
siderophore-iron uptake transmembrane transporter activity
ferric enterobactin:proton symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ferric enterobactin(out) + H+(out) = ferric enterobactin(in) + H+(in).
ferric enterobactin:hydrogen symporter activity
ferric-enterobactin:proton symporter activity
ferric triacetylfusarinine C:proton symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ferric triacetylfusarinine C(out) + H+(out) = ferric triacetylfusarinine C(in) + H+(in).
ferric triacetylfusarinine C:hydrogen symporter activity
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium independent manner.
obsolete prostaglandin/thromboxane transporter activity
thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of thyroid hormones from one side of a membrane to the other. Thyroid hormone are any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
methotrexate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of methotrexate, 4-amino-10-methylformic acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Methotrexate is a folic acid analogue and a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.
bilirubin secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of bilirubin from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.
obsolete secondary active sterol transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of sterol from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.
secondary active monocarboxylate transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the movement of a monocarboxylate, any compound containing a single carboxyl group (COOH or COO-), by uniport, symport or antiport across a membrane by a carrier-mediated mechanism.
obsolete monocarboxylate (lactate, pyruvate, mevalonate) uptake/efflux porter activity
obsolete amino acid/choline transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + H+(out) = acetate(in) + H+(in).
low-affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
low affinity sodium:dicarboxylate cotransporter activity
low affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity
high-affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity sodium:dicarboxylate cotransporter activity
high affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity
obsolete dicarboxylate (succinate/fumarate/malate) antiporter activity
dicarboxylate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = dicarboxylate(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + H+(out) = malate(in) + H+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: oxoglutarate(out) + malate(in) = oxoglutarate(in) + malate(out).
calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + cation(out) = Ca2+(out) + cation(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + H+(out) = Ca2+(out) + H+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + Na+(out) = solute(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in).
obsolete glutamate/aspartate:sodium symporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (glutamate or aspartate)(out) + Na+(out) = (glutamate or aspartate)(in) + Na+(in).
monoatomic anion:sodium symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monoatomic anion(out) + Na+(out) = monoatomic anion(in) + Na+(in).
monovalent anion:sodium symporter activity
neutral, basic amino acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neutral/basic amino acid(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = neutral/basic amino acid(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).
neutral, cationic amino acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine(out) + Na+(out) = glycine(in) + Na+(in).
obsolete betaine/GABA:sodium symporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (betaine or gamma-aminobutyric acid)(out) + Na+(out) = (betaine or gamma-aminobutyric acid)(in) + Na+(in).
chloride:monoatomic cation symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cation(out) + Cl-(out) = cation(in) + Cl-(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = Na+(in) + Cl-(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + Cl-(out) = K+(in) + Cl-(in).
high-affinity sulfate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the secondary active high affinity transfer of sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other. Secondary active transport is the transfer of a solute across a membrane, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind thesolute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity sulfate transmembrane transporter activity
high affinity sulphate permease activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + Na+(out) = sulfate(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + bicarbonate(in) = sulfate(in) + bicarbonate(out).
sulphate:bicarbonate antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).
pH-dependent sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
pH-dependent sodium:proton antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(in) + H+(out) = K+(out) + H+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + H+(out) = K+(in) + H+(in).
pyrimidine- and adenosine-specific:sodium symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (pyrimidine nucleoside or adenosine)(out) + Na+(out) = (pyrimidine nucleoside or adenosine)(in) + Na+(in).
pyrimidine- and adenine-specific:sodium symporter activity
purine-specific nucleoside:sodium symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: purine(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in).
nucleobase:monoatomic cation symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleobase(out) + cation(out) = nucleobase(in) + cation(in).
obsolete uracil/uridine permease activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: uridine(out) + H+(out) = uridine(in) + H+(in).
nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity, down a concentration gradient
Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, from one side of a membrane to the other, down the concentration gradient.
equilibrative nucleoside transmembrane transporter, nitrobenzyl-thioinosine-insensitive activity
equilibrative nucleoside transmembrane transporter, nitrobenzyl-thioinosine-sensitive activity
equilibrative nucleoside transporter activity
high-affinity secondary active ammonium transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity secondary active ammonium transmembrane transporter activity
primary active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is powered by a primary energy source. Primary energy sources known to be coupled to transport are chemical such as ATP hydrolysis, redox energy and photon energy.
low-affinity secondary active ammonium transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
low affinity ammonium transmembrane transporter activity
low affinity secondary active ammonium transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: urea(out) + Na+(out) = urea(in) + Na+(in).
urea active transmembrane transporter activity
obsolete ABC-type uptake permease activity
ABC-type monosaccharide transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + monosaccharide(out) = ADP + phosphate + monosaccharide(in). Ribose, xylose, arabinose, galactose and methylgalactoside are imported.
ATPase-coupled monosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent monosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity
monosaccharide-importing ATPase activity
monosaccharide-transporting ATPase activity
ABC-type ferric iron transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Fe3+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Fe3+(in).
ATPase-coupled ferric iron transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mn2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Mn2+(in).
ATPase-coupled manganese transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent manganese transmembrane transporter activity
manganese transmembrane transporter activity, phosphorylative mechanism
ABC-type taurine transporter transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + taurine(out) = ADP + phosphate + taurine(in).
ATPase-coupled taurine transporter activity
ATP-dependent taurine transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + molybdate(out) = ADP + phosphate + molybdate(in).
ATPase-coupled molybdate transmembrane transporter activity
molybdate transmembrane-transporting ATPase activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ni2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Ni2+(in).
ATPase-coupled nickel transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent nickel transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + nitrate(out) = ADP + phosphate + nitrate(in).
ATPase-coupled nitrate transmembrane transporter activity
nitrate transmembrane-transporting ATPase activity
ATPase-coupled phosphate ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + phosphate(out) = ADP + phosphate + phosphate(in).
ATP phosphohydrolase (phosphate-importing)
phosphate ion transmembrane-transporting ATPase activity
ABC-type phosphonate transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + phosphonate(out) = ADP + phosphate + phosphonate(in). A phosphonate is any salt, anion, or ester of phosphonic acid (HPO(OH)2).
alkylphosphonate ABC transporter activity
alkylphosphonate transmembrane transporter activity
alkylphosphonate transmembrane-transporting ATPase activity
ATPase-coupled alkylphosphonate transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled organic phosphonate transmembrane transporter activity
ATP phosphohydrolase (phosphonate-transporting)
organic phosphonate transmembrane transporter activity
organic phosphonate transmembrane-transporting ATPase activity
phosphonate transporting ATPase activity
phosphonate-transporting ATPase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + polyamine(out) = ADP + phosphate + polyamine(in).
ATPase-coupled polyamine transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled spermidine transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent polyamine transmembrane transporter activity
ABC-type quaternary ammonium compound transporting activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + quaternary ammonium(out) = ADP + H+ + phosphate + quaternary ammonium(in).
ATPase-coupled quaternary ammonium compound transmembrane transporting activity
ATP-dependent quaternary-ammonium compound transmembrane transporting activity
quaternary-amine-transporting ATPase activity
quaternary amine uptake transporter activity
quaternary-ammonium-compound ABC transporter
quaternary-ammonium-compound-transporting ATPase activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + sulfate(out) = ADP + phosphate + sulfate(in).
ATPase-coupled sulfate transmembrane transporter activity
sulfate transmembrane-transporting ATPase activity
ABC-type vitamin B12 transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: vitamin B12(out) + ATP + H2O = ADP + an vitamin B12(in) + H+ + phosphate. Vitamin B12 is alkylcob(III)alamin.
ATPase-coupled cobalamin transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled vitamin B12 transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent cobalamin transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent vitamin B12 transmembrane transporter activity
vitamin B12-transporting ATPase activity
ABC-type oligopeptide transporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligopeptide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligopeptide(in).
ATPase-coupled oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity
oligopeptide-transporting ATPase activity
ABC-type oligosaccharide transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligosaccharide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligosaccharide(in).
ATPase-coupled oligosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent oligosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity
oligosaccharide-transporting ATPase activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + maltose(out) = ADP + phosphate + maltose(in).
ATPase-coupled maltose transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent maltose transmembrane transporter activity
maltooligosaccharide-importing ATPase activity
ABC-type amino acid transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + amino acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + amino acid(in/out).
ATPase-coupled amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled nonpolar-amino acid transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + nonpolar amino acid(out) = ADP + phosphate + nonpolar amino acid(in).
ATP-dependent nonpolar-amino acid transporter activity
nonpolar amino acid-transporting ATPase activity
nonpolar-amino acid-transporting ATPase activity
nonpolar-amino-acid-transporting ATPase activity
ATPase-coupled polar amino acid-transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + polar amino acid(out) = ADP + phosphate + polar amino acid(in).
ATP-dependent polar amino acid-transporter activity
polar amino acid-importing ATPase activity
polar-amino acid-importing ATPase activity
polar-amino acid-transporting ATPase activity
polar-amino-acid-transporting ATPase activity
polar amino acid uptake transporter activity
obsolete ABC-type efflux porter activity
obsolete type I protein secretor activity
obsolete peroxisomal fatty acyl transporter
ABC-type glycerol-3-phosphate transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + glycerol-3-phosphate(out) = ADP + phosphate + glycerol-3-phosphate(in).
ABC-type glycerol 3-phosphate transporter
ATPase-coupled glycerol-2-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled glycerol-3-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent glycerol-2-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
glycerol-2-phosphate-transporting ATPase activity
glycerol-3-phosphate-transporting ATPase
glycerol phosphate-importing ATPase activity
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + glutathione S-conjugate(in) -> ADP + phosphate + glutathione S-conjugate(out).
ATPase-coupled glutathione S-conjugate transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump
glutathione S-conjugate-exporting ATPase activity
glutathione S-conjugate-transporting ATPase activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(in) + ATP + H2O -> bile acid(out) + ADP + phosphate.
ATPase-coupled bile acid transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent bile acid transmembrane transporter activity
ABC-type peptide antigen transporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: peptide antigen(in) + ATP = peptide antigen(out) + ADP + phosphate.
ATPase-coupled peptide antigen transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent peptide antigen transmembrane transporter activity
major histocompatibility peptide transporter activity
peptide antigen-transporting ATPase activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cd (cytosol) = ADP + phosphate + Cd (vacuole).
ATPase-coupled cadmium transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent cadmium transmembrane transporter activity
obsolete ABC-type efflux permease activity
ABC-type capsular-polysaccharide transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + capsular polysaccharide(in) = ADP + phosphate + capsular polysaccharide(out).
ATPase-coupled capsular-polysaccharide transporter activity
ATP-dependent capsular-polysaccharide transporter activity
ATP phosphohydrolase (capsular-polysaccharide-exporting)
capsular-polysaccharide-transporting ATPase activity
Enables the transfer of a lipopolysaccharide from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
ATPase-coupled intramembrane lipopolysaccharide transporter activity
ATP-dependent intramembrane lipopolysaccharide transporter activity
lipopolysaccharide floppase activity (cytosolic to exoplasmic leaftlet)
lipopolysaccharide-transporting ATPase activity
ABC-type teichoic acid transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + teichoic acid(in) = ADP + phosphate + teichoic acid(out).
ATPase-coupled teichoic acid transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent teichoic acid transmembrane transporter activity
teichoic acid transmembrane transporter activity
teichoic-acid-transporting ATPase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + heme(in) = ADP + phosphate + heme(out).
ATPase-coupled heme transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled heme transporter activity
ATP-dependent heme transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + peptide(in) = ADP + phosphate + peptide(out). Peptides exported include alpha-hemolysin, cyclolysin, colicin V and siderophores from Gram-negative bacteria, and bacteriocin, subtilin, competence factor and pediocin from Gram-positive bacteria.
ATPase-coupled peptide transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent peptide transmembrane transporter activity
ABC-type beta-glucan transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + beta-glucan(in) = ADP + phosphate + beta-glucan(out).
ATPase-coupled beta-glucan transporter activity
ATP-dependent beta-glucan transporter activity
beta-glucan-transporting ATPase activity
obsolete hydrogen-/sodium-translocating ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + (Na+ or H+)(in) = ADP + phosphate + (Na+ or H+)(out).
obsolete sodium-transporting two-sector ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mg2+(out) -> ADP + phosphate + Mg2+(in).
magnesium-translocating P-type ATPase activity
magnesium transmembrane transporter activity, phosphorylative mechanism
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ag+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Ag+(out).
silver transmembrane transporter activity, phosphorylative mechanism
ATPase-coupled arsenite transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + arsenite(in) = ADP + phosphate + arsenite(out).
arsenite-transmembrane transporting ATPase activity
obsolete type II protein secretor activity
obsolete type III protein (virulence-related) secretor activity
obsolete type IV protein (DNA-protein) secretor activity
Primary active carrier-mediated transport of a protein across a membrane, driven by the hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond of inorganic pyrophosphate, ATP, or another nucleoside triphosphate. The transport protein may or may not be transiently phosphorylated, but the substrate is not phosphorylated.
P-P-bond-hydrolysis-driven protein transmembrane transporter activity
decarboxylation-driven active transmembrane transporter activity
Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane driven by decarboxylation of a cytoplasmic substrate. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.
methyl transfer-driven active transmembrane transporter activity
Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane driven by a methyl transfer reaction. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.
oxidoreduction-driven active transmembrane transporter activity
Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane, driven by exothermic flow of electrons from a reduced substrate to an oxidized substrate. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.
light-driven active monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity
Active transport of an ion across a membrane, driven by light.
light-driven active ion transmembrane transporter activity
light-driven active transmembrane transporter activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of a potassium channel.
obsolete endosomal oligosaccharide transporter
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + protein(out) = ADP + phosphate + protein(in).
ABC-type protein transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled protein transmembrane transporter activity
protein-transmembrane transporting ATPase activity
Combining with an acetylcholine receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
OBSOLETE. An agent that can lyse the cell in which it is synthesized.
G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel, where the inward rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by a G protein. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force.
G protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
G-protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
G protein enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
G-protein enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
G-protein-enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
OBSOLETE. Plasmid-encoded bacteriocins which are produced by enteric bacteria. Exert a lethal effect on other bacteria including E. coli strains that lack the Col plasmid. Bind to a cell surface receptor and are transported into the periplasm via an energy-dependent process involving a TonB- or TolA-dependent hetero-oligomeric protein complex. Some colicins kill their target cell by inserting into the cytoplasmic membrane where they form voltage-sensitive (trans-negative) channels that depolarize and deenergize the cell, and thereby kill it.
OBSOLETE. A toxin that exerts its effects by forming a channel in a membrane that allows the unregulated passage of substances into and out of the cell.
OBSOLETE. Polypeptide antibiotic secreted by bacteria and able to kill bacteria of susceptible strains after absorption by specific cell surface receptor.
nucleoside-specific channel forming porin activity
Enables the energy independent passage of nucleoside, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.
obsolete fimbrium-specific chaperone activity
OBSOLETE. Assists in the correct assembly of fimbria, extracellular organelles that are used to attach a bacterial cell to a surface, but is not a component of the fimbrium when performing its normal biological function.
A porin that acts in the assembly of fimbria together with fimbrial chaperone.
Transports a passenger protein from the periplasm to the external milieu; the passenger protein and the porin are the N- and C-terminal regions of the same protein, respectively.
Enables the transfer of adhesin from the periplasm to the external milieu; the adhesin and the porin are the N- and C-terminal regions of the same protein, respectively.
Enables the transfer of hemaglutinin from the periplasm to the external milieu; the hemaglutinin and the porin are the N- and C-terminal regions of the same protein, respectively.
OBSOLETE. A porin of the bacterial outer membrane that forms transmembrane pores and transports relatively large molecules from the external milieu to the periplasm in an energized process. Energizing of transport across the outer membrane requires a heterotrimeric complex of proteins, the TonB-ExbB-ExbD complex, or in some cases, the TolA-TolQ-TolR complex. Energizing requires proton motive force across the cytoplasmic membrane.
oligosaccharide transporting porin activity
Enables the transfer of oligosaccharide, sized less than 1000 Da, from one side of a membrane to the other. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.
OBSOLETE. Secretins are Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane proteins that form multimeric pores through which macromolecules, usually proteins, can pass. Form homomultimeric ring structures, 10-20 subunits per complex, with large central pores (inner diameters of 5-10 nm).
Enables the transfer of maltose from one side of a membrane to the other. Maltose is the disaccharide 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose, an intermediate in the enzymatic breakdown of glycogen and starch. This transporter is a porin so enables the energy independent passage of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.
obsolete voltage-gated anion channel porin activity
long-chain fatty acid transporting porin activity
Enables the transfer of a long-chain fatty acid from one side of a membrane to the other. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons. This transporter is a porin and so enables the energy independent passage of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.
OBSOLETE. Any substance that causes the lysis of red blood cells.
Binding to cholesterol (cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol); the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
glycoside-pentoside-hexuronide:cation symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (glycoside, pentoside or hexuronide)(out) + monovalent cation(out) = (glycoside, pentoside or hexuronide)(in) + monovalent cation(in). The cation is Na+, Li+ or H+.
melibiose:monoatomic cation symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + monovalent cation(out) = melibiose(in) + monovalent cation(in).
melibiose:monovalent cation symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucuronide(out) + monovalent cation(out) = glucuronide(in) + monovalent cation(in).
glucuronide:monovalent cation symporter activity
putrescine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of putrescine from one side of a membrane to the other. Putrescine is 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
obsolete cation:cation antiporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cation A(out) + cation B(in) = cation A(in) + cation B(out).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: phenylalanine(out) + H+(out) = phenylalanine(in) + H+(in).
phenylalanine:hydrogen symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: lysine(out) + H+(out) = lysine(in) + H+(in).
aromatic amino acid:proton symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: aromatic amino acid(out) + H+(out) = aromatic amino acid(in) + H+(in).
aromatic amino acid:hydrogen symporter activity
gamma-aminobutyric acid:proton symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + H+(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + H+(in).
4-aminobutanoate:hydrogen symporter activity
4-aminobutanoate:proton symporter activity
4-aminobutyrate:hydrogen symporter activity
4-aminobutyrate:proton symporter activity
gamma-aminobutyric acid:hydrogen symporter activity
gamma-aminobutyric acid permease activity
putrescine:ornithine antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: putrescine(out) + ornithine(in) = putrescine(in) + ornithine(out).
putrescine/ornithine antiporter activity
putrescine-ornithine antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: pantothenate(out) + Na+(out) = pantothenate(in) + Na+(in).
formate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of formate from one side of a membrane to the other. Formate is also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.
formate uptake transmembrane transporter activity
obsolete threonine/serine:sodium symporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (threonine or serine)(out) + Na+(out) = (threonine or serine)(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glutamate(out) + Na+(out) = glutamate(in) + Na+(in).
sodium/excitatory glutamate cotransporter activity
sodium/excitatory glutamate symporter activity
glutathione-regulated potassium exporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(in) + H+(out) = K+(out) + H+(in), where glutathione maintains the closed state.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cytosine(out) + H+(out) = cytosine(in) + H+(in).
cytosine:hydrogen ion symporter activity
uracil:monoatomic cation symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: uracil(out) + cation(out) = uracil(in) + cation(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleoside(out) + H+(out) = nucleoside(in) + H+(in).
nucleoside:hydrogen ion symporter activity
obsolete hydroxy/aromatic amino acid permease activity
OBSOLETE. Permease for hydroxy and aromatic amino acids.
high-affinity secondary active nitrite transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the transfer of nitrite from one side of the membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. In high affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
nitrite efflux transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of nitrite from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: citrate(out) + succinate(in) = citrate(in) + succinate(out).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: tartrate(out) + succinate(in) = tartrate(in) + succinate(out).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose(out) + H+(out) = galactose(in) + H+(in).
lactose, galactose:hydrogen symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: arabinose(out) + H+(out) = arabinose(in) + H+(in).
arabinose efflux transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-xylose(out) + H+(out) = D-xylose(in) + H+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + tetracycline(in) = H+(in) + tetracycline(out).
tetracyclin:hydrogen antiporter activity
tetracycline:hydrogen antiporter activity
obsolete bicyclomycin/sulfathiazole:hydrogen antiporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (bicyclomycin or sulfathiazole)(in) + H+(out) = (bicyclomycin or sulfathiazole)(out) + H+(in).
obsolete hydrophobic uncoupler:proton antiporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hydrophobic uncoupler(in) + H+(out) = hydrophobic uncoupler(out) + H+(in). Hydrophobic uncouplers include CCCP, benzalkonium and SDS.
obsolete L-arabinose/beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside:hydrogen antiporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: H+(out) + (L-arabinose or beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside)(in) = H+(in) + (L-arabinose or beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside)(out).
obsolete carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone/nalidixic acid/organomercurials:hydrogen antiporter activity
hexose-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose phosphate(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = hexose phosphate(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).
glycerol-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycerol phosphate(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = glycerol phosphate(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: lactose(out) + H+(out) = lactose(in) + H+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: raffinose(out) + H+(out) = raffinose(in) + H+(in).
shikimate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of shikimate from one side of a membrane to the other. Shikimate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: citrate(out) + H+(out) = citrate(in) + H+(in).
alpha-ketoglutarate:proton symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alpha-ketoglutarate(out) + H+(out) = alpha-ketoglutarate(in) + H+(in).
2-oxoglutarate:hydrogen symporter activity
2-oxoglutarate:proton symporter activity
alpha-ketoglutarate:hydrogen symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: shikimate(out) + H+(out) = shikimate(in) + H+(in).
obsolete proline/glycine/betaine:hydrogen/sodium symporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (proline, glycine or betaine)(out) + (H+ or Na+)(out) = (proline, glycine or betaine)(in) + (H+ or Na+)(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: fucose(out) + H+(out) = fucose(in) + H+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: xanthosine(out) + H+(out) = xanthosine(in) + H+(in).
xanthosine:hydrogen ion symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sialate(out) + H+(out) = sialate(in) + H+(in).
hexuronate:monoatomic cation symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexuronate(out) + cation(out) = hexuronate(in) + cation(in). The hexuronate may be glucuronate or galacturonate.
hexuronate (glucuronate/galacturonate) porter activity
3-hydroxyphenyl propionate:proton symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate(out) + H+(out) = 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate(in) + H+(in).
3-hydroxyphenyl propionate:hydrogen ion symporter activity
3-hydroxyphenyl propionate porter activity
secondary active cyanate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of cyanate from one side of a membrane to the other.
obsolete lactose/glucose efflux transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: glucose or lactose(in) = glucose or lactose(out).
Enables the transfer of phenyl propionate from one side of a membrane to the other.
bicyclomycin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of bicyclomycin from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicyclomycin (or bicozamycin) is an antibacterial drug often used as a livestock feed additive.
bicyclomycin/sulfathiazole:hydrogen antiporter activity
sulfathiazole transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of sulfathiazole from one side of a membrane to the other. Sulfathiazole is an antibacterial agent of the sulfonamide group.
obsolete nalidixic acid transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of nalidixic acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Nalidixic acid is a synthetic antibiotic that interferes with DNA gyrase and inhibits prokaryotic replication.
organomercurial transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of organomercurial compounds from one side of a membrane to the other. Organomercurial substances are any organic compound containing a mercury atom.
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone/nalidixic acid/organomercurials:hydrogen antiporter activity
obsolete carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone from one side of a membrane to the other. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone is a proton ionophore, commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.
galacturonate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of galacturonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Galacturonate is the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.
3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of 3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate from one side of a membrane to the other.
3-hydroxyphenyl propionate transmembrane transporter activity
propionate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of propionate from one side of a membrane to the other. Propionate (or propanoate) is the organic acid CH3-CH2-COOH.
xanthosine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of xanthosine, xanthine riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.
tartrate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of tartrate from one side of a membrane to the other. Tartrate is the anion of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, one of the aldaric acids. The L(+) enantiomer occurs widely in plants, especially in grape juice, and in fungi and bacteria.
C4-dicarboxylate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of C4-dicarboxylate from one side of a membrane to the other.
secondary active p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate is the anion of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamic acid.
p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity
p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transporter activity
p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate uptake permease activity
p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate uptake transmembrane transporter activity
obsolete L-idonate/D-gluconate:hydrogen symporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (L-idonate or D-gluconate)(out) + H+(out) = (L-iodonate or D-gluconate)(in) + H+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: rhamnose(out) + H+(out) = rhamnose(in) + H+(in).
efflux transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
threonine efflux transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of threonine from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
obsolete acriflavine transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the directed movement of acriflavin from one side of a membrane to the other. Acriflavin is a fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.
alkane transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of alkanes from one side of a membrane to the other. Alkanes are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds.
L-idonate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-idonate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-idonate is an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.
N-acetylgalactosamine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. N-acetylgalactosamine, 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose, is the n-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.
N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. The D isomer of N-acetylglucosamine is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.
D-GlcNAc transmembrane transporter activity
N-acetylchitosamine transmembrane transporter activity
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine transmembrane transporter activity
beta-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of beta-glucosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in a beta configuration.
trehalose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of trehalose from one side of a membrane to the other. Trehalose is the disaccharide alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside that acts of a reserve carbohydrate in certain fungi, algae and lichens.
mannitol transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of mannitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Mannitol is the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
sorbitol transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of sorbitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of glucose.
galactitol transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a galactitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Galactitol is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.
mannose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of mannose from one side of a membrane to the other. Mannose is the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.
obsolete beta-glucoside [arbutin-salicin-cellobiose] permease activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + beta-glucoside(out) = protein histidine + beta-glucoside phosphate(in). The beta-glucoside may be arbutin, salicin or cellobiose.
D-ribose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of D-ribose from one side of a membrane to the other. As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose group of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12.
methylgalactoside transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of methylgalactoside from one side of a membrane to the other. Methylgalactoside is a compound in which the H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by a methyl group.
allose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of allose from one side of a membrane to the other. Allose is an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.
ABC-type putrescine transporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + putrescine(out) -> ADP + phosphate + putrescine(in).
ATPase-coupled putrescine transmembrane transporter activity
obsolete glycine betaine/proline porter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + quaternary amine(out) = ADP + phosphate + quaternary amine(in).
obsolete histidine/arginine/lysine/ornithine porter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + polar amino acid(out) = ADP + phosphate + polar amino acid(in).
ATPase-coupled L-glutamine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + glutamine(out) -> ADP + phosphate + glutamine(in).
ATPase-coupled glutamine transmembrane transporter activity
obsolete glutamate/aspartate porter activity
obsolete cystine/diaminopimelate porter activity
obsolete leucine/isoleucine/valine porter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + nonpolar amino acid(out) = ADP + phosphate + nonpolar amino acid(in).
iron chelate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of an iron chelate from one side of a membrane to the other. An iron chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.
organophosphate ester transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of organophosphate esters from one side of a membrane to the other. Organophosphate esters are small organic molecules containing phosphate ester bonds.
spermidine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, from one side of a membrane to the other.
ABC-type fatty-acyl-CoA transporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction ATP + H2O + fatty acyl CoA(Side 1) <=> ADP + phosphate + fatty acyl CoA(Side 2). A fatty acyl CoA group is any acyl group derived from a fatty acid with a coenzyme A group attached to it.
ATPase-coupled fatty-acyl-CoA transmembrane transporter activity
fatty-acyl-CoA transmembrane transporter activity
carbohydrate-importing ABC transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + carbohydrate(out) -> ADP + phosphate + carbohydrate(in).
carbohydrate uptake transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-ribose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-ribose(in).
ABC-type L-arabinose transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + L-arabinose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + L-arabinose(in).
obsolete galactose/glucose (methylgalactoside) porter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-xylose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-xylose(in).
ATPase-coupled D-xylose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-allose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-allose(in).
Generation of movement along a single- or double-stranded DNA molecule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
obsolete pilin/fimbrilin exporter activity
ferric-enterobactin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of ferric-enterobactin from one side of a membrane to the other.
ferric triacetylfusarinine C transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of ferric triacetylfusarinine C from one side of a membrane to the other.
ABC-type ferric-enterobactin transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ferric-enterobactin(out) = ADP + phosphate + ferric-enterobactin(in).
ATPase-coupled ferric-enterobactin transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent ferric-enterobactin transmembrane transporter activity
ferric-enterobactin-transporting ATPase activity
ABC-type ferric hydroxamate transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ferric-hydroxamate(out) = ADP + phosphate + ferric-hydroxamate(in).
ATPase-coupled ferric-hydroxamate transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled iron-chelate transporter activity
ATP-dependent ferric-hydroxamate transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent iron-chelate transporter activity
ferric-hydroxamate transmembrane transporter activity
ferric-hydroxamate-transporting ATPase activity
iron-chelate-transporting ATPase activity
L-diaminopimelate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-diaminopimelate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-diaminopimelate is the L-enantiomer anion of 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid.
type II protein secretion system complex
A large protein complex, containing 12-15 subunits, that spans the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria and mediates the movement of proteins into the extracellular environment. The complex includes a component in the cytoplasm, an inner membrane subcomplex that reaches into the periplasmic compartment and a secretion pore in the outer membrane. Proteins using the Type II pathway are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane by the Sec or Tat complex.
general secretion pathway-associated complex
Sec-dependent secretion system-associated complex
protein secretion by the type II secretion system
The process in which proteins are secreted across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria by the type II secretion system. Proteins using this pathway are first translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane via the Sec or Tat pathways.
protein secretion by the general secretion pathway
protein secretion by the general secretory pathway
protein secretion by the type II protein secretion system
The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.
The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins.
Binding to monomeric or multimeric forms of tubulin, including microtubules.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Zn2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Zn2+(in).
ATPase-coupled zinc transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent zinc transmembrane transporter activity
obsolete lipopolysaccharide exporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of lipopolysaccharide from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane. A lipopolysaccharide is any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.
short-chain fatty acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of short-chain fatty acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A short-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.
short-chain fatty acid transporter activity
short-chain fatty acid uptake transporter activity
microcin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a microcin from one side of a membrane to the other.
peptidoglycan peptide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of peptidoglycan peptides from one side of a membrane to the other. Peptidoglycan peptides are the oligopeptides found in peptidoglycan networks which cross-link the polysaccharide chains.
OBSOLETE. Acts as to cause lysis of bacterial cells.
Binding to a toxic substance, a poisonous substance that causes damage to biological systems.
OBSOLETE. Binds to a lipoprotein toxin, which is usually derived from a microorganism, thereby neutralizing it.
Catalysis of the ligation of a fatty acid to an acceptor, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.
fatty acyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity
peptidoglycan transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of peptidoglycans, a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls, from one side of a membrane to the other.
lipid-linked peptidoglycan transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of lipid-linked peptidoglycans into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
lipid-linked murein transporter activity
2-keto-3-deoxygluconate:proton symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate(out) + H+(out) = 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate(in) + H+(in).
2-keto-3-deoxygluconate:hydrogen symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: lactate (out) + H+ (out) = lactate (in) + H+ (in).
quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of quaternary ammonium groups from one side of a membrane to the other. Quaternary ammonium groups are any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups.
quaternary amine transmembrane transporter activity
quaternary ammonium compound transporter activity
quaternary ammonium group:proton symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: quaternary ammonium group(out) + H+(out) = quaternary ammonium group(in) + H+(in).
quaternary ammonium group:hydrogen symporter activity
glycine betaine:proton symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine betaine(out) + H+(out) = glycine betaine(in) + H+(in).
glycine betaine:hydrogen symporter activity
tellurite transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of tellurite from one side of a membrane to the other. Tellurite is a salt of tellurous acid or an oxide of tellurium which occurs sparingly in tufts of white or yellowish crystals.
tellurite-resistance uptake permease activity
tellurite-resistance uptake transmembrane transporter activity
tellurite uptake transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alanine(out) + Na+(out) = alanine(in) + Na+(in).
branched-chain amino acid:sodium symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: branched-chain amino acid(out) + cation(out) = branched-chain amino acid(in) + cation(in).
branched-chain amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of branched-chain amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Branched-chain amino acids are amino acids with a branched carbon skeleton without rings.
branched-chain aliphatic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
branched-chain aliphatic amino acid transporter activity
formate efflux transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of formate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
L-lysine efflux transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-lysine from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
L-lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid efflux transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of ions across a membrane. The reaction is characterized by the transient formation of a high-energy aspartyl-phosphoryl-enzyme intermediate.
ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions, phosphorylative mechanism
ion transmembrane transporter activity, phosphorylative mechanism
nicotinamide mononucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of nicotinamide mononucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a ribonucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of d-ribose. It is a constituent of NAD and NADP.
nicotinamide mononucleotide permease activity
nicotinamide ribonucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
alcohol transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of an alcohol from one side of a membrane to the other. An alcohol is any carbon compound that contains a hydroxyl group.
restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
Catalysis of endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site-specific manner, resulting in double-strand breaks.
site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (cytosine-N4-specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA cytosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA N4-methylcytosine.
DNA[cytosine-N4]methyltransferase activity
N(4)-cytosine-specific DNA methylase activity
N4-cytosine-specific DNA methylase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:DNA-cytosine 4-N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:DNA-cytosine N4-methyltransferase activity
type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. ATP hydrolysis is required. Cleavage is dependent on the presence of two copies of a specific recognition sequence in an inverse orientation in the DNA. Cleavage occurs at a specific distance from one of the recognition sites.
The directed movement of substances that are gaseous in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of carbon dioxide (CO2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of oxygen (O2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of silver (Ag) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of nickel (Ni) cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of vanadium (V) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of copper ions into a cell or organelle.
The directed movement of copper ions across the plasma membrane.
protein maturation by copper ion transfer
A process that contributes to the delivery of copper ions to a target protein.
A process in which ferric-enterobactin, the iron-bound form of the siderophore enterobactin, is transported into the cell by specific cell surface receptors.
ferric triacetylfusarinine C import into cell
The directed movement of ferric triacetylfusarinine C into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A process in which ferric-hydroxamate, the iron-bound form of the iron chelator hydroxamate, is transported into the cell by specific cell surface receptors.
The directed movement of molybdate (MoO4 2-) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Molybdate is the bivalent anion derived from molybdic acid.
The directed movement of aluminum (Al) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of cadmium (Cd) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of lead (Pb) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of magnesium (Mg) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of mercury (Hg) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.
The directed movement into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore of quaternary ammonium compounds, any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups.
The directed movement of inorganic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
The directed movement of antimonite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of arsenite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of bicarbonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of chlorate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of chromate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of iodide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of nitrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of nitrite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
silicic acid import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of silicates from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. Silicates are the salts of silicic acids, and are usually composed of silicon and oxygen (Si[x]O[y]), one or more metals, and possibly hydrogen. Types of silicate include unisilicates, metasilicates and hydrous silicates.
The directed movement of thiosulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of tellurite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.
The directed movement of hexose phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
phosphoglycerate transmembrane transport
The process in which phosphoglycerate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of phosphoenolpyruvate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of nucleotide sulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of phosphonates into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A phosphonate is any salt, anion, or ester of phosphonic acid (HPO(OH)2).
The directed movement of triose phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of allantoate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Enables the transfer of bile acid from one side of a hepatocyte plasma membrane into a bile canaliculus. Bile canaliculi are the thin tubes formed by hepatocyte membranes. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.
The directed movement of bilirubin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of formate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which L-idonate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. L-idonate is an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.
The directed movement of lactate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.
The directed movement of mevalonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of propionate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of prostaglandins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which shikimate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of taurine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which uronic acid is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The process in which hexuronate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. A hexuronate is any monocarboxylic acid derived from a hexose by oxidation of C-6.
The process in which galacturonate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The process in which glucuronate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of sialic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of a C4-dicarboxylate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A C4-dicarboxylate is the anion of a dicarboxylic acid that contains four carbon atoms.
The directed movement of fumarate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of alpha-ketoglutarate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate/malate transport
The directed movement of malate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of succinate, the dianion of ethane dicarboxylic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which tartrate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of urate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of organophosphate esters into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organophosphate esters are small organic molecules containing phosphate ester bonds.
The process in which a monosaccharide is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.
The process in which pentose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. A pentose is any aldose with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
The process in which arabinose, a pentose monosaccharide that occurs in both D and L configurations, is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The process in which D-ribose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose group of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12.
The process in which D-xylose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. D-xylose (the naturally occurring enantiomer is always D-) is a constituent of plant polysaccharides.
The process in which allose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Allose is an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.
The directed movement of fructose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.
The process in which fucose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Fucose is 6-deoxygalactose and has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose.
The process in which galactose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.
The directed movement of beta-glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Beta-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in a beta configuration.
The directed movement of glucose-6-phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucose-6-phosphate is a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.
The process in which mannose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Mannose is the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.
The process in which rhamnose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.
The directed movement of N-acetylgalactosamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. N-acetylgalactosamine, 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose, is the n-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.
The directed movement of N-acetylglucosamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of methylgalactoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Methylgalactoside is a compound in which the H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by a methyl group.
The directed movement of disaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Disaccharides are sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.
The directed movement of lactose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lactose is a disaccharide 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose, and constitutes roughly 5% of the milk in almost all mammals.
The directed movement of maltose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Maltose is the disaccharide 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose, an intermediate in the catabolism of glycogen and starch.
The directed movement of melibiose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Melibiose is the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.
The directed movement of sucrose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sucrose is the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.
The directed movement of trehalose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Trehalose is a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.
The directed movement of oligosaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligosaccharides are molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
The directed movement of raffinose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Raffinose occurs in plants almost as commonly as sucrose and is present in cereal grains, cotton seeds, and many legumes. It is synthesized from sucrose by transfer of a galactopyranoside from myo-inositol.
The directed movement of polysaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
The directed movement of beta-glucans into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Beta-glucans are compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-glucosidic bonds.
The directed movement of capsular polysaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Capsular polysaccharides make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
The directed movement of teichoic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Teichoic acid is any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues.
The directed movement of hexuronide across a membrane. Hexuronides are any compound formed by combination of glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound (e.g. an alcohol or a saccharide) with the anomeric carbon atom of a hexuronate.
The directed movement of glucuronosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucuronosides are any compound formed by combination of glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound (e.g. an alcohol or a saccharide) with the anomeric carbon atom of glucuronate.
nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transport
The directed movement of nucleotide-sugars into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Nucleotide-sugars are any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate transmembrane transport
The directed movement of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of GDP-fucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
The process in which UDP-glucose is transported across a membrane.
UDP-glucuronic acid transmembrane transport
The directed movement of UDP-glucuronic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. UDP-glucuronic acid is a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine transmembrane transport
The directed movement of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
The directed movement of UDP-xylose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. UDP-xylose is a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
The directed movement of polyols, any polyhydric alcohol, across a membrane.
The process in which arabitol is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabitol is the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.
The directed movement of glycerol across a membrane. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.
glycerol-3-phosphate transmembrane transport
The process in which glycerol-3-phosphate is transported across a membrane. Glycerol-3-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
The directed movement of sorbitol across a membrane. Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of glucose.
The directed movement of galactitol across a membrane. Galactitol is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.
The directed movement of mannitol across a membrane. Mannitol is the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
The directed movement of myo-inositol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.
The directed movement of propanediol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Propanediol is a sweet colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze and in brake fluid; it is also as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items, although it can be absorbed through the skin with harmful effects.
The directed movement of acidic amino acids, amino acids with a pH below 7, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of aromatic amino acids, amino acids with aromatic ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of basic amino acids, amino acids with a pH above 7, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of branched-chain amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Branched-chain amino acids are amino acids with a branched carbon skeleton without rings.
branched-chain aliphatic amino acid transport
branched-chain amino-acid anions transport
branched-chain amino-acid anion transport
The directed movement of neutral amino acids, amino acids with no net charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of S-methylmethionine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of L-enantiomer amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which aspartate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate transport
The directed movement of L-cystine (also known as dicysteine) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of L-glutamate across a membrane.
The directed movement of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate, the anion of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of glycine, aminoethanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of methionine, 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of ornithine, 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of phenylalanine, 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of proline, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of threonine, (2R*,3S*)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of tryptophan, 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of tyrosine, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of diaminopimelate, the anion of 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
peptidoglycan-associated peptide transport
The directed movement of peptidoglycan peptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Peptidoglycan peptides are the oligopeptides found in peptidoglycan networks which cross-link the polysaccharide chains.
The directed movement of peptidoglycans, a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of lipid-linked peptidoglycans into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of amines, including polyamines, organic compounds containing one or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of cadaverine, 1,5-pentanediamine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of urea into, out of or within the cell. Urea is the water-soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2.
The directed movement of amines into, out of or within chromaffin granules.
aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle
The active transport of aminergic neurotransmitters into a synaptic vesicle. This import is fuelled by an electrochemical gradient across the vesicle membrane, established by the action proton pumps.
The directed movement of methylammonium into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of polyamines, organic compounds containing two or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of putrescine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Putrescine is 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
The directed movement of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, a polyamine formed by the transfer of a propylamine group from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to putrescine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of an organic hydroxy compound (organic alcohol) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic hydroxy compound is an organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.
The directed movement of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of adenine, 6-aminopurine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of pyrimidine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), within a cell.
purine nucleoside transmembrane transport
The process in which a purine nucleoside is transported across a membrane. A purine nucleoside is a purine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar.
The directed movement of cytidine, cytosine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of uridine, uracil riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of xanthosine, xanthine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleoside, a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of a purine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.
The directed movement of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside (a purine organic base attached to a ribose sugar) esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.
The directed movement of protein-DNA complexes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of acetylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.
The directed movement of choline into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
The directed movement of dopamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
The directed movement of norepinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of vitamins or cofactors into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
The directed movement of acetyl-CoA into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.
The directed movement of biopterin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Biopterin is a growth factor for certain protozoans and some insects; it is widely distributed in tissues and functions in a reduced form, tetrahydrobiopterin, as a hydroxylation coenzyme.
The directed movement of biotin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Biotin is cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.
The directed movement of carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The directed movement of coenzyme A into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
The directed movement of creatine across a membrane.
The process in which L-ascorbic acid is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.
The directed movement of flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.
The directed movement of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.
The directed movement of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate, into, out of, within, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which pantothenate is transported across a membrane. Pantothenate is the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid; it is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.
The directed movement of thiamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
The directed movement of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of nicotinamide mononucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a ribonucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of D-ribose. It is a constituent of NAD and NADP.
The directed movement of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of acriflavine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acriflavine is a fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.
The directed movement of alkanes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Alkanes are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of nalidixic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Nalidixic acid is a synthetic antibiotic that interferes with DNA gyrase and inhibits prokaryotic replication.
The process in which an organomercurial compound is transported across a membrane. Organomercurial substances are any organic compound containing a mercury atom.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement amiloride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Amiloride is a potent and specific inhibitor of sodium ion entry into cells. It is used as a potassium-sparing diuretic.
The directed movement of aminotriazole into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Aminotriazole is an effective weed killer that also possesses some antithyroid activity.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of benomyl into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Benomyl, methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate, is a systemic agricultural fungicide used for control of certain fungal diseases of stone fruit.
The directed movement of cycloheximide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Cycloheximide is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.
obsolete carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone transport
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone is a proton ionophore, commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.
The directed movement of fluconazole into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fluconazole is an antifungal drug used for oral candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis; it is still under study for treatment of vaginal candidiasis and other fungal infections.
The directed movement of tetracycline from one side of a membrane to the other. Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).
The directed movement of bicyclomycin across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicyclomycin (or bicozamycin) is an antibacterial drug often used as a livestock feed additive.
The directed movement of fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
The directed movement of a long-chain fatty acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.
long-chain fatty acid import into peroxisome
The directed movement of a long-chain fatty acid into a peroxisome. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.
peroxisomal long-chain fatty acid import
peroxisomal long-chain fatty acid uptake
long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of a long-chain fatty acid from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.
plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport
The directed movement of short-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A short-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.
short-chain fatty acid transmembrane transport
The directed movement of short-chain fatty acids into a cell or organelle. A short-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.
The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Phospholipids are any lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of fatty acyl groups into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A fatty acyl group is any acyl group derived from a fatty acid.
The directed movement of fatty acyl coenzyme A into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acyl coenzyme A is an acyl group linked to 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine (coenzyme A).
The directed movement of aminophospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Aminophospholipids contain phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester and an amino (NH2) group.
The directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
The directed movement of substances to, from or across the peroxisomal membrane.
The directed movement of lipopolysaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A lipopolysaccharide is any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: aspartate + O2 = iminosuccinate + hydrogen peroxide.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of mannosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of mannose or a mannose derivative.
mannosyl-oligosaccharide mannosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal alpha-D-mannose residues in oligo-mannose oligosaccharides.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of galactosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of galactose or a galactose derivative.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of glucose or a glucose derivative.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of trehalose or a trehalose derivative.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of fucosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of fucose or a fucose derivative.
Catalysis of the cleavage of hexosamine or N-acetylhexosamine residues (e.g. N-acetylglucosamine) residues from gangliosides or other glycoside oligosaccharides.
Catalysis of the formation of L-glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate from L-glutamate, using NADH, NADPH or ferredoxin as hydrogen acceptors.
nucleobase-containing compound transport
The directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
nucleobase-containing compound transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids from one side of a membrane to the other.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transmembrane transporter activity
obsolete flavin-containing electron transporter
OBSOLETE. An oxidoreductase which contains either flavin-adenine dinucleotide or flavin mononucleotide as a prosthetic group, utilizes either NADH or NADPH and transfers electrons to other electron transfer proteins.
The larger of the two subunits of a ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
The smaller of the two subunits of a ribosome.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.
pantothenate anabolism from 2-oxypantoyl lactone
pantothenate biosynthesis from 2-oxypantoyl lactone
pantothenate biosynthetic process from 2-dehydropantolactone
pantothenate biosynthetic process from 2-oxypantoyl lactone
pantothenate biosynthetic process from valine
pantothenate formation from 2-oxypantoyl lactone
pantothenate synthesis from 2-oxypantoyl lactone
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which formate is converted to CO2.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of methanol to methyl-Coenzyme M.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes.
nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule is synthesized from another nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine nucleotide is synthesized from another purine nucleotide.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine ribonucleotide is synthesized from another purine ribonucleotide.
purine deoxyribonucleotide interconversion
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine deoxyribonucleotide is synthesized from another purine deoxyribonucleotide.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine nucleotide is synthesized from another pyrimidine nucleotide.
pyrimidine ribonucleotide interconversion
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine ribonucleotide is synthesized from another pyrimidine ribonucleotide.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide interconversion
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide is synthesized from another pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide.
bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate, a compound formed of two nucleosides joined together through their 5' carbons by a chain of phosphate molecules.
bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate metabolism
bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate, a compound formed of two nucleosides joined together through their 5' carbons by a chain of phosphate molecules.
bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate anabolism
bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate biosynthesis
bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate formation
bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate synthesis
bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate, a compound formed of two nucleosides joined together through their 5' carbons by a chain of phosphate molecules.
bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate breakdown
bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate catabolism
bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate degradation
diadenosine polyphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving diadenosine polyphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with phosphate groups attached.
diadenosine polyphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine polyphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with phosphate groups attached.
diadenosine polyphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine polyphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with phosphate groups attached.
diadenosine triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving diadenosine triphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with three phosphate groups attached.
diadenosine triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine triphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with three phosphate groups attached.
diadenosine triphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine triphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with three phosphate groups attached.
diadenosine tetraphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving diadenosine tetraphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with four phosphate groups attached.
diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine tetraphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with four phosphate groups attached.
diadenosine tetraphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine tetraphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with four phosphate groups attached.
A specific global change in the metabolism of a bacterial cell (the downregulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and the simultaneous upregulation of protein degradation and amino acid synthesis) as a result of starvation.
guanosine tetraphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.
guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3') metabolic process
guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3') metabolism
guanosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.
guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3') biosynthesis
guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3') biosynthetic process
guanosine tetraphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.
guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3') catabolic process
guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3') catabolism
guanosine pentaphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with five phosphates.
guanosine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3') metabolic process
guanosine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3') metabolism
guanosine pentaphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with five phosphates.
guanosine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3') biosynthesis
guanosine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3') biosynthetic process
guanosine pentaphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with five phosphates.
guanosine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3') catabolic process
guanosine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3') catabolism
energy derivation by oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from inorganic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released.
A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary carbon sources and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary carbon source and to transport and metabolize alternative carbon sources such as carbon dioxide or carbonic acid. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects carbon levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize carbon-containing substances, and ends when carbon is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.
carbon utilization by utilization of organic compounds
A metabolic process in which carbon (usually derived from carbon dioxide) is incorporated into organic compounds (usually carbohydrates).
The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide (CO2) using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds.
energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released.
obsolete passive proton transport, down the electrochemical gradient
OBSOLETE. The passive movement of protons from areas of high proton concentration and electrical potential to areas where concentration and electrical potential are low.
OBSOLETE. The process of coupled solute translocation in which two solutes equilibrate across an osmotic barrier, the translocation of solute being coupled to the translocation of the other in the opposite direction.
OBSOLETE. The process of solute translocation in which two solutes equilibrate across an osmotic barrier, and the translocation of one solute is coupled to the translocation of the other in the same direction.
OBSOLETE. The process of noncoupled solute translocation or facilitated diffusion.
energy coupled proton transport, down electrochemical gradient
The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that provides energy for the synthesis of ATP or GTP.
proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis
The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.
The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers GTP synthesis.
energy coupled proton transmembrane transport, against electrochemical gradient
The transport of protons across a membrane and against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from a source such as ATP hydrolysis, light, or electron transport.
OBSOLETE. The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from light.
electron transport coupled proton transport
The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from electron transport.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of molecular hydrogen (H2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, into less complex products.
obsolete ubiquinone biosynthetic process monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + acceptor + 3 H2O = sulfite + reduced acceptor.
assimilatory-type sulfite reductase activity
hydrogen-sulfide:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
hydrogen-sulfide:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
Binds to and increases the activity of a phospholipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.
Binds to and increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.
A product of the fusion of the mitochondria during spermatogenesis. After the completion of meiosis the mitochondria of the spermatid collect along side the nucleus and fuse into two masses; these wrap around each other to produce the spherical Nebenkern. During flagellum elongation the Nebenkern unfolds and the two derivatives (major and minor mitochondrial derivatives) elongate down the axoneme.
The major and minor mitochondrial derivatives are the mitochondria of the sperm tail and derive by the unfolding of the Nebenkern during flagellum elongation.
The larger of the two mitochondrial derivatives that arise by the unfolding of the Nebenkern during flagellum elongation; the major mitochondrial derivative is ovoid and darker than the minor derivative.
The smaller of the two mitochondrial derivatives that arise by the unfolding of the Nebenkern during flagellum elongation.
dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex
A multiprotein complex that forms a strong mechanical link between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix; typical of, but not confined to, muscle cells. The complex is composed of transmembrane, cytoplasmic, and extracellular proteins, including dystrophin, sarcoglycans, dystroglycan, dystrobrevins, syntrophins, sarcospan, caveolin-3, and NO synthase.
A protein complex that includes alpha- and beta-dystroglycan, which are alternative products of the same gene; the laminin-binding component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex, providing a link between the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton (in muscle cells) and the extracellular matrix. Alpha-dystroglycan is an extracellular protein binding to alpha-laminin and to beta-dystroglycan; beta-dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein which binds alpha-dystroglycan and dystrophin.
A protein complex formed of four sarcoglycans plus sarcospan; there are six known sarcoglycans: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-sarcoglycan; all are N-glycosylated single-pass transmembrane proteins. The sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex is a subcomplex of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex, and is fixed to the dystrophin axis by a lateral association with the dystroglycan complex.
A protein complex that includes alpha-, beta1-, beta2-syntrophins and syntrophin-like proteins; the syntrophin complex binds to the second half of the carboxy-terminal domain of dystrophin; also associates with neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
nitric oxide synthase-dystrophin complex, skeletal muscle
A protein complex comprising alpha- and beta-dystrobrevin; forms part of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex.
Acts as a trigger for a pattern specification process when present at a specific concentration within a gradient.
OBSOLETE. An opsin with maximal absorption between 400 and 500 nm.
Binding to cyclosporin A, a cyclic undecapeptide that contains several N-methylated and unusual amino acids.
Combining with a peptidoglycan and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response.
A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate.
obsolete proteasome endopeptidase regulator
A complex of proteins that are involved in phototransduction and attached to the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel. The protein connections are mediated through inaD.
The specialized microvilli-containing organelle on the apical surfaces of a photoreceptor cell containing the visual pigment rhodopsin and most of the proteins involved in phototransduction.
A membrane-bounded compartment that is found at the base of the rhabdomere and contains stored calcium, InsP3 receptors and smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase.
The process in which a tRNA is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.
cytoplasmic tRNA import into mitochondria
cytoplasmic tRNA import into mitochondrion
cytoplasmic tRNA transport into mitochondrion
mitochondrial import of cytoplasmic tRNA
nuclear-encoded tRNA import into mitochondrion
A multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. The other participant is the host. Includes infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-maleylacetoacetate = 4-fumarylacetoacetate.
4-maleylacetoacetate cis-trans-isomerase activity
maleylacetone cis-trans-isomerase activity
A heterodimeric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes error-prone DNA synthesis in contexts such as translesion synthesis and double-stranded break repair. First characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are Rev3p and Rev7p; a third protein, Rev1p, is often associated with the polymerase dimer.
cellular response to phosphate starvation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of phosphate.
The reception of a (visible light) photon by a cell, visible light being defined as having a wavelength within the range 380-780 nm.
The reception of a (UV light) photon by a cell, UV light being defined as having a wavelength within the range 13.6-400 nm.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H+ + NADH.
glutamate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) synthase
L-glutamate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (transaminating)
NADH-dependent glutamate synthase activity
glutamate synthase (ferredoxin) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+. This is a two-step reaction: (a) L-glutamate + NH3 = L-glutamine + H2O, (b) L-glutamate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2O = NH3 + 2-oxoglutarate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+.
ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase activity
glutamate synthase (ferredoxin-dependent)
L-glutamate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (transaminating)
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
multicellular organismal lipid catabolic process
multicellular organism lipid catabolic process
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
cellular component organisation at cellular level
cellular component organisation in other organism
cellular component organization at cellular level
cellular component organization in other organism
The series of events in which a stimulus from a bacterium is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events in which a stimulus from a fungus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events in which a temperature stimulus (hot or cold) is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
non-developmental growth of a unicellular organism
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
catabolic carbohydrate metabolic process
multicellular organismal carbohydrate catabolic process
single-organism carbohydrate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state.
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by the excitation of rhodopsin by a photon, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
regulation of membrane potential in photoreceptor cell
Hyperpolarization (vertebrates) or depolarization (invertebrates) of the photoreceptor cell membrane via closing/opening of cation specific channels as a result of signals generated by rhodopsin activation by a photon.
changes in polarization state of photoreceptor cell membrane
maintenance of membrane potential in photoreceptor cell by rhodopsin mediated signaling
Maintenance of the excited state of a photoreceptor cell to produce a steady-state current as a result of signals generated by rhodopsin activation by a photon.
maintenance of rhodopsin mediated signaling
maintenance of rhodopsin mediated signalling
deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling
The process of restoring the photoreceptor cell to its unexcited state after termination of the stimulus (photon).
deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signalling
The process in which metarhodopsin is prevented from generating molecular signals. Activated rhodopsin (R*) is inactivated by a two-step process: first, R* is phosphorylated by rhodopsin kinase which lowers the activity of R*. Second, the protein arrestin binds to phosphorylated R* to de-activate it.
regulation of light-activated channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
adaptation of rhodopsin mediated signaling
The process in which a rhodopsin-mediated signaling pathway is adjusted to modulate the sensitivity and response of a visual system to light stimuli (that might vary over more than 6 magnitudes in intensity) without response saturation.
adaptation of rhodopsin mediated signalling
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas.
An immune response mediated by immunoglobulins, whether cell-bound or in solution.
obsolete humoral defense mechanism (sensu Protostomia)
OBSOLETE. The specific immune response mediated by antibodies. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Protostomia (Protostomia, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33317).
An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells or basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving snRNA, small nuclear RNA, any of various low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins. They participate in the processing or modifications of many RNAs, mostly ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) though snoRNAs are also known to target other classes of RNA, including spliceosomal RNAs, tRNAs, and mRNAs via a stretch of sequence that is complementary to a sequence in the targeted RNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of snRNA, small nuclear RNA, low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis.
Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.
The process in which synaptic vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.
The initial (indirect) attachment of a synaptic vesicle membrane to the presynaptic active zone membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane and proteins of the presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component. Synaptic vesicle tethering is the first step in this process.
synaptic vesicle docking during exocytosis
synaptic vesicle docking involved in exocytosis
A process that converts synaptic vesicles to a state of competence for calcium triggered fusion with the active zone membrane by bringing the two membranes into very close proximity. Priming typically (but not always) occurs after docking (Jahn and Fasshauer, 2012). Primed vesicles are also capable of spontaneously fusing with the active zone membrane.
OBSOLETE. Fusion of the synaptic vesicle with the postsynaptic membrane.
The action characteristic of myostimulatory hormone, a peptide hormone that stimulates muscle contraction.
The action characteristic of myostimulatory hormone, a peptide hormone that inhibits muscle contraction.
OBSOLETE. Peptide hormones produced by the corpora allata of insects that reversibly inhibit the production of juvenile hormone.
The action characteristic of ecdysiostatic hormone, a peptide hormone that inhibits ecdysone secretion.
OBSOLETE. A polypeptide hormone that stimulates glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissue, and promotes glycogenesis, lipogenesis and the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving prenols, isoprenoids of general formula (H-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n-OH, any primary monohydroxy alcohol whose carbon skeleton consists of two or more isoprenoid residues linked head to tail.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prenols, isoprenoids of general formula (H-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n-OH, any primary monohydroxy alcohol whose carbon skeleton consists of two or more isoprenoid residues linked head to tail.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenols, isoprenoids of general formula (H-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n-OH, any primary monohydroxy alcohol whose carbon skeleton consists of two or more isoprenoid residues linked head to tail.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytosteroids, steroids of higher plants that differ from animal steroids in having substitutions at C24 and/or a double bond at C22. Phytosteroids are so named because they occur in higher plants; some, notably ergosterol, are also found in fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytosteroids, steroids that differ from animal steroids in having substitutions at C24 and/or a double bond at C22. Phytosteroids are so named because they occur in higher plants; some, notably ergosterol, are also found in fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytosteroids, steroids that differ from animal steroids in having substitutions at C24 and/or a double bond at C22. Phytosteroids are so named because they occur in higher plants; some, notably ergosterol, are also found in fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving saponins, glycosides of plants in which the aglycan (sapogenin) group is a terpene or steroid and the sugar group is a glucose, a galactose, a pentose, a methylpentose or an oligosaccharide. Saponins are powerful surfactant agents and membrane active; they are, hence, toxic to animals on injection.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of saponins, glycosides of plants in which the aglycan (sapogenin) group is a terpene or steroid and the sugar group is a glucose, a galactose, a pentose, a methylpentose or an oligosaccharide. Saponins are powerful surfactant agents and membrane active; they are, hence, toxic to animals on injection.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of saponins, glycosides of plants in which the aglycan (sapogenin) group is a terpene or steroid and the sugar group is a glucose, a galactose, a pentose, a methylpentose or an oligosaccharide. Saponins are powerful surfactant agents and membrane active; they are, hence, toxic to animals on injection.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.
obsolete protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, initiation
obsolete protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, elongation
obsolete protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, termination
translation release factor activity, codon specific
A translation release factor that is specific for one or more particular termination codons; acts at the ribosomal A-site and require polypeptidyl-tRNA at the P-site.
translation release factor activity, codon nonspecific
A translation release factor that is not specific to particular codons; binds to guanine nucleotides.
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + Hg + NADP+ = Hg2+ + NADPH.
reduced NADP:mercuric ion oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-imidazolone-5-propanoate + H+ = trans-urocanate + H2O.
3-(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate hydro-lyase (urocanate-forming)
3-(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate hydro-lyase activity
imidazolonepropionate hydrolase activity
pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyrimidine nucleoside + phosphate = pyrimidine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
pyrimidine-nucleoside:phosphate alpha-D-ribosyltransferase activity
formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H2O + NADP+ = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + CO2 + H+ + NADPH.
10-formyl-H2PtGlu:NADP oxidoreductase activity
10-formyl-H4folate dehydrogenase activity
10-formyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
10-formyl tetrahydrofolate:NADP oxidoreductase activity
10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase activity
N10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + succinate = fumarate + H+ + NADH.
NADH-dependent fumarate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-fructose = UDP + sucrose.
NDP-glucose:D-fructose 2-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
sucrose-UDP glucosyltransferase activity
sucrose-uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose-fructose glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-fructose glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-fructose glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.
myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate 3-phosphohydrolase activity
myo-inositol-hexaphosphate 3-phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-muconolactone = (4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate.
5-oxo-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-acetate delta3-delta2-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of amylose or an amylose derivative.
Catalysis of the reaction: (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n+1) + H2O = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n-1) + alpha-maltose. This reaction is the hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive maltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.
4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase activity
cellulose 1,4-beta-cellobiosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose and cellotetraose, releasing cellobiose from the non-reducing ends of the chains.
1,4-beta-D-glucan cellobiohydrolase activity
beta-1,4-glucan cellobiohydrolase activity
beta-1,4-glucan cellobiosylhydrolase activity
exo-beta-1,4-glucan cellobiohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 8 reduced ferredoxin + 8 H+ + N2 + 16 ATP + 16 H2O = 8 oxidized ferredoxin + 2 NH3 + 16 ADP + 16 phosphate.
reduced ferredoxin:dinitrogen oxidoreductase (ATP-hydrolysing) activity
obsolete Mo-molybdopterin oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9Z,11E)-(13S)-13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate.
linoleate:oxygen 13-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the dehydrogenation of phytoene to produce a carotenoid intermediate such as phytofluene.
glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
Combining with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
Binding to a chlorophyll; a compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment.
Binding to bacteriochlorophyll c, a chlorophyll of photosynthetic bacteria, for example green sulfur bacteria.
OBSOLETE. Inhibits the formation of ice crystals in organismal fluid (e.g. blood) at below freezing exogenous temperatures.
obsolete ice nucleation inhibitor activity
OBSOLETE. Inhibits the formation of ice crystals.
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + hydrogen peroxide.
superoxide-generating NAD(P)H oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + O2 = NAD(P)H + O2-.
superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase activator activity
Binds to and increases the activity of the enzyme superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase.
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary small nuclear RNA (snRNA) transcript into a mature snRNA molecule. The primary function of snRNAs is processing pre-messenger RNA in the nucleus. They have also been shown to aid in the regulation of transcription factors (7SK RNA) or RNA polymerase II (B2 RNA), and maintaining the telomeres.
Budding of synaptic vesicles during the formation of constitutive recycling vesicles from early endosomes.
synaptic vesicle budding involved in synaptic vesicle exocytosis
The formation of clathrin coated pits in the presynaptic membrane endocytic zone, triggered by the presence of high concentrations of synaptic vesicle components. This process leads to, but does not include budding of the membrane to form new vesicles.
OBSOLETE. Return of a vesicle from the postsynaptic membrane to presynaptic membrane.
synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic endocytic zone membrane
Evagination of the presynaptic membrane, resulting in the formation of a new synaptic vesicle.
synaptic vesicle budding from pre-synaptic membrane
synaptic vesicle budding involved in synaptic vesicle endocytosis
OBSOLETE. Separation of a synaptic vesicle from the presynaptic membrane.
obsolete synaptic vesicle internalization
OBSOLETE. Internalization of the contents of a synaptic vesicle into the postsynaptic membrane following endocytosis.
Steps required to form an initiated synaptic vesicle into a fully formed and transmissible synaptic vesicle.
Fusion of a synaptic vesicle with an endosome.
The removal of the protein coat on a synaptic vesicle following the pinching step at the end of budding from the presynaptic membrane.
synaptic vesicle coat protein depolymerization
A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
The directed movement of substances mediated by an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials enclosed in the lumen or located in the endosomal membrane.
The recognition of molecules at a choice point by an axon growth cone; at a choice point the growth cone determines the direction of its future growth.
The recognition of molecules at the central nervous system midline choice point by an axon growth cone; this choice point determines whether the growth cone will cross the midline.
The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism recognizes chemoattractant signals from, and grows towards, potential targets.
The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism recognizes chemorepellent signals that inhibit its growth toward the source.
regulation of striated muscle tissue development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
The developmental process in which a skeletal muscle attaches to its target (such as bone or body wall).
The process that mediates the transfer of information from the cells of a muscle to those of its intended target, thereby identifying the target site.
selenocysteine methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: selenocysteine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = Se-methylselenocysteine + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a catechol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a guaiacol.
catecholamine O-methyltransferase activity
MB-COMT (membrane-bound form of catechol-O-methyltransferase)
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:catechol O-methyltransferase activity
S-COMT (soluble form of catechol-O-methyltransferase)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA.
caffeolyl coenzyme A synthetase activity
hydroxycinnamoyl CoA synthetase activity
p-coumaryl coenzyme A synthetase activity
p-hydroxycinnamic acid:CoA ligase activity
p-hydroxycinnamoyl coenzyme A synthetase activity
Binding to AMP, adenosine monophosphate.
Inhibition of the reactions brought about by dioxygen (O2) or peroxides. Usually the antioxidant is effective because it can itself be more easily oxidized than the substance protected. The term is often applied to components that can trap free radicals, thereby breaking the chain reaction that normally leads to extensive biological damage.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA = 4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2.
malonyl-CoA:4-coumaroyl-CoA malonyltransferase (cyclizing)
Catalysis of the ligation of ammonia (NH3) to another substance via a carbon-nitrogen bond with concomitant breakage of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.
kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + L-glutamate.
kynurenine 2-oxoglutarate transaminase activity
kynurenine-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
kynurenine--oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
L-kynurenine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. Can also use a substrate with 3 double bonds (a (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA and add a fourth double bond (a (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoA).
delta(6)-fatty acyl-CoA desaturase activity
delta6-fatty acyl-CoA desaturase activity
linoleoyl-coenzyme A desaturase activity
long-chain fatty acid delta(6)-desaturase activity
long-chain fatty acid delta6-desaturase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AH2 + O2 + octadecanoyl-CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + A + 2 H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2 = 2 H2O + isopenicillin N.
N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine:oxygen oxidoreductase (cyclizing)
N-ethylammeline chlorohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: deethylsimazine + H2O = N-ethylammeline + chloride + H+.
Catalysis of a multistep reaction that produce polyketides through decarboxylative condensation of carboxylic acids. The key chain-building reaction, a C-N bond-forming reaction, involves the generation of the characteristic peptide bond by nucleophilic attack of the amino group of an amino-acyl donor unit covalently bound to a downstream peptidyl carrier protein module (amino acyl-S-PCP) on the acyl group of an upstream electrophilic acyl- or peptidyl acyl-S-PCP chain, catalyzed by a condensation (C) domain. Supplementing these core chain-elongation domains are variable numbers of auxiliary domains that are responsible for modification of the growing polypeptide chain by a small set of iterated reactions including epimerization, N-methylation, and heterocyclization.
procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex
A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline and succinate from procollagen L-proline and 2-oxoglutarate, requiring Fe2+ and ascorbate. Contains two alpha subunits that contribute to most parts of the catalytic sites, and two beta subunits that are identical to protein-disulfide isomerase.
procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase complex
beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + 2-oxopropanoate = pyruvate + beta-alanine.
beta-alanine-alpha-alanine transaminase activity
beta-alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase activity
beta-alanine--pyruvate aminotransferase activity
L-alanine:3-oxopropanoate aminotransferase activity
omega-amino acid--pyruvate aminotransferase activity
The incorporation of iron and exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
obsolete tRNA sulfurtransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + 'activated' tRNA = L-serine + tRNA containing a thionucleotide.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activator activity
Binds to and increases the activity of the enzyme sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminides.
Catalysis of the synthesis of the HKK-1 carbohydrate epitope; adds a sulfate group to a precursor, GlcA-beta-(1->3)-Gal-beta-(1->4)-GlcNAc-beta-(1->R), forming sulfo-3GlcA-beta-(1->3)-Gal-beta-(1->4)-GlcNAc-beta-(1->R).
A process in which telomeres are protected from degradation and fusion, thereby ensuring chromosome stability by protecting the ends from both degradation and from being recognized as damaged DNA. May be mediated by specific single- or double-stranded telomeric DNA binding proteins.
A discrete intracellular part formed of aggregated molecules such as proteins or other biopolymers.
An inclusion body formed by dynein-dependent retrograde transport of an aggregated protein on microtubules.
The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure. Autophagosomes then fuse with a lysosome (or vacuole) releasing single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies that are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Some types of macroautophagy, e.g. pexophagy, mitophagy, involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded.
The transfer of cytosolic components into the lysosomal compartment by direct invagination of the lysosomal membrane without prior sequestration into an autophagosome. The engulfing membranes fuse, resulting in the lysosomal delivery of the cargo wrapped in a single membrane derived from the invaginated lysosomal membrane. In S. cerevisiae, the vacuole is the lysosomal compartment.
Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation.
positive regulation of starvation-induced autophagy
The initial attachment of an autophagosome membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy.
regulation of starvation-induced autophagy
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy.
negative regulation of starvation-induced autophagy
Any process that modulates the size of the autophagosome.
Binds to and modulates the activity of a channel. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.
Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a channel.
N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate.
2-desoxy-D-glucoside-2-sulphamate sulphohydrolase (sulphamate sulphohydrolase)
N-sulfo-D-glucosamine sulfohydrolase activity
N-sulphoglucosamine sulphohydrolase activity
RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor activity
A general transcription initiation factor activity that contributes to transcription start site selection and transcription initiation of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. The general transcription factors for RNA polymerase II include TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH and TATA-binding protein (TBP). In most species, RNA polymerase II transcribes all messenger RNAs (mRNAs), most untranslated regulatory RNAs, the majority of the snoRNAs, four of the five snRNAs (U1, U2, U4, and U5), and other small noncoding RNAs. For some small RNAs there is variability between species as to whether it is transcribed by RNA polymerase II or RNA polymerase III. However there are also rare exceptions, such as Trypanosoma brucei, where RNA polymerase I transcribes certain mRNAs in addition to its normal role in rRNA transcription.
basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
general RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in preinitiation complex assembly
sequence-specific core promoter binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity involved in preinitiation complex assembly
transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific binding involved in preinitiation complex assembly
transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
obsolete nonspecific RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
OBSOLETE. Any function that supports transcription of genes by RNA polymerase II, and is not specific to a particular gene or gene set.
preassembly of GPI anchor in ER membrane
The stepwise addition of the components of the GPI anchor on to phosphatidylinositol lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
preassembly of GPI anchor in endoplasmic reticulum membrane
A transamidation reaction that results in the cleavage of the polypeptide chain and the concomitant transfer of the GPI anchor to the newly formed carboxy-terminal amino acid of the anchored protein. The cleaved C-terminal contains the C-terminal GPI signal sequence of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain.
The modification of high-mannose N-glycans by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase and the subsequent removal of the N-acetylglucosamine residues yielding mannose-6-P that occurs in the ER-Golgi apparatus to N-glycans destined for the lysosome.
N-glycan processing to secreted and cell-surface N-glycans
The modification of high-mannose (Man9-Asn) N-glycans by mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase. This may result in Man8GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans (which in yeast may be subsequently modified by the addition of further mannose residues) or Man5GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans that are substrates for further diversification in the Golgi apparatus.
The generation, in the Golgi apparatus, of side chain diversity from high mannose Man5GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans by specific glycosyltransferases and glycosidases.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins.
protein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + protein = UDP + 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein.
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:protein beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-transferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-protein acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine:polypeptide beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the addition of a galactosyl residue to a non-reducing O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine residue in an O-glycan.
UDPgalactose:glycoprotein-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 3-beta-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:glycoprotein-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 3-beta-D-galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-mucin beta-(1->3)-galactosyltransferase activity
Assembly of gap junctions, which are found in most animal tissues, and serve as direct connections between the cytoplasms of adjacent cells. They provide open channels through the plasma membrane, allowing ions and small molecules (less than approximately a thousand daltons) to diffuse freely between neighboring cells, but preventing the passage of proteins and nucleic acids.
OBSOLETE. A permanent cessation of all vital functions: the end of life; can be applied to a whole organism or to a part of an organism.
The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form a core O-glycan structure.
The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 1 O-glycan structure, Gal-beta-(1->3)-GalNAc.
The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 2 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->6)[Gal-beta-(1->3)]-GalNAc.
The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 3 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->3)-GalNAc.
The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 4 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->6)[GalNAc-beta-(1->3)]-GalNAc.
OBSOLETE. A permanent cessation of all vital functions of a tissue.
A multisubunit chaperone that is capable of delivering unfolded proteins to cytosolic chaperonin, which it acts as a cofactor for. In humans, the complex is a heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha and four PFD-beta type subunits. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it also acts in the nucleus to regulate the rate of elongation by RNA polymerase II via a direct effect on histone dynamics.
Enables the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to an amino group of an arginine residue.
protein-arginine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (protein)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (protein)-N-methyl-arginine.
obsolete [cytochrome c]-arginine N-methyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (cytochrome c)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (cytochrome c)-N(omega)-methyl-arginine.
obsolete [myelin basic protein]-arginine N-methyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (myelin basic protein)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (myelin basic protein)-N(omega)-methyl-arginine.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue.
protein-lysine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue in a protein substrate.
protein (lysine) methyltransferase activity
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex is composed of eIF4E, eIF4A and eIF4G; it is involved in the recognition of the mRNA cap, ATP-dependent unwinding of the 5'-terminal secondary structure and recruitment of the mRNA to the ribosome.
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 complex
A protein complex composed of the 40S ribosomal subunit plus eIF1A, eIF3, and eIF2-GTP-bound methionyl-initiator methionine tRNA.
obsolete alanine aminopeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal amino acid, preferentially alanine, from an oligopeptide or polypeptide.
obsolete cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal amino acid, preferentially alanine, from a wide range of peptides, amides and arylamides.
small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel with a unit conductance of 2 to 20 picoSiemens that opens in response to stimulus by internal calcium ions. Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are more sensitive to calcium than are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
SK calcium-activated potassium channel activity
glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + glycerone phosphate = 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphate + CoA.
acyl-CoA:glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity
dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: X-CoA + H2O = X + CoA; X may be any group.
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate.
long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA hydrolase activity
myristoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myristoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + myristate.
myristoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] hydrolase activity
tetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity
palmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + palmitate.
palmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] hydrolase activity
acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + a fatty acid.
acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] hydrolase activity
acyl-acyl carrier protein hydrolase activity
acyl-acyl-carrier-protein hydrolase activity
S-acyl fatty acid synthase thioesterase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
obsolete regulator of G-protein signaling activity
OBSOLETE. Inhibits signal transduction the GTPase activity of G-protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form.
tRNA (uracil) methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a uracil residue in a tRNA molecule.
tRNA (uridine) methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphotransferase activity
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, class I, catalyst activity
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, class I
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, class II
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, class III
type III phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
type I phosphatidylinositol kinase activity
obsolete phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, class I
OBSOLETE. A heterodimeric phosphoinositide 3-kinase which can phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate or phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. Also possesses intrinsic protein kinase activity.
obsolete phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, class II
OBSOLETE. A phosphoinositide 3-kinase which can phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate; the human form can phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate in the presence of phosphatidylserine.
obsolete phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, class III
OBSOLETE. A phosphoinositide 3-kinase which can only phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol.
phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol phosphate = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate.
phosphatidylinositol monophosphate kinase activity
1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase, class IA
1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase, class IB
1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase activity
ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4-phosphate 5-phosphotransferase activity
phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity
phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate kinase activity
1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate kinase
ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-5-phosphate 4-phosphotransferase activity
The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule.
inositol bisphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol bisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol phosphate + phosphate.
obsolete inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate phosphatase
OBSOLETE. The removal of one of the phosphate groups from an inositol triphosphate to produce an inositol bisphosphate.
phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate + phosphate.
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphohydrolase activity
phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphohydrolase activity
phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate.
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphohydrolase activity
inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II activity
The process in which photoreceptors are arranged in ommatidia in the dorsal and ventral fields to be mirror images. The polarity is established in the imaginal discs concurrently with cell fate specification.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mushroom body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mushroom body is composed of the prominent neuropil structures of the insect central brain, thought to be crucial for olfactory associated learning. These consist mainly of a bulbous calyx and tightly packaged arrays of thin parallel fibers of the Kenyon cells.
The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the endoplasmic reticulum.
The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a female.
The developmentally regulated remodeling of neuronal projections such as pruning to eliminate the extra dendrites and axons projections set up in early stages of nervous system development.
The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.
The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.
oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization
Formation and maintenance of a polarized microtubule array originating from a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organisation
OBSOLETE. The hydrolysis of ATP (and GTP) that drives the microtubular motor along microtubules.
The apical end of the lateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells.
The portion of the plasma membrane at the lateral side of the cell. In epithelial cells, lateral plasma membranes are on the sides of cells which lie at the interface of adjacent cells.
OBSOLETE. The function held by products which directly regulate any step in the process of apoptosis.
second mitotic wave involved in compound eye morphogenesis
A discrete cell cycle in the third instar eye imaginal disc after progression of the morphogenetic furrow that contributes to compound eye morphogenesis. It is essential for generation of a sufficient pool of uncommitted cells to develop complete ommatidia.
second mitotic wave during compound eye morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized.
establishment or maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization of epithelial cells in an embryo.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a follicular epithelium are generated and organized.
establishment or maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized follicular epithelial sheet.
morphogenesis of larval imaginal disc epithelium
The process in which the anatomical structures of a larval imaginal disc epithelium are generated and organized.
establishment or maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium.
calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell-adhesion molecules
The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules
The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule activity
The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
Complex of peripheral cytoplasmic proteins (alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin) that interact with the cytoplasmic region of uvomorulin/E-cadherin to connect it to the actin cytoskeleton.
obsolete cytoskeletal anchoring activity
OBSOLETE. The direct or indirect linkage of cytoskeletal filaments to the plasma membrane.
meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole
The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles takes place, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes. This occurs during meiosis.
chromosome migration to spindle pole during meiosis
chromosome movement towards spindle pole during meiosis
meiotic chromosome movement to spindle pole
female meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole
The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during female meiosis.
chromosome movement towards spindle pole during female meiosis
female meiotic chromosome movement to spindle pole
male meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole
The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during male meiosis.
chromosome movement towards spindle pole during male meiosis
male meiotic chromosome movement to spindle pole
obsolete calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule activity
imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of an imaginal disc-derived leg joint are generated and organized. The leg joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a leg to allow movement in a controlled manner. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
obsolete insecticide susceptibility/resistance
obsolete carbamate susceptibility/resistance
obsolete cyclodiene susceptibility/resistance
obsolete organophosphorus susceptibility/resistance
obsolete pyrethroid susceptibility/resistance
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
sensory organ precursor cell fate determination
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a sensory organ precursor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
sense organ precursor cell fate determination
Combining with activin-bound type II activin receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of activin signals.
Combining with activin to initiate a change in cell activity; upon ligand binding, binds to and catalyses the phosphorylation of a type I activin receptor.
The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydropalmitoyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: pristanoyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydropristanoyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: N(G),N(G)-dimethyl-L-arginine + H2O = dimethylamine + L-citrulline.
dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase activity
N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase activity
NG,NG-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase activity
NG,NG-dimethyl-L-arginine dimethylamidohydrolase activity
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11-alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate + NAD+ = (5Z,13E)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprost-13-enoate + NADH + H+.
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NAD+ 15-oxidoreductase activity
11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NAD+ 15-oxidoreductase activity
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity
15-hydroxyprostanoic dehydrogenase activity
NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (type I)
NAD-specific 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: substrate + ATP + CoASH = AMP + diphosphate + substrate-CoA.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the carnitine molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl (CH3-[CH2]14-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the acylglycerol molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the serine molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of an octanoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of an octanoyl (CH3-[CH2]6-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl (HOOC-CH2-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the joining of a carboxyl group to a molecule that is attached to CoA, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
mRNA (2'-O-methyladenosine-N6-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + m(7)G(5')pppAm = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m(7)G(5')pppm(6)Am.
messenger ribonucleate 2'-O-methyladenosine NG-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:mRNA (2'-O-methyladenosine-6-N-)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:mRNA (2'-O-methyladenosine-N6-)-methyltransferase activity
tRNA (guanine) methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methylguanine.
tRNA (guanosine) methyltransferase activity
tRNA (adenine) methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methyladenine.
tRNA (cytosine) methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methylcytosine.
tRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 5-methylcytosine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity
transfer ribonucleate cytosine 5-methyltransferase activity
transfer RNA cytosine 5-methyltransferase activity
tRNA (adenine-N1-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N1-methyladenine.
1-methyladenine transfer RNA methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (adenine-1-N-)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (adenine-N1-)-methyltransferase activity
transfer ribonucleate adenine 1-methyltransferase activity
transfer RNA (adenine-1) methyltransferase activity
tRNA (adenine-N6-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N6-methyladenine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (adenine-6-N-)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (adenine-N6-)-methyltransferase activity
tRNA-uridine aminocarboxypropyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA uridine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + tRNA 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-uridine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA-uridine 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)transferase activity
rRNA (adenine) methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methyladenine.
rRNA (cytosine) methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methylcytosine.
rRNA (guanine) methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methylguanine.
rRNA (uridine) methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methyluridine.
tRNA-queuosine beta-mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + tRNA(Asp)-queuosine = GDP + tRNA(Asp)-O-5''-beta-D-mannosylqueuosine.
GDP-mannose:tRNAAsp-queuosine O-5''-beta-D-mannosyltransferase activity
The inactivation of gene expression that occurs after transcription.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs), and miRNA or siRNA-complementary mRNAs, in addition to a number of accessory factors. The RISC complex is involved in posttranscriptional repression of gene expression through downregulation of translation or induction of mRNA degradation.
Catalysis of the digestion of double-stranded RNAs into 20 to 30-nucleotide products. These products typically associate to the RNA-induced silencing complex and serve as guide RNAs for posttranslational RNA interference.
Recombination occurring within or between DNA molecules in somatic cells.
somatic diversification of immunoglobulins
The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins.
somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes
Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins.
somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments
The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, as known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus.
somatic recombination of antibody gene segments
Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.
X chromosome located dosage compensation complex, transcription activating
An RNA-protein complex localized to the X chromosome of males where it is required for the hyper-transcriptional activation of the X chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
dosage compensation complex assembly involved in dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on the X chromosome of the heterogametic sex, ultimately resulting in a two-fold increase in transcription from this chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
dosage compensation complex assembly during dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome
OBSOLETE. Any process carried out at the cellular level that results in either long-term transcriptional repression via action on chromatin structure or RNA mediated, post-transcriptional repression of gene expression.
A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes.
A myosin complex containing two class II myosin heavy chains, two myosin essential light chains and two myosin regulatory light chains. Also known as classical myosin or conventional myosin, the myosin II class includes the major muscle myosin of vertebrate and invertebrate muscle, and is characterized by alpha-helical coiled coil tails that self assemble to form a variety of filament structures.
A portmanteau term for myosins other than myosin II.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond (diphosphate bond) between two phosphate groups.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Zn2+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Zn2+(out).
zinc-translocating P-type ATPase activity
zinc transmembrane transporter activity, phosphorylative mechanism
chloroplast protein-transporting ATPase activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the transport of proteins into the chloroplast stroma.
AAA chloroplast protein-transporting ATPase
ATPase-coupled chloroplast protein transporter activity
Multisubunit protein complex with 2x7 (Type I, in most cells) or 2x8 (Type II, in Archaea) ATP-binding sites involved in maintaining an unfolded polypeptide structure before folding or to entry into mitochondria and chloroplasts.
obsolete hydrogen-translocating A-type ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out). Found in archae.
obsolete hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out). Found in eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts and in bacteria.
obsolete sodium-translocating F-type ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out). Found in eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts and in bacteria.
proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex
A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0, V0, or A0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1, V1, or A1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Two major types have been characterized: V-type ATPases couple ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient, whereas F-type ATPases, also known as ATP synthases, normally run in the reverse direction to utilize energy from a proton concentration or electrochemical gradient to synthesize ATP. A third type, A-type ATPases have been found in archaea, and are closely related to eukaryotic V-type ATPases but are reversible.
hydrogen-transporting two-sector ATPase complex
vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the vacuolar membrane, where it acts as a proton pump to mediate acidification of the vacuolar lumen.
vacuolar hydrogen-translocating V-type ATPase complex
sodium ion-transporting two-sector ATPase complex
A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of sodium ions across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0 or V0) that carries out ion transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1 or V1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis.
sodium-transporting two-sector ATPase complex
sodium ion-transporting F-type ATPase complex
A sodium ion-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism.
sodium-translocating F-type ATPase complex
sodium ion-transporting V-type ATPase complex
A sodium ion-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of sodium ions across a concentration gradient. The complex comprises a membrane sector (V0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (V1) that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis.
sodium-translocating V-type ATPase complex
The process in which the size of the nucleus with respect to its cytoplasm is sensed by a cell.
interpretation of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio
Any process that modulates the surface configuration of an embryonic cell.
The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues.
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I.
downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
negative regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III.
downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
negative regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
The directed movement of substances or organelles within the cytosol.
tryptophan hydroxylase activator activity
Increases the activity of the enzyme tryptophase hydroxylase.
obsolete proprotein convertase 2 activator activity
OBSOLETE. Required for the maturation and activation of proprotein convertase 2.
Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage
protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis
The generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.
structural constituent of peritrophic membrane
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the peritrophic membrane, a tubular sheath of cuticle that shields the epithelial cells of the midgut from the gut contents. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
structural constituent of peritrophic matrix
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on other substrates
G protein-coupled neurotensin receptor activity
Combining with the tridecapeptide neurotensin to initiate a G-protein mediated change in cell activity. A G-protein is a signal transduction molecule that alternates between an inactive GDP-bound and an active GTP-bound state.
G protein coupled neurotensin receptor activity
G-protein coupled neurotensin receptor activity
neurotensin receptor activity, G protein coupled
neurotensin receptor activity, G-protein coupled
Combining with a C-C chemokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. C-C chemokines do not have an amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.
Combining with a C-X-C chemokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. A C-X-C chemokine has a single amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four cysteine motif.
Combining with a C-X3-C chemokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. A C-X3-C chemokine has three amino acids between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.
Combining with substance P, the peptide Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met, to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with substance K, the peptide His-Lys-Thr-Asp-Ser-Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-Met, to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with neuromedin K, the peptide Asp-Met-His-Asp-Phe-Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-Met to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with orexin to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with a protein hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with prostacyclin (PGI(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. A nucleotide is a compound that consists of a nucleoside esterified with a phosphate molecule.
Combining with a pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity. A pheromone is a substance used in olfactory communication between organisms of the same species eliciting a change in sexual or social behavior.
Binds to and increases the activity of a peptidase.
peptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process
Binds to and increases the activity of a peptidase that is involved in the apoptotic process.
OBSOLETE. The function held by products which directly activate any step in the process of apoptosis.
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex
A complex that includes the long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase activities in two subunits (alpha and beta), catalyzing two steps of the fatty acid beta-oxidation cycle within the mitochondrial matrix.
fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex
obsolete long-chain-enoyl-CoA hydratase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: a medium-chain (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a medium-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O. A long-chain acyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA thioester where the acyl chain contains 13 to 22 carbon atoms.
long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(P)+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+, where the acyl group is a long-chain fatty acid residue. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
long-chain-(S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity
obsolete endothelin-converting enzyme activity
obsolete endothelin-converting enzyme 1 activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the formation of endothelin 1 by cleavage of the Trp21-Val22 bond in the precursor.
A heterodimeric transcription factor complex that contains an alpha subunit (Runx1, Runx2 or Runx3 in human) that binds DNA and a non-DNA-binding beta subunit (CBFbeta), and binds to a consensus sequence 5'-YGYGGTY-3' found in several enhancers and promoters; the beta subunit enhances the DNA binding of the alpha subunit.
A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains 8 to 14 proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of the yeast SNF2 or mammalian SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, or an ortholog thereof.
Combining with interleukin-13 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
A protein complex that binds interleukin-4 (IL-4) and consists of an alpha chain that binds IL-4 with high affinity and a gamma common chain that also forms part of the interleukin-2 receptor.
Combining with interleukin-12 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
obsolete interleukin-14 receptor activity
OBSOLETE. Combining with interleukin-14 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
gastric inhibitory peptide receptor activity
Combining with gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and transmitting the signal across the membrane to activate an associated G-protein.
glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor activity
growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor activity
Combining with growth hormone-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide activity
The action characteristic of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, a peptide produced in the hypothalamus that binds to receptors to exert pleiotropic effects including control of neurotransmitter release, vasodilation, bronchodilation, activation of intestinal motility, increase in insulin and histamine secretion, immune modulation, and stimulation of cell proliferation and differentiation.
pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide activity
Combining with alpha-latrotoxin, a potent presynaptic neurotoxin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.
obsolete brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor activity
The cytoplasm of a muscle cell; includes the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell; continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope; that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage.
Binding to and delivering metal ions to a target protein.
Directly binding to and delivering copper ions to a target protein.
superoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity
A copper chaperone activity that specifically delivers copper to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, to activate superoxide dismutase activity.
A protein complex that has protein serine/threonine kinase activity; in mammals composed of catalytic subunit CDK5 and regulatory subunits CDK5R1 or CDK5R2. Contrary to its gene symbol, CDK5 is not cyclin-dependent.
cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 holoenzyme complex
obsolete cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 activator regulator activity
OBSOLETE. Modulation of the activity of cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 activator.
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity
Modulates the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase, enzymes of the protein kinase family that are regulated through association with cyclins and other proteins.
cyclin-dependent protein kinase, intrinsic regulator activity
cyclin-dependent protein kinase regulator activity
The removal of an internal amino acid sequence (an intein) from a protein during protein maturation; the excision of inteins is precise and the N- and C-terminal exteins are joined by a normal peptide bond. Protein splicing involves 4 nucleophilic displacements by the 3 conserved splice junction residues.
Processing which a protein carries out itself. This involves actions such as the autolytic removal of residues to generate the mature form of the protein.
OBSOLETE. Intervening protein sequence excised from a protein precursor in protein splicing; inteins catalyze their own excision and many also possess endonuclease activity.
male courtship behavior, orientation prior to leg tapping and wing vibration
The process during courtship, where the male orients towards a potential partner. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
male courtship behaviour, orientation prior to leg tapping and wing vibration
male courtship behavior, tapping to detect pheromone
The process during courtship where the male insect taps the female with his frontal leg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
male courtship behaviour, tapping to detect pheromone
male courtship behavior, veined wing vibration
The process during courtship where the male insect vibrates his wings. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
male courtship behaviour, veined wing vibration
male courtship behaviour, wing vibration
male courtship behavior, proboscis-mediated licking
The process during courtship where the male fly licks the genitalia of a stationary female fly with his proboscis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
male courtship behaviour, proboscis-mediated licking
OBSOLETE. The insertion into or deletion from an RNA molecule of nucleotide residues not encoded in DNA; takes place during or after transcription.
obsolete posttranscriptional insertion or deletion editing
OBSOLETE. The insertion into or deletion from an RNA molecule of nucleotide residues not encoded in DNA; takes place after transcription.
obsolete cotranscriptional insertion or deletion editing
OBSOLETE. The insertion into or deletion from an RNA molecule of nucleotide residues not encoded in DNA; takes place during transcription.
Any base modification or substitution events that result in alterations in the coding potential or structural properties of RNAs as a result of changes in the base-pairing properties of the modified ribonucleoside(s).
The conversion of a cytosine residue to uridine in an RNA molecule by deamination.
The conversion of a uridine residue to cytosine in an RNA molecule by amination.
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
The process in which a peroxisome membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.
The import of proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. A peroxisome targeting signal (PTS) binds to a soluble receptor protein in the cytosol, and the resulting complex then binds to a receptor protein in the peroxisome membrane and is imported. The cargo protein is then released into the peroxisome matrix.
The division of a mature peroxisome within a cell to form two or more separate peroxisome compartments.
protein import into peroxisome matrix, docking
The process in which a complex formed of a peroxisome targeting sequence (PTS) receptor bound to a PTS-bearing protein docks with translocation machinery in the peroxisomal membrane.
peroxisome matrix protein import, docking
protein docking during peroxisome matrix protein import
protein docking during protein import into peroxisome matrix
protein docking during protein transport into peroxisome matrix
protein transport into peroxisome matrix, docking
protein import into peroxisome matrix, translocation
The process in which proteins are moved across the peroxisomal membrane into the matrix. It is likely that the peroxisome targeting sequence receptor remains associated with cargo proteins during translocation.
peroxisome matrix protein import, translocation
protein translocation during peroxisome matrix protein import
protein translocation during protein import into peroxisome matrix
protein translocation during protein transport into peroxisome matrix
protein transport into peroxisome matrix, translocation
protein import into peroxisome matrix, receptor recycling
The process in which peroxisome targeting sequence receptors dissociates from cargo proteins and are returned to the cytosol.
peroxisome matrix protein import, receptor recycling
protein transport into peroxisome matrix, receptor recycling
receptor recycling during peroxisome matrix protein import
receptor recycling during protein import into peroxisome matrix
receptor recycling during protein transport into peroxisome matrix
obsolete transcription activator activity
OBSOLETE. Any transcription regulator activity required for initiation or upregulation of transcription.
obsolete transcription repressor activity
OBSOLETE. Any transcription regulator activity that prevents or downregulates transcription.
obsolete general transcriptional repressor activity
OBSOLETE. Any activity that stops or downregulates transcription of genes globally, and is not specific to a particular gene or gene set.
obsolete specific transcriptional repressor activity
OBSOLETE. Any activity that stops or downregulates transcription of specific genes or sets of genes.
The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein.
obsolete covalent chromatin modification
OBSOLETE. The alteration of DNA or protein in chromatin by the covalent addition or removal of chemical groups.
The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a histone protein.
The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histones by addition of phosphate groups.
The modification of a histone by the addition of an acetyl group.
The modification of histones by addition of ubiquitin groups.
The modification of histones by removal of acetyl groups.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histones by removal of phosphate groups.
The modification of histones by removal of methyl groups.
The modification of histones by removal of ubiquitin groups.
The removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein.
A multiprotein complex that functions broadly in eukaryotic organisms as a transcriptional repressor of protein-coding genes, through the gene-specific deacetylation of histones. Amongst its subunits, the Sin3 complex contains Sin3-like proteins, and a number of core proteins that are shared with the NuRD complex (including histone deacetylases and histone binding proteins). The Sin3 complex does not directly bind DNA itself, but is targeted to specific genes through protein-protein interactions with DNA-binding proteins.
An approximately 2 MDa multi-subunit complex that exhibits ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activity in addition to histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, and has been shown to establish transcriptional repression of a number of target genes in vertebrates, invertebrates and fungi. Amongst its subunits, the NuRD complex contains histone deacetylases, histone binding proteins and Mi-2-like proteins.
nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation complex
obsolete non-covalent chromatin modification
OBSOLETE. The alteration of DNA or protein in chromatin by the non-covalent addition or removal of chemical groups.
OBSOLETE. Ordering of successions of nucleosomes into regular arrays so that nucleosomes are positioned at defined distances from one another.
OBSOLETE. Any complex that mediates dynamic changes in eukaryotic chromatin.
A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains a bromodomain containing-protein, such as yeast Rsc1 or Rsc4 or mammalian PB1/BAF180. The RSC complex is generally recruited to RNA polymerase III promoters and is specifically recruited to RNA polymerase II promoters by transcriptional activators and repressors; it is also involved in non-homologous end joining.
A protein complex that contains an Isw1 subunit from the ISWI-family of ATPases and acts to modify chromatin structure.
An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2L in mammals), a NURF301 homolog (BPTF in humans), and additional subunits, though the composition of these additional subunits varies slightly with species. NURF is involved in regulation of transcription from TRNA polymerase II promoters.
An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and generally no other subunits, though Xenopus is an exception with a third non-conserved subunit. ACF plays roles in regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.
ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor complex
A nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex containing an RNA polymerase II core enzyme as well as additional proteins and transcription factor complexes, that are capable of promoter recognition and transcription initiation from an RNA polymerase II promoter in vivo. These additional components may include general transcription factor complexes TFIIA, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, or TFIIH, as well as Mediator, SWI/SNF, GCN5, or SRBs and confer the ability to recognize promoters.
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme
A protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The mediator complex is required for activation of transcription of most protein-coding genes, but can also act as a transcriptional corepressor. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.
A multiprotein complex that associates with RNA polymerase II and general RNA polymerase II transcription factor complexes and may be involved in both transcriptional initiation and elongation. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Paf1p, Cdc73p, Ctr9p, Rtf1p, and Leo1p.
Binding to glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.
Binding to an amino acid, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
The conjugation of arginine to the N-terminal aspartate or glutamate of a protein; required for the degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin pathway.
A protein complex that contains flotillin-1 and flotillin-2, and may contain associated proteins. Flotillins associate into membrane microdomains resembling caveolae.
The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rac family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
A heteromeric transcription factor complex that binds to the CCAAT-box upstream of promoters; functions as both an activator and a repressor, depending on its interacting cofactors. Typically trimeric consisting of NFYA, NFYB and NFYC subunits. In Saccharomyces, it activates the transcription of genes in response to growth in a nonfermentable carbon source and consists of four known subunits: HAP2, HAP3, HAP4 and HAP5.
glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutaminyl-peptide = 5-oxoprolyl-peptide + NH3.
glutaminyl-transfer ribonucleate cyclotransferase activity
glutaminyl-tRNA cyclotransferase activity
L-glutaminyl-peptide gamma-glutamyltransferase (cyclizing)
Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.
A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.
A nuclear body that is enriched in the lymphoid cell-specific protein LYSp100B; LANDs are globular, electron-dense structures and are morphologically distinct from the annular structures characteristic of PML bodies.
A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy.
growth hormone-releasing hormone activity
The action characteristic of growth hormone-releasing hormone, any of a family of peptide hormones that act on the anterior pituitary to stimulate the secretion of growth hormone and exert a trophic effect on the gland.
An enzyme complex composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer, and both are associated with metal ions, which differ between species. Both proteins are required for the enzyme activity of the complex, the formation of oxidized ferredoxin and ammonia from reduced ferredoxin and nitrogen.
An enzyme complex containing an iron-iron cluster found in species such as the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. It is composed of two main subunits, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase. Dinitrogenase, the iron-iron containing subunit, has an alpha1-beta2 or alpha2-beta2 structure, and the nitrogenase reductase subunit is a homodimer. Functions in the catalysis of the formation of oxidized ferredoxin and ammonia from reduced ferredoxin and nitrogen.
An enzyme complex containing a molybdenum-iron cluster found in many species. It is composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase, the molybdenum-iron protein, is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure, and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer.
An enzyme complex containing a vanadium-iron cluster found in some species, such as Azotobacter vinelandii. It is composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase, the vanadium-iron protein, is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure, and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group act as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, other acceptors
Catalysis of the reversible conversion of pyruvate or oxaloacetate to malate.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-L-proline + NAD+ = 4-oxoproline + NADH + H+.
4-hydroxy-L-proline:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + NADP+ = hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+.
D-glycerate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ = cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.
cinnamaldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase (CoA-cinnamoylating)
p-hydroxycinnamoyl coenzyme A reductase activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulfide as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulphide as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, iron-sulphur protein as acceptor
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, other acceptors
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an acceptor other than NAD, NADP, oxygen, an iron-sulfur protein, disulphide or a cytochrome.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, other acceptors
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
Catalysis of the reaction: 8-[(1R,2R)-3-oxo-2-{(Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl}cyclopentyl]octanoate + NADP+ = (15Z)-12-oxophyto-10,15-dienoate + H+ + NADPH.
12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase activity
8-[(1R,2R)-3-oxo-2-{(Z)-pent-2-enyl}cyclopentyl]octanoate:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADP+ = protochlorophyllide + NADPH + H+.
chlorophyllide-a:NADP+ 7,8-oxidoreductase activity
NADPH2-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase activity
NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase activity
NADPH-protochlorophyllide reductase activity
protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase activity
protochlorophyllide photooxidoreductase activity
enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)H + H+.
enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] reductase activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactono-1,4-lactone + 2 ferricytochrome c = L-ascorbate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.
L-galactono-1,4-lactone:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity
L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase activity
L-galactono-gamma-lactone:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity
L-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase activity
L-galactonolactone dehydrogenase activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, quinone or related compound as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or related compound.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, iron-sulphur protein as acceptor
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, other acceptors
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an acceptor other than quinone or related compound, a cytochrome, an iron-sulfur protein, NAD, NADP or oxygen.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, other acceptors
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome molecule.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, disulfide as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide group.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, disulphide as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, iron-sulphur protein as acceptor
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, other acceptors
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an acceptor other than a cytochrome, disulfide, an iron-sulfur protein, NAD, NADP or oxygen.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, other acceptors
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, disulfide as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, disulphide as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces quinone or similar compound.
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, other acceptors
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an acceptor other than quinone or similar compound, disulfide, NAD, NADP, oxygen or a flavin.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH, other acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, NAD(P) as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD or NADPH, NAD or NADP as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, heme protein as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a heme protein.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH, haem protein as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH, heme protein as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, quinone or similar compound as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or a similar acceptor molecule.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH, quinone or similar compound as acceptor
monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + 2 monodehydroascorbate = NAD+ + 2 ascorbate.
ascorbate free radical reductase activity
ascorbate free-radical reductase activity
ascorbic free radical reductase activity
NADH:ascorbate radical oxidoreductase activity
NADH:monodehydroascorbate oxidoreductase activity
NADH:semidehydroascorbic acid oxidoreductase activity
NADH-semidehydroascorbate oxidoreductase activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, nitrogenous group as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a nitrogenous group.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH, nitrogenous group as acceptor
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH, flavin as acceptor
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH, other acceptor
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an acceptor other than disulfide, a heme protein, NAD, NADP, a nitrogenous group, a quinone or similar compound or oxygen.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, other acceptors
oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, cytochrome as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, oxygen as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, iron-sulphur protein as acceptor
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, other acceptors
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an acceptor other than a cytochrome, an iron-sulfur protein, oxygen, NAD or NADP.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on sulfur group of donors, other acceptors
oxidoreductase activity, acting on sulphur group of donors
oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD(P) as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH, disulfide as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH, disulphide as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on sulphur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on sulphur group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on sulphur group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, disulfide as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on sulphur group of donors, disulphide as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces quinone or a related compound.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on sulphur group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on sulphur group of donors, iron-sulphur protein as acceptor
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on sulfur group of donors, other acceptors
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an acceptor other than quinone or a related compound, oxygen, NAD, NADP, an iron-sulfur protein, disulfide or a cytochrome.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on a heme group of donors
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on haem group of donors
oxidoreductase activity, acting on heme group of donors, other acceptors
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on a heme group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on a heme group of donors, nitrogenous group as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a nitrogenous group.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on haem group of donors, nitrogenous group as acceptor
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on heme group of donors, other acceptors
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an acceptor other than a nitrogenous group or oxygen.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol or related substance acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, other acceptors
oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, cytochrome as acceptor
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, oxygen as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, other acceptors
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an acceptor other than a cytochrome, NAD, NADP or oxygen.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on peroxide as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the peroxide group acts as a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate + hydrogen peroxide = dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O.
L-ascorbate:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
L-ascorbic acid-specific peroxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Mn2+ + 2 H+ + hydrogen peroxide = 2 Mn3+ + 2 H2O.
Mn(II):hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
Mn-dependent (NADH-oxidizing) peroxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanol + H2O2 = 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde + 2 H2O.
1,2-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
diarylpropane:oxygen,hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase (C-C-bond-cleaving)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 R-H + 2 chloride + H2O2 = 2 R-Cl + 2 H2O.
chloride:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O2 + NADH + H+ = 2 H2O + NAD+.
diphosphopyridine nucleotide peroxidase activity
NADH:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide peroxidase activity
obsolete bacterial catalase-peroxidase activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, other acceptors
oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, cytochrome as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, iron-sulphur protein as acceptor
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, other acceptors
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen is the electron donor and reduces an acceptor other than a cytochrome, an iron-sulfur protein, NAD, NADP or a quinone or similar compound.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and molecular oxygen is incorporated into a donor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, miscellaneous
oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and two oxygen atoms is incorporated into a donor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of one atom of oxygen (internal monooxygenases or internal mixed function oxidases)
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and one oxygen atom is incorporated into a donor.
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, miscellaneous
OBSOLETE. A grouping term for oxidoreductases acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen that cannot be more accurated categorized.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from each of two donors, and molecular oxygen is reduced or incorporated into a donor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, miscellaneous
2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: A + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = B + succinate + CO2. This is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from 2-oxoglutarate and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into each donor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom each of oxygen into both donors
Catalysis of the reaction: a gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a 3-beta-hydroxy-gibberellin + succinate + CO2.
(gibberellin-20),2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3beta-hydroxylating)
(gibberrellin-20),2-oxoglutarate: oxygen oxidoreductase (3beta-hydroxylating)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H as one donor, and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into one donor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from NADH or NADPH and one other donor, and two atoms of oxygen are incorporated into one donor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into one donor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from NADH or NADPH and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxycinnamate + NADP+ + H2O.
cytochrome P450 cinnamate 4-hydroxylase activity
trans-cinnamate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating)
trans-cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a flavonoid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3'-hydroxyflavonoid + NADP+ + H2O.
flavonoid,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3'-hydroxylating)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced flavin or flavoprotein and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.
flavoprotein-linked monooxygenase activity
substrate,reduced-flavoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (RH-hydroxylating or -epoxidizing)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced iron-sulfur protein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced iron-sulfur protein and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced iron-sulphur protein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced pteridine as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced pteridine and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced ascorbate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced ascorbate and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, another compound as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from each of two donors, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with oxidation of a pair of donors resulting in the reduction of molecular oxygen to two molecules of water
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from each of two donors, and molecular oxygen is reduced to two molecules of water.
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, miscellaneous
OBSOLETE. A grouping term for oxidoreductases, acting on paired donors with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, that cannot be more accurately categorized.
Catalysis of the reaction: neurosporene + donor-H2 + O2 = lycopene + acceptor + 2 H2O.
carotene,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
delta12-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + linoleate + O2 = A + crepenynate + 2 H2O.
delta-12 fatty acid acetylenase activity
linoleate, hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (Delta12-unsaturating)
linoleate delta12-fatty acid acetylenase (desaturase)
linoleate delta-12-fatty acid acetylenase (desaturase) activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on superoxide radicals as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a superoxide radical (O2- or O2.-) acts as a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered.
oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions
oxidoreductase activity, reducing metal ions
oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the metal ion is reduced and NAD+ or NADP+ acts as an electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions, NAD or NADP as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, reducing metal ions, NAD or NADP as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, oxygen as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered and oxygen acts as an electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions, oxygen as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, other acceptors
oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, oxygen as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, disulfide as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide group.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, disulphide as acceptor
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH2 groups, other acceptors
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an acceptor other than disulfide, NAD, NADP or oxygen.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an iron-sulfur protein acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulphur proteins as donors
oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an iron-sulfur protein acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors, dinitrogen as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an iron-sulfur protein acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces dinitrogen.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 8 reduced ferredoxin + 8 H+ + N2 + 16 ATP = 8 oxidized ferredoxin + 2 NH3 + 16 ADP + 16 phosphate.
obsolete molybdenum-iron nitrogenase activity
obsolete vanadium-iron nitrogenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 8 reduced ferredoxin + 8 H+ + nitrogen + 16 ATP = 8 oxidized ferredoxin + 2 NH3 + 16 ADP + 16 phosphate.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which reduced flavodoxin acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor, dinitrogen as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which reduced flavodoxin acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces dinitrogen.
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on other substrates
OBSOLETE. A grouping term for oxidoreductase that cannot be more accurately categorized.
Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
transferase activity, transferring one-carbon groups
Catalysis of the transfer of a one-carbon group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxymethyl- or formyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
carboxyl- or carbamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a carboxyl- or carbamoyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
carboxyl- and carbamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an aldehyde or ketonic group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
transferase activity, transferring aldehyde or ketonic groups
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
acyltransferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group, other than amino-acyl, from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups
transferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups
Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl (3-carboxypropanoyl) group to an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
sinapoylglucose-malate O-sinapoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose = D-glucose + sinapoyl (S)-malate.
1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose:(S)-malate O-sinapoyltransferase activity
1-sinapoylglucose-L-malate sinapoyltransferase activity
sinapoylglucose:malate sinapoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an amino-acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
transferase activity, transferring amino-acyl groups
glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione + Glu(-Cys)(n)-Gly = Gly + Glu(-Cys)(n+1)-Gly.
gamma-glutamylcysteine dipeptidyl transpeptidase activity
glutathione:poly(4-glutamyl-cysteinyl)glycine 4-glutamylcysteinyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
transferase activity, transferring other glycosyl groups
Catalysis of the transfer of a hexosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside-disphosphate-glucose + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = nucleoside-disphosphate + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1).
cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = UDP + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1).
UDPglucose:1,4-beta-D-glucan 4-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:1,4-beta-D-glucan 4-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-1,4-beta-glucan glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-beta-D-glucan glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose-beta-glucan glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose-cellulose glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-cellulose glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-1,4-beta-glucan glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-cellulose glucosyltransferase activity
cellulose synthase (GDP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-glucose + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = GDP + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1).
cellulose synthase (guanosine diphosphate-forming) activity
GDPglucose:1,4-beta-D-glucan 4-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
GDP-glucose:1,4-beta-D-glucan 4-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
GDP-glucose-beta-D-glucan glucosyltransferase activity
GDP-glucose-cellulose glucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphoglucose-1,4-beta-glucan glucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphoglucose-cellulose glucosyltransferase activity
xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferase activity
Catalysis of the cleavage of a beta-(1->4) bond in the backbone of a xyloglucan and transfers the xyloglucanyl segment on to O-4 of the non-reducing terminal glucose residue of an acceptor, which can be a xyloglucan or an oligosaccharide of xyloglucan.
xyloglucan:xyloglucan xyloglucanotransferase activity
xyloglucan endotransglucosylase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a pentosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
transferase activity, transferring pentosyl groups
obsolete transferase activity, transferring other glycosyl groups
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group, other than hexosyl or pentosyl, from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups
Catalysis of the transfer of an alkyl or aryl (but not methyl) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups
geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate = diphosphate + prephytoene diphosphate.
geranylgeranyl-diphosphate:geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase activity
prephytoene-diphosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + spermidine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + spermine.
S-adenosylmethioninamine:spermidine 3-aminopropyltransferase activity
spermidine aminopropyltransferase activity
transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups
Catalysis of the transfer of a nitrogenous group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
transferase activity, transferring other nitrogenous groups
obsolete transferase activity, transferring other nitrogenous groups
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the transfer of a nitrogenous group, other than amino, amidino or oxime, from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to an alcohol group (acceptor).
phosphotransferase activity, carboxyl group as acceptor
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a carboxyl group (acceptor).
phosphotransferase activity, nitrogenous group as acceptor
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a nitrogenous group (acceptor).
phosphotransferase activity, phosphate group as acceptor
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a phosphate group (acceptor).
Catalysis of the transfer of a diphosphate group from one compound (donor) to a another (acceptor).
Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant.
phosphotransferase activity, for other substituted phosphate groups
Catalysis of the transfer of a substituted phosphate group, other than diphosphate or nucleotidyl residues, from one compound (donor) to a another (acceptor).
phosphotransferase activity, paired acceptors
Catalysis of the transfer of two phosphate groups from a donor, such as ATP, to two different acceptors.
transferase activity, transferring sulphur-containing groups
Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfur-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Catalysis of the transfer of sulfur atoms from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-mercaptopyruvate + cyanide = pyruvate + thiocyanate.
3-mercaptopyruvate:cyanide sulfurtransferase activity
3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase activity
beta-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase activity
mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a selenium-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
transferase activity, transferring selenium-containing groups
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc.
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ester bond.
Catalysis of the reaction: RCO-SR' + H2O = RCOOH + HSR'. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a thiolester bond, an ester formed from a carboxylic acid and a thiol (i.e., RCO-SR'), such as that found in acetyl-coenzyme A.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
4-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase activity
p-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase activity
triphosphoric monoester hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a triphosphoester to give a triphosphate group and a free hydroxyl group.
diphosphoric monoester hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a diphosphoester to give a diphosphate group and a free hydroxyl group.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a phosphoric triester.
exonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.
exonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5' phosphomonoesters
exonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 3' phosphomonoesters.
hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any glycosyl bond.
hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing N-glycosyl compounds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any N-glycosyl bond.
hydrolase activity, acting on ether bonds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ether or thioether bond, -O- or -S- respectively.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a thioether bond, -S-.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an ether bond, -O-.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of a N-terminal proline from a peptide.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide.
obsolete dipeptidyl-peptidase and tripeptidyl-peptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-terminal di- or tripeptides from a polypeptide chain.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any carbon-nitrogen bond, C-N, with the exception of peptide bonds.
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in other compounds
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amides
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a linear amide.
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amides
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a cyclic amide.
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amidines
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a linear amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2.
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a cyclic amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2.
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in nitriles
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a nitrile, a compound containing the cyano radical, -CN.
obsolete hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in other compounds
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in substances other than amides, amidines and nitriles.
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid anhydride.
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, involved in cellular and subcellular movement
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid anhydride which contains phosphorus.
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in sulfonyl-containing anhydrides
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid anhydride which contains a sulfonyl group, -SO2-.
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in sulphonyl-containing anhydrides
obsolete hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, involved in cellular and subcellular movement
hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-carbon bonds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid carbon-carbon bond.
hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-carbon bonds, in ketonic substances
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid carbon-carbon bond in a ketonic substance, a substance containing a keto (C=O) group.
hydrolase activity, acting on acid halide bonds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid halide bond.
hydrolase activity, acting on acid phosphorus-nitrogen bonds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid phosphorus-nitrogen bond.
hydrolase activity, acting on acid sulfur-nitrogen bonds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid sulfur-nitrogen bond.
hydrolase activity, acting on acid sulphur-nitrogen bonds
hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-phosphorus bonds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid carbon-phosphorus bond.
hydrolase activity, acting on acid sulfur-sulfur bonds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid sulfur-sulfur bond.
hydrolase activity, acting on acid sulphur-sulphur bonds
Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.
Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.
Catalysis of the nonhydrolytic addition or removal of a carboxyl group to or from a compound.
Catalysis of the cleavage of a C-C bond in a molecule containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group to form two smaller molecules, each being an aldehyde or a ketone.
Catalysis of the cleavage of a C-C bond by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, of a 3-hydroxy acid.
obsolete other carbon-carbon lyase activity
OBSOLETE. A grouping term for carbon-carbon lyases that cannot be more accurately categorized.
Catalysis of the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond.
Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of water.
carbon-oxygen lyase activity, acting on polysaccharides
Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by the elimination of an alcohol from a polysaccharide.
carbon-oxygen lyase activity, acting on phosphates
Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of a phosphate.
obsolete other carbon-oxygen lyase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond. Enzymes with this activity are 'miscellaneous' carbon-oxygen lyases that cannot be grouped into one of the specific subclasses of the carbon-oxygen lyases.
Catalysis of the release of ammonia or one of its derivatives, with the formation of a double bond or ring. Enzymes with this activity may catalyze the actual elimination of the ammonia, amine or amide, e.g. CH-CH(-NH-R) = C=CH- + NH2-R. Others, however, catalyze elimination of another component, e.g. water, which is followed by spontaneous reactions that lead to breakage of the C-N bond, e.g. L-serine ammonia-lyase (EC:4.3.1.17), so that the overall reaction is C(-OH)-CH(-NH2) = CH2-CO- + NH3, i.e. an elimination with rearrangement. The sub-subclasses of EC:4.3 are the ammonia-lyases (EC:4.3.1), lyases acting on amides, amidines, etc. (EC:4.3.2), the amine-lyases (EC:4.3.3), and other carbon-nitrogen lyases (EC:4.3.99).
Catalysis of the release of ammonia by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with ammonia as a substrate.
Catalysis of the release of amides or amidines by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with an amide or amidine as a substrate.
Catalysis of the release of amines by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with an amine as a substrate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha(S)-strictosidine + H2O = secologanin + tryptamine.
3-alpha(S)-strictosidine tryptamine-lyase (secologanin-forming)
3-alpha(S)-strictosidine tryptamine-lyase activity
obsolete other carbon-nitrogen lyase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond. Enzymes with this activity are 'miscellaneous' carbon-nitrogen lyases that cannot be grouped into one of the specific subclasses of the carbon-nitrogen lyases.
Catalysis of the elimination of hydrogen sulfide or substituted H2S.
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H+.
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthetase activity
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase activity
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase activity
aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase activity
aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid synthase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-forming)
S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase activity
Catalysis of the breakage of a bond between carbon and any halogen atom.
Catalysis of the cleavage of a phosphorus-oxygen bond by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.
OBSOLETE. A grouping term for lyases that cannot be more accurately categorized.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mg2+ + protoporphyrin IX = ADP + 3 H+ + Mg-protoporphyrin IX + phosphate.
magnesium-protoporphyrin chelatase activity
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX chelatase activity
Mg-protoporphyrin IX magnesio-lyase activity
Mg-protoporphyrin IX magnesium-lyase activity
protoporphyrin IX magnesium-chelatase activity
sirohydrochlorin cobaltochelatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sirohydrochlorin + Co2+ = cobalt-sirohydrochlorin + 2 H+.
cobalt-sirohydrochlorin cobalt-lyase (sirohydrochlorin-forming)
Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in a molecule.
racemase and epimerase activity, acting on other compounds
racemase and epimerase activity, acting on amino acids and derivatives
Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in an amino acid.
racemase and epimerase activity, acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives
Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in a hydroxy acid molecule.
racemase and epimerase activity, acting on carbohydrates and derivatives
Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in a carbohydrate molecule.
obsolete racemase and epimerase activity, acting on other compounds
OBSOLETE. Racemase and epimerase activity on compounds other than amino acids, hydroxy acids, carbohydrates or their derivatives.
Catalysis of a reaction that interconverts cis and trans isomers. Atoms or groups are termed cis or trans to one another when they lie respectively on the same or on opposite sides of a reference plane identifiable as common among stereoisomers.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.
intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, other intramolecular oxidoreductases
intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, interconverting aldoses and ketoses
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor, which is an aldose or a ketose, are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.
intramolecular isomerase activity, interconverting aldoses and ketoses
intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, interconverting keto- and enol-groups
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor, which is a keto- or an enol-group, are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.
intramolecular isomerase activity, interconverting keto- and enol-groups
intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing C=C bonds
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule are rearranged, and no oxidized product appears.
intramolecular isomerase activity, transposing C=C bonds
intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing S-S bonds
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, one or more sulfur-sulfur bonds in the molecule are rearranged, and no oxidized product appears.
intramolecular isomerase activity, transposing S-S bonds
obsolete intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, other intramolecular oxidoreductases
OBSOLETE. A grouping term for intramolecular oxidoreductases that cannot be more accurately categorized.
Catalysis of the transfer of a functional group from one position to another within a single molecule.
intramolecular transferase activity, transferring other groups
intramolecular transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one position to another within a single molecule.
intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group from one position to another within a single molecule.
phosphotransferase activity, with regeneration of donors, apparently catalyzing intramolecular transfers
intramolecular transferase activity, transferring amino groups
Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from one position to another within a single molecule.
obsolete intramolecular transferase activity, transferring other groups
OBSOLETE. A grouping term for intramolecular transferases that cannot be more accurately categorized.
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = cycloartenol.
(S)-2,3-epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, cycloartenol-forming)
2,3-epoxysqualene cycloartenol-cyclase activity
2,3-epoxysqualene--cycloartenol cyclase activity
2,3-oxidosqualene-cycloartenol cyclase activity
oxidosqualene:cycloartenol cyclase activity
squalene-2,3-epoxide-cycloartenol cyclase activity
The catalysis of certain rearrangements of a molecule to break or form a ring.
OBSOLETE. A grouping term for isomerases that cannot be more accurately categorized.
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, using the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, a similar triphosphate, or a pH gradient.
ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-oxygen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
ligase activity, forming carbon-sulfur bonds
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
ligase activity, forming carbon-sulphur bonds
Catalysis of the joining of an acid and a thiol via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to ammonia (NH3) or an amide via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to an amino acid via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
Catalysis of the joining of two groups within a single molecule via a carbon-nitrogen bond, forming heterocyclic ring, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
obsolete other carbon-nitrogen ligase activity
OBSOLETE. A grouping term for carbon-nitrogen ligases that cannot be more accurately categorized.
carbon-nitrogen ligase activity, with glutamine as amido-N-donor
Catalysis of the transfer of the amide nitrogen of glutamine to a substrate. Usually composed of two subunits or domains, one that first hydrolyzes glutamine, and then transfers the resulting ammonia to the second subunit (or domain), where it acts as a source of nitrogen.
ligase activity, forming carbon-carbon bonds
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-carbon bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
ligase activity, forming phosphoric ester bonds
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, via a phosphoric ester bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + H+ phosphate. ATP hydrolysis is used in some reactions as an energy source, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient.
endodeoxyribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.
endodeoxyribonuclease activity, producing 5' phosphomonoesters
DNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3'-phosphomonoesters.
endodeoxyribonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
endodeoxyribonuclease activity, producing other than 5'-phosphomonoesters
site-specific endodeoxyribonuclease activity, specific for altered base
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages at specific sites within a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks.
RNA endonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.
endoribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
RNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3'-phosphomonoesters.
endoribonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
endoribonuclease activity, producing other than 5'-phosphomonoesters
endonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.
endoribonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
endonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3'-phosphomonoesters.
endoribonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
DNA exonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.
exodeoxyribonuclease activity, producing 5' phosphomonoesters
RNA exonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.
exoribonuclease activity, producing 5' phosphomonoesters
exoribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
RNA exonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 3' phosphomonoesters.
exoribonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome molecule.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, disulfide as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide molecule.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, disulphide as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or a similar acceptor molecule.
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, other acceptors
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an acceptor other than a cytochrome, disulfide, NAD, NADP, oxygen or a quinone or similar compound.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, other acceptors
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myosin-heavy-chain = ADP + myosin-heavy-chain phosphate.
ATP:myosin heavy-chain O-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:myosin-heavy-chain O-phosphotransferase activity
calmodulin-dependent myosin heavy chain kinase activity
sterol 3-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a sterol = UDP + an O-glucosylsterol.
sterol:UDPG glucosyltransferase activity
sterol 3beta-glucosyltransferase activity
sterol-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPG:sterol glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:sterol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:sterol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:sterol glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-sterol beta-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-sterol glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-poriferasterol glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-sterol glucosyltransferase activity
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
Combining with acetylcholine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
acetylcholine receptor activity, G-protein coupled
G protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
metabotropic acetylcholine receptor activity
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activity
The action characteristic of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a gonadotrophic glycoprotein hormone secreted, in mammals, by the anterior pituitary gland. Upon receptor binding, FSH stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in the ovaries in females, and stimulates the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules to increase spermatogenesis.
A gonadotrophic glycoprotein hormone secreted, in mammals, by the anterior pituitary gland; consists of alpha and beta subunits, the latter of which confers hormonal specificity.
OBSOLETE. A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked beta subunits, that is synthesized in the pituitary gland and gonads and stimulates the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone.
OBSOLETE. Either of two glycoproteins (designated A and B), secreted by the gonads and present in seminal plasma and follicular fluid, that inhibit pituitary production of follicle-stimulating hormone.
Combining with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) is an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor activity
Binding to retinal, one of the forms of vitamin A. Retinal plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates, combining with opsins to form visual pigments in the retina.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of polypeptides, preferably at the first bond of Xaa-Arg-Lys, and less commonly at the first bond of Arg-Arg-Xaa, in which Xaa is not Arg or Lys.
Catalysis of the release of the N-terminal pyroglutamyl group from a peptide or protein.
obsolete pyroglutamyl-peptidase II activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of the N-terminal pyroglutamyl group from pGlu-His-Xaa tripeptides and pGlu-His-Xaa-Gly tetrapeptides.
Binding to a nuclear receptor protein. Nuclear receptor proteins are DNA-binding transcription factors which are regulated by binding to a ligand.
ligand-dependent nuclear receptor binding
ligand-dependent nuclear receptor interactor activity
obsolete ligand-dependent thyroid hormone receptor interactor activity
OBSOLETE. Ligand dependent interaction with the thyroid hormone receptor.
The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxy-terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.
small ubiquitin-related protein 1 conjugation
The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.
An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves SUMO from a target protein to which it is conjugated.
extracellularly glycine-gated ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glycine is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.
extracellular-glycine-gated ion channel activity
extracellularly glycine-gated chloride channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when glycine is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.
extracellular-glycine-gated chloride channel activity
glycine-inhibited chloride channel activity
A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which chloride ions may pass in response to glycine binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Binding to a glycoside in which the sugar group is galactose.
short-branched-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor, where the acyl group is a short branched chain fatty acid residue.
A complex of two kinesin heavy chains and two kinesin light chains.
A complex consisting of two distinct motor subunits that form a heterodimer complexed with a third non-motor accessory subunit, the kinesin associated protein or KAP; the KIF3 heterodimer interacts via its C-terminal portion with KAP, which is thought to regulate the binding of the motor to cargo membranes.
Combining with a natriuretic peptide and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex
A complex of proteins which includes the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and a number of IGF-binding proteins. The complex plays a role in growth and development.
obsolete RNA polymerase I transcription elongation factor activity
OBSOLETE. Any activity that modulates the rate of transcription elongation, the addition of ribonucleotides to an RNA molecule catalyzed by RNA polymerase I following transcription initiation.
obsolete RNA polymerase II transcription elongation factor activity
OBSOLETE. Any activity that modulates the rate of transcription elongation, the addition of ribonucleotides to an RNA molecule catalyzed by RNA polymerase II following transcription initiation.
obsolete RNA polymerase III transcription elongation factor activity
OBSOLETE. Any activity that modulates the rate of transcription elongation, the addition of ribonucleotides to an RNA molecule catalyzed by RNA polymerase III following transcription initiation.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Cleavage of substrates with Phe and Leu in P2.
obsolete receptor-associated protein activity
obsolete alpha-2 macroglobulin receptor-associated protein activity
OBSOLETE. Interaction with the alpha-2 macroglobulin receptor and glycoprotein gp330 forming a complex with the alpha-2 macroglobulin receptor light and heavy chains.
Combining with alpha-2 macroglobulin and delivering alpha-2 macroglobulin into the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 ferricytochrome c + nitrous oxide = 2 H+ + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 nitric oxide.
cytochrome bc nitric oxide reductase activity
nitrous-oxide:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (NO-forming)
nitrous-oxide:acceptor oxidoreductase (NO-forming)
OBSOLETE. An oxygen carrier found in a few groups of invertebrates, e.g. sipunculid worms, certain molluscs, and crustaceans.
OBSOLETE. A blue, copper-containing oxygen carrier present in many molluscs and arthropods.
flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase activity
Catalysis of the formation of disulfide bridges in proteins using FAD as the electron acceptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4 R'C(R)SH + O2 = 2 R'C(R)S-S(R)CR' + 2 H2O2.
The directed movement of poly(A)+ mRNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
poly(A)+ mRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
OBSOLETE. Inhibition of proteinase by a mechanism involving a bait region which contains specific sites, cleavage of which induces a conformational change that results in trapping of the proteinase; following cleavage in the bait region a thiolester bond is hydrolyzed and mediates the covalent binding of the protein to the proteinase; subsequently epsilon-amino groups of the proteinase react with thiolester linkages in the inhibitor to form stable amide links; the entrapped proteinase can now only act on low molecular mass substrates.
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of beta-1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine residues in a partly acetylated chitosan.
chitosan N-acetylglucosaminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the lipoylation of a protein in two steps: ATP + (R)-lipoate + a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-L-lysine = a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine + AMP + diphosphate (overall reaction): (1) ATP + (R)-lipoate = lipoyl-AMP + diphosphate; (2) lipoyl-AMP + a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-L-lysine = a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine + AMP.
lipoate-protein ligase activity (lipoylation of glycine cleavage complex)
Catalysis of the reaction: creatine + H2O = sarcosine + urea.
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate + 2 H+ = CO2 + D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + H2O.
D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity
D-ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase activity
ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity
ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity
ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity
ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase activity
ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity
ribulose diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity
ribulose diphosphate carboxylase activity
mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase activity
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, galactomannans, glucomannans, and galactoglucomannans.
1,4-beta-D-mannan mannanohydrolase activity
beta-1,4-mannan 4-mannanohydrolase activity
obsolete transcription initiation factor activity
OBSOLETE. Plays a role in regulating transcription initiation.
Sigma factors act as the promoter specificity subunit of eubacterial and plant plastid multisubunit RNA polymerases, whose core subunit composition is often described as alpha(2)-beta-beta-prime. Although sigma does not bind DNA on its own, when combined with the core to form the holoenzyme, the sigma factor binds specifically to promoter elements. The sigma subunit is released once elongation begins.
core DNA-dependent RNA polymerase binding promoter specificity activity
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase promoter selection factor
obsolete transcription initiation factor antagonist activity
OBSOLETE. The function of binding to a transcription factor and stopping, preventing or reducing the rate of its transcriptional activity.
The function of binding to a sigma factor and stopping, preventing or reducing the rate of its transcriptional activity.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine + 2 sulfur + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + 2 L-methionine + 2 5'-deoxyadenosyl.
protein 6-N-(octanoyl)lysine:sulfur sulfurtransferase activity
protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine:sulfur sulfurtransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: precorrin-8X = hydrogenobyrinate.
hydrogenobyrinic acid-binding protein activity
precorrin-8X 11,12-methylmutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: precorrin-6B + NADP+ = precorrin-6A + NADPH + H+.
precorrin-6B:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
precorrin-6Y:NADP(+) oxidoreductase activity
precorrin-6Y:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + O2 = cholest-5-en-3-one + H2O2.
3beta-hydroxysteroid:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
3beta-hydroxy steroid oxidoreductase activity
cholesterol:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (2->8)-alpha-sialosyl linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids.
poly(alpha-2,8-sialoside) alpha-2,8-sialosylhydrolase activity
poly(alpha-2,8-sialosyl) endo-N-acetylneuraminidase activity
polysialoside (2->8)-alpha-sialosylhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-glycosidic linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids.
cell wall macromolecule catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall.
cellular cell wall macromolecule breakdown
cellular cell wall macromolecule catabolic process
cellular cell wall macromolecule catabolism
cellular cell wall macromolecule degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.
Combining with activin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Activin is one of two gonadal glycoproteins related to transforming growth factor beta.
The covalent linkage of heme and a protein.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cytochrome complex. A cytochrome complex is a protein complex in which at least one of the proteins is a cytochrome, i.e. a heme-containing protein involved in catalysis of redox reactions.
3'-tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 3'-phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between DNA topoisomerase I and DNA.
The covalent linking of a tetrapyrrole to a protein.
The covalent linkage of bilin and a protein.
The linkage of the chromophore phycobiliviolin to phycoerythrocyanin.
The linkage of the chromophore phycocyanobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin.
The linkage of the chromophore phycourobilin to phycoerythrins.
The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrins.
The linkage of the chromophore phytochromobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin.
The addition of a flavin group to a protein amino acid.
The covalent addition of a nitric oxide group to an amino acid within a protein.
regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway
regulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway
regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway
MAP kinase tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: MAP kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine + phosphate.
dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphomyosin + H2O = myosin + phosphate.
myosin phosphatase, intrinsic catalyst activity
Binds to and modulates of the activity of myosin phosphatase.
myosin phosphatase, intrinsic regulator activity
obsolete myosin phosphatase myosin binding
Binding to a myosin; myosins are any of a superfamily of molecular motor proteins that bind to actin and use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to generate force and movement along actin filaments.
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the removal of the phosphate group from phosphomyosin. Composed of a PP1 catalytic subunit (PP1c/PPP1CB) and a myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT1/PPP1R12A).
Binding to a class I myosin; myosin I heavy chains are single-headed, possess tails of various lengths, and do not self-associate into bipolar filaments.
Binding to a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP), including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs).
TBP-related factor (TRF) protein binding
obsolete procollagen C-endopeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of the C-terminal propeptide at Ala-Asp in type I and II procollagens and at Arg-Asp in type III.
obsolete transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase receptor-associated protein activity
OBSOLETE. Strengthening of a bond between proteins. Proteins are large molecules composed of one or more chains of amino acids. The amino acids are joined in a specific order by peptide bonds.
obsolete lysosomal protein stabilization
obsolete beta-galactosidase stabilization activity
OBSOLETE. Stabilization of the structure of beta-galactosidase.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + K+(out) = amino acid(in) + K+(in).
The targeting and directed movement of proteins into a cell or organelle. Not all import involves an initial targeting event.
obsolete dipeptidyl-peptidase III activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal dipeptide from a peptide comprising four or more residues, with broad specificity; also acts on dipeptidyl 2-naphthylamides.
N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a fatty acid + sphingosine.
galactosylgalactosylglucosylceramidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = lactosyl-N-acylsphingosine + D-galactose.
ceramidetrihexoside alpha-galactosidase activity
D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine galactohydrolase activity
trihexosylceramide alpha-galactosidase activity
trihexosyl ceramide galactosidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a sugar + N-acylsphingosine.
glycosyl ceramide glycosylhydrolase activity
glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine glycohydrolase activity
OBSOLETE. A polypeptide hormone which stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete glucocorticoid hormones.
The action characteristic of melanocyte-stimulating hormone, any of three peptide hormones that are produced by the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland and, upon receptor binding, cause dispersal of melanosomes in melanophores of poikilothermic vertebrates.
alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone activity
alpha-melanophore stimulating hormone activity
corticotropin-releasing hormone activity
The action characteristic of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), any of a number of peptides released by the mammalian hypothalamus into the hypophyseal-portal circulation in response to neural and/or chemical stimuli. Upon receptor binding, CRH increases the rate of corticotropin secretion by the anterior pituitary.
Binding to a peptide with hormonal activity in animals.
Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine + ATP = sphingosine 1-phosphate + ADP.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + retinol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + anhydroretinol.
obsolete insulin-like growth factor binding protein
A protein complex that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription.
cytoplasmic transcriptional repressor complex
nuclear transcriptional repressor complex
A heterodimeric protein complex that can stably associate with TATA-binding protein on promoters, thereby preventing the assembly of transcription factors TFIIA and TFIIB and leading to repression of RNA polymerase II transcription. The two subunits, NC2alpha (Drap1) and NC2beta (Dr1), dimerize through histone fold domains of the H2A/H2B type present in the amino termini.
negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.
downregulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
down regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
down-regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
inhibition of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional pre-initiation complex assembly
negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional pre-initiation complex biosynthesis
negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex formation
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the nuclear pore complex, a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that allows the transfer of macromolecules.
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O = 6-phospho-D-gluconate + H+.
6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone lactonohydrolase activity
Binding to a FH1 domain of a protein, a proline-rich domain, usually located in front of a FH2 domain.
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a palmitoyl on to serine, forming 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine.
3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = GDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,4)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.
(Le(a))-dependent (alpha-3/4)-fucosyltransferase activity
(Lea)-dependent (alpha-3/4)-fucosyltransferase activity
3-alpha-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
alpha-(1,3/1,4) fucosyltransferase III activity
alpha(1,4)-L-fucosyltransferase activity
alpha-(1,4)-L-fucosyltransferase activity
alpha-(1->4)-L-fucosyltransferase activity
beta-acetylglucosaminylsaccharide fucosyltransferase activity
blood group Lewis alpha-4-fucosyltransferase activity
blood-group substance Le(a)-dependent fucosyltransferase activity
blood-group substance Lea-dependent fucosyltransferase
galactoside 3(4)-L-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-beta-L-fucose:3-beta-D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R 4I-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-L-fucose:3-beta-D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R 4I-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphofucose-beta-acetylglucosaminylsaccharide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphofucose-glycoprotein 4-alpha-fucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphofucose-glycoprotein 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
Lewis(Le) blood group gene-dependent alpha-(1,3/4)-L-fucosyltransferase activity
Lewis(Le) blood group gene-dependent alpha-(1->3/4)-L-fucosyltransferase activity
Lewis alpha-(1,3/4)-fucosyltransferase activity
Lewis alpha-(1->3/4)-fucosyltransferase activity
Lewis blood group alpha-(1,3/4)-fucosyltransferase activity
Lewis blood group alpha-(1->3/4)-fucosyltransferase activity
S-methyl-5-thioadenosine phosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-methylthioadenosine + phosphate = adenine + 5-methylthio-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase activity
5'-methylthioadenosine:phosphate methylthio-D-ribosyl-transferase activity
5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase activity
methylthioadenosine nucleoside phosphorylase activity
methylthioadenosine phosphorylase activity
S-methyl-5-thioadenosine:phosphate S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribosyl-transferase activity
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex, a transmembrane lipoprotein complex that it catalyzes the reduction of cytochrome c by accepting reducing equivalents from Coenzyme Q, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.
coenzyme Q and cytochrome c reductase complex assembly
coenzyme Q and cytochrome c reductase complex biogenesis
obsolete phosphatidylserine-specific phospholipase A1 activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 2-acylglycerophosphocholine + a fatty acid anion.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a fatty acid amide to yield a fatty acid.
single-strand selective uracil DNA N-glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar, releasing a free base and leaving an apyrimidinic (AP) site. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove uracil bases present in single-stranded DNA.
single-strand selective monofunctional uracil-DNA glycosylase activity
tyrosine-ester sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + L-tyrosine methyl ester = L-tyrosine methyl ester 4-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:L-tyrosine-methyl-ester sulfotransferase activity
L-tyrosine methyl ester sulfotransferase activity
tyrosine-ester sulphotransferase activity
Binding to a U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA).
intracellular cyclic nucleotide activated cation channel complex
A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which cations ions may pass in response to an intracellular cyclic nucleotide binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
obsolete tubulin-specific chaperone activity
OBSOLETE. Assists in the correct, non-covalent assembly of tubulin-containing structures in vivo, but is not a component of the assembled structures when performing its normal biological function.
obsolete procollagen N-endopeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-propeptide of collagen chain alpha-1(I) at Pro-Gln and of alpha-1(II) and alpha-2(I) chains at Ala-Gln.
Binding to a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity
Enables the transfer of protons from mitochondrial intermembrane space into mitochondrial matrix, dissipating the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane established by the electron transport chain during the oxidative phosphorylation (proton leak). Proton leak uncouples the processes of electron transport/proton generation and ATP synthesis.
mitochondrial uncoupling protein activity
obsolete Hsc70 protein regulator activity
OBSOLETE. Binds to and modulates the activity of the molecular chaperone Hsc70.
Binds to and modulates the activity of a sodium channel.
Binds to and modulates the activity of a chloride channel.
obsolete mineralocorticoid receptor activity
OBSOLETE. Combining with a mineralocorticoid and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by binding to a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-beta-L-fucose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = GDP + 1,4-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,3)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.
galactoside 3-fucosyltransferase activity
galactoside 3-L-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-beta-L-fucose:1,4-beta-D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-beta-L-fucose:1,4-beta-D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R 3-L-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-L-fucose:1,4-beta-D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R 3-L-fucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphofucose-glucoside alpha1->3-fucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphofucose-glucoside alpha-1->3-fucosyltransferase activity
Lewis-negative alpha-3-fucosyltransferase activity
plasma alpha-3-fucosyltransferase activity
delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + NADPH = ADP + L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate.
D1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insecticide stimulus. Insecticides are chemicals used to kill insects.
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) complex
A protein complex that catalyzes the reaction 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + lipoamide = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-dihydrolipoamide + carbon dioxide (CO2). This requires thiamine diphosphate; the enzyme also acts on (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate and 4-methyl-2-oxo-pentanoate.
branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex
mitochondrial processing peptidase complex
A protein complex consisting of a regulatory subunit (alpha-MPP) and a catalytic subunit (beta-MPP) that catalyzes the release of N-terminal targeting peptides from precursor proteins imported into the mitochondrion.
obsolete X-Pro dipeptidyl-peptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal bond of Xaa-Pro-Xaa motifs to release unblocked, N-terminal dipeptides from substrates including Ala-Pro-para-nitroanilide and (sequentially, at the second, fourth and sixth bonds) of the motif Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro-Ile.
Removes a glycolipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle. A glycolipid is a compound usually containing 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid.
intermembrane glycolipid transfer activity
intermembrane glycolipid transporter activity
A protein complex that is located in the cell membrane, and is involved in the metabolism of peptides, including neuropeptides. The complex has metalloendopeptidase activity that catalyzes the hydrolysis of protein and peptide substrates, preferentially on carboxyl side of hydrophobic residues.
obsolete sterol regulatory element-binding protein site 2 protease activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage, within the membrane-spanning helix, of the amino-terminal half (the intermediate form) of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP). This activity releases the transcription factor domain of SREBP from the membrane, freeing it to enter the nucleus.
obsolete sterol regulatory element-binding protein protease activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within a sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP). SREBPs are transcription factors that bind sterol regulatory elements (SREs), DNA motifs found in the promoters of target genes.
obsolete sterol regulatory element-binding protein site 1 protease activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of a Leu-Ser bond within the luminal loop of a sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP). This activity is the first of two sequential cleavage reactions and cleaves SREBP into two membrane-bound halves.
heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfate; results in 6-O-sulfation of glucosamine residues in heparan sulfate.
heparan sulphate 6-O-sulphotransferase activity
acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-acetylserotonin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + melatonin. Melatonin is also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine.
acetylserotonin methyltransferase activity
hydroxyindole methyltransferase activity
hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase activity
N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase activity
Binding to a sulfonylurea receptor, a regulatory subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium ion channel.
very-long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a very-long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a very-long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.
very long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex
A multienzyme complex found in all multicellular eukaryotes composed of eight proteins with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities (abbreviated as: ArgRS, AspRS, GluProRS, GlnRS, IleRS, LeuRS, LysRS, MetRS where RS is the enzyme, preceded by the amino acid it uses as a substrate) as well as three non-synthetase proteins (p43, p38, and p18) with diverse functions. Several of these subunits are known dimers, so the total polypeptide count in the multisynthetase complex is at least fifteen. All of the enzymes in this assembly catalyze the same reaction, the covalent attachment of an amino acid to either the 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl of the 3'-terminal adenosine of tRNA, but using different substrates.
methionyl glutamyl tRNA synthetase complex
A complex consisting of methionyl- and glutamyl-tRNA synthetases. The tRNA synthetases present in the complex bind to their cognate tRNAs more efficiently than they do as monomers.
UTP:galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-D-galactose.
alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
galactose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity
galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphate galactose pyrophosphorylase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose pyrophosphorylase activity
UTP:alpha-D-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
UTP:hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
UTP-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
acyl-CoA delta11-(Z)-desaturase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an 11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = an (11Z)-delta-11-fatty acyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.
myristoyl-CoA 11-(Z) desaturase activity
OBSOLETE. Acts to negatively regulate the activity of activin, a nonsteroidal regulator synthesized in the pituitary gland and gonads that stimulates the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone.
obsolete anion exchanger adaptor activity
OBSOLETE. The binding activity of a molecule that brings together an anion exchanger and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.
Catalysis of the cleavage of a 5' flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the 5' ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis.
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate to cysteine, forming glutamylcysteine.
gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase complex
nucleoside diphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside diphosphate + H2O = a nucleoside monophosphate + phosphate.
nucleoside diphosphate phosphohydrolase activity
nucleoside-diphosphate phosphohydrolase activity
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a ribonucleoside triphosphate + H2O = a ribonucleoside diphosphate + H+ + phosphate.
nucleoside-5-triphosphate phosphohydrolase activity
nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase activity
nucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity
nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase activity
dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + NADP+ = uracil + NADPH + H+.
4,5-dihydrothymine: oxidoreductase activity
5,6-dihydrouracil:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
dehydrogenase, dihydrouracil (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity
dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
obsolete wide-spectrum protease inhibitor activity
OBSOLETE. Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protease by a wide-spectrum protease inhibitor. A wide-spectrum protease inhibitor is a protein having a peptide stretch which contains specific cleavage sites for different proteinases enabling inhibition of all four classes of proteinases by formation of a covalent bond between the inhibitor and the protease.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of single-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of a DNA helix.
single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity
single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
ssDNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase complex
A protein complex that possesses single-stranded DNA-dependent DNA helicase activity.
ssDNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase complex
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lipoyl-5'-AMP + L-lysyl-[lipoyl-carrier protein] = (R)-N6-lipoyl-L-lysyl-[lipoyl-carrier protein] + AMP + 2 H+.
A multisubunit tethering complex of the CATCHR family (complexes associated with tethering containing helical rods) that has a role in tethering vesicles to the Golgi prior to fusion. Composed of 8 subunits COG1-8.
obsolete polyphosphatidylinositol phosphatase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the conversion of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, and phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate, but not PI-4,5-bisphosphate, to phosphatidylinositol; PPIPase activity is a key regulator of membrane trafficking and actin cytoskeleton organization.
The movement of a population of phospholipid molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet, resulting in loss of lipid asymmetry and surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE).
protein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase complex
A protein complex capable of protein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity, the addition of nucleotide-activated sugars onto the polypeptide according to reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + protein = UDP + 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein. The complex has different compositions in different species: In mammals it is often a homotrimer, in bacteria a heterotetramer of 2 different subunits.
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Binding to a SH3 domain (Src homology 3) of a protein, small protein modules containing approximately 50 amino acid residues found in a great variety of intracellular or membrane-associated proteins.
Catalysis of the insertion of a dCMP residue opposite a template abasic site in DNA.
deoxycytidyl transferase activity, template-dependent
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Catalysis of the movement of phospholipids from one membrane bilayer leaflet to the other, by an ATP-independent mechanism.
Binding to a sequence of cytosine residues in an RNA molecule.
uridine-rich cytoplasmic polyadenylylation element binding
Binding to a U-rich sequence in the 3'-end of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs; required for cytoplasmic polyadenylylation.
uridine-rich cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding
mitochondrial electron transfer flavoprotein complex
A protein complex located in the mitochondrion. It contains flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that, together with an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, forms a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors in the mitochondrial electron transport system.
obsolete membrane-associated protein with guanylate kinase activity interacting
OBSOLETE. The interaction with synapse-associated membrane-associated protein with guanylate kinase activity.
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone.
obsolete arsenate sensitivity/resistance
obsolete antibiotic susceptibility/resistance
obsolete toxin susceptibility/resistance
The chemical reactions and pathways involving insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects.
The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types.
NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex
An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. NMDA receptors are composed of assemblies of NR1 subunits (Figure 3) and NR2 subunits, which can be one of four separate gene products (NR2A-D). Expression of both subunits are required to form functional channels. The glutamate binding domain is formed at the junction of NR1 and NR2 subunits. NMDA receptors are permeable to calcium ions as well as being permeable to other ions. Thus NMDA receptor activation leads to a calcium influx into the post-synaptic cells, a signal thought to be crucial for the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent LTP and LTD.
N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor complex
Binding to a Wnt-protein, a secreted growth factor involved in signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.
downregulation of protein biosynthetic process
down regulation of protein biosynthetic process
down-regulation of protein biosynthetic process
inhibition of protein biosynthetic process
negative regulation of protein anabolism
negative regulation of protein biosynthesis
negative regulation of protein biosynthetic process
negative regulation of protein formation
negative regulation of protein synthesis
protein biosynthetic process inhibitor activity
obsolete protein biosynthetic process inhibitor activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA-uracil + acceptor = tRNA-dihydrouridine + reduced acceptor.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in).
sodium:dicarboxylate cotransporter activity
Combining with a semaphorin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
obsolete sodium:hydrogen antiporter regulator activity
The release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, induced by a rise in cytosolic calcium-ion levels.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.
regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantetheine + H2O = (R)-pantothenate + cysteamine.
inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 4-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,3-bisphosphate + phosphate.
Binding to an aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
obsolete basal transcription repressor activity
OBSOLETE. Any transcription regulator activity that prevents or downregulates basal transcription. Basal transcription results from transcription that is controlled by the minimal complement of proteins necessary to reconstitute transcription from a minimal promoter.
obsolete nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-associated protein activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of dipeptides Asp-Xaa; does not act on peptides with N-terminal Glu, Asn or Gln, nor does it cleave isoaspartyl peptides.
Binding to vinculin, a protein found in muscle, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells that binds actin and appears to mediate attachment of actin filaments to integral proteins of the plasma membrane.
5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxo-L-proline + ATP + 2 H2O = L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
5-oxo-L-proline amidohydrolase (ATP-hydrolysing)
pyroglutamase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity
CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP + alcohol = CMP + phosphatidyl alcohol.
OBSOLETE. Binding to Ku70, a protein involved in non-homologous DNA end joining.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a substrate by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + O2 = 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase activity
obsolete IMP-GMP specific 5'-nucleotidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the conversion of 5'-ribonucleotides to ribonucleosides and phosphate, with specificity for IMP or GMP 5'-ribonucleotides and H2O as a nucleophile.
phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + phosphatidylinositol = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol.
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)transferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:phosphatidylinositol N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine alpha1,6-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine alpha-1,6-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
A heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the trimming of glucose residues from N-linked core glycans on newly synthesized glycoproteins.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + diphthine + NH4 = ADP + diphthamide + H+ + phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptidyl-diphthine, a modified histidine residue.
peptidyl-diphthine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-histidine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-diphthine from other compounds, including peptidyl-histidine.
peptidyl-diphthine anabolism from peptidyl-histidine
peptidyl-diphthine formation from peptidyl-histidine
peptidyl-diphthine synthesis from peptidyl-histidine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptidyl-diphthine, a modified histidine residue.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptidyl-diphthamide, a modified histidine residue.
peptidyl-diphthamide biosynthetic process from peptidyl-histidine
The modification of peptidyl-histidine to 2'-(3-carboxamido-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-L-histidine, known as diphthamide, found in translation elongation factor EF-2. The process occurs in eukaryotes and archaea but not eubacteria.
peptidyl-diphthamide anabolism from peptidyl-histidine
peptidyl-diphthamide formation from peptidyl-histidine
peptidyl-diphthamide synthesis from peptidyl-histidine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptidyl-diphthamide, a modified histidine residue.
The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-hydroxylysine.
peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid biosynthetic process, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid, catalyzed by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase.
2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid biosynthesis
2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid biosynthetic process
peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid anabolism, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase
peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid formation, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase
peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid synthesis, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase
The gamma-carboxylation of peptidyl-glutamic acid; catalyzed by the vitamin K dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-aspartate + CoA + H+.
acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase activity
L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase activity
The acetylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins; catalyzed by peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase or other enzymes of this class, such as ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase.
N-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid acetylation
The acetylation of the N-terminal aspartic acid of proteins; catalyzed by aspartate N-acetyltransferase.
N-terminal peptidyl-glutamine acetylation
The acetylation of a glutamine residue in protein to form the N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed. Its annotation in sequence databases is either due to the misidentification of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, or to inappropriate homolog comparisons when proteolytic modification is more probable.
The acetylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetylglycine.
N-terminal peptidyl-isoleucine acetylation
The acetylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-isoleucine. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed.
N-terminal peptidyl-lysine N2-acetylation
The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins to form the derivative N2-acetyl-L-lysine. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed.
N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation
The acetylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-methionine.
The acetylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-proline.
The acetylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-serine.
N-terminal peptidyl-threonine acetylation
The acetylation of the N-terminal threonine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-threonine; catalyzed by peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase.
N-terminal peptidyl-tyrosine acetylation
The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-tyrosine.
The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-valine.
N-terminal peptidyl-glutamic acid acetylation
The acetylation of the N-terminal glutamic acid of proteins to form the derivate acetyl-glutamic acid.
The acetylation of the peptidyl-lysine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N6-acetyl-L-lysine.
The formylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
N-terminal peptidyl-glycine N-formylation
The formylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-formylglycine.
N-terminal protein amino acid glucuronylation
The glucuronylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
N-terminal peptidyl-glycine N-glucuronylation
The glucuronylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative D-glucuronyl-N-glycine.
N-terminal peptidyl-glycine N-myristoylation
The myristoylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-myristoyl-glycine.
N-terminal peptidyl-glycine N-myristylation
N-terminal peptidyl-L-cysteine N-palmitoylation
The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen (N) atom in an N-terminal cysteine residue to form N-palmitoyl-L-cysteine.
obsolete glycoprotein N-palmitoyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + glycoprotein = CoA + N-palmitoylglycoprotein.
The methylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins.
N-terminal peptidyl-alanine trimethylation
The trimethylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-L-alanine.
The methylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-methylglycine.
N-terminal peptidyl-methionine methylation
The methylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-methionine.
N-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine methylation
The methylation of the N-terminal phenylalanine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-phenylalanine.
N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation
The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethyl-L-proline.
N-terminal peptidyl-glutamine methylation
The methylation of a glutamine residue in proteins to form the peptidyl-N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative.
The addition of a methyl group to a glutamic acid residue in a protein.
The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-1'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-methylhistidine, tele-methylhistidine) or peptidyl-L-3'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-methylhistidine, pros-methylhistidine).
The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form either the mono-, di- or trimethylated derivative.
The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine.
obsolete histone lysine N-methyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine. The methylation of peptidyl-lysine in histones forms N6-methyl-L-lysine, N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine and N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine derivatives.
calmodulin-lysine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + calmodulin L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + calmodulin N6-methyl-L-lysine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:calmodulin-L-lysine 6-N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:calmodulin-L-lysine N6-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosylmethionine:calmodulin (lysine) N-methyltransferase activity
The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-methyl-L-lysine.
The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine.
The myristoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-myristoyl-L-lysine.
The palmitoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-palmitoyl-L-lysine.
peptidyl-lysine N6-myristoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl group to the N6 nitrogen atom on a lysine residue of a peptide or protein molecule.
peptidyl-lysine N6-palmitoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to the N6 nitrogen atom on a lysine residue of a peptide or protein molecule.
Addition of an amide group from a glycine to a protein amino acid.
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-alanine amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-alanine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Ala-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-arginine amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-arginine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Arg-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-asparagine amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-asparagine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Asn-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid 1-amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Asp-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-cysteine amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-cysteine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Cys-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-glutamine amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glutamine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Gln-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-glutamic acid amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glutamic acid amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Glu-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-glycine amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine acid amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Gly-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-histidine amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-histidine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior His-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-isoleucine amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-isoleucine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Ile-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-leucine amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-leucine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Leu-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-lysine amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-lysine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Lys-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-methionine amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-methionine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Met-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Phe-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-proline amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-proline amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Pro-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-serine amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Ser-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-threonine amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-threonine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Thr-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-tryptophan amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-tryptophan amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Trp-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-tyrosine amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-tyrosine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Tyr-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-valine amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-valine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Val-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
OBSOLETE. The covalent modification of peptidyl-lysine by biotin to form peptidyl-N6-biotinyl-L-lysine.
The oxidation of the terminal amino-methylene groups of peptidyl-L-lysine or peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine to aldehyde groups to form allysine or hydroxyallysine residues, respectively; these are intermediates in the formation of covalent cross-links between adjacent polypeptide chains in proteins such as collagens.
N-terminal protein amino acid deamination, from amino carbon
The oxidative deamination of the alpha carbon of an encoded N-terminal amino acid, to form pyruvic acid retaining an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the adjacent residue. The pyruvate 2-oxo group may become an enzyme active site, or it may be reduced to an alcohol.
The oxidative deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-serine to form pyruvic acid with an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the N-terminal residue.
N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine deamination
The oxidative deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine to form pyruvic acid with an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the N-terminal residue.
peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-phenylalanine
The modification of a N-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine residue by either oxidative deamination or by transamination and subsequent reduction to form peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid.
peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid anabolism from peptidyl-phenylalanine
peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid formation from peptidyl-phenylalanine
peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid synthesis from peptidyl-phenylalanine
The modification of an N-terminal peptidyl-tryptophan residue to form peptidyl-N2-succinyl-L-tryptophan.
The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme.
protein-L-histidine N-tele-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N(tele)-methyl-L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
actin-specific histidine methyltransferase activity
peptidyl-histidine N-methyltransferase activity
protein (histidine) methyltransferase activity
protein-histidine N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protein-L-histidine N-tele-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl methionine:protein-histidine N-methyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. The covalent attachment of a cofactor to a protein.
peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine
The modification of protein tyrosine to peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA).
peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine anabolism from peptidyl-tyrosine
peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine formation from peptidyl-tyrosine
peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine synthesis from peptidyl-tyrosine
peptidyl-L-2',4',5'-topaquinone biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine
The modification of protein tyrosine to L-2',4',5'-topaquinone, characteristic of the active site of copper amine oxidases.
peptidyl-L-2',4',5'-topaquinone anabolism from peptidyl-tyrosine
peptidyl-L-2',4',5'-topaquinone formation from peptidyl-tyrosine
peptidyl-L-2',4',5'-topaquinone synthesis from peptidyl-tyrosine
peptide cross-linking via 4'-(L-tryptophan)-L-tryptophyl quinone
The cross-linking of a tryptophan residue to tryptophyl quinone to form 4'-(L-tryptophan)-L-tryptophyl quinone, a cofactor found at the active site of methylamine dehydrogenase.
peptidyl-serine phosphopantetheinylation
The phosphopantetheinylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phosphopantetheine-L-serine.
NAD(P)-cysteine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-cysteine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-cysteine.
peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamic acid
The modification of peptidyl-glutamic acid residues by the covalent attachment of ethanolamine, itself further modified by the addition of a phosphoglycerol unit.
peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine anabolism from peptidyl-glutamic acid
peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine formation from peptidyl-glutamic acid
peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine synthesis from peptidyl-glutamic acid
OBSOLETE. The addition of one or more bromine atoms to an amino acid residue in a protein.
OBSOLETE. The bromination of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-L-bromohistidine; the position of the bromine substitution is unknown.
obsolete peptidyl-phenylalanine bromination
OBSOLETE. The bromination of phenylalanine.
The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins.
OBSOLETE. The addition of one or more iodine atoms to an amino acid residue in a protein.
OBSOLETE. The iodination of peptidyl-thyronine, formed from tyrosine.
OBSOLETE. The addition of a halogen to a protein amino acid.
obsolete peptidyl-tryptophan bromination
OBSOLETE. The bromination of peptidyl-tryptophan, to form peptidyl-L-6'-bromotryptophan.
peptide cross-linking via lanthionine or 3-methyl-lanthionine
The synthesis of (2R,6R)-lanthionine, sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine or (2S,3S,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine, forming an intra-polypeptide cross-link between peptidyl-cysteine, and peptidyl-serine or peptidyl-threonine; dehydration of the serine or threonine residue to the alpha,beta-unsaturated amino acid is the first step; a bond then forms between the ethylene (ethene) group thus formed and the sulfur atom of a cysteine, with the inversion of the configuration of the alpha carbon of the serine or threonine occurring during the process.
peptide cross-linking via the thioethers lanthionine or 3-methyl-lanthionine
peptide cross-linking via the thiolethers lanthionine or 3-methyl-lanthionine
peptidyl-(Z)-dehydrobutyrine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-threonine
The formation of (Z)-dehydrobutyrine by the dehydration of peptidyl-threonine.
peptidyl-(Z)-dehydrobutyrine anabolism from peptidyl-threonine
peptidyl-(Z)-dehydrobutyrine formation from peptidyl-threonine
peptidyl-(Z)-dehydrobutyrine synthesis from peptidyl-threonine
peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine
The modification of peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine; characteristic of the active sites of arylsulfatases.
peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine
peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine formation from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine
peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine
peptidyl-lactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine
The modification of N-terminal peptidyl-serine to lactic acid.
peptidyl-lactic acid anabolism from peptidyl-serine
peptidyl-lactic acid formation from peptidyl-serine
peptidyl-lactic acid synthesis from peptidyl-serine
The process of conversion of a L-amino acid into its enantiomer, the corresponding D-amino acid.
obsolete peptidyl-asparagine racemization
OBSOLETE. The racemization of peptidyl-asparagine.
The addition of glycyl units covalently bound to the gamma carboxyl group peptidyl-glutamic acid.
The addition of one or more alpha-linked glutamyl units to the gamma carboxyl group of peptidyl-glutamic acid.
peptide cross-linking via S-(2-aminovinyl)-D-cysteine
The synthesis of (S,Z)-S-(2-aminovinyl)cysteine forming an intra-polypeptide cross-link between serine and cysteine.
obsolete protein-chromophore linkage via peptidyl-S-4-hydroxycinnamyl-L-cysteine
OBSOLETE. The synthesis of the chromophore S-4-hydroxycinnamyl-L-cysteine.
OBSOLETE. The hydrolysis of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-citrulline.
peptidyl-arginine hydroxylation to peptidyl-4-hydroxy-L-arginine
The hydroxylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-4-hydroxy-L-arginine.
A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via a C atom.
protein amino acid C-linked glycosylation
The process of covalently linking peptidoglycan (murein) to proteins.
The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.
The phosphorylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-phosphohistidine, tele-phosphohistidine) or peptidyl-3'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-phosphohistidine, pros-phosphohistidine).
The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine.
The phosphorylation of peptidyl-arginine to form omega-N-phospho-L-arginine.
obsolete histone arginine kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: histone L-arginine + ATP = histone N(omega)-phospho-L-arginine + ADP + 2 H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine = D-methionine.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline = D-proline.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine = D-lysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = D-threonine.
peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
The modification of cysteine to form peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine.
peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
The adenylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-lysine.
The addition of an adenylyl group (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP) to a protein amino acid.
obsolete peptidyl-L-cysteine glutathione disulfide biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
OBSOLETE. The modification of peptidyl-cysteine by covalent addition of glutathione to form peptidyl-L-cysteine glutathione disulfide.
The covalent addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to the sulphur (S) atom of a cysteine residue in a protein, to form peptidyl-S-nitrosyl-L-cysteine.
obsolete peptidyl-arginine ADP-ribosylation
OBSOLETE. The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to peptidyl-arginine to form omega-N-(ADP-ribosyl)-L-arginine.
NAD(P)-asparagine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-asparagine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-asparagine.
obsolete peptidyl-asparagine ADP-ribosylation
OBSOLETE. The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-N4-(ADP-ribosyl)-L-asparagine.
obsolete peptidyl-cysteine ADP-ribosylation
OBSOLETE. The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-(ADP-ribosyl)-L-cysteine.
peptide cross-linking via 5'-(N6-L-lysine)-L-topaquinone
The cross-linking of the epsilon-amino group of a peptidyl-lysine with peptidyl-topaquinone, a modified tyrosine residue.
The methylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine.
The addition of a hydroxy group to a protein amino acid.
NAD(P)-serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-serine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-serine.
obsolete peptidyl-serine cyclase activity
peptidyl-oxazoline dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reduction of a peptide-linked oxazoline to oxazole.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).
oxazole or thiazole biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oxazole or thiazole, five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen and a sulfur, respectively, in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.
peptide cross-linking via L-cysteine oxazolecarboxylic acid
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl cysteine cross-link by the condensation of a serine hydroxyl with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
peptide cross-linking via L-cysteine oxazolinecarboxylic acid
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl cysteine cross-link by the condensation of a serine hydroxyl with the carbonyl of the preceding residue.
peptide cross-linking via glycine oxazolecarboxylic acid
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl glycine cross-link by the condensation of a serine hydroxyl with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
obsolete peptidyl-cysteine cyclase activity
peptidyl-thiazoline dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reduction of a peptide-linked thiazoline to thiazole.
peptide cross-linking via glycine thiazolecarboxylic acid
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl glycine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
peptide cross-linking via L-serine thiazolecarboxylic acid
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl serine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
peptide cross-linking via L-phenylalanine thiazolecarboxylic acid
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl phenylalanine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
peptide cross-linking via L-cysteine thiazolecarboxylic acid
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl cysteine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
peptide cross-linking via L-lysine thiazolecarboxylic acid
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl lysine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a protein.
nucleic acid-protein covalent cross-linking
The formation of a covalent cross-link between a nucleic acid and a protein.
The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a protein.
protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine
The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-serine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-serine.
DNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.
molybdenum incorporation via L-selenocysteinyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)
The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-selenocysteinyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).
RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine
The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-5'-RNA)-L-tyrosine.
The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within protein chains.
peptide cross-linking via 3-(3'-L-histidyl)-L-tyrosine
The modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-tyrosine to form a 3-(3'-L-histidyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.
peptide cross-linking via L-histidyl-L-tyrosine
The modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-tyrosine to form a protein cross-link.
peptide cross-linking via 3'-(1'-L-histidyl)-L-tyrosine
The modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-tyrosine to form a 3'-(1'-L-histidyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.
isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine
The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-glutamine to produce N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine.
peptide cross-linking via (2R,6R)-lanthionine
The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-serine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of (2R,6R)-lanthionine (L-lanthionine).
peptide cross-linking via sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine
The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-serine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine (meso-lanthione).
peptide cross-linking via (2S,3S,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine
The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-threonine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of (2S,3S,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine (3-methyl-L-lanthionine).
peptide cross-linking via an oxazole or thiazole
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl glycine, or peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl glycine cross-link by the condensation of the serine hydroxyl or cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
peptide heterocycle biosynthetic process
The modification of a protein amino acid by oxidation.
The oxidation of peptidyl-L-methionine to peptidyl-L-methionine sulfone.
The covalent binding of a pyrromethane (dipyrrin) cofactor to protein via the sulfur atom of cysteine forming dipyrrolylmethanemethyl-L-cysteine.
peptidyl-pyrromethane cofactor linkage via dipyrrolylmethanemethyl-L-cysteine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dipyrrins (pyrromethanes), compounds containing two pyrrole rings linked through a methine, -CH=, group.
peptide cross-linking via S-(2-aminovinyl)-3-methyl-D-cysteine
The formation of a cross-link between peptidyl-cysteine and peptidyl-threonine via the formation of S-(2-aminovinyl)-3-methyl-D-cysteine.
protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via the 5'-end to peptidyl-tyrosine
The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-tyrosine.
DNA-protein covalent cross-linking via the 5' end to peptidyl-tyrosine
protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-threonine
The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-threonine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-threonine.
DNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-threonine
The uridylylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-tyrosine, found in glutamine synthetase.
obsolete C-terminal protein-tyrosinylation
OBSOLETE. The ATP-dependent addition of a tyrosine residue to the C-terminus of a protein; typically the addition of tyrosine to the C-terminus of detyrosinated alpha-tubulin by the enzyme tubulin-tyrosine ligase.
protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage via phycoerythrobilin-bis-L-cysteine
The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrin via phycoerythrobilin-bis-L-cysteine.
protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage via S-phycoerythrobilin-L-cysteine
The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrocyanin via S-phycoerythrobilin-L-cysteine.
ribosomal S6-glutamic acid ligase activity
Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamic acid residues to the C-terminus of ribosomal protein S6.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-polyglutamic acid amidation
OBSOLETE. The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-polyglutamic acid to form a peptidyl-N-L-glutamyl-poly-L-glutamic acid C-terminus.
The oxidation of peptidyl-cysteine to peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfinic acid or peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfenic acid.
peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenylalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine
The modification of protein tyrosine to peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-dihydroxyphenylalanine.
peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenylalanine anabolism from peptidyl-tyrosine
peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenylalanine formation from peptidyl-tyrosine
peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenylalanine synthesis from peptidyl-tyrosine
peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-1-thioglycine from other compounds, including peptidyl-glycine.
peptidyl-1-thioglycine anabolism from peptidyl-glycine
peptidyl-1-thioglycine formation from peptidyl-glycine
peptidyl-1-thioglycine synthesis from peptidyl-glycine
The addition of a nucleotide to a protein amino acid.
The addition of phospho-uridine to a protein amino acid.
The adenylylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-threonine.
obsolete peptidyl-cysteine desulfurization
OBSOLETE. The desulfurization of peptidyl-L-cysteine to yield L-alanine and elemental sulfur; peptidyl-L-cysteine persulfide is an intermediate.
The removal of a sulfur group from a protein amino acid.
obsolete peptidyl-arginine C5-methylation
OBSOLETE. The methylation of peptidyl-arginine on the carbon 5 (C5) residue to form peptidyl-5-methyl-L-arginine.
The covalent linkage of heme and a protein via 3'-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-heme-histidine, pros-heme-histidine).
obsolete enzyme active site formation via S-selenyl-L-cysteine
OBSOLETE. The transient selenylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-selenyl-L-cysteine.
The modification of a protein amino acid by polyamination.
The modification of peptidyl-lysine by the addition of an N6-propylamino and of propylmethylamino units, forming N6-(propylamino-poly(propylmethylamino)-propyldimethylamine)-L-lysine, typical of the silicate binding protein silaffin.
The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase.
molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide
The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.
The modification of peptidyl-proline to form trans-2,3-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-L-proline.
pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ); it is synthesized from a small peptide containing tyrosine and glutamic acid; these amino acids in the peptide are multiply cross-linked and the rest of the peptide is removed.
coenzyme pyrroloquinoline-quinone biosynthesis
coenzyme pyrroloquinoline-quinone biosynthetic process
pyrroloquinoline-quinone biosynthetic process
The modification of a protein amino acid by formation of an ester or amide with octanoic acid.
The octanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-octanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via cysteine modification to L-cysteine persulfide
OBSOLETE. The formation of an enzyme active site via modification of peptidyl-cysteine to peptidyl-L-cysteine persulfide.
The alteration of an amino acid residue in a peptide.
obsolete peptidyl-asparagine modification
OBSOLETE. The modification of peptidyl-asparagine.
The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid.
The modification of peptidyl-glutamic acid.
The modification of peptidyl-isoleucine.
The modification of peptidyl-methionine.
The modification of peptidyl-phenylalanine.
The chemical alteration of a tryptophan residue in a peptide.
The addition of a carboxy group to a protein amino acid.
The modification of a protein amino acid by phosphopantetheinylation.
protein amino acid phosphopantetheinylation
The addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue in a protein.
The phosphorylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid.
The phosphorylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-phospho-L-cysteine.
The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-acetyl-L-cysteine.
The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen (O) atom in a threonine residue to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-threonine.
The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen (O) atom in a serine residue to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-serine.
obsolete peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl disulfide biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
OBSOLETE. The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl disulfide.
peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine; formation of S-farnesycysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CXXX motif and methyl esterification of the farnesylated cysteine; the residue may be found at the first position in the sequence motif C-X-X-(SAQCMT)* where the second and third positions are usually aliphatic.
peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine; formation of S-farnesycysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CXXX motif and methyl esterification of the farnesylated cysteine.
peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-geranylgeranylcysteine; formation of S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CAAX motif and methyl esterification of the geranylgeranylated cysteine; methyl esterification but not cleavage occurs for the CXC motif. For the type II geranylgeranyltransferase the residue may be found at the first and final positions in the sequence motif C-X-C* or at the final position in the sequence motif C-C*. These motifs are necessary but not sufficient for modification.
peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
obsolete peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
OBSOLETE. The modification of a C-terminal peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl ester.
The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a sulfur (S) atom within a cysteine residue to form peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine.
peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine; the oleate and palmitate actually represent mixtures of saturated (generally at 3') and unsaturated (generally at 2') fatty acids.
peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
peptide cross-linking via S-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-cysteine
The modification of peptidyl-glutamine and peptidyl-cysteine to form a S-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-cysteine protein cross-link.
peptide cross-linking via 2'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-histidine
The modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-cysteine to form a 2'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-histidine protein cross-link.
peptide cross-linking via 3'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tyrosine
The thioether cross-linking of a cysteine residue to a tyrosine residue to form 3'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tyrosine, found in galactose oxidase.
The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-carboxy-L-lysine.
Increases the activity of urease by promoting the incorporation of nickel into the active site.
The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-1-carboxyethyl-L-lysine.
protein S-linked glycosylation via cysteine
The glycosylation of protein via the sulfur atom of peptidyl-cysteine, forming S-glycosyl-L-cysteine.
protein amino acid S-linked glycosylation via cysteine
protein O-linked glycosylation via hydroxylysine
The glycosylation of protein via the O5 atom of peptidyl-hydroxylysine, forming O5-glycosyl-L-hydroxylysine; the most common form is galactosyl hydroxylysine.
protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation via hydroxylysine
protein O-linked glycosylation via serine
The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-serine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-serine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, galactosyl, and xylosyl serine.
protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation via serine
protein O-linked glycosylation via threonine
The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-threonine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-threonine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, and galactosyl threonine.
protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation via threonine
protein N-linked glycosylation via tryptophan
The glycosylation of protein via peptidyl-tryptophan, 1'-glycosyl-L-tryptophan; results in the formation of an (S)-2-amino-3-(1-D-mannopyranosyloxy-1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid residue.
protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation via tryptophan
protein O-linked glycosylation via tyrosine
The glycosylation of protein via the O4' atom of peptidyl-tyrosine, O4'-glycosyl-L-tyrosine; the carbohydrate is glucose, the origin for glycogen.
protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation via tyrosine
The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and coenzyme A.
protein-phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A linkage
The linkage of phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A to protein via peptidyl-serine, to form O-(phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A)-L-serine; it is uncertain whether the phosphoribosyl glycosidic attachment to the dephospho-coenzyme A is alpha or beta, and through the 2' or the 3' position.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via peptidyl cysteine sulfation
OBSOLETE. The formation of an enzyme active site via transient sulfation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-sulfo-L-cysteine.
The removal of a water group from a protein amino acid.
peptidyl-dehydroalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine
The formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine from either peptidyl-tyrosine by phenyl transfer, or from peptidyl-serine, which is coupled with the formation of 5-imidazolinone by the two neighboring residues, produces an 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one active site of some amino acid ammonia-lyases; the 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one, is formed autocatalytically by cyclization and dehydration of the sequence ASG.
peptidyl-dehydroalanine anabolism from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine
peptidyl-dehydroalanine formation from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine
peptidyl-dehydroalanine synthesis from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine
The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.
obsolete peptide cross-linking via L-seryl-5-imidazolinone glycine
OBSOLETE. The formation of the green fluorescent protein chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a serine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons.
peptide cross-linking via 5-imidazolinone glycine
The formation of a protein active site cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, an alanine, serine or cysteine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with an oxidation of residue n+1 to form an active aldehyde.
biosynthesis of protein-protein cross-link via 5-imidazolinone glycine
biosynthetic process of protein-protein cross-link via 5-imidazolinone glycine
The adenylylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-tyrosine.
peptide cross-linking via S-glycyl-L-cysteine
The formation of S-(peptidyl-glycyl)-peptidyl-cysteine cross-links by the formation of a thiolester between cysteine and the carboxy-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and other proteins.
The addition of a formyl group to a protein amino acid.
The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-formyl-L-lysine.
protein O-linked glycosylation via hydroxyproline
The glycosylation of proteins via 04 atom of hydroxyproline to form O4-glycosyl-L-hydroxyproline; the most common form is arabinofuranosyl-4-proline.
protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation via hydroxyproline
RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine
The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-serine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-5NA)-L-serine.
The addition of phospho-guanosine to a protein amino acid.
The guanylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-lysine.
The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within peptide chains, where either the amino group or the carboxyl group, or both, are not attached to the alpha carbon.
obsolete isopeptide cross-linking via N-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-cysteine
OBSOLETE. The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-asparagine and peptidyl-cysteine to produce N-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-cysteine.
obsolete isopeptide cross-linking via N-(L-isoaspartyl)-glycine
OBSOLETE. The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-asparagine and peptidyl-glycine to produce N-(L-isoaspartyl)-glycine.
GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-asparaginyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-asparagine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a asparaginyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
GPI anchor anabolism via N-asparaginyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor formation via N-asparaginyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor synthesis via N-asparaginyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a aspartyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
GPI anchor anabolism via N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor formation via N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor synthesis via N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-cysteinyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-cysteine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a cysteinyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
GPI anchor anabolism via N-cysteinyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor formation via N-cysteinyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor synthesis via N-cysteinyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
GPI anchor anabolism via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor formation via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor synthesis via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a seryl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
GPI anchor anabolism via N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor formation via N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor synthesis via N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-alanine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of an alanyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
GPI anchor anabolism via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor formation via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor synthesis via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + protein = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-protein.
protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage via peptidyl-N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine
The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine.
obsolete protein-chromophore linkage via peptidyl-N6-retinal-L-lysine
OBSOLETE. The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form N6-retinal-L-lysine.
peptide cross-linking via L-lysinoalanine
The modification of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-serine to form a (2Xi,9S)-L-lysinoalanine cross-link.
N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine acetylation
The acetylation of the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-cysteine.
isopeptide cross-linking via N6-glycyl-L-lysine
The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-glycine to produce N6-glycyl-L-lysine. This is distinct from the formation of the thiolester intermediate, which occurs during ubiquitination.
The removal of an amino group from a protein amino acid.
N-terminal peptidyl-threonine deamination
The deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-2-oxobutanoic acid.
protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine
The glycosylation of protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine forming N4-glycosyl-L-asparagine; the most common form is N-acetylglucosaminyl asparagine; N-acetylgalactosaminyl asparagine and N4 glucosyl asparagine also occur. This modification typically occurs in extracellular peptides with an N-X-(ST) motif. Partial modification has been observed to occur with cysteine, rather than serine or threonine, in the third position; secondary structure features are important, and proline in the second or fourth positions inhibits modification.
protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation via asparagine
A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via a sulfur atom of a peptidyl-amino-acid such as cysteine or methionine.
protein amino acid S-linked glycosylation
GSI anchor biosynthetic process via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine
The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine ethanolamide-linked glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor following hydrolysis of a seryl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
GSI anchor anabolism via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine
GSI anchor formation via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine
GSI anchor synthesis via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine
metal incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
The formation of a cluster of several metal atoms, including iron, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, or copper, with one or more bridging (mu-bond) sulfur atoms; amino acids residues in proteins that may ligate the metal sulfur cluster are cysteine, histidine, aspartate, glutamate, serine and cysteine persulfide.
metal incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster
iron incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
The incorporation of iron into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
iron incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster
iron incorporation into protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron
The incorporation of iron into a protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron (there is no exogenous sulfur, so this modification by itself does not produce an iron-sulfur protein).
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulfide
The incorporation of iron into a 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulfide.
iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulphide
obsolete iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl triiron trisulfide
OBSOLETE. The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-3S iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl triiron trisulfide. The three-iron three-sulfur cluster probably does not exist except as an intermediate form.
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide
The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide.
iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulphide
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide
The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.
iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulphide
molybdenum incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
The incorporation of molybdenum into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
molybdenum incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster
iron and molybdenum incorporation into iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide
The incorporation of iron and molybdenum into a Mo-7Fe-8S iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide, found in nitrogenase.
iron and molybdenum incorporation into iron-molybdenum-sulphur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulphide
molybdenum incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster
The incorporation of molybdenum into an iron-sulfur cluster.
molybdenum incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster
molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin
The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin.
The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
protein-FAD linkage via S-(8alpha-FAD)-L-cysteine
The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via S-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-cysteine.
protein-FAD linkage via 3'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-histidine
The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via 3'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-histidine.
protein-FAD linkage via O4'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-tyrosine
The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via O4'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-tyrosine.
protein-FAD linkage via 1'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-histidine
The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via 1'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-histidine.
OBSOLETE. The covalent or noncovalent attachment of a chromophore to a protein.
iron incorporation into the Rieske iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide
The incorporation of iron into a Rieske 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide.
iron incorporation into the Rieske iron-sulphur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulphide
obsolete iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl hexairon hexasulfide
OBSOLETE. The incorporation of iron into a 6Fe-6S cluster by hexakis-L-cysteinyl hexairon hexasulfide.
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulfido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon
The incorporation of iron into an iron-sulfur cluster by tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulfido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon.
iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulphido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide
The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide.
iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulphide
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide
The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide.
iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulphide
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulfide
The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulfide.
iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulphide
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide
The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.
iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulphide
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide
The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.
iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulphide
OBSOLETE. The modification of part of an enzyme to form the active site.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine
OBSOLETE. The transient modification of lysine by pyruvate to form N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine, found in the active site of dihydrodipicolinate synthase.
OBSOLETE. The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and flavin mononucleotide (FMN).
obsolete protein-FMN linkage via S-(6-FMN)-L-cysteine
OBSOLETE. The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via S-(6-FMN)-L-cysteine.
obsolete peptidyl-N4-hydroxymethyl-L-asparagine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-asparagine
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N4-hydroxymethyl-L-asparagine from other compounds, including peptidyl-asparagine.
obsolete peptidyl-serine ADP-ribosylation
OBSOLETE. The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-(ADP-ribosyl)-L-serine.
peptide cross-linking via L-alanyl-5-imidazolinone glycine
The formation of a protein active site cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue N, an alanine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+2, a glycine, coupled with the formation of a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+1 which loses one hydrogen, and the loss of a molecule of water.
obsolete protein-pyrroloquinoline-quinone linkage
OBSOLETE. The covalent cross-linking of pyrroloquinoline-quinone to peptidyl-glutamic acid and peptidyl-tyrosine.
molybdenum incorporation into molybdenum-molybdopterin complex
The incorporation of molybdenum into a molybdenum-molybdopterin complex.
molybdenum incorporation into metallo-pterin complex
The oxidation of two peptidyl-cysteine residues to form a peptidyl-L-cystine (dicysteine) in which segments of peptide chain are linked by a disulfide bond; the cross-link may be between different or the same peptide chain.
protein C-linked glycosylation via tryptophan
The glycosylation of a carbon atom of a peptidyl-tryptophan residue.
protein amino acid C-linked glycosylation via tryptophan
obsolete enzyme active site formation via S-methyl-L-cysteine
OBSOLETE. The transient methylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-methyl-L-cysteine.
The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronylation, the addition of a glucuronate group, the uronic acid derived from glucose.
OBSOLETE. The addition of a tyrosine molecule to a protein amino acid.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via L-cysteine sulfinic acid
OBSOLETE. The oxidation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfinic acid.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via L-cysteine sulfenic acid
OBSOLETE. The oxidation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfenic acid, found in the active site of NADH peroxidase, nitrile hydratase, and peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via S-phospho-L-cysteine
OBSOLETE. The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-phospho-L-cysteine.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via S-acetyl-L-cysteine
OBSOLETE. The transient acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-acetyl-L-cysteine.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via 1'-phospho-L-histidine
OBSOLETE. The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-histidine to form 1'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-phosphohistidine, tele-phosphohistidine).
obsolete enzyme active site formation via 3'-phospho-L-histidine
OBSOLETE. The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-histidine to form 3'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-phosphohistidine, pros-phosphohistidine).
obsolete enzyme active site formation via N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-lysine
OBSOLETE. The transient adenylylation of lysine to form N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-lysine, found in the active site of DNA ligase and RNA ligase.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via N6-(phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-lysine
OBSOLETE. The transient guanylylation of lysine to form N6-(phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-lysine, found in the guanylyltransferase active site of mRNA capping enzyme.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via O-phospho-L-serine
OBSOLETE. The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form O-phospho-L-serine.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via O-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-threonine
OBSOLETE. The transient adenylylation of threonine to form N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-threonine, found in the active site of bovine phosphodiesterase I.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via O-phospho-L-threonine
OBSOLETE. The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form O-phospho-L-threonine.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine
OBSOLETE. The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form O-phospho-L-tyrosine.
The modification of a protein by the addition of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) to an amino acid residue.
The hydroxylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dihydroxyphenylalanine.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via L-2',4',5'-topaquinone
obsolete protein amino acid cinnamylation
OBSOLETE. The modification of a protein amino acid by cinnamylation.
peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid
The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid, typical of bacterial ribosomal protein S12.
peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid anabolism from peptidyl-aspartic acid
peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid formation from peptidyl-aspartic acid
peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid synthesis from peptidyl-aspartic acid
peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine
The modification of peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine.
peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine anabolism from peptidyl-serine
peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine formation from peptidyl-serine
peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine synthesis from peptidyl-serine
peptidyl-lysine modification to peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine
The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine.
peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine anabolism
peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine biosynthesis
peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine biosynthetic process
peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine formation
peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine synthesis
The covalent attachment of a prenyl group to a protein; geranyl, farnesyl, or geranylgeranyl groups may be added.
The covalent attachment of a farnesyl group to a protein.
The covalent attachment of a geranylgeranyl group to a protein.
The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a protein.
OBSOLETE. The addition of an ester group to a protein amino acid.
obsolete peptidyl-cysteine esterification
OBSOLETE. The addition of an ester group to a cysteine residue in a protein.
The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and pyridoxal-5-phosphate.
protein-phycocyanobilin linkage via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine
The linkage of the chromophore phycocyanobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine.
protein-phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A linkage via O-(phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A)-L-serine
The formation of a protein-phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A linkage via O-(phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A)-L-serine.
protein-phycobiliviolin linkage via S-phycobiliviolin-L-cysteine
The linkage of the chromophore phycobiliviolin to phycoerythrocyanin via S-phycobiliviolin-L-cysteine.
protein-phycourobilin linkage via phycourobilin-bis-L-cysteine
The linkage of the chromophore phycourobilin to phycoerythrins via phycourobilin-bis-L-cysteine.
protein-phytochromobilin linkage via S-phytochromobilin-L-cysteine
The linkage of the chromophore phytochromobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin via S-phytochromobilin-L-cysteine.
protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine
The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine.
protein-haem P460 linkage via haem P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine
protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine
The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine.
protein-haem P460 linkage via haem P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine
The methylation of glutamine to form 2-methyl-L-glutamine.
peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester
The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester.
peroxidase-haem linkage via dihydroxyhaem-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester
peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium
The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium.
peroxidase-haem linkage via dihydroxyhaem-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium
peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulphonium
The addition of a methyl group to a glutamine residue in a protein.
Catalysis of the reaction: (protein)-L-serine = (protein)-D-serine.
The formation of a mixture of the two possible enantiomers from the D- or L-enantiomer of a chiral amino acid.
obsolete peptidyl-asparagine hydroxylation to form L-erythro-beta-hydroxyasparagine
OBSOLETE. The hydroxylation of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-L-erythro-beta-hydroxyasparagine; catalyzed by peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase (EC:1.14.11.16).
The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to a protein.
cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-L-cysteine
The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-L-cysteine.
cytochrome c-haem linkage via haem-L-cysteine
cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-bis-L-cysteine
The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-bis-L-cysteine.
cytochrome c-haem linkage via haem-bis-L-cysteine
N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-cysteine
The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-cysteine.
N-terminal peptidyl-amino acid deamination to pyruvic acid
The oxidative deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine, or peptidyl-serine, to form pyruvic acid with an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the N-terminal residue.
N-terminal peptidyl-valine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine
The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal valine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine.
The deamination of the N-terminal valine residue of a protein to form isobutyrate.
obsolete peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamic acid or peptidyl-glutamine
OBSOLETE. The methyl esterification of peptidyl-glutamic acid or peptidyl-glutamine to form the derivative glutamic acid 5-methyl ester.
obsolete C-terminal peptidyl-glutamic acid tyrosinylation
OBSOLETE. The ATP-dependent addition of a tyrosine residue to a glutamic acid residue at the C-terminus of a protein.
glycoprotein 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP-L-fucose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP + H+.
GDP-fucose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine (Fuc to (Fucalpha1->6GlcNAc)-Asn-peptide) alpha1->3-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-fucose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine (Fuc to (Fucalpha1->6-GlcNAc)-Asn-peptide) alpha1->3-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-fucose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine (Fuc to (Fuc-alpha-1->6-GlcNAc)-Asn-peptide) alpha-1->3-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-L-Fuc:Asn-linked GlcNAc alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-L-Fuc:Asn-linked GlcNAc alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-L-Fuc:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-L-Fuc:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-L-fucose:asparagine-linked N-acetylglucosamine alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-L-fucose:glycoprotein (L-fucose to asparagine-linked N-acetylglucosamine of 4-N-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}asparagine) 3-alpha-L-fucosyl-transferase activity
GDP-L-fucose:glycoprotein (L-fucose to asparagine-linked N-acetylglucosamine of N4-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}asparagine) 3-alpha-L-fucosyl-transferase activity
The addition of an acetyl group to a non-terminal lysine residue in a protein.
peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation to 5-hydroxy-L-lysine
The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.
peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-lysine
The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-4-hydroxy-L-lysine.
obsolete peptidyl-phenylalanine bromination to L-2'-bromophenylalanine
OBSOLETE. The bromination of peptidyl-phenylalanine to form L-2'-bromophenylalanine.
obsolete peptidyl-phenylalanine bromination to L-3'-bromophenylalanine
OBSOLETE. The bromination of peptidyl-phenylalanine to form L-3'-bromophenylalanine.
obsolete peptidyl-phenylalanine bromination to L-4'-bromophenylalanine
OBSOLETE. The bromination of peptidyl-phenylalanine to form L-4'-bromophenylalanine.
peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 3-hydroxy-L-proline
The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 3-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase.
peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline
The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 4-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline,2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase.
protein-chondroitin sulfate linkage via chondroitin sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine
Chondroitin sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.
protein-chondroitin sulphate linkage via chondroitin sulphate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine
protein-dermatan sulfate linkage via dermatan 4-sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine
Dermatan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.
protein-dermatan sulphate linkage via dermatan 4-sulphate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine
protein-heparan sulfate linkage via heparan sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine
Heparan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.
protein-heparan sulphate linkage via heparan sulphate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine
protein-keratan sulfate linkage via keratan sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-threonine
Keratan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and threonine residues.
protein-keratan sulphate linkage via keratan sulphate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-threonine
protein C-linked glycosylation via 2'-alpha-mannosyl-L-tryptophan
The glycosylation of a peptidyl-tryptophan residue by the transfer of alpha-mannopyranose from dolichyl-activated mannose to the indole ring.
protein amino acid C-linked glycosylation via 2'-alpha-mannosyl-L-tryptophan
protein amino acid C-linked mannosylation
obsolete peptidyl-thyronine iodination to form 3',3'',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine
OBSOLETE. The iodination of peptidyl-thyronine to form peptidyl-3',3'',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine (triiodothyronine).
obsolete peptidyl-thyronine iodination to form 3',3'',5',5''-tetraiodo-L-thyronine
OBSOLETE. The iodination of peptidyl-thyronine to form peptidyl-3',3'',5',5''-tetraiodo-L-thyronine (L-thyroxine).
C-terminal protein amino acid modification
The alteration of the C-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.
peptide/protein carboxyl-terminal blocking
peptide or protein carboxyl-terminal blocking
The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronidation.
The modification of a protein by glucuronidation on an amino acid oxygen atom.
The O-glucuronidation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-D-glucuronyl-L-serine.
nickel incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
The incorporation of nickel into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
nickel incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide
The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-2S cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.
iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulphido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulphide trioxide
nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide
The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.
nickel incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulphido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulphide trioxide
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide
The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-2S cluster by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.
iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulphido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulphide trioxide
nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide
The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.
nickel incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulphido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulphide trioxide
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a protein structure comprising two or more rings that are interlocked but not covalently joined; resembling the links of a chain.
obsolete peptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-lysine
OBSOLETE. The formation of isopeptide bonds by ligation of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-asparagine residues.
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:serine-protein N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate to a serine residue in a protein.
GDP-mannose:serine-protein mannose-1-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of mannose-1-phosphate to a serine residue in a protein.
protein C-terminal leucine carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-leucine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-leucine methyl ester. This modification occurs only at the oxygen atoms of the free alpha carboxyl group of a leucine residue at the C-terminus of the protein.
protein-leucine O-methyltransferase activity
protein phosphatase methyltransferase activity
obsolete peptidyl-glutamic acid poly-ADP-ribosylation
OBSOLETE. This modification produces peptidyl-glutamic acid poly-ADP-ribose found in a number of nuclear proteins under certain conditions including the repair of single strand DNA breaks. The activated form of the generating enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is itself modified in this way.
O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. The recovery of O-phosphorylserine from acid hydrolysates suggests N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate residues are esterified to peptidyl serines through phosphoester bonds.
O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine anabolism
O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthesis
O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine formation
O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine synthesis
O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. The polypeptide backbones of glycoproteins and mucin-like proteoglycans are extensively modified with a complex array of phosphoglycan chains that are linked to Ser/Thr-rich domains via a common Man-alpha1-PO4-Ser linkage.
O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine anabolism
O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthesis
O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine formation
O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine synthesis
copper incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
The incorporation of copper into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
copper incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster
copper incorporation into copper-sulfur cluster
The incorporation of copper into a copper-sulfur cluster.
copper incorporation into copper-sulphur cluster
copper incorporation into copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide
The incorporation of copper into a 4Cu-S copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide.
copper incorporation into copper-sulphur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulphide hydroxide
obsolete peptidyl-L-leucine methyl ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-leucine
OBSOLETE. The modification of a C-terminal peptidyl-leucine to form peptidyl-L-leucine methyl ester.
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulfide
The incorporation of iron into a 8Fe-7S iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulfide, found in nitrogenase.
iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulphide
obsolete peptidyl-glutamic acid esterification
OBSOLETE. The addition of an ester group to a glutamic acid residue in a protein.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via L-aspartic 4-phosphoric anhydride
OBSOLETE. The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form L-aspartic 4-phosphoric anhydride.
A heterodimeric complex involved in the release of a nascent polypeptide chain from a ribosome.
The action characteristic of prothoracicotrophic hormone, a peptide hormone that is secreted by the brain and, upon receptor binding, acts on the prothoracic gland to stimulate the release of ecdysone in insects.
Catalysis of the reaction: pinocarveol = pinocarvone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
Catalysis of the reactions: chloral hydrate = 3 H+ + 2 e- + trichloroacetate, and chloral hydrate + H2 = H2O + trichloroethanol.
hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = formylmethylsilanediol + 2 H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-1-phenylethanol = acetophenone + H2.
Catalysis of the reaction: myrtenol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2 H2O + myrtenal.
Catalysis of the reaction: ethene oxide + NAD+ + CoA-SH = NADH + H+ + acetyl-CoA.
5-exo-hydroxycamphor dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-exo-hydroxycamphor + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 2,5-diketocamphane.
2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran = 2 H+ + 2 e- + butyrolactone.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.
(R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
(R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
acetoacetyl coenzyme A reductase activity
D(-)-beta-hydroxybutyryl CoA-NADP oxidoreductase activity
hydroxyacyl coenzyme-A dehydrogenase activity
NADPH:acetoacetyl-CoA reductase activity
NADP-linked acetoacetyl CoA reductase activity
short chain beta-ketoacetyl(acetoacetyl)-CoA reductase activity
alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD(P)+ = an aldehyde + NAD(P)H + H+.
aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic alcohol + NAD+ = an aromatic aldehyde + NADH + H+.
aryl-alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + perillyl alcohol = H+ + NADH + perillyl aldehyde.
perillyl-alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,6R)-isopiperitenol + NAD+ = (6R)-isoperitenone + H+ + NADH.
(-)-trans-isopiperitenol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,5R)-carveol + NADP+ = (R)-carvone + H+ + NADPH.
(-)-trans-carveol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
(-)-trans-carveol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexanol + NAD+ = cyclohexanone + NADH + H+.
cyclohexanol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: fluoren-9-ol + 2 NADP+ = fluoren-9-one + 2 NADPH + 2 H+.
fluoren-9-ol:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenesulfonate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenesulfonate + NAD+ = 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + H+ + NADH.
4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenesulfonate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenesulphonate dehydrogenase activity
4-sulfobenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity
6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxyhexanoate + NAD+ = 6-oxohexanoate + H+ + NADH.
6-hydroxyhexanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypimelyl-CoA + NAD+ = 3-oxopimelyl-CoA + H+ + NADH.
3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + vanillyl alcohol = H2O2 + vanillin.
4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzyl alcohol oxidase activity
vanillyl alcohol:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
limonene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,2S,4R)-limonene-1,2-diol + DCPIP+ = DCPIPH + H+ + (1S,4R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene.
Catalysis of the reaction: formaldehyde + H2O + NAD+ = formate + 2 H+ + NADH.
formaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
glutathione-independent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myrtenal + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + myrtenic acid.
4-hydroxybutaraldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 4-hydroxybutanoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzaldehyde + 2 H2O = 4-chlorobenzoate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate.
cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid.
2-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-carboxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + 2 H+ + phthalate.
trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid.
benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = benzoate + NADPH + H+.
malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NADP+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH + H+.
3-oxopropanoate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, CoA-acetylating)
malonic semialdehyde oxidative decarboxylase activity
benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = benzoate + NADH + H+.
benzaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
benzaldehyde (NAD) dehydrogenase activity
5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + H2O + NAD+ = 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate + NADH + H+.
5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
carboxymethylhydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
4-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis,trans -4-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + H2O + NAD+ = 2 H+ + maleylacetate + NADH.
4-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
4-formylbenzenesulfonate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + H2O + NAD+ = 4-sulfobenzoate + 2 H+ + NADH.
4-formylbenzenesulfonate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
4-formylbenzenesulphonate dehydrogenase activity
toluene-sulfonate aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxohexanoate + NADP+ + H2O = adipate + NADPH + H+.
6-oxohexanoate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + H+.
3-hydroxybenzaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: salicylaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = salicylate + NADH + H+.
salicylaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: methyl ethyl ketone + O2 = H2O + ethyl acetate.
vanillate O-demethylase (anaerobic) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + Co+ = Co3+-CH3 + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic aldehyde + O2 + H2O = an aromatic acid + hydrogen peroxide.
aryl-aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + vanillate = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + formaldehyde + H2O + NAD+.
4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate demethylase activity
vanillate:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)
vanillate demethylase (aerobic) activity
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + O2 = 2 (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + 2 CO2.
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = propanoyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
2-oxobutanoate:ferredoxin 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-propionylating)
2-oxobutyrate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
alpha-ketobutyrate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + acceptor = CO2 + reduced acceptor.
anaerobic carbon monoxide dehydrogenase activity
carbon-monoxide:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-formylmethanofuran + A + H2O + H+ = AH(2) + CO2 + methanofuran.
formylmethanofuran:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
formylmethanofuran:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: carvone + 2 H+ + 2 e- = dihydrocarvone.
2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.
2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 6-oxo-2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.
1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane. 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDMU; 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDMS.
2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-phenylpropionate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate.
cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT + NADP+ = NADPH + 2,3-dihydroxy DDT.
trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 9,10-dihydroxyphenanthrene.
cis-chlorobenzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the conversion of a di- or tetrachlorinated dienol to the corresponding catechol.
2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone.
trans-1,2-dihydrodiolphenanthrene dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-1,2-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + 1,2-dihydroxyphenanthrene.
cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = catechol + NADH + H+.
cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
cis-1,2-dihydrocyclohexa-3,5-diene (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) oxidoreductase activity
cis-benzene glycol dehydrogenase activity
cis-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = naphthalene-1,2-diol + NADH + H+.
(+)-cis-naphthalene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity
1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dehydrogenase activity
cis-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol:NAD+ 1,2-oxidoreductase activity
cis-dihydrodiol naphthalene dehydrogenase activity
cis-naphthalene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity
naphthalene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxoadipate + NAD(P)+ = 2-maleylacetate + NAD(P)H + H+.
3-oxoadipate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
cis-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene-3,4-diol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene-3,4-diol + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + phenanthrene-3,4-diol.
(+)-cis-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene-3,4-diol:NAD+ 3,4-oxidoreductase activity
cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene dehydrogenase activity
cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate + NAD+ = catechol + CO2 + NADH + H+.
benzoate cis-diol dehydrogenase activity
cis-2,3-dihydrobiphenyl-2,3-diol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = biphenyl-2,3-diol + NADH + H+.
2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dehydrogenase activity
biphenyl-2,3-dihydro-2,3-diol dehydrogenase activity
cis-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrophloroglucinol + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + phloroglucinol.
dihydrophloroglucinol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate + NAD+ = 2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumate + H+ + NADH.
cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
obsolete 1,6-dihydroxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dienecarboxylate dehydrogenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 1,6-dihydroxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dienecarboxylate + NAD+ = 3-methylcatechol + CO2 + NADH + H+.
dibenzothiophene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzothiophene + NAD+ = 1,2-dihydroxydibenzothiophene + H+ + NADH.
cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzothiophene:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + pimelyl-CoA = 2,3-didehydropimeloyl-CoA + H+ + NADH.
pimeloyl-CoA:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + chloride + NADP+ = 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA + NADPH.
4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA:NADP+ oxidoreductase (halogenating)
phthalate 4,5-cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,6-diene-1,2-dicarboxylate + NAD+ = 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate + H+ + NADH.
cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1(6),2-diene-1,2-dicarboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydroquinoline dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5,6-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one + NAD+ = 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + H+ + NADH.
5,6-dihydrodiol-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline dehydrogenase
5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydroquinoline:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
cis-dihydroethylcatechol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydro-3-ethylcatechol + NAD+ = 3-ethylcatechol + H+ + NADH.
cis-1,2-dihydro-3-ethylcatechol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
cis-ethylbenzene glycol dehydrogenase activity
cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate + NADP+ = 4-methylcatechol + NADPH + H+ + CO2.
4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-cis-diol-1-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase activity
cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
1,2-dihydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,6-dihydroxy-2-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dienecarboxylate + NAD+ = 3-methylcatechol + CO2 + NADH.
1,2-dihydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ADP + cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + oxidized ferredoxin + 2 phosphate = 2 ATP + 2 H2O + benzoyl-CoA + reduced ferredoxin.
benzoyl-CoA reductase (dearomatizing) activity
cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (aromatizing, ATP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: quinoline + acceptor + H2O = isoquinolin-1(2H)-one + reduced acceptor.
quinoline:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: acetophenone + CO2 = H+ + benzoyl acetate.
Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + reduced ferredoxin.
4-hydroxybenzoyl-coA:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
4-hydroxybenzoyl-coA reductase (dehydroxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e- = NH3 + benzoyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexylamine + O2 + H2O = cyclohexanone + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
cyclohexylamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: iminodiacetate + OH- = H+ + 2 e- + glyoxylate + glycine.
nitrilotriacetate monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nitrilotriacetate + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + glyoxylate + iminodiacetate.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O2.
(R)-6-hydroxynicotine:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O2.
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
6-hydroxy-L-nicotine:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin + H2 = N5,N10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin.
coenzyme F420-independent 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase activity
coenzyme F420-independent methylene-H4MPT dehydrogenase activity
F420-independent 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase activity
F420-independent methylene-H4MPT dehydrogenase activity
nitrilotriacetate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nitrilotriacetate + OH- = H+ + 2 e- + glyoxylate + iminodiacetate.
Catalysis of the reaction: nicotine + acceptor + H2O = (S)-6-hydroxynicotine + reduced acceptor.
nicotine:(acceptor) 6-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
nicotine:acceptor 6-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
coenzyme F420-dependent N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme F420 + H+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420.
5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase activity
5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase activity
5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin:coenzyme-F420 oxidoreductase activity
coenzyme F420-dependent N(5),N(10)-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin reductase activity
methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase activity
N(5),N(10)-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin:coenzyme-F420 oxidoreductase activity
N(5),N(10)-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase activity
N5,N10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin:coenzyme-F420 oxidoreductase activity
N5,N10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase activity
Catalysis of the generic reaction: epoxide + CO2 + NAD+ + electron donor = beta-keto acid + NADH + reduced electron donor; the electron donor may be NADPH or a dithiol. This reaction is the ring opening and carboxylation of an epoxide; for example: epoxypropane + CO2 + NAD+ + NADPH = acetoacetate + NADH + NADP+.
p-benzoquinone reductase (NADPH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-benzoquinone + H+ + NADPH = hydroquinone + NADP+.
NADPH:p-benzoquinone oxidoreductase activity
2,3-dihydroxy DDT 1,2-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy DDT + O2 = 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8,8-tetrachloroocta-2E,4E-dienoate.
4-amino-2-nitroso-6-nitrotoluene reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-2-hydroxylamino-6-nitrotoluene + NADP+ = NADPH + H+ + 4-amino-2-nitroso-6-nitrotoluene.
4-carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene + 4 H+ + 4 e- = 4-aminobenzoate + 4-aminobenzenesulfonate.
4-carboxy-4'-sulphoazobenzene reductase activity
Catalysis of the conversion of a nitrate group to an amino or hydroxylamino group on toluene or a toluene derivative.
Catalysis of the reaction: nitrobenzene + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ = hydroxyaminobenzene + 2 NADP+ + H2O.
Catalysis of the removal of one or more nitrite (NO2-) groups from nitroglycerin or a derivative.
pentaerythritol trinitrate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pentaerythritol trinitrate + NADPH = NADP+ + nitrate + pentaerythritol dinitrate.
Catalysis of the reaction: methanethiol + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + hydrogen sulfide + hydrogen peroxide.
methanethiol:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone + 2 glutathione = 2,3,6-trichlorohydroquinone + glutathione disulfide + HCl.
tetrachlorohydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trithionate + acceptor + 2 H2O + OH- = 3 HSO3- + reduced acceptor.
dissimilatory sulfite reductase activity
dissimilatory-type sulfite reductase activity
trithionate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
trithionate:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate 1,2-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-keto-nona-2,4-dienedioate.
1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene + O2 = 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate. C6 of the substrate molecular may have an NH2 group attached.
Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene.
2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzenoid + O2 = H+ + distal extradiol ring cleavage. Substrates are 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl (forms 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate) and 2,2',3-trihydroxydiphenylether (forms 2,3-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate).
1,2-dihydroxyfluorene 1,1-alpha-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxyfluorene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-4-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-1-ylidene) but-2-enoic acid.
5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + O2 = 3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-(3-carboxy-3-oxopropenyl)-1H-2-pyridon.
1,1-dichloro-2-(dihydroxy-4-chlorophenyl)-(4-chlorophenyl)ethene 1,2-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloro-2-(dihydroxy-4'-chorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethene + O2 = 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8-trichloroocta-2E,4E,7-trienoate.
1,1-dichloro-2-(dihydroxy-4-chlorophenyl)-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene 1,2-dioxygenase activity
protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase type II activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfocatechol + O2 = 3-sulfomuconate.
2'-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol 1,2-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-(2'-aminophenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate.
3,4-dihydroxyfluorene 4,4-alpha-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyfluorene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-2-ylidene) but-2-enoic acid.
2,3-dihydroxy-ethylbenzene 1,2-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxyethylbenzene + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-6-oxoocta-2,4-dienoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: carbazole + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + 2'-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol.
dihydroxydibenzothiophene dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxydibenzothiophene + O2 = cis-4-(2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate.
1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate 1,8a-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate + O2 = H+ + (Z)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-sulfonatophenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate.
1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulphonate 1,8a-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: styrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = NAD+ + styrene cis-glycol.
3,4-dihydroxyphenanthrene dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenanthrene + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-2 H-benzo[h]chromene-2-carboxylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: hydroquinone + O2 = cis,trans-4-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde.
Catalysis of the reaction: p-cumate + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate.
2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumate dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate.
3,5-dichlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dichlorocatechol + O2 = 2 H+ + 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminophenol + O2 = 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde.
2,6-dichloro-p-hydroquinone 1,2-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone + O2 + H2O = HCl + 2 H+ + 2-chloromaleylacetate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,6-dichlorocatechol + O2 = 2 H+ + 2,5-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.
Catalysis of the reaction: catechol + O2 = cis,cis-muconate.
catechol:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase activity
catechol-oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: catechol + O2 = 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde.
catechol:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate.
protocatechuate:oxygen 3,4-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protocatechuate + O2 = 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde.
protocatechuate:oxygen 4,5-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: ethylnitronate + O2 = acetaldehyde + nitrite.
nitronate:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (nitrite-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzene-1,2,4-triol + O2 = 3-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate.
benzene-1,2,4-triol:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate 1,2-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate + O2 = (3E)-4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.
1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate-degrading enzyme activity
1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate dioxygenase activity
1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid dioxygenase activity
biphenyl-2,3-diol 1,2-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2,3-diol + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O.
2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase activity
2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase activity
biphenyl-2,3-diol:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid oxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid + 1/2 O2 = glyoxylate + 2,4,5-trichlorophenol.
Catalysis of the reaction: fluorene + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = H2O + 9-fluorenol.
Catalysis of the reaction: butyltin + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + beta-hydroxybutyltin.
obsolete limonene 8-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tri-n-butyltin + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + beta-hydroxybutyldibutyltin.
Catalysis of the reaction: dibutyltin + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + beta-hydroxybutylbutyltin.
Catalysis of the reaction: methylsilanetriol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + hydroxymethylsilanetriol.
methyl tertiary butyl ether 3-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: methyl tert-butyl ether + 1/2 O2 = tert-butyl alcohol + formaldehyde.
4-nitrocatechol 4-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrocatechol + O2 + 4 e- + 3 H+ = H2O + nitrite + 1,2,4-benzenetriol.
4-chlorophenoxyacetate monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorophenoxyacetate + 1/2 O2 = glyoxylate + 4-chlorophenol.
Catalysis of the reaction: tert-butanol + 1/2 O2 = 2-methyl-2-hydroxy-1-propanol.
tert-butyl alcohol 2-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + pinocarveol.
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylsilanediol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol.
Catalysis of the oxidation of alkanes (up to C8) to alcohols and alkenes (up to C5) to epoxides and alcohols in the presence of ammonium ions.
hydroxymethylsilanetriol oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymethylsilanetriol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2 H2O + formylsilanetriol.
2-hydroxyisobutyrate 3-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyrate + 1/2 O2 = 2,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl propionate.
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + myrtenol.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrophenol + H+ + NADH + O2 = 4-nitrocatechol + H2O + NAD+.
4-nitrophenol,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating)
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate + 2-oxoglutarate + oxygen = 2,4-dichlorophenol + glyoxylate + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: nitrobenzene + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + nitrite + catechol.
4-aminobenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase (deaminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 e- = NH3 + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: toluene-4-sulfonate + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + HSO3(-) + 4-methylcatechol.
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-indanone + NADPH + 1/2 O2 = NADP+ + 3,4-dihydrocoumarin.
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-indanone + NADPH + 1/2 O2 = NADP+ + 3-hydroxy-1-indanone.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-unsubstituted benzenoid + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = 2,3-cis-dihydroxydihydrobenzenoid + NAD(P)+. Substrates include 1,4-dichlorobenzene (forms 3,6-dichloro-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene), 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene (forms cis-chlorobenzene dihydrodiol) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (forms 3,4,6-trichloro-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene).
Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzofuran + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl + NAD+.
Catalysis of the reaction: methylbenzoate + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + 1,2-dihydroxymethylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzothiophene + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzothiophene.
Catalysis of the reaction: 9-fluorenone + 2 NADPH + O2 = 2 NADP+ + 3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-9-fluorenone.
Catalysis of the reaction: ethylbenzene + O2 + NADH + H+ = NAD+ + cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydroethylbenzene.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-indanone + NADPH + 1/2 O2 = NADP+ + 3-isochromanone.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,5-trihydroxytoluene + O2 = 2,4,6-trioxoheptanoate.
4-aminobenzenesulfonate 3,4-dioxygenase (deaminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzenesulfonate + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 e- = NH3 + 4-sulfocatechol.
4-aminobenzenesulphonate 3,4-dioxygenase (deaminating) activity
anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase (deaminating, decarboxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = catechol + CO2 + NADP+ + NH3.
anthranilate,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating, deaminating, decarboxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: benzene + H+ + NADH + O2 = cis-cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+.
benzene,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + phthalate = cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,6-diene-1,2-dicarboxylate + NAD+.
phthalate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (4,5-hydroxylating)
4-sulfobenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfobenzoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + NAD+ + sulfite.
4-sulfobenzoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3,4-hydroxylating, sulfite-forming)
4-sulphobenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase activity
4-chlorophenylacetate 3,4-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorophenylacetate + NADH + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + chloride + NAD+.
4-chlorophenylacetate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3,4-hydroxylating, dechlorinating)
Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + CO2 + NAD+.
benzoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating, decarboxylating)
benzoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + toluene = (1S,2R)-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+.
toluene,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: naphthalene + NADH + H+ + O2 = (1R,2S)-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol + NAD+.
naphthalene,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating)
2-chlorobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chlorobenzoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + chloride + NAD+ + CO2.
2-chlorobenzoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating, dechlorinating, decarboxylating)
2-aminobenzenesulfonate 2,3-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminobenzenesulfonate + 2 H+ + NADH + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxybenzenesulfonate + NAD+ + NH4. 2,3-dihydroxybenzenesulfonate is also known as 3-sulfocatechol.
2-aminobenzenesulfonate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2,3-hydroxylating, ammonia-forming)
2-aminobenzenesulfonate dioxygenase activity
2-aminobenzenesulphonate 2,3-dioxygenase activity
2-aminobenzenesulphonate dioxygenase activity
2-aminosulfobenzene 2,3-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + terephthalate = (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate + NAD+.
1,4-dicarboxybenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase activity
benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating)
benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate 1,2-dioxygenase activity
2-hydroxyquinoline 5,6-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: quinolin-2-ol + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,5,6-trihydroxy-5,6-dihydroquinoline + NAD+.
2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline 5,6-dioxygenase activity
quinolin-2(1H)-one 5,6-dioxygenase activity
quinolin-2-ol,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (5,6-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxytoluene + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol.
Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + 2-hydroxyphenylacetate.
Catalysis of the reaction: p-nitrophenol + O2 + NADPH = H2O + NADP+ + nitrite + p-benzoquinone.
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethyl sulfide + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + methanethiol + formaldehyde.
dimethyl sulphide monooxygenase activity
alpha-pinene monooxygenase [NADH] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + alpha-pinene oxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + H2O + (4R)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.
(+)-limonene,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
(R)-limonene,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
phenanthrene 9,10-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + phenanthrene-9,10-oxide.
1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate + O2 + NADPH + 2 H+ = NADP+ + H2O + CO2 + 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene.
Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + 1/2 O2 = 4-hydroxytoluene.
Catalysis of the reactions: toluene + 1/2 O2 = benzyl alcohol, and xylene + 1/2 O2 = methylbenzyl alcohol.
Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzothiophene + NADH + H+ + O2 = dibenzothiophene-5-oxide + NAD+ + H2O.
6-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline 6-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline.
Catalysis of the addition or substitution of an OH group on C4 of a halogenated phenol.
Catalysis of the reaction: carbon disulfide + NADH + H+ + O2 = [S] + H2O + NAD+ + carbonyl sulfide.
Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + 1/2 O2 = 2-hydroxytoluene.
Catalysis of the reaction: propene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1,2-epoxypropane + NAD+ + H2O.
alkene,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene 1,2-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,4R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene + NADPH + O2 = NADP+ + OH- + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + phenanthrene-1,2-oxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: methanesulfonate + NADH + H+ + O2 = formaldehyde + NAD+ + sulfite + H2O.
methanesulfonate,FMNH2:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
methanesulfonate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
methanesulfonic acid monooxygenase activity
methanesulphonic acid monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydrofuran + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran.
Catalysis of the reaction: styrene + NADPH + FADH + O2 = NADP+ + FAD+ + H2O + styrene oxide.
toluene-4-sulfonate monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: toluene-4-sulfonate + 1/2 O2 + H+ = HSO3(-) + 4-hydroxytoluene.
toluene-4-sulphonate monooxygenase activity
toluene-sulfonate methyl-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: toluene-4-sulfonate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + 4-sulfobenzyl alcohol.
toluene-sulphonate methyl-monooxygenase activity
3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline 6-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + 6-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline.
2-hydroxy-phenylacetate hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + homogentisate.
2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + delta2,5-3,4,4-trimethylpimelyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + phenanthrene-3,4-oxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + 1/2 O2 = 3-hydroxytoluene.
Catalysis of the reaction: salicylate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + NAD+ + H2O + CO2.
salicylate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating, decarboxylating)
salicylate hydroxylase (decarboxylating)
4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = protocatechuate + NADP+ + H2O.
4-hydroxybenzoate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
4-hydroxybenzoate 3-hydroxylase activity
4-hydroxybenzoate monooxygenase activity
para-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase activity
p-hydroxybenzoate-3-hydroxylase activity
p-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrolase activity
p-hydroxybenzoic acid hydroxylase activity
obsolete 4-hydroxyphenylacetate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + H+ + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + NAD+ + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + orcinol = 2,3,5-trihydroxytoluene + H2O + NAD+.
orcinol,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = catechol + NADP+ + H2O.
phenol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating)
2,6-dihydroxypyridine 3-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxypyridine + H+ + NADH + O2 = 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine + H2O + NAD+.
2,6-dihydroxypyridine,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzoate + H2O + NADP+.
benzoate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating)
4-hydroxyphenylacetate 1-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = homogentisate + NADP+ + H2O.
4-hydroxyphenylacetate,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating)
4-hydroxyphenylacetate 1-hydroxylase activity
4-hydroxyphenyl-acetate 1-hydroxylase activity
4-hydroxyphenylacetic 1-hydroxylase activity
2,4-dichlorophenol 6-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3,5-dichlorocatechol + NADP+ + H2O.
2,4-dichlorophenol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating)
2,4-dichlorophenol monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 6-hexanolide + NADP+ + H2O.
cyclohexanone:NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating, 1,2-lactonizing) activity
cyclohexanone:NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (lactone-forming)
cyclohexanone 1,2-monooxygenase activity
3-hydroxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O + NADP+.
3-hydroxybenzoate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating)
3-hydroxybenzoate 4-hydroxylase activity
3-hydroxybenzoate 6-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O + NAD+.
3-hydroxybenzoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating)
3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase activity
3-hydroxybenzoic acid-6-hydroxylase activity
m-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase activity
4-aminobenzoate 1-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxyaniline + NADP+ + H2O + CO2.
4-aminobenzoate,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating, decarboxylating)
4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase [NAD(P)H] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
4-hydroxybenzoate,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
4-hydroxybenzoate-3-hydroxylase activity
4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate))
anthranilate 3-monooxygenase (deaminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + 2 H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + NADP+ + NH4.
anthranilate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating, deaminating)
anthranilate 2,3-dioxygenase (deaminating)
anthranilate 2,3-hydroxylase (deaminating) activity
anthranilate hydroxylase (deaminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + O2 = 2-amino-5-oxocyclohex-1-enecarboxyl-CoA + H2O + 2 NADP+.
2-aminobenzoyl-CoA,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (de-aromatizing)
2-aminobenzoyl-CoA monooxygenase/reductase activity
anthraniloyl coenzyme A reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (1S,6R)-isopiperitenol + H2O + NADP+.
(-)-limonene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) activity
(S)-limonene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (-)-trans-carveol + NADP+ + H2O.
(-)-limonene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating) activity
(S)-limonene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (4S)-perillyl alcohol + H2O + NADP+.
pentachlorophenol monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pentachlorophenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = tetrachlorohydroquinone + NADP+ + chloride.
pentachlorophenol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, dechlorinating)
pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase activity
4-hydroxybenzoate 1-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hydroquinone + NADP+ + H2O + CO2.
4-hydroxybenzoate,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating, decarboxylating)
4-hydroxybenzoate 1-monooxygenase activity
dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide + O2 + 2 NADH + H+ = 2 NAD+ + H2O + 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 deethylatrazine + O2 = 2 CH3COCH3 + 2 deisopropyldeethylatrazine.
deisopropylatrazine monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 deisopropylatrazine + O2 = 2 acetaldehyde + 2 deisopropyldeethylatrazine.
Catalysis of the reaction: atrazine + O2 + 2 H+ = deethylatrazine + acetaldehyde + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-camphor + putidaredoxin + O2 = (+)-exo-5-hydroxycamphor + oxidized putidaredoxin + H2O.
(+)-camphor,reduced putidaredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxylating)
camphor 5-exo-methylene hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1R,4R)-bornane-2,5-dione + FMNH2 + O2 = (1R,4R)-5-oxo-1,2-campholide + FMN + H+ + H2O.
(+)-camphor,reduced-rubredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-lactonizing)
2,5-diketocamphane lactonizing enzyme activity
Catalysis of the reaction: octane + reduced rubredoxin + O2 = 1-octanol + oxidized rubredoxin + H2O.
alkane,reduced-rubredoxin:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase activity
fatty acid (omega-1)-hydroxylase activity
6-hydroxy pseudo-oxynicotine monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + O2 = 2 2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine.
Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl + NADH + H+ + O2 = (2R,3S)-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+. This reaction requires Fe2+.
biphenyl,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2,3-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT. 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDT.
naphthalene disulfonate 1,2-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (1/2)-unsubstituted naphthalenoid-(2/1)-sulfonate + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene derivative + HSO3(-). Substrates include naphthalene-1,6-disulfonate (forms 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate), naphthalene-1-sulfonate (forms 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene), naphthalene-2,6-disulfonate (forms 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate) and naphthalene-2-sulfonate (forms 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene).
naphthalene disulphonate 1,2-dioxygenase activity
4-methoxybenzoate monooxygenase (O-demethylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methoxybenzoate + AH(2) + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzoate + A + formaldehyde + H2O.
4-methoxybenzoate,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (O-demethylating)
4-methoxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase (O-demethylating)
4-methoxybenzoate monooxygenase activity
4-methoxybenzoate O-demethylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: A + ethylbenzene + H2O = (S)-1-phenylethanol + AH(2).
ethylbenzene:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: p-cymene + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + p-cumic alcohol.
4-cresol dehydrogenase (hydroxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-cresol + acceptor + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + reduced acceptor.
4-cresol:acceptor oxidoreductase (methyl-hydroxylating)
p-cresol-(acceptor) oxidoreductase (hydroxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: carbonyl sulfide + 2 H+ + 2 e- = hydrogen sulfide + carbon monoxide.
vinyl chloride reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: vinyl chloride + 2 H+ + 2 e- = HCl + ethene.
1,1,1-trichloroethane reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloroethane + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1,1-dichloroethane + HCl.
2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + N-isopropylacetanilide.
2,5-dichlorohydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: organohalide + 2 H+ + 2 e- = R-H + HCl. Reactants include chlorohydroquinone (forms hydroquinone) and 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone (forms chlorohydroquinone).
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDE; 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDMU.
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene dehalogenase activity
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + 4-chlorophenoxyacetate.
obsolete 5-chloro-2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehalogenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 5-chloro-2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde.
1,2-dichloroethene reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dichloroethene + 2 H+ + 2 e- = HCl + vinyl chloride.
1,2-dichloroethylene reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene + 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene = 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene + 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene.
1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene:1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene hydroxyltransferase activity
1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene:1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene hydroxytransferase activity
1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene:pyrogallol transhydroxylase activity
1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene hydroxyltransferase activity
1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene-pyrogallol hydroxyltransferase (transhydroxylase)
1-phenanthrol methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phenanthrol + X-CH3 = X + 1-methoxyphenanthrene.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a thiol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a thioether.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:thiol S-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetone + ATP + CO2 + 2 H2O = acetoacetate + AMP + 4 H+ + 2 phosphate.
acetone:carbon-dioxide ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl acetyl-CoA + CoA = acetyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoyl-CoA + CoASH = 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + acetyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-ketopimeloyl-CoA + CoA = glutaryl-CoA + acetyl-CoA.
9-phenanthrol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 9-phenanthrol + UDP-glucuronate = 9-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucuronide + UDP.
1-phenanthrol glycosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phenanthrol + glucose = 1-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O.
9-phenanthrol glycosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 9-phenanthrol + glucose = 9-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O.
1,2-dihydroxy-phenanthrene glycosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxyphenanthrene + UDP-glucose = 2-hydroxy-1-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP.
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-aminohexanoate + alpha-ketoglutarate = glutamate + 6-oxohexanoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + X-HPO3- = XH + phenylphosphate.
trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + 2 X-SO3(-) = 2 HX + phenanthrene-9,10-dihydrodiolsulfate conjugate.
trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene sulphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 1-phenanthrylsulfate.
1-phenanthrol sulphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 3-phenanthrylsulfate.
3-phenanthrol sulphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 4-phenanthrylsulfate.
4-phenanthrol sulphotransferase activity
trans-3,4-dihydrodiolphenanthrene sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-3,4-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + 2 X-SO3(-) = 2 HX + phenanthrene-3,4-dihydrodiolsulfate conjugate.
trans-3,4-dihydrodiolphenanthrene sulphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 9-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 9-phenanthrylsulfate.
9-phenanthrol sulphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 2-phenanthrylsulfate.
2-phenanthrol sulphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + propanoate = acetate + propanoyl-CoA.
acetyl-CoA:propanoate CoA-transferase activity
propionate-CoA:lactoyl-CoA transferase activity
propionate coenzyme A-transferase activity
propionyl CoA:acetate CoA transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (E)-glutaconate = acetate + glutaconyl-1-CoA.
acetyl-CoA:(E)-glutaconate CoA-transferase activity
1-oxa-2-oxocycloheptane lactonase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-oxa-2-oxocycloheptane + H2O = 6-hydroxyhexanoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfolactone + OH- = HSO3(-) + maleylacetate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydrocoumarin + H2O = 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) propionate.
Catalysis of the reaction: butyrolactone + H2O = 4-hydroxybutanoate.
6-oxo-2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxo-2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA.
2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = pimeloyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H+.
4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA + H+.
4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thiolesterase activity
2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate desulfinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate + H2O = biphenyl-2-ol + sulfite.
2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate sulfinolyase activity
2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate sulfohydrolase activity
2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzenesulfinate desulfinase activity
2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzenesulfinate:H2O hydrolase activity
2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzenesulfinate desulfinase activity
2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzenesulfinate hydrolase activity
2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzenesulfinate sulfohydrolase activity
2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzenesulphinate hydrolase activity
dibenzothiophene desulfurization enzyme B
Catalysis of the reaction: a primary linear alkyl sulfate ester + H2O =>a primary alcohol + H(+) + sulfate.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the ether in chloro- or hydroxyepoxypropane to produce chloropropane diol or glycerol. Acts on R enantiomers.
phenanthrene-9,10-epoxide hydrolase (9R,10R-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-9,10-oxide + H2O = trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene.
Catalysis of the reaction: limonene-1,2-epoxide + H2O = limonene-1,2-diol. Other substrates include alicyclic and 1-methyl-substituted epoxides, such as 1-methylcyclohexene oxide, indene oxide and cyclohexene oxide.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the ether in chloro-, bromo- or hydroxyepoxypropane to produce a chloro- or bromopropane diol or glycerol.
phenanthrene-3,4-epoxide hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-3,4-oxide + H2O = trans-3,4-dihydrodiolphenanthrene.
phenanthrene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-1,2-oxide + H2O = trans-1,2-dihydrodiolphenanthrene.
Catalysis of the reaction: iprodione + OH- = 3,5-dichlorophenylcarboximide + N-isopropylcarbamate.
(3,5-dichlorophenylurea)acetate amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3,5-dichlorophenylurea)acetate + OH- = 3,5-dichloroaniline + N-carboxyglycine.
Catalysis of the reaction: biuret + H2O = urea + CO2 + NH3.
3,5-dichlorophenylcarboximide hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dichlorophenylcarboximide + OH- = (3,5-dichlorophenylurea)acetate.
Catalysis of the reaction: epsilon-caprolactam + H2O = H+ + 6-aminohexanoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: cyanuric acid + H2O = biuret + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: ammelide + H2O = cyanuric acid + NH3.
2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine aminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine + OH- = 2,4-dihydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine + Cl-.
Catalysis of the reaction: ammeline + H2O = ammelide + NH3.
deisopropylhydroxyatrazine aminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: deisopropylhydroxyatrazine + H2O = NH3 + 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(N'-ethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine.
2,4-dihydroxy-6-(N'-ethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine aminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(N'-ethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine + H2O = CH3CH2NH2 + cyanuric acid.
methenyltetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H2O = N(5)-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H+.
5,10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin 10-hydrolase (decyclizing)
5,10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase activity
methenyl-H(4)MPT cyclohydrolase activity
N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 H+ + thiocyanate = carbonyl sulfide + NH4.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile + 2 H2O = 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate + NH4. Involved in the bacterial degradation of the herbicide bromoxynil.
3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile aminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: R-CN + H2O = R-COOH + NH3.
aliphatic nitrile aminohydrolase activity
hydroxydechloroatrazine ethylaminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + H2O = N-isopropylammelide + ethylamine.
4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine ethylaminohydrolase activity
hydroxyatrazine ethylaminohydrolase activity
N-isopropylammelide isopropylaminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylammelide + H2O = cyanuric acid + isopropylamine.
2-hydroxy-6-oxohepta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis,cis-2-hydroxy-6-oxohept-2,4-dienoate + OH- = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + acetate.
dihydrophloroglucinol hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrophloroglucinol + OH- = 3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoate.
2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + isobutyrate.
2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2'-aminophenyl)hexa-2,4-dienoate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-(2'-aminophenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 2-aminobenzoate + cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate.
2-hydroxy-6-oxoocta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxoocta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = H+ + propanoate + cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate.
6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8-trichloroocta-2E,4E,7-trienoate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8-trichloroocta-2Z,4Z,7-trienoate + H2O = 2-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dichloropropenoate + cis-2-Hydroxy-3-chloropenta-2,4-dienone + H+.
2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-dienedioate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4Z)-2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-dienedioate + H2O = (2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + H+ + succinate.
(2E,4Z)-2-hydroxy-6-oxona-2,4-dienedioate succinylhydrolase activity
2-hydroxy-6-ketonona-2,4-dienedoic acid hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trioxoheptanoate + H2O = acetylpyruvate + acetate.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetylpyruvate + H2O = acetate + H+ + pyruvate.
2,4-dioxopentanoate acetylhydrolase activity
2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexa-3-enoate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexa-3-enoate + H2O = benzoate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.
2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexa-3-enoate benzoylhydrolase activity
2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate hydrolase activity
2-hydroxymuconate-semialdehyde hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + H2O = formate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.
2-hydroxymuconate-semialdehyde formylhydrolase activity
2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde hydrolase activity
trans-chloroacrylic acid dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-3-chloroacrylic acid + H2O = H+ + malonate semialdehyde.
1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-1,4-cyclohexadiene halidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alkyl halide + H2O = alcohol + HCl. Substrates are 1,3(R),4,6(R)-tetrachloro-1,4-cyclohexadiene (forms 2,4,5-trichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-ol) and 2,4,5-trichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-ol (forms 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol).
Catalysis of the reaction: trichloroacetate + 2 H2O = 3 H+ + 3 Cl- + oxalate.
obsolete 2-chloro-4,6-dihydroxy-1,3,5-triazine hydrolase activity
dichloroacetate halidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dichloroacetate + H2O = 2 HCl + glyoxylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-halo or 1-pseudohalo-S-triazine = 1-hydroxy-S-triazine.
cis-chloroacrylic acid dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3-chloroacrylic acid + H2O = H+ + HCl + malonate semialdehyde.
deisopropyldeethylatrazine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: deisopropyldeethylatrazine + H2O = 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-haloacid + H2O = (R)-2-hydroxyacid + halide.
2-haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase activity
2-haloalkanoid acid halidohydrolase activity
2-halocarboxylic acid dehalogenase II activity
halocarboxylic acid halidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: haloacetate + H2O = glycolate + halide.
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-haloalkane + H2O = a primary alcohol + halide.
4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoyl CoA + chloride.
4-chlorobenzoyl CoA chlorohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: atrazine + H2O = 4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + chloride + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexylsulfamate + H2O = cyclohexylamine + sulfate.
cyclohexylsulfamate sulfamidase activity
cyclohexylsulfamate sulfohydrolase activity
2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate = CO2 + 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate.
bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetate + H+ = CO2 + bis(4-chlorophenyl)methane. Bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetate is also known as DDA; bis(4-chlorophenyl)methane is also known as DDM.
3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate + H+ = CO2 + 2,6-dibromophenol.
2-hydroxyisobutyrate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyrate + H+ = CO2 + 2-propanol.
2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-dicarbonate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-dicarbonate + H+ = CO2 + L-lactate.
4,5-dihydroxyphthalate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO2.
4,5-dihydroxyphthalate carboxy-lyase (3,4-dihydroxybenzoate-forming)
4,5-dihydroxyphthalate carboxy-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + H+ = CO2 + pyrogallol.
gallate carboxy-lyase (pyrogallol-forming)
4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + H+ = CO2 + phenol.
4-hydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase (phenol-forming)
4-hydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase activity
p-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase activity
5-oxopent-3-ene-1,2,5-tricarboxylate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxopent-3-ene-1,2,5-tricarboxylate = 2-oxohept-3-enedioate + CO2.
5-carboxymethyl-2-oxo-hex-3-ene-1,6-dioate decarboxylase activity
5-carboxymethyl-2-oxo-hex-3-ene-1,7-dioate decarboxylase activity
5-oxopent-3-ene-1,2,5-tricarboxylate carboxy-lyase (2-oxohept-3-enedioate-forming)
5-oxopent-3-ene-1,2,5-tricarboxylate carboxy-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-glutaconyl-CoA + H+ = but-2-enoyl-CoA + CO2.
4-carboxybut-2-enoyl-CoA carboxy-lyase (but-2-enoyl-CoA-forming)
4-carboxybut-2-enoyl-CoA carboxy-lyase activity
glutaconyl coenzyme A decarboxylase activity
2,4-dihydroxyhept-2-ene-1,7-dioate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dihydroxy-hept-trans-2-ene-1,7-dioate = pyruvate + succinic semialdehyde.
4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3E)-4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate = 2-carboxybenzaldehyde + pyruvate.
(3E)-4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate 2-carboxybenzaldehyde-lyase activity
(3Z)-4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate 2-carboxybenzaldehyde-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
(3Z)-4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate 2-carboxybenzaldehyde-lyase activity
2'-carboxybenzalpyruvate aldolase activity
trans-2'-carboxybenzalpyruvate hydratase-aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + toluene = 2-benzylsuccinate.
benzylsuccinate fumarate-lyase (toluene-forming)
6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.
trans-4-(1'-hydroxynaphth-2'-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate hydratase-aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-(1'-hydroxynaphth-2'-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate + H2O = pyruvate + 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde.
Catalysis of the reaction: E-phenylitaconyl-CoA + H2O = (hydroxymethylphenyl)succinyl-CoA.
trans-4-[2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl]-2-oxo-3-butenoate hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-(2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate + H2O = pyruvate + 3-hydroxy-2-formylbenzothiophene.
cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-hydroxy-fatty acyl-CoA = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O. The stereospecifity of the hydroxyacyl in this reaction is not specified.
trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate hydratase-aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-3-enoate-4-benzenoid + H2O = pyruvate + benzaldehyde derivative. Substrates are (3E)-4-(5-amino-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-but-3-ene-1-oic-acid (forms 5-aminosalicylaldehyde) and trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate (forms salicylaldehyde).
Catalysis of the reaction: (trans)-phenylacetaldoxime = H2O + phenylacetonitrile.
(Z)-phenylacetaldehyde-oxime hydro-lyase (phenylacetonitrile-forming) activity
(Z)-phenylacetaldehyde-oxime hydro-lyase activity
3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-(3-carboxy-3-oxopropenyl)-1H-2-pyridon hydratase-aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-(3-carboxy-3-oxopropenyl)-1H-2-pyridon + H2O = 2-oxobut-3-enanoate + 2,5,6-trihydroxy-3-methylpyridine.
2-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyrate = H2O + methacrylate.
2-oxo-hept-3-ene-1,7-dioate hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-oxohept-3-ene-1,7-dioate + H2O = 2,4-dihydroxy-hept-trans-2-ene-1,7-dioate.
2-oxo-hepta-3-ene-1,7-dioate hydratase activity
2-oxo-hepta-3-ene-1,7-dioic acid hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetaldehyde = acetylene + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: lactoyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O.
lactoyl-CoA hydro-lyase (acryloyl-CoA-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: urea = cyanamide + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amide = a nitrile + H2O.
aliphatic-amide hydro-lyase (nitrile-forming)
cyclohexa-1,5-dienecarbonyl-CoA hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + H2O = 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-enecarbonyl-CoA.
6-hydroxycyclohex-1-enecarbonyl-CoA (cyclohexa-1,5-dienecarbonyl-CoA-forming)
cyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA hydratase activity
cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA hydratase activity
cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxyl-CoA hydratase activity
cyclohexa-1,5-dienecarbonyl-CoA hydro-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (hydroxyamino)benzene = 2-aminophenol.
(hydroxyamino)benzene hydroxymutase activity
hydroxylaminobenzene hydroxymutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: triethanolamine = diethanolamine + acetaldehyde.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine = methanethiol + NH3 + 2-oxobutanoate.
L-methionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating; 2-oxobutanoate-forming)
L-methionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating)
1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane dehydrochlorinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = HCl + unsym-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene. 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDMS; unsym-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDNU.
halohydrin hydrogen-halide-lyase A activity
Catalysis of the elimination of HCl from a chloro- or bromopropanol, yielding an epoxypropane.
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane dehydrochlorinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = HCl + 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDD; 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDMU.
gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane dehydrochlorinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane + HCl = 1,3(R),4(S),5(S),6(R)-pentachlorocyclohexene.
5-chloro-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene dechlorinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-chloro-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene = Cl- + H+ + 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone.
halohydrin hydrogen-halide-lyase B activity
Catalysis of the elimination of HCl from a chloropropanol, yielding an epoxypropane.
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene + chloride + H+.
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane chloride-lyase [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene-forming]
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane chloride-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dichloromethane + H2O = 2 chloride + formaldehyde + 2 H+.
dichloromethane chloride-lyase (adding H2O; chloride-hydrolysing; formaldehyde-forming)
dichloromethane chloride-lyase (chloride-hydrolysing)
Catalysis of the reaction: alkylphosphonic acid = R-CH3 + phosphate. Substrates include aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) (forms methylamine), dimethylphosphinic acid (forms methylphosphonic acid), glyphosate (forms sarcosine) and methylphosphonic acid (forms phosphate).
Catalysis of the reaction: an alkylmercury + H+ = an alkane + Hg2+.
alkylmercury mercuric-lyase (alkane-forming)
2-hydroxy-2H-benzo[h]chromene-2-carboxylate isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-2 H-benzo[h]chromene-2-carboxylate = cis -4-(1'-hydroxynaphth-2'-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-mandelate = (R)-mandelate.
cis-4-[2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl]-2-oxo-3-butenoate isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-(2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate = trans-4-(2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate.
2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran = 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde.
2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate = (3E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate. (3E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate is also known as trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate.
Catalysis of the reaction: styrene oxide = phenylacetaldehyde.
styrene-oxide isomerase (epoxide-cleaving)
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene = limonene.
Catalysis of the reaction: pinocarveol = carveol.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = cis,cis-hexadienedioate.
cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate.
2-chloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate lyase (decyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene oxide = (Z)-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal.
dichloromuconate cycloisomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.
2,4-dichloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate lyase (decyclizing)
obsolete perillyl-CoA synthetase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: perillic acid + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + ADP/AMP + mono/diphosphate + perillyl-CoA.
3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + ADP/AMP + mono/diphosphate + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA.
2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetate + ATP + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-3-phenylpropionate + CoA + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + benzoyl acetyl-CoA.
2,4-dichlorobenzoate-CoA ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorobenzoate + ATP + CoASH = AMP + diphosphate + 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + benzoate + CoA = AMP + benzoyl-CoA + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.
4-hydroxybenzoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
4-hydroxybenzoate-CoA synthetase activity
4-hydroxybenzoate-coenzyme A ligase (AMP-forming)
4-hydroxybenzoyl coenzyme A synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + anthranilate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + anthranilyl-CoA.
2-aminobenzoate coenzyme A ligase activity
2-aminobenzoate-coenzyme A ligase activity
anthraniloyl coenzyme A synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzoate + CoA + ATP = 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate. This reaction requires magnesium and is part of the bacterial 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation pathway.
Catalysis of the reaction: phenylphosphate + CO2 + H2O = H+ + phosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoate.
phenanthrene-9,10-epoxide hydrolase (9S,10S-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-9,10-oxide + H2O = trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylene, formula CH2CH2, the simplest of the alkynes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acrylonitrile, a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor. Acrylonitrile is used in the production of acrylic fibers, plastics, and synthetic rubbers.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature. It is a major component in tea-tree oils, and gives off a piney smelling odor.
2-aminobenzenesulfonate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, aniline-o-sulfonic acid, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.
2-aminobenzenesulphonate metabolic process
anaerobic 2-aminobenzoate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminobenzoate, a derivative of benzoic acid with an NH2 group attached to C2, that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, the anion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom. Arsonoacetate and other arsenic containing compounds are used in agricultural applications as animal feed additives, cotton defoliants and post-emergence grass herbicides.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving atrazine, a triazine ring-containing compound, widely used as a herbicide.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) that occur in the absence of oxygen.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzonitrile. Benzonitrile is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate in the pharmaceutical, dyestuffs and rubber industries. It is highly toxic and harmful in contact with skin.
beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, a halogenated organic insecticide that has been used worldwide for agriculture and public health.
beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolism
aerobic beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane that occur in presence of oxygen.
aerobic beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-chlorobiphenyl, a member of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) group of compounds, a very stable group of synthetic organic compounds composed of a biphenyl nucleus with 1-10 chlorine substituents. 4-chlorobiphenyl has been used as a model substrate to investigate PCB degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving bromoxynil, C7H3Br2NO, a dibrominated phenol derivative with a cyano (-CN) group attached. Bromoxynil is used as a herbicide for post-emergent control of annual broadleaf weeds and works by inhibiting photosynthesis in the target plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone which is one of the major components in the leaves of common sage. Camphor exists in two enantiomers, but the (+)-isomer is more widely distributed.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. It can cause local irritation.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations. It is also used as grain fumigant and a chemical intermediate in the production of refrigerants.
anaerobic carbon tetrachloride metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
anaerobic carbon tetrachloride metabolism
4-carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene, a sulfonated azo compound synthesized by nitro-amine condensation from sulfanilic acid and 4-nitrobenzoic acid.
4-carboxy-4'-sulphoazobenzene metabolic process
4-carboxy-4'-sulphoazobenzene metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-chloroacrylic acid, ClHC=CHCOOH, a chlorinated derivative of acrylic acid.
2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants.
2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanamide, NCNH2, a cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclohexanol, the monohydroxy derivative of cyclohexane. It is used as a solvent and blending agent.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclohexylsulfamate, also known as cyclamic acid. Sodium cyclohexylsulfamate (CHS-Na) was a widely used sweetening agent but was banned because of the suspicion of carcinogenicity and metabolic conversion to cyclohexylamine (CHA), a toxic substance. It is now used as a fungicide.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzofuran, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one ether bond and one carbon-carbon bond. Dibenzofuran is a white crystalline solid created from the production of coal tar and used as an insecticide and an intermediate in the production of other chemicals.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds. Dibenzo-p-dioxins are generated as by-products in the manufacturing of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, paper pulp bleaching, and in incineration, and can accumulate in milk and throughout the food chain, creating significant health concern.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond. Dibenzothiophene derivatives can be detected in diesel oil following hydrodesulfurization treatment to remove sulfur compounds that would otherwise generate sulfur oxides during combustion.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond.
The removal of the sulfur atom from dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dichloromethane, a dichlorinated derivative of methane. It is a colorless organic liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor, often used as a paint remover.
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds.
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolism
obsolete 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCP), a halohydrin suspected of being carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic. DCP is used as a general solvent, as an intermediate in organic synthesis and in paints, varnishes, lacquers, water colors, binders and photographic lacquers.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving members of the 1,3-dichloropropene family, which includes cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene. The 1,3-dichloropropenes are chlorinated hydrocarbons and the major active ingredients of commercial products for control of plant-parasitic nematodes.
gamma-chloroallylchloride metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic ethers, any anhydride of the general formula R1-O-R2, formed between two identical or nonidentical organic hydroxy compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethyl ether, CH3-O-CH3, the simplest ether. Dimethyl ether, also known wood ether and methyl ether, is a colorless gas that has been used in refrigeration applications.
methyl tert-butyl ether metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl tert-butyl ether, 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane. Methyl tert-butyl ether is a synthetic chemical which is mixed with gasoline for use in reformulated gasoline. It was first introduced as an additive for unleaded gasoline in the 1980s. It is also used as a laboratory reagent and a pharmaceutical agent.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO (C2H6OS), an alkyl sulfoxide that is practically odorless in its purified form. As a highly polar organic liquid, it is a powerful solvent. Its biological activities include the ability to penetrate plant and animal tissues and to preserve living cells during freezing.
A cyclic series of interconversions involving dimethyl sulfide, methanethiol and hydrogen sulfide. Dimethylsulfoxide can also be converted to dimethyl sulfide, which enters the cycle.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dodecyl sulfate, commonly found as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a component of a variety of synthetic surfactants.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation.
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, a derivative of benzene with chlorine atoms attached to positions 1, 2 and 4 of the ring. It is a colorless liquid used as a solvent in chemical manufacturing, in dyes and intermediates, dielectric fluid, synthetic transformer oils, lubricants, heat-transfer medium and insecticides.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzene or paramoth), a derivative of benzene with two chlorine atoms attached at opposite positions on the ring. It forms white crystals at room temperature and is used as an insecticidal fumigant, particularly in mothballs.
anaerobic ethylbenzene metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylbenzene (phenylethane), a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorobenzene, a derivative of benzene with a chlorine atoms attached to the ring. It is a colorless liquid that is manufactured for use as a solvent. It quickly evaporates in the air and is degraded by hydroxyl radicals that are produced photochemically. The gas acts as a source of ClOx, which helps in the breakdown of stratospheric ozone.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylbenzene (phenylethane), a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor used as a solvent and as a component of automotive and aviation fuels.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrobenzene (nitrobenzol), a derivative of benzene with an NO2 group attached to the ring. It is a yellow aromatic liquid used in perfumery and manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline.
gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (also known as Lindane), the most common form of hexachlorohexane, a halogenated organic insecticide that has been used worldwide for agriculture and public health.
gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide also known by the trade name Roundup. It is a member of a broad class of compounds known as phosphonic acids, which contain a direct carbon-to-phosphorus (C-P) bond.
3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, an aromatic compound which is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways, including the biosynthesis of patulin, a toxin and antiviral agent produced by some moulds such as Penicillium patulinum.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving prodione, a colorless, odorless crystal. It is used as a dicarboximide contact fungicide to control a wide variety of crop diseases by inhibiting the germination of spores and the growth of the fungal mat (mycelium).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving m-cresol (3-hydroxytoluene), the meta-isoform of cresol. Used to produce agricultural chemicals, and in specialty resins, pharmaceuticals and pressure-sensitive dyes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanesulfonic acid, a strong acid produced by the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide.
obsolete methionine and threonine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor. It is used as a solvent and in making plastics, textiles and paints.
The dendrite of the dendritic tree that is farthest away from the neuronal cell body (the soma).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl fluoride, fluorine-substituted methane, a gaseous halogenated hydrocarbon that has been investigated as an inhibitor of methanotrophy and nitrification in soils.
regulation of spontaneous synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous synaptic transmission.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring.
A dendrite emerging from the cell body (the soma) of a neuron.
A protein complex required for the activation of urease. Activator subunits dissociate before urease has catalytic function.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine.
clathrin-dependent synaptic vesicle endocytosis
Clathrin-dependent endocytosis of presynaptic membrane regions comprising synaptic vesicles' membrane constituents. This is a relatively slow process occurring in the range of tens of seconds.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, an aminotricarboxylic acid that binds bivalent metal ions in a ratio of 1:1. As an important industrial chelating agent, NTA has been widely used for various radionuclide processing and decontamination procedures, such as textile, paper and pulp processing and water treatment.
The part of the dendritic spine neck where the spine arises from the dendritic shaft.
aerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the presence of oxygen.
A protein complex capable of activating an enzyme. Activating subunits may dissociate from the catalytic unit before the enzyme is active.
anaerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitroglycerin, a well-known nitrate ester and an important component of dynamite and other propellants. Toxic to algae, invertebrate, and vertebrates.
regulation of neuron projection arborization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized into branches.
regulation of neuron projection branching
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-nitropropane, a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor. 2-nitropropane is used principally as a solvent and chemical intermediate. As a solvent, it is used in inks, paints, adhesives, varnishes, polymers, and synthetic materials. It is a feedstock for the manufacture of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.
Endocytosis of large regions of presynaptic membrane after intense stimulation-mediated fusion of multiple synaptic vesicles. Bulk endocytosis is triggered by high loads of membrane addition through exocytosis of synaptic vesicles and elevated concentration of calcium in the presynapse.
activity-dependent bulk synaptic vesicle endocytosis
The chemical reactions and pathways involving n-octane, the 8 carbon straight chain alkane used in organic syntheses, calibrations, and azeotropic distillations. It is a common component of gasoline and other petroleum products and the engine fuel antiknocking properties of an isomer of n-octane are used as a comparative standard in the Octane Rating System.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen, and synthesized, probably as a fungicide, by some higher plants.
Any dendrite in a dendritic tree that emerges near the apical pole of a neuron, and which is farthest away from the neuronal cell body (the soma).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving organomercury compound, any organic compound containing a mercury atom.
The dendrite of the dendritic tree, which emerges near the apical pole of a neuron, and which is the closest to the cell body of the neuron (the soma).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving organometals, any metal-containing organic compound, especially one in which the metal atom is linked directly to one of more carbon atoms.
positive regulation of neuron projection arborization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized into branches.
positive regulation of neurite arborization
positive regulation of neurite branching
positive regulation of neuron projection branching
The chemical reactions and pathways involving organotin, an organic compound containing a tin atom.
negative regulation of neuron projection arborization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized into branches.
negative regulation of neurite arborization
negative regulation of neurite branching
negative regulation of neuron projection branching
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tri-n-butyltin, an organometallic compound composed of three butyl chains attached to a tin atom. Tri-n-butyltin is used as an antifouling agent in ship bottom paints and can be toxic to many marine organisms.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a basal dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organosilicon, organic compounds that contain silicon, a nonmetal element analogous to carbon.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a basal dendrite are generated and organized.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving organosilicons, organic compounds that contain silicon, in the presence of oxygen.
aerobic organosilicone metabolic process
Any dendrite in a dendritic tree that emerges near the basal pole of a neuron (e.g. in bipolar neurons, basal dendrites are either on the same side of the soma as the axon, or project toward the axon), and which is farthest away from the neuronal cell body (the soma).
anaerobic organosilicon metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving organosilicons, organic compounds that contain silicon, in the absence of oxygen.
anaerobic organosilicone metabolic process
Any dendrite in a dendritic tree that emerges near the basal pole of a neuron (e.g. in bipolar neurons, basal dendrites are either on the same side of the soma as the axon, or project toward the axon), and which is the closest to the cell body of the neuron (the soma).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylene, a mixture of three colorless, aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, ortho-, meta- and para-xylene.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an apical dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving m-xylene, (1,3-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated on the apical neuron side and organized into dendritic branches.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving o-xylene, (1,2-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated on the basal neuron side and organized into dendritic branches.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-xylene, (1,4-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
The process in which the anatomical structures of an apical dendrite are generated and organized.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate compound formerly used as a broad spectrum insecticide, acaricide, fumigant and nematocide. Degradation of parathion by sunlight or liver enzymes can result in the formation of the active compound paraoxon which interferes with the nervous system through cholinesterase inhibition.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cymene, 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene, one of the alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons found in volatile oils from over 100 plants.
pentaerythritol tetranitrate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentaerythritol tetranitrate, C(CH2-O-NO2)4, a substance produced for use as an explosive and a vasodilator.
oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
The process in which an oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
oxidized low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon used in explosives and in the synthesis of dyes and drugs. Although phenanthrene is not mutagenic or carcinogenic, it has been shown to be toxic to marine diatoms, gastropods, mussels, crustaceans, and fish.
oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity
Combining with an oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis.
oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor activity
oxidized low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity
oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor activity
phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite.
phenanthrene breakdown via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene
phenanthrene degradation via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene
phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite.
phenanthrene breakdown via trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene
phenanthrene degradation via trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene
regulation of protein localization to lysosome
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to lysosome.
phenol-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring.
aerobic phenol-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.
aerobic phenol-containing compound metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion.
That part of an axon close to and including the growth cone or the axon terminus.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentachlorophenol, a chlorinated insecticide and fungicide used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and wood boring insects. Pentachlorophenol is significantly toxic to mammals, plants, and many microorganisms.
regulation of trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid. It is produced from putrefaction of proteins in soil or breakdown of several constituents of plants, such as lignin, various oils and resins.
positive regulation of protein localization to lysosome
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to lysosome.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid. Phthalic acid diesters are used industrially in the production of a variety of household and consumer goods including plastic polymers, lubricating oils, and carriers for perfumes in cosmetics, while phthalic acid itself is used industrially as a plasticizer. Terephthalate is used in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate (polyethene terephthlate, abbreviated PET or PETE), a plastic polymer with many commercial uses.
negative regulation of protein localization to lysosome
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to lysosome.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving propylene, an alkene produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining. It is used mainly in the preparation of alkylates for gasoline and in the production of polypropylene, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide and a number of other industrial chemicals.
postsynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis
The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides, insulin-related peptides or neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a postsynaptic dense core vesicle by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of the postsynapse in response to increased cytosolic calcium levels.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving styrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon liquid soluble in ether and alcohol. When heated, exposed to light or added to a peroxide catalyst, it undergoes polymerization to form polystyrene, a versatile material used in the manufacture of plastics, synthetic rubber, thermal insulation, and packaging. Styrene is a classified mutagen and a suspected carcinogen.
regulation of trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrachloroethylene (tetrachloroethene), a derivative of ethene with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorines. Tetrachloroethene has been used primarily as a solvent in dry-cleaning industries and to a lesser extent as a degreasing solvent.
regulation of calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofuran, a cyclic 4 carbon ether. It is one of the most polar ethers and is a widely used solvent for polar reagents. Since THF is very soluble in water and has a relatively low boiling point, significant amounts are often released into the environment, causing contamination problems.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiocyanate, the anion of thiocyanic acid, a toxic cyanide derivative commonly formed as a by-product in the production of gas for fuel, coke, and substances for chemical industries.
structural constituent of synapse-associated extracellular matrix
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix of the perisynaptic space (the extracellular space adjacent to the synapse) and the synaptic cleft.
extra-synaptic extracellular matrix structural constituent
structural constituent of extra-synaptic extracellular matrix
synapse-associated extracellular matrix structural constituent
The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products such as gasoline and commonly used as a paint thinning agent and in other solvent applications.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene-4-sulfonate, the anion of 4-toluene sulfonic acid, a white crystalline solid which is highly hygroscopic and soluble in water.
4-methylbenzenesulfonate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene molecule with three NO2 groups attached to it. This includes the explosive TNT, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.
G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.
G-protein coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid. It is prepared from toluene treated with concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids and is used in shells, bombs, and blasting explosives.
regulation of postsynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis.
anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolism
regulation of synaptic signaling by nitric oxide
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic signaling by nitric oxide.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2,3-tribromopropane, a toxic and volatile organic compound commonly used as a nematocide in agriculture.
The portion of the septin cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide.
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane metabolism
The network of the Golgi apparatus structures located within the postsynapse.
anaerobic 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated, broad spectrum, contact insecticide, in the absence of oxygen.
anaerobic 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane metabolism
cerebellar granule cell to Purkinje cell synapse
A synapse of a granule cell fiber onto the dendrites of a Purkinje cell in cerebellum.
cerebellar parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse
The chemical reactions and pathways involving trichloroethylene, a toxic, colorless, photoreactive, chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid, commonly used as a metal degreaser and solvent.
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is widely used as a herbicide, often as a weed killer for home lawns.
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolism
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping.
obsolete triethanolamine metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving triethanolamine, a combustible, hygroscopic, colorless liquid commonly used in dry-cleaning solutions, cosmetics, detergents, textile processing, wool scouring, and as a corrosion inhibitor and pharmaceutical alkalizing agent.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods and can be obtained as a by-product of the pulp and paper industry by the oxidative breakdown of lignin.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynapse.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds, a class of natural products that are gaining increasing interest as cancer-preventing agents and crop protectants.
cerebellar climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapse
A synapse of a climbing fiber onto the dendrites of a Purkinje cell in cerebellum. The climbing fiber originates from the inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla oblongata.
cerebellar climbing fibre to Purkinje cell synapse
The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphthalenesulfonate, sulfonated derivatives of naphthalene.
A G protein-coupled receptor complex that serves as a receptor for amylin polypeptide (AMY) and consists of a calcitonin receptor (CTR/CALCR) and a receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 3. Amylin receptor complex 3 (AMY3) also serves as a receptor for the amyloid-beta complex. Ligand binding to AMY3 results in increased cytosolic calcium ion levels and in activation on multiple intracellular signalling pathways.
Synthesis and ordering of the envelope of pronuclei.
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular amylin, or another ligand, combining with an amylin receptor 1 (AMY1), a G protein-coupled receptor complex, on the surface of the target cell. Other ligands that have been shown to initiate the AMY1 signaling pathway include the calcitonin related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (AM/ADM).
A G protein-coupled receptor complex that serves as a receptor for amylin polypeptide (AMY) and consists of a calcitonin receptor (CTR/CALCR) and a receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 1. Amylin receptor complex 1 (AMY1) also serves as a receptor for the calcitonin related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (AM/ADM).
A G protein-coupled receptor complex that serves as a receptor for amylin polypeptide (AMY) and consists of a calcitonin receptor (CTR/CALCR) and a receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 2. Amylin receptor complex 2 (AMY2) also serves as a receptor for adrenomedullin (AM/ADM).
obsolete molting cycle, protein-based cuticle
OBSOLETE. The periodic shedding of part or all of a protein-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new protein-based cuticle. A cuticle is the outer layer of an animal which acts to prevent water loss.
Synaptic pruning mediated by complement system signalling.
The first process of molting, characterized by the detachment of the old cuticle from the underlying epidermal cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visual system over time, from its formation to the mature structure, including the eye, parts of the central nervous system (CNS) involved in processing of visual inputs, and connecting nerve pathways.
The shedding of the old chitin-based cuticlar fragments during the molting cycle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular amylin, or another ligand, combining with an amylin receptor 2 (AMY2), a G protein-coupled receptor complex, on the surface of the target cell. The AMY2 signaling pathway can also be initiated by adrenomedullin (AM/ADM).
A reproductive behavior that results in the deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water.
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular amylin, or another ligand, combining with an amylin receptor 3 (AMY3), a G protein-coupled receptor complex, on the surface of the target cell. The AMY3 signaling pathway can also be initiated by the amyloid-beta complex. AMY3 signaling results in increased import of calcium ions into the cytosol across plasma membrane, increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Act, and a PKA regulatory subunit II, as well as increased expression of cFos.
The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in an organism's germ line.
negative regulation of deacetylase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of deacetylase activity.
The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in an organism's soma.
regulation of tubulin deacetylase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylase activity.
Early postnatal vertebrate developmental process, during which axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), transmitting overlapping inputs from both eyes, segregate into distinct eye-specific non-overlapping regions in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the thalamus.
Any cellular component of a host cell. The host is an organism in which another organism, for instance a parasite or symbiont, spends part or all of its life cycle and from which it obtains nourishment and/or protection.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deacetylase activity.
molting cycle, collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle
The periodic shedding of part or all of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle. An example of this is found in the Nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans.
collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle molting cycle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.
negative regulation of arginase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.
positive regulation of tubulin deacetylase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylase activity.
negative regulation of tubulin deacetylase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylase activity.
positive regulation of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity.
Binding to a guanyl nucleotide, consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
negative regulation of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity.
Binding to GMP, guanosine monophosphate.
positive regulation of arginase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.
Binding to GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.
regulation of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity.
positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
SCF complex substrate recognition subunit
negative regulation of neuroinflammatory response
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.
The immediate defensive reaction by neural vertebrate tissue to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents.
regulation of neuroinflammatory response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.
A protein complex that possesses molybdopterin synthase activity. In E. coli, the complex is a heterotetramer consisting of two MoaD and two MoaE subunits.
farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: farnesoic acid + S-adenosyl-methionine = methyl farnesoate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
S-adenosyl-methionine:farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase activity
obsolete DNA replication accessory factor
A single axon terminal bouton making contact onto two or more dendritic spines protruding either from a single dendrite or from multiple dendrites.
The complete protein-nucleic acid complex that is the packaged form of the genome in a virus particle.
multiple synapse bouton, contacting single dendrite
A single axon terminal bouton making contact onto two or more dendritic spines protruding from the same dendrite.
OBSOLETE. The whole of the genetic information of a virus, contained as either DNA or RNA.
OBSOLETE. A viral genome that consists of one continuous nucleic acid molecule.
multiple spine synapse organization, single dendrite
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and a single dendrite.
OBSOLETE. A viral genome that is divided into two or more physically separate molecules of nucleic acid and packaged into a single virion.
multiple spine synapse organization, multiple dendrites
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and two or more dendritic spines protruding either from a single dendrite or from multiple dendrites.
OBSOLETE. A segmented viral genome consisting of two sub-genomic nucleic acids but each nucleic acid is packaged into a different virion.
multiple synapse bouton, contacting multiple dendrites
A single axon terminal bouton making contact onto two or more dendritic spines protruding from multiple dendrites.
OBSOLETE. A segmented viral genome consisting of three sub-genomic nucleic acids but each nucleic acid is packaged into a different virion.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and one or more dendritic spines.
OBSOLETE. A segmented viral genome consisting of more than three sub-genomic nucleic acids but each nucleic acid is packaged into a different virion.
amyloid-beta clearance by cellular catabolic process
The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by cell surface receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by intracellular degradation.
OBSOLETE. A viral genome composed of deoxyribonucleic acid.
OBSOLETE. A viral genome composed of ribonucleic acid. This results in genome replication and expression of genetic information being inextricably linked.
A process that modulates synaptic scaling. Synaptic scaling is a form of synaptic plasticity, which entails uniform adjustments in the strength of all synapses on a cell in response to prolonged changes in the electrical activity of the cell.
regulation of homeostatic synaptic scaling
OBSOLETE. A viral genome composed of double stranded RNA.
The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by cell surface receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier.
OBSOLETE. A viral genome composed of single stranded RNA of either positive or negative sense.
Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a glial cell to a neuron. This signaling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules, depending on which glial cells release them, and in which tissues the signalling occurs, e.g. microglial cell-derived nerve growth factor (NGF) in the retina, or microglial cell-derived superoxide ions in the cerebellum.
OBSOLETE. A single stranded RNA genome with the same nucleotide polarity as mRNA.
Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a neuron to a glial cell. This signalling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules released by different types of neurons, e.g. glutamate, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline, acetylcholine, dopamine and adenosine.
OBSOLETE. A single stranded RNA genome with the opposite nucleotide polarity as mRNA.
OBSOLETE. A RNA genome that contains coding regions that are either positive sense or negative sense on the same RNA molecule.
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles. It comprises numerous regularly arranged subunits, or capsomeres.
negative regulation of monocyte activation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte activation.
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles; the subunits are arranged to form a protein helix with the genetic material contained within. Tobacco mosaic virus has such a capsid structure.
A neuroinflammatory response, occurring over several days, during which glial cells undergo nonspecific reactive changes in response to damage to the central nervous system (CNS); typically involves the proliferation or hypertrophy of different types of glial cells.
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles; the subunits are arranged to form an icosahedron, a solid with 20 faces and 12 vertices. Icosahedral capsids have 12 pentamers plus 10(T-1) hexamers, where T is the triangulation number. Tobacco satellite necrosis virus has such a capsid structure.
The lipid bilayer of a virion that surrounds the protein capsid. May also contain glycoproteins.
regulation of microtubule anchoring at centrosome
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule anchoring at centrosome.
regulation of protein localization to cell-cell junction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell junction.
A structure lying between the capsid and envelope of a virus, varying in thickness and often distributed asymmetrically.
positive regulation of protein localization to cell-cell junction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell junction.
Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in replicating the viral genome.
The directed movement of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) through the blood-brain barrier.
A nucleoprotein complex containing viral genetic material and the viral integrase, required for genome integration into the host's genome. May contain other proteins.
protein localization to cell-cell junction
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained, in a location within a cell-cell junction.
Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in transcribing the viral genome.
obsolete negative regulation of cholesterol esterification
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol esterification.
OBSOLETE. Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in assembling new virions.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transepithelial transport.
OBSOLETE. The name given to a viral genome after it has been integrated into the host genome; particularly applies to retroviruses and is a required part of the retroviral replication cycle.
obsolete viral-cell fusion molecule activity
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-substrate junction. A cell-substrate junction is a specialized region of connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
The process by which, after initial infection, a virus lies dormant within a cell and viral production ceases. The process ends when the virus switches from latency and starts to replicate.
A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host, either as an integrated provirus within the host genome or as an episome, where viral genome remains in the cytoplasm or nucleus as distinct objects.
The perpetuation of a latent state, generally by repressing the viruses own lytic genes expression and ensuring expression of viral genes which function to keep the viral genome from being detected by the host defense mechanisms.
negative regulation of cell-substrate junction organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate junction organization.
Any process required for latent viral replication in a cell.
negative regulation of protein localization to cell-cell junction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell junction.
negative regulation of protein localisation to cell-cell junction
The process by which a virus begins to replicate following a latency replication decision (switch).
regulation of cell-substrate junction organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate junction organization.
positive regulation of cell-substrate junction organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate junction organization.
The process in which a virus effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism.
modulation by virus of host anatomical structure or process
modulation by virus of host anatomy or process
modulation by virus of host morphology or physiology
mitigation of host antiviral defense response
A process by which a virus avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defenses. Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the virus or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
regulation by virus of antiviral response
regulation of defense response to virus by virus
suppression by virus of host apoptotic process
Any viral process that inhibits apoptosis of infected host cells, facilitating prolonged cell survival during viral replication.
negative regulation by virus of host apoptosis
negative regulation of apoptosis by virus
suppression by virus of host cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
suppression of apoptosis in host by virus
induction by virus of host apoptotic process
Any viral process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
activation by virus of host apoptotic programmed cell death
activation of apoptosis in host by virus
induction by virus of host apoptotic programmed cell death
induction by virus of host caspase activity
induction by virus of host cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
positive regulation of apoptosis by virus
positive regulation of apoptotic process by virus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-33 production.
regulation of interleukin-33 biosynthetic process
modulation by virus of host cellular process
The process in which a virus effects a change in the processes and activities of its host organism.
modification by virus of host cellular process
modulation of cellular process in host by virus
regulation by virus of host cellular process
regulation of cellular process in host by virus
regulation of host cellular process by virus
modification by virus of host cell cycle regulation
Interactions, directly with the host cell macromolecular machinery, to allow a virus to modulate the rate of the host cell cycle to facilitate virus replication.
viral perturbation of cell cycle regulation
modulation by virus of host transcription
Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its host's transcription.
modification by virus of host transcription
viral perturbation of host cell transcription
Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation of host mRNA.
modification by virus of host cell mRNA translation
regulation of host mRNA translation by virus
regulation of translation in host by virus
viral perturbation of host cell mRNA translation
A set of processes which all viruses follow to ensure survival; includes attachment and entry of the virus particle, decoding of genome information, translation of viral mRNA by host ribosomes, genome replication, and assembly and release of viral particles containing the genome.
viral assembly, maturation, egress, and release
negative regulation of interleukin-33 production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-33 production.
negative regulation of interleukin-33 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-33 secretion
OBSOLETE. The set of processes involved in the start of virus infection of cells.
positive regulation of interleukin-33 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-33 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-33 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-33 secretion
intracellular transport of viral protein in host cell
The directed movement of a viral protein within the host cell.
intracellular transport of viral capsid in host cell
intracellular transport of viral capsid protein in host cell
intracellular transport of viral proteins in host cell
viral capsid transport in host cell cytoplasm
viral capsid transport in host cell nucleus
The process by which an incoming virus is disassembled in the host cell to release a replication-competent viral genome.
The process by which a virion protein binds to molecules on the host cellular surface or host cell surface projection.
virion attachment to host cell surface receptor
fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane
Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell membrane during viral entry. Results in release of the virion contents into the cytoplasm.
viral entry into host cell via membrane fusion with the plasma membrane
viral envelope fusion with host cell membrane
viral envelope fusion with host membrane
viral envelope fusion with host plasma membrane
negative regulation of interleukin-37 production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-37 production.
negative regulation of interleukin-37 biosynthetic process
receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell
Any receptor-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell; successive instances of virus endocytosis result in the accumulation of virus particles within the cell.
receptor mediated endocytosis by host of virus particle
receptor mediated endocytosis of virus by host
receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host
receptor mediated endocytosis of virus particle by host
viral entry into host cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis
virus receptor-mediated endocytosis by host
positive regulation of interleukin-37 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-37 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-37 biosynthetic process
obsolete translocation of virus into host cell
OBSOLETE. The translocation of an entire virus particle across the host cell plasma membrane.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-37 production.
regulation of interleukin-37 biosynthetic process
The appearance of interleukin-37 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
A late phase of the viral life cycle during which all the components necessary for the formation of a mature virion collect at a particular site in the cell and the basic structure of the virus particle is formed.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD86 biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of CD86 biosynthetic process
The assembly of a virus capsid from its protein subunits.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD80 biosynthetic process.
The processes involved in creating a mature, stable viral genome. Begins after genome replication with a newly synthesized nucleic acid and ends when the genome is ready to be packaged. Includes the addition of proteins to the newly synthesized genome, and DNA repair processes.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD86 biosynthetic process.
viral DNA cleavage involved in viral genome maturation
The cleavage of viral DNA into singular functional units.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD86 biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of CD86 biosynthetic process
The encapsulation of the viral genome within the capsid.
The disaggregation of a cell junction into its constituent components.
The disaggregation of a cell-cell junction into its constituent components.
The packaging of viral RNA (single-stranded or double-stranded) into a nucleocapsid.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD80 biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of CD80 biosynthetic process
The refolding and structural rearrangements of virion parts to transition from the intermediate virion to the more mature virion. Maturation usually involves proteolysis events and changes in the folding of the virion proteins. Can occur inside the host cell or after release.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD80 biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of CD80 biosynthetic process
The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell, e.g. by cell lysis or the budding of virus particles from the cell membrane.
regulation of interleukin-17A production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17A production.
regulation of interleukin-17A biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. A form of viral release in which the viral particles bud out through cellular membranes, resulting in cell lysis. It is also a form of viral envelopment.
Any process involved directly in viral genome replication, including viral nucleotide metabolism.
A process by which a viral gene is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes viral transcription, processing to produce a mature RNA product, and viral translation.
A process by which viral mRNA is translated into viral protein, using the host cellular machinery.
The appearance of interleukin-34 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a viral protein.
negative regulation of interleukin-17A production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17A production.
negative regulation of interleukin-17A biosynthetic process
The process by which a viral genome, or part of a viral genome, is transcribed within the host cell.
positive regulation of interleukin-17A production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17A production.
positive regulation of interleukin-17A biosynthetic process
The viral transcription that takes place after early transcription in the viral life cycle, and which involves the transcription of genes required for replication.
(delayed) early viral mRNA transcription
positive regulation of interleukin-34 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-34 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-34 biosynthetic process
The first phase of viral transcription that occurs after entry of the virus into the host cell, but prior to viral genome replication. It involves the transcription of genes for non-structural proteins, and for lytic viruses, the early gene products are involved in establishing control over the host cell.
immediate early viral mRNA transcription
negative regulation of interleukin-34 production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-34 production.
negative regulation of interleukin-34 biosynthetic process
The transcription of the final group of viral genes of the viral life cycle, following middle transcription, or where middle transcription doesn't occur, following early transcription. Involves the transcription of genes encoding structural proteins.
A virus-induced cellular transformation resulting in immortalized cells, or cells capable of indefinite replication.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-34 production.
regulation of interleukin-34 biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The transfer of virions in order to create new infection.
obsolete miRNA-mediated activation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
OBSOLETE. Any process mediated by a microRNA (miRNA) that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
mitochondrial rRNA export from mitochondrion
The process in which a rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid, is transported from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol.
mitochondrial rRNA, mitochondrial export
mitochondrial rRNA export from mitochondria
mitochondrial rRNA export out of mitochondrion
mitochondrial rRNA transport from mitochondrion
mitochondrial lrRNA export from mitochondrion
The process in which a lrRNA, large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid, is transported from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol.
mitochondrial lrRNA, mitochondrial export
mitochondrial lrRNA export from mitochondria
mitochondrial lrRNA export out of mitochondrion
mitochondrial lrRNA transport from mitochondrion
mitochondrial srRNA export from mitochondrion
The process in which a srRNA, small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid, is transported from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol.
mitochondrial srRNA, mitochondrial export
mitochondrial srRNA export from mitochondria
mitochondrial srRNA export out of mitochondrion
mitochondrial srRNA transport from mitochondrion
obsolete regulation of histone H3-K4 acetylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K4 acetylation.
Any process in which mitochondrial RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of mitochondrial RNA localization
obsolete positive regulation of histone H3-K4 acetylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K4 acetylation.
Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
establishment and maintenance of mRNA localization in pole plasm
establishment and maintenance of pole plasm mRNA localization
obsolete miRNA-mediated regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
OBSOLETE. Any process mediated by a microRNA (miRNA) that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
pole plasm mitochondrial rRNA localization
Any process in which mitochondrial ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
establishment and maintenance of mitochondrial rRNA localization in pole plasm
oocyte pole plasm mitochondrial rRNA localization
pole plasm mitochondrial rRNA localisation
obsolete miRNA-mediated inhibition of transcription by RNA polymerase II
OBSOLETE. Any process mediated by a microRNA (miRNA) that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
pole plasm mitochondrial lrRNA localization
Any process in which mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
establishment and maintenance of mitochondrial lrRNA localization in pole plasm
oocyte pole plasm mitochondrial lrRNA localization
pole plasm mitochondrial lrRNA localisation
pole plasm mitochondrial srRNA localization
Any process in which mitochondrial small ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
establishment and maintenance of mitochondrial localization in pole plasm
oocyte pole plasm mitochondrial srRNA localization
pole plasm mitochondrial srRNA localisation
The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction.
multicellular organism reproductive behavior
reproductive behavior in a multicellular organism
obsolete negative regulation of histone H3-K4 acetylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K4 acetylation.
The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a female organism's germ line.
sex determination, female germ-line determination
The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a male organism's germ line.
negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process.
The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a female organism's soma.
regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process.
The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a male organism's soma.
regulation of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process.
Binding to a pyrimidine nucleotide, a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
positive regulation of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process.
Catalysis of the removal of damaged bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site.
regulation of phosphatidylserine metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine metabolic process.
obsolete N-palmitoyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.
positive regulation of phosphatidylserine metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine metabolic process.
positive regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process.
Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl (CH3-[CH2]12-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.
negative regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process.
aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an aromatic acid + NADH + H+.
aryl-aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of phosphatidylserine metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine metabolic process.
Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + phenanthrylsulfate.
phenanthrol glycosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrol + glucose = phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O.
Catalysis of a monooxygenase reaction in which oxygen is incorporated into limonene.
Catalysis of the reaction: catechol + O2 = a muconate.
benzaldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = benzoate + NAD(P)H + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + hydrogen peroxide.
negative regulation of interleukin-32 production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-32 production.
negative regulation of interleukin-32 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-32 secretion
Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroxyfluorene + O2 = the corresponding 2-hydroxy-4-(oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-ylidene) but-2-enoic acid.
positive regulation of interleukin-32 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-32 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-32 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-32 secretion
Catalysis of the reaction: a phenanthrene dioxide + H2O = a dihydrodiolphenanthrene.
phenanthrene-9,10-epoxide hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-9,10-oxide + H2O = trans-9,10-dihydrodiolphenanthrene.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-32 production.
regulation of interleukin-32 biosynthetic process
hydrolase activity, acting on acid halide bonds, in C-halide compounds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid halide bond in substances containing halogen atoms in organic linkage.
peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via N6-mureinyl-L-lysine
The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via the epsilon amino group of lysine to the diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.
transport across blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
The directed movement of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.
transport across blood/cerebrospinal fluid barrier
The formation of peptidyl-D-alanine, by either racemization or from peptidyl-L-serine.
The racemization of peptidyl-methionine.
The racemization of peptidyl-isoleucine.
The racemization of peptidyl-phenylalanine.
The racemization of peptidyl-tryptophan.
negative regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier.
regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transport across the blood-brain barrier.
obsolete tripeptidyl-peptidase I activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal tripeptide from a polypeptide; requires acid pH.
positive regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier.
obsolete C-terminal processing peptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of peptides after specific recognition of a C-terminal tripeptide, Xaa-Yaa-Zaa, in which Xaa is preferably Ala or Leu, Yaa is preferably Ala or Tyr, and Zaa is preferably Ala. Cleavage is at a variable distance from the C-terminus; a typical cleavage is -Ala-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Lys-Glu-Asn-Tyr-Ala-Leu-Ala-Ala.
Catalysis of the reaction: choline + 2 reduced ferredoxin + O2 + 2 H+ = betaine aldehyde hydrate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2O.
choline,reduced-ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + CoA + H+.
acetyl-CoA:alpha-D-glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(4-aminobutyl)-L-lysine + donor-H2 + O2 = protein N6-((R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine + acceptor + H2O.
deoxyhypusine,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2'-deoxynucleoside = ADP + 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate.
ATP:deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphotransferase activity
D. melanogaster deoxynucleoside kinase activity
multifunctional deoxynucleoside kinase activity
multispecific deoxynucleoside kinase activity
multisubstrate deoxyribonucleoside kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a thioglucoside + H2O = a thiol + a sugar.
Catalysis of the reaction: N6-dimethylallyladenine + acceptor + H2O = adenine + 3-methylbut-2-enal + reduced electron acceptor.
6-N-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
N6-dimethylallyladenine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
N6-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myo-inositol = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate.
ATP:myo-inositol 1-phosphotransferase activity
2-dehydropantolactone reductase (B-specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NADP+.
(R)-pantolactone:NADP+ oxidoreductase (B-specific)
2-dehydropantoyl-lactone reductase (B-specific) activity
2-ketopantoyl lactone reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + H2O + propanoyl-CoA = 2-hydroxyglutarate + CoA + H+.
2-hydroxyglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (CoA-propanoylating) activity
alpha-hydroxyglutarate synthase activity
propanoyl-CoA:glyoxylate C-propanoyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, 2-carboxyethyl-forming)
3-deoxy-manno-octulosonate-8-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 8-phospho-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate + H2O = 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate + phosphate.
3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate-8-phosphate 8-phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-sugar + H2O = AMP + sugar 1-phosphate.
adenosine diphosphosugar pyrophosphatase activity
ADP-sugar sugarphosphohydrolase activity
nucleoside diphosphate-sugar hydrolase activity
aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanal + NAD+ + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+.
4-aminobutanal:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
4-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity
gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydroganase activity
arabinose-5-phosphate isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + 2 H+.
D-arabinose-5-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
D-arabinose-5-phosphate ketol-isomerase activity
(R)-aminopropanol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + NAD+ = aminoacetone + H+ + NADH.
(R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
1-aminopropan-2-ol-dehydrogenase activity
1-aminopropan-2-ol-NAD+ dehydrogenase activity
DL-1-aminopropan-2-ol: NAD+ dehydrogenase activity
L(+)-1-aminopropan-2-ol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
L(+)-1-aminopropan-2-ol-NAD/NADP oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-cysteine + H2O = sulfide + NH3 + pyruvate.
D-cysteine sulfide-lyase (deaminating; pyruvate-forming)
3-chloro-D-alanine dehydrochlorinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chloro-D-alanine + H2O = pyruvate + chloride + NH3.
3-chloro-D-alanine chloride-lyase (deaminating; pyruvate-forming)
3-chloro-D-alanine chloride-lyase (deaminating)
beta-chloro-D-alanine dehydrochlorinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-ribulose = ADP + D-ribulose 5-phosphate.
ATP:D-ribulose 5-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + NAD+ = D-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+.
D-galactose:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
NAD-dependent D-galactose dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetoin + NAD+ = diacetyl + NADH + H+.
protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = oxidized glutathione + protein-dithiol.
glutathione:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase activity
glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase activity
glutathione--insulin transhydrogenase activity
glutathione-protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity
protein-disulfide isomerase/oxidoreductase activity
protein disulfide reductase (glutathione)
protein disulfide transhydrogenase activity
protein-disulphide reductase (glutathione) activity
reductase, protein disulfide (glutathione)
thiol:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase activity
thiol-protein disulphide oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: A + glycolate = AH(2) + glyoxylate.
glycolate:(acceptor) 2-oxidoreductase activity
glycolate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase activity
3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate + NADP+ = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+.
(S)-3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
imidazol-5-yl lactate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen, amylopectin and their beta-limits dextrins.
glycogen alpha-1,6-glucanohydrolase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + O2 = H2O2 + oxaloacetate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-mannose = ADP + D-mannose 6-phosphate.
ATP:D-mannose 6-phosphotransferase activity
nicotinamide-nucleotide amidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide + H2O = beta-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide + NH3.
nicotinamide-D-ribonucleotide amidohydrolase activity
nicotinamide mononucleotide amidohydrolase activity
nicotinamide mononucleotide deamidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + nicotinamide mononucleotide = D-ribose 5-phosphate + H+ + nicotinamide.
nicotinamide mononucleotide nucleosidase activity
nicotinamide-nucleotide phosphoribohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha,omega-diamine + 2-oxoglutarate = an omega-aminoaldehyde + L-glutamate.
diamine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
diamine-ketoglutaric transaminase activity
pyridoxamine-oxaloacetate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: oxaloacetate + pyridoxamine = L-aspartate + pyridoxal.
pyridoxamine:oxaloacetate aminotransferase activity
pyridoxamine-oxaloacetate aminotransferase activity
pyridoxamine--oxaloacetate aminotransferase activity
pyridoxamine-phosphate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + 2-oxoglutarate = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + D-glutamate.
pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (D-glutamate-forming)
pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity
pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate transaminase activity
pyridoxamine phosphate aminotransferase activity
pyridoxamine-phosphate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+.
pyruvate:ferredoxin 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-acetylating)
pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
pyruvic-ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine = ADP + 2 H+ + thiamine phosphate.
ATP:thiamine phosphotransferase activity
trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.
acyl-CoA:NADP+ trans-2-oxidoreductase activity
NADPH-dependent trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenylphenol + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2-octaprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol + NADP+ + H2O.
methylglyoxal reductase (NADH-dependent) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactaldehyde + NAD+ = methylglyoxal + NADH + H+.
(R)-lactaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
(3R)-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a (3R)-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] = a (2E)-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H2O.
(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase activity
3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: methylglyoxal + H2O = D-lactate.
glutathione-independent glyoxalase activity
tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide + reduced acceptor = tetrahydrothiophene + acceptor.
dihydroneopterin monophosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroneopterin monophosphate = dihydroneopterin + phosphate.
dihydroneopterin monophosphate dephosphorylase activity
dihydroneopterin triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroneopterin triphosphate = dihydroneopterin phosphate + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NADP+ = NAD+ + phosphate.
dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose + 2-oxoglutarate = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + L-glutamate.
dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose aminotransferase activity
TDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose transaminase activity
TDP-4-oxo-6-deoxy-D-glucose transaminase activity
thymidine diphospho-4-amino-4,6-dideoxyglucose aminotransferase activity
thymidine diphospho-4-amino-6-deoxyglucose aminotransferase activity
thymidine diphospho-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose-glutamic transaminase activity
thymidine diphospho-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose transaminase activity
dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxygalactose transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose = L-glutamate + dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-galactose.
dTDP-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxygalactose aminotransferase activity
dTDP-fucosamine aminotransferase activity
thymidine diphosphate 4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose transaminase activity
thymidine diphosphoaminodideoxygalactose aminotransferase activity
halohydrin hydrogen-halide-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a halohydrin = an epoxide + a hydrogen halide.
histamine-gated chloride channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when histamine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
histamine-gated chloride channel complex
A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which chloride ions may pass in response to histamine binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process
The biosynthetic process in which peptide bond formation occurs in the absence of the translational machinery. Examples include the synthesis of antibiotic peptides, and glutathione.
non-ribosomal peptide biosynthetic process
A protein complex that recognizes the proximal sequence element of RNA polymerase II and III snRNA promoters.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from acyl-CoA to a nitrogen atom on an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming a beta-(1->4) linkage.
cellobiose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of cellobiose from one side of a membrane to the other. Cellobiose, or 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose, is a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.
sorbose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of sorbose from one side of a membrane to the other. Sorbose is the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose; L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.
galactosamine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of galactosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Galactosamine is an aminodeoxysugar; D-galactosamine is a constituent of some glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans, commonly as its N-acetyl derivative.
phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase complex
Includes phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphatase (enzyme I of the phosphotransferase system) and protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase (enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system).
transmembrane receptor protein phosphatase activity
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: a phosphoprotein + H2O = a protein + phosphate.
transmembrane receptor protein kinase activity
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a carbohydrate substrate molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an amino acid substrate.
Catalysis of the reaction: carbohydrate phosphate + H2O = carbohydrate + phosphate.
obsolete nucleotide phosphatase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: phosphopolynucleotide + H2O = polynucleotide + phosphate.
nucleobase-containing compound kinase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP or GTP, to a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or polynucleotide substrate.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside = ADP + nucleoside monophosphate.
Modulates the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
Binds to and modulates the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule.
Binds to and increases the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a kinase.
Binds to and increases the activity of a phosphatase.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phosphatase.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from a substrate molecule.
OBSOLETE. The action of reducing the surface tension of a liquid.
Binding to an intermediate filament, a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of higher eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.
regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process
Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
regulation of phosphate metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates.
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process
regulation of organismal metabolic process
The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission.
The propagation of an action potential along an axon, away from the soma.
An action potential that occurs in a neuron.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels.
The series of events by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, sensory nerve terminals found in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules, which give information concerning movements and position of the body. The receptors in the labyrinth are sometimes also considered proprioceptors.
The perception of the orientation of different parts of the body with respect to one another.
The series of events by which an organism senses the speed and direction of movement of the body and its parts.
The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process.
The series of events required for an organism to receive a fast pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Fast pain is often subjectively described as a sharp or stabbing pain; in humans, the signals from a fast pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along myelinated A-delta fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 0.1 seconds.
The series of events required for an organism to receive a slow pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Slow pain is often subjectively described as an aching or throbbing pain; in humans, the signals from a slow pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along unmyelinated C fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 1 second. Slow pain is often associated with tissue destruction.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus.
Binding to a centromere, a region of chromosome where the spindle fibers attach during mitosis and meiosis.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a cyclic amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2, in a reaction that involves the opening of a ring.
Catalysis of the removal of an amino group from a substrate, producing a substituted or nonsubstituted ammonia (NH3/NH2R).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid.
methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into D-lactate via the intermediate S-lactoyl-glutathione. Glutathione is used in the first step of the pathway and then regenerated in the second step.
D-lactate biosynthesis from methylglyoxal
D-lactate biosynthetic process from methylglyoxal
methylglyoxal catabolism to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione
lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate.
D(-)-lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D(-)-lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate.
L(+)-lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L(+)-lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate.
S-lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate
Partial conversion of one lactate enantiomer into another so that the specific optical rotation is decreased, or even reduced to zero, in the resulting mixture.
D-lactate biosynthetic process from methylglyoxal via (R)-lactaldehyde
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-lactate from methylglyoxal, via the intermediate (R)-lactaldehyde.
D-lactate anabolism from methylglyoxal via (R)-lactaldehyde
D-lactate formation from methylglyoxal via (R)-lactaldehyde
D-lactate synthesis from methylglyoxal via (R)-lactaldehyde
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate, the anion of lactic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the presence of oxygen.
aerobic vitamin B12 biosynthetic process
vitamin B12 biosynthetic process, aerobic
anaerobic cobalamin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the absence of oxygen.
anaerobic vitamin B12 biosynthetic process
cobalamin biosynthetic process, anaerobic
vitamin B12 biosynthetic process, anaerobic
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants.
The fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) as glucose in the chloroplasts of C3 plants; uses ATP and NADPH formed in the light reactions of photosynthesis; carbon dioxide reacts with ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (catalyzed by the function of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase) to yield two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate; these are then phosphorylated by ATP to 1,3-bisphosphateglyceraldehyde which, in turn, is then reduced by NADPH to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to fructose 5-phosphate and ribulose 5-phosphate by aldolase and other enzymes; the ribulose 5-phosphate is phosphorylated by ATP to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine, where metabolism is linked to CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 1-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-1.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acrylonitrile, a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor. Acrylonitrile is used in the production of acrylic fibers, plastics, and synthetic rubbers.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene. It is a light yellow liquid with a weak aromatic odor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzene or paramoth), a derivative of benzene with two chlorine atoms attached at opposite positions on the ring.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists.
glycine biosynthetic process from serine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine from other compounds, including serine.
glycine biosynthetic process, by transamination of glyoxylate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine by the transamination of glyoxylate.
glycine anabolism, by transamination of glyoxylate
glycine formation, by transamination of glyoxylate
glycine synthesis, by transamination of glyoxylate
asparagine biosynthetic process from oxaloacetate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including oxaloacetate.
asparagine biosynthetic process from cysteine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including cysteine.
obsolete glutamate biosynthetic process, using glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, catalyzed by the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+).
obsolete glutamate biosynthetic process, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, catalyzed by the enzyme glutamate synthase (NADPH).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aerobactin (C22H36N4O13), a hydroxamate iron transport compound. It is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid.
The directed movement of the hydroxamate iron transport compound aerobactin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Aerobactin (C22H36N4O13) is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid.
L-alanine biosynthetic process from pyruvate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine from other compounds, including pyruvate.
L-alanine biosynthetic process via ornithine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-alanine, via the intermediate ornithine.
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
L-methionine biosynthetic process from L-homoserine via cystathionine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including L-homoserine, via the intermediate cystathionine.
L-methionine anabolism from L-homoserine via cystathionine
L-methionine formation from L-homoserine via cystathionine
L-methionine synthesis from L-homoserine via cystathionine
methionine biosynthetic process from L-homoserine via cystathionine
L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine.
L-methionine anabolism from homoserine via O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
L-methionine formation from homoserine via O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
L-methionine synthesis from homoserine via O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine.
L-methionine anabolism from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
L-methionine formation from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
L-methionine synthesis from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
L-methionine biosynthetic process from O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine.
L-methionine anabolism from O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
L-methionine formation from O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
L-methionine synthesis from O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
methionine biosynthetic process from O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
L-methionine salvage from S-adenosylmethionine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from S-adenosylmethionine.
L-methionine formation from S-adenosylmethionine
L-methionine synthesis from S-adenosylmethionine
glycine betaine biosynthetic process from choline
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of betaine (N-trimethylglycine) from the oxidation of choline.
N-trimethylglycine biosynthesis from choline
N-trimethylglycine biosynthetic process from choline
glycine betaine biosynthetic process from glycine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine betaine from other compounds, including glycine.
N-trimethylglycine biosynthesis from glycine
N-trimethylglycine biosynthetic process from glycine
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, via the intermediate mevalonate. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis, through a series of mevalonate intermediates.
isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate pathway
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process via mevalonate
isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway
isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate pathway
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate-independent pathway. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis and is biosynthesized from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates, including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate-independent pathway
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis, mevalonate-independent
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, MEP pathway
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, non-mevalonate pathway
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate-independent pathway
isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate-independent pathway
mevalonate-independent isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis
mevalonate-independent isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhizobactin 1021, (E)-4-((3-(acetylhydroxyamino)propyl)-amino)-2-hydroxy-(2-(2-(3-(hydroxy(1-oxo-2-decenyl)amino)propyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid, a siderophore produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti.
rhizobactin 1021 biosynthetic process, peptide formation
rhizobactin 1021 biosynthetic process, peptide modification
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.
siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide formation
siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide modification
tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate.
tyrosine anabolism from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate
tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate
tyrosine formation from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate
tyrosine synthesis from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate
tyrosine biosynthetic process, by oxidation of phenylalanine
The conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.
tyrosine anabolism, by oxidation of phenylalanine
tyrosine formation, by oxidation of phenylalanine
tyrosine synthesis, by oxidation of phenylalanine
keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, an acidic sugar present in lipopolysaccharides of the outer membranes of some Gram-negative bacteria.
keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid anabolism
keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthesis
keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid formation
keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme M (2-thioethansulfonate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme M (2-thioethansulfonate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme B (7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme B (7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-ribose, (ribo-pentose).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-ribose (ribo-pentose).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose, that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-D-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose (6-deoxygalactose).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-lyxose, the L-enantiomer of aldopentose lyxo-pentose, the C-2 epimer of xylose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lead sulfide to lead sulfate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, in the absence of oxygen.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which ammonia or ammonium is converted to molecular nitrogen or another nitrogen compound, with accompanying loss of electrons.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldoximes, compounds derived by the reaction of an aldose with hydroxylamine, thus containing the aldoxime group -HC=NOH.
anaerobic respiration, using ammonium as electron donor
The oxidation of ammonium (NH4) to nitrogen (N2) in the absence of oxygen, using nitrite (NO2) as the electron acceptor. It is suggested that hydroxylamine and ammonium are combined to yield hydrazine, which is subsequently oxidized to N2.
aerobic respiration, using nitrite as electron donor
The oxidation of nitrite (NO2) to nitrate (NO3), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Nitrite oxidation is the final step in nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, and nitrite oxidoreductase (NOR) is the key enzyme complex that catalyzes the conversion of nitrite to nitrate in nitrite oxidizing species.
The reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen by four reactions; each intermediate is transformed to the next lower oxidation state; also part of cellular bioenergetics; the nitrogen compounds can serve as terminal acceptors for electron transport phosphorylation in place of oxygen.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cymene, 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene, one of the alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons found in volatile oils from over 100 plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring.
phenol-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetrachloroethylene, a derivative of ethene with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentachlorophenol, a chlorinated insecticide and fungicide used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and wood boring insects. Pentachlorophenol is significantly toxic to mammals, plants, and many microorganisms.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate compound. Degradation of parathion by sunlight or liver enzymes can result in the formation of the active compound paraoxon which interferes with the nervous system through cholinesterase inhibition.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzofuran, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one ether bond and one carbon-carbon bond.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine) in two steps from glutathione and spermidine via an N1- or N8-glutathionylspermidine intermediate. Trypanothione appears to be an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation. It also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress.
cysteine biosynthetic process via cystathionine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate cystathionine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.
cysteine biosynthetic process via S-sulfo-L-cysteine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate S-sulfo-L-cysteine.
cysteine anabolism via S-sulfo-L-cysteine
cysteine biosynthesis via S-sulpho-L-cysteine
cysteine biosynthetic process via S-sulpho-L-cysteine
cysteine formation via S-sulfo-L-cysteine
cysteine synthesis via S-sulfo-L-cysteine
The interconversion of homocysteine and cysteine via cystathionine. In contrast with enteric bacteria and mammals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two transsulfuration pathways employing two separate sets of enzymes.
GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, a substance composed of mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol anabolism
GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol biosynthesis
GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol formation
GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose. It occurs free in some plants and is a component of riboflavin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of teichoic acid, any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dethiobiotin, a derivative of biotin in which the sulfur atom has been replaced by two hydrogen atoms.
protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process from glycine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX from other compounds, including glycine.
protoporphyrinogen IX anabolism from glycine
protoporphyrinogen IX formation from glycine
protoporphyrinogen IX synthesis from glycine
protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process from glutamate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX from other compounds, including glutamate.
protoporphyrinogen IX anabolism from glutamate
protoporphyrinogen IX formation from glutamate
protoporphyrinogen IX synthesis from glutamate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.
nicotinate nucleotide biosynthetic process from tryptophan
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinate nucleotide from other compounds, including tryptophan.
nicotinate nucleotide anabolism from tryptophan
nicotinate nucleotide formation from tryptophan
nicotinate nucleotide synthesis from tryptophan
nicotinate nucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinate (pyridine 3-carboxylic acid).
The generation of nicotinate nucleotide without de novo synthesis.
nicotinate nucleotide biosynthesis, salvage pathway
nicotinate nucleotide biosynthetic process, salvage pathway
nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinamide.
nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process from niacinamide
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotide from other compounds, including niacinamide.
nicotinamide nucleotide anabolism from niacinamide
nicotinamide nucleotide formation from niacinamide
nicotinamide nucleotide synthesis from niacinamide
2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A.
2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA anabolism
2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA biosynthesis
2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA formation
2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.
pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.
Any process that generates a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
fatty acid elongation, saturated fatty acid
Elongation of a saturated fatty acid chain.
fatty acid elongation, unsaturated fatty acid
Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which one or more C-C double bonds have been introduced.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid, and in which prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase) catalyzes the committed step in the conversion of arachidonic acid to the prostaglandin-endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which an unsaturated fatty acid (such as arachidonic acid or linolenic acid) is converted to other compounds, and in which the first step is hydroperoxide formation catalyzed by lipoxygenase.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide).
sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin)
The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction step is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) (EC:1.8.4.8).
sulphate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulphate reduction by a phosphoadenylyl-sulphate reductase (thioredoxin)
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations. It is also used as grain fumigant and a chemical intermediate in the production of refrigerants.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid.
The formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4, from other components, including acetate.
methane biosynthetic process from acetate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4, from other compounds, including carbon dioxide (CO2).
methane biosynthesis from carbon dioxide
methane biosynthetic process from carbon dioxide
The formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4, from other components, including methanol.
methane biosynthetic process from methanol
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucuronosides, any compound formed by combination in glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound with the anomeric carbon atom of a glucuronate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronosides, compound composed of a hydroxy compound linked to a glucuronate residue.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronosides, compound composed of a hydroxy compound linked to a glucuronate residue.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucarate, the dianion of glucaric acid, an aldaric acid derived from either glucose or gulose. There are two enantiomers L- and D-glucarate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid.
The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid).
gallate catabolic process via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, via the intermediate 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate.
gallate breakdown via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate
gallate degradation via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate
gallic acid catabolic process via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate
gallic acid catabolism via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate
gallate catabolic process via gallate dioxygenase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, where the first step is the conversion of gallate to (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate catalyzed by gallate dioxygenase.
gallate breakdown via 4-carboxy-2-hydroxhexa-2,3-dienedioate
gallate catabolic process via 4-carboxy-2-hydroxhexa-2,3-dienedioate
gallate degradation via 4-carboxy-2-hydroxhexa-2,3-dienedioate
gallic acid catabolic process via 4-carboxy-2-hydroxhexa-2,3-dienedioate
gallic acid catabolism via 4-carboxy-2-hydroxhexa-2,3-dienedioate
The cyclohexanol metabolic process in which cyclohexanol is converted to adipate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.
aerobic respiration, using ammonia as electron donor
The metabolic process in which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2) in the presence of oxygen; enzymatic reactions convert ammonia to hydrazine, and hydrazine to nitrite.
aerobic ammonia oxidation to nitrite via hydrazine
aerobic respiration, using carbon monoxide as electron donor
The metabolic process in which carbon monoxide (CO) is oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) to generate energy. Conservation of energy in this process likely uses sodium ion gradients for ATP synthesis and is coupled to quantitative sulfide methylation.
aerobic respiration, using ferrous ions as electron donor
The metabolic process in which ferrous ions (Fe2+) are oxidized to ferric ions (Fe3+) to generate energy, coupled to the reduction of carbon dioxide.
aerobic respiration, using hydrogen as electron donor
The oxidation of hydrogen (H2) to water (H2O), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. A hydrogenase enzyme binds H2 and the hydrogen atoms are passed through an electron transfer chain to O2 to form water.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
aerobic respiration, using sulfur or sulfate as electron donor
An aerobic respiration process in which a sulfur-containing molecule (hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, sulfite, thiosulfate, and various polythionates) is oxidized.
aerobic respiration, using sulphur or sulphate as electron donor
acetate biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate from other compounds, including carbon monoxide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of thiosulfate to tetrathionate, using cytochrome c as an electron acceptor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting the addition of oxygen to elemental sulfur.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of sulfide to elemental sulfur in a higher oxidation state, or to sulfite or sulfate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the reduction of sulfate to another sulfur-containing ion or compound such as hydrogen sulfide, adenosine-phosphosulfate (APS) or thiosulfate.
The reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide, which acts as a terminal electron acceptor. Sulfate is activated to adenosine-phosphosulfate (APS) which is then reduced to sulfite, which is in turn reduced to hydrogen sulfide.
The process in which sulfur compounds with an intermediate oxidation state serve as both electron donors and electron acceptors in an energy-generating redox process. The reaction takes place anaerobically, in light and in the absence of CO2.
A sulfur oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase, and requires the presence of ferric ion (Fe3+).
sulfide oxidation, using siroheme sulfite reductase
A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by siroheme sulfite reductase.
sulfide oxidation, using sirohaem sulfite reductase
sulfur oxidation, using sirohaem sulfite reductase
sulfur oxidation, using siroheme sulfite reductase
sulphide oxidation, using siroheme sulphite reductase
sulphur oxidation, using siroheme sulphite reductase
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the reduction of sulfate to thiosulfate via bisulfite.
acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate, either directly or via acetylphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fluorene, a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing a five-membered ring. It is a major component of fossil fuels and their derivatives and is also a by-product of coal-conversion and energy-related industries. It is commonly found in vehicle exhaust emissions, crude oils, motor oils, coal and oil combustion products, waste incineration, and industrial effluents.
Any process, acting at the cellular level, involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
cellular detoxification of superoxide radicals
acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from ethanol
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from ethanol via acetaldehyde.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
sophorosyloxydocosanoate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate, an aromatic hydrocarbon.
sophorosyloxydocosanoate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate.
sophorosyloxydocosanoate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring.
aromatic hydrocarbon biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring.
tryptophan catabolic process to indole-3-acetate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including indole-3-acetate.
tryptophan breakdown to indole-3-acetate
tryptophan catabolic process to indoleacetic acid
tryptophan catabolism to indoleacetic acid
tryptophan degradation to indole-3-acetate
tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including kynurenine.
tryptophan catabolic process to acetyl-CoA
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA.
obsolete tryptophan catabolic process, using tryptophanase
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan, catalyzed by the enzyme tryptophanase (EC:4.1.99.1).
tryptophan catabolic process to catechol
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including catechol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine into other compounds, including fumarate.
obsolete tyrosine catabolic process to phosphoenolpyruvate
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine into other compounds, including phosphoenolpyruvate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-cysteine, (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, which occurs naturally in firefly luciferin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.
L-cysteine catabolic process to hypotaurine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including hypotaurine.
L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including pyruvate.
L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into pyruvate of L-cystine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine dioxygenase (EC:1.13.11.20).
L-cysteine breakdown to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase
L-cysteine degradation to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including taurine.
L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, via the intermediate cystine.
L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase.
L-cysteine breakdown via cystine, using glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase
L-cysteine degradation via cystine, using glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase
L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using cystine reductase
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme cystine reductase.
L-cysteine breakdown via cystine, using cystine reductase
L-cysteine degradation via cystine, using cystine reductase
L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using cysteine transaminase
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine transaminase.
L-cysteine breakdown via cystine, using cysteine transaminase
L-cysteine degradation via cystine, using cysteine transaminase
methionine catabolic process to succinyl-CoA
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine into other compounds, including succinyl-CoA.
methionine catabolic process via 2-oxobutanoate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine, via the intermediate 2-oxobutanoate.
methionine degradation via 2-oxobutanoate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into other compounds, including fumarate.
glutamine catabolic process to fumarate, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into fumarate, beginning with the conversion of glutamine to glutamate catalyzed by the enzyme glutamate synthase (NADPH) (EC:1.4.1.13).
glutamate catabolic process to fumarate, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)
glutamine breakdown to fumarate, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)
glutamine degradation to fumarate, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)
glutamine catabolic process to fumarate, using glutaminase
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into fumarate, beginning with conversion of glutamine into glutamate catalyzed by the enzyme glutaminase (EC:3.5.1.2).
glutamate catabolic process to fumarate, using glutaminase
glutamine breakdown to fumarate, using glutaminase
glutamine degradation to fumarate, using glutaminase
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine into other compounds, including creatine.
glycine decarboxylation via glycine cleavage system
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine by oxidative cleavage to carbon dioxide, ammonia, and a methylene group, mediated by enzymes of the glycine cleavage complex.
The exchange of the amino group of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, for another amino group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, via the intermediate proline.
ornithine catabolic process, by decarboxylation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine by decarboxylation.
ornithine degradation, by decarboxylation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nopaline (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopine (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. The presence of hydroxyproline is essential to produce stable triple helical tropocollagen, hence the problems caused by ascorbate deficiency in scurvy. This unusual amino acid is also present in considerable amounts in the major glycoprotein of primary plant cell walls.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline.
L-lysine catabolic process to glutarate, by acetylation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including glutarate, by acetylation.
L-lysine breakdown to glutarate, by acetylation
L-lysine degradation to glutarate, by acetylation
L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-lysine, the D-enantiomer of lysine; i.e. (2R)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.
L-alanine oxidation to D-lactate and ammonia
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to D-lactate and ammonia.
L-alanine oxidation to pyruvate via D-alanine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to pyruvate, with D-alanine as an intermediate.
L-alanine catabolic process, by transamination
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine by transamination.
L-alanine degradation, by transamination
The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.
beta-alanine catabolic process to L-alanine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including L-alanine.
beta-alanine catabolic process to mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination.
beta-alanine breakdown to mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination
beta-alanine degradation to mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylene, a colorless, volatile, explosive gas, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
ribitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ribitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. Ribitol is initially converted to D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to form ribulose 5-phosphate, which is then converted into xylulose 5-phosphate.
ribitol breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate
ribitol degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid.
The removal of the sulfonate group from 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.
Any process which produces the amino acid proline from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including proline.
proline catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.
proline catabolic process to 2-ketoglutarate
proline catabolic process to alpha-ketoglutarate
proline catabolic process to alpha-oxoglutarate
proline catabolism to alpha-ketoglutarate
proline catabolism to alpha-oxoglutarate
A one-carbon metabolic process in which acetyl-CoA is produced from formaldehyde and carbon dioxide.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexachlorocyclohexane, a cyclohexane derivative with 6 chlorine atoms attached to the hexane ring. Hexachlorocyclohexane consists of a mixture of 8 different isomers and was used a commercial insecticide. It is persistent in the environment, causing serious soil pollution.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of n-octane to octanoyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration, reacting with the ferric form of cytochrome aa3 and thus blocking the electron transport chain.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline found in alfalfa, chrysanthemum, and citrus plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving resorcinol (C6H4(OH)2), a benzene derivative with many applications, including dyes, explosives, resins and as an antiseptic.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylmercury acetate, an organomercurial compound composed of a mercury atom attached to a benzene ring and an acetate group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor.
2,5-dihydroxypyridine catabolic process to fumarate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,5-dihydroxypyridine to form fumarate. 2,5-dihydroxypyridine is dioxygenated to give maleamate and formate; the maleamate from this reaction is then converted to maleate, which is then isomerized to fumurate.
2,5-dihydroxypyridine breakdown to fumarate
2,5-dihydroxypyridine degradation to fumarate
pyridine-2,5-diol catabolic process to fumarate
L-methionine salvage from methylthioadenosine
The generation of L-methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid) from methylthioadenosine.
methionine salvage from methylthioadenosine
S-adenosylhomocysteine catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine, forming homocysteine and then methionine.
The hydroxylation of peptidyl-proline to form peptidyl-hydroxyproline.
lactose catabolic process via tagatose-6-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, via the intermediate tagatose-6-phosphate.
lactose breakdown via tagatose-6-phosphate
lactose degradation via tagatose-6-phosphate
lactose catabolic process, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, catalyzed by the enzyme glucoside 3-dehydrogenase.
lactose breakdown, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
lactose degradation, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
lactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, via the intermediate UDP-galactose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lactate to other compounds, such as pyruvate, with concomitant loss of electrons.
L-threonine catabolic process to D-lactate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L- threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound methylglyoxal, which is subsequently converted to D-lactate.
L-threonine catabolic process to (R)-lactate
L-threonine catabolic process to methylglyoxal
L-threonine catabolic process to pyruvate
threonine catabolic process to D-lactate
L-threonine catabolic process to glycine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form to form 2-amino-3-oxobutanoate, which is subsequently converted to glycine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-idonate, the anion of idonic acid, an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of keto-D-gluconate, the anion of keto-D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving keto-D-gluconate, the anion of keto-D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
D-arabitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabitol is converted into D-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to form D-xylulose-5-phosphate.
D-arabitol breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate
D-arabitol degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.
oxalate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of oxalate from one side of a membrane to the other. Oxalate, or ethanedioic acid, occurs in many plants and is highly toxic to animals.
The directed movement of oxalate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oxalate, or ethanedioic acid, occurs in many plants and is highly toxic to animals.
The directed movement of cellobiose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Cellobiose, or 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose, is a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.
toxin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a toxin from one side of a membrane to the other. A toxin is a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.
ferric-vibriobactin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of ferric-vibriobactin ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vibriobactin, the major siderophore produced by Vibrio cholerae.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vibriobactin, the major siderophore produced by Vibrio cholerae.
vibriobactin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
vibriobactin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification.
multicellular organismal protein metabolic process
protein metabolic process and modification
hydroxymate-containing siderophore biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including hydroxamic acid. Hydroxamate is one of the three major chemical groups incorporated into siderophore structures with catechol and a-hydroxycarboxylate, each having a high selectivity for iron(3+).
catechol-containing siderophore biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including catechol. Catechol is one of the three major chemical groups incorporated into siderophore structures with hydroxamate and a-hydroxycarboxylate, each having a high selectivity for iron(3+).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate, the anion derived from propionic (propanoic) acid, a carboxylic acid important in the energy metabolism of ruminants.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of propionate, the anion derived from propionic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionate, the anion derived from propionic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including glutamate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including succinate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine and CO2, using the enzyme arginine deiminase.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including spermine.
glutamate catabolic process to succinate via succinate semialdehyde
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into succinate, that includes the conversion of 4-aminobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde by the pyruvate-dependent gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase.
glutamate catabolic process to succinate via pyruvate-dependent GABA-transaminase activity
glutamate catabolic process to aspartate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including aspartate.
glutamate catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.
glutamate catabolic process to 2-ketoglutarate
glutamate catabolic process to alpha-ketoglutarate
glutamate catabolic process to alpha-oxoglutarate
glutamate catabolism to alpha-ketoglutarate
glutamate catabolism to alpha-oxoglutarate
glutamate catabolic process via 2-hydroxyglutarate
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-hydroxyglutarate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
glutamate fermentation via 2-hydroxyglutarate
glutamate catabolic process via L-citramalate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-citramalate.
glutamate catabolic process to oxaloacetate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including oxaloacetate.
glutamate catabolic process to ornithine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including ornithine.
histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamide
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including glutamate and formamide.
histidine breakdown to glutamate and formamide
histidine degradation to glutamate and formamide
histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including glutamate and formate.
histidine breakdown to glutamate and formate
histidine degradation to glutamate and formate
histidine catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.
histidine catabolic process to 2-ketoglutarate
histidine catabolic process to alpha-ketoglutarate
histidine catabolic process to alpha-oxoglutarate
histidine catabolism to alpha-ketoglutarate
histidine catabolism to alpha-oxoglutarate
histidine catabolic process to imidazol-5-yl-lactate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including imidazol-5-yl-lactate.
histidine breakdown to imidazol-5-yl-lactate
histidine degradation to imidazol-5-yl-lactate
histidine catabolic process to hydantoin-5-propionate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including hydantoin-5-propionate.
histidine breakdown to hydantoin-5-propionate
histidine degradation to hydantoin-5-propionate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine under anaerobic conditions; occurs via the intermediates phenylpyruvate and phenylacetaldehyde.
obsolete L-phenylalanine catabolic process to phosphoenolpyruvate
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-phenylalanine into other compounds, including phosphoenolpyruvate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, in the presence of oxygen.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinose, arabino-pentose. L-Arabinose occurs both free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers, and in the combined state, as a constituent of plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides etc. D-arabinose is a constituent of arabinonucleosides.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arabinose, arabino-pentose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabinose, arabino-pentose.
L-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate.
L-arabinose breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate
L-arabinose degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate
L-arabinose catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.
L-arabinose catabolic process to 2-ketoglutarate
L-arabinose catabolic process to alpha-ketoglutarate
L-arabinose catabolic process to alpha-oxoglutarate
L-arabinose catabolism to 2-ketoglutarate
L-arabinose catabolism to alpha-ketoglutarate
L-arabinose catabolism to alpha-oxoglutarate
L-arabinose degradation to 2-oxoglutarate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose, the L-enantiomer of arabino-pentose.
D-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabinose is converted into D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to ribulose-5-phosphate, which is isomerized to give D-xylulose-5-phosphate.
D-arabinose breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate
D-arabinose degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate
sucrose catabolic process via 3'-ketosucrose
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, which proceeds via the conversion of sucrose to 3'-ketosucrose. 3'-ketosucrose is hydrolyzed to 3-ketoglucose and fructose, and the 3-ketoglucose is then be converted to glucose.
sucrose breakdown, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
sucrose catabolic process, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
sucrose catabolism, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
sucrose degradation, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
obsolete sucrose catabolic process, using beta-fructofuranosidase
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, catalyzed by the enzyme beta-fructofuranosidase (EC:3.2.1.26).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the presence of oxygen.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactarate, an anion of galactaric acid, the meso-aldaric acid derived from both D- and L-galactose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactonate, the anion of galactonic acid, an organic acid derived from the sugar galactose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactonate, the anion of galactonic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucuronate, any salt or ester of glucuronic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
anaerobic glycerol catabolic process to propane-1,3-diol
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol into propane-1,3-diol and water.
glycerol fermentation to 1,3-propanediol
glycerol fermentation to propane-1,3-diol
L-arabitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. L-arabitol is converted into L-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is converted to D-xylulose-5-phosphate via the intermediate L-ribulose-5-phosphate.
L-arabitol breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate
L-arabitol degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
non-phosphorylated glucose catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of non-phosphorylated forms of glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic.
(R)-mandelate catabolic process to benzoate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mandelate into other compounds, including benzoate.
(R)-mandelate catabolic process to catechol
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mandelate into other compounds, including catechol.
(R)-4-hydroxymandelate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of (R)-4-hydroxymandelic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in toluene.
The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 2-hydroxytoluene (o-cresol).
The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 3-hydroxytoluene (m-cresol).
The degradation of toluene to form p-hydroxybenzoate; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 4-hydroxytoluene (4-cresol).
The formation from toluene of catechol, dihydroxybenzene, by successive oxidations followed by loss of carbon dioxide (CO2).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any butyrate, the anions of butyric acid (butanoic acid), a saturated, unbranched aliphatic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine.
3-hydroxyphenylacetate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate.
3-hydroxyphenylacetate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.
catechol-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent.
catechol catabolic process, ortho-cleavage
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol via the ortho-cleavage pathway, in which the catechol aromatic ring is broken between the two carbon atoms bearing hydroxyl groups.
catechol catabolic process, meta-cleavage
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol via the meta-cleavage pathway, in which the catechol aromatic ring is broken between a hydroxylated carbon atom and an adjacent unsubstituted carbon atom.
protocatechuate catabolic process, meta-cleavage
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield oxaloacetate and pyruvate.
3,4-dihydroxybenzoate catabolic process, meta-cleavage
protocatechuate breakdown, meta-cleavage
protocatechuate catabolic process to oxaloacetate and pyruvate
protocatechuate degradation, meta-cleavage
protocatechuate catabolic process, ortho-cleavage
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield beta-ketoadipate.
3,4-dihydroxybenzoate catabolic process, ortho-cleavage
protocatechuate breakdown, ortho-cleavage
protocatechuate catabolic process to beta-ketoadipate
protocatechuate degradation, ortho-cleavage
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) that occur in the presence of oxygen.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of creatinine into other compounds, including formate.
3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate, a hydroxylated derivative of phenylpropionate.
3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate catabolism
3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into urea.
atrazine catabolic process to isopropylamine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into isopropylamine.
atrazine catabolic process to cyanuric acid
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into cyanuric acid.
short-chain fatty acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine.
propionate catabolic process, 2-methylcitrate cycle
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionate that occurs in the 2-methylcitrate cycle.
propionate breakdown, 2-methylcitrate cycle
propionate degradation, 2-methylcitrate cycle
The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinate, the anion of quinic acid. The acid occurs commonly in plants, either free or as esters, and is used as a medicine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinate, the anion of quinic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid. It is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphonates, any organic compounds containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Metabolism of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.
2-aminoethylphosphonate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminoethylphosphonate, also known as ciliatine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphonoacetate, C2H4PO5, a substance composed of an acetate and a phosphonic acid residue.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-hydroxycineole (6-hydroxy-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane), a hydrocarbon with the formula C10H18O2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-hydroxycineole (6-hydroxy-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane), a hydrocarbon with the formula C10H18O2.
glucuronate catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronate into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate.
glucuronate breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate
glucuronate degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate
A pathway leading to the fixation of two molecules of CO2 and the production of one molecule of acetyl-CoA; essentially the oxidative TCA cycle running in reverse. Acetyl-CoA is reductively carboxylated to pyruvate, from which all other central metabolites can be formed. Most of the enzymes of reductive and oxidative TCA cycle are shared, with the exception of three key enzymes that allow the cycle to run in reverse: ATP citrate lyase, 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and fumarate reductase. 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase catalyzes the carboxylation of succinyl-CoA to 2-oxoglutarate, ATP citrate lyase the ATP-dependent cleavage of citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, and fumarate reductase the reduction of fumarate forming succinate.
A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors other than oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
formaldehyde assimilation via ribulose monophosphate cycle
The pathway in which formaldehyde is used as a carbon source in the ribulose monophosphate cycle. Methanotrophic bacteria produce formaldehyde from the oxidation of methane and methanol, and then assimilate it via the ribulose monophosphate cycle to form intermediates of the central metabolic routes that are subsequently used for biosynthesis of cell material. Three molecules of formaldehyde are assimilated, forming a three-carbon intermediate of central metabolism; in this pathway, all cellular carbon is assimilated at the oxidation level of formaldehyde.
formaldehyde assimilation via RuMP cycle
formaldehyde assimilation via xylulose monophosphate cycle
The pathway in which formaldehyde is used as a carbon source in the xylulose monophosphate cycle. Methylotrophic yeasts, but not bacteria, utilize the xylulose monophosphate cycle to fix formaldehyde and convert it into metabolically useful organic compounds.
formaldehyde assimilation via xylulose-5-phosphate cycle
The pathways in which formaldehyde is processed and used as a carbon source for the cell.
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into butanediol; effected by some members of the Enterobacteriaceae, e.g. Enterobacter, Erwinia, Klebsiella, and Serratia.
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of citrate to diacetyl, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
lactate fermentation to propionate and acetate
The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of lactate to propionate, concomitant with the oxidation of lactate to acetate and CO2 and yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
anaerobic purine nucleobase catabolic process
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleobases, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose; it is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO2), producing two molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose.
ethanol biosynthetic process involved in glucose fermentation to ethanol
glucose catabolic process to D-lactate and ethanol
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the enzymatic breakdown of D-glucose to D-lactate and ethanol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at the rate of one ATP per glucose molecule.
glucose fermentation to D-lactate and ethanol
Glycolytic fermentation resulting in the catabolism of glucose to propionate, yielding energy in the form of ATP; an alternative to the acrylate pathway to produce propionate.
glucose fermentation to lactate and acetate
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
glucose catabolic process to lactate and acetate
The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, and possibly ethanol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Fermentation that includes the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway.
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate
The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, via canonical glycolysis, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
glucose fermentation to lactate via pyruvate
Fermentation that does not include the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway.
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into ethanol, lactate, formate, succinate, and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
glucose catabolic process to mixed acids
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nitrogen-containing compound, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
anaerobic catabolism of pairs of amino acids
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids; in these reactions, one amino acid is oxidised (acts as an electron donor) and a different amino acid is reduced (acts as an electron acceptor); oxidation of the electron-donating amino acid yields energy in the form of ATP.
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
glutamate catabolic process via mesaconate and citramalate
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate via the intermediates mesaconate and S-citramalate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
glutamate fermentation via mesaconate and citramalate
ethanol-acetate fermentation to butyrate and caproate
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanol and acetate to butyrate and caproate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
obsolete NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
OBSOLETE. The addition or removal of a phosphate group from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.
The pathway by which ammonia is processed and incorporated into a cell. In an energy-rich (glucose-containing), nitrogen-poor environment, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase form an ammonia assimilatory cycle, in which ammonia is incorporated into L-glutamate to form L-glutamine, which then combines with alpha-ketoglutarate to regenerate L-glutamate. This ATP-dependent cycle is essential for nitrogen-limited growth and for steady-state growth with some sources of nitrogen.
glutamate metabolic process via glutamine and ammonia
glutamate metabolism via glutamine and ammonia
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; catabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolic process
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolism
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolic process
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolism
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolic process
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolism
propionate metabolic process, methylmalonyl pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylmalonyl pathway.
propionate metabolism, methylmalonyl pathway
propionate metabolic process, methylcitrate cycle
The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylcitrate cycle.
propionate metabolism, methylcitrate cycle
L-methylmalonyl-CoA biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methylmalonyl-CoA, the L-enantiomer of 2-carboxypropanoyl-CoA.
The pathways by which acetyl-CoA is processed and converted into alpha-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate); methanogenic archaea use these pathways to assimilate acetyl-CoA into the cell.
acetyl-CoA catabolic process to 2-ketoglutarate
acetyl-CoA catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate
acetyl-CoA catabolic process to alpha-ketoglutarate
acetyl-CoA catabolic process to alpha-oxoglutarate
acetyl-CoA catabolism to 2-ketoglutarate
acetyl-CoA catabolism to alpha-ketoglutarate
acetyl-CoA catabolism to alpha-oxoglutarate
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate metabolic process
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate catabolic process
The light reactions of photosynthesis, which take place in photosystems II and I. Light energy is harvested and used to power the transfer of electrons among a series of electron donors and acceptors. The final electron acceptor is NADP+, which is reduced to NADPH. NADPH generated from light reactions is used in sugar synthesis in dark reactions. Light reactions also generate a proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane, and the proton gradient is used to synthesize ATP. There are two chemical reactions involved in the light reactions: water oxidation in photosystem II, and NADP reduction in photosystem I.
A complex cycle of enzyme-mediated reactions which catalyzes the reduction of carbon dioxide to sugar. As well as carbon dioxide the cycle requires reducing power in the form of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The reduced NADP (NADPH) and ATP are produced by the 'light' reactions.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine nucleoside is synthesized from another purine nucleoside.
pyruvate biosynthetic process from acetate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyruvate from other compounds, including acetate.
purine deoxyribonucleoside interconversion
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine deoxyribonucleoside is synthesized from another purine deoxyribonucleoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine nucleoside is synthesized from another pyrimidine nucleoside.
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside interconversion
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside is synthesized from another deoxyribopyrimidine nucleoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
toluene oxidation via toluene-cis-1,2-dihydrodiol
The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form toluene-cis-1,2-dihydrodiol.
L-xylitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-xylitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. L-xylitol is converted into L-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is converted to D-xylulose-5-phosphate via the intermediate L-ribulose-5-phosphate.
L-xylitol breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate
L-xylitol degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphonates, any organic compound containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Catabolism of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.
The methylation of peptidyl-arginine on the internal nitrogen-5 (N5) atom (also called delta-nitrogen) to form peptidyl-N5-methyl-L-arginine.
protein arginine N5-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the delta-nitrogen atom of peptidyl-arginine residues. The reaction is S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [protein]-L-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [protein]-N5-methyl-L-arginine.
protein-arginine delta-N-methyltransferase activity
protein-arginine N5-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:[protein]-L-arginine N-methyltransferase ([protein]-N5-methyl-L-arginine-forming)
type IV protein arginine methyltransferase activity
coenzyme A-peptidyl-cysteine covalent linking
The covalent linkage of coenzyme A and peptidyl-cysteine to form L-cysteine coenzyme A disulfide.
The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine.
peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
protein-cysteine S-myristoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl (systematic name, tetradecanoyl) group to a sulfur atom on a cysteine residue of a protein molecule in the reaction: tetradecanoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-tetradecanoyl-L-cysteinyl-[protein].
protein-cysteine S-palmitoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl (systematic name, hexadecanoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction hexadecanoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-hexadecanoyl-L-cysteinyl-[protein].
protein-cysteine S-palmitoleyltransferase activity
protein-cysteine S-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule.
peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester biosynthesis from peptidyl-glycine
The synthesis of peptidyl-glycine cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol ester at the carboxy-terminus of autolytically cleaved proteins.
peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester anabolism from peptidyl-glycine
peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester formation from peptidyl-glycine
peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester synthesis from peptidyl-glycine
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide
The incorporation of iron into a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide, found in carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.
iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulphide
obsolete peptidyl-asparagine methylation
OBSOLETE. The methylation of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-N4-methyl-L-asparagine or peptidyl-N4,N4-dimethyl-L-asparagine.
peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid from other compounds, including peptidyl-aspartic acid.
peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid anabolism from peptidyl-aspartic acid
peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid formation from peptidyl-aspartic acid
peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid synthesis from peptidyl-aspartic acid
obsolete peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutamic acid
OBSOLETE. The methyl esterification of peptidyl-glutamic acid.
obsolete peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutamine
OBSOLETE. The coupled methyl esterification and deamidation of peptidyl-glutamine.
obsolete peptidyl-glutamine esterification
OBSOLETE. The addition of an ester group to a glutamine residue in a protein.
peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation to form L-erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid
The hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid; catalyzed by peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase (EC:1.14.11.16).
N-terminal peptidyl-alanine monomethylation
The monomethylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N-methyl-L-alanine.
OBSOLETE. Any of the discrete particles (nerve-ending particles) formed from the clublike presynaptic nerve endings that resist disruption and are snapped or torn off their attachments when brain tissue is homogenized in media isosmotic to plasma.
OBSOLETE. Vesicular particles formed from disrupted endoplasmic reticulum membranes and studded with ribosomes on the outside.
OBSOLETE. Vesicular particles formed from disrupted endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membranes without any adhering ribosomes.
Mo-molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions.
Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells.
B lymphocyte mediated immune effector process
B-lymphocyte mediated immune effector process
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + NADP+ = H+ + mevaldate + NADPH.
mevaldate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + NAD+ = H+ + mevaldate + NADH.
peptidyl-allysine oxidation to 2-aminoadipic acid
The oxidation of allysine to 2-aminoadipic acid.
obsolete peptide cross-linking via 2-imino-glutaminyl-5-imidazolinone glycine
OBSOLETE. The formation of the fluorescent protein FP583 chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a glutamine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons.
An immune response against microbes mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are seen in the antimicrobial humoral response of Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus.
An immune response against bacteria mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are the antibacterial humoral responses in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.
An immune response against a fungus mediated through a body fluid. An example of this process is the antifungal humoral response in Drosophila melanogaster.
The incorporation of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) into non-coded peptides.
A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary nitrogen source, usually ammonia, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary nitrogen source and to transport and metabolize alternative nitrogen sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects nitrogen levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize nitrogen-containing substances, and ends when nitrogen is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.
pentacyclic triterpenoid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings.
pentacyclic triterpenoid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.
pentacyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.
regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients.
cytoskeleton-dependent cytoplasmic transport, nurse cell to oocyte
The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal elements, such as microfilaments or microtubules, from a nurse cell to an oocyte.
Any process in which a chloroplast is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. A chloroplast is a chlorophyll-containing plastid found in cells of algae and higher plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
The directed movement of one-carbon compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
cyanogenic glycoside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae. They are metabolized to a variety of toxic products which are most likely the cause of hepatocytic necrosis in animals and humans.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
Combining with the Fc region of an immunoglobulin protein and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
obsolete high affinity Fc receptor activity
obsolete low affinity Fc receptor activity
Combining with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex
The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the proteasome core complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.
proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex
The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two inner rings of the proteasome core complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.
Catalysis of the transfer of FAT10 from one protein to another via the reaction X-FAT10 + Y --> Y-FAT10 + X, where both X-FAT10 and Y-FAT10 are covalent linkages.
Catalysis of the covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8 to substrate molecules; phosphatidylethanolamine is a known substrate.
Catalysis of the transfer of ATG12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ATG12 + Y --> Y-ATG12 + X, where both X-ATG12 and Y-ATG12 are covalent linkages.
Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG12, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG8, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier FAT10, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
Catalysis of the initiation of the NEDD8 (RUB1) conjugation cascade.
Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier ISG15, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
ubiquitin-like protein peptidase activity
An isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (ULP; e.g. ATG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO) from target proteins.
small conjugating protein-specific isopeptidase activity
small conjugating protein-specific protease activity
ubiquitin-like protein-specific isopeptidase activity
ubiquitin-like protein-specific protease activity
ubiquitin-like-protein-specific protease activity
ubiquitin-like specific protease activity
ubiquitin-specific protease activity involved in negative regulation of ERAD pathway
ubiquitin-specific protease activity involved in positive regulation of ERAD pathway
An isopeptidase activity that cleaves NEDD8 from a target protein to which it is conjugated.
A thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves ISG15 from a target protein to which it is conjugated.
A thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves APG8 from a target protein to which it is conjugated.
ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like from one protein to another via the reaction X-ULP + Y --> Y-ULP + X, where both X-ULP and Y-ULP are covalent linkages. ULP represents a ubiquitin-like protein.
small conjugating protein ligase activity
small conjugating protein transferase activity
small protein conjugating enzyme activity
ubiquitin-like conjugating enzyme activity
Catalysis of the transfer of NEDD8 from one protein to another via the reaction X-NEDD8 + Y --> Y-NEDD8 + X, where both X-NEDD8 and Y-NEDD8 are covalent linkages.
Catalysis of the transfer of SUMO from one protein to another via the reaction X-SUMO + Y --> Y-SUMO + X, where both X-SUMO and Y-SUMO are covalent linkages.
obsolete ubiquitin-like hydrolase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the transfer of ISG15 (interferon-stimulated gene-15) from one side of the membrane to the other.
obsolete nonprotein amino acid metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino acid not found, or rarely found, in peptide linkage in proteins.
obsolete nonprotein amino acid biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino acid that does not normally occur as a constituent residue of proteins.
obsolete nonprotein amino acid catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino acid not found, or rarely found, in peptide linkage in proteins.
procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.
procollagen-L-proline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) activity
procollagen-proline,2-oxoglutarate 3-dioxygenase activity
proline,2-oxoglutarate 3-dioxygenase activity
prolyl-4-hydroxyprolyl-glycyl-peptide, 2-oxoglutarate: oxygen oxidoreductase, 3-hydroxylating activity
protocollagen proline 3-hydroxylase activity
procollagen-proline dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (alpha-tubulin) L-lysine = CoA + (alpha-tubulin) N6-acetyl-L-lysine.
acetyl-CoA:alpha-tubulin-L-lysine 6-N-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:alpha-tubulin-L-lysine N6-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:alpha-tubulin-lysine N-acetyltransferase activity
alpha-tubulin acetyltransferase activity
alpha-tubulin N-acetyltransferase activity
peptide cross-linking via chondroitin 4-sulfate glycosaminoglycan
The formation of a cross-link between peptide chains mediated by a chondroitin 4-sulfate glycosaminoglycan that originates from a typical O-glycosidic link to serine of one chain; the other chain is esterified, via the alpha-carbon of its C-terminal Asp, to C-6 of an internal N-acetylgalactosamine of the glycosaminoglycan chain.
peptide cross-linking via chondroitin 4-sulphate glycosaminoglycan
cyclization of asparagine involved in intein-mediated protein splicing
The cyclization of asparagine to yield an L-aspartimide (otherwise known as alpha-aminosuccinimide) residue at the C-terminus of an excised intein during protein splicing.
cyclization of asparagine, during protein splicing
cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicing
The cyclization of glutamine to yield an L-glutamimide residue at the C-terminus of an excised intein during protein splicing.
cyclization of glutamine, during protein splicing
The carboxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-carboxyaspartic acid.
OBSOLETE. A heterodimer which acts as a quinolinate synthetase; quinolinate synthetase B (L-aspartate oxidase) catalyzes the oxidation of L-aspartate to L-iminoaspartate; quinolinate synthetase A condenses L-imidoaspartate and dihydroxyacetone to quinolinate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 R-H + 2 bromide + H2O2 = 2 R-Br + 2 H2O. Enzymes with this activity often accept other halide ions as substrates, including chloride and iodide.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-L-aspartate + H2O = a fatty acid anion + L-aspartate.
N-acetylaspartate amidohydrolase activity
N-acyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase activity
Binding to a polyamine, an organic compound containing two or more amino groups.
Binding to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
Binding to putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
Binding to cocaine (2-beta-carbomethoxy-3-beta-benzoxytropane), an alkaloid obtained from dried leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca or by chemical synthesis.
type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex
A multisubunit complex composed of two copies of a restriction (R) subunit, two copies of a methylation (M) subunit, and one copy of a specificity (S) subunit. This complex recognizes specific short DNA sequences (through the S subunit), and binds to them. If the recognition site is hemimethylated, the complex acts as a methyltransferase which modifies the recognition site, using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. Only the M and S subunits are required for this reaction. If the complex binds to an unmethylated recognition site, then the complex translocates the DNA bidirectionally in an ATP-dependent manner. When the translocation is stalled by impact with another complex or unusual DNA structure, the enzyme functions as an endonuclease and cleavage of the DNA will occur, hundreds or thousands of base pairs away from the recognition site. These DNA restriction systems are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.
type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex
A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of two subunits, Res and Mod, that functions as an endonuclease and cleaves DNA. Cleavage will only occur when there are two un-methylated copies of a specific recognition site in an inverse orientation on the DNA. Cleavage occurs at a specific distance away from one of the recognition sites. The Mod subunit can act alone as a methyltansferase. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.
A protein complex that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds and sometimes complexed with additional proteins. An immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
An immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
B cell receptor accessory molecule complex
obsolete B cell receptor accessory molecule complex
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the peroxisome.
A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P1 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content; they contain fewer peroxisomal proteins than the other subforms.
A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P2 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content; they are the least dense of the subforms observed.
A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P3 peroxisomes are formed by fusion of P1 and P2 peroxisomes, and are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.
A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P4 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.
A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P5 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.
A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P6 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content, and are equivalent to mature peroxisomes.
Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of oxygen (O2).
The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of stem cells of a single type. This can be achieved by a number of mechanisms: stem cell asymmetric division maintains stem cell numbers; stem cell symmetric division increases them; maintenance of a stem cell niche maintains the conditions for commitment to the stem cell fate for some types of stem cell; stem cells may arise de novo from other cell types.
aspartic-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of aspartic-type endopeptidases.
ATPase-coupled monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cation(out) = ADP + phosphate + cation(in).
ATPase-coupled cation transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent cation transmembrane transporter activity
plasma membrane cation-transporting ATPase
obsolete chromate sensitivity/resistance
obsolete mercuric sensitivity/resistance
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the formation of ice crystals in extracellular fluid at relatively high temperatures (up to -2 degrees C) to protect the organism from damage by intracellular ice formation. Ice nucleation proteins function by binding an ice crystal and then encouraging it to form larger crystals. Ice nucleation is a chemical process but these proteins can positively regulate it. There are two different uses of ice nucleation proteins: bacteria secrete them extracellularly to cause a host organism's cells to freeze and die, and fish use them to protect themselves from intracellular ice formation.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of phospholipase A2.
The rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.
hemolysis by symbiont of host erythrocytes
The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in the host organism by a symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
hemolysis by symbiont of host red blood cells
regulation of cytolysis of host cells by symbiont
obsolete herbicide susceptibility/resistance
Binding to a growth factor, proteins or polypeptides that stimulate a cell or organism to grow or proliferate.
Binding to an isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
Binding to retinol, vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. Retinol is an intermediate in the vision cycle and it also plays a role in growth and differentiation.
Binding to a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
OBSOLETE. The function of any microbial toxin that cannot be easily separated from the structure of the cell.
OBSOLETE. The function of a toxin formed by a microorganism and secreted into the surrounding medium.
OBSOLETE. Acts as to cause injury to the intestinal mucosa of other living organisms.
OBSOLETE. Acts to inhibit neural function in another living organism.
OBSOLETE. Acts to inhibit neural function in another organism by inhibiting voltage-gated calcium ion channels and neurotransmitter release. This function is thought to be specific to the venom of two marine snail species.
OBSOLETE. Acts as to cause injury to other living cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.
Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a calcium channel.
pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.
OBSOLETE. Long whiplike or feathery structures borne either singly or in groups by the motile cells of many bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes and by the motile male gametes of many eukaryotic organisms, which propel the cell through a liquid medium.
Binding to an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype.
Binding to an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype.
Binding to an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype.
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope; usually highly selective to most ions and metabolites.
The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites.
Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a chloride channel.
Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a potassium channel.
Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a sodium channel.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of streptomycin, a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media; it acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.
obsolete tellurium sensitivity/resistance
6-aminohexanoate-cyclic-dimer hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,9-dione + H2O = N-(6-aminohexanoyl)-6-aminohexanoate.
1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,9-dione lactamhydrolase activity
6-aminohexanoate-dimer hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-(6-aminohexanoyl)-6-aminohexanoate + H2O = 2 6-aminohexanoate.
6-aminohexanoic acid oligomer hydrolase activity
N-(6-aminohexanoyl)-6-aminohexanoate amidohydrolase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diaminopimelate, both as an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls.
lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine by the aminoadipic pathway.
lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic acid pathway
lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic pathway
lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic acid pathway
lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic pathway
peptidyl-thyronine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine
The formation of peptidyl-thyronine from peptidyl-tyrosine in thyroglobulin by phenyl transfer coupled with the formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine.
peptidyl-thyronine anabolism from peptidyl-tyrosine
peptidyl-thyronine formation from peptidyl-tyrosine
peptidyl-thyronine synthesis from peptidyl-tyrosine
obsolete bacteriocin susceptibility/resistance
obsolete streptomycin susceptibility/resistance
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
antigen presentation, endogenous antigen
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous antigen
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
antigen presentation, endogenous peptide antigen
antigen processing, endogenous antigen via major histocompatibility complex class I
antigen processing, endogenous antigen via MHC class I
endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.
antigen presentation, exogenous antigen via MHC class II
antigen presentation, exogenous peptide antigen
antigen processing, exogenous antigen via major histocompatibility complex class II
exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
Modulates the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.
Binds to and modulates the activity of a protein phosphatase.
calcineurin, intrinsic regulator activity
protein phosphatase 2, intrinsic regulator activity
protein phosphatase 2 regulator activity
protein phosphatase 3, intrinsic regulator activity
protein phosphatase 3 regulator activity
protein phosphatase type 1, intrinsic regulator activity
protein phosphatase type 1 regulator activity
protein phosphatase type 2A, intrinsic regulator activity
protein phosphatase type 2A regulator activity
protein phosphatase type 2B, intrinsic regulator activity
protein phosphatase type 2B regulator activity
protein phosphatase type 4, intrinsic regulator activity
protein phosphatase type 4 regulator activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with kinesin, a member of a superfamily of microtubule-based motor proteins that perform force-generating tasks such as organelle transport and chromosome segregation.
obsolete kinesin-associated mitochondrial adaptor activity
OBSOLETE. The activity of linking kinesins, cytoplasmic proteins responsible for moving vesicles and organelles towards the distal end of microtubules, to mitochondria.
The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell axons.
The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
The component of a membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
Binding to an enzyme, a protein with catalytic activity.
Binding to a kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group.
Binding to a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.
Binding to a specific domain of a protein.
Binding to a syntaxin, a SNAP receptor involved in the docking of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic zone of a synapse.
cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase holoenzyme complex
A cyclin-dependent kinase activating kinase complex capable of activating cyclin-dependent kinases by threonine phosphorylation, thus regulating cell cycle progression. consists of a kinase, cyclin and optional assembly factors, in human CDK7, CCNH and MNAT1. CAK activity is itself regulated throughout the cell cycle by T-loop phosphorylation of its kinase component (CDK7 in human). Phosphorylation of serine residues during mitosis inactivates the enzyme. Also capable of CAK phosphorylating the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II and other transcription activating proteins, as part of the general transcription factor TFIIH.
nuclear cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the nucleus.
[pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase regulator activity
Binds to and modulates of the activity of [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase.
[pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase, intrinsic regulator activity
mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex
A mitochondrial complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the myelin sheath of a nerve.
cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein; increases the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK).
cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase, intrinsic catalyst activity
cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase regulator activity
Modulation of the activity of the enzyme cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase.
cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase, intrinsic regulator activity
The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
peptidyl-D-alanine racemization via peptidyl-L-serine
The dehydration of peptidyl-serine, followed by hydrogenation to produce peptidyl-D-alanine.
peptidyl-arginine methylation, to symmetrical-dimethyl arginine
The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine.
peptidyl-arginine methylation, to asymmetrical-dimethyl arginine
The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine.
peptidyl-arginine methylation, to unsymmetrical-dimethyl arginine
peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, internal
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of internal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has an internal C=S bond, instead of an internal C=O bond, in the peptide.
peptidyl-1-thioglycine anabolism, internal
peptidyl-1-thioglycine formation, internal
peptidyl-1-thioglycine synthesis, internal
peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, carboxy-terminal
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxy-terminal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has a carboxy-terminal thiocarboxy-C(=O)-SH bond.
peptidyl-1-thioglycine anabolism, carboxy-terminal
peptidyl-1-thioglycine formation, carboxy-terminal
peptidyl-1-thioglycine synthesis, carboxy-terminal
obsolete protein-chromophore linkage via peptidyl-cysteine
OBSOLETE. The covalent linking of a chromophore to a protein via peptidyl-cysteines.
obsolete alpha-1-microglobulin-chromophore linkage
OBSOLETE. The covalent linking of the alpha-1-microglobulin chromophore to the protein; the structure of the chromophore is not known. It is probably heterogeneous and involving two cysteines in thioether bonds.
peptidyl-tryptophan oxidation to tryptophyl quinone
The oxidation of peptidyl-tryptophan to form tryptophan-6,7-dione, otherwise known as tryptophyl quinone, which is further modified by cross-linking to either tryptophan or cysteine.
peptide cross-linking via 4'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tryptophyl quinone
The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to tryptophyl quinone to form 4'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tryptophyl quinone, a cofactor found at the active site of amine dehydrogenase.
peptide cross-linking via 3-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-aspartic acid
The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an aspartic acid residue to form 3-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-aspartic acid.
peptide cross-linking via 4-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-glutamic acid
The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to a glutamic acid residue to form 4-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-glutamic acid.
cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid
The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid aspartate ester, typical of the barley lipid transfer protein 1.
cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester anabolism from peptidyl-aspartic acid
cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester formation from peptidyl-aspartic acid
cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester synthesis from peptidyl-aspartic acid
obsolete protein-chromophore linkage via peptidyl-N6-3-dehydroretinal-L-lysine
OBSOLETE. The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form N6-3,4-didehydroretinylidene-L-lysine.
Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a second messenger; a small molecule or ion that can be quickly generated or released from intracellular stores, and can diffuse within the cell. Second-messenger signaling includes production or release of the second messenger, and effectors downstream of the second messenger that further transmit the signal within the cell.
second-messenger-mediated signal transduction
Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Includes production of cAMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.
adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate-mediated signaling
adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate-mediated signalling
Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic GMP (cGMP). Includes production of cGMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.
Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a cyclic nucleotide. Includes production or release of the cyclic nucleotide, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.
obsolete inositol phospholipid-mediated signaling
obsolete protein catenane formation via N6-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-lysine, autocatalytic
OBSOLETE. The autocatalytic formation of isopeptide bonds by ligation of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-asparagine residues; known to occur in the capsid of some bacteriophage, such as HK97, where it is thought to provide a mechanism for stabilizing the capsid.
obsolete peptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-lysine, presumed catalytic
OBSOLETE. The formation of isopeptide bonds by ligation of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-asparagine residues; occurs in mammals in proteins as yet unidentified by a mechanism probably analogous to that of transglutaminase reactions.
peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine specifically.
peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
obsolete SUMO-dependent protein catabolic process
modification-dependent protein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent modification of the target protein.
modification-dependent protein breakdown
modification-dependent protein catabolism
modification-dependent protein degradation
modification-initiated protein catabolic process
modification-initiated protein catabolism
protein-ligand-dependent protein catabolic process
protein-ligand-dependent protein catabolism
obsolete NEDD8 class-dependent protein catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1) to the target protein.
Catalysis of the activation of the proteolytically processed small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
obsolete SMT3-dependent protein catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein SMT3 to the target protein.
A type of reproduction that combines the genetic material of two gametes (such as a sperm or egg cell or fungal spores). The gametes have an haploid genome (with a single set of chromosomes, the product of a meiotic division) and combines with one another to produce a zygote (diploid).
A type of reproduction in which new individuals are produced from a single organism, either from an unfertilized egg or from a single cell or group of cells.
Binding to a cytokine, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.
Binding to a chemokine. Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.
Binding to a C-C chemokine; C-C chemokines do not have an amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.
Binding to a C-X-C chemokine; C-X-C chemokines have a single amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four cysteine motif.
Binding to a C-X3-C chemokine; C-X3-C chemokines have three amino acids between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.
Binding to an interferon, a protein produced by the immune systems of many animals in response to a challenge by a foreign agent.
Binding to a type I interferon. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
Binding to type II interferon, also known as interferon-gamma.
Binding to a member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
The replication of damaged DNA by synthesis across a lesion in the template strand; a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex inserts a defined nucleotide across from the lesion which allows DNA synthesis to continue beyond the lesion. This process can be mutagenic depending on the damaged nucleotide and the inserted nucleotide.
obsolete negative regulation of anti-apoptosis
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anti-apoptosis.
The covalent alteration of an amino acid charged on a tRNA before it is incorporated into a protein, as in N-formylmethionine, selenocysteine or pyrrolysine.
pretranslational amino acid modification
pre-translational amino acid modification
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.
The assembly of a septate junction, an intercellular junction found in invertebrate epithelia that is characterized by a ladder like appearance in electron micrographs and thought to provide structural strength and to provide a barrier to diffusion of solutes through the intercellular space.
Binding to a diacylglycerol, a diester of glycerol and two fatty acids.
The plasma membrane surrounding a host cell.
Membrane-bounded vacuole within a host cell in which a symbiont organism resides. The vacuole membrane is derived from both the host and symbiont.
The space between a symbiont plasma membrane and the symbiont-containing vacuole membrane.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a symbiont-containing vacuole, derived from both the host and symbiont.
symbiont-containing vacuolar membrane network
Tubular network of extensions from the symbiont-containing vacuole membrane that protrude into the host cytoplasm.
parasitophorous vacuolar membrane network
symbiont-containing vacuole membrane network
A group of cytoskeletal structures and associated membrane-bounded organelles found at the anterior end of adult obligate intracellular protozoan parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. The apical complex is involved in attachment to and penetration of the host cell, and in parasite proliferation.
A large, club-shaped secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex of an apicomplexan parasite, and consists of a bulbous body and a narrow electron-dense neck that extends through the conoid at the apical tip of the parasite. The rhoptry necks serve as ducts through which the contents of the rhoptries are secreted after attachment to the host has been completed and at the commencement of invasion. Rhoptry proteins function in the biogenesis and host organellar association of the parasitophorous vacuole.
A small, elongated secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex, located along the main axis of an apicomplexan parasite cell within the extreme apical region and at the periphery under the inner membrane complex. Of the specialized secretory compartments identified in apicomplexans, micronemes discharge their contents first, during initial contact of the parasite's apical pole with the host cell surface. Micronemal proteins function during parasite attachment and penetration into the target cell.
A spiral cytoskeletal structure located at the apical end of the apical complex in some apicomplexan parasites. Fibers form a left-handed spiral, and are comprised of tubulin protofilaments organized in a ribbon-like structure that differs from the conventional tubular structure characteristic of microtubules.
The plastid organelle found in apicomplexans.
modulation by symbiont of host erythrocyte aggregation
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte aggregation in its host organism, e.g. the binding of parasite-infected erythrocytes to uninfected erythrocytes.
Cell division by multiple fission in which nuclei and other organelles in the parent cell divide repeatedly and move to the cell periphery before internal membranes develop around them, producing a large number of daughter cells simultaneously.
A membrane-bounded organelle found in organisms from the order Kinetoplastida that houses the enzymes of glycolysis.
Invagination of the plasma membrane from which a cilium (also called flagellum) protrudes.
That part of the plasma membrane found in the ciliary pocket (also called flagellar pocket).
Vacuole within a parasite used for digestion of the host cell cytoplasm. An example of this component is found in the Apicomplexa.
An electron-dense acidic membrane-bounded organelle which contains a matrix of pyrophosphate and polyphosphates with bound calcium and other cations.
A sub-structure within the large single mitochondrion of kinetoplastid parasites and which is closely associated with the flagellar pocket and basal body of the flagellum.
Singlet microtubule that lie underneath the inner membrane pellicle complex and emanate from the basal ring of the conoid.
Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix found throughout the merozoite life cycle stage of apicomplexan parasites; contains proteins destined to be secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole following parasite invasion of a host cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemoglobin, including its uptake and utilization.
The directed movement of hemoglobin into a cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Protrusion that develops in the plasma membrane of a parasitized erythrocyte. An example of this component is found in Plasmodium species.
An electron dense ring at the most anterior position of the apical complex, from which the conoid fibers originate; formed during an invasive life cycle stage of an apicomplexan parasite.
An electron dense ring at the most posterior position of the apical complex, from which the subpellicular microtubules originate; formed during an invasive life cycle stage of an apicomplexan parasite.
Any process involved in the biological strategy of changing antigenic determinants on the surface that are exposed to another organism's immune system.
adhesion of symbiont to microvasculature
The adherence of symbiont-infected erythrocytes to microvascular endothelium via symbiont proteins embedded in the membrane of the erythrocyte.
cytoadherence to microvasculature, mediated by parasite protein
cytoadherence to microvasculature, mediated by symbiont protein
heterophilic cell adhesion involved in cytoadherence to microvasculature, mediated by parasite protein
parasite-protein-mediated cytoadherence to microvasculature
symbiont-protein-mediated cytoadherence to microvasculature
A disk-like structure that appears at the periphery of a red blood cell infected by an apicomplexan parasite, characterized by a translucent lumen and an electron-dense coat of variable thickness; often appears to be tethered to the host cell membrane by fibrous connections with the erythrocyte cytoskeleton.
Binding to a heme, a compound composed of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.
A mechanically stable cytoskeletal structure associated with the cytoplasmic face of the pellicle and surrounding the microtubule-based cytoskeleton.
The structure enclosing certain parasite cells such as certain apicomplexa and Euglenozoa; consists of the cell membrane with its associated infrastructure of microtubules, microfilaments and other organelles.
The formation of the prechordal plate. The prechordal plate is a thickening of the endoderm at the cranial end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells. The prechordal plate and the notochord induce the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells.
The process in which the lateral borders of the neural plate begin to migrate upwards to form the neural folds, caused by the proliferation of the underlying mesoderm.
The morphogenesis of the neural fold elevations that results in the movement of the tips of the elevations towards each other in order to fuse.
The formation of the median and lateral hinge points in the neural folds. These are created by apical constriction and basal expansion of the underlying neural cells. The median hinge point extends for the entire length of the neural tube, and the lateral hinge points do not form in the spinal cord region of the neural tube.
The process of folding the neuroepithelium around the medial hinge point to create the neural elevations, and around the lateral hinge points to produce convergence of the folds.
The joining together of the neural folds of the rostral opening of the neural tube. The anterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete.
The joining together of the neural folds of the caudal opening of the neural tube. The posterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete.
The formation of a ventral region of glial cells in the neural tube that provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types. The floor plate is evident at the ventral midline by the neural fold stage.
The formation of a single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues.
The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth and establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.
spinal cord anterior/posterior patterning
The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.
spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning
The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random dorsal-ventral spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.
ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation
The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of ventral spinal cord interneurons. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output.
spinal cord commissural neuron specification
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a commissural neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
spinal cord association neuron specification
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an association neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
ventral spinal cord interneuron specification
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
spinal cord motor neuron differentiation
The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of motor neurons. Motor neurons innervate an effector (muscle or glandular) tissue and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of somatic motor neurons. Somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of visceral motor neurons. Visceral motor neurons innervate glandular targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
lateral motor column neuron differentiation
The process in which differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of lateral motor column neurons. Lateral motor column neurons are generated only on limb levels and send axons into the limb mesenchyme. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
medial motor column neuron differentiation
The process in which differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of medial motor column neurons. Medial motor column neurons are generated at all rostrocaudal levels and send axons to the axial muscles (medial group) and to the body wall muscles (lateral group). Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
spinal cord association neuron differentiation
The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of association neurons. Association neurons are cells located in the dorsal portion of the spinal cord that integrate sensory input. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation
commissural neuron differentiation in spinal cord
The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of commissural neurons. Commissural neurons in both vertebrates and invertebrates transfer information from one side of their bodies to the other through the midline. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell differentiation
The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes are non-neuronal cells. The primary function of oligodendrocytes is the myelination of nerve axons in the central nervous system. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell fate specification
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
spinal cord radial glial cell differentiation
The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of radial glial cells. Radial cell precursors differentiate into both neuronal cell types and mature radial glial cells. Mature radial glial cells regulate the axon growth and pathfinding processes that occur during white matter patterning of the developing spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
radial glial cell differentiation in spinal cord
The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth that establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the neural tube.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cells of the hindbrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain.
The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the hindbrain.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the diencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the telencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The telencephalon is the paired anteriolateral division of the prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived.
The progression of the epithalamus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The epithalamus is the small dorsomedial area of the thalamus including the habenular nuclei and associated fiber bundles, the pineal body, and the epithelial roof of the third ventricle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subthalamus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subthalamus is the anterior part of the diencephalon that lies between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon, including subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, the fields of Forel, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the corpus callosum are generated and organized. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provides communications between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ammon gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ammon gyrus, often subdivided into the CA1 and CA3 regions, is one of the two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus that is rich in large pyramidal neurons.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pallium is the roof region of the telencephalon.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subpallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cranial nerves over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rhombomere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.
The regionalization process that gives rise to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
midbrain-hindbrain boundary biosynthesis
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pons over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. In mice, the cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medulla oblongata over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the central nervous system is generated and organized. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
midbrain-hindbrain boundary structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
midbrain-hindbrain boundary structural organisation
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the olfactory nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.
midbrain-hindbrain boundary morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structure of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary is generated and organized. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
The process that gives rise to the central nervous system. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oculomotor nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the abducens nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the facial nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives off nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibulocochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.
Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the accessory nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 1 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 2 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 3 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 4 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 5 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 6 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 7 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 8 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the hindbrain is generated and organized. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.
The process that gives rise to the hindbrain. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hindbrain. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hindbrain to attain its fully functional state. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the medulla oblongata is generated and organized. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.
The process that gives rise to the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.
medulla oblongata structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.
medulla oblongata structural organisation
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the medulla oblongata to attain its fully functional state. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the pons is generated and organized. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.
The process that gives rise to the pons. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the pons. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the pons to attain its fully functional state. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellum is generated and organized. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
The process that gives rise to the cerebellum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellum. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellum to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain ventricular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The brain ventricular system consists of four communicating cavities within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. These cavities include two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle and the fourth ventricle. Cerebrospinal fluid fills the ventricles and is produced by the choroid plexus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fourth ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fourth ventricle is an irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the rhombomere is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.
The process that gives rise to the rhombomere. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the rhombomere structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.
central nervous system structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the central nervous system structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
central nervous system structural organisation
The process in which the anatomical structure of the abducens nerve is generated and organized. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.
The process that gives rise to the abducens nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the abducens nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the abducens nerve to attain its fully functional state. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.
The process that gives rise to the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial nerve to attain its fully functional state. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the accessory nerve to attain its fully functional state. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the accessory nerve is generated and organized. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.
The process that gives rise to the accessory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the accessory nerve This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the facial nerve is generated and organized. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.
The process that gives rise to the facial nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the facial nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the facial nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the glossopharyngeal nerve to attain its fully functional state. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the glossopharyngeal nerve is generated and organized. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.
The process that gives rise to the glossopharyngeal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.
glossopharyngeal nerve structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the glossopharyngeal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.
glossopharyngeal nerve structural organisation
The process in which the anatomical structure of the hypoglossal nerve is generated and organized. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hypoglossal nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
The process that gives rise to the hypoglossal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
hypoglossal nerve structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hypoglossal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
hypoglossal nerve structural organisation
The process in which the anatomical structure of the oculomotor nerve is generated and organized. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.
The process that gives rise to the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.
oculomotor nerve structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.
oculomotor nerve structural organisation
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the oculomotor nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the central nervous system to attain its fully functional state. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the olfactory nerve is generated and organized. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.
The process that gives rise to the olfactory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the olfactory nerve to attain its fully functional state. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the optic nerve is generated and organized. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the optic nerve to attain its fully functional state. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the optic nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.
The process that gives rise to the optic nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trigeminal nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the trigeminal nerve is generated and organized. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
trigeminal nerve structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
trigeminal nerve structural organisation
The process that gives rise to the trigeminal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the trochlear nerve is generated and organized. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the trochlear nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.
The process that gives rise to the trochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vagus nerve to attain its fully functional state. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.
The process that gives rise to the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vestibulocochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the vestibulocochlear nerve is generated and organized. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.
vestibulocochlear nerve structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the vestibulocochlear nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.
vestibulocochlear nerve structural organisation
The process that gives rise to the vestibulocochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.
The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 1 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
The process that gives rise to rhombomere 1. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 1. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
The process that gives rise to a rhombomere boundary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a boundary delimiting a rhombomere. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon that are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 2 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 2. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
The process that gives rise to rhombomere 2. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 3 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 3. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
The process that gives rise to rhombomere 3. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 4 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
The process that gives rise to rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process in which the anatomical structures of rhombomere 5 are generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 5. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
The process that gives rise to rhombomere 5. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 6 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 6. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
The process that gives rise to rhombomere 6. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral ventricles over time, from the formation to the mature structure. The two lateral ventricles are a cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle.
The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 7 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
The process that gives rise to rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 8 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 8. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
The process that gives rise to rhombomere 8. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the third ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The third ventricle is the narrow cleft inferior to the corpus callosum, within the diencephalon, between the paired thalami. Its floor is formed by the hypothalamus, its anterior wall by the lamina terminalis, and its roof by ependyma, and it communicates with the fourth ventricle by the cerebral aqueduct, and with the lateral ventricles by the interventricular foramina.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar molecular layer nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.
cerebellar Purkinje cell layer development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar granule layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nerve to attain its fully functional state.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar granular layer is generated and organized. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.
The process that gives rise to the cerebellar granule layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.
cerebellar granular layer structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar granule layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.
cerebellar granular layer structural organisation
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar granular layer to attain its fully functional state. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.
cerebellar molecular layer morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar molecular layer is generated and organized. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.
The process that gives rise to the cerebellar molecular layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.
cerebellar molecular layer structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar molecular layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.
cerebellar molecular layer structural organisation
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar molecular layer to attain its fully functional state. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.
cerebellar Purkinje cell layer maturation
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer to attain its fully functional state. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
cerebellar Purkinje cell layer morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer is generated and organized. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
cerebellar Purkinje cell layer structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
cerebellar Purkinje cell layer structural organisation
cerebellar Purkinje cell layer formation
The process that gives rise to the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
The process that gives rise to the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
cerebellar cortex structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
cerebellar cortex structural organisation
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar cortex to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state.
The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar Golgi cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Golgi cell fate. A cerebellar Golgi cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation
The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar Purkinje cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Purkinje cell fate. A Purkinje cell is an inhibitory GABAergic neuron found in the cerebellar cortex that projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei and brain stem.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the locus ceruleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the locus ceruleus is generated and organized. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.
The process that gives rise to the locus ceruleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the locus ceruleus to attain its fully functional state. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.
The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar granule cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a granule cell fate. A granule cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature Lugaro cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Lugaro cell fate. A Lugaro cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar basket cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a cerebellar basket cell fate. A cerebellar basket cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
cerebellar stellate cell differentiation
The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar stellate cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a cerebellar stellate cell fate. A cerebellar stellate cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
cerebellar unipolar brush cell differentiation
The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature unipolar brush cell in the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a unipolar brush cell fate. A unipolar brush cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature candelabrum cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a candelabrum cell fate. A candelabrum cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior olivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the inferior olivary nucleus is generated and organized. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.
The process that gives rise to the inferior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.
inferior olivary nucleus structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the inferior olivary nucleus structure. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.
inferior olivary nucleus structural organisation
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the inferior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior olivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the superior olivary nucleus is generated and organized. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.
The process that gives rise to the superior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.
superior olivary nucleus structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the superior olivary nucleus structure. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.
superior olivary nucleus structural organisation
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the superior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.
medullary reticular formation development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medullary reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medullary reticular formation is a series of brain nuclei located in the medulla oblongata.
rhombencephalic reticular formation development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior raphe nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior raphe nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral reticular nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
intermediate reticular formation development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
intermediate reticular nucleus development
inferior reticular formation development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
superior reticular formation development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal sensory nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal motor nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the globose nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the emboliform nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fastigial nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pontine nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal trigeminal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the abducens nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nucleus ambiguus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the solitary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibular nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the facial nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature eurydendroid cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a eurydendroid cell fate. A eurydendroid cell is an efferent neuron found in the cerebellar cortex of teleosts.
The progression of the striatum over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The striatum is a region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati.
The progression of the caudate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The caudate nucleus is the C-shaped structures of the striatum containing input neurons involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.
The progression of the putamen over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The putamen is the lens-shaped basal ganglion involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.
The progression of the globus pallidus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The globus pallidus is one of the basal ganglia involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.
The progression of the limbic system over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The limbic system is a collection of structures in the brain involved in emotion, motivation and emotional aspects of memory.
The progression of the substantia nigra over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The substantia nigra is the layer of gray substance that separates the posterior parts of the cerebral peduncles (tegmentum mesencephali) from the anterior parts; it normally includes a posterior compact part with many pigmented cells (pars compacta) and an anterior reticular part whose cells contain little pigment (pars reticularis).
The progression of the subthalamic nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The subthalamic nucleus is the lens-shaped nucleus located in the ventral part of the subthalamus on the inner aspect of the internal capsule that is concerned with the integration of somatic motor function.
The progression of the amygdala over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The amygdala is an almond-shaped set of neurons in the medial temporal lobe of the brain that play a key role in processing emotions such as fear and pleasure.
The progression of the cingulate gyrus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cingulate gyrus is a ridge in the cerebral cortex located dorsal to the corpus callosum.
The progression of the hippocampus over time from its initial formation until its mature state.
The progression of the mammillary body over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mammillary body is a protrusion at the posterior end of the hypothalamus that contains hypothalamic nuclei.
The progression of the nucleus accumbens over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The nucleus accumbens is a collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, in the region of the olfactory tubercle, lying between the head of the caudate nucleus and the anterior perforated substance. It is part of the ventral striatum, a composite structure considered part of the basal ganglia.
The progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The orbitofrontal cortex is a cerebral cortex region located in the frontal lobe.
The progression of the parahippocampal gyrus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The parahippocampal gyrus is a ridge in the cerebral cortex.
The progression of the lateral geniculate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary processor of visual information received from the retina.
The progression of the olfactory bulb over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory bulb coordinates neuronal signaling involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the sensory neurons and outputs to the olfactory cortex.
striatal medium spiny neuron differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a medium spiny neuron residing in the striatum.
medium-sized spiny neuron differentiation
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a retinoic acid receptor in a precursor cell in the ventral spinal cord that contributes to the commitment of the precursor cell to an interneuron fate.
retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification
smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor smoothened in a precursor cell in the ventral spinal cord that contributes to the commitment of the precursor cell to an interneuron fate.
hedgehog signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification
hh signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification
smoothened signalling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification
smoothened signaling pathway involved in spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor smoothened in a precursor cell in the spinal cord that contributes to the process of a precursor cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
hedgehog signaling pathway involved in spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification
hh signaling pathway involved in spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification
smoothened signalling pathway involved in spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification
obsolete BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification
OBSOLETE. The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to its commitment to an association neuron fate.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an oligodendrocyte.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glial cell.
The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
preganglionic parasympathetic fiber development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a preganglionic parasympathetic fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A preganglionic parasympathetic fiber is a cholinergic axonal fiber projecting from the CNS to a parasympathetic ganglion.
postganglionic parasympathetic fiber development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the postganglionic portion of the parasympathetic fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parasympathetic fiber is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia.
The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
special visceral motor neuron axon guidance
branchiomotor neuron axon guidance in neural tube
The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
chemorepulsion of branchiomotor neuron axon in neural tube
The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
negative chemotaxis of branchiomotor neuron axon in neural tube
chemoattraction of branchiomotor neuron axon in neural tube
The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube in response to an attractive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
positive chemotaxis of branchiomotor neuron axon in neural tube
branchiomotor neuron axon guidance in branchial arch mesenchyme
The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
chemorepulsion of branchiomotor neuron axon in branchial arch mesenchyme
The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
negative chemotaxis of branchiomotor neuron axon in branchial arch mesenchyme
chemoattraction of branchiomotor neuron axon in branchial arch mesenchyme
The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme in response to an attractive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
positive chemotaxis of branchiomotor neuron axon in branchial arch mesenchyme
The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
positive chemotaxis of branchiomotor axon
The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
negative chemotaxis of branchiomotor axon
The process in which the thalamus changes over time, from its initial formation to its mature state.
The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the cerebral cortex.
The regionalization process that results in the creation of areas within the cerebral cortex that will direct the behavior of cell migration and differentiation as the cortex develops.
forebrain anterior/posterior pattern specification
The creation of specific areas of progenitor domains along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing forebrain.
forebrain anterior-posterior pattern specification
forebrain dorsal/ventral pattern formation
The formation of specific regional progenitor domains along the dorsal-ventral axis in the developing forebrain.
forebrain dorsal-ventral pattern formation
forebrain dorsoventral pattern formation
cerebral cortex radially oriented cell migration
The migration of cells in the developing cerebral cortex in which cells move from the ventricular and/or subventricular zone toward the surface of the brain.
The migration of cells in the cerebral cortex in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration.
cerebral cortex radial glia-guided migration
The radial migration of neuronal or glial precursor cells along radial glial cells during the development of the cerebral cortex.
cerebral cortex radial glia-dependent cell migration
cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
The radial migration of cells from the ventricular zone that is independent of radial glial cells. Cells extend processes that terminate at the pial surface and follow the processes as they migrate.
extension of leading cell process to pial surface
The extension of a long process to the pial surface as a cell leaves the ventricular zone.
negative regulation of cell adhesion in ventricular zone
The process that results in the loss of attachments of a cell in the ventricular zone.
downregulation of cell adhesion in ventricular zone
down regulation of cell adhesion in ventricular zone
down-regulation of cell adhesion in ventricular zone
inhibition of cell adhesion in ventricular zone
cell movement involved in somal translocation
The movement of a cell body from the ventricular zone to the pial surface with a concomitant shortening of the process that extends to the pial surface.
cell motility involved in somal translocation
initiation of movement involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
The initial stages of cell motility involved in the glial-mediated movement of cells in the developing cerebral cortex.
initiation of movement involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
motogenic signaling initiating cell movement in cerebral cortex
The interaction of soluble factors and receptors that result in the movement of cells in the primitive cerebral cortex.
motogenic signalling initiating cell movement in the cerebral cortex
cytosolic calcium signaling involved in initiation of cell movement in glial-mediated radial cell migration
The process that results in the fluctuations in intracellular calcium that are responsible for the initiation of movement as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.
cytosolic calcium signalling involved in the initiation of cell movement in glial-mediated radial cell migration
neurotrophic factor signaling initiating cell movement, involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
Signaling between members of the neurotrophin family and their receptors that result in the start of cell motility as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.
neurotrophic factor signalling initiating cell movement, involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
neurotransmitter signaling initiating cell movement, involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
Signaling by neurotransmitters and their receptors that results in the initiation of movement of cells as a component of the process of glial-mediated radial migration.
neurotransmitter signalling initiating cell movement, involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
growth factor signaling initiating cell movement involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
Signaling between growth factors and their receptors that results in the start of cell movement, where this process is involved in glial-mediated radial migration in the cerebral cortex.
growth factor signaling initiating cell movement involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
growth factor signalling initiating cell movement involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
neuronal-glial interaction involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
The changes in adhesion between neuronal cells and glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.
neuronal-glial interaction involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
cell-cell adhesion involved in neuronal-glial interactions involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
The interaction between two cells that modulates the association of a neuronal cell and a glial cell involved in glial-mediated radial cell migration in the cerebral cortex.
cell-cell adhesion involved in neuronal-glial interactions involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
cell motility involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
The movement of a cell along the process of a radial glial cell involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.
cell locomotion involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
cell locomotion involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
modulation of microtubule cytoskeleton involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
Rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton that contribute to the movement of cells along radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.
modulation of microtubule cytoskeleton involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
extension of a leading process involved in cell motility in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
The rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton that result in the extension of a leading process, where this process is involved in the movement of cells along radial glial cells.
nucleokinesis involved in cell motility in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
The microtubule-mediated movement of the nucleus that is required for the movement of cells along radial glial fibers as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.
nucleokinesis involved in cell locomotion in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
nucleokinesis involved in cell locomotion in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
modulation of the microfilament cytoskeleton involved in cell locomotion in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
The changes in the actin cytoskeleton that are necessary for the movement of cells along radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.
modulation of the microfilament cytoskeleton involved in cell locomotion in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
The detachment of cells from radial glial fibers at the appropriate time when they cease to migrate and form distinct layer in the cerebral cortex.
extracellular matrix organization in marginal zone involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
The process that leads to the deposition of extracellular matrix signals in the marginal zone of the developing cerebral cortex. This extracellular matrix controls the movement of migrating cells. In mammals, the matrix is modified by Cajal-Retzius cells.
extracellular matrix organisation in marginal zone involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
organization of extracellular matrix in the marginal zone involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
negative regulation of cell-glial cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex lamination
The process that results in the release of migrating cells from their interaction with radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.
downregulation of cell-glial cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex lamination
down regulation of cell-glial cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex lamination
down-regulation of cell-glial cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex lamination
inhibition of cell-glial cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex lamination
negative regulation of cell motility involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
The intracellular signaling pathway that results in the cessation of cell movement involved in lamination of the cerebral cortex.
downregulation of cell locomotion involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration
down regulation of cell locomotion involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration
down-regulation of cell locomotion involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration
inhibition of cell locomotion involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration
negative regulation of cell locomotion involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
negative regulation of cell locomotion involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-cell interactions
The process in which neurons interact with each other to promote migration along a tangential plane.
cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-axon interactions
The movement of cerebral cortex neuronal precursors tangentially through the cortex using interaction of the migrating cells with axons of other neurons.
substrate-dependent cerebral cortex tangential migration
The process where neuronal precursors migrate tangentially in the cerebral cortex, primarily guided through physical cell-cell interactions.
substrate-independent telencephalic tangential migration
The process where neuronal precursors migrate tangentially in the telencephalon, primarily guided by interactions that do not require cell-cell contact.
postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration
The migration of olfactory bulb interneuron precursors in the cerebral cortex that occurs after birth.
gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuronal migration to the hypothalamus
The directional movement of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone producing neuron from the nasal placode to the hypothalamus.
gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal migration to the hypothalamus
oligodendrocyte cell migration from the subpallium to the cortex
The directed movement of oligodendrocytes from the subpallium to the cerebral cortex during forebrain development.
interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex
The directed movement of interneurons from the subpallium to the cortex during forebrain development.
embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration
The directed movement of individual interneuron precursors during the embryonic development of the olfactory bulb.
cell-cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-cell interactions
The attachment of cells to one another to form groups of cells involved in cerebral cortex tangential migration.
cell-matrix adhesion involved in tangential migration using cell-cell interactions
The interaction of a cell and the extracellular matrix involved in the directed tangential movement of cells mediated by cell-cell interactions in the developing cerebral cortex.
chemorepulsion involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration
The creation and reception of signals that guide olfactory bulb interneuron precursors down concentration gradients towards the olfactory bulb.
negative chemotaxis involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration
chemoattraction involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration
The creation and reception of signals that result in the migration of interneuron precursors up a concentration gradient towards the olfactory bulb.
positive chemotaxis involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration
chemorepulsion involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration
The creation and reception of signals that repel olfactory bulb interneurons from the subventricular zone as a component process in tangential migration.
negative chemotaxis involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration
motogenic signaling involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration
The signaling that results in the stimulation of cell movement in the rostral migratory stream.
motogenic signalling involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration
motogenic signaling involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex
The creation and reception of signals that result in the directional movement of interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cortex.
motogenic signalling involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex
interneuron-substratum interaction involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex
The process in which migrating interneurons interact with an external substratum as a component of migration from the subpallium to the cortex.
directional guidance of interneurons involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex
The creation and reception of signals that control the direction of migration of interneurons as a component of the process of migration from the subpallium to the cortex.
chemoattraction involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex
The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons toward the signal, where this process is involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex.
positive chemotaxis involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex
chemorepulsion involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex
The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons away from the signal during migration from the subpallium to the cortex.
negative chemotaxis involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex
substrate-independent telencephalic tangential interneuron migration
The directional movement of tangentially migrating interneurons that are not guided by attaching to extracellular substrates.
interneuron sorting involved in substrate-independent cerebral cortex tangential migration
The establishment and response to guidance cues that distribute interneurons to different cerebral cortex structures.
neurotransmitter-mediated guidance of interneurons involved in substrate-independent cerebral cortex tangential migration
The response of migrating interneurons to neurotransmitters that alter electrical activity in cells in calcium dependent manner.
The creation of greater cell numbers in the forebrain due to cell division of progenitor cells.
The proliferation of neuroblasts in the ventricular zone of the cerebral cortex. The neuronal progenitors of these cells will migrate radially.
The division of neuroblasts in the subpallium area of the forebrain. The interneuron precursors that these cells give rise to include GABAergic interneurons and will migrate tangentially.
neuroblast division in the ventral telencephalon
neuroblast division in subventricular zone
The division of neuroblasts in the subventricular zone of the forebrain. The interneuron precursors that these cells give rise to include adult olfactory bulb interneurons and migrate tangentially.
The division of glioblasts in the subpallium. These cells will give rise to oligodendrocytes.
glioblast division in ventral telencephalon
neuroblast division in dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence
The division of neuroblasts in the dorsal region of the lateral ganglionic eminence. These cells give rise to embryonic interneuron precursors that will migrate tangentially to the olfactory bulb.
pyramidal neuron migration to cerebral cortex
The migration of a pyramidal neuron precursor from the ventricular zone to the correct layer of the cerebral cortex.
cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration
The migration of GABAergic interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cerebral cortex.
The progression of the hypothalamus region of the forebrain, from its initial formation to its mature state.
The directed movement of a cell into the hypothalamus region of the forebrain.
hypothalamic tangential migration using cell-axon interactions
The movement of a hypothalamic neuronal precursor tangentially through the forebrain using an interaction of the migrating cells with axons of other neurons.
GABAergic neuron differentiation in basal ganglia
The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a GABAergic inhibitory neuron in the basal ganglia. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a GABAergic neuron.
The process in which a neuroblast or one of its progeny commits to a pyramidal neuron fate, migrates from the ventricular zone to the appropriate layer in the cortex and develops into a mature neuron.
The progression of a pyramidal neuron from its initial formation to its mature state.
forebrain radial glial cell differentiation
The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the forebrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
radial glial cell differentiation in forebrain
early neuron differentiation in forebrain
The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of neurons. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of basal progenitor cells, neuroblasts that lose their contacts with the ventricular surface. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
abventricular progenitor cell differentiation
intermediate progenitor cell differentiation
non-surface dividing progenitor cell differentiation
obsolete radial glial cell division in forebrain
OBSOLETE. The mitotic division of radial glial cells in the developing forebrain.
obsolete symmetric radial glial cell division in forebrain
OBSOLETE. The mitotic division of a radial glial cell giving rise to two new radial glial cells in the forebrain.
obsolete asymmetric radial glial cell division in forebrain
OBSOLETE. The mitotic cell division of a radial glial cell giving rise to a radial glial cell and another cell type.
obsolete neuron-producing asymmetric radial glial cell division in forebrain
OBSOLETE. The unequal mitotic division of a radial glial cell in the forebrain that gives rise to a radial glial cell and a post-mitotic neuronal progenitor.
obsolete ventricular zone cell-producing asymmetric radial glial cell division in forebrain
OBSOLETE. The unequal mitotic division of a forebrain radial glial cell that gives rise to a radial glial cell and a ventricular zone cell.
forebrain ventricular zone progenitor cell division
The mitotic division of a basal progenitor giving rise to two neurons.
The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Cajal-Retzius cell, one of a transient population of pioneering neurons in the cerebral cortex. These cells are slender bipolar cells of the developing marginal zone. One feature of these cells in mammals is that they express the Reelin gene.
The regionalization process resulting in the creation of areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the forebrain develops.
The process in which nerve cells are generated in the forebrain. This includes the production of neuroblasts from and their differentiation into neurons.
The division of a neuroblast located in the forebrain. Neuroblast division gives rise to at least another neuroblast.
Wnt signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.
Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division
Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division
Wnt receptor signalling pathway in forebrain neuroblast division
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway in forebrain neuroblast division
Notch signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.
Notch signalling pathway in forebrain neuroblast division
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron that resides in the forebrain.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.
Notch signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
Notch signalling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to aneuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
obsolete cell cycle arrest of committed forebrain neuronal progenitor cell
OBSOLETE. The process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M) in a cell that has been committed to become a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron that resides in the forebrain, from its initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another at least one of which is located in the forebrain.
hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron located in the hypothalamus. These neurons release gonadotrophin-releasing hormone as a neural transmitter.
hypothalamus gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron differentiation
hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a hypothalamus neuron that releases gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
hypothalamus gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron fate commitment
hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron over time, from initial commitment of its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
hypothalamus gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron development
olfactory bulb interneuron differentiation
The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized features of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb.
olfactory bulb interneuron fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a neuroblast becomes restricted such that it will develop into an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb, from its initial commitment, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a GABAergic interneuron residing in the cerebral cortex.
cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a neuroblast becomes restricted such that it will develop into a GABAergic interneuron residing in the cerebral cortex.
cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron over time, from initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron residing in the cerebral cortex.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte residing in the forebrain. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.
The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain, from initial commitment of the cell to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.
commitment of multipotent stem cells to neuronal lineage in forebrain
The initial commitment of cells whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into some type of neuron in the forebrain.
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
The commitment of neuroblast to become a basal progenitor cell. Basal progenitor cells are neuronal precursor cells that are committed to becoming neurons.
early neuron fate commitment in forebrain
The commitment of neuroepithelial cell to become a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.
commitment of neuronal cell to specific neuron type in forebrain
The commitment of neuronal precursor cells to become specialized types of neurons in the forebrain.
The process in which the neural tube is divided into specific regions along the rostrocaudal axis.
anterior-posterior neural tube patterning
The process in which the neural tube is regionalized in the dorsoventral axis.
The process whose specific outcome is the creation of the forebrain-midbrain boundary.
hindbrain-spinal cord boundary formation
The process whose specific outcome is the formation of the hindbrain-spinal cord boundary.
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in spinal cord anterior/posterior pattern formation
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway in spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in spinal cord anterior/posterior pattern formation
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.
retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway in spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.
smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened that results in the spatial identity of regions along the dorsal-ventral axis of the spinal cord.
hedgehog signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning
hh signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning
smoothened signalling pathway in ventral spinal cord patterning
retinoic acid metabolic process in spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the synthesis and degradation of retionic acid that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.
retinoic acid metabolism in spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spinal cord motor neuron fate specification
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results the commitment of a cell to become a motor neuron in the ventral spinal cord.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results in the commitment of a cell to become an interneuron in the ventral spinal cord.
negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling that is involved in the patterns of cell differentiation in the ventral spinal cord.
downregulation of smoothened signaling pathway in ventral spinal cord patterning
down regulation of smoothened signaling pathway in ventral spinal cord patterning
down-regulation of smoothened signaling pathway in ventral spinal cord patterning
inhibition of smoothened signaling pathway in ventral spinal cord patterning
negative regulation of hedgehog signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning
negative regulation of hh signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning
negative regulation of smoothened signalling pathway in ventral spinal cord patterning
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium.
inductive cell-cell signaling between paraxial mesoderm and motor neuron precursors
Short range signaling between cells of the paraxial mesoderm and motor neuron precursors in the spinal cord that specifies the fate of the motor column neuron precursors along the anterior-posterior axis.
inductive cell-cell signalling between paraxial mesoderm and motor neuron precursors
The commitment of unspecified motor neurons to specific motor neuron cell along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord and their capacity to differentiate into specific motor neurons.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in somatic motor neuron fate commitment
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of spinal cord motor neurons to specific motor neuron types along the anterior-posterior axis.
BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the spatial identity of regions along the dorsal-ventral axis of the spinal cord.
BMP signaling pathway in spinal cord dorsoventral patterning
BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord dorsal-ventral patterning
BMP signalling pathway involved in spinal cord dorsal-ventral patterning
bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway in spinal cord dorsal-ventral patterning
bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway involved in spinal cord dorsal-ventral patterning
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spinal cord association neuron specification
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of neuronal precursors to association neurons in the dorsal spinal cord.
regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the dorsal spinal cord.
Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of a cell in the dorsal spinal cord that affects the rate of its division.
Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
cell proliferation in hindbrain ventricular zone
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain region that is adjacent to the ventricular cavity.
cell proliferation in external granule layer
The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the external granule layer of the hindbrain. The external granule layer is the layer that originates from the rostral half of the rhombic lip in the first rhombomere.
cerebellar Purkinje cell precursor proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to Purkinje cells. A Purkinje cell is an inhibitory GABAergic neuron found in the cerebellar cortex that projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei and brain stem.
The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to Golgi cells. A Golgi cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
deep nuclear neuron precursor proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to deep nuclear neurons.
The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to basket cells. A cerebellar basket cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to stellate cells. A cerebellar stellate cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to granule cells. A granule cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
rostral hindbrain neuronal precursor cell proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to neurons of the lateral pontine nucleus and the locus ceruleus.
hindbrain radial glia guided cell migration
The radially directed movement of a cell along radial glial cells in the hindbrain. Radial migration refers to a directed movement from the internal ventricular area to the outer surface of the hindbrain.
radial glia guided migration of cerebellar granule cell
The inward migration of postmitotic granule cells along a radial glial cell from the external granule layer to the internal granule cell layer.
The migration of a cell in the hindbrain in which cells move orthogonal to the direction of radial migration.
cerebellar granule cell precursor tangential migration
The early migration of granule cell precursors in which cells move orthogonal to the direction of radial migration and ultimately cover the superficial zone of the cerebellar primordium.
regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation
The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.
cerebellar Purkinje cell-granule cell precursor cell signaling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor cell proliferation
The process that mediates the transfer of information from Purkinje cells to granule cell precursors resulting in an increase in rate of granule cell precursor cell proliferation.
Purkinje cell-granule cell precursor cell signalling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor cell proliferation
smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor cell proliferation
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened in cerebellar granule cells that contributes to the regulation of proliferation of the cells.
hedgehog signaling pathway involved in regulation of granule cell precursor cell proliferation
hh signaling pathway involved in regulation of granule cell precursor cell proliferation
smoothened signalling pathway in regulation of granule cell precursor cell proliferation
extracellular matrix-granule cell signaling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
The process that mediates the transfer of information from the extracellular matrix to granule cell precursors resulting in a decrease in rate of granule cell precursor cell proliferation.
extracellular matrix-granule cell signalling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
positive regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation
The process that activates or increases the rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.
activation of granule cell precursor proliferation
stimulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
upregulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
up regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
up-regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
negative regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation
The process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.
downregulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
down regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
down-regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
inhibition of granule cell precursor proliferation
radial glia guided migration of Purkinje cell
The migration of postmitotic a Purkinje cell along radial glial cells from the ventricular zone to the Purkinje cell layer.
The formation of scaffolds from a radial glial cell. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.
neuronal-glial interaction involved in hindbrain glial-mediated radial cell migration
The changes in adhesion between a neuronal cell and a glial cell as a component of the process of hindbrain glial-mediated radial cell migration.
positive regulation of cerebellar granule cell migration by calcium
The process that increases the extent of granule cell motility using intracellular calcium signaling mechanisms during radial migration.
calcium-mediated activation of granule cell migration
calcium-mediated positive regulation of granule cell migration
calcium-mediated stimulation of granule cell migration
calcium-mediated upregulation of granule cell migration
calcium-mediated up regulation of granule cell migration
calcium-mediated up-regulation of granule cell migration
The directed movement of a deep nuclear neuron from the ventricular zone to the deep hindbrain nuclei.
outward migration of deep nuclear neurons
The directed movement of a deep nuclear neuron from their ventrolateral origin to a rostrodorsal region of the cerebellar plate.
inward migration of deep nuclear neurons
The directed movement of a deep nuclear neuron from the rostrodorsal region of the cerebellar plate to their final more ventral position.
brainstem precerebellar neuron precursor migration
The early migration of a precerebellar neuronal precursor in which a cell move from the rhombic lip, orthogonal to the direction of radial migration and ultimately reside in the brainstem.
chemorepulsion involved in precerebellar neuron migration
The creation and reception of signals that repel a precerebellar neuron as a component of the process of tangential migration.
negative chemotaxis involved in precerebellar neuron migration
chemoattraction involved in precerebellar neuron migration
The creation and reception of signals that guide a precerebellar neuron towards their signals, where this process is involved in tangential migration.
positive chemotaxis involved in precerebellar neuron migration
central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesis
Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells in a different central nervous system region.
central nervous system axon tract development
central nervous system neuron differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system.
central nervous system neuron development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.
central nervous system neuron axonogenesis
Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. The process carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.
central nervous system interneuron axonogenesis
Generation of a long process that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells from a neuron located in the central nervous system whose axons remain within a single brain region.
Generation of a long process of a pyramidal cell, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in cerebral cortex layer V towards target cells in the gray matter of the spinal cord. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the corticospinal tract.
Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the dorsal root ganglion towards target cells in the medulla. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the gracilis tract, a group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the lower trunk and lower limb.
Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the dorsal root ganglion towards target cells in the medulla. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the cuneatus tract, a group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the upper trunk and upper limb.
Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in one half of the cerebral cortex towards target cells in the contralateral half. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the anterior commissure, a small midline fiber tract that lies at the anterior end of the corpus callosum.
Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the midbrain towards target cells in the diencephalon.
Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the vestibular nucleus of the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord.
Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the spinothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive signaling.
dorsolateral tract of Lissauer morphogenesis
Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the red nucleus of the midbrain towards target cells in the spinal cord.
spinal cord ventral commissure morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the spinal cord ventral commissure are generated and organized.
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a neuron that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed from the cerebral cortex layer V to the spinal cord dorsal funiculus in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the cerebral cortex
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed from its cell body in layer V through the cerebral cortex in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
corticospinal neuron axon pathfinding through the cerebral cortex
corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the internal capsule
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the cerebral cortex through the internal capsule in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
corticospinal neuron axon pathfinding through the internal capsule
corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the cerebral peduncle
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the internal capsule through the cerebral peduncle in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
corticospinal neuron axon pathfinding through the cerebral peduncle
corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the basilar pons
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the cerebral peduncle through the basilar pons in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
corticospinal neuron axon pathfinding through the basilar pons
corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the medullary pyramid
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the basilar pons through the medullary pyramid in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
corticospinal neuron axon pathfinding through the medullary pyramid
corticospinal neuron axon guidance through spinal cord
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after decussation through the spinal cord in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
corticospinal neuron axon pathfinding through spinal cord
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed to cross the midline to the contralateral side.
Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the trigeminothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive and temperature signaling from the face.
Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord.
medulla reticulospinal tract morphogenesis
Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the medulla towards target cells in the spinal cord.
Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the superior colliculus of the midbrain towards target cells in the ventral spinal cord.
The regionalization process that creates areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the telencephalon develops.
The differentiation of cells that will contribute to the structure and function of the hypothalamus.
The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the subpallium.
The migration of cells in the developing subpallium in which cells move from the ventricular and/or subventricular zone toward the surface of the brain.
The progression of the pineal gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pineal gland is an endocrine gland that secretes melatonin and is involved in circadian rhythms.
The progression of the pituitary gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.
The progression of the adenohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.
The progression of the neurohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.
The progression of the habenula over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The habenula is the group of nuclei that makes up the stalk of the pineal gland.
The progression of the cerebral cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cerebral cortex is the outer layered region of the telencephalon.
The progression of the olfactory lobe over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory lobe is the area of the brain that process the neural inputs for the sense of smell.
The progression of the olfactory cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory cortex is involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the olfactory bulb and is responsible for the identification of odors.
The formation of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system.
The process of apical-basal elongation of individual ectodermal cells during the formation of the neural placode.
cell proliferation involved in neural plate elongation
The process of expansion of cell numbers in the neural plate due to cell division of progenitor cells preferentially in the rostrocaudal direction, resulting in the elongation of the tissue.
The process in which closure points are established at multiple points and along the neural rostrocaudal axis.
The process in which the neural folds are fused extending from the initial closure points.
The process of joining together the neural folds at either end of the neural tube.
The process in which the anterior-most portion of the neural axis is formed by closure of the anterior neuropore.
The pattern specification process in which the axes of the nervous system are established.
neural plate mediolateral regionalization
The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random mediolateral spatial arrangement of the neural plate.
neural plate mediolateral pattern formation
neural plate anterior/posterior regionalization
The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the neural plate.
neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
forebrain induction by the anterior neural ridge
The close range interaction of the anterior neural ridge to the caudal region of the neural plate that specifies the forebrain fate.
negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which a cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate.
downregulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
down regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
down-regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
inhibition of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate by Wnt signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which a cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate, initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell.
negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate by Wnt-activated signaling pathway
negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate by Wnt receptor signaling pathway
Wnt receptor signaling involved in downregulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
Wnt receptor signaling involved in down regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
Wnt receptor signaling involved in down-regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
Wnt receptor signaling involved in inhibition of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
Wnt receptor signaling involved in negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
Wnt receptor signalling involved in negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate by fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate, generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
fgf receptor signaling involved in downregulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
fgf receptor signaling involved in down regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
fgf receptor signaling involved in down-regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
fgf receptor signaling involved in inhibition of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
fgf receptor signaling involved in negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
fgf receptor signalling involved in negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
midbrain-hindbrain boundary maturation during brain development
A developmental process occurring after the brain has been specified along the neural axis that is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
midbrain-hindbrain boundary maturation during neural plate development
A developmental process occurring before the brain has been specified along the neural axis that is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
midbrain-hindbrain boundary maturation involved in neural plate development
The formation of the narrow stripe of cells that lies between the prospective dorsal and ventral thalami. This boundary contains signals that pattern the prethalamic and thalamic territories of the future mid-diencephalon.
convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation
The process of directed cell movement in the neural plate resulting in tissue elongation via intercalation of adjacent cells in an epithelial sheet at the midline, leading to narrowing and lengthening of the neural plate.
Generation of cells within the nervous system.
The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes in the central nervous system. The capillary endothelial cells in the brain are specialized to form the blood-brain barrier.
The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.
myelination in peripheral nervous system
The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.
subpallium cell proliferation in forebrain
The multiplication or reproduction of subpallium cells in the forebrain, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
The multiplication or reproduction of pallium cells in the forebrain, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.
obsolete radial glial cell division in subpallium
OBSOLETE. The division of a radial glial cell in the subpallium. A radial glial cell is a precursor cell that gives rise to neurons and astrocytes.
The division of a radial glial cell in the pallium. A radial glial cell is a precursor cell that gives rise to neurons and astrocytes.
The division of a glioblast in the pallium. A glioblast is a dividing precursor cell that gives rise to glial cells.
The division of neuroblasts in the pallium. Neuroblasts are precursor cells that give rise to neurons.
lateral ganglionic eminence cell proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of lateral ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.
dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence cell proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.
medial ganglionic eminence cell proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of medial ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
caudal ganglionic eminence cell proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of caudal ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
The multiplication or reproduction of septal cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
radial glial cell fate commitment in forebrain
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a radial glial cell in the forebrain.
BMP signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
BMP signalling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of leukemia inhibitory factor to its receptor on the surface of the target cell, that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
leukemia inhibitory factor signalling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
epidermal growth factor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a epidermal growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
epidermal growth factor signalling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
The movement of the nucleus of the ventricular zone cell between the apical and the basal zone surfaces. Mitosis occurs when the nucleus is near the apical surface, that is, the lumen of the ventricle.
tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb
The migration of cells in the telencephalon from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration.
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another at least one of which is located in the telencephalon.
The orderly movement of glial cells through the telencephalon.
The orderly movement of an astrocyte cell through the telencephalon.
telencephalon oligodendrocyte cell migration
The multiplication or reproduction of telencephalon oligodendrocyte cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
The orderly movement of microglial cells through the telencephalon.
The multiplication or reproduction of rhombomere cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.
The movement of a cell within a rhombomere. This process is known to occur as an early step in the generation of anatomical structure from a rhombomere.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a rhombomere cell.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corpus callosum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provide communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
regulation of rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin-mediated signaling.
regulation of rhodopsin mediated signalling
negative adaptation of signaling pathway
The negative regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.
negative adaptation of signalling pathway
negative adaptation of signal transduction pathway
The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation.
One of the distinct periods or stages into which the cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.
A multicellular organismal process involved in the periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin.
A multicellular organismal process involved in the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.
The initial attachment of a membrane or protein to a target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell.
negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.
positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.
A behavioral process involved in the cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm.
A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component.
cellular component disassembly at cellular level
cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism
A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism.
reproductive cellular process in multicellular organism
reproductive process in single-celled organism
A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a single-celled organism.
A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chaeta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell.
The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that results in the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
The progression of physiological phases, occurring in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. The menstrual cycle is an ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur.
A process involved in the sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.
regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process in which the shape of a cell is generated and organized.
negative regulation of cell shape and cell size
positive regulation of cell shape and cell size
A reproductive process that is a step in the formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell.
establishment of proximal/distal cell polarity
The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its proximal/distal axis.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component.
cellular component assembly at cellular level
The attachment of a multicellular organism to a substrate or other organism.
multicellular organism adhesion to substrate
The attachment of a multicellular organism to a surface or material.
OBSOLETE. The attachment of a cell or organism to a substrate, another cell, or other organism. Biological adhesion includes intracellular attachment between membrane regions.
A developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a complex containing RNA and proteins. Includes the biosynthesis of the constituent RNA and protein molecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex.
ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis and assembly
The initial attachment of a membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the two membranes. Docking requires only that the membranes come close enough for the proteins to interact and adhere.
The initial attachment of a protein to a target membrane, mediated by a proteins protruding from the target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.
The DNA metabolic process in which an existing DNA strand is extended by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand.
A process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a generative cell. The generative cell gives rise to the sperm cells in the male gametophyte.
microgametophyte vegetative cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microgametophyte. The microgametophyte vegetative cell gives rise to the pollen tube.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
proteasome-activating nucleotidase complex
A homohexameric complex that recognizes and unfolds core proteasome substrate proteins, and translocates them to the core complex in an ATP dependent manner.
A protein complex, that caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex and regulates entry into, or exit from, the proteasome core complex.
The large subunit of a ribosome located in the cytosol.
The small subunit of a ribosome located in the cytosol.
The large subunit of a ribosome contained within a chloroplast.
chloroplast ribosomal large subunit complex
The small subunit of a ribosome contained within a chloroplast.
chloroplast ribosomal small subunit complex
passive transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a single solute from one side of a membrane to the other by a mechanism involving conformational change, either by facilitated diffusion or in a membrane potential dependent process if the solute is charged.
active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.
Small molecule produced by bacteria that carries an ion across the membrane by enclosing the ion and travelling with the ion across the membrane. It does not form a fully open pore across the membrane.
membrane potential driven uniporter activity
Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism involving conformational change, where energy for active transport is derived from membrane potential if the solute is charged.
obsolete large uncharged polar molecule transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the transfer of a large uncharged polar molecule from one side of a membrane to the other.
Catalysis of the active transport of a sodium ion across a membrane by a mechanism involving conformational change, where energy for active transport is derived from membrane potential if the solute is charged.
Catalysis of the active transport of a potassium ion across a membrane by a mechanism involving conformational change, where energy for active transport is derived from membrane potential if the solute is charged.
Catalysis of the active transport of a potassium ion across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported in opposite directions in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific neurotransmitter has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
ionotropic neurotransmitter receptor activity
obsolete copper-exporting ATPase activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to phosphorylation of one of its constituent parts.
Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a large pore, un-gated channel. Examples include gap junctions, which transport substances from one cell to another; and porins which transport substances in and out of bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a narrow pore channel that opens in response to a particular stimulus.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when a specific neurotransmitter has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
extracellular substance gated channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific stimulus.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific ion stimulus.
Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a narrow pore channel that is open even in an unstimulated or 'resting' state.
Enables the transport of a potassium ion across a membrane via a narrow pore channel that is open even in an unstimulated or 'resting' state.
Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a narrow pore channel that may be gated or ungated.
voltage-gated monoatomic cation channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a voltage-gated channel. A cation is a positively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity
Selectively enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens upon binding acetylcholine.
acetylcholine-activated cation-selective channel activity
acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity
acetylcholine-gated cation-selective channel activity
ionotropic acetylcholine receptor activity
nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor activity
nicotinic acetylcholine-activated cation-selective channel activity
glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
serotonin-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when serotonin has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
5-hydroxytryptamine-gated receptor-channel
serotonin-activated cation-selective channel activity
serotonin-gated cation-selective channel activity
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when GABA has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
glycine-gated chloride ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when glycine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
active monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other up the solute's concentration gradient. This is carried out by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.
active ion transmembrane transporter activity
obsolete active large uncharged polar molecule transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the transfer of a large uncharged polar molecule from one side of the membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-glucose phosphotransferase system transporter activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + glucose(out) = protein histidine + glucose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sorbitol phosphotransferase system transporter activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sorbitol(out) = protein histidine + sorbitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.
substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity
uptake transmembrane transporter activity
alanine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. Alanine is 2-aminopropanoic acid.
dephosphorylation-gated channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to dephosphorylation of one of its constituent parts.
obsolete transmembrane electron transfer carrier
OBSOLETE. Enables electron flow across a biological membrane, from donors localized on one side of the membrane to acceptors localized on the other side. These systems contribute to or subtract from the membrane potential, depending on the direction of electron flow. They are therefore important to cellular energetics.
obsolete transmembrane 1-electron transfer carrier
OBSOLETE. Enables transfer of one electron across a membrane.
obsolete transmembrane 2-electron transfer carrier
OBSOLETE. Enables transfer of two electrons across a membrane.
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-lactose phosphotransferase system transporter activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + lactose(out) = protein histidine + lactose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-mannose phosphotransferase system transporter activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + mannose(out) = protein histidine + mannose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sorbose phosphotransferase system transporter activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sorbose(out) = protein histidine + sorbose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-mannitol phosphotransferase system transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + mannitol(out) = protein histidine + mannitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-maltose phosphotransferase system transporter activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + maltose(out) = protein histidine + maltose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-cellobiose phosphotransferase system transporter activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + cellobiose(out) = protein histidine + cellobiose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-galactitol phosphotransferase system transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + galactitol(out) = protein histidine + galactitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-galactosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + galactosamine(out) = protein histidine + galactosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-fructose phosphotransferase system transporter activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + fructose(out) = protein histidine + fructose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sucrose phosphotransferase system transporter activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sucrose(out) = protein histidine + sucrose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-trehalose phosphotransferase system transporter activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + trehalose(out) = protein histidine + trehalose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetylglucosamine(out) = protein histidine + N-acetylglucosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
N-acetylglucosamine PTS transporter activity
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetylgalactosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetylgalactosamine(out) = protein histidine + N-acetylgalactosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
N-acetylgalactosamine PTS transporter activity
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-beta-glucoside phosphotransferase system transporter activity
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + beta-glucoside(out) = protein histidine + beta-glucoside phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
zinc efflux transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a zinc ion or zinc ions from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
macromolecule transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a macromolecule from one side of a membrane to the other.
bacteriocin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a bacteriocin from one side of a membrane to the other.
Enables transport of a solute across a membrane. This kind of transporter interacts much more weakly with the solute than the carrier does. It is an aqueous pore that extends across the membrane. It may change from closed to open and back. It transports faster than a carrier. It is always passive.
serine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of serine from one side of a membrane to the other. Serine is 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of inorganic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity
divalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity
monovalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity
trivalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity
low-affinity tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the low-affinity transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
low-affinity tryptophan permease activity
Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel with a unit conductance of 20 to 85 picoSiemens that opens in response to stimulus by internal calcium ions. Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are more sensitive to calcium than are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
IK calcium-activated potassium channel activity
proton-dependent peptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a peptide from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by proton movement.
regulation of transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity.
A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors.
A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
Migration of the nuclei of the two-nucleate embryo sac to opposite poles of the cell.
nuclear migration to female gametophyte poles
nuclear migration to megagametophyte poles
nucleus migration to female gametophyte poles
nucleus migration to megagametophyte poles
nuclear migration to the embryo sac center
Migration of one of the four nuclei at each pole of the eight-nucleate embryo sac, to the center of the cell.
nuclear migration to the embryo sac centre
nuclear migration to the female gametophyte center
nuclear migration to the female gametophyte centre
nuclear migration to the megagametophyte center
nuclear migration to the megagametophyte centre
nucleus migration to the female gametophyte center
nucleus migration to the female gametophyte centre
obsolete activation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process that initiates the dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway through stimulation of the dopamine receptor.
obsolete signal initiation by neurotransmitter
OBSOLETE. The process in which a neurotransmitter signal causes activation of a receptor.
obsolete signal initiation by amino acid
OBSOLETE. The process in which an amino acid signal causes activation of a receptor.
obsolete ligand binding to T cell receptor
OBSOLETE. Binding of a diffusible ligand to a T cell receptor as part of a signaling process.
obsolete initiation of T cell receptor signaling
OBSOLETE. The process in which a signal causes activation of T cell receptor signaling.
obsolete regulation of initiation of T cell receptor signaling
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the initiation of T cell receptor signaling.
obsolete positive regulation of initiation of T cell receptor signaling
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the initiation of T cell receptor signaling.
obsolete initiation of T cell receptor signaling by binding of a MHC complex to T cell receptor
OBSOLETE. The process in which binding of an MHC complex to T cell receptor causes activation of T cell receptor signaling.
obsolete signal transmission via diffusible molecule
OBSOLETE. The process in which a signal is conveyed via a diffusible molecule.
obsolete T cell activation of signal transmission via diffusible molecule
OBSOLETE. The process in which signal transmission via a diffusible molecule is initiated by a T cell.
signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another.
regulation of gene expression as a consequence of signal transmission
obsolete regulation of gene expression as a consequence of T cell signal transmission
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a T cell signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another.
The signaling process in which signal transduction is brought to an end rather than being reversibly modulated.
termination of T cell signal transduction
The signaling process in which T cell signal transduction is brought to an end rather than being reversibly modulated.
Binding to a major histocompatibility complex.
Binding to a class I major histocompatibility complex.
Binding to a class Ib major histocompatibility complex.
Binding to a class II major histocompatibility complex.
MHC class I protein binding, via antigen binding groove
Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class I molecules via the antigen binding groove.
MHC class I protein binding, via lateral surface
Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class I molecules via the lateral surface.
Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecules.
MHC class Ib protein binding, via antigen binding groove
Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecules via the antigen binding groove.
MHC class Ib protein binding, via lateral surface
Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecules via the lateral surface.
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cell surface receptor CD40 to one of its physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
obsolete initiation of signal transduction
OBSOLETE. The process in which a signal causes activation of a receptor, for example, via a conformation change.
OBSOLETE. The process in which a light signal causes activation of a receptor.
obsolete signal initiation by diffusible mediator
OBSOLETE. The process in which a diffusible signal causes activation of a receptor.
obsolete signal initiation by physical damage
OBSOLETE. The process in which a physical damage signal causes activation of a receptor.
OBSOLETE. The process in which information is sent from one location to another, within a living organism or between living organisms, via ionic flux.
The process in which an activated neuronal cell receptor conveys information down a signaling pathway, resulting in a change in the function or state of a cell. This process may be intracellular or intercellular.
obsolete signaling via protein/peptide mediator
OBSOLETE. The process in which information is sent from one location to another, within a living organism or between living organisms, via a protein/peptide mediator.
OBSOLETE. The process in which information is sent from one location to another, within a living organism or between living organisms, via a lipid mediator.
obsolete signaling via chemical mediator
OBSOLETE. The process in which information is sent from one location to another, within a living organism or between living organisms, via a chemical mediator.
obsolete signal initiation by chemical mediator
OBSOLETE. The process in which a chemical signal causes activation of a receptor.
obsolete signal initiation by lipid mediator
OBSOLETE. The process in which a lipid signal causes activation of a receptor.
obsolete signal initiation by protein/peptide mediator
OBSOLETE. The process in which a protein/peptide signal causes activation of a receptor.
obsolete consequence of signal transmission
OBSOLETE. The steps whereby the downstream processes started by a signal are brought to a conclusion. Examples include destruction of cAMP by PDE, or endocytosis resulting from receptor phosphorylation. The termination process ends when the receptor has returned to its inactive state.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.
The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered.
obsolete signal initiation by mechanical effect
OBSOLETE. The process in which a mechanical signal causes activation of a receptor.
obsolete signal initiation by stretch effect
OBSOLETE. The process in which a stretch signal causes activation of a receptor.
obsolete signal initiation by peptide hormone
OBSOLETE. The process in which a signal is initiated by a peptide hormone.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.
positive regulation of signaling process
positive regulation of signalling process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.
negative regulation of signaling process
negative regulation of signalling process
The regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.
positive adaptation of signaling pathway
The positive regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.
positive adaptation of signalling pathway
OBSOLETE. The process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another.
The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source.
obsolete signal transmission via transcytosis
OBSOLETE. The process in which a signal is conveyed via transcytosis. Transcytosis is the directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side.
OBSOLETE. The process in which a signal is conveyed via blood.
obsolete signal transmission via vascular system
OBSOLETE. The process in which a signal is conveyed via the vascular system.
obsolete signal transmission via lymphatic system
OBSOLETE. The process in which a signal is conveyed via the lymphatic system.
OBSOLETE. The process in which a signal is conveyed via the phloem.
OBSOLETE. The process in which a signal is conveyed via the xylem.
OBSOLETE. The process in which a signal is conveyed via the air.
Square array of closely spaced intramembrane particles, 4-6 nm in size, that form supramolecular aggregates found in the plasma membrane of astrocytes, skeletal muscle and epithelial cells. They have been shown to contain aquaporins (water channels).
A cell projection (often from glial cells such as Schwann cells) that surrounds an unmyelinated axon or cell soma.
A cytoplasmic inclusion body found in some lateral geniculate neurons and composed of sheets of tubules (25 nm in diameter) separated by dense material (about 75 nm wide), which together with the tubules whorl give a structure resembling a fingerprint.
A hexagonal array of electron dense particles attached to the cytoplasmic face of the presynaptic membrane.
compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process
Any apoptotic process in a compound eye retinal cell.
Inclusion body characterized by regularly spaced sheets of tubules arranged in a whorl pattern resembling a fingerprint. Laminated bodies have been observed in neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus.
A large cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle with an electron dense granular core, up to 150-200 nm in diameter, found in neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus.
Any apoptotic process in a retinal cell.
induction of retinal programmed cell death
A cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle first described in dendrites, categorized by smooth membranes, electron-lucent interiors and irregular shapes. Sometimes occurs in clumps. Amorphous vesicles have been found to contain material taken up from the extracellular space, therefore suggesting that they may be part of the endosomal pathway.
A configuration of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) found in Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and in axons in the lateral vestibular nucleus, consisting of parallel and interconnecting tubules whose outer surfaces are covered by particles or ringlike structures.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: XDP + H2O = XMP + phosphate.
A cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle of varying size, but usually larger than 45 nm, with an electron dense granular core, found in noradrenergic and peptidergic cells.
methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH-dependent, acetol producing)
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + methylglyoxal + NADPH <=> hydroxyacetone + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: IDP + H2O = IMP + H+ + phosphate.
The generation of amyloid fibrils, insoluble fibrous protein aggregates exhibiting beta sheet structure, from proteins.
inhibition of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
Any process that prevents the activation of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in an apoptotic process.
Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment, as a result of a disturbance in cellular homeostasis.
mitochondrial fusion in response to stress
stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion
A proteinaceous, nuclear-derived structure that embeds the microtubule spindle apparatus from pole to pole in a microtubule-independent manner during mitosis.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location on or within a lipid droplet.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sclerotium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sclerotium is a mycelial resting body, resistant to adverse environmental conditions.
glycerol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which glycerol is converted into glycerone and NAD+ or NADP is reduced.
glycerol dehydrogenase activity, NAD or NADP as acceptor
5' deoxyribonuclease (pyrimidine dimer) activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage immediately 5' to pyrimidine dimers to products with 5'-phosphate.
Specialization of the hypolemmal cisterna consisting of either single profiles or closely apposed stacks of endoplasmic reticulum in which the lumen is obliterated, lying 10-20 nm beneath the plasma membrane.
The periphery of a Lewy body. In Parkinson's disease, it contains spherical accumulations of filaments arranged in a loose, radiating array.
Specialized part of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum that closely underlies the plasma membrane, usually within 60 nm or closer.
calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum
The directed movement of calcium ions into a sarcoplasmic reticulum.
The center portion of a Lewy body. In Parkinson's disease, it contains a matted meshwork of filaments.
calcium ion export across plasma membrane
The directed movement of calcium ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.
A parallel fiber results from the bifurcation of a cerebellar granule cell axon in the molecular layer into two diametrically opposed branches, that are oriented parallel to the long axis of the folium.
The part of a dendritic tree where it branches, giving rise to a dendritic branch.
Ramification of basket cell axon surrounding cell bodies, forming the characteristic pericellular baskets from which the cell class derives its name.
Dense plexus formed by the descending collaterals of cerebellar basket cells that wrap around a Purkinje cell axonal initial segment.
intermediate voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by an intermediate voltage-gated channel. An intermediate voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on intermediate voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
The rhythmical contraction and relaxation of arterioles, observed as slow and fast waves, with frequencies of 1-2 and 10-20 cpm.
Synaptic expansion of hippocampal mossy fiber axon that makes contact with the thorny excrescences of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cell dendrites.
dentate gyrus granule cell axonal bouton
Synaptic bouton found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. S boutons range in diameter from 0.5 to 8 um and contain spherical synaptic vesicles.
Synaptic bouton found in spinal cord on the soma and proximal dendrites of motor neurons.
Synaptic bouton found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. F boutons range in diameter from 0.5 to 7 um and contain flattened or pleomorphic synaptic vesicles.
obsolete RNA polymerase III complex import into nucleus
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of an RNA polymerase III complex from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
The area in the center of the anaphase spindle consisting of microtubules, microtubule bundling factors and kinesin motors where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap in an antiparallel manner.
Axon collateral that ramifies in the area of the soma of the cell of origin.
Part of axon of a CA3 pyramidal neuron that projects to hippocampal area CA1.
Elongated process of a tanycyte, devoid of cytoplasmic extensions, that courses through the hypothalamic nuclei to form small endfoot processes that terminate either on blood vessels or at the pial surface of the brain. A tanycyte is a specialized elongated ventricular ependymal cell.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a protein storage vacuole, a storage vacuole that contains a lytic vacuole.
Elongated portion of a tanycyte that sticks into the periventricular layer of neuropil where it appears to contact a blood vessel; characterized by numerous cytoplasmic extensions. A tanycyte is a specialized elongated ventricular ependymal cell that has processes that extend to the outer, or pial, surface of the CNS.
Portion of a tanycyte that lies within the ependyma and contains the nucleus. A tanycyte is a specialized elongated ventricular ependymal cell that has processes that extend to the outer, or pial, surface of the CNS.
A protein complex that inhibits multiple events of replication initiation during one replication cycle.
A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within cartilage, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.
negative regulation of cartilage homeostasis
positive regulation of cartilage homeostasis
cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process involved in abscission
Any cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process that is involved in abscission.
Any of a family of protein complexes that form at the origin of replication or stalled replication forks and function in replication primer synthesis in all organisms. Early complexes initiate double-stranded DNA unwinding. The core unit consists of a replicative helicase and a primase. The helicase further unwinds the DNA and recruits the polymerase machinery. The primase synthesizes RNA primers that act as templates for complementary stand replication by the polymerase machinery. The primosome contains a number of associated proteins and protein complexes and contributes to the processes of replication initiation, lagging strand elongation, and replication restart.
polyuridylation-dependent mRNA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues (polyuridylation) at the 3' end of the target mRNA.
A plasma membrane region adjacent to the base of eukaryotic cilia and flagella that is enriched in endocytosis-associated proteins and vesicles and that appears to regulate ciliary membrane homeostasis.
A complex that functions in anterograde transport at the Golgi and also regulates autophagy. In yeast it includes at least the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33, Trs85. TRAPPIII may include further, as yet undescribed, proteins.
A cell wall part that is the part of a wall of a vessel member and bears one or more openings (perforations).
A complex that tethers COPII vesicles at ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. Its role in this part of the vesicular transport may start at the ER exit sites. Binds to a component of the COPII coat. In yeast it includes the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33 which are regarded as the core subunits of all TRAPP complexes in yeast.
A complex that mediates intra-Golgi traffic, Golgi exit, endosome-to-Golgi traffic, and the trafficking of autophagy proteins from Golgi to the phagophore assembly site. Binds to a component of the COPI coat. In yeast it includes the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Tca17, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33, Trs65, Trs120, Trs130. The whole complex is thought to dimerize with itself.
The seed development process whose outcome is the drying of a maturing seed.
The process of opening of stomata, pores in the epidermis of leaves and stems bordered by two guard cells and serving in gas exchange.
The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is emitted by nonphotochemical quenching or chlorophyll fluorescence.
The process of DNA recombination occurring within a single chromosome.
The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the ground tissue.
A protein complex that is involved in the MEP pathway of IPP biosynthesis. It catalyzes the NADP-dependent rearrangement and reduction of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) to 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP).
1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase complex
A protein complex first characterized in human and comprised of a R2TP module (R2TP complex), a prefoldin-like module (containing both prefoldin-like proteins and canonical prefoldins), WD40 repeat protein Monad/WDR92 and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit RPB5. This complex might have chaperone activity.
Protein complex which is involved in assembly and insertion of beta-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. In E. coli it is composed of BamABCDE, of the outer membrane protein BamA, and four lipoproteins BamB, BamC, BamD and BamE. BamA interacts directly with BamB and the BamCDE subcomplex.
Protein complex facilitating ATP-dependent maltose transport through inner cell membrane (periplasm to cytoplasm) in Gram-negative bacteria. In E. coli the system is composed of a periplasmic maltose-binding protein (MBP), two integral membrane proteins, MalF and MalG, and two copies of the cytoplasmic ATP-binding cassette MalK.
maltose ATP-binding cassette transporter complex
The degradosome is a protein complex playing a key role in mRNA degradation and RNA processing. It includes a RNA helicase, a 3'-5' phosphate-dependent PNPase and a RNase E bound-enolase.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit replum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit replum is a portion of fruit placenta tissue that divides a fruit into two or more chambers and develops from a replum.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit valve is a part of a fruit that splits apart when the fruit dehisces.
obsolete protein kinase activity required for targeting substrate to proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a substrate protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP, thereby targeting the substrate to the proteasomal ubiquitin mediated protein catabolic process.
obsolete cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage stimulus
OBSOLETE. The cell cycle regulatory process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M) as a result of DNA damage from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temozolomide stimulus.
Catalyzes the reaction: L-phenylalanine + O2 + H2O -> phenylacetaldehyde + ammonia + hydrogen peroxide + CO2.
The directed movement of a lipid from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the chloroplast.
endoplasmic reticulum to chloroplast lipid transport
DNA-5-methylcytosine glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 5-methylcytosine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 5-methylcytosine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the DNA 5-methylcytosine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 5-methylcytosine, leaving an abasic site.
Removes a phosphatidic acid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle. Phosphatidic acid refers to a glycophospholipids with, in general, a saturated fatty acid bonded to carbon-1, an unsaturated fatty acid bonded to carbon-2, and a phosphate group bonded to carbon-3.
intermembrane phosphatidic acid transfer activity
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase C.
anterograde neuronal dense core vesicle transport
The directed movement of substances in neuronal dense core vesicles along axonal microtubules towards the presynapse.
anterograde dense core granule trafficking
anterograde dense core granule transport
retrograde neuronal dense core vesicle transport
The directed movement of neuronal dense core vesicles along axonal microtubules towards the cell body.
retrograde dense core granule trafficking
The process by which a callus is formed at a wound site. A plant callus is a portion of plant tissue that consists of mass of undifferentiated plant cells. It consists primarily of parenchyma cells but possibly contains other cell types as the callus begins to differentiate.
A proteasome specifically found in mammalian testis. Contains the proteasome activator PA200 in the regulatory particle, and beta1i, beta2i, beta5i and/or alpha4s in the core (20S) subunit. Beta1i, beta2i and beta5i are inducible catalytic subunits, closely related to beta1, beta2 and beta5. Alpha4s is a sperm-specific 20S subunit, but unlike other alternative 20S subunits alpha4s lies in the outer alpha-ring and lacks catalytic activity.
A protein deubiquitination process in which a linear polymer of ubiquitin, formed by the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule and by the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next, is removed from a protein.
The recognition and rejection of pollen of one species by cells in the stigma of another species.
unilateral interspecific incompatibility
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + 2-iminoacetate + thiocarboxy-adenylate-[sulfur-carrier protein ThiS] = 2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate + [sulfur-carrier protein ThiS] + 2 H2O.
1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate:thiol sulfurtransferase activity
A protein-DNA complex that contains DNA in combination with a protein which binds to and bends DNA. Often plays a role in DNA compaction.
obsolete regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity.
A protein-DNA complex containing a tetramer of DiaA attached to multiple DnaA molecule bound to oriC DNA. Regulates timely initiation of chromosomal replication during the cell cycle by stimulating assembly of DnaA-oriC complexes, conformational changes in ATP-DnaA initiation complexes, and unwinding of oriC duplex DNA.
A protein-DNA complex containing DNA-bound DnaA attached to HU. HU is a dimer encoded by two closely related genes. Essential for the initiation of replication in bacteria; stimulates the DnaA-dependent unwinding of oriC.
A protein complex containing homohexameric DNA helicase DnaB, and the DNA helicase loader DnaC. The helicase loader DnaC delivers DnaB to the chromosomal origin (oriC).
A protein-DNA complex containing the initiator protein DnaA bound to high-affinity recognition sites in the unique origin of replication, oriC. DnaA-oriC binding is the first step in assembly of a bacterial pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) and is responsible for the timely initiation of replication once per cell cycle.
A protein-DNA complex containing at least one DNA helicase and one primase. Can also contain associated proteins. The helicase component continues to unwind the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and the primase component synthesizes a RNA primer during initiation or restart of replication.
Any of the protein-DNA complexes that contain a DNA helicase and associated protein(s) at the origin of replication, and build up to assembling the core primosome. The associated protein(s) chaperone the helicase to the DNA, and assembly of the pre-primosome is essential for the initiation or restart of replication. Pre-primosome complexes lack a primase component.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to superoxide
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.
A protein-DNA complex that contains an oligomer of SeqA bound to GATC sites in methylated or newly-synthesized, hemi-methylated double-stranded DNA, with preference for the latter. Binding of SeqA to hemimethylated DNA sequesters oriC, prevents re-methylation of DNA by Dam and in turn stops premature re-initiation of replication during one replication cycle.
obsolete positive regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor clustering
OBSOLETE. The positive regulation of the receptor clustering process in which N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to reactive oxygen species
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.
The calcium-dependent hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their own peptide bonds.
obsolete negative regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor clustering
OBSOLETE. The negative regulation of the receptor clustering process in which N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.
cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus
A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nerve growth factor stimulus.
The sodium-dependent hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their own peptide bonds.
[methyl-Co(III) methanol-specific corrinoid protein]:coenzyme M methyltransferase
Catalysis of the reaction: a [methyl-Co(III) methanol-specific corrinoid protein] + coenzyme M = methyl-coenzyme M + a [Co(I) methanol-specific corrinoid protein] + H+.
methanol-specific methylcobalamin:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity
methanol-specific methylcobalamin: coenzyme M methyltransferase activity
methanol-specific methylcobalamin:CoM methyltransferase activity
methylcobamide:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity
methylcobamide:CoM methyltransferase activity
A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nerve growth factor stimulus.
response to nerve growth factor stimulus
Any apoptotic process in a lens fiber cell. Lens fiber cells are elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
A protein complex that negatively regulates strand-opening at the origin of replication, thereby interfering with replication initiation. This complex is thought to be involved in the regulation of replication under oxidative stress conditions. In E. coli, this complex is composed of DnaA and Dps.
A protein complex involved in inactivating the function of DnaA and thereby preventing multiple events of replication initiation. In E. coli, this complex is composed of the beta clamp (DnaN) and Hda.
A protein complex that inhibits unwinding of DNA at the origin of replication and assembly of the pre-primosome. In E. coli, this complex is composed of DnaA and of the ribosomal protein L2.
A protein complex that inactivates the function of DnaA by inhibiting the phosphorylation of DnaA-ADP to DnaA-ATP and thereby preventing multiple events of replication initiation. In E. coli, this complex is composed of DnaA and Hda.
Combining with the biogenic amine 2-phenylethylamine to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with the biogenic amine trimethylamine to initiate a change in cell activity.
A multisubunit complex likely involved in the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA). In S. cerevisiae, the complex consists of at least Cab2, Cab3, Cab4 and Cab5 but may also include Sis2 and Vhs3. The latter subunits are shared by the GO:0071513 phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase complex that catalyses the third step of the coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthetic pathway.
A heterodimeric protein complex which catalyses sulfur transfer from the sulfur carrier subunit of MPT synthase to precursor Z to synthesize MPT as part of molybdopterin cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis. In E. coli the subunits are MoaE and MoaD; in human, MOCS2B and MOCS2A. Moco biosynthesis and its constituent molecules are evolutionarily conserved.
molybdopterin cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis sulfurtransferase complex
Long distance growth of a single neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
protein localization to nuclear periphery
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nuclear periphery.
Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9S,10E,12Z)-9-hydroperoxy-10,12-octadecadienoate.
linoleate:oxygen 9S-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: R1H + R2OOH = R1OH + R2OH.
epithelial cell apoptotic process involved in palatal shelf morphogenesis
An apoptotic process in a palatal shelf epithelial cell that contributes to the shaping of the palatal shelf.
Catalysis of the reaction: a flavonoid + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = sulfated flavonoid + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate. This reaction is the transfer of a sulfate group to the hydroxyl group of a flavonoid acceptor, producing the sulfated flavonoid derivative.
obsolete release of misfolded protein from chaperone
OBSOLETE. The release of misfolded proteins that are being held by the chaperone heat shock protein (Hsp) and targeting them for destruction by the Ub-proteasome machinery.
molybdopterin cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis adenylyltransferase complex
A heterodimeric protein complex which adenylates two molecules of the sulfur carrier subunit of the molybdopterin (MPT) cofactor synthase using ATP as part of molybdopterin cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis. In E. coli the subunits are MoeB and MoaD; Moco biosynthesis and its constituent molecules are evolutionarily conserved.
A GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In human, the GATOR1 complex consists of DEPDC5, NPRL2, and NPRL3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is referred to as SEACIT and contains the Iml1p, Npr2p, and Npr3p proteins.
A heterodimer GTPase complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains Gtr1p and Gtr2p proteins.
obsolete pre-primosome complex involved in replication initiation
OBSOLETE. A protein-DNA complex involved in replication initiation at the origin of replication.
obsolete pre-primosome complex involved in replication restart
OBSOLETE. A protein-DNA complex involved in replication restart after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of osmotic stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
A ribonucleoprotein complex containing both protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.
A homotetrameric protein complex consisting of a symmetrical pair of DiaA homodimers. Facilitates DnaA binding to the origin of replication during replication initiation.
messenger ribonucleoprotein complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules to form a messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complex.
A multimer of H-NS proteins that is involved in bacterial nucleoid condensation and negative regulation of global gene expression by directly binding to promoter regions. Recognizes both structural and sequence-specific motifs in double-stranded DNA and has binding preference for bent DNA.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an RNA helicase.
ATP-dependent RNA helicase inhibitor activity
ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide encoded by an aberrant message and associated with a stalled ribosome. Degradation is initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the ribosome-associated protein.
ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
B cell receptor apoptotic signaling pathway
An extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
B cell receptor extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via B cell antigen receptor
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via BCR
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II core complex.
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, core complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase III complex.
DNA-directed RNA polymerase III complex assembly
A multiprotein complex that forms a stable complex with large ribosomal subunits (60S in eukaryotes and 50S in prokaryotes) containing stalled polypeptides and triggers their degradation (ribosomal quality control). In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Rkr1p, Tae2p, Rqc1p, Npl4p and Ufd1p proteins.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase I complex.
DNA-directed RNA polymerase I complex assembly
phosphodiesterase decapping endonuclease activity
Catalysis of the removal of the cap from an unmethylated 5'-end capped RNA resulting in the release of the entire cap structure (GpppN) and a 5' monophosphorylated RNA.
Binding to an EH domain of a protein. The EH stand for Eps15 homology. This was originally identified as a motif present in three copies at the NH2-termini of Eps15 and of the related molecule Eps15R.
G protein-coupled receptor catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a G protein-coupled receptor.
G-protein coupled receptor catabolic process
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nucleoplasm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a cadmium ion stimulus.
SCF complex disassembly in response to cadmium stress
The disaggregation of the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in response to cadmium stress.
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K33-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 33 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a copper ion stimulus.
protein localization to site of double-strand break
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred.
protein localisation to site of double-strand break
protein localization to double-strand break site
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K27-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H2A by the addition of a phosphate group.
single-strand break-containing DNA binding
Binding to damaged DNA containing single-strand breaks (SSBs).
single-strand break-containing damaged DNA binding
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 4) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.
histone deacetylase activity (H3-K4 specific)
A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC, replication restart proteins Rep and PriC, and associated DNA. Involved in the restart of DNA replication after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.
A homohexameric protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity; functions during DNA replication and repair.
A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC, replication restart proteins DnaT, PriA and PriB, and associated DNA. Involved in the restart of DNA replication after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.
A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC, replication restart proteins DnaT, PriA and PriC, and associated DNA. Involved in the restart of DNA replication after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.
A protein complex containing homohexameric DnaB helicase, and DnaG (a primase). Facilitates the unwinding of double-stranded DNA and the synthesis of RNA primer sequences during DNA replication and repair in Prokaryotes.
A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC bound to the DNA-bound DNA replication initiation protein DnaA. Essential for DNA replication initiation.
A protein complex consisting of the pentameric maltose transporter complex bound to two enzyme IIA (EIIA) molecules. EIIA is a component of the glucose-specific phosphotransferase system that inhibits maltose transport from the periplasm to the cytoplasm. When EIIA-bound, the maltose transporter remains in the open, inward-facing conformation, which prevents binding of maltose-loaded maltose binding protein (MBP) to the transporter.
Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex localized to the ER and Golgi membrane.
maintenance of protein localization to heterochromatin
A process in which a protein is maintained in a location in telomeric heterochromatin.
maintenance of protein localisation to heterochromatin
maintenance of protein location in heterochromatin
A homodimeric, extracellular protein complex containing two VEGF-A monomers. Binds to and activates a receptor tyrosine kinase.
vascular endothelial growth factor A complex
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at the cell tip.
A homomeric protein complex that possesses glutamate dehydrogenase activity. This complex is evolutionarily conserved except that the number of homoprotomers per complex varies.
dehydrogenase, glutamate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)) complex
L-glutamate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (deaminating) complex
NAD(P)H-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase complex
OBSOLETE. The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a rhabdomere.
Binding to a talin, a family of related cytoskeletal proteins that play a role in assembly of actin filaments and migration of various cell types.
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to hypoxia (lowered oxygen tension). Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. The pathway ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
Suppression of the occurrence of translational errors, such as codon-anticodon mis-paring, during the process of translation of a protein using an mRNA template.
jasmonyl-Ile conjugate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonyl-Ile + H2O = jasmonic acid + L-isoleucine.
A transmembrane protein complex capable of transporting positively charged hydrophobic drugs across the plasma membrane thereby involved in conferring resistance to a wide range of toxic compounds (e.g. methyl viologen, ethidium bromide and acriflavine). It is commonly found in bacteria. In E. coli it forms a homodimer.
Any protein complex that possesses oxidoreductase activity.
A protein complex capable of catalyzing the conversion of taurine and alpha-ketoglutarate to sulfite, aminoacetaldehyde and succinate under sulfur or cysteine starvation conditions. Its expression is repressed by the presence of sulfate or cysteine. In E. coli it is a homodimer or homotetramer of the protein TauD.
2-aminoethanesulfonate dioxygenase complex
alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent taurine dioxygenase complex
A protein complex capable of FMN reductase activity. Reduces FMN to FMNH2 in a NAD(P)H-dependent manner. In E.coli, consists of a SsuE dimer.
flavin oxidoreductase complex, NAD(P)H-dependent
FMN oxidoreductase complex, NAD(P)H-dependent
FMN reductase complex, NAD(P)H-dependent
A protein complex containing two transmembrane subunits; a MdtB dimer and one unit of MdtC. Capable of exporting substrates across the cell membrane. Involved in conferring antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria by transporting drugs across the membrane.
A protein complex containing an alkanesulfonate monooxygenase subunit (SsuD tetramer in E.coli) and a flavin oxidoreductase subunit (SsuE dimer in E.coli). Involved in the utilization of alkanesulfonates as sulfur sources under conditions of sulfate or cysteine starvation.
two-component alkanesulfonate monooxygenase system
A protein complex capable of alkanesulfonate monooxygenase activity. Involved in the utilization of alkanesulfonates as sulfur sources under conditions of sulfate or cysteine starvation, catalyzing the conversion of alkanesulfonates into aldehydes and sulfite. In E.coli the complex consists of a SsuD tetramer.
A dimeric protein complex containing two ModE subunits. Binds directly to DNA to regulate transcription, and is involved in (positively and negatively) regulating various aspects of molybdenum metabolism.
An ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex made up of a dimer of MsbA. Facilitates the export across the plasma membrane of, amongst others, lipid A and lipopolysaccharide. In contrast to most ABC transporter complexes, each chain of the homodimer contains both the transmembrane domain (TMD) and the cytoplasmic ATP-binding domain (NBD).
The MacAB-TolC complex is a macrolide transporter complex found in E.coli and related gram-negative bacteria. Its transport activity is specific to macrolide compounds containing 14- and 15-membered lactones. It consists of the dimeric inner membrane ATPase MacB, the hexameric, periplasmic membrane fusion protein MacA and the trimeric outer membrane factor TolC.
macrolide transporter MacAB-TolC complex
methionine-importing ABC transporter complex
An ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex that is capable of methionine-importing activity. An example is the bacterial MetNIQ methionine transporter, that consists of the dimeric ATPase subunit MetN located at the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane and the dimeric transmembrane subunit MetI. MetQ is regarded as the periplasmic methionine-binding chaperon subunit, and is capable of transporting methionine from the periplasm into the cytoplasm in an ATP-dependent manner.
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) methionine importer complex
ATP-dependent methionine importer complex
ATP-dependent methionine importing complex
ATP-dependent methionine-importing complex
methionine transporter complex, ATP-dependent
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic U snRNP body.
macrolide transmembrane transporter complex
A bacterial transmembrane transporter complex that spans the entire cell membrane system and possesses ATP-dependent xenobiotic transport activity pumping drugs (typically antibiotics) and other toxins directly from the cytosol out of the bacterial cell. Typically, it is trimeric consisting of a inner membrane ATPase (IMP), a periplasmic membrane fusion protein (MFP) and an outer membrane factor (OMF). In E. coli, macrolide transporter complexes may consists of MacB (IMP), MacA (MFP) and TolC (OMF) or AcrB (IMP), AcrA (MFP) and TolC (OMF). Trimeric TolC is a common OMF found in many macrolide transporter complexes.
collecting lymphatic vessel constriction
A decrease in the diameter of collecting lymphatic vessels.
Protein complex involved in cobalamin (vitamin B12) transport through the plasma membrane. In E. coli, the complex is a tetramer and consists of the cytoplasmic ATPase BtuD homodimer together with the transmembrane BtuC homodimer.
cobalamin transport complex, core subunit
vitamin B12 transport complex, core subunit
peptide-glutamate-alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-glutamate in peptide = CoA + N-acetyl-L-glutamate-peptide.
Protein complex facilitating ATP-dependent cobalamin (vitamin B12) transport through inner cell membrane (periplasm to cytoplasm) in Gram-negative bacteria. In E. coli the system is composed of a periplasmic cobalamin-binding protein (BtuF), an integral membrane homodimer, BtuC, and a cytoplasmic ATP-binding homodimer BtuD.
Binding to euchromatin, a dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin.
peptide-serine-alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-serine in peptide = CoA + N-acetyl-L-serine-peptide.
Any process that modulates the size of lymphatic vessels.
regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel size
OBSOLETE. A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at mRNA.
A heteromeric protein complex consisting of a multi-transmembrane spanning subunit (the light chain) and a type II glycoprotein subunit (the heavy chain) that functions to transport amino acids across a plasma membrane.
regulation of lymphatic vascular permeability
Any process that modulates the extent to which lymphatic vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
The process whereby a membrane-bounded vesicle is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane.
extracellular vesicular exosome secretion
multi-vesicular body fusion with plasma membrane
lymphatic vascular process in circulatory system
A circulatory process that occurs at the level of the lymphatic vasculature.
The process in which the 3' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA in the mitochondrion.
acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pantothenate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pantothenate via phosphopantothenate and CoA.
A protein-DNA complex that consists of HU heterodimers (an alpha and a beta chain) assembled into octamers along DNA. HU binds to double-stranded DNA in a structure- and sequence-specific manner and bends the DNA into a nucleosome-like structure.
protein localization to actomyosin contractile ring
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the actomyosin contractile ring.
protein localisation to actomyosin contractile ring
Protein complex involved in maltose transport through the plasma membrane. In E. coli, the complex is a tetramer and consists of a cytoplasmic ATPase MalK homodimer together with a heterodimeric transmembrane subunit MalF-MalG.
A protein-DNA complex containing IHF heterodimers (an alpha and a beta chain) bound to DNA. IHF binds to double-stranded DNA in a structure- and sequence-specific manner and bends the DNA into a nucleosome-like structure, the bacterial nucleoid.
double-stranded DNA endonuclease activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within a double-stranded DNA molecule by creating internal breaks.
double-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity
dsDNA-specific endodeoxyribonuclease activity
proteasome core complex import into nucleus
The directed movement of the proteasome core complex (AKA core particle (CP)) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor).
A protein complex which is capable of diamine N-acetyltransferase activity.
A protein complex capable of phosphomannomutase activity.
intramolecular phosphotransferase complex
A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of a phosphate group from one position to another within a single molecule.
A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
A protein dimer containing two STING monomers. It binds cyclic purine di-nucleotides. Activation of the sting complex by 2',5'-3'-5'-cyclic GMP-AMP activates nuclear transcription factor kB (NF-kB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) which then induce transcription of the genes encoding type I IFN and cytokines active in the innate immune response.
A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of sulfur atoms from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
A protein complex capable of assembling an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster.
Binding to a histone methyltransferase enzyme.
The maintenance of a paranodal junction, a highly specialized cell-cell junction found in vertebrates, which forms between a neuron and a glial cell, and has structural similarity to Drosophila septate junctions. A paranodal junction flanks the node of Ranvier in myelinated nerve, electrically isolates the myelinated from unmyelinated nerve segments, and physically separates the voltage-gated sodium channels at the node from the cluster of potassium channels underneath the myelin sheath.
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide (NMN-) + H2O = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside (nicotinamide ribose, NmR) + phosphate.
beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide phosphatase activity
nicotinamide mononucleotide phosphatase activity
Narrow, electron-dense part of the rhoptry that extends through the conoid at the apical tip of an apicomplexan parasite. The rhoptry neck serves as a duct through which the contents of the rhoptry are secreted after attachment to the host has been completed and at the commencement of invasion.
The ProVWX complex belongs to the family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins complexes. It consists of a cytoplasmic ATPase subunit ProV, a transmembrane subunit ProW and a periplasmic binding protein ProX. It is capable of translocating a wide variety of solute (e.g. glycine betaine) across the plasma membrane and is activated under osmotic stress conditions.
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex ProVWX
positive regulation by symbiont of cytokinin levels in host
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokinin levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Bacterial chaperonin complex consisting of a heptameric 10kDa chaperonin subunit GroES and a tetradecameric (2x7) 60kDa chaperonin subunit GroEL. The 60kDa subunit possesses ATPase activity while the holo-enzyme is responsible for the correct folding of proteins.
A protein complex capable of cysteine desulfurase activity decomposing L-cysteine to L-alanine and sulfur. It belongs to a ubiquitous family of pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. In E. coli it consists of a SufS dimer.
positive regulation by symbiont of abscisic acid levels in host
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the abscisic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by symbiont of host protein levels
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation by symbiont of host transcription
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
suppression by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin production in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
obsolete negative regulation by symbiont of host protein levels
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation by symbiont of host intracellular transport
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation by symbiont of ethylene levels in host
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation by symbiont of salicylic acid levels in host
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation by symbiont of indole acetic acid levels in host
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the indole acetic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation by symbiont of auxin levels in host
positive regulation by symbiont of IAA levels in host
positive regulation by symbiont of jasmonic acid levels in host
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by symbiont of RNA levels in host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the RNA levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by symbiont of RNA levels in host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the RNA levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
platelet-derived growth factor receptor-ligand complex
A tetrameric protein complex consisting of two platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor subunits and two PDGF ligand subunits. Binding of the PDGF ligand dimer to the PDGF receptor in the plasma membrane induces receptor dimerisation and activation. PDGFs are involved in a wide variety of signalling processes and are found in all vertebrates. At least two different receptor chains (A and B) and four types of ligand chains (A, B, C, and D) are known forming a wide variety of combinations of receptor-ligand complexes.
OBSOLETE. Combining with anti-Mullerian hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gold nanoparticle stimulus.
RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain phosphoserine binding
Binding to phosphorylated serine residues in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II.
RNAP II C-terminal domain phosphoserine binding
RNA Pol II C-terminal domain phosphoserine binding
The movement of a neutrophil within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
response to transition metal nanoparticle
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transition metal nanoparticle.
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity
Any peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation that is involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity.
A protein complex consisting of two chains of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) subunits. PDGF dimers bind to PDGF receptors in the plasma membrane and induce receptor dimerisation and activation. PDGFs are involved in a wide variety of signalling processes. PDGFs are found in all vertebrates where at least 2 different chains (A and B) exist. In human (and other mammals), four types of PDGF chains (A, B, C, and D) are known which form five different dimers (AA, AB, BB, CC and DD).
anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of anti-Mullerian hormone to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
A MAPK cascade that occurs as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
MAPK cascade involved in nutrient response signaling
obsolete negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by transcription factor localization involved in response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter using a mechanism that involves the localization of a transcription factor and initiated in response to the DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the unspliced pre-mRNA (pre-messenger RNA).
The modification of a histone by addition of a methyl group to an glutamine residue.
histone H2AQ104 methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H2A)-glutamine (position 104) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H2A)-N5-methyl-glutamine (position 104). Note that this corresponds to Q105 in yeast.
histone glutamine methyltransferase activity
histone-glutamine methyltransferase activity
histone glutamine N-methyltransferase activity
histone-glutamine N-methyltransferase activity
Grouping of multiple copies of a signal at a cellular location. May promote receptor clustering and alter the signal transduction response.
A cytoplasmic dense-core vesicle that transports a range of proteins including piccolo, bassoon, N-cadherin and syntaxin. The transported proteins may be associated with the external side of the vesicle, rather than being contained within the vesicle, therefore forming an aggregate of vesicle and proteins. Piccolo-bassoon transport vesicles (or PTVs) range in size from approximately 80 nm in diameter for dense core vesicles to 130 nm by 220 nm in area for aggregates. They are packaged via the trans-Golgi network before being transported through the axon.
Binding to a keratin filament, an intermediate filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a subsynaptic reticulum. A subsynaptic reticulum is an elaborate tubulolamellar membrane system that underlies the postsynaptic cell membrane.
A protein complex that contributes to the endocytic process and bud growth in yeast. It is involved in the precise timing of actin assembly during endocytosis.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of leucine.
transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition complex
A protein complex that is capable of identifying lesions in DNA on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex as well as a small subset of lesions not recognized by the general nucleotide-excision repair pathway. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests that the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix. It subsequently recruits a nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex.
An nuclear body involved in nuclear mRNA surveilllance. Contains at least Mmi1, or an ortholog of it, and the nuclear exosome.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to DNA damage
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of DNA damage.
nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition complex
A protein complex that is capable of identifying lesions in DNA, such as pyrimidine-dimers, intrastrand cross-links, and bulky adducts. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests that the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix. It subsequently recruits a nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex.
A calcium channel complex in the mitochondrial inner membrane capable of highly-selective calcium channel activity. Its components include the EF-hand-containing proteins mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1) and MICU2, the pore-forming subunit mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and its paralog MCUb, and the MCU regulator EMRE.
N6-methyladenosine-containing RNA binding
Binding to an RNA molecule modified by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a modification present at internal sites of mRNAs and some non-coding RNAs.
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2A-threonine (position 120) + ATP = histone H2A-phosphothreonine (position 120) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the threonine residue at position 120 of histone H2A.
histone kinase activity (H2A-T120 specific)
histone threonine kinase activity (H2A-T120 specific)
obsolete histone H2A-T120 phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H2A by the addition of a phosphate group to a threonine residue at position 120 of the histone.
OBSOLETE. A protein complex involved in the innate immune response.
A heterodimeric transcription factor complex composed of the bZIP proteins atf1 and pcr1. The heterodimer binds m26 sites (homologous to CRE).
OBSOLETE. A protein complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose. An example of this is STING in E. coli (Q86WV6).
A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of Bre1 and Rad6 that mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2B to form H2BK123ub1. H2BK123ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation, elongation by RNA polymerase II, telomeric silencing, and is also a prerequisite for H3K4me and H3K79me formation. It thereby plays a central role in histone code and gene regulation. It also modulates the formation of double-strand breaks during meiosis.
A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of UBR1 and RAD6 components. It polyubiquitinates proteins containing non-acetylated N-terminal residues causing their subsequent degradation by the proteasome as part of the Ac/N-End Rule pathway. It recognizes non-acetylated N-terminal methionine if it is followed by a hydrophobic residue. Additionally, it acts in an N-end rule independent manner as a component of a novel quality control pathway for proteins synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes.
Binding to a cellulosome, an extracellular multi-enzyme complex containing several enzymes aligned on a non-catalytic scaffolding that functions to hydrolyze plant cell wall polysaccharides.
Protein complex that associates with the kinetochores.
Bub1-Bub3 complex localization to kinetochore
A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a Bub1-Bub3 complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the kinetochore.
A renal system process in which amino acids are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
peptidyl-threonine trans-autophosphorylation
The phosphorylation of a peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer.
A cytoskeletal part that consists of an array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms at the end of anaphase, and in which microtubules are nucleated from an equatorial microtubule organizing center.
A process in which RNA is transported to and maintained in a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
A protein complex that is capable of efflux transmembrane transporter activity.
efflux transmembrane transporter complex
obsolete positive regulation of MBF transcription factor activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor MBF.
obsolete negative regulation of MBF transcription factor activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the transcription factor MBF.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the 5'-gamma-phosphate in an RNA molecule.
parasexual reproduction with cellular fusion
A type of reproduction in which new individuals are produced from two individuals, with the fusion of two somatic cells.
parasexual conjugation with cellular fusion
mitotic actomyosin contractile ring disassembly
Any disaggregation of an actomyosin contractile ring into its constituent components that is involved in a mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic contractile actomyosin ring disassembly
anti-Mullerian hormone receptor activity
Combining with anti-Mullerian hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
The addition of a methylphosphate cap at the 5'-end of 7SK snRNA (7SK RNA). Capping 7SK RNA stabilizes it.
A protein complex that acts as a two-component GTPase-activating protein for Tem1 GTPase, thus regulating a signal transduction cascade, called the mitotic exit network (MEN), which is required for mitotic exit and cytokinesis. Bub2/Bfa1 keeps Tem1 inactive until the spindle is properly oriented, thus inhibiting MEN activation.
A type-I transmembrane protein complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consisting of an IRE1-IRE1 dimer, which forms in response to the accumulation of unfolded protein in the ER. The dimeric complex has endoribonuclease (RNase) activity and evokes the unfolded protein response (UPR) by cleaving an intron of a mRNA coding for the transcription factor HAC1 in yeast or XBP1 in mammals; the complex cleaves a single phosphodiester bond in each of two RNA hairpins (with non-specific base paired stems and loops of consensus sequence CNCNNGN, where N is any base) to remove an intervening intron from the target transcript.
mitotic checkpoint complex, CDC20-MAD2 subcomplex
A protein complex involved in the spindle checkpoint, preventing the activation of the anaphase-promoting complex until all chromosomes are correctly attached in a bipolar fashion to the mitotic spindle. In budding yeast this complex consists of Mad2p and Cdc20p, and in mammalian cells it consists of MAD2 and CDC20.
A heterotetrameric protein complex involved in the sulfur transfer during iron-sulfur cluster assembly and in the modification of tRNA wobble positions. In E. coli it consisting of a central IscS dimer with the IscU protomers attached to one of the IscS units each via a disulfide (-SSH) group.
A tetrameric protein complex capable of acetyltransferase activity. It can catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to an acceptor residue on histone H-3, histone H-4, or on polyamines. The complex is also capable of acetylating certain small basic proteins. The two Hpa2 dimers that make up the tetramer are held together by interactions between the bound acetyl-CoA molecules.
A protein complex that cycles between the nucleus where it is part of the RNA polymerase II and the cytoplasmic mRNA processing body where it mediates the two major cytoplasmic mRNA decay pathways.
A heterotetrameric protein complex involved in the sulfur-relay system required for 2-thiolation of 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (mnm5s2U) at tRNA wobble positions. In E. coli it consists of a central IscS dimer with the two TusA protomers bound to one of the IscS units each via persulfide (-SSH) groups.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXVIII) chains.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXV) chains; type XXV collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXVI) chains.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXVII) chains. These trimers form thin, non-striated fibrils. Type XXVII collagen triple helices play a role during the calcification of cartilage and the transition of cartilage to bone.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXIII) chains; type XXIII collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXIV) chains; type XXIV collagen triple helices may participate in regulating type I collagen fibrillogenesis at specific anatomical locations during fetal development.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXI) chains; type XXI collagen triple helices found in the extracellular matrix component of blood vessel walls and in the cytoplasm of cultured human aortic smooth muscle.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXII) chains; type XXII collagen triple helices acts as a cell adhesion ligand for skin epithelial cells and fibroblasts.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIX) chains; type XIX collagen triple helices localize to basement membrane zones in differentiating muscle cells.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XX) chains.
A protein complex consisting of Atg1 (or Atg1 homologs e.g. ULK1, ULK2 in mammals) and Atg13 along with other proteins that regulate its function (e.g. Atg17 in yeast or RB1CC1(FIP200) in mammals). This complex has serine/threonine protein kinase activity and is involved in autophagosome formation.
A protein complex involved in septin ring formation during mitosis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae it consists of BNI5, CDC3, CDC10, CDC11, CDC12, GIN4, NAP1 and SHS1. At least 2 GIN4 molecules are involved.
cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus.
cellular response to insulin-like growth factor
A protein complex that consists of a phospho relay component and a MAPK cascade component. The complex is involved in signaling oxidative stress and osmostress.
Binding to a type-II cohesin domain of a protein. Type-II cohesin domain is the binding partner of type-II dockerin domain.
Binding to a type-III cohesin domain of a protein. Type-III cohesin domain is the binding partner of type-III dockerin domain.
Binding to a type-III dockerin domain of a protein. Type-III dockerin domain is the binding partner of type-III cohesin domain.
Binding to a type-I cohesin domain of a protein. Type-I cohesin domain is the binding partner of type-I dockerin domain.
Binding to a type-I dockerin domain of a protein. Type-I dockerin domain is the binding partner of type-1 cohesin domain.
Binding to a type-II dockerin domain of a protein. Type-II dockerin domain is the binding partner of type-II cohesin domain.
A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of RSP5 and BUL components. It polyubiquinates plasma membrane transporters and permeases, required for their endocytosis and subsequent degradation in the vacuole. BUL1 or BUL2, respectively, bind to the target protein, enabling ubiquitylation by Rsp5. Phosphorylation of BUL proteins results in binding to 14-3-3 proteins, protecting the permeases from down-regulation.
A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of MUB1, RAD6 and UBR2 components. It ubiquitinates, and targets for destruction, the RPN4 transcription factor, which upregulates the proteasome genes. The binding of MUB1 may position the RPN4 ubiquitylation site proximal to the Ubiquitin-RAD6 thioester and allow the transfer of Ubiquitin from RAD6 to RPN4. One of its components, MUB1, is a short-lived protein ubiquitinated by the UBR2-RAD6 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme.
A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of RAD6 and UBR2 components. It may act in a quality control pathway for proteins synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes. The UBR2 component lacks sequence motifs required for N-end rule degradation.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic acid.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aldehyde.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of phenols.
Catalysis of the reaction: butanal + NADH + H+ => n-butanol + NAD+.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of hydrolysate (any product of hydrolysis).
A protein complex capable of phosphorylating a large number of protein targets. Contributes to cell proliferation under glycose starvation conditions. In human, the complex is present as a dimer.
A protein complex capable of pyruvate kinase activity. PKM2 only exists as homotetramer when bound to beta-d-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate (CHEBI:28013).
A multifunctional supermolecular complex, containing several proteins with hemicellulase activity. Functions to hydrolyze hemicellulose.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a zinc ion stimulus.
OBSOLETE. A protein complex consisting of a SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) protein bound to a SUMO-conjugating E2 ligase. Sumoylation of the E2 ligase is an intermediate step required for the formation of covalent bonds between a SUMO protein and its ultimate protein target. SUMO is transferred to the E2 ligase by a SUMO-activating E1 enzyme. Sumoylation of the target protein is either facilitated directly by the sumoylated E2 ligase or aided by an optional E3 ligase.
An actin-rich cytoskeletal network located beneath the microvilli of the apical plasma membrane of polarized epithelial cells. In addition to actin filaments, the terminal web may contain actin-binding proteins, myosin motor proteins, and intermediate filaments. The terminal web can function as a contractile structure that influences the spatial distribution of microvilli as well as the development and morphogenesis of tissues containing polarized epithelial cells.
A protein complex consisting of a SUMO protein bound to a SUMO activating enzyme complex. Activation by the E1 complex and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I is required for the formation of covalent bonds between SUMO and its ultimate target proteins.
L-methionine salvage from methionine sulphoxide
The generation of L-methionine from methionine sulphoxide.
methionine salvage from methionine sulphoxide
A homodimeric protein complex composed of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1. Plays a role in regulating association of RNA polymerase II with active genes.
BRE1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex
A ubiquitin ligase complex. In D. melanogaster, it regulates ubiquitination and proteolysis of the BMP receptor Thickveins in cystoblasts, potentially by controlling Tkv ubiquitination and degradation.
A protein complex facilitating glucose transport into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
A protein complex facilitating transport of molecules (proteins, small molecules, nucleic acids) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
obsolete G/A mismatch specific adenine DNA glycosylase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the removal of adenine misinserted into nascent strand opposite guanine in the template by adenine DNA glycosylase activity. The reaction leaves an apurinic AP site. I also requested same term but for Go/A mismatch. If you think it is better to make one term for mismatched adenine that is fine by me.
gap junction-mediated intercellular transport
The movement of substances between cells via gap junctions. A gap junction is a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in animal cells, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell, allowing ions and other molecules to pass freely between the two cells.
A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BID and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.
obsolete G*/A mismatch-specific adenine-DNA glycosylase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the removal of adenine misinserted into nascent strand opposite 8-oxoG in the template by adenine DNA glycosylase activity. The reaction leaves an apyrimidinic (AP) site.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a secondary cell septum following nuclear division.
A region of facultative heterochromatin formed dynamically at specific loci in response to environmental signals, independently of RNAi.
A region of heterochromatin that is formed dynamically under specific growth conditions by a process that requires RNAi, and is enriched in histone H3 methylated on lysine 9 (H3K9me).
A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.
A homotrimeric or homopentameric glycoprotein that functions at the interface of the cell membrane and the extracellular matrix through its interactions with proteins and proteoglycans, such as collagens, integrins and fibronectin, to regulate matrix structure and cellular behaviour.
A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta2 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.
A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.
Transmembrane complex that mediates resistance to copper and silver by cation efflux directly from the cell using the proton-motive force. Spans the inner membrane, periplasm, and outer membrane. Primarily activated under anaerobic conditions by CusR and CusS but also expressed under extreme copper stress, in aerobic growth.
The regrowth of lost or destroyed epithelium.
single-strand break repair via homologous recombination
The error-free repair of a single-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.
Any process which produces queuosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell wall damage. The process begins with detection of the damage and ends with a change in state or activity of the cell.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the meiotic spindle pole body.
A trimeric cell-cell fusion complex that serves as a scaffold for zippering up the extracellular domains, bringing the transmembrane segments into close proximity such that they can continue zippering within the two membranes into one. Two prefusion monomers cluster at the surface of adjacent cells. Parallel EFF-1 interactions occur across cells and a third monomer, which can come from either cell, adds on to make an intermediate, extended trimer.
A protein complex, at least composed of CUL7, CCDC8 and OBSL1, that is required for maintaining microtubule and genome integrity.
A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 33 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein.
A protein complex involved in DNA repair processes including direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
The directed movement of iron ions into the phloem from the xylem.
CUE1-UBC7 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex
A protein complex capable of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme activity during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, UBC7 is the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) and requires binding to the ER surface by CUE1.
CUE1-UBC7 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2)
Advancement of the mitotic cleavage furrow from the outside of the cell inward towards the center of the cell. The cleavage furrow acts as a 'purse string' which draws tight to separate daughter cells during mitotic cytokinesis and partition the cytoplasm between the two daughter cells. The furrow ingresses until a cytoplasmic bridge is formed.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lactosyl-ceramide derivative in which a galactose is linked to the galactose via an alpha 1,3 linkage (vs alpha 1,4 for globosides).
The developmental process in which the hyaloid vascular plexus is destroyed as a part of its normal progression.
The area in the center of the meiotic spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.
OBSOLETE. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a melanosome, a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of biotin.
Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys48 residue of ubiquitin.
Binding to a ubiquitin-specific protease.
A protein complex capable of sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity through binding to a symmetrical DNA sequence (E-boxes) (5'-CACGTG-3'). Found in a variety of viral and cellular promoters.
lipid transport across blood-brain barrier
The directed movement of lipid molecules passing through the blood-brain barrier.
lipid transport across blood brain barrier
obsolete negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to nitrogen starvation
OBSOLETE. A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to nitrogen starvation that results in negative regulation of mitotic G1/S transition.
An extracellular matrix consisting of a densely packed organomineral assembly in which the mineral phase represents the majority of the material by weight.
Kir2 inward rectifier potassium channel complex
A inward rectifier potassium channel complex. Homo- or heterotetramer composed of subunits of the eukaryotic Kir2 protein family. Plays a key role in maintaining the correct resting potential in eukaryotic cells.
The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the baculum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
obsolete process resulting in tolerance to organic acid
OBSOLETE. A response that results in a state of tolerance to organic acid.
obsolete process resulting in tolerance to aldehyde
OBSOLETE. A response that results in a state of tolerance to aldehyde.
obsolete process resulting in tolerance to phenol
OBSOLETE. A response that results in a state of tolerance to phenol.
obsolete process resulting in tolerance to hydrolysate
OBSOLETE. A response that results in a state of tolerance to hydrolysate (product of hydrolysis).
Binding to a protein that is part of an extracellular matrix.
The process of forming the mature 3' end of a priRNA molecule.
The directed movement of microRNA (miRNA) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A protein complex responsible for transporting proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. An example of this complex is Pex14 found in S. cerevisae which has 9 core components and 12 transient interaction partners.
mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing
Replication fork processing that includes recombination between DNA near the arrested fork and homologous sequences. Proteins involved in homologous recombination are required for replication restart.
homologous recombination-dependent replication fork processing
homologous recombination dependent replication fork recovery
mitotic recombination involved in collapsed replication fork processing
mitotic recombination involved in recovery from replication fork arrest
mitotic recombination involved in recovery from replication fork stalling
mitotic recombination involved in replication fork processing
mitotic recombination involved in replication fork restart
mitotic recombination involved in replication restart
An electron-dense plaque at either end of a stereocilia tip link that provides the anchor in the stereocilia membrane.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein arginine = ADP + protein arginine phosphate.
A voltage-gated calcium-release channel complex of the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum. It plays an important role in the excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling of muscle cells. RyR comprises a family of ryanodine receptors, widely expressed throughout the animal kingdom.
glyoxalase (glycolic acid-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxal + H2O = glycolic acid. Catalysis occurs in the absence of a cofactor.
A kinetochore component required for both meiotic and mitotic spindle assembly checkpoints.
establishment of septation initiation network asymmetry
The septation initiation signaling process by which the activity of the septation initiation network (SIN) is activated asymmetrically on the spindle pole bodies.
response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an elemental metal stimulus.
cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus
A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.
replication-born double-strand break repair via sister chromatid exchange
The repair of a replication-born double-strand DNA break in which the DNA molecule is repaired using the homologous sequence of the sister chromatid which serves as a template to repair the breaks.
hercynylselenocysteine lyase activity (selenoneine-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: hercynylselenocysteine + 2H+ = selenoneine + pyruvate + ammonium.
A small pigmented organelle used in single-celled organisms to detect light.
adrenomedullin receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular adrenomedullin combining with a dimeric adrenomedullin receptor on the surface of the target cell.
hercynylcysteine sulfoxide lyase activity (ergothioneine-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: hercynylcysteine sulfoxide + 2H+ = ergothioneine + pyruvate + ammonium.
calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) combining with a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor on the surface of the target cell. Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors may form dimers, trimers or tetramers.
calcitonin-gene-related peptide receptor signaling pathway
calcitonin-gene-related polypeptide receptor signaling pathway
A transmembrane, G protein-coupled signalling receptor complex recognized by calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP).
Calcitonin-gene-related peptide receptor complex
calcitonin gene-related polypeptide receptor complex
Binding to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).
calcitonin-gene-related polypeptide binding
NAD+-protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: amino acyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)-amino acyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.
The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit rRNA binding
Binding to a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit RNA (LSU rRNA).
The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Omega-shaped (as in the Greek capital letter) intracellular membrane-bounded organelle enriched in phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and dynamically connected to the endoplasmic reticulum. Omegasomes are the first step of the formation of autophagosomes via the phagophore assembly sites.
A protein complex that is anchored at the cortical face of the plasma membrane, and contains proteins involved in regulating cell cycle progression. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, lateral cortical nodes are several megadaltons in size, and contain Slf1, which anchors the complex at the membrane, and the methyltransferase Skb1 in stoichiometric quantities, and may contain other proteins.
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of iron ion. These include transport of iron away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of iron ion.
Binding to lipooligosaccharide. Lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) are the major glycolipids expressed on mucosal Gram-negative bacteria.
mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tethering
The attachment of a mitochondrion and an endoplasmic reticulum via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.
mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum attachment
mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum tethering
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle involved in the degradation of peroxisome by macropexophagy.
L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex
A type of voltage-dependent calcium channel responsible for excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. 'L' stands for 'long-lasting' referring to the length of activation.
cardiac muscle L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex
skeletal muscle L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex
A phospholipid phosphatase complex that catalyses the hydrolysis of the second messenger PtdIns (3,4,5)P3. Will also dephosphorylate PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns3P, and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. Dimerization is critical for its lipid phosphatase function.
phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten homodimer
phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN homodimer
Parkin-FBXW7-Cul1 ubiquitin ligase complex
A ubiquitin ligase complex containing Parkin (PARK2), the F-box protein FBXW7 (also called SEL-10) and a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily; substrate specificity is conferred by the F-box protein.
nucleosome disassembly/reassembly complex
A protein complex involved in the disassembly and subsequent reassembly of nucleosomes. It associates with the coding region of transcriptionally active genes where it interacts with the RNA polymerase II and affects its processivity during co-transcriptional RNA processing and maturation. It exists as a functionally independent part of the NuA4 complex.
Binding to a linear polymer of ubiquitin. Linear ubiquitin polymers are formed by linking the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule to the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in the homeostasis of organismal or cellular pH (with pH < 7). pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
Binding to an exon-exon junction complex, a protein complex deposited by the spliceosome upstream of messenger RNA exon-exon junctions. The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.
OBSOLETE. A G protein-coupled signalling receptor complex consisting of the calcitonin receptor and a receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP). Amylin is produced in beta-islet cells of the pancreas. It is implicated in selective inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose utilization and glycogen deposition in muscle, gastric emptying, gastric acid secretion, postprandial glucagon secretion and food intake and aids weight loss.
Binding to a U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.
Binding to a U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.
Binding to an F-box domain of a protein.
obsolete Multiciliate cell differentiation
OBSOLETE. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires features of a multiciliated cell, a specialized epithelial cell type that extends anywhere from 150 to 200 motile cilia per cell in order to produce a vigorous fluid flow critical to human health in several organ systems.
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to nitrosative stress; a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.
nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own threonine amino acid residues, or a threonine residue on an identical protein.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of an endoplasmic reticulum stress.
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to ER stress
ER stress-induced upregulation of transcription
stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to ER stress
upregulation of Pol II transcription induced by ER stress
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up-regulation of transcription induced by ER stress
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of an endoplasmic reticulum stress.
down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
ER stress-induced negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to ER stress
reduction of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter under ER stress
repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter under ER stress
suppression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter under ER stress
The posttranscriptional addition a methyl group to the 2'-oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an U6 snRNA molecule.
MAP kinase serine/threonine phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: MAP kinase threonine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase threonine + phosphate and MAP kinase serine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase serine + phosphate.
obsolete MAPK cascade involved in oxidative stress signaling pathway
OBSOLETE. The series of molecular signals in which a MAP kinase cascade activated by oxidative stress relays one or more of the signals, MAP kinase cascades involve at least three protein kinase activities and culminate in the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase. Just FYI in pombe the osmotic stress and oxidative stress MAPK cascade involve many of the same proteins, but the pathways are slightly different, therefore Im req this term.
The posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to the 2' oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an snRNA molecule.
An electron-dense plaque at the lower end of a stereocilia tip link that provides the anchor in the stereocilia membrane at the tip of the stereocilium from which the tip link rises.
An electron-dense plaque at the upper end of a stereocilia tip link that provides the anchor in the stereocilia membrane on the side of the stereocilium where the tip link ends.
The process of forming the mature 3' end of a siRNA molecule.
CSL-Notch-Mastermind transcription factor complex
A DNA-binding transcription factor complex consisting of CSL and mastermind proteins in complex with the cleaved, intracellular domain of Notch. It is required for both repression and activation of Notch target genes.
obsolete regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
obsolete actin filament organization involved in mitotic cytokinetic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
OBSOLETE. An actin filament organization process that contributes to actomyosin contractile ring assembly during mitotic cytokinesis.
obsolete mitotic cell cycle checkpoint inhibiting CAR assembly
OBSOLETE. A Mad2-dependent mitotic cell cycle checkpoint which delays cytokinetic actinomycin ring assembly if there is a delay in early M-phase.
OBSOLETE. A protein complex consisting of cyclin H and cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
archaeal proton-transporting A-type ATPase complex
A large proton-transporting two-sector ATPase protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane and is found in Archaea.
methane biosynthetic process from methanol and hydrogen
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methane from methanol and hydrogen.
methane biosynthesis from methanol and hydrogen
methanogenesis from methanol and hydrogen
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, in absence of oxygen.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, in the absence of oxygen.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid in the absence of oxygen. A fatty acid is any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignin in the absence of oxygen. Lignin is a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) in the presence of oxygen.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) in the absence of oxygen.
sphingolipid alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) = UDP + GlcA-IPC.
inositol phosphorylceramide glucuronosyltransferase activity
A histone deacetylase complex involved in chromatin organization. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe this complex consists of Clr6, Nts1, Mug165, and Png3.
OBSOLETE. Catalyzes the condensation of dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate to geranyl diphosphate, the key precursor of monoterpene biosynthesis.
The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an mRNA molecule.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultrasonic stimulus.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoic acid stimulus.
A synaptic vesicle belonging to the pool that remain unreleased even after prolonged stimulation causes a saturating degree of vesicular turnover. 50-80% of the total number of synaptic vesicles at a resting terminal bouton are in this pool.
Protein complex formed by an RNA binding protein Red1, an RNA helicase Mtl1, Red5, Rmn1, Iss10/Pir1, and Ars2/Pir2. This complex is required for the recruitment of the nuclear exosome to Mmi1 nuclear focus. It is likely related to the human CBCN complex. This complex is also known as RNA silencing (NURS) complex.
synaptic vesicle, readily releasable pool
A synaptic vesicle belonging to the pool of vesicles that are the first to be released as a result of chemical or electrical stimulation e.g. by an action potential, have the highest presynaptic membrane fusion probability and correspond to about 1% of the total number of synaptic vesicles at a resting terminal bouton.
readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles
A synaptic vesicle belonging to the pool that repopulate vacancies within the readily releasable pool (RRP) of synaptic vesicles, and require more significant stimuli than the RRP in order to release neurotransmitter; about 10-15% of the total number of synaptic vesicles at a resting terminal bouton are in this state.
Binding to dual-strand piRNA clusters, double-stranded DNA regions that give rise to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) where piRNAs originate from both DNA strands via noncanonical transcription.
Binding to a ciliary targeting sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize a membrane protein to the ciliary membrane.
Binding to piRNA clusters, double-stranded DNA regions that give rise to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs).
Binding to uni-strand piRNA clusters, double-stranded DNA regions that give rise to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that map predominantly to only one strand and exhibit hallmarks of canonical Pol II transcription. Uni-strand piRNA clusters are found in many taxa.
A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Pdp3 and associates with H3K4me3 via Pdp3p.
Protein complex found in Drosophila consisting of the gene products of cuff, del and rhi. It regulates the licensing of transcription of dual-strand PIWI interacting RNA (piRNA) source loci by binding to dual-strand-cluster chromatin, probably via the H3K9me3-binding activity of Rhi. Rhi binding brings the putative termination cofactor Cuff in close proximity to the nascent piRNA precursor transcript which it appears to protect from degradation.
The sumoylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.
A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Yng1p and associates with H3K4me3 using Yng1p.
D-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyacid + a quinone = 2-oxoacid + a quinol.
(R)-2-hydroxy-acid:(acceptor) 2-oxidoreductase activity
(R)-2-hydroxyacid:quinone oxidoreductase activity
(R)-2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase activity
D-lactate:quinone oxidoreductase activity
D-lactate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
aldehyde oxygenase (deformylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction a long-chain aldehyde + O2 + 2 NADPH = an alkane + formate + H2O + 2 NADP+.
A multiprotein complex that is involved in the transcription regulation of mating genes in the yeast S. cerevisiae.
A multiprotein complex that is involved in the transcriptional regulation of primarily filamentation genes, but also mating genes, in the yeast S. cerevisiae.
A protein complex located in the inner membrane of mitochondria that is involved in the assembly of the peripheral (or stator) stalk of the mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as the F1F0 ATP synthase). In budding yeast, this complex includes Ina22p and Ina17p.
Binding to a Baculovirus Inhibitor of apoptosis protein Repeat (BIR) domain.
Baculovirus Inhibitor of apoptosis protein Repeat domain binding
The process in which the nematode tail spike is generated and organized. An example of this process is seen in C. elegans, where the tapered tail spike is formed during embryogenesis by a filamentous process that passes posteriorly through hyp10, the tail ventral hypodermis; the filamentous process is formed by a binucleate cell, the tail-spike cell, that subsequently undergoes programmed cell death.
The regrowth of bone following its loss or destruction.
A protein complex that includes separase (a protease which cleaves cohesin as part of chromosome separation) and securin, a protease inhibitor. Chromosome separation is inhibited until securin is degraded by the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC).
obsolete m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase activator activity
OBSOLETE. Binds to and increases the activity of m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase.
single-stranded 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of single-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 3' to 5'.
pyrimidine nucleotide import into mitochondrion
The process in which a pyrimidine nucleotide is transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane, into the mitochondrial matrix.
mitochondrial pyrimidine nucleotide import
The pathway by which a ribonucleotide is removed from DNA and replaced by a deoxyribonucleotide. The ribonucleotide is incised by RNase H2, and further excised by an endonuclease. The resulting 1 nt gap is then repaired by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.
obsolete protein localization to photoreceptor outer segment
OBSOLETE. A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a photoreceptor outer segment, which is a portion of a modified sensory cilium.
An RNA interference where the silencing signal spreads 5' along the target mRNA, outside of the initial target sequence. Typically involves the formation of secondary siRNAs formed when the initial mRNA target sequence functions as a template for 5' to 3' synthesis of new dsRNA.
An RNA interference where the silencing signal spreads 3' along the target mRNA, outside of the initial target sequence. Typically involves the formation of secondary siRNAs formed when the initial mRNA target sequence functions as a template for 5' to 3' synthesis of new dsRNA.
Nuclear transcriptional repressor complex that is capable of negatively regulating CLOCK-BMAL-dependent transactivation of genes in a delayed negative feedback manner which generates circadian rhythms.
Transcription factor complex which interacts with E-box regulatory elements in target genes, including Period (Per1, Per2, Per3) and Cryptochrome (Cry1, Cry2), to activate their transcription during the daytime. The CRY-PER complexes inhibit CLOCK-BMAL1-driven transcription in a negative feedback loop to generate circadian rhythms.
Cyclin-dependent kinase complex which reversibly associates with the Mediator complex. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae it consists of SSN2, SSN3, SSN8 and SRB8.
Protein complex involved in the disassembly of Mago-Y14 from the spliced mRNA during first round of translation, independently of the translational machinery. Conserved from fission yeast to humans.
A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands during the mitotic cell cycle.
obsolete ATP-independent chaperone mediated protein folding
OBSOLETE. The process of inhibiting aggregation and assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that is dependent on interaction with a chaperone, and independent of ATP hydrolysis.
The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides, insulin-related peptides or neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a membrane-bounced dense core granule by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of a cell in response to increased cytosolic calcium levels.
mitotic DNA replication maintenance of fidelity
Any maintenance of fidelity that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
maintenance of fidelity involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
maintenance of fidelity involved in mitotic DNA replication
Steps required to transform a dense core granule generated at the trans-Golgi network into a fully formed and transmissible dense core granule. Dense core granule maturation proceeds through clathrin-mediated membrane remodeling events and is essential for efficient processing of cargo within dense core granules as well as for removing factors that might otherwise interfere with dense core granule trafficking and exocytosis.
A specialized secretory organelle found in neurons and associated with the formation of dendrodendritic gap junctions.
A protein complex that causes translational repression in Drosophila. Prevents assembly of ribosomes at the mRNA by interfacing with a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein leading to recruitment of the CCR4 complex and consequently, reduction of the mRNA's poly(A) tail length. The complex is also required for dorso-ventral pattern formation in the embryo.
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-cup complex
Component of the core exon-exon-junction complex (EJC). Fairly conserved in eukaryotes; in Drosophila, consists of the Mago and Y14 (tsunagi) gene products. Important for coupling nuclear and cytoplasmic events in gene expression. Inhibits the ATPase activity of eIF4AIII (Q9VHS8) to ensure a stable association of the EJC core with the mRNA.
Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.
Protein complex required for the asymmetric division of neuroblasts in Drosophila. Coordinates asymmetric localization of cell fate determinants with orientation of the mitotic spindle resulting in different daughter cells upon division. Localizes at the apical cortex of the neuroblast: Raps maintains, but does not initiate, Insc apically, while Insc segregates Raps asymmetrically. Complex appears to be conserved in mammals (composed of INSC and GPSM1 or GPSM2).
partner of inscuteable-inscuteable complex
obsolete regulation of actin filament organization involved in mitotic cytokinetic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
OBSOLETE. An actin filament organization process that contributes to regulation of actomyosin contractile ring assembly during mitotic cytokinesis.
regulation of cytoplasmic translation in response to stress
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
mitochondrial malonate(1-) transmembrane transport
The process in which malonate(1-) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial coenzyme A transmembrane transport
The process in which coenzyme A is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial isopropylmalate transmembrane transport
The process in which 2-isopropylmalate(2-) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial sulfate transmembrane transport
The process in which sulfate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transport
The process in which 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial oxaloacetate transmembrane transport
The process in which oxaloacetate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial 5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transport
The process in which 5'-adenylyl sulfate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transport
The process in which alpha-ketoglutarate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate transmembrane transport
mitochondrial 2-oxoadipate transmembrane transport
The process in which 2-oxoadipate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial FAD transmembrane transport
The process in which FAD is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial NAD transmembrane transport
The process in which NAD is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid transmembrane transport
The process in which a tricarboxylic acid is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial phosphate ion transmembrane transport
The process in which a phosphate ion is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial ATP transmembrane transport
The process in which ATP is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial thiamine pyrophosphate transmembrane transport
The process in which thiamine pyrophosphate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
mitochondrial S-adenosyl-L-methionine transmembrane transport
The process in which S-adenosyl-L-methionine is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial manganese ion transmembrane transport
The process in which a manganese ion is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a xylan= CoA + an acetylated xylan.
The directed movement of fructose substance from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
phosphoenolpyruvate transmembrane import into Golgi lumen
The directed movement of phosphoenolpyruvate into the Golgi lumen across the Golgi membrane.
Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + thermospermine + H+ = S-adenosyl 3-(methylthio)propylamine + spermidine.
The organization process that preserves a neuron projection in a stable functional or structural state. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a nickel ion stimulus.
A protein complex consisting of one subunit known as Dom34 or Pelota that has similarity to translation termination factor eRF1, and another subunit, Hbs1, that is a GTPase with similarity to translation termination factor eRF3. The Dom34-Hbs1 complex has a role in cotranslational mRNA quality control by promoting ribosomal subunit dissociation and peptidyl-tRNA release when translation is stalled, facilitating no-go decay and nonstop decay.
A protein complex that functions as a phospholipid-translocating P-Type ATPase. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Cdc50p and Drs2p proteins, and is involved in the trafficking of transport vesicles between the late Golgi and the early endosome.
phospholipid-translocating ATPase complex
A protein complex that functions as a phospholipid-translocating P-Type ATPase.
A protein complex that is involved in endocytosis in the yeast S. cerevisiae.
glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase I complex
A protein complex that is involved in the transfer of the four mannoses in the GPI-anchor precursor. In yeast S. cerevisiae this complex consists of Pbn1p and Gpi14p and in rat this complex consists of PIG-X and PIG-M.
Transcription factor complex consisting of ATF1 and ATF4 subunits that is capable of binding to cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3') of the GRP78 (HSPA5) promoter. Involved in the ER stress response pathway.
asparagine transmembrane import into vacuole
The directed movement of asparagine into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
A protein complex required for prokaryotic cell division (FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis). Part of the divisome. Assembled independently of the other divisome components in the cytoplasm prior to transport to the cell septum. In E. coli consists of FtsB and FtsL.
Transcription factor complex consisting of ATF4 and CREB1 subunits that is capable of binding to cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3') as part of the positive regulation of transcription. Regulatory targets include the GRP78 (HSPA5) promoter in humans, whose activation by this complex is part of the ER stress response pathway.
A protein complex required for prokaryotic cell division (FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis). These complexes are assembled and recruited to the cell septum in a strictly controlled sequence and co-ordinate invagination of the cell membrane, inward growth of the peptidoglycan layer, constriction of the outer membrane and separation of daughter cells.
A protein complex required for prokaryotic cell division (FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis). Part of the divisome. Assembled independently of the other divisome components in the cytoplasm prior to transport to the cell septum. In E. coli consists of FtsB, FtsL and FtsQ.
A complex of accessory proteins (cardiac troponin T, cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin C) found associated with actin in cardiac muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation important for muscle contraction.
hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose + a [protein]-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline <=> a protein-O-(beta-L-arabinofuranose)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + UDP + H+.
obsolete intracellular membrane-bounded organelle binding
OBSOLETE. The temporary binding of a protein or protein complex to the membrane of an intracellular membrane-bounded organelle.
Binds to and increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase D.
regulation of cytoplasmic translational termination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational termination.
OBSOLETE. The rupture of the lysosomal membrane and loss of contents as a result of osmotic change, G-protein-driven disintegration, or unspecified cause.
perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The membrane of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum, which is the portion of endoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular network of tubules and cisternae, that occurs near the nucleus.
peptidyl-serine trans-autophosphorylation
The phosphorylation of a peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer.
G protein-coupled glucose receptor activity
Combining with an extracellular glucose molecule and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
G-protein coupled glucose receptor activity
The removal of a methyl group from the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.
Any of the meiotic spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.
mitochondrial L-ornithine transmembrane transport
The process in which L-ornithine is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial ornithine transmembrane transport
A ribonucleoprotein complex that has RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity, and is composed of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and the non-coding RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (RMRP).
telomerase reverse transcriptase:RMRP RNA complex
potassium ion import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of potassium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The process in which GDP-mannose is transported across a membrane.
The process by which centromeres/kinetochores attach to and migrate along microtubules to become localized to clusters at the spindle pole body during a meiotic prometaphase I.
homologous chromosome movement towards spindle pole in meiosis I prometaphase
OBSOLETE. A centromere complex assembly protein that is required for the deposition of CENP-A on the centromere. The Mis18 complex localizes to centromeres just prior to the pre-nucleosomal HJURP/CENP-A/H4 complex and is absolutely required for the CENP-A-specific chaperone, Holliday junction recognition protein (HJURP) to reach the centromeres. Plk1 phosphorylation activates Mis18 complex recruitment to the centromeres during G1. CDK phosphorylation of MISBP1 during G2 and mitosis, prior to the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, negatively regulates complex assembly.
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transport
The process in which UDP-N-acetylglucosamine is transported across a membrane.
I(KACh) inward rectifier potassium channel complex
An inward rectifier potassium channel complex expressed in cardiac muscle, specifically the sinoatrial node and atria, where it controls the heart rate, via regulation by G protein-coupled receptor signalling. In mammals it is composed of GIRK1 (or Kir3.1) and GIRK4 (or Kir3.4) subunits.
GIRK1-GIRK4 G protein-coupled atrial inward rectifier potassium channel complex
Kir3.1-Kir3.4 G protein-coupled atrial inward rectifier potassium channel complex
A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that in S. pombe consists of the proteins Dis2, Ppn1, and Swd22.
Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein UFM1 to a protein, forming an UFM1 chain.
A protein kinase chaperone complex required for the proper folding, maturation and stabilization of target proteins (mostly signalling protein kinases, some steroid hormone receptors), usually during or immediately after completion of translation. The highly conserved, phosphorylated CDC37-Ser13 (vertebrates) or cdc37-Ser14 (yeast) is essential for complex assembly and target protein binding. CDC37-Ser13 (Ser14) is phosphorylated by Casein kinase II (CK2), which in turn is a target of CDC37 creating a positive feedback loop. Complex binding also prevents rapid ubiquitin-dependent proteosomal degradation of target proteins.
An exosome complex that is assembled in the multivesicular body (MVB) membrane and chaperoned to the exosome by the ESCRT-III machinery.
A protein complex that is wholly or partially contained within the lumen or membrane of the extracellular vesicular exosome.
OBSOLETE. Binding to a DNA methyltransferase.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to copper ion starvation
OBSOLETE. Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is deprived of copper ions.
A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of CHOP (C/EBP homology protein, GADD153) and ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3) subunits.
The dilated terminal portions of neurosecretory axons constituting the hypothalamohypophyseal tract, found in close proximity to sinusoidal capillaries in the posterior pituitary. Herring bodies consist of aggregates of membrane-bound neurosecretory vesicles where oxytocin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are stored prior to release. Each Herring body also contains ATP and either neurophysin I or neurophysin II which bind to oxytocin and ADH, respectively.
A receptor complex composed of two ANPR-A molecules and expressed in the heart atrium in mammals; it plays a major role in the regulation of blood pressure and salt-fluid volume homeostasis. Binding of the ligand AMP in response to atrial distension (high blood volume) leads to guanylate cyclase activity of the ANPR-A receptor complex, thereby elevating intracellular cGMP levels. The end result is a reduction in blood volume and, therefore, a reduction in cardiac output and systemic blood pressure.
An ESCRT complex that has AAA-ATPase activity and is involved in ESCRT-mediated intralumenal vesicle formation and the final stages of cytokinesis. The complex catalyzes disassembly of the ESCRT III filament around the neck of the budding vesicle in an ATP-driven reaction, resulting in membrane scission and recycling of the ESCRT III components back to the cytosol. In yeast, it is formed by the AAA ATPase Vps4 and its cofactor Vta1.
vacuolar protein sorting-associated complex
OBSOLETE. The ANPR-A:ANP complex is composed of the hormone AMP bound to the extracellular domain of ANPR-A domain. It is formed in the atrium in response to atrial distension (high blood volume) and leads to guanylate cyclase activity of the ANPR-A receptor, thereby elevating intracellular cGMP levels. The end result is a reduction in blood volume and, therefore, a reduction in cardiac output and systemic blood pressure. Therefore, ANPR-A:ANP complex plays a major role in the regulation of blood pressure and salt-fluid volume homeostasis.
The modification of histone H3 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone.
The directed movement of magnesium ions out of mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A heterodimeric transcription factor complex that is composed of CHOP (C/EBP homology protein, GADD153) and ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4, also known as cAMP response element binding protein-2/CREB-2) subunits.
Kelch-containing formin regulatory complex
A protein complex that regulates actin cable formation, polarized cell growth, and cytokinesis in a formin-dependent manner. In S. cerevisiae the complex is composed of Bud14p and two Kelch family proteins, Kel1p and Kel2p.
A LINC complex implicated in the connection of DNA double strand breaks to the cytoskeleton during DNA double-strand break repair.
acetolactate synthase regulator activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of acetolactate synthase.
regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation in response to stress
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
A process in which a mitotic spindle pole body is transported to, or maintained in, a specific cellular location.
establishment and maintenance of spindle pole body localization
establishment of spindle pole body localisation
establishment of spindle pole body localization
mitotic spindle pole body localization to nuclear envelope
spindle pole body localisation in nuclear envelope
spindle pole body localization in nuclear envelope
spindle pole body localization to nuclear envelope
glutamate-cysteine ligase regulator activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase.
Generation of a 'twisting' activity resulting in the scission of a membrane, driven by GTP hydrolysis.
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in cytokinesis after mitosis checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about whether cytokinesis has correctly completed, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cytokinesis after mitosis checkpoint.
A protein complex of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that consists of IRE1 (Inositol-requiring enzyme-1), TRAF2 (TNF receptor-associated factor 2) and ASK1 (Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, a MAP3K).
Binding to an RNA molecule containing GU repeats.
obsolete importin alpha-subunit nuclear import complex
OBSOLETE. A trimeric protein complex which functions to transport the importin alpha-subunit into the nucleus through the nuclear pore to facilitate another round of mRNP incorporation and regulation. In Drosophila it consists of Cdm (Imp13), Mago and Tsu (Y14).
The process by which the rods of the retina gradually become fully responsive to dim light when no longer exposed to bright light.
single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activator activity
Increases the activity of a single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activator activity.
5' overhang single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within 5' overhang single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
3' overhang single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within 3' overhang single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H3 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone.
A protein complex consisting of IRE1 (inositol-requiring enzyme-1) bound to AIP1 (ASK1-interacting protein 1/DAB2-interacting protein).
Catalysis of the reaction: L-altrarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O.
mast cell secretagogue receptor activity
Combining with basic secretagogues to initiate pseudo-allergic reactions in mast cells.
A protein ufmylation process in which a polymer of the ubiquitin-like protein UFM1 is formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 69 of the UFM1 monomers, is added to a protein.
nascent polypeptide-associated complex binding
Binding to nascent polypeptide-associated complex, a heterodimeric protein complex that can reversibly bind to ribosomes and is located in direct proximity to newly synthesized polypeptide chains as they emerge from the ribosome.
The multiplication or reproduction of sebocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A sebocyte is an epithelial cell that makes up the sebaceous glands, and secrete sebum.
Binding to a 4 iron, 3 sulfur (4Fe-3S) cluster, an uncommon iron-sulfur cluster with unique properties found in oxygen-tolerant Ni-Fe hydrogenases of various bacteria.
obsolete positive regulation of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage.
obsolete monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a monounsaturated fatty acid. A monounsaturated fatty acid has one double bond in the fatty acid chain with all of the remainder carbon atoms being single-bonded, as opposed to polyunsaturated fatty acids.
inositol-2,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 2,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 2,4,6-trisphosphate + phosphate.
inositol-1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.
inositol-4,5,6-triphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 4,5,6-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 4,6-bisphosphate + phosphate.
inositol-1,2,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prolactin stimulus.
A dimeric, sequence specific DNA-binding transcription factor complex regulating the expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Exists at least as alpha and beta homodimeric forms. Binds to regulatory regions of several acute-phase and cytokines genes and probably plays a role in the regulation of acute-phase reaction, inflammation and hemopoiesis. The consensus recognition site is 5'-T[TG]NNGNAA[TG]-3'. Transcription factor activity is inhibited by binding of CHOP forming heterodimers with alternative transcription factor activities.
The binding activity of a molecule that attaches the spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.
obsolete phosphorylase dephosphorylation
OBSOLETE. The modification of phosphorylases by removal of phosphate groups.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a castration stimulus, deprivation of gonads.
cellular response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
inositol-2,4,5-triphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 2,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of iron ion.
response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
obsolete inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.
A life cycle stage during which the reproductive capacity and fitness of an organism declines.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prolactin stimulus. The anterior pituitary hormone prolactin has a number of roles including being essential for lactation.
The dendrite of the dendritic tree that is closest to the neuronal cell body (the soma).
branching involved in submandibular gland morphogenesis
The process in which the branching structure of the submandibular gland is generated and organized.
submandibular gland branching morphogenesis
A type of punctate focus localized to the perinuclear region of germline cytoplasm in C. elegans. Mutator foci are required for RNA interference (RNAi) and serve as sites of small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) amplification. As such, proteins that localize to mutator foci include RNA-directed RNA polymerases (RdRPs) and beta-nucleotidyltransferases. Mutator foci are distinct from, but adjacent to or partially overlap, P granules.
A protein complex consisting of IRE1 (Inositol-requiring enzyme-1), RACK1 (Receptor of activated protein kinase C 1, GNB2L1) and PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A). RACK1 acts as an adaptor to bridge an interaction between IRE1 and PP2A.
Binding to the protein-tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB-4/HER4.
obsolete Sigma-E factor negative regulation complex
OBSOLETE. A protein complex consisting of RseA, RseB and RpoE. It form the inactive form of the sigma-E transcription factor. In response to stress, outer membrane proteins accumulate in the periplasm and activate cleavage of RseA periplasmic domain by DegS, triggering a proteolytic cascade that frees sigma-E to activate gene expression. RseB binding to RseA prevents activated DegS from cleaving RseA. Sigma-E-mediated envelope stress response is the major pathway to ensure homeostasis in the envelope compartment of the cell.
A protein complex found as a homopentamer of the phospholamban (PLN) protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane of cardiomyocytes. Cardiac PLN is a main determinant of muscle contraction and relaxation, by regulating intracellular calcium levels.
The membrane organization process that joins two mitochondrial outer membranes to form a single membrane.
The membrane organization process that joins two mitochondrial inner membranes to form a single membrane.
guanyl nucleotide exchange factor inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a guanyl nucleotide exchange factor.
negative regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation in response to stress
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of cytoplasmic translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
LDL-containing protein-lipid-RNA complex
A protein-lipid-RNA complex containing separate low-density lipoprotein (LDL), lipid and RNA molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.
endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. Such vesicles include COPII-coated transport vesicles involved in anterograde transport.
ER-derived vesicle fusion with ERGIC membrane
ER-derived vesicle fusion with ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
A macromolecular complex containing separate protein, lipid and RNA molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.
HDL-containing protein-lipid-RNA complex
A protein-lipid-RNA complex containing separate high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lipid and RNA molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.
A protein complex consisting of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1, also called M-CSF) dimer bound to a dimerized receptor (CSF1R, also called FMS). Receptor dimerization requires the presence of the ligand.
macrophage colony-stimulating factor:receptor complex
DNA double-strand break attachment to nuclear envelope
A process in which the DNA double-strand breaks are attached to the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body, or iMTOCs.
response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a melanocyte-stimulating hormone stimulus. The binding of any one of three melanocyte-stimulating hormones causes dispersal of melanosomes in melanophores of poikilothermic vertebrates.
The modification of histone H4 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone.
The modification of histone H4 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 12 of the histone.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the trans portion of the Golgi complex.
mitochondrial inner membrane assembly complex
A protein complex that promotes the biogenesis of mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase by facilitating assembly of the peripheral stalk. Loss of INAC function causes dissociation of the F1-domain from the membrane-integral Fo-portion.
mitochondrion inner membrane assembly complex
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the cis portion of the Golgi complex.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the medial portion of the Golgi complex.
medial-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi trans cisterna membrane
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a medial-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi trans cisterna. Vesicles are involved in anterograde transport.
obsolete intrinsic component of endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the ERGIC membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles.
vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi medial cisterna. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles.
vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles.
vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
vesicle fusion with ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane
vesicle fusion with ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) derived vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an ERGIC-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ER. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) derived vesicle fusion with ER membrane
ER-Golgi intermediate compartment derived vesicle fusion with ER membrane
A protein complex consisting of the serine protease PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9) and a low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Interaction typically occurs through the epidermal growth factor-like repeat A (EGF-A) domain of the LDLR, and complex formation promotes degradation of the LDLR through the endosome/lysosome pathway.
PCSK9:low-density lipoprotein receptor complex
A protein complex consisting of the serine protease PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9) and annexin A2 (AnxA2).
A transcription factor complex formed by two or more subunits of Nkx-2.5. Nkx-2.5 is an evolutionary conserved transcription factor important for the specification and differentiation of cardiomyocytes during heart development. It is also required for spleen development. It binds DNA either as a monomer, or a homodimer, or a heterodimer complex to activate or inhibit expression of genes.
A heterotetrameric protein complex comprising two Annexin A2 (AnxA2) monomers and two copies of its binding partner, S100 protein p11 (S100A10).
A protein complex composed of a S100A9 dimer and capable of binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) initiating signal transduction through NF-kappa-B pathways. Transports arachidonic acid between the cytosol and the NADPH oxidase complex at the plasma membrane in neutrophils as part of an inflammatory signal cascade leading to an oxidative burst. Complexes with microtubules to increase cell motility.
dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (fumarate) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + fumarate = orotate + succinate.
A protein complex composed of S100A8 and S100A9 and capable of limiting Mn(2+) and Zn(2+) availability at sites of infection. Also binds Ca(2+). Expressed and released by neutrophils and epithelial cells, it exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity attributed to its metal-binding properties. Endogenous ligand of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) initiating signal transduction through NF-kappa-B pathways.
A protein complex composed of a S100A8 dimer and capable of binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).
A transferase complex which is capable of transferring nitrogenous groups from one component to another.
transferase complex, transferring nitrogenous groups
The process of binding or confining manganese ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
The clustering process in which t-SNARES are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. t-SNAREs are cell surface proteins which are part of secretory microdomain assemblies.
A protein complex capable of stimulus-inducible nitric-oxide synthase activity. S-nitrosylates cysteine residues in target proteins, a principal mechanism of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated signal transduction. In mammals consists of NOS2, S100A8 and S100A9. S100A9 acts both as an adaptor linking NOS2 to its target and as a transnitrosylase that transfers the nitric oxide moiety from NOS2 to its target, via its own S-nitrosylated cysteine.
Part of the 9+2 axoneme, that occurs in most motile cilia, consisting of the projections off of the central pair of single microtubules.
One of two microtubules present in the axonemal central pair. It is distinguishable from the C2 axonemal microtubule (also called C2 tubule) by the presence of differing protein components of the projections.
Part of the 9+2 axoneme, that occurs in most motile cilia, consisting of the pair of two single central microtubules and their associated structures which include the central pair projections, the central pair bridges linking the two tubules, and the central pair caps which are attached to the distal or plus ends of the microtubules.
Part of the 9+2 axoneme, that occurs in most motile cilia, consisting of the two bridges which connect the central pair of single microtubules.
hydroxyproline O-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to hydroxyproline residues present in the peptide backbone.
Binding to an mRNA molecule coding sequence (CDS).
A protein complex containing at least HFE and a transferrin receptor (either TFR1/TFRC or TFR2), proposed to play a role in the sensing of transferrin-bound Fe (Fe2-Tf) on the plasma membrane to regulate hepcidin transcription.
A protein complex that negatively regulates apoptotic processes. In human, this anti-apoptotic complex is a homodimer of BIRC5 (survivin) and provides one survivin molecule to the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC).
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 complex
A homodimeric mismatch repair complex involved in binding to and correcting insertion/deletion mutations.
Transcription factor complex that inhibits binding of Tcf to beta-catenin while preserving interaction of catenin with cadherin thus inhibiting transcription mediated by beta-catenin-Tcf complex.
The associative learning process by which an animal learns and remembers an association between a neutral, unchanging environment and a putatively rewarding, internal state produced by a xenobiotic or drug.
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynaptic active zone.
A protein complex involved in the assembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex that in turn inhibits the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C).
obsolete integral component of Golgi trans cisterna membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the Golgi trans membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
The multiplication or reproduction of cholangiocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cholangiocyte population. A cholangiocyte is an epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water.
obsolete integral component of Golgi cis cisterna membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the Golgi cis membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
obsolete integral component of Golgi medial cisterna membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the Golgi medial membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of nucleolar chromatin.
establishment or maintenance of nucleolar chromatin architecture
obsolete integral component of endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the ERGIC membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoleyl group, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), to an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of a hydrolase reaction that removes a palmitoleyl moiety, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), from some substrate.
A protein complex composed of four proteins, loss of which results in Usher Syndrome type 2 (USH2 syndrome), a leading genetic cause of combined hearing and vision loss. This complex is conserved in many species; in mice, it is composed of USH2A, GPR98 (aka ADGRV1), WHRN, and PDZD7.
The removal of palmitoleyl group, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), from a lipoprotein.
obsolete intrinsic component of Golgi medial cisterna membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the Golgi medial cisterna membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of Golgi trans cisterna membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the Golgi trans cisterna membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
trans-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a trans-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the medial-Golgi cisterna. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.
trans-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with medial-Golgi cisterna membrane
obsolete intrinsic component of Golgi cis cisterna membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the Golgi cis cisterna membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
Golgi medial cisterna-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi medial cisterna-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.
medial-Golgi cisterna-derived vesicle fusion with cis-Golgi cisterna membrane
cis-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a cis-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the medial-Golgi cisterna. Vesicles are involved in anterograde transport.
cis-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with medial-Golgi cisterna membrane
Golgi vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.
Golgi vesicle fusion with ERGIC membrane
Golgi vesicle fusion with ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an ERGIC-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. Such vesicles include COPII-coated transport vesicles involved in anterograde transport.
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) derived vesicle fusion with cis-Golgi cisterna membrane
ERGIC-derived vesicle fusion with cis-Golgi cisterna membrane
ERGIC-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane
ER-Golgi intermediate compartment derived vesicle fusion with cis-Golgi cisterna membrane
ER-Golgi intermediate compartment derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane
OBSOLETE. Main portion of an axon, excluding terminal, spines, or dendrites.
The directed movement of a Schwann cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.
polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activator activity
Increases the activity of the enzyme polynucleotide adenylyltransferase.
The regulated release of trypsinogen from the cells of the exocrine pancreas.
A quatrefoil tethering complex required for endocytic recycling.
An extracellular vesicle released from the plasma membrane and ranging in size from about 100 nm to 1000 nm.
A protein modification process that results in the addition of a sialic acid unit to the end of an oligosaccharide chain in a glycoprotein.
obsolete non-selective anion channel activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the non-selective, energy-independent passage of anions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.
obsolete non-selective cation channel activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the non-selective, energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.
Catalysis of the reaction: pseudouridine 5'-phosphate + H2O = pseudouridine + phosphate.
The multiplication or reproduction of granulosa cells, resulting in the expansion of the granulosa cells population. A granulosa cell is a supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals. They develop from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge.
regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization
Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a vascular smooth muscle cell.
regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization
response to manganese-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by a manganese stimulus.
astral microtubule anchoring at mitotic spindle pole body
Any process in which an astral microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a mitotic spindle pole body. Microtubules attach to spindle pole bodies at the minus end.
gamma-tubulin complex localization to mitotic spindle pole body
Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at a mitotic spindle pole body.
establishment and maintenance of gamma-tubulin complex localization to mitotic spindle pole body
gamma-tubulin complex localisation to mitotic spindle pole body
gamma-tubulin complex localization to mitotic SPB
A non-membrane-bounded organelle found within the chloroplasts of algae and hornworts; responsible for carbon dioxide fixation.
A protein complex formed between the N-terminus of the giant sarcomeric filament protein titin and the Z-disk ligand, telethonin. The complex is part of the Z-disk of the skeletal and cardiac sarcomere. Telethonin binding to titin might be essential for the initial assembly, stabilization and functional integrity of the titin filament, and hence important for muscle contraction relaxation in mature myofibrils.
A protein complex between the ATPase VCP (p97) and its cofactor p47 (NSFL1C). In human, the protein complex consists of one homotrimer of NSFL1C/p47 per homohexamer of VCP/p97.
obsolete UV-damage excision repair, DNA incision
OBSOLETE. A process that results in the endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site, and is the first part of a DNA repair process that acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs).
mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint MAD1-MAD2 complex
A protein complex involved in the assembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex that in turn inhibits the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). The MAD1 dimer recruits the open form of MAD2 (O-MAD2) turning it into the closed form (C-MAD2) upon binding. C-MAD2 inhibits CDC20, a member of the APC/C, upon release from the MAD1-MAD2 complex.
A conserved, heteroheptameric, cytoplasmic protein complex composed of Lsm1, Lsm2, Lsm3, Lsm4, Lsm5, Lsm6, Lsm7, and Pat1, or orthologs thereof, that shows a strong binding preference for oligoadenylated RNAs over polyadenylated RNAs. May bind further associated proteins. Facilitates the deadenylation-dependent decapping of mRNA in the P-body thereby regulating mRNA decay and subsequent degradation by the 5' to 3' pathway.
A multimeric protein complex involved in tubulin alpha-beta-subunit folding assembly consisting of beta-tubulin-TFC-D, alpha-tubulin-TFC-E and TFC-C, through which tubulin subunit association and dimer release occur.
A homodimeric protein complex that is capable of binding a range of carbohydrates and is involved in anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic processes.
Combining with a cord factor, an M. tuberculosis cell wall glycolipid, and transmitting a signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate receptor activity
A serine/threonine protein kinase complex involved in cell survival, apoptosis and autophagic cell death pathways. DAPK1 is activated by the dephosphorylation of a n-terminal serine and calcium-calmodulin binding.
death-associated protein kinase 1 - calmodulin complex
cytoplasmic periphery of the nuclear pore complex
Cytoplasm situated in close proximity to a nuclear pore complex.
One of two microtubules present in the axonemal central pair. It is distinguishable from the C1 axonemal microtubule (also called C1 tubule) by the presence of differing protein components of the projections.
obsolete prostatic acid phosphatase complex
OBSOLETE. A protein complex that is capable of dephosphorylation of alky, aryl and acyl orthophosphate monoesters and phosphorylated proteins. Optimal activity in acidic environment (pH 4-6). In mammals it consists of a homodimer of ACPP.
Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, a phagosome.
cytoplasmic side of dendritic spine plasma membrane
The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface surrounding a dendritic spine.
response to immobilization stress combined with electrical stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus given while being held immobile.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell periphery.
A transmembrane signalling receptor complex found exclusively on platelets. Involved in haemostasis and thrombosis where it aids blood coagulation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an angiotensin stimulus. Angiotensin is any of three physiologically active peptides (angiotensin II, III, or IV) processed from angiotensinogen.
A spherical particle containing non-covalently associated proteins and lipids. Examples are plasma lipoprotein particles which transport lipids in the blood or lymph.
The appearance of a endothelin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoactive peptides involved in a variety of biological functions.
The regulated release of substance P, a peptide hormone that is involved in neurotransmission, inflammation, and antimicrobial activity.
The regulated release of matrix metallopeptidases, a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that can degrade extracellular matrix proteins and process other types of proteins.
small intestine smooth muscle contraction
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry in the intestine between the stomach and the large intestine.
clathrin-dependent extracellular exosome endocytosis
The clathrin-mediated endocytosis of an extracellular exosome.
clathrin-mediated extracellular exosome endocytosis
The flow of blood through the gastric mucosa of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients and the removal of waste products.
The portion of an axon or dendrite that is close to the neuronal cell body.
The process that results in the uptake of a prostaglandin receptor into an endocytic vesicle.
The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of a myofibroblast.
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry of the large intestine, exclusive of the rectum. The colon is that part of the large intestine that connects the small intestine to the rectum.
The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase involved in cytoplasmic translation.
Binding to a member of the arrestin family, proteins involved in agonist-mediated desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors.
osmolarity-sensing monoatomic cation channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when a change in the osmolarity occurs in the extracellular space of the cell in which the cation channel resides.
osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity
A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of an axonal or dendritic growth cone; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.
The mitotic cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable, end-on attachments to the plus ends of microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, oriented such that separation can proceed. This is the final step in metaphase plate congression.
ubiquitin ligase-substrate adaptor activity
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a ubiquitin ligase and its substrate. Usually mediated by F-box BTB/POZ domain proteins.
protein binding, bridging involved in substrate recognition for ubiquitination
Binds to and increases the activity of a ubiquitin ligase.
mitotic anaphase-promoting complex activator activity
obsolete GABAergic neuronal action potential
OBSOLETE. An action potential that occurs in a GABAergic neuron.
mitotic spindle microtubule depolymerization
The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule that is part of the mitotic spindle.
mitotic spindle microtubule depolymerisation
Any end of a microtubule. Microtubule ends differ in that the so-called microtubule plus-end is the one that preferentially grows by polymerization, with respect to the minus-end.
The region of the cell cortex in a mitotically dividing cell that flanks the central spindle and corresponds to the site of actomyosin ring formation that results in cleavage furrow formation and ingression.
An activity that faciliates the formation of a complementary double-stranded DNA molecule.
obsolete regulation of protein localization to cell division site after cytokinesis
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell division site involved in cell separation after cytokinesis.
A thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of an axonal or dendritic growth cone.
The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome centromeric region is maintained during homologous chromosome segregation after cohesin is cleaved by separase along the arm regions.
protection of centromeric cohesion during meiotic anaphase I
microtubule anchoring at mitotic spindle pole body
Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a mitotic spindle pole body. Microtubules attach to spindle pole bodies at the minus end.
A protein ternary complex that anchors microtubule minus ends to mitotic spindle pole bodies. The founding complex contains a microtubule anchoring protein (Msd1 in fission yeast), A WD-repeat Wdr8 family protein and and a minus end-directed kinesin.
Binding to an F-BAR domain of a protein, a domain of about 60 residues that occurs in a wide range of cytoskeletal proteins.
endoplasmic reticulum tubular network membrane organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network membrane.
ligand-gated ion channel signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a ligand-gated ion channel on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a ligand-gated ion channel and ends with a molecular function that directly regulates a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
ligand-gated ion channel signalling pathway
obsolete protein N-acetyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a nitrogen atom on the amino acid of a protein.
obsolete protein phosphorylation involved in double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining
OBSOLETE. Any protein phosphorylation process that is required for double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.
A scaffolding structure present within the inner region of the ciliary transition zone. The central cylinder lies between the outer doublet and inner singlet microtubules.
obsolete protein phosphorylation involved in DNA double-strand break processing
OBSOLETE. Any protein phosphorylation that is required for DNA double-strand break processing.
obsolete protein phosphorylation involved in protein localization to spindle microtubule
OBSOLETE. Any protein phosphorylation process involved in localizing a protein to the spindle microtubule.
obsolete meiotic APC-fizzy-related complex
OBSOLETE. An anaphase promoting complex bound to a fizzy-related family APC activator that regulates meiotic exit by activating the APC/C to target meiotic cyclins for destruction during meiosis.
obsolete protein phosphorylation involved in mitotic spindle assembly
OBSOLETE. Any protein phosphorylation that is involved in mitotic spindle assembly.
mitochondrial tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation
The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a mitochondrial tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.
A specialized region of the axon terminus portion of a photoreceptor cell axon. A photoreceptor cell is a neuron specialized to detect and transduce light.
OBSOLETE. The controlled release of cholecystokinin from a cell. Cholecystokinin is a peptide hormone that participates in pancreatic enzyme release in the gut and is also found in the brain.
The region of a cell situated by the cell sides which interface adjacent cells and near the base. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial cells.
A specialized region of the axon terminus portion of a rod bipolar axon. A rod bipolar cell is a neuron found in the retina and having connections with rod photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer.
cellular response to glial cell derived neurotrophic factor
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glial cell derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.
cellular response to astrocyte-derived trophic factor
substance P secretion, neurotransmission
The controlled release of substance P by a cell, in which the substance P acts as a neurotransmitter.
response to glial cell derived neurotrophic factor
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glial cell derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.
response to astrocyte-derived trophic factor
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dorsal root ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
A protein repressing GLI's transcription factor activity when SMO signalling is inactive. Upon ligand binding to the upstream receptor PTC (Patched) GLI dissociates from SUFU and activates transcription of hedgehog-target genes. In mammals it consists of SUFU and one of the GLI family proteins.
thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of thyroid gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of the thyroid gland epithelial cell population.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded DNA stimulus.
negative regulation of hh target transcription factor activity
Any process that decreases the activity of a transcription factor that activates transcription of Hedgehog-target genes in response to Smoothened signaling. In Drosophila, Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is the only identified transcription factor so far in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In vertebrates members of the Gli protein family are activated by Hedgehog signaling.
negative regulation of hedgehog target transcription factor
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded DNA stimulus.
response to water-immersion restraint stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of water immersion while being held immobile.
response to immobilization stress combined with water immersion
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase.
obsolete peptide pheromone transmembrane export involved in positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a peptide pheromone across a membrane and out of a cell by a secretion or export pathway used solely for the export of peptide pheromones that contributes to a conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.
OBSOLETE. A mitochondrion that occurs in between fibrils of striated muscle cells and responds in distinct ways to physiological triggers.
The regulated production of heat in response to short term environmental changes, such as stress, diet or reduced temperature.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis in the embryo or fetus during pregnancy.
OBSOLETE. A mitochondrion that occurs adjacent to the sarcolemma in striated muscle cells and responds in distinct ways to physiological triggers.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lectin stimulus. A lectin is a carbohydrate-binding protein, highly specific for binding sugar moieties.
Binding to a section of chromatin that is associated with gene promoter sequences of DNA.
poly(U)-specific exoribonuclease activity, producing 3' uridine cyclic phosphate ends
Catalysis of 3' exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U), to form poly(U)-N containing a 3' uridine cyclic phosphate (U>P).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an endothelin stimulus. Endothelin is any of three secretory vasoconstrictive peptides (endothelin-1, -2, -3).
A matrix composed of supramolecular assemblies of lysosomal enzymes and lipids which forms at a pH of 5.0 within the lysosome.
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding
Binding to double-stranded DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA, e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an odorant stimulus. An odorant is any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell.
obsolete insulin-like growth factor production
OBSOLETE. The appearance of an insulin-like growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The directed slow movement of non-membranous molecules in nerve cell axons. It is comprised of a Slow Component a (SCa) and a Slow Component b (SCb) which differ in transport rates and protein composition.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. Catalysis of the removal of clathrin from vesicle membranes, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.
cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukemia inhibitory factor stimulus.
cellular response to cholinergic differentiation factor
cellular response to carcinoembryonic antigen
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carcinoembryonic antigen stimulus. The carcinoembryonic antigens represent a family of glycoproteins.
cellular response to pregnancy specific glycoprotein
The process in which a hepatocyte (specialized epithelial cell of the liver) loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.
nucleoplasmic periphery of the nuclear pore complex
Nucleoplasm situated in close proximity and peripheral to a nuclear pore complex.
Binding to an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of an amino group from a substrate, producing ammonia (NH3).
obsolete magnesium-dependent protein complex
OBSOLETE. A protein complex that depends on magnesium in order for one or more of its components to remain a part of the complex.
Binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) of a specific nucleotide composition or a specific sequence motif.
basic amino acid transmembrane transport
The directed movement of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukemia inhibitory factor stimulus.
response to cholinergic differentiation factor
response to mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.
response to signal involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint
L-arginine transmembrane export from vacuole
The directed movement of L-arginine out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.
A focus at the mating projection tip where the cell wall is degraded during conjugation with cellular fusion. Actin filaments form an aster-like structure from this location.
vacuole-mitochondrion membrane contact site
A zone of apposition between the vacuolar membrane and the mitochondrial outer membrane, important for transfer of lipids between the two organelles.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n)-3'-adenine ribonucleotide. The primer may be an RNA or DNA fragment, or oligo(A) bearing a 3'-OH terminal group.
polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gastrin stimulus.
A complex formed by the association of Cdc13 (CTC1 in mammals) with Stn1 in yeast (OBFC1 in mammals) and Ten1 protein (also TEN1 in mammals) with single-stranded telomeric DNA. The CST complex plays a role in telomere protection.
The side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that faces the cytoplasm.
cytoplasmic side of nuclear pore complex
A heterodimeric complex that functions as a GTPase-Activating Protein (GAP) Complex for members of the Rag family of GTPases. In the budding yeast, this complex contains Lst4 and Lst7, while the orthologous mammalian complex contains follicular (FLCN) and either follicular interacting protein 1 (FNIP1) or FNIP2.
vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.
vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
The side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that faces the nucleoplasm.
nucleoplasmic side of nuclear pore complex
obsolete negative regulation of sterol import by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import, by down regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete intrinsic component of plasma membrane of cell tip
OBSOLETE. The component of the plasma membrane surrounding the cell tip consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the plasma membrane surrounding the cell tip or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the plasma membrane surrounding the cell tip.
OBSOLETE. A polymer of proteins that form a fine fiber.
A protein complex that is involved in the assembly of the V-ATPase complex. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this complex consists of Vma12p and Vma22p.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemokine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemokine stimulus.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sustained stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gastrin stimulus.
response to growth hormone-releasing hormone
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulus. Growth hormone-releasing hormone regulates the release of growth hormone, as well as some pancreatic proteins, and possibly other proteins.
response to growth hormone-releasing factor
obsolete response to intermittent hypoxia
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an episodic stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension.
A protein complex that resides in the inner nuclear membrane and anchors telomeres to the nuclear envelope. In fission yeast, it is composed of Bqt3 and Bqt4.
The multiplication or reproduction of acinar cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. An acinar cell is a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus).
A cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) complex that contains a kinase subunit and a regulatory cyclin subunit. An example of this complex in budding yeast S. cerevisiae consists of the Pho85 kinase and the Pho80 cyclin.
A protein complex that cleaves ubiquitin from specific substrates. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this complex consists of Ubp3p and Bre5p.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lectin stimulus. A lectin is a carbohydrate-binding protein, highly specific for binding sugar moieties.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an endothelin stimulus. Endothelin is any of three secretory vasoconstrictive peptides (endothelin-1, -2, -3).
methionyl-initiator methionine tRNA binding
Binding to methionine-initator methionine tRNA.
OBSOLETE. An anaphase promoting complex bound to an activator in the Fzr1 (human)/Mfr1 (pombe) family.
The attachment of a lytic vacuole to the endoplasmic reticulum, which may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.
vacuole-endoplasmic reticulum attachment
obsolete myo-inositol import across plasma membrane
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of myo-inositol from outside of a cell into the intracellular region of a cell across the plasma membrane.
protein transport along microtubule to spindle pole body
The directed movement of a protein along a microtubule to the spindle pole body, mediated by motor proteins.
obsolete histone H2A SQE motif phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an phosphate group to the serine residue in the SQE motif of the histone.
A membrane glycoprotein complex with aspartyl proteinase and metalloproteinase activity which is expressed in the gut. An example of this is found in the nematode Haemonchus contortus.
galactose-containing glycoprotein complex
Haemonchus galactose-containing glycoprotein complex
A protein complex containing a secreted Wnt protein associated with its receptor, Frizzled (Fz), and co-receptor low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) or LRP6.
obsolete Positive regulation of removal of reactive oxygen species
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of reactive oxygen species in a cell.
Any process in which the vacuole is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension combined with low atmospheric pressure. Hypoxia is defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95% and hypobaric is defined as atmospheric pressure below 0.74 atm (greater than 2,500 m above sea level).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to aversive or demanding psychological and social conditions that tax or exceed the behavioral resources of the organism.
obsolete Lys63-specific zinc metallopeptidase deubiquitinase activity
OBSOLETE. Hydrolysis of Lys63-Linked ubiquitin unit(s) from a ubiquitinated protein by a mechanism where zinc acts as the nucleophile.
A multiprotein protein complex containing membrane-localized Wnt receptors and cytosolic protein complexes, which is capable of transmitting the Wnt signal. Contains at least a Wnt protein, LRP5 or LRP6, a member of the Frizzled (Fz) family, Axin and and a Dishevelled (DVL) protein.
A cilium-like cell projection emanating from the inner segment and running alongside the outer segment of photoreceptors.
A protein complex that contains beta-catenin and a member of the T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer binding factor (LEF) family of transcription factors.
beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex
A macromolecular complex that contains both RNA and protein molecules.
A small, flexible, finger-like projection of cytoplasm containing an array of microtubles and located near the flagellar pores in some photosynthetic as well as nonphotosynthetic dinoflagellate species. Its functions are not fully understood, but it has been associated with feeding behavior (phagotrophy).
The cell pole proximal to the most recent cell division.
A constriction site at the junction of the plasma, flagellar and flagellar pocket membranes where the flagellum emerges from the cell body. Observed in some unicellular eukaryotic species such as Chlamydomonas, Giardia and Trypanosoma.
The cell pole distal from the most recent cell division.
obsolete meiotic DNA double-strand break clipping
OBSOLETE. The process by which SPO11/Rec12-oligonucleotide complexes are removed from 5' DNA double-strand breaks induced during meiosis. Proteins involved in this process include the MRX/MRN complex and Sae2/Ctp1/RBBP8(CtIP).
obsolete meiotic DNA double-strand break resectioning
OBSOLETE. The process following clipping in double-strand break processing of SPO11 induced breaks, where long-tract single-stranded 3'-end DNA is generated from naked (SPO11 has been removed) 5' ends.
protein localization to cell cortex of cell tip
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex of the cell tip.
OBSOLETE. A protein complex that phosphorylates serine 2 residues in the CTD domain of productively elongating large subunits of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme. In S. cerevisiae this complex consists of CTK1/CTK2/CTK3, in S. pombe Lsk1/Lsc1/Lsg1. Human CTK1 homologs include CDK12/13.
obsolete positive regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion.
regulation of protein localization to cell cortex of cell tip
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell cortex of cell tip.
The cell cycle process in which chromosome arm chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
mitotic chromosome centromere condensation
The cell cycle process in which centromere chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis.
mitotic chromosome condensation at kinetochore
The cell cycle process in which sister chromatid arms are physically detached from each other during mitosis.
2-polyprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-polyprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
Binding to a histone H4 in which the lysine residue at position 20 has been modified by trimethylation.
2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol-n + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
The posttranscriptional addition of one or more acetyl groups to specific residues in an RNA molecule.
obsolete protein serine/threonine kinase binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a protein serine/threonine kinase.
The modification of rRNA structure by addition of an acetyl group to rRNA. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
rRNA cytidine N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cytidine = CoA + N4-acetylcytidine. The cytidine is within the polynucleotide chain of an rRNA.
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of copper ions in a cell. These include transport of copper cations away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.
obsolete negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to DNA damage
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of DNA damage.
A mechanism to recapture 'lost' chromosomes (chromosomes which have become detached from the spindle) during metaphase of mitotic chromosome segregation. Chromosomes with unattached kinetochores are migrated along (non polar) spindle microtubules to the mitotic spindle pole body by a combination of microtubule depolymerisation and 'kinetochore sliding' (migration of the chromosome along the microtubule). The chromosome subsequently migrates along the polar spindle microtubule to the metaphase plate.
metaphase chromosome retrieval to the spindle pole body
microtubule sliding involved in kinetochore retrieval
microtubule sliding involved in metaphase chromosome retrieval to the spindle pole body
microtubule sliding involved in mitotic metaphase chromosome recapture
microtubule sliding involved in sister kinetochore recapture
mating type region replication fork barrier binding
Binding to the replication fork barrier found in the mating type region of fission yeast.
obsolete microtubule sliding involved in mitotic spindle elongation
OBSOLETE. The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule involved in mitotic spindle elongation.
Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic chromosome segregation.
peptidyl-aspartic acid autophosphorylation
The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own aspartate amino acid residues, or an aspartate residue on an identical protein.
vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation
The process in which a vascular smooth muscle cell (a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels) loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.
vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation
The addition of one or more acetyl groups to a xylan molecule.
A nuclear compartment containing significant amounts of non-nucleolar, spliceosomal components. It is commonly found in germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes, and is similar to both nucleoli and sphere organelles.
Binding to a protein involved in the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to form the mature form of the RNA.
Binding to 5.8S ribosomal RNA, a eukaryotic ribosomal RNA which forms a complex with 28S RNA.
microtubule cytoskeleton attachment to nuclear envelope
A process in which the microtubule cytoskeleton is attached to the nuclear envelope.
mRNA N1-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenosine RNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N1-methyladenosine as formaldehyde.
RNA N(1)-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity
RNA N1-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity
mRNA N6-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N6-methyladenosine RNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N6-methyladenosine as formaldehyde.
mRNA N(6)-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity
RNA N6-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of amino acids.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-sulfoquinovoside residues in alpha-sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerides and alpha-sulfoquinovosyl glycerol, generating alpha-sulfoquinovose.
The process by which synaptic transmission, induced by the arrival of a spike (action potential) at a synapse, acts to increase the amount of neurotransmitter released in response to the arrival of subsequent spikes. This effect is seen when a train of closely space spikes arrives at a synapse with a low initial release probability. It occurs in a timeframe of tens to hundreds of milliseconds.
calcium ion regulated lysosome exocytosis
The process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules contained within a lysosome by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, induced by a rise in cytosolic calcium-ion levels.
OBSOLETE. The lipid bilayer surrounding the amphisome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.
The multiplication or reproduction of hepatic stellate cells, resulting in the expansion of a hepatic stellate cell population. Hepatic stellate cells are found in the perisinusoidal space of the liver, and are capable of multiple roles including storage of retinol, presentation of antigen to T cells (including CD1d-restricted NKT cells), and upon activation, production of extracellular matrix components. This cell type comprises approximately 8-15% of total cells in the liver.
hepatic perisinusoidal cell proliferation
A protein complex that is composed of at least EXD1, TDRD12 and some PIWI protein. The complex is required for MILI slicing-triggered biogenesis and loading of MIWI2 piRNAs.
obsolete proteasome localization to nuclear periphery
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the proteasome is transported to, or maintained at the nuclear periphery.
OBSOLETE. A process in which a proteasome is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nuclear periphery.
double-strand break repair involved in meiotic recombination
The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix that contributes to reciprocal meiotic recombination.
proteasome-nuclear membrane anchor activity
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a proteasome complex and a nuclear inner membrane, to maintain the nuclear membrane localization of the proteasome.
nuclear membrane-proteasome anchor activity
nuclear membrane proteasome tether activity
nuclear membrane-proteasome tether activity
The outermost layers of the spore wall, as described in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
obsolete integral component of periplasmic side of plasma membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the periplasmic side of the membrane.
structural constituent of ascospore wall
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an ascospore wall.
obsolete response to microwave radiation
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a microwave radiation stimulus.
The plasma membrane that is part of the head section of a sperm cell.
The process whereby the centrosome is held at the cell center while the nucleus moves to the cell rear by actin retrograde flow resulting in the position of the centrosome between the nucleus and the leading edge of the cell.
Glycoprotein complex of the C1q/TNF superfamily involved in cell adhesion. A homotrimer that will combine to form supramolecular Multimerin structures.
Elastic microfibrillar interface 3 complex
Elastic microfibrillar interface 4 complex
transmembrane actin-associated (TAN) line
A linear array of nuclear envelope membrane proteins composed of nesprin-2G and SUN2, which couple the nucleus to moving actin cables, resulting in rearward nuclear transport (away from the leading edge).
trans-activation response element binding
Binding to a trans-activation response (TAR) element, a hairpin RNA structure located at the 5' end of all HIV-1 transcripts, and which is required for trans-activation of a viral promoter.
Glycoprotein complex of the C1q/TNF superfamily found in the extracellular matrix (ECM) where it is an important component of the elastic fiber system. A homotrimer that will combine to form supramolecular EMILIN structures.
Elastic microfibrillar interface 1 complex
Elastic microfibrillar interface 2 complex
modulation by host of RNA binding by virus
A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a viral gene product binding to RNA.
modulation by host of viral protein:RNA interaction
modulation by host of viral RNA-binding transcription factor activity
A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a viral RNA-binding transcription factor.
modulation by host of viral Tat activity
The process of generating ATP in the nucleus from poly-ADP-D-ribose. Nuclear ATP generation is required for extensive chromatin remodeling events that are energy-consuming.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a toxin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells where two or more organisms of the same or different species are involved.
A protein complex probably required for the internalization of endosomes during actin-coupled endocytosis. Links the site of endocytosis to the cell membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton, coordinating ARP2/3 stimulation at the later stages of endocytosis. Present in the late endocytic coat.
cytosylglucuronate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cytosylglucuronic acid + H+ = cytosylarabinopyranose + CO2.
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrier
The directed movement of a xenobiotic through the blood-brain barrier.
drug transport across blood-brain barrier
Establishment of the barrier between the blood and the retina. The blood-retinal barrier is located at two levels, forming an outer barrier in the retinal pigment epithelium and an inner barrier in the endothelial membrane of the retinal vessels. Both these membranes have tight junctions of the 'nonleaky' type.
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of basophils such that the total number of basophils within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane
A process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a xenobiotic by exporting it outside the cell.
obsolete response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulus. TRH increases the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary.
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of eosinophils such that the total number of eosinophils within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
The directed movement of a fibroblast guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
A protein complex that is located at the ciliary transition zone and consists of the NPHP4 and NPHP1 proteins. It acts as an organiser of the transition zone inner structure, specifically the Y-shaped links, in conjunction with the MKS complex. It is involved in ciliary protein trafficking and is required for correct functioning of the WNT and Hippo signaling pathways.
OBSOLETE. A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a manchette.
The movement of vesicles and protein complexes carried out by molecular motors, kinesins and dynein, along the microtubule tracks within the manchette and by myosin along actin filaments.
metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II
The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of meiosis II.
meiosis II metaphase/anaphase transition
second meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition
OBSOLETE. The assembly and organization of the manchette, a tubular array of microtubules, possibly also containing actin filaments, that extends from the perinuclear ring surrounding the spermatid nucleus to the flagellar axoneme.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a ubiquitin ligase.
mitotic anaphase-promoting complex inhibitor activity
metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I
The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of meiosis I.
first meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition
The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from meiosis I to meiosis II.
Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase of meiosis II to the creation of end products of meiosis, in which ploidy is reduced by half.
The disaggregation of a DNA recombinase complex into its constituent strand exchange proteins (recombinases).
Rad51 nucleoprotein filament disassembly
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from one or more positions within a tRNA molecule.
obsolete apoptosis in response to oxidative stress
OBSOLETE. Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell upon exposure to oxidative stress.
OBSOLETE. The immune response against a previously encountered antigen being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the primary response.
The removal of a methyl group from one or more residues within a tRNA molecule.
obsolete copper ion transport across blood-CSF barrier
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of copper ions passing through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.
obsolete regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in cell separation after cytokinesis
OBSOLETE. A regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in cell separation after cytokinesis.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a viscosity stimulus.
obsolete copper ion transport across blood-brain barrier
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of copper ions passing through the blood-brain barrier.
protein transport along microtubule to mitotic spindle pole body
The directed movement of a protein along a microtubule to the mitotic spindle pole body, mediated by motor proteins.
obsolete negative regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation from late origin
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of firing from a late origin of replication involved in mitotic DNA replication.
ADP-D-ribose modification-dependent protein binding
Binding to a protein upon ADP-ribosylation of the target protein.
mono-ADP-D-ribose modification-dependent protein binding
Binding to a protein upon mono-ADP-ribosylation of the target protein.
Cell-cell signaling that starts with the activation of extrasynaptic GABA receptors in neurons through binding of ambient gamma-aminobutyric acid present in the extracellular fluid.
Fc receptor-mediated immune complex endocytosis
An endocytosis process mediated by the Fc receptor for the purpose of delivery of antigen-bound immunoglobulin to an intracellular compartment where the antigen can be processed and loaded onto MHC molecules. This process selectively targets antigens for presentation by MHC class II or cross-presentation by MHC class I.
antigen-antibody immune complex uptake via Fc receptor
Fc receptor-mediated immune complex internalization
Ig-complexed antigen endocytosis via Fc receptor
The process in which glutathione is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.
poly-ADP-D-ribose modification-dependent protein binding
Binding to a protein upon poly-ADP-ribosylation of the target protein.
A transmembrane protein complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) involved in the correct folding of multipass membrane proteins in the ER membrane. In human, the substrate-binding Asterix (PAT10, WDR83OS) forms an obligate heterodimer with CCDC47.
protein de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2-hydroxyisobutanoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] = 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + L-lysyl-[protein].
NAD-dependent protein decrotonylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] = (2E)-2-butenoate + L-lysyl-[protein].
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone] = (2E)-2-butenoate + L-lysyl-[histone].
An extracellular vesicle that is approximately four microns in diameter, released by budding out of cells into the extracellular space, and hypothesized to be a mechanism for disposal of unwanted cellular material including protein aggregates and damaged organelles.
Transient adhesive interactions between platelets and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Carbohydrates on circulating platelets bind selectins or other molecules on the vessel wall causing the platelets to slow down and roll along the inner surface of the vessel wall. During this rolling motion, transitory bonds are formed and broken between surface molecules of platelets and endothelium.
NAD-dependent histone decrotonylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[histone] + nicotinamide.
NAD-dependent protein de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2-hydroxyisobutanoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2-hydroxyisobutanoyl)-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of platelet rolling.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of platelet rolling.
CCACCA tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an unstable tRNA + 2 ATP + 4 CTP = a tRNA with a 3' CCACCA end + 6 diphosphate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet rolling.
The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue by discharging a portion of the secreting cell when intracellular components are freed into a lumen through the shedding of whole pieces of the cytoplasm.
A reflex process that expels air forcibly from the mouth and nose in an explosive, spasmodic involuntary action resulting chiefly from irritation of the nasal mucous membrane.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferroptosis.
maternal-to-zygotic transition of gene expression
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression by which developmental control passes from the maternal genome to the zygotic genome.
The multicellular organismal reproductive process that results in the movement of an egg from within an organism into the external environment.
The multiplication or reproduction of Leydig cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Leydig cells are interstitial cells located adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testis which produce testosterone.
A sensory perception which causes the desire or reflex to scratch.
Formation of pollen intine, the inner layer of the pollen wall. The reticulate pollen wall pattern consists of two layers, exine and intine.
endoplasmic reticulum membrane biogenesis
The process in which an endoplasmic reticulum membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of pyroptosis.
kidney cortex tubule cell dedifferentiation
The process in which a kidney cortex tubule cell (specialized epithelial cell of the kidney) loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.
positive regulation of Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade.
negative regulation of Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade.
Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade
A protein activation cascade that generates the active Toll receptor ligand and consists of the cascade of enzymatic reactions initiated by extracellular recognition factors, leading to the cleavage of the inactive form of spatzle family of ligands.
regulation of Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatic sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure. Somatic sensory system is the sensory system for the sense of touch and pain.
serotonin-gated chloride channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when the biogenic amine serotonin has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.
positive regulation of postsynaptic density assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density assembly.
negative regulation of postsynaptic density assembly
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of postsynaptic density assembly.
Catalysis of the active transport of purine nucleotides across a membrane by a mechanism involving conformational change, where energy for active transport is derived from membrane potential if the solute is charged.
catecholamine secretion, neurotransmission
The regulated release of catecholamine by a cell in which the catecholamine acts as a neurotransmitter.
A migrasome-mediated selective removal of damaged mitochondria process that maintains mitochondrion homeostasis in migrating cells.
The receptor ligand activity of any polypeptide expressed in, and secreted from a neuron.
A multilamellar subcellular structure formed in the cytoplasm of developing neuron, composed of Tmem240 and Emd proteins.
Cyc8(Ssn6)-Tup1 general repressor complex
A corepressor complex containing the WD-repeat protein Tup1p (S. cerevisiae) and Tup11/Tup12 (fission yeast) and the TPR repeat protein Cyc8p (S. cerevisiae) ssn6 (fission yeast) that is recruited to target genes by DNA-bound repressor proteins preferentially at regions where histones are deacetylated by the Clr6 class I HDAC, and recruits the SWI/SNF and SAGA complexes to promoters.
The process of fusing together the edges of a craniofacial suture.
negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cGAS/STING signaling pathway.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of microfibril.
A protein complex composed of at least GAP45 (gliding-associated protein), GAP50 and myosin heavy and light chains. Anchored via GAP50 to the inner membrane complex of motile and invasive forms of apicomplexan parasites and regulates parasite gliding motility and invasion of host cells.
The mitotic cell cycle process in which the nuclear envelope, including nuclear pores, is equally distributed to the two daughter cells during the mitotic cell cycle.
serine-based site-specific recombinase activity
Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique DNA target sequences; occurs through a phosphoseryl intermediate in which the target sequence is first cleaved by the nucleophilic attack by a serine in the active site.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a plant endodermal cell.
programmed cell death in response to retinoic acid
Cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes and occurring as a result of a retinoic acid.
plant endodermal cell fate specification
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a plant endodermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cutin-based cuticle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cutin-based cuticle is an extracellular structure composed of a covalently linked macromolecular scaffold of cutin and a variety of organic solvent-soluble lipids that are collectively termed waxes. Such structures are found on the external face of polysaccharide cell walls in land plants.
multi-pass transmembrane protein insertion into ER membrane
A process of protein insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins is mediated by the multi-pass translocon complex and takes place following membrane insertion of the first few transmembrane segments of proteins by the SEC61 complex to promote insertion of subsequent transmembrane regions.
A homeostatic process in which the drive for sleep increases sleep propensity with prolonged wakefulness.
A homeostatic process by which the sensing of CO2 and/or H+ by the brain leads to appropriate altering in breathing to regulate blood gas and tissue pH.
A SIN signalling complex associated with the old mitotic spindle pole body during interphase and early M-phase and characterised by the presence active ubiquitin ligase (Dma1 in fission yeast) and GTPase activator (Spg1 in fission yeast) to inactivate SIN signalling.
new spindle pole body SIN signalling complex
A SIN signalling complex associated with the new mitotic spindle pole body during anaphase and characterised by the presence activated (GTP bound) GTPase (Spg1 in fission yeast) to activate SIN signalling.
A protein complex that mediates the insertion of multi-pass transmembrane proteins into endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Substrates enter via the lateral gate of the Sec61 translocon. The complex comprises the GEL subcomplex (composed of RAB5IF/OPTI and TMCO1), the BOS subcomplex (composed of NCLN/Nicalin, NOMO and TMEM147) and the PAT subcomplex (composed of WDR83OS/Asterix and CCDC47).
A protein complex associated with the mitotic spindle pole body during interphase and mitosis and comprises of the proteins of the septation initiation signalling network (SIN) of fission yeast or mitotic exit network (MEN) of budding yeast, organized by two scaffold/adaptor proteins.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of tetrahydroxoborate within a cell.
intracellular tetrahydroxoborate homeostasis
prevention of polyspermy during double fertilization
The regulation of double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm process that ensures that only a single sperm cell fertilizes one egg cell and another single sperm cell fertilizes one central cell.
An inflammasome complex containing CASP4, known as caspase-11 (Casp11) in mouse, which assembles upon cytosolic lipopolysaccharide-binding and directly activates Gasdermin-D (GSDMD).
non-canonical inflammasome complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a non-canonical inflammasome complex.
ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together an ubiquitin ligase and an ubiquitin ligase-substrate adaptor, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.
core protein activity for the CUL-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Casparian strip, a region of plant cell wall specialised to act as a seal to prevent back leakage of secreted material.
negative regulation of lipid droplet fusion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid droplet fusion.
negative regulation of non-canonical inflammasome complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical inflammasome complex assembly.
The process by which a single lipid droplet is created from the fusion of two or more lipid droplets.
The directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
intracellular monoatomic anion homeostasis
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic anions within a cell. Monatomic anions (also called simple anions) are anions consisting of exactly one atom.
intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic cations within a cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom.
obsolete cellular monovalent inorganic cation homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic cations at the level of a cell.
obsolete cellular di-, tri-valent inorganic cation homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent or trivalent cations at the level of a cell.
obsolete heavy cellular metal ion homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of ions of a heavy metal, a metal that can form a coordination bond with a protein, as opposed to an alkali or alkaline-earth metal that can only form an ionic bond; this definition includes the following biologically relevant heavy metals: Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, W, Zn.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of potassium ions within a cell.
A large complex that acts as a tethering factor involved in transporting vesicles from the ER through the Golgi to the plasma membrane. A TRAPP (transport protein particle) complex has a core set of proteins which are joined by specific subunits depending on the cellular component where a given TRAPP complex is active.
OBSOLETE. A cofactor for the serine protease complement factor I.
The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
The maintenance of established anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
The Ccr4-Not complex is an eukaryotically conserved deadenylase that can initiate cytoplasmic mRNA decay, and reduce translation by releasing poly(A)-binding protein (Pab1/PABPC1). Ccr4-Not contains seven core subunits, including two poly(A)-specific exonucleases, Ccr4/CNOT6/CNOT6L and Caf1/Pop2/CNOT7/CNOT8.
The core of the CCR4-NOT complex. In Saccharomyces the CCR4-NOT core complex comprises Ccr4p, Caf1p, Caf40p, Caf130p, Not1p, Not2p, Not3p, Not4p, and Not5p.
The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.
The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential cleavage of Arg-Xaa, Lys-Xaa, but with more restricted specificity than trypsin.
extracellular matrix structural constituent conferring tensile strength
A constituent of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to resist longitudinal stress.
extracellular matrix structural constituent conferring compression resistance
A constituent of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to resist compressive forces; often a proteoglycan.
obsolete adhesive extracellular matrix constituent
OBSOLETE. A constituent of the extracellular matrix that facilitates attachment of cells to the matrix.
extracellular matrix constituent conferring elasticity
A component of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of manganese ions within a cell.
A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a migrating cell or extending cell process; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.
Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
cell projection organization and biogenesis
cell surface structure organization and biogenesis
Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
Formation of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell.
Assembly of the parallel bundle of actin filaments at the core of a microvillus.
Formation of a microspike, a dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
actin filament reorganization involved in cell cycle
The cell cycle process in which rearrangement of the spatial distribution of actin filaments and associated proteins occurs.
actin filament reorganisation involved in cell cycle
actin filament reorganization during cell cycle
contractile actin filament bundle assembly
Assembly of actin filament bundles in which the filaments are loosely packed (approximately 30-60 nm apart) and arranged with opposing polarities; the loose packing allows myosin (usually myosin-II) to enter the bundle.
Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.
Disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament.
The severing of actin filaments into numerous short fragments, usually mediated by actin severing proteins.
Assembly of actin filament bundles in which the filaments are tightly packed (approximately 10-20 nm apart) and oriented with the same polarity.
Covalent modification of an actin molecule.
Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins.
The sliding of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other in muscle contraction. This involves a process of interaction of myosin located on a thick filament with actin located on a thin filament. During this process ATP is split and forces are generated.
Movement of a vesicle along an actin filament, mediated by motor proteins.
obsolete FK506-sensitive peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase
OBSOLETE. Interacts selectively with the immunosuppressant FK506, and possesses peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity (catalysis of the reaction: peptidoproline (omega=180) = peptidylproline (omega=0)).
OBSOLETE. A peptidyl-prolyl isomerase isolated from Escherichia coli. It does not have any function as an immunophilin.
OBSOLETE. Any member of a family of receptors that includes the major FK506 binding protein FKBP and cyclophilin. These two proteins are unrelated in amino-acid sequence, but both possess peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity which is blocked by immunosuppressants that block signal-transduction pathways leading to T cell activation such as FK506 and rapamycin, which block FKBP, or cyclosporin A, which blocks cyclophilin.
A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella.
A cell junction that forms a connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
A cell-substrate junction (attachment structure) found in epithelial cells that links intermediate filaments to extracellular matrices via transmembrane complexes. In vertebrates, hemidesmosomes mediate contact between the basal side of epithelial cells and the basal lamina. In C. elegans, hemidesmosomes connect epithelial cells to distinct extracellular matrices on both the apical and basal cell surfaces.
A cell-cell junction in which: on the cytoplasmic surface of each interacting plasma membrane is a dense plaque composed of a mixture of intracellular anchor proteins; a bundle of keratin intermediate filaments is attached to the surface of each plaque; transmembrane adhesion proteins of the cadherin family bind to the plaques and interact through their extracellular domains to hold the adjacent membranes together by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism.
Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amine + an acceptor (A) + H2O = an aldehyde + a reduced acceptor (AH2) + NH4+.
amine: (acceptor) oxidoreductase (deaminating)
primary-amine:acceptor oxidoreductase (deaminating)
aralkylamine dehydrogenase (azurin) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aralkylamine + H2O + 2 oxidized [azurin] = an aromatic aldehyde + 2 H+ + NH4+ + 2 reduced [azurin].
aralkylamine:(azurin) oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
aromatic amine dehydrogenase (azurin) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+.
NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase activity
NAD-dependent malic dehydrogenase activity
NAD-linked malate dehydrogenase activity
NAD-specific malate dehydrogenase activity
Any of the inward folds of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Their number, extent, and shape differ in mitochondria from different tissues and organisms. They appear to be devices for increasing the surface area of the mitochondrial inner membrane, where the enzymes of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are found. Their shape can vary with the respiratory state of the mitochondria.
mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex
Any of the heteromeric enzymes, located in the mitochondrion, that act in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
OBSOLETE. A structure formed of the cross-linked polymer peptidoglycan (also called murein) that forms a covalently closed net around a bacterial cell, and imparts structural stability to the bacterial cell wall.
OBSOLETE. The peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria.
obsolete respiratory chain cytochrome b6
The formation of mature insulin by proteolysis of the precursor preproinsulin. The signal sequence is first cleaved from preproinsulin to form proinsulin; proinsulin is then cleaved to release the C peptide, leaving the A and B chains of mature insulin linked by disulfide bridges.
regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
The regulated release of a peptide hormone from a cell.
The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin. In vertebrates, insulin is secreted from B granules in the B cells of the vertebrate pancreas and from insulin-producing cells in insects.
obsolete thylakoid (sensu Proteobacteria)
OBSOLETE. A thylakoid; as in, but not restricted to, the purple bacteria and relatives (Proteobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1224).
A thylakoid that is derived from and attached to, but not necessarily continuous with, the plasma membrane, and is not enclosed in a plastid. It bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic cyanobacteria.
A protein-pigment complex that may be closely or peripherally associated to photosynthetic reaction centers that participate in harvesting and transferring radiant energy to the reaction center.
plasma membrane light-harvesting complex
A plasma membrane protein-pigment complex that may be closely or peripherally associated to photosynthetic reaction centers that participate in harvesting and transferring radiant energy to the reaction center. Examples of this complex are found in bacterial species.
Light harvesting complex associated with the reaction complex of photosynthetic purple bacteria.
light-harvesting complex, peripheral complex
Bacteriochlorophyll a binding complex that is peripherally associated to the bacterial reaction center.
Protein complex that surrounds and transfers excitation energy directly to the bacterial reaction center; binds bacteriochlorophyll a and has a single absorption band between 870 and 890 nm.
Protein-pigment complex that absorbs light at 800 and 820 nm; is peripherally associated to the bacterial reaction center; transfers excitation energy to the B875 antenna complex.
Protein-pigment complex that absorbs light at 800 and 850 nm; is peripherally associated to the bacterial reaction center; transfers excitation energy to the B875 antenna complex.
PSI associated light-harvesting complex I, LHCIa subcomplex
A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem I associated light-harvesting complex I; contains two proteins (usually about 24 and 21.5 kDa); has a fluorescence maximum between 680 and 690 nm.
PSI associated light-harvesting complex I, LHCIb subcomplex
A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem I associated light-harvesting complex I; contains two proteins (usually about 20 kDa); has a fluorescence maximum of 730 nm.
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, peripheral complex, LHCIIb subcomplex
A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem II associated light-harvesting complex II; contains two proteins (usually about 28 and 27 kDa), and may contain a third; peripherally located relative to other LHC polypeptides.
obsolete PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIIa subcomplex
obsolete PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIIc subcomplex
obsolete PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIId subcomplex
Any of the granules, approximately 32 nm x 48 nm and consisting of highly aggregated phycobiliproteins, that are attached in arrays to the external face of a thylakoid membrane in algae of the phyla Cyanophyta and Rhodophyta, where they function as light-harvesting devices in photosynthesis. Excitation energy in the phycobilisome flows in the sequence: phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin before passing to the antenna chlorophyll of photosystem II.
The process of restoring a protein to its original state after damage by such things as oxidation or spontaneous decomposition of residues.
obsolete regulation of flagellum assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a flagellum.
Photosystem located in the chloroplast that functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
A protein complex located in the plasma membrane-derived thylakoid. The photosystem functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. Examples of this complex are found in bacterial species.
An integral chloroplast membrane complex containing the P680 reaction center. In the light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone.
plasma membrane-derived thylakoid photosystem II
A protein complex, located in the membrane-derived thylakoid, containing the P680 reaction center. In the light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell in response to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
The regulated release of vasopressin from secretory granules into the blood.
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water within an organism or cell.
OBSOLETE. Extreme immunological sensitivity of the body or tissues to the reintroduction of an antigen. It is a form of anamnestic reaction and is accompanied by pathological changes in tissues or organs due to the release of pharmacologically active substances.
OBSOLETE. A major histocompatibility complex class I receptor. These display processed antigens from the endocytosed bacteria. MHC class I proteins can form complexes with processed antigen peptides only if the antigen is synthesized in the same cell. As a consequence, T lymphocytes can only bind to class-I-positive cells that are synthesizing the antigen (e.g. virus-infected cells).
HLA-A specific inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity
Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-A subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.
HLA-A specific activating MHC class I receptor activity
Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-A subclass to mediate signaling that activates a lymphocyte.
HLA-B specific inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity
Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-B subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.
HLA-C specific inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity
Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-C subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the Wnt signal transduction pathway.
regulation of frizzled signaling pathway
regulation of frizzled signalling pathway
regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway
regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway
A carbohydrate rich layer at the outermost periphery of a cell.
A slime layer is an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds a cell. Specifically this consists mostly of exopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids.
A crystalline protein layer surrounding some bacteria.
glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding
A growth factor that binds selectively and non-covalently to glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptors.
glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding
glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor ligand
Any of several different proteinaceous coats that can associate with membranes. Membrane coats include those formed by clathrin plus an adaptor complex, the COPI and COPII complexes, and possibly others. They are found associated with membranes on many vesicles as well as other membrane features such as pits and perhaps tubules.
A membrane coat found on coated pits and some coated vesicles; consists of polymerized clathrin triskelions, each comprising three clathrin heavy chains and three clathrin light chains, linked to the membrane via one of the AP adaptor complexes.
Any of several heterotetrameric complexes that link clathrin (or another coat-forming molecule, as hypothesized for AP-3 and AP-4) to a membrane surface; they are found on coated pits and coated vesicles, and mediate sorting of cargo proteins into vesicles. Each AP complex contains two large (a beta and one of either an alpha, gamma, delta, or epsilon) subunits (110-130 kDa), a medium (mu) subunit (approximately 50 kDa), and a small (sigma) subunit (15-20 kDa).
A membrane coat found on a coated vesicle.
A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta1, gamma, mu1 and sigma1 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle; vesicles with AP-1-containing coats are normally found primarily in the trans-Golgi network. In at least humans, the AP-1 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (gamma1 and gamma2, mu1A and mu1B, and sigma1A, sigma1B and sigma1C).
A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits, and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle, and the cargo receptors during receptor/clathrin mediated endocytosis. Vesicles with AP-2-containing coats are normally found primarily near the plasma membrane, on endocytic vesicles. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).
A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta3, delta, mu3 and sigma3 subunits and is found associated with endosomal membranes. AP-3 does not appear to associate with clathrin in all organisms. In at least humans, the AP-3 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (beta3A and beta3B, mu3A and mu3B, and sigma3A and sigma3B).
An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta4, epsilon, mu4 and sigma4 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the trans-Golgi network; it is not clear whether AP-4 forms clathrin coats in vivo.
One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. The mammalian COPI subunits are called alpha-, beta-, beta'-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-COP. Vesicles with COPI coats are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state.
One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. COPII is best characterized in S. cerevisiae, where the subunits are called Sar1p, Sec13p, Sec31p, Sec23p, and Sec24p. Vesicles with COPII coats are found associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes at steady state.
A clathrin coat found on an endocytic vesicle.
A clathrin coat found on a synaptic vesicle.
clathrin coat of trans-Golgi network vesicle
A clathrin coat found on a vesicle of the trans-Golgi network.
A membrane coat adaptor complex that links clathrin to a membrane.
The coat found on coated pits and the coated vesicles derived from coated pits; comprises clathrin and the AP-2 adaptor complex.
Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, from the Golgi to the ER (retrograde transport) or to destinations within or outside the cell.
constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle
COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle
A vesicle with a coat formed of the COPII coat complex proteins. The COPII coat complex is formed by the Sec23p/Sec24p and the Sec13p/Sec31p heterodimers. COPII-associated vesicles transport proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus (anterograde transport).
COPII-associated ER to Golgi transport vesicle
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport vesicle
endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport vesicle
ER to Golgi constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle
Small membrane-bounded organelle formed by pinching off of a coated region of membrane. Some coats are made of clathrin, whereas others are made from other proteins.
A vesicle with a coat formed of clathrin connected to the membrane via one of the clathrin adaptor complexes.
A vesicle with a coat formed of the COPI coat complex proteins. COPI-coated vesicles are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state, are involved in Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum (retrograde) vesicle transport, and possibly also in intra-Golgi transport.
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance. Endocytic vesicles fuse with early endosomes to deliver the cargo for further sorting.
A vesicle that mediates transport between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.
trans-Golgi network constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle
A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules.
COPI-coated Golgi to ER transport vesicle
A vesicle that mediates transport from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum transport vesicle
Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum transport vesicle
Golgi to ER constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle
COPI-coated inter-Golgi transport vesicle
A vesicle that mediates transport of cargo within the Golgi complex (for example, between cisternae of the Golgi stack).
inter-Golgi transport constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle
alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3(6)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl,1,6(3))-beta-D-mannosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3(6)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6(3))-beta-D-mannosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R. Only branched mannose glycopeptides with non-reducing N-acetylglucosamine terminal residues act as acceptors.
alpha-1,3(6)-mannosylglycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
alpha-1,6-mannosyl-glycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
alpha-mannoside beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:6-[2-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-alpha-D-mannosyl]-glycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha-mannoside-beta1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha-mannoside-beta-1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-alpha-mannoside beta1->6-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-alpha-mannoside beta-1->6-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. The process of renal water excretion.
OBSOLETE. The process of renal sodium excretion.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
protein import into mitochondrial matrix
The import of proteins across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes into the matrix. Unfolded proteins enter the mitochondrial matrix with a chaperone protein; the information required to target the precursor protein from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix is contained within its N-terminal matrix-targeting sequence. Translocation of precursors to the matrix occurs at the rare sites where the outer and inner membranes are close together.
protein transport into mitochondrial matrix
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriocin, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.
A process that mediates resistance to a bacteriocin: any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.
The cellular developmental process in which a relatively unspecialized cell, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize a specific cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix.
cell adhesion receptor regulator activity
Binding to a peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR).
The regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine. Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach.
Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-xylosyl residue from UDP-D-xylose to the serine hydroxyl group of an acceptor protein substrate.
UDP-D-xylose:core protein beta-D-xylosyltransferase activity
UDP-D-xylose:core protein xylosyltransferase activity
UDP-D-xylose:protein beta-D-xylosyltransferase activity
UDP-D-xylose:proteoglycan core protein beta-D-xylosyltransferase activity
UDP-xylose-core protein beta-D-xylosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoxylose-core protein beta-xylosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoxylose-protein xylosyltransferase activity
signaling receptor complex adaptor activity
The binding activity of a molecule that provides a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein receptor signaling complex.
receptor signaling complex adaptor activity
receptor signaling complex scaffold activity
receptor signaling complex scaffold protein activity
receptor signalling complex adaptor activity
receptor signalling complex scaffold activity
The binding activity of a molecule that provides a physical support bridging a synaptic signaling receptor and a downstream signaling molecule.
OBSOLETE. Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of the enzyme calpain, which catalyzes of the preferential cleavage of Tyr-Xaa, Met-Xaa or Arg-Xaa with Leu or Val as the P2 residue.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
multicellular organismal protein catabolic process
Structural change in proteins which destroys the native, active configuration without rupture of peptide bonds.
Binding to a PDZ domain of a protein, a domain found in diverse signaling proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.
low-density lipoprotein particle binding
Binding to a low-density lipoprotein particle, a lipoprotein particle that is rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides, is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE, and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm.
Binding to pyridoxal 5' phosphate, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl4-pyridine carboxaldehyde 5' phosphate, the biologically active form of vitamin B6.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a proton by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
voltage-dependent proton channel activity
Binding to troponin C, the calcium-binding subunit of the troponin complex.
obsolete integral component of Golgi membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the Golgi membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication; the process in which DNA becomes competent to replicate. In eukaryotes, replication competence is established in early G1 and lost during the ensuing S phase.
regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation
regulation of DNA replication initiation
Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.
obsolete integral component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction.
activation of frizzled signaling pathway
activation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of frizzled signaling pathway
positive regulation of frizzled signalling pathway
positive regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway
stimulation of frizzled signaling pathway
stimulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of frizzled signaling pathway
up regulation of frizzled signaling pathway
up-regulation of frizzled signaling pathway
upregulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway.
downregulation of frizzled signaling pathway
down regulation of frizzled signaling pathway
down-regulation of frizzled signaling pathway
downregulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of frizzled signaling pathway
inhibition of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of frizzled signaling pathway
negative regulation of frizzled signalling pathway
negative regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway
OBSOLETE. Exchange diffusion of two solutes between the inside and outside of a cell or subcellular compartment, in which movement of one solute down a concentration gradient drives movement of the other solute in the opposite direction.
OBSOLETE. Exchange diffusion sodium and calcium ions in which influx of sodium ions to the cytosol drives the efflux of calcium ions from the cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron.
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.
nitric oxide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).
OBSOLETE. Modulates the activity of a molecular chaperone.
OBSOLETE. Increases the activity of a molecular chaperone.
OBSOLETE. Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a molecular chaperone.
obsolete Hsp70/Hsc70 protein inhibitor activity
OBSOLETE. Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of chaperones of the Hsp70/Hsc70 class.
obsolete Hsp70/Hsc70 protein regulator activity
OBSOLETE. Modulates the activity of chaperones of the Hsp70/Hsc70 class.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.
positive regulation of blood coagulation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.
negative regulation of blood coagulation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.
Catalysis of the reaction: formamide = H2O + hydrogen cyanide.
extracellular matrix constituent, lubricant activity
Functions as a lubricant for an extracellular matrix, such as a mucous membrane.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.
extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
Any process that determines the size and arrangement of collagen fibrils within an extracellular matrix.
heparan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4) linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups.
heparan sulfate proteoglycan degradation
heparan sulphate proteoglycan catabolic process
heparan sulphate proteoglycan catabolism
heparan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups.
heparan sulphate proteoglycan metabolic process
heparan sulphate proteoglycan metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells. They are similar to heparan sulfates but are of somewhat higher average Mr (6000-20000) and contain fewer N-acetyl groups and more N-sulfate and O-sulfate groups; they may be attached in the same manner to protein, forming proteoglycans. They consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. They usually occur linked to a protein to form proteoglycans. Two subgroups exist, one in which the sulfate is on the 4-position (chondroitin sulfate A) and the second in which it is in the 6-position (chondroitin sulfate C). They often are polydisperse and often differ in the degree of sulfation from tissue to tissue. The chains of repeating disaccharide are covalently linked to the side chains of serine residues in the polypeptide backbone of a protein by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide unit galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl. Chondroitin sulfate B is more usually known as dermatan sulfate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units. They are important components of ground substance or intercellular cement of skin and some connective tissues.
chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.
chondroitin sulphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dermatan sulfate, any glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.
chondroitin sulfate B biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans of average Mr (6000-20000), consisting predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans of average Mr (6000-20000), consisting predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte.
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte.
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte.
The process in which platelets bud from long processes extended by megakaryocytes.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of a basophil cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specializes features of an eosinophil.
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a neutrophil.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage.
Combining with an apolipoprotein to initiate a change in cell activity.
obsolete apolipoprotein E receptor activity
OBSOLETE. Combining with apolipoprotein E to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with a lipoprotein particle and delivering the lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.
plasma lipoprotein particle receptor activity
very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity
Combining with a very-low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the very-low-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis.
very-low-density lipoprotein receptor activity
insulin control element activator complex
Transcription factor complex that binds to the insulin control element (ICE), a DNA sequence element found within the 5'-flanking region of the insulin gene, and activates ICE-mediated transcription.
deoxynucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
Catalyzes transport of all four deoxy (d) NDPs, and, less efficiently, the corresponding dNTPs, in exchange for dNDPs, ADP, or ATP.
Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme.
nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of nitric oxide synthase.
nitric oxide synthase regulator activity
The specification of female sex of an individual organism.
The specification of male sex of an individual organism.
Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.
skeletal muscle myosin thick filament assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.
The process in which peroxisomes are delivered to a type of vacuole and degraded in response to changing nutrient conditions.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.
Binding to a carbohydrate, which includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.
Binding to a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
polysaccharide assembly with MHC class II protein complex
Modulates the activity of guanylate cyclase.
Binds to and increases the activity of guanylate cyclase.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of guanylate cyclase.
The regulated release of growth hormone from secretory granules into the blood.
protein secretion by the type I secretion system
The process in which proteins are secreted into the extracellular milieu via the type I secretion system; secretion occurs in a continuous process without the distinct presence of periplasmic intermediates and does not involve proteolytic processing of secreted proteins.
protein secretion by the type I protein secretion system
protein secretion by the type III secretion system
The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells by the bacterial type III secretion system; secretion occurs in a continuous process without the distinct presence of periplasmic intermediates and does not involve proteolytic processing of secreted proteins.
protein secretion by the type III protein secretion system
protein secretion by the type IV secretion system
The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells, via the type IV protein secretion system.
protein secretion by the type IV protein secretion system
A complex of three secretory proteins that carry out secretion in the type I secretion system: an inner membrane transport ATPase (termed ABC protein for ATP-binding cassette), which provides the energy for protein secretion; an outer membrane protein, which is exported via the sec pathway; and a membrane fusion protein, which is anchored in the inner membrane and spans the periplasmic space.
type III protein secretion system complex
A complex of approximately 20 proteins, most of which are located in the cytoplasmic membrane that carries out protein secretion in the bacterial type III secretion system; type III secretion also requires a cytoplasmic, probably membrane-associated ATPase.
The covalent alteration of one or more fatty acids in a lipid, resulting in a change in the properties of the lipid.
Covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to a lipid molecule.
The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells.
Alterations undergone by nuclei at the molecular and morphological level as part of the execution phase of apoptosis.
The compaction of chromatin during apoptosis.
nuclear fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change
The breakdown of the nucleus into small membrane-bounded compartments, or blebs, each of which contain compacted DNA.
phospholipase C-activating rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway
A phospholipase C-activating receptor G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a rhodopsin molecule being activated by a photon, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
phospholipase C-activating rhodopsin mediated G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
PLC-activating rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway
rhodopsin mediated G protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger
rhodopsin mediated G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger
rhodopsin mediated G protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger
rhodopsin mediated G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger
Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-quinate + NAD+ = (-)-3-dehydroquinate + NADH + H+.
quinate:NAD(+) 3-oxidoreductase activity
quinate:NAD(+) 5-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NADP+ = glyoxylate + NADPH + H+.
methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme F420 + 2 H+ = 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420.
5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin:coenzyme-F420 oxidoreductase activity
5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase activity
N(5),N(10)-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase activity
tetrahydromethanopterin S-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme M = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + methyl-coenzyme M. 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonate is also known as methyl-CoM.
5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin:2-mercaptoethanesulfonate 2-methyltransferase activity
N(5)-methyltetrahydromethanopterin--coenzyme M methyltransferase activity
N5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin--coenzyme M methyltransferase activity
tetrahydromethanopterin methyltransferase activity
formylmethanofuran-tetrahydromethanopterin N-formyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + N-formylmethanofuran + H+ = N(5)-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + methanofuran.
formylmethanofuran:5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin 5-formyltransferase activity
formylmethanofuran:5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin N5-formyltransferase activity
formylmethanofuran:tetrahydromethanopterin formyltransferase activity
formylmethanofuran-tetrahydromethanopterin formyltransferase activity
N-formylmethanofuran(CHO-MFR):tetrahydromethanopterin(H4MPT) formyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the preferential cleavage: Phe-Xaa > Tyr-Xaa > Trp-Xaa > Leu-Xaa.
5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formyltetrahydrofolate + ATP = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + H+ + phosphate.
5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity
5-Formyltetrahydrofolate cyclodehydrase activity
5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase (ADP-forming)
formyltetrahydrofolic cyclodehydrase activity
melanin-concentrating hormone receptor activity
Combining with the cyclic peptide hormone melanin-concentrating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
Binding to a LIM domain (for Lin-11 Isl-1 Mec-3) of a protein, a domain with seven conserved cysteine residues and a histidine, that binds two zinc ions and acts as an interface for protein-protein interactions.
Binding to a LRR domain (leucine rich repeats) of a protein.
Binding to a clathrin heavy or light chain, the main components of the coat of coated vesicles and coated pits, and which also occurs in synaptic vesicles.
maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium
Protection of epithelial surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract from proteolytic and caustic digestive agents.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
negative regulation of bone biosynthesis
structural constituent of skin epidermis
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an epidermal cutaneous structure.
structural constituent of cutaneous appendage
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of cutaneous epidermal structures such as hairs, scales, or feathers.
The deposition of hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate with the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, in bone tissue.
testosterone dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + NAD(P)+ = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NAD(P)H + H+.
3(or 17)beta-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
3(or 17)beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal within the cell to trigger a change in cell activity or function.
obsolete integral component of synaptic vesicle membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the synaptic vesicle membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
Any of several large complexes that contain two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and have microtubule motor activity.
The region between the plasma membrane and the cell wall in organisms lacking an outer cell membrane such as yeast and Gram positive bacteria. The region is thinner than the equivalent in Gram negative bacteria.
outer membrane-bounded periplasmic space
The region between the inner (cytoplasmic or plasma) membrane and outer membrane of organisms with two membranes such as Gram negative bacteria. These periplasmic spaces are relatively thick and contain a thin peptidoglycan layer (PGL), also referred to as a thin cell wall.
outer membrane bounded periplasmic space
outer membrane-enclosed periplasmic space
A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex formed by the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 4 plus one or more regulatory subunits.
Any of a group of peptide cofactors of enzymes for the lysosomal degradation of sphingolipids. They stimulate various enzymes, including glucosylceramidase, galactosylceramidase, cerebroside-sulfatase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, and sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase.
protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase.
protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase.
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase.
receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase.
receptor signalling protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity
Binds to and increases the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.
protein tyrosine kinase activator activity
Increases the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a tyrosyl phenolic group on a protein.
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity
Binds to and increases the activity of a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase.
receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activator activity
Binds to and increases the activity of a receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase.
receptor signalling protein tyrosine kinase activator activity
Uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.
regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of absorption of cholesterol into the blood, and the exclusion of other sterols from absorption.
The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of a deoxynucleotide, a deoxyribonucleoside in ester linkage to phosphate, commonly at the 5' position of deoxyribose, into, out of or within a cell.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of peptide bonds in collagen with preferential cleavage where P1', P2' and P3' are hydrophobic residues; action on collagen types III, IV and V is weak.
OBSOLETE. Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of the serine endopeptidase trypsin.
Catalysis of the cleavage of heparan sulfate; can degrade both heparan sulfate and heparin glycosaminoglycan chains.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
poly-N-acetyllactosamine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.
poly-N-acetyllactosamine catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.
poly-N-acetyllactosamine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.
A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space.
An envelope that surrounds a bacterial cell and includes the cytoplasmic membrane and everything external, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.
Complex formed in muscle cells between the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and invaginations of the plasma membrane (T-tubules).
Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.
The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium (aka flagellum) that contributes to the movement of a flagellated sperm.
sperm flagellum movement involved in flagellated sperm motility
sperm flagellum movement involved in flagellated sperm movement
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a melanocyte.
obsolete cellular di-, tri-valent inorganic anion homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent or trivalent inorganic anions at the level of a cell.
obsolete cellular monovalent inorganic anion homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic anions at the level of a cell.
The directed movement of chloride ions from one side of an epithelium to the other.
The accomplishment of a non-fluctuating membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the respiratory tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The respiratory tube is assumed to mean any tube in the respiratory tract.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells.
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylated proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
Binding to cyclins, proteins whose levels in a cell varies markedly during the cell cycle, rising steadily until mitosis, then falling abruptly to zero. As cyclins reach a threshold level, they are thought to drive cells into G2 phase and thus to mitosis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
DNA polymerase processivity factor activity
An enzyme regulator activity that increases the processivity of polymerization by DNA polymerase, by allowing the polymerase to move rapidly along DNA while remaining topologically bound to it.
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate + NADP+ + H2O.
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate,ferrocytochrome-b5:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-acetyl-hydroxylating)
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate hydroxylase activity
CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase activity
cytidine-5'-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase activity
cytidine monophosphoacetylneuraminate monooxygenase activity
N-acetylneuraminic monooxygenase activity
fatty-acyl-ethyl-ester synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain-acyl ethyl ester + H2O = a long-chain carboxylic acid + ethanol.
long-chain-fatty-acyl-ethyl-ester acylhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hyaluronate = n 3-(4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
glucuronoglycosaminoglycan lyase activity
hyaluronidase [but cf. EC:3.2.1.35 (hyalurononglucosaminidase) and EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronoglucuronidase)]
Catalysis of the eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups.
1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of 1-alpha,25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3; calcitriol).
Catalysis of the reaction: vitamin D3 + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcidiol + NADP+ + H2O.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of tooth enamel.
Binding to an iron-responsive element, a regulatory sequence found in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding many iron-binding proteins.
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.
inositol-1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate 6-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate + phosphate.
fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist activity
Interacts with the fibroblast growth factor receptor to reduce the action of another ligand, the agonist.
The action characteristic of melanin-concentrating hormone, a cyclic peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, induces melanin aggregation in melanocytes, and is also involved in regulating food intake and energy balance in mammals.
obsolete small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein
obsolete small cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein
obsolete pre-mRNA cleavage factor activity
OBSOLETE. Any activity required for the process of mRNA cleavage.
obsolete cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
OBSOLETE. A factor required in mRNA 3' end processing for both the cleavage and poly(A) addition reactions and, consistent with this function, recognizes AAUAAA, a signal also essential for both reactions.
obsolete cleavage stimulation factor activity
OBSOLETE. A factor is necessary for cleavage but not for poly(A) addition in mRNA 3' end processing; can stimulate poly(A) addition on substrates with a CstF binding site upstream of the AAUAAA hexanucleotide.
Catalysis of the conversion of precursor Z to molybdopterin, the final step in molybdopterin biosynthesis.
Combining with any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with ICAM-3, intercellular adhesion molecule 3, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. ICAM-3, or CD50, are constitutively expressed on monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes; on physiological stimulation, they become transiently phosphorylated on serine residues.
intercellular adhesion molecule-3 receptor binding
Binding to a receptor for intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3), such as DC-SIGN and LFA-1.
intercellular adhesion molecule-3 receptor ligand
Antagonizes ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.
high molecular weight B cell growth factor receptor binding
Binding to a high molecular weight B cell growth factor receptor.
high molecular weight B-cell growth factor receptor binding
high molecular weight B cell growth factor receptor ligand
high molecular weight B lymphocyte growth factor receptor binding
high molecular weight B-lymphocyte growth factor receptor binding
high molecular weight B cell growth factor receptor activity
Combining with a high molecular weight B cell growth factor and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
high molecular weight B-cell growth factor receptor activity
high molecular weight B lymphocyte growth factor receptor activity
high molecular weight B-lymphocyte growth factor receptor activity
A transcription coactivator activity that activates or increases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound nuclear receptor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coactivators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coregulators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators. A fourth class of coactivator activity is the bridging of a DNA-binding transcription factor to the general (basal) transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, which bridges sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase, is also a transcription coactivator.
ligand-activated RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding transcription factor activity
ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity
ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription co-activator activity
nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity
transcription factor activity, ligand-activated RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding
obsolete thyroid hormone receptor coactivator activity
OBSOLETE. The function of a transcription cofactor that activates transcription in conjunction with a thyroid hormone-dependent nuclear receptor from a RNA polymerase II promoter; does not bind DNA itself.
urokinase plasminogen activator receptor activity
Combining with the urokinase plasminogen activator to initiate a change in cell activity.
U-plasminogen activator receptor activity
urokinase plasminogen activator receptor
Catalysis of the synthesis of free D-serine from L-serine.
neurotensin receptor activity, non-G protein-coupled
Combining with neurotensin, a neuropeptide active in the central and peripheral nervous system in mammals, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other by a mechanism independent of coupling to G proteins.
neurotensin receptor activity, non G protein coupled
neurotensin receptor activity, non-G-protein coupled
non G protein coupled neurotensin receptor activity
non-G-protein coupled neurotensin receptor activity
non-G-protein-coupled neurotensin receptor activity
chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation
The regionalization process that gives rise to the structural pattern of a chorion-containing eggshell such as those found in insects.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of sperm mitochondria; the process in which they take on their characteristic morphology; they are flattened, elongated, and arranged circumferentially into a tight helical coil around the tail-dense fibers of the mature sperm.
sperm mitochondria organization and biogenesis
sperm mitochondrion organization and biogenesis
OBSOLETE. Any interaction between a pathogen and its host organism.
ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase complex
A protein complex that possesses ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase activity.
ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase complex
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructoselysine, a fructose molecule containing a lysine group in place of a hydroxyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructoseglycine, a fructose molecule containing a glycine group in place of a hydroxyl group.
Binding to lactose, a disaccharide of glucose and galactose, the carbohydrate of milk.
The controlled breakdown of any cell membrane in the context of a normal process such as autophagy.
The controlled breakdown of the membranes of cargo-carrying vesicles formed during peroxisome degradation.
The controlled breakdown of the membranes of autophagosomes.
obsolete protease substrate recruitment factor activity
OBSOLETE. A recruiting factor or adaptor molecule associated with the proteasome that activates degradation of specific proteasomal substrates and links them to the degradation machinery; it is not involved in ubiquitination; does not possess proteolytic activity.
obsolete transcription antiterminator activity
OBSOLETE. Functions to prevent the termination of RNA synthesis. Acts as a regulatory device, e.g. in phage lambda, enabling a terminator to be masked from RNA polymerase so that distal genes can be expressed.
obsolete matrix metalloproteinase 19 activity
obsolete matrix metalloproteinase 25 activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + glycine = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + N-formimidoylglycine.
5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate:glycine N-formimidoyltransferase activity
formiminoglycine formiminotransferase activity
glutamate formimidoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + L-glutamate = tetrahydrofolate + N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate.
5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate N-formimidoyltransferase activity
formiminoglutamic acid transferase activity
formiminoglutamic formiminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + 3 H+ + nicotianamine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine 3-amino-3-carboxypropyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: scytalone = 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene + H2O.
scytalone 7,8-hydro-lyase (1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene-forming)
formimidoyltetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + 2 H+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NH4.
5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate ammonia-lyase (cyclizing; 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate-forming)
5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate ammonia-lyase (cyclizing)
formiminotetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase activity
A small peptide excreted by a naturally transformable bacterium (e.g. Bacillus subtilis) that transmits a signal required for the establishment of competence.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds.
obsolete carboxypeptidase A inhibitor activity
OBSOLETE. Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of the enzyme carboxypeptidase A.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylamine (CH3NH2).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.
establishment of competence for transformation
The process in which a naturally transformable bacterium acquires the ability to take up exogenous DNA. This term should be applied only to naturally transformable bacteria, and should not be used in the context of artificially induced bacterial transformation.
A process leading to the generation of a functional small interfering RNA (siRNA). Includes the cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides. May also include amplification of the siRNA by RNA-directed RNA polymerase.
chromatin silencing by small RNA, production of guide RNAs
chromatin silencing by small RNA, production of siRNA
production of guide RNAs involved in chromatin silencing by small RNA
production of guide RNAs involved in RNA interference
production of siRNA involved in chromatin silencing by small RNA
production of siRNA involved in gene silencing by small RNA
production of siRNA involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA
production of siRNA involved in RNA interference
RNA interference, production of guide RNAs
The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.
A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
The migrating motile tip of a growing neuron projection, where actin accumulates, and the actin cytoskeleton is the most dynamic.
Any part of a cell where non-isotropic growth takes place.
A structure composed of peptidoglycan and often chitin in addition to other materials. It usually forms perpendicular to the long axis of a cell or hypha and grows centripetally from the cell wall to the center of the cell and often functions in the compartmentalization of a cell into two daughter cells.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine.
Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.
A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards.
The series of steps necessary to target endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins for degradation by the cytoplasmic proteasome. Begins with recognition of the ER-resident protein, includes retrotranslocation (dislocation) of the protein from the ER to the cytosol, protein ubiquitination necessary for correct substrate transfer, transport of the protein to the proteasome, and ends with degradation of the protein by the cytoplasmic proteasome.
endoplasmic reticulum-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
endoplasmic reticulum-associated ubiqutin-dependent protein catabolism
ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal protein catabolism of ER proteins
sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cellular spore, a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
The formation of spores derived from the products of an asexual cell division. Examples of this process are found in bacteria and fungi.
The process in which cells that are products of meiosis acquire the specialized features of ascospores. Ascospores are generally found in clusters of four or eight spores within a single mother cell, the ascus, and are characteristic of the ascomycete fungi (phylum Ascomycota).
obsolete MAPKKK cascade during sporulation (sensu Fungi)
obsolete activation of MAPK during sporulation (sensu Fungi)
obsolete activation of MAPKK during sporulation (sensu Fungi)
obsolete activation of MAPKKK during sporulation (sensu Fungi)
obsolete inactivation of MAPK during sporulation (sensu Fungi)
obsolete nuclear translocation of MAPK during sporulation (sensu Fungi)
obsolete microtubule depolymerization during nuclear congression
The wall surrounding a cell of a dimorphic fungus growing in the single-cell budding yeast form, in contrast to the filamentous or hyphal form.
The cell wall surrounding a fungal hypha.
The process in which a multicellular organism, a unicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
Growth of fungi as threadlike, tubular structures that may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa, or cross-walls.
formation of symbiont invasive hypha in host
formation of symbiont invasive hypha within host
formation of symbiont invasive hypha within host during symbiotic interaction
symbiont invasive hypha formation within host
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.
regulation of complement activation, classical pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation.
regulation of complement cascade, classical pathway
regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the alternative pathway of complement activation.
regulation of complement cascade, alternative pathway
obsolete MAPKKK cascade (mating sensu Fungi)
OBSOLETE. MAPKKK cascade involved in transducing mating pheromone signal in a fungus.
obsolete activation of MAPK (mating sensu Fungi)
obsolete activation of MAPKK (mating sensu Fungi)
obsolete activation of MAPKKK (mating sensu Fungi)
obsolete inactivation of MAPK (mating sensu Fungi)
obsolete nuclear translocation of MAPK (mating sensu Fungi)
obsolete aging dependent sterility (sensu Fungi)
silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin formation
Repression of transcription at silent mating-type loci by alteration of the structure of chromatin.
chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette
establishment of chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette
heterochromatic silencing at silent mating-type cassette
silent mating-type cassette chromatin silencing
silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin assembly
obsolete spore germination (sensu Fungi)
OBSOLETE. Process of breakdown or opening of the spore-containing structure, modification of the spore wall, and resumption of growth of the spore. As in, but not restricted to, the fungi (Fungi, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4751).
obsolete spindle pole body and microtubule cycle (sensu Fungi)
OBSOLETE. The dynamics of the spindle pole body and microtubule cytoskeleton during the cell cycle. Includes spindle pole body duplication and separation and formation and elongation of the mitotic spindle. As in, but not restricted to, the fungi (Fungi, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4751).
The directed movement of the nucleus along microtubules within the cell, mediated by motor proteins.
microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning
microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning
microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning
microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning
transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated
Construction of a new spindle pole body.
spindle pole body duplication associated with nuclear envelope
spindle pole body duplication in cytoplasm
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ascospore wall. During sporulation in Ascomycota, each ascospore nucleus becomes surrounded by a specialized spore wall, formed by deposition of spore wall components in the lumenal space between the outer and inner leaflets of the prospore membrane. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Polarized accumulation of cytoskeletal proteins (including F-actin) and regulatory proteins in a cell. An example of this is the actin cap found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
An endocytic patch that consists of an actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells; formed of networks of branched actin filaments that lie just beneath the plasma membrane and assemble, move, and disassemble rapidly. An example of this is the actin cortical patch found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
OBSOLETE. The contractile fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
The contractile fiber of smooth muscle cells.
Electron-dense region associated with a smooth muscle contractile fiber.
inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.
The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a tRNA molecule.
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule.
The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.
Binding to hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.
bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.
A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis.
The elongation of a fatty acid chain by the sequential addition of two-carbon units.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.
positive regulation of bone mineralization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.
negative regulation of bone mineralization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.
inorganic diphosphate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of inorganic diphosphate across a membrane.
inorganic pyrophosphate transporter activity
The directed movement of inorganic diphosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Binding to ankyrin, a 200 kDa cytoskeletal protein that attaches other cytoskeletal proteins to integral membrane proteins.
Binding to spectrin, a protein that is the major constituent of the erythrocyte cytoskeletal network. It associates with band 4.1 (see band protein) and actin to form the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. It is composed of nonhomologous chains, alpha and beta, which aggregate side-to-side in an antiparallel fashion to form dimers, tetramers, and higher polymers.
obsolete thiol-disulfide exchange intermediate activity
OBSOLETE. Functions as an exchange intermediate in thiol-disulfide exchange reactions.
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway
bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway
decapentaplegic receptor signaling pathway
decapentaplegic receptor signalling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any BMP receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of BMP receptor signaling pathway
regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway
regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway
regulation of decapentaplegic receptor signaling pathway
regulation of decapentaplegic receptor signalling pathway
regulation of decapentaplegic signaling pathway
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway activity.
activation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway
stimulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.
downregulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity.
positive regulation of BMP receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of BMP signalling pathway
positive regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway
positive regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway
positive regulation of decapentaplegic receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of decapentaplegic receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of decapentaplegic signaling pathway
negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway.
down regulation of BMP signaling pathway
down-regulation of BMP signaling pathway
negative regulation of BMP receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of BMP signalling pathway
negative regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway
negative regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway
negative regulation of decapentaplegic receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of decapentaplegic receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of decapentaplegic signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth.
intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a steroid binding to an intracellular steroid hormone receptor.
steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
steroid hormone receptor signalling pathway
Binding to a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle.
intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by estrogen binding to an intracellular receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The series of molecular signals initiated by androgen binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
intracellular receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a receptor located within a cell.
intracellular receptor mediated signaling pathway
intracellular receptor-mediated signaling pathway
intracellular receptor-mediated signalling pathway
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor complex
The heterodimeric receptor for granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor complex
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of chromatin.
obsolete transcription regulator activity
OBSOLETE. Plays a role in regulating transcription; may bind a promoter or enhancer DNA sequence or interact with a DNA-binding transcription factor.
obsolete heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex
OBSOLETE. Particulate complex of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA; a heterogeneous mixture of RNA molecules of high Mr with a rapid turnover rate that occurs in cell nuclei during protein synthesis; it is the form of RNA synthesized in eukaryotes by RNA polymerase II, that which is translated into protein) with protein, which is cell-specific and heterogeneous. The protein component may play a role in the processing of the hnRNA to mRNA.
obsolete small cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complex
OBSOLETE. A complex composed of RNA of the small cytoplasmic RNA (scRNA) class and protein, found in the cytoplasm.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains at least one RNA of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) class and as well as its associated proteins. These are typically named after the snRNA(s) they contain, e.g. U1 snRNP, U4/U6 snRNP, or 7SK snRNP. Many, of these complexes become part of the spliceosome involved in splicing of nuclear mRNAs. Others are involved in regulation of transcription elongation or 3'-end processing of replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs.
triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity
The codon binding activity of a tRNA that positions an activated amino acid, mediating its insertion at the correct point in the sequence of a nascent polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.
Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.
obsolete adult feeding behavior (sensu Insecta)
OBSOLETE. Feeding behavior in a fully developed and mature organism, as described in insects.
Feeding behavior in a larval (immature) organism.
Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics.
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structure.
Any process in which plasmids are segregated or distributed into daughter cells upon cell division.
The process in which copies of the 2-micrometer plasmid, found in fungi such as Saccharomyces, are distributed to daughter cells upon cell division.
Binding to a Hsp70 protein, heat shock proteins around 70kDa in size.
Binds to and modulates the activity of a receptor.
The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.
Binds to and modulates the activity of a signaling receptor.
acetylcholine receptor regulator activity
Interacting (directly or indirectly) with acetylcholine receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is changed.
acetylcholine receptor activator activity
Interacting (directly or indirectly) with acetylcholine receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.
acetylcholine receptor inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an acetylcholine receptor.
Binding to a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.
Binding to cAMP, the nucleotide cyclic AMP (adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
Binding to cGMP, the nucleotide cyclic GMP (guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
Binding to an adenyl nucleotide, an adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
RNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity
Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
rRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity
Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
snRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity
Activity that provides specificity to a methylase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific 2'-O-ribose methylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.
tRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity
Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
Activity that provides specificity to a pseudouridine synthetase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific pseudouridylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.
Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an snRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
OBSOLETE. Increases the rate of proteolysis catalyzed by thrombin.
OBSOLETE. Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of the serine endopeptidase plasmin.
obsolete chymotrypsin inhibitor activity
OBSOLETE. Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of the serine endopeptidase chymotrypsin.
Catalysis of the reaction: a pectate = a pectate + a pectate oligosaccharide with 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of pectate to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends.
(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonan lyase activity
alpha-1,4-D-endopolygalacturonic acid lyase activity
endo-alpha-1,4-polygalacturonic acid lyase activity
endogalacturonate transeliminase activity
endopectin methyltranseliminase activity
polygalacturonic acid trans-eliminase activity
polygalacturonic transeliminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction involving the transfer of a phosphatidate (otherwise known as diacylglycerol 3-phosphosphate) group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.
bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylation pathway
The proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix, usually carried out by proteases secreted by nearby cells.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of any of the extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.
nuclear body organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Cajal bodies, nuclear bodies that appear ultrastructurally as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter and are enriched in ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Lands, a class of nuclear body that react against SP140 auto-antibodies.
LYSP100-associated nuclear domain organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of PML bodies, a class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia).
ubiquitin-dependent SMAD protein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of SMAD signaling proteins by ubiquitination and targeting to the proteasome.
ubiquitin-dependent SMAD protein breakdown
ubiquitin-dependent SMAD protein catabolism
ubiquitin-dependent SMAD protein degradation
quinone cofactor methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine during the synthesis of quinone cofactors such as ubiquinone (coenzyme Q), menaquinone (vitamin K2), plastoquinone and phylloquinone (vitamin K1).
symbiont intracellular protein transport in host
The directed movement of a symbiont's proteins within a cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
intracellular protein transport in other organism during symbiotic interaction
intracellular protein transport in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a reproductive fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A reproductive fruiting body is a multicellular reproductive structure that contains spores.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myxococcal fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins when myxococci respond to a lack of nutrients in the environment and ends when the myxococcal fruiting body is a mature structure.
fruiting body development in cellular response to starvation
fruiting body development in response to starvation
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sporocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sporocarp is a spore bearing fruiting body organ. An example of this process is found in the Fungal species Coprinopsis cinerea.
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (diphosphate) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + oxaloacetate = CO2 + phosphate + phosphoenolpyruvate.
diphosphate:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating; phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)
diphosphate:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating)
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pyrophosphate) activity
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pyrophosphate)
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxyphosphotransferase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxytransphosphorylase activity
phosphoenolpyruvic carboxykinase (pyrophosphate)
phosphoenolpyruvic carboxylase (pyrophosphate)
phosphoenolpyruvic carboxytransphosphorylase activity
phosphopyruvate carboxykinase (pyrophosphate)
phosphopyruvate carboxylase (pyrophosphate)
[methionine synthase] reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [methionine synthase]-cob(II)alamin + NADPH + H+ + S-adenosyl methionine = [methionine synthase]-methylcob(I)alamin + S-adenosylhomocysteine + NADP+.
[methionine synthase]-cobalamin methyltransferase (cob(II)alamin reducing) activity
5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase
methionine synthase cob(II)alamin reductase (methylating) activity
methionine synthase-cobalamin methyltransferase (cob(II)alamin reducing)
methionine synthase-methylcob(I)alamin,S-adenosylhomocysteine:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the aggregation of individual cells and ends with the mature sorocarp. The sorocarp is a structure containing a spore-bearing sorus that sits on top of a stalk. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
Partial constriction of the cytoplasm of a cell to form a furrow that resembles a cleavage furrow but does not complete cytokinesis.
pseudocleavage involved in syncytial blastoderm formation
Formation of furrows in the cytoplasm between nuclei during cell cycles in embryos that contribute to the formation of the syncytial blastoderm. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
pseudocleavage during syncytial blastoderm formation
A process that occurs during the first cell cycle in an embryo, in which anterior cortical contractions culminate in a single partial constriction of the embryo called the pseudocleavage furrow. An example of this process is found in nematode worms.
2'-deoxyguanosine DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of the ADP-ribose group of NAD+ to the amino group at N2 of 2'-deoxyguanosine to yield N2-(alpha-ADP-ribos-1-yl)-2'-deoxyguanosine and its beta form.
The covalent attachment of an ADP-ribosyl group to a residue in double-stranded DNA.
The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.
Combining with a neurotransmitter and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-L-rhamnose residues in alpha-L-rhamnosides.
alpha-L-rhamnoside rhamnohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-glycosidic bonds in an RNA molecule.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the N-glycosylic bond at A-4324 in 28S rRNA from rat ribosomes or corresponding sites in 28S RNA from other species.
ribosomal ribonucleate N-glycosidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + n H2O = n methanol + pectate.
Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-polysaccharide + H2O = ferulate + polysaccharide.
4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl-sugar hydrolase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of N-terminal Arg and Lys from oligopeptides when P1' is not Pro. Also acts on arylamides of Arg and Lys.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the lysis of peptide bonds with broad specificity similar to that of pepsin A. Clots milk by cleavage of a single Ser-Phe-l-Met-Ala bond in kappa-casein.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oxaloacetate = acetate + H+ + oxalate.
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate + NADP+ = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + H+ + NADPH.
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate isomeroreductase activity
1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase activity
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (isomerizing)
2C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) synthase activity
Catalysis of the interconversion of arsenate and arsenite.
arsenate reductase (thioredoxin) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + thioredoxin = arsenite + thioredoxin disulfide. Thioredoxin disulfide is also known as oxidized thioredoxin.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with other acceptors
oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, disulfide as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with disulphide as acceptor
obsolete transforming growth factor beta receptor, common-partner cytoplasmic mediator activity
OBSOLETE. A TGF-beta cytoplasmic mediator that forms a complex with a phosphorylated pathway-specific mediator. The heterocomplex translocates to the nucleus to regulate transcription.
obsolete transforming growth factor beta receptor, inhibitory cytoplasmic mediator activity
OBSOLETE. A TGF-beta cytoplasmic mediator that inhibits the signaling function of common-partner and pathway-specific mediators.
obsolete transforming growth factor beta receptor, pathway-specific cytoplasmic mediator activity
OBSOLETE. A TGF-beta cytoplasmic mediator that is phosphorylated by a TGFbeta receptor and complexes with a common-partner mediator. The- heterocomplex translocates to the nucleus to regulate transcription.
Binding to a U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 snRNA).
Binding to a U2 small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA).
Binding to a U4 small nuclear RNA (U4 snRNA).
Binding to a U4atac small nuclear RNA (U4atac snRNA).
Binding to a U5 small nuclear RNA (U5 snRNA).
Binding to a U6atac small nuclear RNA (U6atac snRNA).
Binding to a U11 small nuclear RNA (U11 snRNA).
Binding to a U12 small nuclear RNA (U12 snRNA).
Binding to a pre-mRNA 5' splice site sequence.
Binding to a pre-mRNA 3' splice site sequence.
Binding to a U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA) at the 3' end.
The incorporation of pyrrolysine, also known as lysine methylamine methyltransferase cofactor adduct, into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UAG codon as a modified lysine, rather than as a termination codon. Pyrrolysine may be synthesized as a free amino acid or synthesized from a lysine charged tRNA before its incorporation; it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-lysine; this modification is found in several Methanosarcina methylamine methyltransferases.
lysine methylamine methyltransferase cofactor adduct incorporation
monomethylamine methyltransferase cofactor lysine adduct incorporation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.
obsolete D-alanine family amino acid catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-alanine and related amino acids.
A pathway of carbon dioxide fixation in which one molecule of acetyl-CoA is completely synthesized from two molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2).
obsolete acetate derivative metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving derivatives of acetic acid.
obsolete acetate derivative biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of derivatives of acetic acid.
obsolete acetate derivative catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of derivatives of acetic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions (protons) within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sulfate ions within a cell.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of phosphate ions within a cell.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of chloride ions within a cell.
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, with the production of acetic acid, butyric acid, carbon dioxide (CO2), and dihydrogen; effected by some saccharolytic species of Clostridium, e.g. C. butyricum.
aminoglycoside antibiotic metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin.
aminoglycoside antibiotic biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin.
aminoglycoside antibiotic catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides with antibiotic activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides with antibiotic activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides with antibiotic activity.
beta-lactam antibiotic metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.
beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.
beta-lactam antibiotic catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
obsolete regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes and prosthetic groups.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle.
constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle associated with the Golgi apparatus.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a chitosome.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a COPI-coated vesicle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense granule of the type found in apicomplexan parasites.
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a phagocytic vesicle.
clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding an axon; it is a specialized trilaminar random mosaic of protein molecules floating within a fluid matrix of highly mobile phospholipid molecules, 7-8 nm in thickness.
The binding activity of a protein that brings together two or more macromolecules in contact, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. The adaptor can bring together two proteins, or a protein and another macromolecule such as a lipid or a nucleic acid.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that catalyzes cleavage of the leader sequence of precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs), generating the mature 5' end of tRNAs.
A ribonuclease P complex located in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The subunit composition of mitochondrial ribonuclease P complexes varies between species. The complex contains a single RNA molecule and a single protein molecule in yeast (PMID:12045094), but comprises three proteins and lacks an RNA component in humans.
A ribonuclease P complex located in the cyanelle, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The best characterized cyanelle ribonuclease P complex, from the alga Cyanophora paradoxa, contains a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.
A ribonuclease P complex that contains a single RNA molecule that is necessary and usually sufficient for catalysis, and a single protein molecule. Examples of this complex are found in Bacterial species.
A ribonuclease P complex that generally contains a single RNA molecule and several protein molecules. Examples of this complex are found in Archaeal species.
A process by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense response. The host defense response is mounted by the host in response to the presence of the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
avoidance of defenses of other organism during symbiotic interaction
avoidance of defenses of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
evasion of other organism defence response
evasion or tolerance of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
evasion or tolerance of defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
evasion or tolerance of defenses of other organism
evasion or tolerance of defenses of other organism during symbiotic interaction
evasion or tolerance of defenses of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
evasion or tolerance of host defense response
Any complex of pre-rRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins formed during ribosome biogenesis.
Any complex of pre-rRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins formed in the nucleolus during ribosome biogenesis.
A large ribonucleoprotein complex considered to be the earliest preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 90S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.
A preribosomal complex consisting of 27SA, 27SB, and/or 7S pre-rRNA, 5S rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating large subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic large ribosomal subunit.
A preribosomal complex consisting of 20S pre-rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating small subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic small ribosomal subunit.
Any of several heterodimers containing one or two Noc proteins, associated with preribosomal complexes; involved in ribosome biogenesis.
A heterodimer associated with 90S and 66S preribosomes. Predominantly, but not exclusively, nucleolar; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.
A heterodimer associated with 66S preribosomes; predominantly nucleoplasmic, but also locates to the nucleolus; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.
A heterodimer associated with precursors of the eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit, including the 90S preribosome; involved in small subunit biogenesis.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond on the carboxyl side of an aspartate residue.
bacterial-type flagellum basal body, rod
The central portion of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body, which spans the periplasm and threads through the rings.
flagellin-based flagellum basal body, rod
Binds to and modulates the activity of a GTPase.
small GTPase regulatory/interacting protein activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to the C5 atom of the uridine residue at position 54 in a tRNA molecule.
S-adenosylmethionine-dependent tRNA (m5U54) methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing thymine at position U54 of a transfer RNA. This occurs in most Gram-negative bacteria, some archae, and eukaryotes.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (uracil-5-)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl methionine-dependent tRNA (m5U54) methyltransferase activity
transfer RNA uracil 5-methyltransferase activity
tRNA (uracil-5-)-methyltransferase activity
tRNA uracil 5-methyltransferase activity
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-dependent tRNA (m5U54) methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to the C5 atom of the uridine residue at position 54 in a tRNA molecule. This occurs in most Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + H2O + NH4 + thioredoxin disulfide = glycine + H+ + phosphate + thioredoxin.
acetyl-phosphate ammonia:thioredoxin disulfide oxidoreductase (glycine-forming)
Complex that possesses glycine reductase activity; usually comprises three subunits, of which two are selenoproteins; the subunits are typically designated selenoprotein A, selenoprotein B and protein C.
NAD+-dinitrogen-reductase ADP-D-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + [dinitrogen reductase] = nicotinamide + ADP-D-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase].
NAD+:[dinitrogen reductase] (ADP-D-ribosyl)transferase activity
NAD-azoferredoxin (ADPribose)transferase activity
NAD--azoferredoxin (ADP-ribose)transferase activity
NAD-dinitrogen-reductase ADP-D-ribosyltransferase activity
Construction of the eggshell, a product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration.
Construction of the vitelline membrane portion of the egg shell, a rigid structure required to maintain the shape of the egg.
cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport
The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell.
germarium-derived oocyte differentiation
The process in which one relatively unspecialized immature cystocyte of the germ-line cyst in the germarium acquires the specialized features of an oocyte. An example of this process can be found in Drosophila melanogaster.
follicle cell of egg chamber development
The process that occurs during oogenesis involving the ovarian follicle cells, somatic cells which surround the germ cells of an ovary. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
germarium-derived female germ-line cyst encapsulation
Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the germarium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The delamination process that results in the splitting off of border cells from the anterior epithelium, prior to border cell migration.
regulation of border follicle cell delamination
Any process that regulates the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.
positive regulation of border follicle cell delamination
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.
activation of border follicle cell delamination
positive regulation of border cell delamination
stimulation of border follicle cell delamination
upregulation of border follicle cell delamination
up regulation of border follicle cell delamination
up-regulation of border follicle cell delamination
negative regulation of border follicle cell delamination
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.
downregulation of border follicle cell delamination
down regulation of border follicle cell delamination
down-regulation of border follicle cell delamination
inhibition of border follicle cell delamination
negative regulation of border cell delamination
follicle cell of egg chamber stalk formation
Development of ovarian follicle cells to create the interfollicular stalks that connect the egg chambers of progressive developmental stages. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
anterior/posterior axis specification, follicular epithelium
Polarization of the follicle cells of an insect ovary along the anterior/posterior axis.
anterior/posterior axis determination, follicular epithelium
oocyte growth in germarium-derived egg chamber
The increase in volume of an oocyte during the growth phase of the egg chamber, once the egg chamber has left the germarium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the oocyte nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome.
germ-line stem cell population maintenance
Any process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of germ-line stem cells.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of polar granules, cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.
polar granule organization and biogenesis
oocyte localization involved in germarium-derived egg chamber formation
Directed movement of the oocyte, following its specification, from its original central position in the cyst to a posterior position relative to the nurse cells of the egg chamber, and its maintenance in this posterior location. This is the first sign of anterior-posterior asymmetry in the developing egg chamber.
establishment and maintenance of oocyte localization in egg chamber
establishment and maintenance of oocyte position during oogenesis
oocyte localisation involved in germarium-derived egg chamber formation
oocyte localization during germarium-derived egg chamber formation
oogenesis, establishment and maintenance of oocyte localization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spectrosome, a germline specific spherical organelle that is the precursor to the fusome.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of ovarian cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome. It anchors the mitotic spindle pole to provide orientation during cystoblast cell divisions.
ovarian fusome organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of testicular cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome.
testicular fusome organization and biogenesis
Assembly of the cytoplasmic bridges between developing spermatogonial or oogonial cysts.
Formation of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a male cyst.
germarium-derived female germ-line cyst formation
Formation, in a germarium, of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell (a cystoblast). The germarium is the most anterior portion of an insect ovariole. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
germarium-derived female germline cyst formation
The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate + H+.
The process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanidinoacetate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + creatine + H+.
guanidinoacetate methyltransferase activity
guanidinoacetate transmethylase activity
guanidoacetate methyltransferase activity
methionine-guanidinoacetic transmethylase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N-guanidinoacetate methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + S-methyl-L-methionine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:L-methionine S-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl methionine:methionine methyl transferase activity
S-adenosylmethionine-methionine methyltransferase activity
S-adenosylmethionine transmethylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a fatty acid methyl ester.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:fatty-acid O-methyltransferase activity
polysaccharide O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1,4-N1-D-glucooligosaccharide = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + oligosaccharide containing 6-methyl-D-glucose units.
acylpolysacharide 6-methyltransferase activity
polysaccharide methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 6-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + carnosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + anserine + H+.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:carnosine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + anisole + H+.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:phenol O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-iodophenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 1-iodo-2-methoxybenzene + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:2-iodophenol O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tyramine = N-methyltyramine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
DIB O-methyltransferase (3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid)
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tyramine N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-methionine:tyramine N-methyltransferase activity
O-demethylpuromycin O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + O-demethylpuromycin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + puromycin.
O-demethylpuromycin methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:O-demethylpuromycin O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-3-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
myo-inositol 1-methyltransferase activity
myo-inositol 1-O-methyltransferase (name based on 1L-numbering system and not 1D-numbering)
myo-inositol 1-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:1D-myo-inositol 3-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:myo-inositol 1-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosylmethionine:myo-inositol 1-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-1-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
inositol 3-O-methyltransferase (name based on 1L-numbering system and not 1D-numbering)
myo-inositol 3-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:1D-myo-inositol 1-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:myo-inositol 3-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosylmethionine:myo-inositol 3-methyltransferase activity
Binding to a protein or protein complex when at least one of the interacting partners is in the GTP-bound state.
rRNA (adenosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing a single residue of 2'-O-methyladenosine.
ribosomal ribonucleate adenosine 2'-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:rRNA (adenosine-2'-O)-methyltransferase activity
thiostrepton-resistance methylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + luteolin = 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
luteolin 3'-O-methyltransferase activity
o-dihydric phenol meta-O-methyltransferase activity
o-dihydric phenol methyltransferase activity
o-diphenol m-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone 3'-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosylmethionine:flavone/flavonol 3'-O-methyltransferase activity
dimethylhistidine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-alpha,N-alpha-dimethyl-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine.
dimethylhistidine methyltransferase activity
histidine-alpha-N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:alpha-N,alpha-N-dimethyl-L-histidine alpha-N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:Nalpha,Nalpha-dimethyl-L-histidine nalpha-methyltransferase activity
isoflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4'-O-methylisoflavone.
4'-hydroxyisoflavone methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:isoflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase activity
indolepyruvate C-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)pyruvate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-3-(indol-3-yl)-2-oxobutanoate.
indolepyruvate 3-methyltransferase activity
indolepyruvate methyltransferase activity
indolepyruvic acid methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(indol-3-yl)pyruvate C-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:indolepyruvate C-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + an amine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated amine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + loganate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + loganin.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:loganate 11-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:loganic acid methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + putrescine = N-methylputrescine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:putrescine N-methyltransferase activity
licodione 2'-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + licodione = 2'-O-methyllicodione + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:licodione 2'-O-methyltransferase activity
5-hydroxyfuranocoumarin 5-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5-hydroxyfuranocoumarin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methoxyfuranocoumarin.
bergaptol 5-O-methyltransferase activity
furanocoumarin 5-methyltransferase activity
furanocoumarin 5-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:5-hydroxyfuranocoumarin 5-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:5-hydroxyfurocoumarin 5-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:bergaptolO-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:bergaptol O-methyltransferase activity
8-hydroxyfuranocoumarin 8-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + xanthotoxol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + xanthotoxin. Xanthotoxol is also known as 8-hydroxyfuranocoumarin and xanthotoxin as 8-methoxyfuranocoumarin.
furanocoumarin 8-methyltransferase activity
furanocoumarin 8-O-methyl-transferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:8-hydroxyfuranocoumarin 8-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:8-hydroxyfurocoumarin 8-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:xanthotoxol O-methyltransferase activity
xanthotoxol 8-O-methyltransferase activity
xanthotoxol O-methyltransferase activity
apigenin 4'-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase activity
quercetin 3-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-methoxy-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone 3-O-methyltransferase activity
isoorientin 3'-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + isoorientin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + isoscoparin.
isoorientin 3'-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:isoorientin 3'-O-methyltransferase activity
3-methylquercitin 7-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
3-methylquercetin 7-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone 7-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone 7-O-methyltransferase activity
3,7-dimethylquercitin 4'-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',5-dihydroxy-3,4',7-trimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
3,7-dimethylquercetin 4'-O-methyltransferase activity
flavonol 4'-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:5,3',4'-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase activity
methylquercetagetin 6-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,6-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3',4',5,6-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone 6-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + pyridine = N-methylpyridinium + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:pyridine N-methyltransferase activity
8-hydroxyquercitin 8-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',4',5,7,8-hexahydroxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy-8-methoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
8-hydroxyquercetin 8-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3,3',4',5,7,8-hexahydroxyflavone 8-O-methyltransferase activity
tetrahydrocolumbamine 2-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + tetrahydropalmatine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:5,8,13,13a-tetrahydrocolumbamine 2-O-methyltransferase activity
tetrahydrocolumbamine methyltransferase activity
isobutyraldoxime O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanal oxime + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylpropanal O-methyloxime + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:2-methylpropanal-oxime O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosylmethionine:aldoxime O-methyltransferase activity
11-O-demethyl-17-O-deacetylvindoline O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 11-O-demethyl-17-O-deacetylvindoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 17-O-deacetylvindoline.
11-demethyl-17-deacetylvindoline 11-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:11-O-demethyl-17-O-deacetylvindoline 11-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:16-hydroxytabersonine 16-O-methyltransferase activity
tabersonine 16-O-methyltransferase activity
3-hydroxyanthranilate 4-C-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-hydroxy-4-methylanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
3-hydroxyanthranilate 4-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3-hydroxyanthranilate 4-C-methyltransferase activity
16-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxytabersonine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + deacetoxyvindoline + H+.
16-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxytabersonine methyltransferase activity
3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:16-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxytabersonine N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + macrocin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + tylosin.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:macrocin 3'''-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-macrocin O-methyltransferase activity
demethylmacrocin O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + demethylmacrocin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + macrocin.
demethylmacrocin methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:demethylmacrocin 2'''-O-methyltransferase activity
N-benzoyl-4-hydroxyanthranilate 4-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzoyl-4-hydroxyanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = N-benzoyl-4-methoxyanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
benzoyl-CoA:anthranilate N-benzoyltransferase
N-benzoyl-4-hydroxyanthranilate 4-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N-benzoyl-4-O-hydroxyanthranilate 4-O-methyltransferase activity
tryptophan 2-C-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + L-tryptophan = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-2-methyltryptophan + H+.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:L-tryptophan 2-C-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosylmethionine:tryptophan 2-methyltransferase activity
6-hydroxymellein O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxymellein + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 6-methoxymellein + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
6-hydroxymellein methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:6-hydroxymellein 6-O-methyltransferase activity
anthranilate N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + anthranilate = N-methylanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
anthranilic acid N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:anthranilate N-methyltransferase activity
glucuronoxylan 4-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glucuronoxylan D-glucuronate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + glucuronoxylan 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronate.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:glucuronoxylan-D-glucuronate 4-O-methyltransferase activity
(RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methyl-(RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline.
(RS)-tetrahydrobenzylisoquinoline N-methyltransferase activity
norreticuline N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline N-methyltransferase activity
(S)-scoulerine 9-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(S)-scoclaurine 9-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(S)-scoulerine 9-O-methyltransferase activity
columbamine O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + columbamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + palmatine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:columbamine O-methyltransferase activity
10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine 10-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dihydrochelirubine + H+.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine 10-O-methyltransferase activity
12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine 12-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dihydromacarpine + H+.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine 12-O-methyltransferase activity
6-O-methylnorlaudanosoline 5'-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 6-O-methylnorlaudanosoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + nororientaline.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:6-O-methylnorlaudanosoline 5'-O-methyltransferase activity
(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cis-N-methyl-(S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine cis-N-methyltransferase activity
tetrahydroprotoberberine cis-N-methyltransferase activity
[cytochrome c]-methionine S-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [cytochrome c]-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [cytochrome c]-S-methyl-methionine.
cytochrome c-methionine S-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:cytochrome c-methionine S-methyltransferase activity
3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-reticuline.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase activity
[ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-N6-methyl-L-lysine.
ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit epsilonN-methyltransferase activity
ribulose-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase N-methyltransferase activity
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase-lysine N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3-phospho-D-glycerate-carboxy-lyase (dimerizing)-lysine 6-N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3-phospho-D-glycerate-carboxy-lyase (dimerizing)-lysine N6-methyltransferase activity
(RS)-norcoclaurine 6-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (RS)-norcoclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (RS)-coclaurine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(RS)-norcoclaurine 6-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
myo-inositol 4-O-methyltransferase activity
myo-inositol 6-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:1D-myo-inositol 4-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:myo-inositol 4-O-methyltransferase activity
precorrin-2 C20-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-2 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + precorrin-3A.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:precorrin-4 C20-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine--precorrin-2 methyltransferase activity
precorrin-3B C17-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-3B = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin 4.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:precorrin-3B C17-methyltransferase activity
chlorophenol O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trichlorophenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trichloroanisole.
halogenated phenol O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:trichlorophenol O-methyltransferase activity
trichlorophenol O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + arsenite = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methylarsonate.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:arsenic(III) methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:arsenite As-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:methylarsonite As-methyltransferase activity
methylarsonite methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + methylarsonite = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dimethylarsinate.
3'-demethylstaurosporine O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-demethylstaurosporine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + staurosporine.
3'-demethoxy-3'-hydroxystaurosporine O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3'-demethylstaurosporine O-methyltransferase activity
(S)-coclaurine-N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (S)-coclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-N-methylcoclaurine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(S)-coclaurine-N-methyltransferase activity
methyl jasmonate methylesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a jasmonate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methyljasmonate.
jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:jasmonate O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase activity
cycloartenol 24-C-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cycloartenol = (24R)-24-methylcycloart-25-en-3beta-ol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:cycloartenol 24-C-methyltransferase activity
24-methylenesterol C-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 24-methylidenelophenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = (Z)-24-ethylidenelophenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
24-methylenelophenol C-24(1)-methyltransferase activity
24-methylenelophenol C-241-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:24-methylenelophenol C-methyltransferase activity
trans-aconitate 2-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trans-aconitate = (E)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)pent-2-enedioate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate 2'-O-methyltransferase activity
obsolete regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic nucleotides.
obsolete negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic nucleotides.
obsolete positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic nucleotides.
obsolete regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic nucleotides.
obsolete negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic nucleotides.
obsolete positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic nucleotides.
regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides.
regulation of cyclic nucleotide breakdown
regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolism
regulation of cyclic nucleotide degradation
obsolete negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides.
obsolete positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides.
regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.
negative regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.
downregulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
down regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
down-regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
inhibition of nucleotide biosynthetic process
negative regulation of nucleotide anabolism
negative regulation of nucleotide biosynthesis
negative regulation of nucleotide formation
negative regulation of nucleotide synthesis
positive regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.
activation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
positive regulation of nucleotide anabolism
positive regulation of nucleotide biosynthesis
positive regulation of nucleotide formation
positive regulation of nucleotide synthesis
stimulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
upregulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
up regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
up-regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
negative regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
downregulation of nucleotide catabolic process
down regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
down-regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
inhibition of nucleotide catabolic process
negative regulation of nucleotide breakdown
negative regulation of nucleotide catabolism
negative regulation of nucleotide degradation
positive regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
activation of nucleotide catabolic process
positive regulation of nucleotide breakdown
positive regulation of nucleotide catabolism
positive regulation of nucleotide degradation
stimulation of nucleotide catabolic process
upregulation of nucleotide catabolic process
up regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
up-regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
obsolete regulation of cAMP metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
obsolete negative regulation of cAMP metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
obsolete positive regulation of cAMP metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
obsolete regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
obsolete negative regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
obsolete positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
obsolete regulation of cAMP catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
obsolete negative regulation of cAMP catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
obsolete positive regulation of cAMP catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
obsolete regulation of cGMP metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cGMP.
obsolete negative regulation of cGMP metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cGMP.
obsolete positive regulation of cGMP metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cGMP.
obsolete regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cGMP.
obsolete negative regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cGMP.
obsolete positive regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cGMP.
obsolete regulation of cGMP catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cGMP.
obsolete negative regulation of cGMP catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cGMP.
obsolete positive regulation of cGMP catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cGMP.
Any process that controls the length of actin filaments in a cell.
regulation of actin filament polymerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.
regulation of actin filament depolymerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament.
negative regulation of actin filament depolymerization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization.
downregulation of actin filament depolymerization
down regulation of actin filament depolymerization
down-regulation of actin filament depolymerization
inhibition of actin filament depolymerization
negative regulation of actin depolymerization
negative regulation of actin polymerization and/or depolymerization
positive regulation of actin filament depolymerization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization.
activation of actin filament depolymerization
positive regulation of actin depolymerization
positive regulation of actin polymerization and/or depolymerization
stimulation of actin filament depolymerization
upregulation of actin filament depolymerization
up regulation of actin filament depolymerization
up-regulation of actin filament depolymerization
negative regulation of actin filament polymerization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.
downregulation of actin filament polymerization
down regulation of actin filament polymerization
down-regulation of actin filament polymerization
inhibition of actin filament polymerization
negative regulation of actin polymerization
positive regulation of actin filament polymerization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.
activation of actin filament polymerization
positive regulation of actin polymerization
stimulation of actin filament polymerization
upregulation of actin filament polymerization
up regulation of actin filament polymerization
up-regulation of actin filament polymerization
regulation of intermediate filament polymerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of intermediate filaments by the addition of monomers to a filament.
negative regulation of intermediate filament polymerization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament polymerization.
downregulation of intermediate filament polymerization
down regulation of intermediate filament polymerization
down-regulation of intermediate filament polymerization
inhibition of intermediate filament polymerization
negative regulation of intermediate filament polymerization and/or depolymerization
positive regulation of intermediate filament polymerization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament polymerization.
activation of intermediate filament polymerization
positive regulation of intermediate filament polymerization and/or depolymerization
stimulation of intermediate filament polymerization
upregulation of intermediate filament polymerization
up regulation of intermediate filament polymerization
up-regulation of intermediate filament polymerization
regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of intermediate filaments by the removal of monomers from a filament.
negative regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament depolymerization.
downregulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
down regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
down-regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
inhibition of intermediate filament depolymerization
positive regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament depolymerization.
activation of intermediate filament depolymerization
stimulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
upregulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
up regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
up-regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
phospholipase C-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway which proceeds with inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) activity and a subsequent decrease in the levels of cellular inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
GPCR signaling pathway coupled to inhibition of phospholipase C activity
GPCR signaling pathway via inhibition of PLC
G-protein-coupled inhibitory pathway of phospholipase C
inhibition of phospholipase C activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway
phospholipase C-inhibiting G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled
An RNA polymerase II transcription termination process in which cleavage and polyadenylylation of the mRNA 3' end are coupled to transcription termination.
termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, polyadenylation-coupled
transcription termination from Pol II promoter, poly(A) coupled
transcription termination from Pol II promoter, RNA polymerase(A) coupled
termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, exosome-dependent
The process in which transcription of nonpolyadenylated RNA polymerase II transcripts is terminated; coupled to the maturation of the RNA 3'-end.
termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-independent
transcription termination from Pol II promoter, poly(A)-independent
transcription termination from Pol II promoter, RNA polymerase(A)-independent
threo-3-hydroxyaspartate ammonia-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = NH4 + oxaloacetate.
L-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase activity
threo-3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase activity
threo-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate ammonia-lyase (oxaloacetate-forming)
threo-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate ammonia-lyase activity
Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prostate gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid.
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils.
regulation of granulocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.
negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.
downregulation of granulocyte differentiation
down regulation of granulocyte differentiation
down-regulation of granulocyte differentiation
inhibition of granulocyte differentiation
positive regulation of granulocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.
activation of granulocyte differentiation
stimulation of granulocyte differentiation
upregulation of granulocyte differentiation
up regulation of granulocyte differentiation
up-regulation of granulocyte differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium.
regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.
negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.
downregulation of epithelial cell differentiation
down regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
down-regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
inhibition of epithelial cell differentiation
positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.
activation of epithelial cell differentiation
stimulation of epithelial cell differentiation
upregulation of epithelial cell differentiation
up regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
up-regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
polarized epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a polarized epithelial cell. The polarized epithelial cell can be any of the cells within an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis.
regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.
negative regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.
downregulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
down regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
down-regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
inhibition of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
positive regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.
activation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
stimulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
upregulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
up regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
up-regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.
cortical cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
cortical actin cytoskeleton organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.
cortical actin cytoskeleton organisation
cortical actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
cortical actin cytoskeleton stabilization
The lipid bilayer surrounding the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
A protein complex that mediates transcriptional silencing at the rDNA locus (the name derives from regulator of nucleolar silencing and telophase). In Saccharomyces the complex contains Net1p, Sir2p, Cdc14p, and at least one more subunit.
Trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity; involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex comprises Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p; complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins.
The portion of nuclear chromatin associated with the nucleolus; includes the DNA encoding the ribosomal RNA.
Any of the tandem arrays of rDNA localized at the periphery of the nucleus and protruding into the nucleolus, and associated proteins. May be visible as a single or double spot by DAPI staining.
A protein complex composed of an alpha and a beta receptor subunit and an interleukin ligand. In human, Interleukin-19, -20 and -24 bind IL20RA/IL20RB receptor subunits and Interleukin-20 and -24 bind IL22RA1/IL20RB receptor subunits.
A cytoplasmic protein complex containing glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3-beta), the adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC), and the scaffolding protein axin, among others; phosphorylates beta-catenin, targets it for degradation by the proteasome.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages.
Any complex that possesses RNA polymerase activity; generally comprises a catalytic subunit and one or more additional subunits.
Binding to an endogenous cellular lipid antigen.
Binding to an exogenous lipid antigen (examples include microbial lipids and glycolipids).
regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation.
negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell activation.
downregulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
down regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
down-regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
inhibition of myeloid dendritic cell activation
positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation.
activation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
stimulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
upregulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
up regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
up-regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell proliferation.
regulation of B lymphocyte proliferation
regulation of B-lymphocyte proliferation
negative regulation of B cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.
negative regulation of B-cell proliferation
negative regulation of B lymphocyte proliferation
negative regulation of B-lymphocyte proliferation
positive regulation of B cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.
positive regulation of B-cell proliferation
positive regulation of B lymphocyte proliferation
positive regulation of B-lymphocyte proliferation
A protein complex that possesses ubiquitin ligase activity; the complex is usually pentameric; for example, in mammals the subunits are pVHL, elongin B, elongin C, cullin-2 (Cul2), and Rbx1.
von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor complex
A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the meiotic cohesin complex.
A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the mitotic cohesin complex.
A multi-component enzymatic machine at the replication fork which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.
apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex
Protein complex that mediates editing of the mRNA encoding apolipoprotein B; catalyzes the deamination of C to U (residue 6666 in the human mRNA). Contains a catalytic subunit, APOBEC-1, and other proteins (e.g. human ASP; rat ASP and KSRP).
Conserved heterotrimeric complex of PCNA-like proteins that is loaded onto DNA at sites of DNA damage.
A multimeric protein complex that associates with the vacuolar membrane, late endosomal (multivesicular body) and lysosomal membranes. HOPS is a tethering complex involved in vesicle fusion.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of calcium ion (Ca2+).
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles).
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindbrain is the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain, or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium).
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.
A conserved hetero-pentameric membrane-associated complex involved in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. The budding yeast retromer comprises Vps35p, Vps29p, Vps26p, Vps5p, and Vps17p. The mammalian complex shows slight variation in composition compared to yeast, and comprises SNX1 or SNX2, SNX5 or SNX6, VPS26A or VPS26B, VPS29, and VPS35.
The dimeric subcomplex of the retromer, believed to be peripherally associated with the membrane. This dimeric complex is responsible for remodelling endosomal membranes to form a tube-structure to which cargo molecules are selected for recycling. The budding yeast complex comprises Vps5p and Vps17p, and may contain multiple copies of a Vps5p/Vps17p dimer. The mammalian complex contains SNX1 or SNX2 dimerized with SNX5 or SNX6.
heterodimeric membrane-deforming retromer subcomplex
The trimeric subcomplex of the retromer, believed to be closely associated with the membrane. This trimeric complex is responsible for recognizing and binding to cargo molecules. The complex comprises three Vps proteins in both yeast and mammalian cells: Vps35p, Vps29p, and Vps26p in yeast, and VPS35, VPS29 and VPS26A or VPS26B in mammals.
A protein complex that binds to the Mlu1 cell cycle box (MCB) promoter element, consensus sequence ACGCGN, and is involved in regulation of transcription during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains a heterodimer of the DNA binding protein Mbp1p and the activator Swi6p, and is associated with additional proteins known as Nrm1p, Msa1p, and Msa2p; in Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains Res1p, Res2p, and Cdc10p.
The post-translational removal of peptide sequences from within a protein sequence.
The post-translational removal of peptide sequences from within a protein sequence, by a process not involving inteins.
The formation of a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
Binding to a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of a protein, the consensus sequence of which is defined by a pattern of small and large hydrophobic amino acids and a structure composed of helices.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a deep water stimulus, being immersed in standing deep water throughout the life cycle.
Formation of the junction between an axon and the glial cell that forms the myelin sheath. Paranodal junctions form at each paranode, i.e. at the ends of the unmyelinated nodes of Ranvier.
A conserved complex that contains a heterodimer of SMC proteins (Smc5p and Smc6p, or homologs thereof) and several other proteins, and is involved in DNA repair and maintaining cell cycle arrest following DNA damage. In S. cerevisiae, this is an octameric complex called Mms21-Smc5-Smc6 complex, with at least five of its subunits conserved in fission yeast and humans.
The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages.
isthmomesencephalic boundary development
midbrain-hindbrain orgainizer development
The acetylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-acetyl-L-serine.
peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation to form (Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine
The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-(Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.
peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation to form (E)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine
The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-(E)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.
obsolete metal incorporation into metallo-oxygen cluster
OBSOLETE. The formation of a cluster of several metal atoms, including manganese or calcium, with one or more bridging (mu-bond) oxygen atoms; amino acids residues in proteins that may ligate the metal oxygen cluster are histidine, aspartate, and glutamate.
obsolete manganese incorporation into metallo-oxygen cluster
OBSOLETE. The incorporation of manganese into a metallo-oxygen cluster.
obsolete calcium incorporation into metallo-oxygen cluster
OBSOLETE. The incorporation of calcium into a metallo-oxygen cluster.
obsolete calcium incorporation into metallo-oxygen cluster via bis-L-aspartato tris-L-glutamato L-histidino calcium tetramanganese tetroxide
OBSOLETE. The incorporation of calcium into a 4Mn-Ca-4O complex by bis-L-aspartato tris-L-glutamato L-histidino calcium tetramanganese tetroxide as in the photosystem II catalytic site.
obsolete manganese incorporation into metallo-oxygen cluster via bis-L-aspartato tris-L-glutamato L-histidino calcium tetramanganese tetroxide
OBSOLETE. The incorporation of manganese into a 4Mn-Ca-4O complex by bis-L-aspartato tris-L-glutamato L-histidino calcium tetramanganese tetroxide as in the photosystem II catalytic site.
Complex that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity. In all organisms where it has been found, the complex is a tetramer. In bacteria, it is a homotetramer. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed small and large subunits.
homotetrameric ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
A protein complex composed of four identical subunits that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
heterotetrameric ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
A protein complex composed of four different subunits that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
amyloplast ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in the amyloplast.
chloroplast ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in the chloroplast.
Any collagen complex which links one collagen assembly, such as a collagen fibril or sheet, to other structures.
A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers assemble into a sheet.
Any collagen trimer that passes through a lipid bilayer membrane.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XVII) chains; type XVII collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane and associate with hemidesmosomes and the basal lamina where they bind laminin.
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XVIII) chains.
obsolete response to long-day photoperiod
OBSOLETE. A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a photoperiod, an intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night) photoperiod regimes, with the light phase being longer than the dark.
obsolete response to short-day photoperiod
OBSOLETE. A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a photoperiod, an intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night) photoperiod regimes, with the dark phase being longer than the light.
Binding to a chloroplast targeting sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the chloroplast.
endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide binding
Binding to an endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the endoplasmic reticulum.
mitochondrion targeting sequence binding
Binding to a mitochondrion targeting sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial targeting sequence binding
Binding to a KDEL sequence, the C terminus tetrapeptide sequence Asp-Asp-Glu-Leu found in proteins that are to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.
protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, via thiol-phosphate intermediate
The catalysis of phosphate removal from a phosphotyrosine using cysteine as a nucleophile and proceed by means of a thiol-phosphate intermediate.
protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, metal-dependent
Catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate. This reaction requires metal ions.
regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signalling pathway
regulation of VEGF receptor signaling pathway
regulation of VEGF receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of VEGF receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of VEGF receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of VEGF receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of VEGF receptor signalling pathway
stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
establishment or maintenance of actin cytoskeleton polarity
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized actin-based cytoskeletal structures.
establishment or maintenance of microtubule cytoskeleton polarity
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized microtubule-based cytoskeletal structures.
establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of astral microtubules, any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles.
astral microtubule organization and biogenesis
The 'de novo' formation of an astral microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule.
glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase complex
A protein complex that possesses glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase activity, and therefore creates Gln-tRNA by amidating Glu-tRNA; usually composed of 3 subunits: A, B, and C. Note that the C subunit may not be required in all organisms.
Binding to Tat, a viral transactivating regulatory protein from the human immunodeficiency virus, or the equivalent protein from another virus.
A protein complex required for heterochromatin assembly; contains an Argonaute homolog, a chromodomain protein, and at least one additional protein; named for RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing.
peptide cross-linking via 3'-(3'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine
The modification of two peptidyl-tyrosines to form a 3'-(3'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.
peptide cross-linking via 3'-(O4'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine
The modification of two peptidyl-tyrosines to form a 3'-(O4'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.
The hydroxylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-hydroxyarginine.
peptidyl-arginine dihydroxylation to peptidyl-3,4-dihydroxy-L-arginine
The dihydroxylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-3,4-dihydroxy-L-arginine.
peptidyl-lysine dihydroxylation to 4,5-dihydroxy-L-lysine
The dihydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-4,5-dihydroxy-L-lysine.
An integral membrane complex that possesses NADH oxidoreductase activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It catalyzes the transfer of a pair of electrons from NADH to a quinone.
NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone)
plastid NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone)
plasma membrane electron transport, NADH to quinone
The transfer of electrons from NADH to the quinone pool that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation and results in the generation of a proton gradient, mediated by the enzyme known as NADH-quinone oxidoreductase.
endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or other ER-related stress; results in changes in the regulation of transcription and translation.
obsolete mRNA splicing via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation involved in unfolded protein response
OBSOLETE. The spliceosome-independent cleavage and ligation of the mRNA encoding a UFP-specific transcription factor to remove a single intron, thereby increasing both the translational efficiency of the processed mRNA and the activity of the protein it encodes.
retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol
The directed movement of unfolded or misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol through the translocon.
protein retrotranslocation, ER to cytosol
retrograde protein transport, endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol
Binding to a receptor that possesses protein tyrosine kinase activity.
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase ligand binding
obsolete cleavage of cytosolic proteins involved in execution phase of apoptosis
OBSOLETE. The proteolytic degradation of proteins in the cytosol that contributes to apoptosis.
thiamine pyrophosphate transmembrane transport
The process in which thiamine pyrophosphate is transported across a membrane.
Binding to thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
Binding to thiamine pyrophosphate, the diphosphoric ester of thiamine. Acts as a coenzyme of several (de)carboxylases, transketolases, and alpha-oxoacid dehydrogenases.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-glucans.
The portion of the microtubule cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell powered by the rearward secretion of carbohydrate slime.
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing one or more mismatches.
Binding to a kininogen, a kinin precursor.
Binding to a kininogen of high molecular mass.
Binding to a kininogen of low molecular mass.
high molecular weight kininogen receptor binding
Binding to a high molecular weight kininogen receptor.
high molecular weight kininogen receptor complex
A protein complex that acts as a receptor for high molecular weight kininogens. In humans, this receptor includes the CK1 and uPAR proteins.
dynein-driven meiotic oscillatory nuclear movement
Oscillatory movement of the nucleus involved in meiosis I. This oscillatory movement is led by an astral microtubule array emanating from the spindle pole body, and driven by the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein.
A nonmembrane-bound oligomeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules.
The smaller subcomplex of the intraciliary transport particle; characterized complexes have molecular weights of 710-760 kDa.
The larger subcomplex of the intraciliary transport particle; characterized complexes have molecular weights around 550 kDa.
axonemal heterotrimeric kinesin-II complex
A kinesin complex found in eukaryotic axonemes that contains two distinct plus end-directed kinesin motor proteins and at least one accessory subunit, and that functions in the anterograde transport of molecules (cargo) from the basal body to the distal tip of the axoneme.
Dissolution of the primary septum during cell separation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the dissolution of the septum edging during cell separation.
obsolete mitotic cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation
OBSOLETE. The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.
regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
Any process that modulates the extent to which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired; may be mediated by the assembly and disassembly of a proteinaceous linker.
A proteinaceous scaffold associated with fission yeast chromosomes during meiotic prophase. Linear elements consist of a protein complex, LinE, with four main structural components (Rec10, Rec25, Rec27, and Mug20 in S. pombe) associated with chromatin. The resulting structure is related to but not equivalent to the synaptonemal complex.
The cell cycle process in which linear elements are assembled in association with fission yeast chromosomes during meiotic prophase. Linear element assembly begins with LinE complex formation and ends when LinE complexes are associated with chromatin in structures visible as nuclear foci. A linear element is a proteinaceous scaffold related to the synaptonemal complex.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.
A cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins. Actin rod structures are found in diverse organisms, having been observed in spores of Dictyostelium discoideum, Drosophila melanogaster oocytes, as well as in numerous animal cells under stress conditions.
A cellular structure, approximately 13 nm in diameter, consisting of three actin filaments bundled together.
potassium ion-transporting ATPase complex
Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in). It is a high affinity potassium uptake system. The E. coli complex consists of 4 proteins: KdpA is the potassium ion translocase, KdpB is the ATPase, and KdpC and KdpF seem to be involved in assembly and stabilization of the complex.
Binding to a filamin, any member of a family of high molecular mass cytoskeletal proteins that crosslink actin filaments to form networks and stress fibers. Filamins contain an amino-terminal alpha-actinin-like actin binding domain, which is followed by a rod-domain composed of 4 to 24 100-residue repetitive segments including a carboxy-terminal dimerization domain.
An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in a plastid.
Any nuclear protein complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the imitation switch (ISWI) family. ISWI ATPases are involved in assembling chromatin and in sliding and spacing nucleosomes to regulate transcription of nuclear RNA polymerases I, II, and III and also DNA replication, recombination and repair.
A multisubunit protein complex that contains the Ino80p ATPase; exhibits chromatin remodeling activity.
A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues.
Binding to troponin I, the inhibitory subunit of the troponin complex.
Binding to troponin T, the tropomyosin-binding subunit of the troponin complex.
OBSOLETE. A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex that interacts with karyopherin-cargo complexes; a well-characterized example in Saccharomyces contains Asm4p, Nup53p, and Nup170p.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the exocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.
An mRNA editing complex found in the mitochondrion. The best characterized example is that of Trypanosoma brucei, which catalyzes the insertion and deletion of uridylates.
An mRNA editing complex found in a plastid.
interphase microtubule organizing center
A microtubule organizing center found in interphase cells, which organize a longitudinal array of three to five MT bundles from the nuclear envelope during interphase. Each MT bundle is composed of two to seven MTs arranged in an antiparallel configuration, with the dynamic MT plus ends extending toward the cell tips and stable minus ends near the nucleus.
interphase microtubule organising center
The directed movement of the nucleus along microfilaments within the cell, mediated by motor proteins.
nuclear migration, microfilament-mediated
microtubule organizing center organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microtubule organizing center, a structure from which microtubules grow.
microtubule organising center organisation
microtubule organizing center organization and biogenesis
interphase microtubule organizing center assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including gamma-tubulin and other proteins, to form an interphase microtubule organizing center.
interphase microtubule organising center biosynthesis
interphase microtubule organising center formation
interphase microtubule organizing center biogenesis
interphase microtubule organizing centre assembly
equatorial microtubule organizing center disassembly
The process in which the equatorial microtubule organizing center is disassembled at the end of mitosis.
equatorial microtubule organising center disassembly
A complex that possesses glutamate synthase activity.
A protein complex that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.
The series of molecular signals, mediated by the small GTPase Ras, that results in the initiation of contraction of the contractile ring, at the beginning of cytokinesis and cell division by septum formation. The pathway coordinates chromosome segregation with mitotic exit and cytokinesis.
regulation of septation initiation signaling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.
regulation of septation initiation network
regulation of septation initiation signaling cascade
regulation of septation initiation signalling
negative regulation of septation initiation signaling
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.
downregulation of septation initiation signaling
down regulation of septation initiation signaling
down-regulation of septation initiation signaling
inhibition of septation initiation signaling
negative regulation of septation initiation network
negative regulation of septation initiation signaling cascade
negative regulation of septation initiation signalling
positive regulation of septation initiation signaling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.
activation of septation initiation signaling
positive regulation of septation initiation network
positive regulation of septation initiation signaling cascade
positive regulation of septation initiation signalling
stimulation of septation initiation signaling
upregulation of septation initiation signaling
up regulation of septation initiation signaling
up-regulation of septation initiation signaling
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin. The myosin may be organized into filaments.
actomyosin structure organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a filament composed of myosin molecules.
myosin polymerization or depolymerization
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a filament composed of myosin molecules.
The disassembly of a filament composed of myosin molecules.
The formation of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
The disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
myosin II filament assembly or disassembly
myosin II polymerization or depolymerization
A membrane-bounded organelle of ciliated protozoan cells that contains polyploid copies of a portion of the cell's complete genome. Transcription of genes occurs in macronuclei. Some ciliate species may contain multiple macronuclei per cell.
A membrane-bounded organelle of ciliated protozoan cells that contains a diploid copy of the cell's complete genome. Sections of contiguous sequence in the macronucleus are often interrupted by internal eliminated sequences (IES), and may be permuted, in micronuclei. Genic transcription is not found in micronuclei. Some ciliate species may contain multiple micronuclei per cell.
The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 5 O-glycan structure, GalNAc-alpha-(1->3)-GalNAc.
The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 6 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->6)-GalNAc.
The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 7 O-glycan structure, GalNAc-alpha-(1->6)-GalNAc.
The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 8 O-glycan structure, Gal-alpha-(1->3)-GalNAc.
Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix; contains proteins destined to be secreted.
A process in which an RNA molecule reduces expression of target genes. This can occur pre-transcriptionally by assembly of heterochromatin and prevention of transcription or co- or post-transcriptionally by targeting RNAs for degradation or by interfering with splicing or translation. This process starts once the inhibitory RNA molecule has been transcribed, and includes processing of the RNA such as cleavage, modifications, transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, loading onto the RISC complex, and the effect on transcription or translation.
small ncRNA-mediated heterochromatin formation
A heterochromatin formation-based gene silencing process mediated by a small non-coding RNA molecule that occur before the beginnning of trancription.
heterochromatin assembly involved in chromatin silencing by small RNA
heterochromatin formation involved in chromatin silencing by small RNA
pre-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA
pre-transcriptional gene silencing by small non-coding RNA
RNA interference-like chromatin silencing
small non-coding RNA-dependent heterochromatin formation
small RNA-mediated heterochromatic silencing
small RNA-mediated heterochromatin formation
A process in which genomic fragments or entire chromosomes are eliminated from somatic cells or from micronuclei of ciliates. This process occurs in the developing macronucleus (anlage) of a ciliate, as well as in other species, including vertebrates and is an irreversible mechanism of gene silencing.
programmed DNA elimination by chromosome breakage
Regulated cleavage of the developing macronuclear genome at a limited number of chromosome breakage sites (CBS). The macronuclear destined segment (MDS) sequence adjacent to the CBS (or separated from it by a BES) receives a macronuclear telomere following chromosome breakage.
A process involved in the conversion of a primary microRNA transcript into a pre-microRNA molecule.
A process involved in the conversion of a pre-microRNA transcript into a mature microRNA molecule.
Dynamic structural changes in centromeric DNA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of a histone.
obsolete negative regulation of histone modification
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of a histone.
obsolete positive regulation of histone modification
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of a histone.
obsolete histone deacetylation at centromere
OBSOLETE. The removal of acetyl groups from histones in centromeric DNA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones.
negative regulation of histone methylation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones.
positive regulation of histone methylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones.
negative regulation of histone deacetylation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones.
down regulation of histone deacetylation
down-regulation of histone deacetylation
positive regulation of histone deacetylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones.
obsolete regulation of histone deacetylation at centromere
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones in centromeric DNA.
obsolete negative regulation of histone deacetylation at centromere
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups to histones in centromeric DNA.
obsolete positive regulation of histone deacetylation at centromere
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones in centromeric DNA.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized.
The biogenesis of a snoRNA molecule which resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + [enzyme]-cysteine = L-alanine + [enzyme]-S-sulfanylcysteine.
L-cysteine:enzyme cysteine sulfurtransferase activity
Binding to a heat shock protein, a protein synthesized or activated in response to heat shock.
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of cholesterol at position 26 of the side chain, to produce 26-hydroxycholesterol.
Any complex that acts to move proteins or RNAs into or out of the nucleus through nuclear pores.
The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
post-embryonic camera-type eye development
The process occurring during the post-embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
post-embryonic camera-style eye development
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 14 of the histone H3 protein.
histone deacetylase activity (H3-K14 specific)
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the selective cleavage of GlnGly bond in the poliovirus polyprotein. In other picornavirus reactions Glu may be substituted for Gln, and Ser or Thr for Gly.
A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that forms the outer rings of the core scaffold, a lattice-like structure that gives the NPC its shape and strength. In S. cerevisiae, the two outer rings each contain multiple copies of the following proteins: Nup133p, Nup120p, Nup145Cp, Nup85p, Nup84p, Seh1p, and Sec13p. In vertebrates, the two outer rings each contain multiple copies of the following proteins: Nup133, Nup160, Nup96, Nup75, Nup107, Seh1, Sec13, Nup43, Nup37, and ALADIN. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometimes referred to as the Nup84 complex (S. cerevisiae) or the Nup107-160 complex (vertebrates).
Any of several protein complexes required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and other related organelles; acronym for biogenesis of lysosomal-related organelles complex.
A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. Many of the protein subunits are conserved between mouse and human; the mouse complex contains the Pallidin, Muted, Cappuccino, Dysbindin, Snapin, BLOS1, BLOS2, AND BLOS3 proteins.
A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. The human complex contains the Hps3, Hps5, and Hps6 proteins; the mouse complex contains ru2 and ru.
A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. The human complex contains the Hps1 and Hps4 proteins.
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-independent decay
A pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of steps that is independent of deadenylation, but requires decapping followed by transcript decay, and that can regulate mRNA stability.
mRNA breakdown, deadenylation-independent decay
mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-independent
mRNA catabolic process, deadenylylation-independent
mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-independent
mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-independent decay
mRNA catabolism, deadenylylation-independent
mRNA degradation, deadenylation-independent decay
nuclear mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-independent decay
deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA
Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is independent of poly(A) tail shortening.
deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear mRNA
The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense granule.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet dense granule.
A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle.
A secretory organelle found in blood platelets, which is unique in that it exhibits further compartmentalization and acquires its protein content via two distinct mechanisms: (1) biosynthesis predominantly at the megakaryocyte (MK) level (with some vestigial platelet synthesis) (e.g. platelet factor 4) and (2) endocytosis and pinocytosis at both the MK and circulating platelet levels (e.g. fibrinogen (Fg) and IgG).
The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet alpha granule.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.
A network of membrane-bounded compartments found in blood platelets, where they regulate platelet activation by sequestering or releasing calcium. The dense tubular network exists as thin elongated membranes in resting platelets, and undergoes a major ultrastructural change, to a rounded vesicular form, upon addition of thrombin.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense tubular network.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the platelet dense tubular network.
A medial cortical band overlaying the nucleus which acts as a landmark for contractile ring positioning and plays a role in cell cycle regulation.
stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
The series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays a signal.
stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
stress-activated protein kinase signalling pathway
The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue. This process may occur via renewal, repair, and/or growth alone (i.e. increase in size or mass).
The regrowth of a lost or destroyed animal organ.
The regrowth of fin tissue following its loss or destruction.
The regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites in response to their loss or damage.
The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage.
The regrowth of dendrites in response to their loss or damage.
A protein complex containing septins. Typically, these complexes contain multiple septins and are oligomeric.
Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of the septin ring.
The controlled breakdown of a septin ring.
holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of holo-[acyl-carrier protein].
holo-[acyl-carrier protein] biosynthesis
holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] biosynthesis
microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
Assembly or disassembly of microtubules by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.
regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.
negative regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization.
downregulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
down regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
down-regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
inhibition of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
positive regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization.
activation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
stimulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
upregulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
up regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
up-regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
regulation of microtubule polymerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.
regulation of microtubule depolymerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization.
negative regulation of microtubule polymerization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.
downregulation of microtubule polymerization
down regulation of microtubule polymerization
down-regulation of microtubule polymerization
inhibition of microtubule polymerization
positive regulation of microtubule polymerization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.
activation of microtubule polymerization
stimulation of microtubule polymerization
upregulation of microtubule polymerization
up regulation of microtubule polymerization
up-regulation of microtubule polymerization
positive regulation of microtubule depolymerization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization.
activation of microtubule depolymerization
positive regulation of microtubule catastrophe
positive regulation of microtubule disassembly
stimulation of microtubule depolymerization
upregulation of microtubule depolymerization
up regulation of microtubule depolymerization
up-regulation of microtubule depolymerization
The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule.
The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a tRNA molecule.
The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an snRNA molecule.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins at the midpoint of a cell.
equatorial microtubule organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell.
cytoplasmic microtubule organization and biogenesis
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an rRNA molecule.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA family molecule, also referred to as an sRNA in Archaea.
Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->2) linkage.
alpha-(1->2)-fucosyltransferase activity
A developmental process involving two tissues in which one tissue (the inducer) produces a signal that directs cell fate commitment of cells in the second tissue (the responder).
Signaling at short range between cells of different ancestry and developmental potential that results in one cell or group of cells effecting a developmental change in the other. This is often done by secretion of proteins by one cell which affects the neighboring cells and causes them to adopt a certain fate.
obsolete creation of an inductive signal
OBSOLETE. The process in which one cell or group of cells sends a signal over a short range to another cell or group of cells of different ancestry and developmental potential, thereby effecting a developmental change in the latter.
The process in which one cell or group of cells receives, transduces, and responds to a signal generated by another cell or group of cells of different ancestry and developmental potential, such that the recipient cell(s) undergo a developmental change.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + NADP+ = L-alpha-formylglycine + 2 H+ + NADPH.
L-serine:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon growth such that the correct diameter is attained and maintained.
The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles.
obsolete negative regulation of conjugation
OBSOLETE. Any process that decreases the rate of conjugation.
obsolete positive regulation of conjugation
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the rate or frequency of conjugation.
regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.
negative regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.
downregulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
down regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
down-regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
inhibition of conjugation with cellular fusion
positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.
activation of conjugation with cellular fusion
stimulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
upregulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
up regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
up-regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
induction of conjugation upon nutrient starvation
The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon starvation for one or more nutrients.
induction of conjugation upon carbon starvation
The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon carbon starvation.
induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation
The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation.
A temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with flowing movements of the protoplasm, and serving for locomotion and feeding.
Any process in which the proteasome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of proteasome localization
anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by the anaphase-promoting complex, and mediated by the proteasome.
anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
APC-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
APC-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase by cyclin degradation
SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome.
SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, also known as DIF-1, differentiation-inducing factor-1. DIF-1 is a secreted chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.
1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, also known as DIF-1, differentiation-inducing factor-1. DIF-1 is a secreted chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.
1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one anabolism
1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one biosynthesis
1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one biosynthetic process
1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one formation
1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one synthesis
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sorocarp stalk cell, any of the cellulose-covered cells that form the stalk of a sorocarp. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp stalk over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sorocarp stalk is a tubular structure that consists of cellulose-covered cells stacked on top of each other and surrounded by an acellular stalk tube composed of cellulose and glycoprotein. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
histone H3K79 methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 79) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 79). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 79 of the histone H3 protein.
histone-H3K79 methyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-methyltransferase activity (H3-K79 specific)
histone methylase activity (H3-K79 specific)
histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K79 specific)
aggregation involved in sorocarp development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.
aggregate development involved in sorocarp development
aggregation during fruiting body development
slug development involved in sorocarp development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the slug over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Slug development begins when the aggregate rises upwards to form a finger-shaped structure and ends when culmination begins. Slug development begins after aggregation and ends before culmination in sorocarp development.
migratory slug development during sorocarp development
slug development during fruiting body development
slug development during sorocarp development
standing slug development during sorocarp development
culmination involved in sorocarp development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the culminant over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Culmination begins with a morphogenetic change of the finger-like or migratory slug giving rise to an organized structure containing a stalk and a sorus. This process is the final stage of sorocarp development.
culmination during fruiting body development
regulation of reproductive fruiting body development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive fruiting body development.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp development. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development
Any process that modulates the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.
regulation of aggregation during fruiting body biosynthesis
regulation of aggregation during fruiting body formation
negative regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development
Any process that decreases the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.
positive regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development
Any process that increases the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.
The specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.
sulfur incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
The incorporation of exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
sulphur incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster
The incorporation of a metal and exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the contractile vacuole.
obsolete integral component of contractile vacuolar membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the contractile vacuolar membrane consisting of gene products that have some part that penetrates at least one leaflet of the membrane bilayer. This component includes gene products that are buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
obsolete integral component of vacuolar membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the vacuolar membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some part that penetrates at least one leaflet of the membrane bilayer. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an rRNA molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.
ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide formation
ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide modification
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide siderophore with the structure Gly-Ser-Gly-(N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine)3.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide siderophore with the structure Gly-Ser-Gly-(N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine)3.
ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + O2 + H+ = N5-hydroxy-L-ornithine + H2O.
otolith mineralization completed early in development
The formation of otoliths during embryogenesis with completion in early postembryonic development. Formation occurs by precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate around an organic core of extracellular matrix proteins. Otoconia (otoliths) are small (~10 micron) dense extracellular particles present in the otolith end organs of the vertebrate inner ear.
The formation and growth of otoliths throughout the life of the organism. Otoliths are the large extracellular ear-stones of the fish inner ear, produced by precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate on organic matrices. The otolith enlarges throughout the life of the fish, as layers of calcium carbonate are added.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans.
1,4-beta-D-xylan xylanohydrolase activity
endo-(1,4)-beta-xylanase(1,4)-beta-xylan 4-xylanohydrolase activity
endo-(1->4)-beta-xylanase(1->4)-beta-xylan 4-xylanohydrolase activity
Binding to phosphopantetheine, the vitamin pantetheine 4'-(dihydrogen phosphate).
The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a peptide, resulting in a change in the properties of that peptide.
A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25.
post-translational protein targeting to membrane, docking
The process in which the signal sequence of a translated protein binds to and forms a complex with the Sec complex.
posttranslational protein membrane targeting, docking
posttranslational protein targeting to membrane, docking
protein docking during posttranslational protein targeting to membrane
post-translational protein targeting to membrane, translocation
The process in which a protein translocates through the ER membrane posttranslationally.
posttranslational protein membrane targeting, translocation
posttranslational protein targeting to membrane, translocation
protein translocation during posttranslational protein targeting to membrane
An endoplasmic reticulum membrane-associated complex involved in the translocation of proteins that are targeted to the ER. In yeast, this complex consists of two subcomplexes, namely, the Sec61 complex and the Sec62/Sec63 complex.
A protein complex involved in the posttranslational targeting of proteins to the ER. In yeast, it is a tetrameric complex consisting of Sec62p, Sec63p, Sec71p and Sec72p.
Binding to a POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) domain of a protein, a protein-protein interaction domain found in many transcription factors.
broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-a-brac domain binding
A pentameric complex that includes orthologues of human PIR121, Nap1, Abi, SCAR, and HSPC300 and regulates actin polymerization and/or depolymerization through small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
Binding to a phosphatidylcholine, a glycophospholipid in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
endoplasmic reticulum palmitoyltransferase complex
A complex of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes S-palmitoylation, the addition of palmitate (C16:0) or other long-chain fatty acids to proteins at a cysteine residue.
An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals) and an RSF1 homolog. It mediates nucleosome deposition and generates regularly spaced nucleosome arrays. In mammals, RSF is involved in regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters).
Formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds, and also contain a small amounts of organic matrices that are believed to play important roles in their formation.
The precipitation of calcium carbonate onto the organic matrix of a shell, such as a mollusc shell.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pullulan to panose (6-alpha-D-glucosylmaltose).
pullulan 4-D-glucanohydrolase (panose-forming)
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages in (1->4)-beta-D-glucans, to remove successive glucose units.
1,4-beta-D-glucan glucohydrolase activity
arabinogalactan endo-1,4-beta-galactosidase activity
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in arabinogalactans.
arabinogalactan 4-beta-D-galactanohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of 2,6-beta-D-fructofuranosidic linkages in 2,6-beta-D-fructans (levans) containing more than 3 fructose units.
2,6-beta-D-fructan fructanohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: maltodextrin = glucose-1-phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.
The behavior of an organism in response to a sound.
obsolete intrinsic component of membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products having some covalently attached portion, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor, which spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
OBSOLETE. The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
obsolete intrinsic component of plasma membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of Golgi membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the Golgi membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of nuclear inner membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the nuclear inner membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of cell outer membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of peroxisomal membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the peroxisomal membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
extrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane
The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic to external leaflet of plasma membrane
extrinsic to external side of plasma membrane
obsolete intrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that penetrate the external side of the plasma membrane only, either directly or via some covalently attached hydrophobic anchor.
extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane
The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its cytoplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic to cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane
extrinsic to internal leaflet of plasma membrane
extrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane
obsolete intrinsic component of the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some covalently attached part (e.g. peptide sequence or GPI anchor) which is embedded in the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane only.
extrinsic component of periplasmic side of plasma membrane
The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its periplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic to external leaflet of plasma membrane, in periplasmic space
extrinsic to external side of plasma membrane, in periplasmic space
obsolete intrinsic component of periplasmic side of plasma membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that penetrate the periplasmic side of the plasma membrane only, either directly or via some covalently attached hydrophobic anchor.
The side of the outer membrane that is opposite to the side that faces the periplasm of the cell.
The side (leaflet) of the outer membrane that faces the periplasm of the cell.
extrinsic component of external side of cell outer membrane
The component of a cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic to external leaflet of cell outer membrane
extrinsic to external side of cell outer membrane
extrinsic to external side of outer membrane
obsolete intrinsic component of external side of cell outer membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes that penetrate the external side of the cell outer membrane only, either directly or via some covalently attached hydrophobic anchor.
extrinsic component of cell outer membrane
The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of periplasmic side of cell outer membrane
The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to periplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic to internal leaflet of cell outer membrane
extrinsic to internal side of cell outer membrane
extrinsic to internal side of outer membrane
extrinsic to periplasmic side of cell outer membrane
obsolete intrinsic component of periplasmic side of cell outer membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of the gene products that that penetrate the periplasmic side of the cell outer membrane only, either directly or via some covalently attached hydrophobic anchor.
The assembly of actin rods, a cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules.
A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to a protein acceptor molecule.
anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase complex
An enzyme complex composed of 4 subunits, 2 copies of the large protein (nrdD in E. coli) and 2 copies of the small protein (nrdG in E. coli). It catalyzes the generation of 2'deoxyribonucleotides under anaerobic growth conditions. The larger subunit is the catalytic unit that is activated by the smaller iron-binding subunit.
A complex that possesses poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity; catalyzes the message-specific shortening of mRNA poly(A) tails. Contains at least two subunits, known as Pan2p and Pan3p in Saccharomyces.
The area of a motile cell closest to the direction of movement.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a plasma membrane bounded cell surface projection.
The area of a motile cell opposite to the direction of movement.
The area of a motile cell perpendicular to the direction of movement.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the trailing edge of a motile cell.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a lamellipodium.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a uropod.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a pseudopodium.
A protein-DNA complex assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins immediately prior to the initiation of DNA replication. The preinitiation complex is formed by the assembly of additional proteins onto an existing prereplicative complex. In budding yeast, the additional proteins might include Cdc45p, Sld2p, Sld3p, Dpb11p, DNA polymerases, and others; in fission yeast the GINS complex is present.
An essential outer kinetochore complex involved in the attachment of microtubule ends to the chromosomes during mitosis.
obsolete ATPase-coupled amine transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + amine(out) = ADP + phosphate + amine(in).
A protein complex formed by the association of signaling proteins with a death receptor upon ligand binding. The complex includes procaspases and death domain-containing proteins in addition to the ligand-bound receptor, and may control the activation of caspases 8 and 10.
death receptor-induced signaling complex
death receptor-induced signalling complex
A protein complex formed upon binding of Fas/CD95/APO-1 to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1, procaspase-8/10 and c-FLIP in addition to the ligand-bound receptor.
A protein complex formed upon binding of TRAIL to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1 and procaspase-8 addition to the ligand-bound receptor.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pseudopodium, a temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with cellular movement.
pseudopodium organization and biogenesis
The assembly of a pseudopodium by rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and overlying membrane.
The myosin-based contraction and retraction of a pseudopodium.
The extension of a pseudopodium from the lateral area of a cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.
negative regulation of pseudopodium assembly
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.
downregulation of pseudopodium formation
down regulation of pseudopodium formation
down-regulation of pseudopodium formation
negative regulation of pseudopodium formation
positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.
positive regulation of pseudopodium formation
obsolete regulation of lateral pseudopodium assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia from the lateral side of the cell.
obsolete negative regulation of lateral pseudopodium assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia from the lateral side of the cell.
obsolete positive regulation of lateral pseudopodium assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia from the lateral side of the cell.
alpha-1,2-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule, such as GDP-galactose or UDP-galactose, to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-1,2-linkage.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclase activity.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a cyclase.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cyclase.
regulation of guanylate cyclase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.
negative regulation of guanylate cyclase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.
downregulation of guanylate cyclase activity
down regulation of guanylate cyclase activity
down-regulation of guanylate cyclase activity
inhibition of guanylate cyclase activity
positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.
activation of guanylate cyclase activity
stimulation of guanylate cyclase activity
upregulation of guanylate cyclase activity
up regulation of guanylate cyclase activity
up-regulation of guanylate cyclase activity
regulation of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
regulation of stalk cell differentiation
negative regulation of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
downregulation of stalk cell differentiation
down regulation of stalk cell differentiation
down-regulation of stalk cell differentiation
inhibition of stalk cell differentiation
negative regulation of stalk cell differentiation
positive regulation of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
activation of stalk cell differentiation
positive regulation of stalk cell differentiation
stimulation of stalk cell differentiation
upregulation of stalk cell differentiation
up regulation of stalk cell differentiation
up-regulation of stalk cell differentiation
The process in which the sorocarp is generated and organized. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
The transfer of one or more phosphate groups to an actin molecule.
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ran family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis
The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of an intracellular domain.
The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B- or T cell receptor to augment B- or T cell activation.
The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment T cell activation.
The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B cell receptor to augment B cell activation.
The process in which a DNA replication fork that has stalled is restored to a functional state and replication is restarted. The stalling may be due to DNA damage, DNA secondary structure, bound proteins, dNTP shortage, or other causes.
recovery from replication fork arrest at rDNA locus
recovery from replication fork stalling at rDNA locus
replication fork processing at rDNA locus
replication fork processing at ribosomal DNA locus
A protein complex conserved in eukaryotes and associated with the replication fork; the complex stabilizes stalled replication forks and is thought to be involved in coordinating leading- and lagging-strand synthesis and in replication checkpoint signaling.
taurine-pyruvate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + taurine = L-alanine + sulfoacetaldehyde.
taurine:pyruvate aminotransferase activity
obsolete intrinsic component of organelle membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the organelle membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete integral component of organelle membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the organelle membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of endosome membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the endosome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete integral component of endosome membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the endosome membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of mitochondrial inner membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete integral component of mitochondrial inner membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of mitochondrial outer membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the mitochondrial outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete integral component of mitochondrial outer membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the mitochondrial outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of nuclear outer membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the nuclear outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete integral component of nuclear outer membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the nuclear outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of vacuolar membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the vacuolar membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of contractile vacuolar membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the contractile vacuolar membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
extrinsic component of organelle membrane
The component of an organelle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of endosome membrane
The component of an endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of mitochondrial inner membrane
The component of mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic to mitochondrial inner membrane
extrinsic component of mitochondrial outer membrane
The component of a mitochondrial outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic to mitochondrial outer membrane
extrinsic component of nuclear outer membrane
The component of a nuclear outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporter complex
A complex consisting of two membrane proteins and one extracytoplasmic solute receptor. Such transporters transport a variety of substrates without direct ATP power, instead using energy from ion gradients.
The series of events in which a folic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events in which a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal; cAMP is the nucleotide cyclic AMP.
detection of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate
Catalysis of the reaction: hexitol + acceptor = hexose + reduced acceptor.
During ascospore formation, the process in which each haploid nucleus becomes encapsulated by a double membrane.
ascospore-type prospore-specific spindle pole body remodeling
A spindle pole body (SPB) organization process that takes place during the second meiotic division during ascospore formation and results in the structural reorganization of the SPB; includes the recruitment of sporulation-specific proteins to the outer plaque to form the meiotic outer plaque (MOP).
ascospore-type prospore-specific spindle pole body modification
ascospore-type prospore-specific spindle pole body remodelling
forespore specific spindle pole body remodeling
forespore-specific spindle pole body remodeling
prospore-specific spindle pole body remodeling
sporulation-specific spindle pole body remodeling
regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
negative regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
downregulation of cellular metabolic process
down regulation of cellular metabolic process
down-regulation of cellular metabolic process
inhibition of cellular metabolic process
negative regulation of cellular metabolism
positive regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
activation of cellular metabolic process
positive regulation of cellular metabolism
stimulation of cellular metabolic process
upregulation of cellular metabolic process
up regulation of cellular metabolic process
up-regulation of cellular metabolic process
regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
downregulation of cellular biosynthetic process
down regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
down-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
inhibition of cellular biosynthetic process
negative regulation of cellular anabolism
negative regulation of cellular biosynthesis
negative regulation of cellular formation
negative regulation of cellular synthesis
positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
activation of cellular biosynthetic process
positive regulation of cellular anabolism
positive regulation of cellular biosynthesis
positive regulation of cellular formation
positive regulation of cellular synthesis
stimulation of cellular biosynthetic process
upregulation of cellular biosynthetic process
up regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
up-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
regulation of cellular catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
negative regulation of cellular catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
downregulation of cellular catabolic process
down regulation of cellular catabolic process
down-regulation of cellular catabolic process
inhibition of cellular catabolic process
negative regulation of cellular breakdown
negative regulation of cellular catabolism
negative regulation of cellular degradation
positive regulation of cellular catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
activation of cellular catabolic process
positive regulation of cellular breakdown
positive regulation of cellular catabolism
positive regulation of cellular degradation
stimulation of cellular catabolic process
upregulation of cellular catabolic process
up regulation of cellular catabolic process
up-regulation of cellular catabolic process
Any protein complex that mediates the effects of small interfering RNAs on gene expression. Most known examples contain one or more members of the Argonaute family of proteins.
negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
downregulation of protein complex assembly
down regulation of protein complex assembly
down-regulation of protein complex assembly
negative regulation of protein complex assembly
positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
positive regulation of protein complex assembly
upregulation of protein complex assembly
up regulation of protein complex assembly
up-regulation of protein complex assembly
regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur amino acids.
regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolism
negative regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur amino acids.
downregulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
down regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
down-regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
inhibition of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
negative regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolism
positive regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur amino acids.
activation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
positive regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolism
stimulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
upregulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
up regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
up-regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing, the process in which a cell brings about the death of another cell, either in the same or a different organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing.
regulation of cell projection organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.
regulation of cell projection organisation
regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of cell projection organization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.
downregulation of cell projection organization
down regulation of cell projection organization
down-regulation of cell projection organization
inhibition of cell projection organization
negative regulation of cell projection organisation
negative regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of cell projection organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.
activation of cell projection organization
positive regulation of cell projection organisation
positive regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis
stimulation of cell projection organization
upregulation of cell projection organization
up regulation of cell projection organization
up-regulation of cell projection organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
obsolete intrinsic component of plastid membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the plastid membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete integral component of plastid membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the plastid membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of plastid inner membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the plastid inner membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete integral component of plastid inner membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the plastid inner membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of plastid outer membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the plastid outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete integral component of plastid outer membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the plastid outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of chloroplast inner membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the chloroplast inner membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete integral component of chloroplast inner membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the chloroplast inner membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of chloroplast outer membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the chloroplast outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete integral component of chloroplast outer membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the chloroplast outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
obsolete intrinsic component of thylakoid membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the thylakoid membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete integral component of thylakoid membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the thylakoid membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
obsolete anchored component of external side of plasma membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the external side of the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
N-terminal protein amino acid deamination
The removal of an amino group from the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.
N-terminal protein amino acid deamination, from side chain
The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal asparagine or glutamine residue of a protein.
N-terminal protein amino acid modification
The alteration of the N-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.
peptide or protein amino-terminal blocking
N-terminal peptidyl-asparagine deamination
The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal asparagine residue of a protein.
N-terminal peptidyl-glutamine deamination
The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal glutamine residue of a protein.
obsolete Pro-X metallocarboxypeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of a Pro-Xaa bond by a metallopeptidase mechanism to release a C-terminal amino acid.
Binding to a translation initiation factor, any polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.
Binding to eukaryotic initiation factor 4G, a polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.
Any complex that possesses ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity.
A heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex that catalyzes assembly of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, which act as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair; in Saccharomyces the complex comprises Ubc13p and Mms2p.
obsolete type II fatty acid synthase complex
OBSOLETE. A fatty acid synthase complex in which each polypeptide chain catalyzes a single activity.
obsolete cytosolic type II fatty acid synthase complex
OBSOLETE. A fatty acid synthase complex in which each polypeptide chain catalyzes a single activity, located in the cytosol.
obsolete mitochondrial type II fatty acid synthase complex
OBSOLETE. A fatty acid synthase complex in which each polypeptide chain catalyzes a single activity, located in the mitochondrion.
obsolete plastid type II fatty acid synthase complex
OBSOLETE. A fatty acid synthase complex in which each polypeptide chain catalyzes a single activity, located in a plastid.
A protein complex that possesses RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.
nuclear RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
A complex required for RNAi mediated heterochromatin assembly. In S. pombe this contains RNA-directed RNA polymerase, a putative helicase and a protein containing a pap25 associated domain.
viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
A virus-specific protein complex that possesses RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and replicates the genome of an RNA virus.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell projection in response to mating pheromone. This process is observed in unicellular fungi.
regulation of mating projection assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mating projection formation by unicellular fungi.
regulation of mating projection biogenesis
regulation of initiation of mating projection growth
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the start of mating projection formation by unicellular fungi.
regulation of termination of mating projection growth
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the end of mating projection formation by unicellular fungi.
A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to another protein where it acts as a marker, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as modification, sequestration, transport or degradation.
A complex consisting of a Cdc2-class (also known as Cdc28) cyclin-dependent kinase and an M-phase cyclin such as S. pombe Cdc13. The MPF complex phosphorylates and activates the anaphase promoting complex (APC).
The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into an organic acid.
A pentameric protein complex related to replication factor C, which loads a trimeric complex of checkpoint proteins (known as the checkpoint clamp or 9-1-1 complex) onto DNA at damage sites; functions in DNA damage cell cycle checkpoints. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe the subunits are known as Rad17, Rfc2, Rfc3, Rfc4, and Rfc5, while in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the subunits are known as Rad24p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, and Rfc5p.
A heptameric complex related to replication factor C, which loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA and plays a vital role in chromosome cohesion. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Ctf18p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, Rfc5p, Dcc1p, and Ctf8p.
A pentameric replication factor C (RLC) complex, which unloads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) from chromatin and has roles in telomere length regulation and other aspects of genome stability. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Elg1p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, and Rfc5p.
regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.
regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis
negative regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.
downregulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
down regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of prostaglandin anabolism
negative regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis
negative regulation of prostaglandin formation
negative regulation of prostaglandin synthesis
positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.
activation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of prostaglandin anabolism
positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis
positive regulation of prostaglandin formation
positive regulation of prostaglandin synthesis
stimulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
upregulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
up regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
A neuropeptide hormone secreted by the central nervous system of insects that stimulates the tanning and sclerotization of the adult cuticle following eclosion. The active hormone consists of an obligate heterodimer of the alpha and beta subunits.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.
negative regulation of protein ubiquitination
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.
downregulation of protein ubiquitination
down regulation of protein ubiquitination
down-regulation of protein ubiquitination
positive regulation of protein ubiquitination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.
regulation of protein modification process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.
negative regulation of protein modification process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.
positive regulation of protein modification process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.
Binding to lipoic acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid.
Binding to a carboxylic acid, an organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxylipin, any of a group of biologically active compounds formed by oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any oxylipin, any of a group of biologically active compounds formed by oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Binding to a pigment, a general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle; a hollow structure made of protein, which usually has the form of a cylindrical tube closed by conical end caps. By regulating their relative gas vesicle content, aquatic microbes are able to perform vertical migrations.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a gas vesicle. A gas vesicle is a hollow structure made of protein, which usually has the form of a cylindrical tube closed by conical end caps.
Any process that modulates an organism's tendency or ability to rise or float in a fluid medium such as water or air, often through the use of stored gases.
N-terminal protein acetyltransferase complex
A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule.
A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to an N-terminal Ser, Ala, Gly, or Thr residue of a protein acceptor molecule. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat1p and Ard1p, and may contain additional proteins.
A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Glu, Met-Asp, Met-Asn, or Met-Met N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat3p and Mdm20p.
A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Ile, Met-Leu, Met-Trp, or Met-Phe N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Mak3p, Mak10p, and Mak31p.
Binding to L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.
Binding to cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.
Binding to an alkali metal ion; alkali metals are those elements in group Ia of the periodic table, with the exception of hydrogen.
A complex formed by a recombinase, a regulatory protein, and the DNA sequences bound by each protein; catalyzes a reversible site-specific recombination reaction that results in the alternate expression of one or more genes in various contexts.
RecQ family helicase-topoisomerase III complex
A complex containing a RecQ family helicase and a topoisomerase III homologue (a member of the topoisomerase type IA subfamily); may also include one or more additional proteins; conserved from E. coli to human.
Binding to a hexon, the major protein component of the icosahedral capsid of an adenovirus.
The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns.
The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a chloroplast genome into one or more mature RNA molecules.
The conversion of a primary mRNA transcript containing more than one complete protein-coding region into individual mature mRNA molecules.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.
A ribonucleoprotein complex containing a box C/D type RNA that can carry out ribose-2'-O-methylation of target RNAs. Box C/D type RNAs are widespread in eukaryotes and in Archaea, suggesting that an RNA-based guide mechanism for directing specific RNA 2'-O-ribose methylations was present in the common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya.
box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex
box C/D snoRNP ribose 2'-O methylase complex
box C/D snoRNP ribose-2'-O-methyltransferase complex
A box H/ACA RNP complex that is located in the nucleolus.
box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex
box H/ACA snoRNP pseudouridylase complex
The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines.
A heterodimeric protein complex required for the activation of DNA replication origins; comprises a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit (in Saccharomyces, Cdc7p and Dbf4p, respectively); complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins related to the Saccharomyces proteins.
Binding to titin, any of a family of giant proteins found in striated and smooth muscle. In striated muscle, single titin molecules span half the sarcomere, with their N- and C-termini in the Z-disc and M-line, respectively.
Binding to telethonin, a protein found in the Z disc of striated muscle and which is a substrate of the titin kinase.
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding
Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, a protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase.
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding
Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, a protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase.
A heterodimeric complex comprising BRCA1 and BARD1, which possesses ubiquitin ligase activity and is involved in genome maintenance, possibly by functioning in surveillance for DNA damage.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cleavage, any process in which a pre-mRNA or mRNA molecule is cleaved at specific sites or in a regulated manner.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cleavage.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cleavage.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing, any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule.
negative regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing.
downregulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
down regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
down-regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
positive regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing.
fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction
A process in which force is generated within fast-twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The fast-twitch skeletal muscle is characterized by fast time parameters, high force development and fatiguability.
fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibre contraction
fast-twitch skeletal myofiber contraction
fast-twitch skeletal myofibre contraction
slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction
A process in which force is generated within slow-twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The slow-twitch skeletal muscle is characterized by slow time parameters, low force development and resistance to fatigue.
slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibre contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or location of heterochromatin formation.
regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
negative regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
downregulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
down regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
down-regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
inhibition of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
negative regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
positive regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
activation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
positive regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
stimulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
upregulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
up regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
up-regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
negative regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
downregulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
down regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
down-regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
inhibition of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
negative regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
positive regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
activation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
positive regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
stimulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
upregulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
up regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
up-regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
negative regulation of heterochromatin formation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heterochromatin formation.
downregulation of heterochromatin formation
down regulation of heterochromatin formation
down-regulation of heterochromatin formation
negative regulation of heterochromatin assembly
positive regulation of heterochromatin formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heterochromatin formation.
positive regulation of heterochromatin assembly
stimulation of heterochromatin formation
upregulation of heterochromatin formation
up regulation of heterochromatin formation
up-regulation of heterochromatin formation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + a betaine(out) = ADP + phosphate + a betaine(in).
ABC-type betaine transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled betaine transporter activity
ATP-dependent betaine transporter activity
ABC-type glycine betaine transporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + glycine betaine(out) = ADP + phosphate + glycine betaine(in).
ATPase-coupled glycine betaine transporter activity
ATP-dependent glycine betaine transporter activity
glycine betaine-transporting ATPase activity
N-trimethylglycine-transporting ATPase activity
The directed movement of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any ubiquitin ligase complex in which the catalytic core consists of a member of the cullin family and a RING domain protein; the core is associated with one or more additional proteins that confer substrate specificity.
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul2 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul3 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a BTB-domain-containing protein.
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4A subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an adaptor protein.
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4B subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by unknown subunits.
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul5 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul7 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 linker and an F-box protein.
The reformation of the nuclear membranes following their breakdown in the context of a normal process.
An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing metabolic enzymes whose purpose is the sequestration or concentration of metabolites and which has the appearance of a polygonal granule by electron microscopy.
An organelle consisting of a proteinaceous coat and enzymes for the fixation of CO2. It augments the concentration of CO2 in the vicinity of RuBisCO to increase the efficiency of CO2 fixation under atmospheric conditions.
ethanolamine degradation polyhedral organelle
An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing enzymes for the degradation of ethanolamine whose purpose is the protection of the rest of the cell from the toxic acetaldehyde product of the enzyme ethanolamine ammonia lyase.
propanediol degradation polyhedral organelle
An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing enzymes for the degradation of 1,2-propanediol whose purpose is the protection of the rest of the cell from the toxic propionaldehyde product of the enzyme diol dehydratase.
Binding to a class III myosin; myosin III is monomeric and has an N terminal kinase domain.
A myosin complex containing one or more class IV myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin IV is relatively uncharacterized, but is predicted to have a single motor domain, one IQ motif and a tail with a Myosin Tail Homology (myTH4) domain homologous to that in the tails of myosins VII and XV.
A myosin complex containing a dimer of class V myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; involved in intracellular transport. Myosin V is a dimeric molecule consisting of conserved motor domains followed by 6 IQ motifs which bind specific light chains and calmodulin. The tail domain is important for cellular localization and cargo binding and can be divided into an alpha-helical coiled coil region and a C-terminal globular region.
A myosin complex containing one or more class VI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VI has a single IQ motif in the neck and a tail region with a coiled coil domain followed by a unique globular domain; a unique insertion that enables myosin VI to move towards the pointed or minus end of actin filaments.
A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VII (240 kDa) is predicted to be a dimeric molecule with 5 IQ motifs and a tail region with a short stretch of coiled coil followed by two myosin-tail homology (MyTH4) domains, two talin-binding (FERM) domains and an SH3-domain.
A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VIII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VIII is predicted to be dimeric, and contain an unusual 100-190 residue N-terminal extension prior to their motor domains, 3-4 IQ motifs, a short region (~70 residues) of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil and a C-terminal domain.
A myosin complex containing a class IX myosin heavy chain and associated light chains. Myosin IX is monomeric with a motor domain containing an N-terminal extension and an insert in the actin binding interface, followed by four to six IQ motifs and a tail region that contains a zinc binding motif and a domain with homology to GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of the Rho family of G-proteins.
A myosin complex containing one or more class X myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.
A myosin complex containing a dimer of class XI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin XI heavy chain sizes are similar in molecular structure to the class V myosins with 5 to 6 IQ motifs and tail regions with predicted coiled coil domains (forming dimeric molecules) and large C-terminal regions.
A myosin complex containing one or more class XII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin XII contains a large tail region with two MyTH4 domains and a short region of coiled coil.
A myosin complex containing one or more class XIII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.
A myosin complex containing a class XIV myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin XIV heavy chains are the simplest known, containing a motor domain, no classic IQ motif and variable length tails.
A myosin complex containing a class XV myosin heavy chain and associated light chains. Myosin XV is single headed, and has a large extension (1200aa) at the N-terminus of the motor domain, two IQ motifs and a tail with a similar domain structure to that of the tail of myosin VII.
A myosin complex containing a class XVI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin XVI heavy chains contain ankyrin repeat.
A myosin complex containing one or more class XVII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.
A myosin complex containing a class XVIII myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin XVIII heavy chains contain an N-terminal PDZ domain.
Binding to a class V myosin; myosin V is a dimeric molecule involved in intracellular transport.
Binding to DNA that is assembled into chromatin.
Binding to a nucleosome, a complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.
Binding to the DNA portion of a nucleosome.
OBSOLETE. Binding to a histone that is assembled into a nucleosome.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching, the conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.
negative regulation of mating type switching
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching.
down regulation of mating type switching
down-regulation of mating type switching
positive regulation of mating type switching
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching.
OBSOLETE. The controlled breakdown of chromatin from a higher order structure into its simpler subcomponents, DNA, histones, other proteins, and sometimes RNA.
A multiprotein complex having distributive polyadenylation activity of a variety of RNA substrates including hypomodified and incorrectly folded tRNAs, pre-snRNAs, pre-snoRNAs, incorrectly spliced or processed pre-mRNAs, cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), pre-rRNAs and rRNA fragments released as part of rRNA processing. In S. cerevisiae, the complex consists of either Pap2 (also known as Trf4) or Trf5, Air1 or Air2, and Mtr4, and is involved in RNA 3'-end processing and in RNA surveillance and quality control.
Trf4p-Air2p-Mtr4p polyadenylation complex
A high molecular weight complex characterized in S. pombe containing the cell-end anchoring protein Tea1. This complex is transported to the cell ends by microtubules and is involved in bipolar growth and the maintennce of normal cell polarity.
A complex that posseses mannosyltransferase activity.
dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase complex
A complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity; usually includes members of the PMT1 and PMT2 protein subfamilies.
A localization process that acts on a protein complex; the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
cellular protein-containing complex localization
establishment and maintenance of cellular protein complex localization
establishment and maintenance of protein complex localization
peptidoglycan-based cell wall organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall.
peptidoglycan-based cell wall organisation
peptidoglycan-based cell wall organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fungal-type cell wall.
beta-glucan-containing cell wall organization and biogenesis
chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall organisation
chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall organization and biogenesis
chitin-containing cell wall organization and biogenesis
fungal-type cell wall organization and biogenesis
cell wall glycoprotein biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall glycoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound sugar residues.
An epigenetic gene silencing mechanism in which chromatin is compacted into heterochromatin, resulting in a chromatin conformation refractory to transcription. This process starts with heterochromatin nucleation, its spreading, and ends with heterochromatin boundary formation.
establishment of heterochromatic silencing
establishment of heterochromatin architecture
establishment of heterochromatin architecture involved in chromatin silencing at centromere outer repeat region
establishment of heterochromatin architecture involved in chromatin silencing at pericentric region
heterochromatin assembly involved in chromatin silencing
heterochromatin assembly involved in chromatin silencing at centromere outer repeat region
heterochromatin assembly involved in chromatin silencing at pericentric region
heterochromatin formation involved in chromatin silencing
heterochromatin formation involved in chromatin silencing at centromere outer repeat region
heterochromatin formation involved in chromatin silencing at pericentric region
The compaction of chromatin located adjacent to the CENP-A rich centromere 'central core' and characterized by methylation of histone H3K9, into heterochromatin, resulting in the repression of transcription at pericentric DNA.
centromeric heterochromatin biosynthesis
chromatin silencing at centromere outer repeat region
chromatin silencing at pericentric region
The compaction of chromatin into heterochromatin at the subtelomeric region.
establishment of chromatin silencing at telomere
heterochromatic silencing at subtelomere
regulation of chromatin silencing at telomere
regulation of subtelomeric heterochromatin assembly
A conserved heterodimeric complex with SUMO activating enzyme activity.
A protein complex that forms part of the inner kinetochore, which is involved in the loading of the centromeric histone h3 variant CENP-A onto centromeres and in centromere specific heterochromatin formation. The complex contains about 12 proteins, of which two are known as Mis6 and Sim4 in S. pombe and CENP-I and CENP-H in human.
A cilium which may have a variable arrangement of axonemal microtubules and also contains molecular motors. It may beat with a whip-like pattern that promotes cell motility or transport of fluids and other cells across a cell surface, such as on epithelial cells that line the lumenal ducts of various tissues; or they may display a distinct twirling motion that directs fluid flow asymmetrically across the cellular surface to affect asymmetric body plan organization. Motile cilia can be found in single as well as multiple copies per cell.
A protein complex involved in the catalysis of the formation of the modified nucleotide 1-methyladenosine (m1A) in tRNA. In yeast, it is a heterotetramer of two subunits, Gcd10p and Gcd14p, while in bacteria and archaea it is a homotetramer.
The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 730nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.
The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 660nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.
A multisubunit protein complex that binds to centromeric DNA and initiates kinetochore assembly. In yeast, this complex consists of four subunits, namely Ctf13p, Skp1p, Cep3p and Cbf2p.
A chromatin-associated multiprotein complex containing Polycomb Group proteins. In Drosophila, Polycomb group proteins are involved in the long-term maintenance of gene repression, and PcG protein complexes associate with Polycomb group response elements (PREs) in target genes to regulate higher-order chromatin structure.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the cell tip.
Structure within the hyphal tip of filamentous fungi that acts as an organizing center for hyphal tip growth; may function to supply vesicles to the elongating tip and/or to organize cytoskeletal microfilaments.
cell envelope Sec protein transport complex
A transmembrane protein complex involved in the translocation of proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. In Gram-negative bacteria, Sec-translocated proteins are subsequently secreted via the type II, IV, or V secretion systems. Sec complex components include SecA, D, E, F, G, Y and YajC.
A multisubunit complex consisting of Myb and other proteins that regulates site specific DNA replication, gene amplification and transcriptional repression.
Myeloblastosis proto-oncogene protein complex
The chemical reactions and pathways involving menthol, the monoterpene 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of menthol, the monoterpene 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the brush border.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a filopodium.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell.
gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding
Binding to a receptor for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a peptide hormone that is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus and is responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary.
gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor binding
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding
Binding to a receptor for thyrotropin-releasing hormone, a tripeptide hormone that is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin by the anterior pituitary.
thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor binding
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor ligand
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
A protein complex that consists of an RNA 5' triphosphatase and a guanyl transferase (Cet1p and Ceg1p in S. cerevisiae; Pct1 and Ceg1 in S. pombe) and is involved in mRNA capping.
mRNA (guanine-N7) methyltransferase complex
The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule, where the motion is directed towards the minus ends of the microtubules.
The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule, where the motion is directed towards the plus ends of the microtubules.
positive regulation of exit from mitosis
Any process that activates or increases the rate of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).
regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.
negative regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.
downregulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
down regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
down-regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
inhibition of anthocyanin metabolic process
negative regulation of anthocyanin metabolism
positive regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.
activation of anthocyanin metabolic process
positive regulation of anthocyanin metabolism
stimulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
upregulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
up regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
up-regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins.
negative regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins.
downregulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
down regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
inhibition of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of anthocyanin anabolism
negative regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis
negative regulation of anthocyanin formation
negative regulation of anthocyanin synthesis
positive regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins.
activation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of anthocyanin anabolism
positive regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis
positive regulation of anthocyanin formation
positive regulation of anthocyanin synthesis
stimulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
upregulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
up regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.
brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding
Binding to a brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor.
brain-derived neurotrophic factor ligand
brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway
regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of BDNF receptor signaling pathway
regulation of BDNF receptor signalling pathway
regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway.
downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of BDNF receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of BDNF receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway.
activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of BDNF receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of BDNF receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway
stimulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity.
regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity.
downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
down regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
inhibition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
negative regulation of BDNF receptor activity
negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
positive regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity.
activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
positive regulation of BDNF receptor activity
positive regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
stimulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
up regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
regulation of termination of DNA-templated transcription
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent, or location of DNA-templated transcription termination, the process in which transcription is completed; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA.
regulation of DNA-dependent transcription, termination
regulation of DNA-templated transcription, termination
regulation of transcription termination, DNA-dependent
A negative regulation of gene expression mechanism by which bacteria and archae can direct RNA polymerase to prematurely terminate transcription in response to a specific metabolic signal.
A type of transcriptional regulation at the level of early termination. This process can occur only in prokaryotes, where transcription of an operon into messenger RNA and translation of that mRNA into polypeptides occur simultaneously. The general principle is that alternative mRNA secondary structures occur under different physiological conditions such as available amount of a particular amino acid. One set of conditions favors early termination of transcription. In the classic example of the trp biosynthesis operon, translation of the gene for a short, trp-containing polypeptide called the trp operon leader peptide pauses either at a trp codon (if tryptophan is scarce) or the stop codon (if trp is readily available). In the former situation transcription continues, but in the latter a Rho-independent terminator forms and reduces, or attenuates, expression of the tryptophan biosynthesis genes. Although the polypeptides encoded by leader peptide genes appear not to be stable once their translation is complete, it is suggested by recent studies that their nascent polypeptide chains interact specifically with ribosomes, specific uncharged tRNAs, or other cellular components to inhibit release at the stop codon and improve the function of transcriptional attenuation as a regulatory switch.
ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation
obsolete induction of programmed cell death in response to chemical stimulus
OBSOLETE. A process which directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death as a result of a chemical stimulus.
obsolete induction of apoptosis in response to chemical stimulus
OBSOLETE. Any process that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis as a result of a chemical stimulus.
Catalysis of the cyclization of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene to form a triterpene.
Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the neck of a fungal bud before and during cytokinesis.
Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of a growing fungal bud.
Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of a growing fungal hypha.
Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone.
A positive regulation of gene expression mechanism that allows RNA polymerase to continue transcription beyond a termination site, thus allowing expression of downstream genes under specific conditions.
OBSOLETE. A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects a defect in cytokinesis and negatively regulates G2/M transition.
The cell cycle process in which the contractile ring is maintained in response to the cytokinesis checkpoint; that is when cytokinesis is delayed awaiting completion of nuclear division or the correct formation of cytokinetic structures. This process occurs in the context of cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle.
contractile ring maintenance involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
cytokinesis, contractile ring maintenance, involved in cytokinesis during cell cycle
mitotic cell size control checkpoint signaling
A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint during mitosis.
mitotic cell cycle cell size control checkpoint
signal transduction involved in cell size control checkpoint
mitotic G1 cell size control checkpoint signaling
A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
G1 cell size control checkpoint signalling
mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint
signal transduction involved in G1 cell size control checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint
mitotic G2 cell size control checkpoint signaling
A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint prior to the G2/M transition of mitosis.
mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition size control checkpoint
signal transduction involved in G2/M transition size control checkpoint
signal transduction involved in G2 cell size control checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition size control checkpoint
A signaling process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and progresses through signal transduction and ends with cell cycle effector processes.
signal transduction involved in DNA integrity checkpoint
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint.
intracellular signaling cascade involved in G1/S DNA damage checkpoint
intracellular signaling cascade involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint
intracellular signaling chain involved in G1/S DNA damage checkpoint
intracellular signaling chain involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint
intracellular signaling pathway involved in G1/S DNA damage checkpoint
intracellular signaling pathway involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint
intracellular signal transduction involved in G1/S DNA damage checkpoint
intracellular signal transduction involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint
intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in G1/S DNA damage checkpoint
intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint
mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint
signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in G1/S DNA damage checkpoint
signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint
signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint
mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling
A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that slows DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progression.
signal transduction involved in intra-S DNA damage checkpoint
A signaling process that that controls a cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the mitotic or meiotic spindle.
signal transduction involved in spindle checkpoint
mitotic spindle orientation checkpoint signaling
A signaling process that monitors and signals errors in the placement or orientation of the spindle in the cell. This delays the completion of anaphase until errors are corrected.
mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of membrane rafts, small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.
membrane raft organization and biogenesis
The process that establishes the spatial arrangement of membrane rafts within a cellular membrane.
Assembly of hemidesmosomes, integrin-containing protein complexes that bind to laminin in the basal lamina. Hemidesmosomes form the contact between the basal surface of epithelial cells and the underlying basal lamina.
A process that impedes the progress of the DNA replication fork at natural replication fork pausing sites within the eukaryotic rDNA repeat spacer.
replication fork arrest at ribosomal DNA repeats
replication fork blocking at rDNA repeats
phospholipase D-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of phospholipase D (PLD) and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of phosphatidic acid (PA).
activation of phospholipase D activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
G-protein signalling, phospholipase D activating pathway
phospholipase D-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
Any process that initiates the activity of inactive phospholipase D.
regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel.
regulation of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor activity
negative regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel.
down regulation of IP3 receptor activity
down-regulation of IP3 receptor activity
negative regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity
negative regulation of IP3 receptor activity
positive regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel.
positive regulation of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity
positive regulation of IP3 receptor activity
nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex
A protein complex that possesses nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity. The nucleotide can be AMP (in S. pombe and human) or ADP (in S. cerevisiae).
Snf1 serine/threonine protein kinase complex
The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving wybutosine, 3H-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purine-7-butanoic acid, 4,9-dihydro- alpha-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]- 4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo- 3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl methyl ester, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wybutosine, 3H-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purine-7-butanoic acid, 4,9-dihydro- alpha-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]- 4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo- 3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl methyl ester, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
An amorphous structure surrounding the core of the centrosome, from which microtubules are nucleated; contains gamma-tubulin.
polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding
Binding to a protein upon poly-ubiquitination of the target protein.
The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.
A proteasome found in the nucleus of a cell.
OBSOLETE. A proteasome found in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
A proteasome complex found in the cytosol of a cell.
The regulatory subcomplex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
obsolete ER proteasome regulatory particle
OBSOLETE. The regulatory subcomplex of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle
A multisubunit complex located in the cytosol of a cell, which caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex. This complex recognizes, unfolds ubiquitinated proteins and translocates them to the proteasome core complex.
The core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
OBSOLETE. The core complex of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
The core complex of a proteasome located in the cytosol of a cell.
nuclear proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex
The subunits forming the outer ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
obsolete ER proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex
OBSOLETE. The subunits forming the outer ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
cytosolic proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex
The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the cytosolic proteasome core complex.
nuclear proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex
The subunits forming the inner ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
obsolete ER proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex
OBSOLETE. The subunits forming the inner ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
cytosolic proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex
The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two inner rings of the cytosolic proteasome core complex.
nuclear proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex
The subunits of the regulatory particle that directly associate with the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
obsolete ER proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex
OBSOLETE. The subunits of the regulatory particle that directly associate with the core complex of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex
The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that directly associates with the proteasome core complex located in the cytosol of the cell.
nuclear proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex
The subunits that form the peripheral lid of the regulatory particle of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
obsolete ER proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex
OBSOLETE. The subunits that form the peripheral lid of the regulatory particle of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex
The subcomplex of the cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle that forms the peripheral lid, which is added on top of the base subcomplex.
A centrosome from which one pole of a mitotic or meiotic spindle is organized.
homologous chromosome orientation involved in meiotic metaphase I plate congression
The cell cycle process in which the sister centromeres of one chromosome attach to microtubules that emanate from the same spindle pole, which ensures that homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes are pulled in opposite directions at anaphase of meiosis I.
homologous chromosome orientation during meiosis
homologous chromosome orientation during meiosis I
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of fever generation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of fever generation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fever generation.
A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of receptors from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. The process begins when cell surface receptors are monoubiquitinated following ligand-induced activation. Receptors are subsequently taken up into endocytic vesicles from where they are either targeted to the lysosome or vacuole for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane.
Binding to a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, any of the E2 proteins.
Binding to a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins.
Binding to beta-endorphin, a peptide generated by the cleavage of pro-opiomelanocortin.
The process in which linear telomeric DNA is remodeled into duplex loops, by the invasion of a 3' single-stranded overhang into the duplex region.
synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane
Fusion of the membrane of a synaptic vesicle with the presynaptic active zone membrane, thereby releasing its cargo neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
synaptic vesicle fusion to pre-synaptic membrane
regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane.
regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to pre-synaptic membrane
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane.
downregulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane
down regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane
down-regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane
downregulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
down regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
down-regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
inhibition of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to pre-synaptic active zone membrane
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to pre-synaptic membrane
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane.
activation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to pre-synaptic membrane
stimulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
up regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane
up-regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane
upregulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
up regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
up-regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
A chromatophore containing yellow pigment.
Binding to replication fork barriers, sites that inhibit the progress of replication forks.
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway
An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by opioid receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by opioid receptor signalling pathway
opioid receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity in response to neurotrophin
The process in which a neurotrophic factor induces neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
neurotrophin-induced neuronal synaptic plasticity
The proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form.
zymogen activation by proteolytic cleavage
The process in which inactive plasminogen is processed to active plasmin. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide.
Any process in an organism that results in the killing of cells of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system.
regulation of neurological system process
regulation of neurophysiological process
negative regulation of nervous system process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process.
negative regulation of neurological process
negative regulation of neurological system process
negative regulation of neurophysiological process
positive regulation of nervous system process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process.
positive regulation of neurological process
positive regulation of neurological system process
positive regulation of neurophysiological process
Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation.
Any process that decreases the stability of a protein, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes or aggregation.
negative regulation of protein stability
Any homeostatic process in which an organism produces heat, thereby raising its internal temperature.
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heat generation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of heat generation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of heat generation.
Any homeostatic process in which an organism releases excess heat to the environment, thereby lowering its internal temperature.
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heat dissipation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of heat dissipation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of heat dissipation.
obsolete regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that controls the frequency, rate or extent of G1 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity contributing to the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
obsolete negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity contributing to the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
obsolete positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity contributing to the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
obsolete regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity contributing to the G2/M transition of the cell cycle.
obsolete negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity contributing to the G2/M transition of the cell cycle.
lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.
lipopolysaccharide-mediated signalling pathway
regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.
regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signalling pathway
regulation of LPS-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.
downregulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of LPS-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.
activation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of LPS-mediated signaling pathway
stimulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
cellular response to extracellular stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a primary cell septum following nuclear division.
The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line.
A relatively pale zone traversing the center of the A band of a sarcomere, visible in relaxed muscle fibers; consists of the central portion of thick (myosin) filaments that are not overlapped by thin (actin) filaments.
A region of a sarcomere that appears as a light band on each side of the Z disc, comprising a region of the sarcomere where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapped by thick (myosin) filaments; contains actin, troponin, and tropomyosin; each sarcomere includes half of an I band at each end.
plasma membrane-derived thylakoid membrane
The pigmented membrane of a plasma membrane-derived thylakoid.
NADH dehydrogenase (plastoquinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + plastoquinone = NAD+ + plastoquinol.
The heterodimer formed by the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein, which dissociates from the alpha subunit upon guanine nuclotide exchange.
G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding
Binding to a complex of G-protein beta/gamma subunits.
obsolete heterotrimeric G-protein complex cycle
OBSOLETE. The series of molecular events that generate a signal through the activation of G-protein subunits and recycling of these subunits.
Binding to an alpha-1A adrenergic receptor.
Binding to an alpha-1B adrenergic receptor.
Binding to an alpha-1D adrenergic receptor.
Binding to an alpha-2A adrenergic receptor.
Binding to an alpha-2B adrenergic receptor.
Binding to an alpha-2C adrenergic receptor.
Binding to a beta-1 adrenergic receptor.
Binding to a beta-2 adrenergic receptor.
Binding to a beta-3 adrenergic receptor.
Binding to a type 1 angiotensin receptor.
Binding to a type 2 angiotensin receptor.
Binding to a subtype 3 bombesin receptor.
gastrin-releasing peptide receptor binding
Binding to a gastrin-releasing peptide receptor.
gastrin-releasing peptide receptor ligand
C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor binding
Binding to a C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor.
C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor ligand
C5L2 anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor binding
Binding to a C5L2 anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor.
C5L2 anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor ligand
Binding to a type 1 cannabinoid receptor.
Binding to a type 2 cannabinoid receptor.
Binding to a haptoglobin, any alpha2 globulin of blood plasma that can combine with free oxyhemoglobin to form a stable complex.
stromal cell-derived factor 1 receptor binding
type 1 Burkitt's lymphoma receptor binding
macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha receptor binding
monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 receptor binding
type 1 EBV-induced G-protein coupled receptor binding
Binding to a type A cholecystokinin receptor.
type B gastrin/cholecystokinin receptor binding
Binding to a type B gastrin/cholecystokinin receptor.
type B gastrin/cholecystokinin receptor ligand
Binding to a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor.
type 1 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor binding
Binding to a type 1 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor.
type 1 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor ligand
type 2 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor binding
Binding to a type 2 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor.
type 2 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor ligand
endothelial differentiation G protein-coupled receptor binding
Binding to an endothelial differentiation G protein-coupled receptor.
endothelial differentiation G-protein coupled receptor binding
endothelial differentiation G-protein coupled receptor ligand
Edg-1 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor binding
Binding to an Edg-1 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor.
Edg-1 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor ligand
Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding
Binding to an Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor.
Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligand
Edg-3 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor binding
Binding to an Edg-3 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor.
Edg-3 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor ligand
Edg-4 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding
Binding to an Edg-4 lysophosphatidic acid receptor.
Edg-4 lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligand
Edg-5 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor binding
Binding to an Edg-5 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor.
Edg-5 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor ligand
Edg-6 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor binding
Binding to an Edg-6 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor.
Edg-6 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor ligand
Edg-7 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding
Binding to an Edg-7 lysophosphatidic acid receptor.
Edg-7 lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligand
follicle-stimulating hormone receptor binding
Binding to a follicle-stimulating hormone receptor.
follicle stimulating hormone receptor binding
follicle stimulating hormone receptor ligand
gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor binding
Binding to a gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor.
gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor ligand
type 1 growth hormone secretagogue GH-releasing peptide receptor binding
growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor binding
Binding to a growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor.
growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor ligand
lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor binding
Binding to a lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor.
lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor ligand
melanin-concentrating hormone receptor binding
Binding to a melanin-concentrating hormone receptor.
melanin-concentrating hormone receptor ligand
type 1 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor binding
Binding to a type 1 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor.
type 1 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor ligand
type 2 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor binding
Binding to a type 2 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor.
type 2 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor ligand
Binding to a corticotropin hormone receptor.
adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor ligand
adrenocorticotropin hormone receptor binding
Binding to a type 3 melanocortin receptor.
Binding to a type 4 melanocortin receptor.
Binding to a type 5 melanocortin receptor.
Binding to a type 1A melatonin receptor.
Binding to a type 1B melatonin receptor.
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor binding
Binding to a G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor.
G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor binding
M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding
M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ligand
M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding
M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ligand
M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding
M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ligand
M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding
M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ligand
M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding
M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ligand
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ligand
Binding to a G protein-coupled (metabotropic) GABA receptor.
type 1 metabotropic GABA receptor binding
Binding to a type 1 metabotropic GABA receptor.
type 1 metabotropic GABA receptor ligand
type 2 metabotropic GABA receptor binding
Binding to a type 2 metabotropic GABA receptor.
type 2 metabotropic GABA receptor ligand
type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding
Binding to a type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor ligand
type 2 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding
Binding to a type 2 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
type 2 metabotropic glutamate receptor ligand
type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding
Binding to a type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptor ligand
type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding
Binding to a type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptor ligand
type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding
Binding to a type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor ligand
type 6 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding
Binding to a type 6 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
type 6 metabotropic glutamate receptor ligand
type 7 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding
Binding to a type 7 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
type 7 metabotropic glutamate receptor ligand
type 8 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding
Binding to a type 8 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
type 8 metabotropic glutamate receptor ligand
G protein-coupled histamine receptor binding
Binding to a G protein-coupled (metabotropic) histamine receptor.
G-protein coupled histamine receptor binding
G protein-coupled nucleotide receptor binding
Binding to a G protein-coupled (metabotropic) nucleotide receptor.
G-protein coupled nucleotide receptor binding
metabotropic nucleotide receptor binding
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding
Binding to a metabotropic serotonin receptor.
G-protein coupled serotonin receptor binding
metabotropic 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor binding
Binding to a type 1B serotonin receptor.
Binding to a type 1D serotonin receptor.
Binding to a type 1E serotonin receptor.
Binding to a type 1F serotonin receptor.
Binding to a type 2A serotonin receptor.
Binding to a type 2B serotonin receptor.
Binding to a type 2C serotonin receptor.
Binding to a type 5A serotonin receptor.
Binding to a type 5B serotonin receptor.
A protein complex formed by the stable binding of a haptoglobin to hemoglobin.
Binding to a type 1 neuromedin U receptor.
Binding to a type 2 neuromedin U receptor.
Binding to a type 1 neuropeptide Y receptor.
Binding to a type 2 neuropeptide Y receptor.
Binding to a type 4 neuropeptide Y receptor.
Binding to a type 5 neuropeptide Y receptor.
Binding to a type 1 neurotensin receptor.
protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere
A process that prevents non-homologous end joining at telomere, thereby ensuring that telomeres do not fuse.
protection from NHEJ-mediated telomere fusion
Binding to a delta-type opioid receptor.
Binding to a kappa-type opioid receptor.
orexigenic neuropeptide QRFP receptor binding
Binding to an orexigenic neuropeptide QRFP receptor.
orexigenic neuropeptide QRFP receptor ligand
Binding to a parathyroid hormone receptor.
type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor binding
Binding to a type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor.
type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor ligand
pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor binding
Binding to a pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor.
pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide receptor binding
pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide receptor ligand
platelet activating factor receptor binding
Binding to a platelet activating factor receptor.
platelet activating factor receptor ligand
The formation of the single stranded telomeric 3' overhang, a conserved feature that ranges in length from 12 nt in budding yeast to approximately 500 nt in humans.
prolactin-releasing peptide receptor binding
Binding to a prolactin-releasing peptide receptor.
prolactin-releasing peptide receptor ligand
EP1 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor binding
Binding to an EP1 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor.
EP1 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor ligand
EP2 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor binding
Binding to an EP2 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor.
EP2 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor ligand
EP3 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor binding
Binding to an EP3 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor.
EP3 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor ligand
EP4 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor binding
Binding to an EP4 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor.
EP4 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor ligand
Binding to a prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor.
Binding to a proteinase activated receptor.
type 1 proteinase activated receptor binding
Binding to a type 1 proteinase activated receptor.
type 1 proteinase activated receptor ligand
type 2 proteinase activated receptor binding
Binding to a type 2 proteinase activated receptor.
type 2 proteinase activated receptor ligand
type 3 proteinase activated receptor binding
Binding to a type 3 proteinase activated receptor.
type 3 proteinase activated receptor ligand
type 4 proteinase activated receptor binding
Binding to a type 4 proteinase activated receptor.
type 4 proteinase activated receptor ligand
Binding to a type 1 somatostatin receptor.
Binding to a type 2 somatostatin receptor.
Binding to a type 3 somatostatin receptor.
Binding to a type 4 somatostatin receptor.
Binding to a type 5 somatostatin receptor.
Binding to a type 1 member 1 taste receptor.
Binding to a type 1 member 2 taste receptor.
Binding to a type 1 member 3 taste receptor.
lipid droplet transport along microtubule
The directed movement of a lipid droplet along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.
lipid particle transport along microtubule
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor binding
Binding to a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor.
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor ligand
type 1 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor binding
Binding to a type 1 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor.
type 1 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor ligand
type 2 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor binding
Binding to a type 2 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor.
type 2 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor ligand
The translocon of the inner envelope of chloroplasts, which facilitates the import of proteins across the chloroplast inner membrane.
chloroplast inner membrane translocase complex
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chromoplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chromoplast envelope; also faces the chromoplast stroma.
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the chromoplast envelope.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an early endosome.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a late endosome.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a microbody.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endosome.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of an early endosome.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of a late endosome.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of a microbody.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of a glyoxysome.
Stable, specialized structure for the ingestion of food by the cell into phagosomes.
Stable, specialized structure for extrusion of waste by the cell into the surrounding medium.
Complex basket- or funnel-like structure used by the cell to collect food and channel it to the cytostome; includes specialized sub-structures made up of closely-spaced cilia and underlying basal bodies and fibrillar systems.
Stable structure that regulates the flow of liquid between the contractile vacuole and the surrounding medium.
negative regulation of synaptic plasticity
A process that decreases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
positive regulation of synaptic plasticity
A process that increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
A process that modulates synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
negative regulation of synaptic metaplasticity
A process that decreases synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
downregulation of synaptic metaplasticity
down regulation of synaptic metaplasticity
down-regulation of synaptic metaplasticity
positive regulation of synaptic metaplasticity
A process that increases synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
up regulation of synaptic metaplasticity
up-regulation of synaptic metaplasticity
The directed movement of any of the vitamin B6 compounds -- pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate -- into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of pyridoxal into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
The directed movement of pyridoxal phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; pyridoxal phosphate is pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, and is the active form of vitamin B6.
The directed movement of pyridoxamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Pyridoxamine, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
The directed movement of pyridoxine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
vitamin B6 transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of any of the vitamin B6 compounds, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
pyridoxal transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of pyridoxal from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
pyridoxal phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of pyridoxal phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyridoxal phosphate is pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, and is the active form of vitamin B6.
pyridoxamine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of pyridoxamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyridoxamine, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
pyridoxine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of pyridoxine from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
The series of molecular signals mediated by TOR (Target of rapamycin) proteins, members of the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase related kinase (PIKK) family that act as serine/threonine kinases in response to nutrient availability or growth factors.
The series of molecular signals that forms a pathway of communication from the mitochondria to the nucleus and initiates cellular changes in response to changes in mitochondrial function.
mitochondria-nucleus signal transduction
A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) and Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of TOR), or orthologs of, in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of S6K. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Kog1p, Lst8p, Tco89p, and either Tor1p or Tor2p.
rapamycin and nutrient-sensitive TOR complex
A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) and Rictor (rapamycin-insensitive companion of TOR), or orthologs of, in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of PKB (also called AKT). In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Avo1p, Avo2p, Tsc11p, Lst8p, Bit61p, Slm1p, Slm2p, and Tor2p.
rapamycin and nutrient-insensitive TOR complex
OBSOLETE. Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the telomeres.
Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at silenced mating-type loci.
obsolete regulation of chromatin silencing
OBSOLETE. Any process that affects the rate, extent or location of chromatin silencing.
obsolete negative regulation of chromatin silencing
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing.
obsolete positive regulation of chromatin silencing
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing.
obsolete regulation of chromatin silencing at telomere
OBSOLETE. Any process that affects the rate, extent or location of chromatin silencing at telomeres.
obsolete negative regulation of chromatin silencing at telomere
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing at telomeres.
obsolete positive regulation of chromatin silencing at telomere
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing at telomeres.
A two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin.
Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane whose catalytic residues lie on the intermembrane space side of the inner membrane; involved in mitochondrial protein turnover. Contains a subunit belonging to the AAA family of ATP-dependent metalloproteases.
regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids.
negative regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids.
downregulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
down regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
down-regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
inhibition of glucocorticoid metabolic process
negative regulation of glucocorticoid metabolism
positive regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids.
activation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
positive regulation of glucocorticoid metabolism
stimulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
upregulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
up regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
up-regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.
negative regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.
downregulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
down regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
down-regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
inhibition of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
positive regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.
activation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
stimulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
upregulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
up regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
up-regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids.
negative regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids.
downregulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
down regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
down-regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
inhibition of glucocorticoid catabolic process
positive regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids.
activation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
stimulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
upregulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
up regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
up-regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
regulation of protein autophosphorylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.
regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
negative regulation of protein autophosphorylation
Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.
downregulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
down regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
down-regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
inhibition of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
negative regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.
activation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
positive regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
stimulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
upregulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
up regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
up-regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
short-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a short-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA. A short-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.
short-chain fatty-acid-CoA ligase activity
short-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase activity
medium-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a medium-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.
medium-chain fatty-acid-CoA ligase activity
medium-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase activity
very long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a very-long-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA; a very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.
very-long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity
very-long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase activity
corticosteroid receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by corticosteroid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
corticosteroid receptor signalling pathway
mineralocorticoid receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by mineralocorticoid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
mineralocorticoid receptor signalling pathway
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
nuclear mineralocorticoid receptor binding
Binding to a nuclear mineralocorticoid receptor.
Combining with cortisol and transmitting the signal within the cell to trigger a change in cell activity or function.
beta-alanyl-histamine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-beta-alanyl histamine + H2O = histamine + beta-alanine.
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes.
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing in a cellular organelle, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope.
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a chloroplast and form the chloroplast envelope.
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope.
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chloroplast envelope.
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chromoplast envelope.
The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen.
A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers.
The volume enclosed by a thylakoid membrane.
The volume enclosed by a plastid thylakoid membrane.
The volume enclosed by a plasma membrane-derived thylakoid.
The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane.
Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane.
The volume enclosed by the membrane or protein that forms a vesicle.
A compartment that consists of a lumen and an enclosing membrane, and is part of an organelle.
Any of the thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.
A leucoplast in which protein is stored.
locomotion involved in locomotory behavior
Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement.
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a bombesin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress
The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for the organism; in particular, a process that enables an organism withstand exposure to temperatures that would otherwise lethally impair poly(A)+ mRNA-nucleus export.
mRNA export from cell nucleus during heat stress
mRNA export from nucleus during heat stress
regulation of actomyosin contractile ring contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of contraction of the actomyosin ring involved in cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle.
regulation of actomyosin contractile ring constriction
regulation of contractile ring contraction involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
regulation of contractile ring contraction involved in cytokinesis during cell cycle
The biological transducer activity that accepts energy and converts it to another form, often by transfer to another molecule within the cell.
Absorbing energy from one or more photons and transferring their energy to another molecule, usually a protein, within the cell.
Binding to insulin-like growth factor I.
Binding to insulin-like growth factor II.
obsolete N-terminal myristoylation domain binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to the N-terminus of a protein that has the potential to be, or has been, modified by N-terminal myristoylation. Binding affinity is typically altered by myristoylation; for example, N-terminal myristoylation of HIV Nef increases its affinity for calmodulin.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid bbeta-oxidation.
negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation.
downregulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
down regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
down-regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation.
stimulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
upregulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
up regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
up-regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
1,4-alpha-glucan 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer an alpha-D-glucosyl residue in a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan to the primary hydroxy group of glucose, free or combined in a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan.
1,4-alpha-D-glucan:1,4-alpha-D-glucan(D-glucose) 6-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
1,4-alpha-D-glucan 6-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
oligoglucan-branching glycosyltransferase activity
A protein complex that binds interleukin-28 and interleukin-29. It is composed of an alpha and a beta receptor subunit (in human IFNLR1/IL28Ralpha & IL10RB) and either Interleukin-28 (IFNL2 or IFNL3) or Interleukin-29 (IFNL1).
signal transduction involved in positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
The series of molecular signals that bring about the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to a cue, such as starvation or pheromone exposure, in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.
regulation of target of rapamycin signaling pathway
regulation of target of rapamycin signalling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.
down regulation of TOR signaling pathway
down-regulation of TOR signaling pathway
negative regulation of target of rapamycin signaling pathway
negative regulation of target of rapamycin signalling pathway
negative regulation of TOR signaling cascade
negative regulation of TOR signaling pathway
negative regulation of TOR signalling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.
positive regulation of target of rapamycin signaling pathway
positive regulation of target of rapamycin signalling pathway
positive regulation of TOR signaling cascade
positive regulation of TOR signaling pathway
positive regulation of TOR signalling pathway
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle as initially formed upon the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by maturation of an early phagosome following the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis; during maturation, phagosomes acquire markers of late endosomes and lysosomes.
The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the ARF family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
regulation of ARF protein signal transduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.
negative regulation of ARF protein signal transduction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.
downregulation of ARF protein signal transduction
down regulation of ARF protein signal transduction
down-regulation of ARF protein signal transduction
inhibition of ARF protein signal transduction
positive regulation of ARF protein signal transduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.
activation of ARF protein signal transduction
stimulation of ARF protein signal transduction
upregulation of ARF protein signal transduction
up regulation of ARF protein signal transduction
up-regulation of ARF protein signal transduction
regulation of Ran protein signal transduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ran protein signal transduction.
negative regulation of Ran protein signal transduction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ran protein signal transduction.
downregulation of Ran protein signal transduction
down regulation of Ran protein signal transduction
down-regulation of Ran protein signal transduction
inhibition of Ran protein signal transduction
positive regulation of Ran protein signal transduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ran protein signal transduction.
activation of Ran protein signal transduction
stimulation of Ran protein signal transduction
upregulation of Ran protein signal transduction
up regulation of Ran protein signal transduction
up-regulation of Ran protein signal transduction
2-methylbutanol:NADP oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylbutanol + NADP+ = 2-methylbutanal + NADPH + H+.
2-methylbutanal reductase (NADP) activity
2-methylbutyraldehyde reductase (NADP) activity
A prominent mass in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes. The cloud contains both mitochondria and electron-dense granulofibrillar material (GFM) and is the source of germinal granule material.
The covalent addition to a protein of ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein.
A complex of five proteins, designated NELF-A, -B, -C, -D, and -E in human, that can physically associate with RNP polymerase II to induce transcriptional pausing.
The proteolytic processing of trypsinogen to the active form, trypsin.
positive regulation of insulin secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnesium ion stimulus.
Binding to a light chain of a myosin complex.
Binding to the head/neck region of a myosin heavy chain.
Binding to the tail region of a myosin heavy chain.
Binding to a light chain of a myosin I complex.
Binding to the head/neck region of a myosin I heavy chain.
Binding to the tail region of a myosin I heavy chain.
Binding to a light chain of a myosin II complex.
Binding to the head/neck region of a myosin II heavy chain.
Binding to the tail region of a myosin II heavy chain.
Binding to a heavy chain of a myosin complex.
Binding to a heavy chain of a myosin I complex.
Binding to a heavy chain of a myosin II complex.
A protein complex that stably associates with the C-terminus of RNA polymerase II and mediates 3'-end processing of small nuclear RNAs generated by RNA polymerase II.
A large ribonucleoprotein complex that is an early preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 80S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.
NAD-dependent histone H3K14 deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 14 of the histone H3 protein.
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K14 specific)
NAD-dependent histone H3-K14 deacetylase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitochondrial DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mitochondrial DNA.
A heterodimeric protein complex formed of Spt4 and Spt5 proteins which is expressed in eukaryotes from yeast to man. DSIF is an inhibitory elongation factor that promotes RNA polymerase II transcriptional pausing, but can also stimulate transcriptional elongation under certain conditions, and may play a role in RNA processing via its physical association with mRNA capping enzymes.
5,6-Dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole sensitivity inducing factor complex
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex
A protein complex that stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase.
micropexophagy-specific membrane apparatus
A membrane-bounded flattened sac that is formed during micropexophagy between the membrane tips of an engulfing vacuole, completing the engulfment and sequestration of peroxisomes from the cytosol, and forming a micropexophagic body within the lumen of the vacuole.
A double-membrane-bounded organelle that functions in iron-sulfur protein maturation; evolutionarily derived from mitochondria. The mitosome has been detected only in anaerobic or microaerophilic organisms that do not have mitochondria, such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and several species of Microsporidia. These organisms are not capable of gaining energy from oxidative phosphorylation, which is normally performed by mitochondria.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.
diphosphatidylglycerol metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.
diphosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process
Binding to a bile acid, a steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ciliary basal body, a short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium (also called flagellum).
microtubule basal body organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of translation in response to stress
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
downregulation of translation in response to stress
down regulation of translation in response to stress
down-regulation of translation in response to stress
inhibition of translation in response to stress
positive regulation of translation in response to stress
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
activation of translation in response to stress
stimulation of translation in response to stress
upregulation of translation in response to stress
up regulation of translation in response to stress
up-regulation of translation in response to stress
negative regulation of translational initiation in response to stress
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
downregulation of translation initiation in response to stress
down regulation of translation initiation in response to stress
down-regulation of translation initiation in response to stress
inhibition of translation initiation in response to stress
positive regulation of translational initiation in response to stress
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
activation of translation initiation in response to stress
stimulation of translation initiation in response to stress
upregulation of translation initiation in response to stress
up regulation of translation initiation in response to stress
up-regulation of translation initiation in response to stress
A cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Blebs are formed during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses.
The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Plasma membrane blebbing occurs during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses.
negative regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
downregulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
down regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
down-regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
inhibition of translation in response to osmotic stress
positive regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
activation of translation in response to osmotic stress
stimulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
upregulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
up regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
up-regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
negative regulation of translational initiation in response to osmotic stress
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
downregulation of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
down regulation of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
down-regulation of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
inhibition of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
positive regulation of translational initiation in response to osmotic stress
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
activation of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
stimulation of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
upregulation of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
up regulation of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
up-regulation of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
maintenance of protein location in cell cortex
A process in which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex.
type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site specific manner. Cleavage is dependent on the presence of a specific recognition site in the DNA which must be modified (e.g. methylated, hydroxymethylated, glucosyl-hydroxymethylated).
type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex
A complex consisting of two proteins which acts as an endonuclease in DNA sequences containing a specific modified recognition site. Modifications may include methylation, hydroxymethylation, and glucosyl-hydroxymethylation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.
regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the catalysis of endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site-specific manner, resulting in double-strand breaks.
negative regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of a restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the catalysis of endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site-specific manner, resulting in double-strand breaks.
downregulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
down regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
down-regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
inhibition of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
restriction endodeoxyribonuclease inhibitor
negative regulation of nuclease activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
positive regulation of nuclease activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
negative regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.
downregulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
down regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
down-regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
inhibition of deoxyribonuclease activity
positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.
activation of deoxyribonuclease activity
stimulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
upregulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
up regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
up-regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
negative regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
downregulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
down regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
down-regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
inhibition of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
activation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
stimulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
upregulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
up regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
up-regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
negative regulation of type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
downregulation of type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
down regulation of type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
down-regulation of type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
inhibition of type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
negative regulation of type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease inhibitor
negative regulation of type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
downregulation of type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
down regulation of type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
down-regulation of type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
inhibition of type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
negative regulation of type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease inhibitor
negative regulation of type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
downregulation of type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
down regulation of type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
down-regulation of type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
inhibition of type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
negative regulation of type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease inhibitor
negative regulation of type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
downregulation of type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
down regulation of type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
down-regulation of type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
inhibition of type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
negative regulation of type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease inhibitor
regulation of type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
regulation of type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease regulator
regulation of type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
regulation of type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease regulator
regulation of type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
regulation of type III restriction endoribonuclease activity
type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease regulator
regulation of type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
regulation of type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease regulator
negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
inhibition of NF-kappaB transcription factor
Binding to a NACHT (NAIP, CIITA, HET-E and TP1) domain. The NACHT domain consists of seven distinct conserved motifs, including an ATP/GTPase specific P-loop, a Mg2+-binding site and five more specific motifs.
Binding to a Pyrin (PAAD/DAPIN) domain, a protein-protein interaction domain that has the same fold as the Death domain.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
Binding to a SAM (Sterile Alpha Motif) domain, which is a 70-amino acid protein sequence that participates in protein-protein, protein-lipid, and protein-RNA interactions and is conserved from lower to higher eukaryotes.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus.
Any process that activates, maintains, or increases the rate of a response to a food stimulus.
Any process which modulates appetite, the desire or physical craving for food.
regulation of response to external stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus.
negative regulation of response to external stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus.
downregulation of response to external stimulus
down regulation of response to external stimulus
down-regulation of response to external stimulus
inhibition of response to external stimulus
positive regulation of response to external stimulus
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus.
activation of response to external stimulus
stimulation of response to external stimulus
upregulation of response to external stimulus
up regulation of response to external stimulus
up-regulation of response to external stimulus
regulation of response to extracellular stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus.
negative regulation of response to extracellular stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus.
downregulation of response to extracellular stimulus
down regulation of response to extracellular stimulus
down-regulation of response to extracellular stimulus
inhibition of response to extracellular stimulus
positive regulation of response to extracellular stimulus
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an extracellular stimulus.
activation of response to extracellular stimulus
stimulation of response to extracellular stimulus
upregulation of response to extracellular stimulus
up regulation of response to extracellular stimulus
up-regulation of response to extracellular stimulus
regulation of response to nutrient levels
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels.
negative regulation of response to nutrient levels
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels.
downregulation of response to nutrient levels
down regulation of response to nutrient levels
down-regulation of response to nutrient levels
inhibition of response to nutrient levels
positive regulation of response to nutrient levels
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels.
activation of response to nutrient levels
stimulation of response to nutrient levels
upregulation of response to nutrient levels
up regulation of response to nutrient levels
up-regulation of response to nutrient levels
regulation of protein histidine kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein histidine kinase activity.
obsolete activation of protein histidine kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein histidine kinase.
negative regulation of protein histidine kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein histidine kinase activity.
downregulation of protein histidine kinase activity
down regulation of protein histidine kinase activity
down-regulation of protein histidine kinase activity
inhibition of protein histidine kinase activity
regulation of carbohydrate phosphatase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of carbohydrate phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a carbohydrate phosphate.
regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose-6-phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucitol + NADP+ = L-sorbose + H+ + NADPH. The reaction may occur, to a minor extent, in the reverse direction.
D-glucitol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
A protein complex required for the loading of a structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) complex, such as cohesin, condensin or SMC5/SMC6, onto DNA. Appears to be eukaryotically conserved.
An array of astral microtubules that emanates from the spindle pole body during meiosis and facilitates horsetail nuclear movement.
horsetail-astral microtubule organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the horsetail-astral array, a structure of astral microtubules that emanates from the spindle pole body during meiosis.
horsetail-astral microtubule array organization
horsetail-astral microtubule organisation
horsetail-astral microtubule organization and biogenesis
The process of binding or confining zinc ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
ascospore-type prospore membrane formation
The process in which the nascent membrane forms at the meiotic outer plaque and grows until closure occurs and forespores, or prospores, are formed.
ascospore-type prospore membrane assembly
meiotic attachment of telomeric heterochromatin to spindle pole body
The meiotic cell cycle process in which physical connections are formed between telomeric heterochromatin and the spindle pole body, facilitating bouquet formation.
attachment of telomeres to spindle pole body
attachment of telomeric chromatin to spindle pole body
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the oral apparatus. The oral apparatus is a funnel-like structure used by the cell to collect food and channel it to the cytostome, characteristic of ciliate protozoans.
oral apparatus organization and biogenesis
Inward projections of the cytoskeletal structures of the oral apparatus, which form a fiber that extends past the cytostome into the cytoplasm.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the macronucleus.
macronuclear organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the micronucleus.
micronuclear organization and biogenesis
A cell part that is composed of the eisosome membrane or MCC domain, a furrow-like plasma membrane sub-domain and associated integral transmembrane proteins, and the proteins (eisosome filaments) that form a scaffolding lattice on the cytoplasmic face. Eisosomes broadly affect overall plasma membrane organization.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense core granule.
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.
histone deacetylase activity (H3-K9 specific)
The assembly of a sterol-rich region of the plasma membrane at the cell surface overlying the contractile ring.
Binding to an O6-alkylguanine adduct in DNA.
A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that localizes to kinetochores in early mitosis, the spindle mid-zone in anaphase B and to the telophase midbody. It has been proposed that the passenger complex coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. Complex members include the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora kinase, INCENP and Borealin.
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing an insertion or a deletion.
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing an A/C mispair.
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a G/T mispair.
single base insertion or deletion binding
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single base insertion or deletion.
dinucleotide insertion or deletion binding
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a dinucleotide insertion or deletion.
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single adenine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired adenine.
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single cytosine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired cytosine.
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single guanine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired guanine.
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single thymine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired thymine.
A homodimeric protein complex that possesses 4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity.
succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase binding
Binding to succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase.
succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase binding
Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein kinase.
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase B.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rhamnose stimulus.
ubiquinone biosynthetic process from chorismate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of chorismate to 4-hydroxybenzoate.
A heterooligomeric septin complex that acts during mitotic cell division.
A heterooligomeric septin complex that acts during meiotic cell division.
The eventual plane of cell division (also known as cell cleavage or cytokinesis) in a dividing cell. In Eukaryotes, the cleavage apparatus, composed of septin structures and the actomyosin contractile ring, forms along this plane, and the mitotic, or meiotic, spindle is aligned perpendicular to the division plane. In bacteria, the cell division site is generally located at mid-cell and is the site at which the cytoskeletal structure, the Z-ring, assembles.
The cleavage furrow is a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site. The cleavage furrow begins as a shallow groove and eventually deepens to divide the cytoplasm.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cell division plane, the eventual plane of cell division in a dividing cell.
The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of septins and associated proteins. Includes septin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.
A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane of the prospore envelope in meiotic cells in preparation for completing cytokinesis.
A diffuse ring composed of a series of septin bars that run parallel to the long axis of the cell. This type of septin structure has been observed in a number of locations associated with polarized grown and/or deposition of new membrane, but not with cytokinesis, such as at the shmoo (mating projection) neck, at the junction between the mother cell and the germ tube (hypha) of a fungal cell growing filamentously.
A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes and hyphae in fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.
Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Such structures have been observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation in S. cerevisiae and in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation in C. albicans.
Any of a series of structures composed of septins and septin-associated proteins localized to the cleavage plane which are involved in cytokinesis.
A septin band, i.e. a diffuse ring composed of a series of septin bars running parallel to the long axis of the cell, located at the neck of a shmoo (mating projection).
A septin band, i.e. a diffuse ring composed of a series of septin bars running parallel to the long axis of the cell, located at the junction between the mother cell and the germ tube (hypha) of a fungal cell growing filamentously.
A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in hyphae of fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.
Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures; observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation.
Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Observed in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation.
OBSOLETE. An amorphous-appearing accumulation of septin proteins at the future site of cytokinesis.
A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis in a prospore; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes of fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.
A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within the germ tube of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
A tubular, hourglass-shaped structure composed of highly ordered arrays of septin filaments; in budding yeast cells, the septin collar forms from the initial septin ring by expanding into the daughter cell.
A tubular structure with flared ends, shaped like an hourglass and composed of highly ordered arrays of septin filaments, that forms at the bud neck of a dividing cell. In S. cerevisiae, this structure is located at the bud neck throughout most of the cell cycle and the septins are fixed within the structure, not exchanging with soluble septins. This septin structure acts as a scaffold for other proteins that function at the bud neck.
A septin ring, i.e. a ring-shaped structure composed of septins and septin-associated proteins, located at the neck of a shmoo (mating projection). The septin ring in the neck of a shmoo may act as a barrier to localize mating factors in the shmoo tip.
A pair of rings that flank the site of cell division, formed by splitting of the septin ring (or collar) prior to cytokinesis; this double ring structure is thought to trap proteins needed for cytokinesis or the formation of the new membrane or cell wall between the two septin rings. Split septin rings are known to occur in budding yeast cells and probably occur in other cell types as well.
Two separate septin rings that are formed from the septin collar at the time of cytokinesis in cells that divide by budding. These two rings are thought to delineate a special compartment in which factors involved in cytokinesis are concentrated.
A sterol-rich region of the plasma membrane which forms at the cell surface overlying the contractile ring and spreads into the invaginating plasma membrane surrounding the septum.
The slender tubular outgrowth first produced by most spores in germination.
ubiquinone biosynthetic process from tyrosine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxybenzoate.
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a dinucleotide repeat insertion or a deletion resulting in unpaired dinucleotide repeats.
Binding to a small conjugating protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein.
Binding to the small ubiquitin-like protein SUMO.
Binding to a polymer of the small ubiquitin-like protein SUMO.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising septin complexes and their associated proteins.
septin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
cellular bud neck septin ring organization
Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of a septin ring located at the bud neck.
cellular bud neck septin ring organisation
actomyosin contractile ring localization
The process in which a contractile ring is positioned or maintained in a specific location, in the context of cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle.
contractile ring localisation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
contractile ring localization involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
establishment of actomyosin contractile ring localization
The process in which a contractile ring is assembled in a specific location as part of a process of cell cycle cytokinesis.
cytokinesis site selection by contractile ring positioning
establishment of contractile ring localisation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
establishment of contractile ring localization involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
establishment of contractile ring localization involved in cytokinesis during cell cycle
maintenance of actomyosin contractile ring localization
Any process in which an actomyosin contractile ring is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of contractile ring localisation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
maintenance of contractile ring localization involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
maintenance of contractile ring localization involved in cytokinesis during cell cycle
Binding to acrosin, a protein that is found in the acrosomes of sperm and possesses protease and carbohydrate binding activities.
ubiquinone biosynthetic process via 2-polyprenylphenol
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, via the intermediates 2-polyprenylphenol and 2-polyprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol.
ubiquinone biosynthetic process via 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, via the intermediates 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate.
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis.
Any process involved in mediating the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites. For elements that are transcribed as the first step of transposition, the process starts with the transcription of the transposable element, its translation and maturation, and ending with integration into DNA. For elements that are cut out, the process starts with the excision of the donor DNA and integrated into another site.
A type of transposition in which a transposable element (transposon) copies and pastes itself into a different genomic location by transcription and convertsion of the transcribed RNA back into DNA through reverse transcription.
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the transposition of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs).
obsolete reverse transcription involved in RNA-mediated transposition
OBSOLETE. The synthesis of DNA from an RNA transposon intermediate.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of telomeres, terminal regions of a linear chromosome that include the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
organization of chromosome, telomeric region
telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
The process in which telomeric DNA is synthesized semi-conservatively by the conventional replication machinery and telomeric accessory factors as part of cell cycle DNA replication.
A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomere at a non-telomeric double-stranded DNA end. A telomere is a terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
A cellular process that results in the formation of a telomere at a non-telomeric double-stranded DNA end that involves the activity of a telomerase enzyme.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.
negative regulation of telomere maintenance
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.
positive regulation of telomere maintenance
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.
regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a recombinational process involved in the maintenance of proper telomeric length.
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a recombinational process involved in the maintenance of proper telomeric length.
downregulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
down regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
down-regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
inhibition of telomere maintenance via recombination
positive regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a recombinational process involved in the maintenance of proper telomeric length.
activation of telomere maintenance via recombination
stimulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
upregulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
up regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
up-regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
downregulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity
down regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity
down-regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity
inhibition of telomere maintenance via telomerase
positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
activation of telomere maintenance via telomerase
stimulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase
upregulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity
up regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity
up-regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity
regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA.
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA.
downregulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
down regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
down-regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
inhibition of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
positive regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA.
activation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
stimulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
upregulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
up regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
up-regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
glucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol + fatty acyl-CoA = glucosaminyl-acyl-phasphotidylinositol + CoA.
glucosaminyl-phosphotidylinositol O-acyltransferase activity
riboflavin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of riboflavin from one side of a membrane to the other. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, converted in the cell to FMN and FAD, cofactors required for the function of flavoproteins.
The directed movement of riboflavin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, converted in the cell to FMN and FAD, cofactors required for the function of flavoproteins.
cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in cytogamy
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules forming part of a cell wall that contribute to cytogamy.
cell wall macromolecule catabolic process during cytogamy
plasma membrane fusion involved in cytogamy
The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround cells, that contributes to cytogamy.
plasma membrane organization involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
A eukaryotically conserved histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones across gene coding regions. Composed of a catalytic histone deacetylase subunit, a chromodomain protein, a SIN3 family co-repressor, and a WD repeat protein (Clr6p, Alp13p, Pst2p, and Prw1p respectively in Schizosaccharomyces; Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Rco1p and Eaf3 in Saccharomyces; homologs thereof in other species).
regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
downregulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
down regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
down-regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
inhibition of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
activation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
stimulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
upregulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
up regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
up-regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.
activation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
stimulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
upregulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
up regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
up-regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.
downregulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
down regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
down-regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
inhibition of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
downregulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
down regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
down-regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
inhibition of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
activation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
stimulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
upregulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
up regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
up-regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
regulation of actin filament bundle assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.
regulation of actin filament bundle formation
negative regulation of actin filament bundle assembly
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.
downregulation of actin filament bundle formation
down regulation of actin filament bundle formation
down-regulation of actin filament bundle formation
inhibition of actin filament bundle formation
positive regulation of actin filament bundle assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.
activation of actin filament bundle formation
stimulation of actin filament bundle formation
upregulation of actin filament bundle formation
up regulation of actin filament bundle formation
up-regulation of actin filament bundle formation
obsolete regulation of calcium ion transport via store-operated calcium channel activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions via a store-operated calcium channel.
obsolete negative regulation of calcium ion transport via store-operated calcium channel activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions via a store-operated calcium channel.
obsolete positive regulation of calcium ion transport via store-operated calcium channel activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions via a store-operated calcium channel.
activation of store-operated calcium channel activity
A process that initiates the activity of an inactive store-operated calcium channel.
The directed movement of adenosine, adenine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
downregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
down regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
down-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
inhibition of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
activation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
stimulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
upregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
up regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
up-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of nucleoside transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of nucleoside transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of purine nucleoside transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of pyrimidine nucleoside transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of purine nucleoside transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
downregulation of purine nucleoside transport
down regulation of purine nucleoside transport
down-regulation of purine nucleoside transport
inhibition of purine nucleoside transport
positive regulation of purine nucleoside transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
activation of purine nucleoside transport
stimulation of purine nucleoside transport
upregulation of purine nucleoside transport
up regulation of purine nucleoside transport
up-regulation of purine nucleoside transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of adenosine transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of adenosine transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process in which a secretory granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
Any process in which a dense core granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
establishment of secretory granule localization
The directed movement of a secretory granule to a specific location.
establishment of secretory granule localisation
maintenance of secretory granule location
Any process in which a secretory granule is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of secretory granule localization
establishment of dense core granule localization
The directed movement of a dense core granule to a specific location.
establishment of dense core granule localisation
establishment of dense core vesicle localization
maintenance of dense core granule location
Any process in which a dense core granule is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of dense core granule localization
maintenance of dense core vesicle location
cytoplasm to vacuole transport by the Cvt pathway
A cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway that uses machinery common with autophagy. The Cvt vesicle is formed when the receptor protein, Atg19, binds to the complexes of the target protein (aminopeptidase or alpha-mannosidase homododecamers), forming the Cvt complex. Atg11 binds to Atg9 and transports the Cvt complex to the pre-autophagosome (PAS). The phagophore membrane expands around the Cvt complex (excluding bulk cytoplasm) forming the Cvt vesicle. This pathway is mostly observed in yeast.
The process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule.
response to jasmonic acid stimulus involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus received in the context of the jasmonic acid- and ethylene (ethene)-dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.
response to jasmonic acid stimulus during jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
Any process which produces a purine nucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
Any process which produces a pyrimidine nucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
Any process which produces guanosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
Any process which produces inosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
Any process which produces xanthosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate binding
Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' position.
phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate binding
Catalysis of the ligation of lysine onto the cytidine residue present at the wobble position (usually position 34) of an AUA-specific isoleucine tRNA, to form the derivative lysidine. This modification converts both the codon specificity of tRNA(Ile) from AUG to AUA and its amino acid specificity from methionine to isoleucine.
tRNA(Ile)-2-lysyl-cytidine synthase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers.
negative regulation of protein polymerization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers.
downregulation of protein polymerization
down regulation of protein polymerization
down-regulation of protein polymerization
positive regulation of protein polymerization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers.
The regulated release of a gonadotropin, any hormone that stimulates the gonads, especially follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.
The regulated release of luteinizing hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.
negative regulation of gonadotropin secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.
downregulation of gonadotropin secretion
down regulation of gonadotropin secretion
down-regulation of gonadotropin secretion
negative regulation of gonadotrophin secretion
positive regulation of gonadotropin secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.
positive regulation of gonadotrophin secretion
A type of synapse occurring between an axon and a dendritic spine or dendritic shaft. Asymmetric synapses, the most abundant synapse type in the central nervous system, involve axons that contain predominantly spherical vesicles and contain a thickened postsynaptic density. Most or all synapses of this type are excitatory.
A synapse that lacks an electron dense postsynaptic specialization. In vertebtrates, these occur primarily on dendrite shafts and neuronal cell bodies and involve persynapses containing clusters of predominantly flattened or elongated vesicles and are typcially inhibitory.
An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. The AMPA receptors mediate fast synaptic transmission in the CNS and are composed of subunits GluR1-4, products from separate genes. These subunits have an extracellular N-terminus and an intracellular C-terminus.
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid selective glutamate receptor complex
AMPA-selective glutamate receptor complex
An acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex located in the stroma of a plastid.
An acetate CoA-transferase complex located in the stroma of a plastid.
obsolete plastid biotin carboxylase complex
OBSOLETE. A biotin carboxylase complex located in the stroma of a plastid.
The process in which a non-myelinating glial cell membrane closes around an axon.
central nervous system myelin maintenance
The process in which the structure and material content of mature central nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state.
myelin maintenance in central nervous system
peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance
The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state.
myelin maintenance in peripheral nervous system
The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon in the central or peripheral nervous system.
The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by an oligodendrocyte in the central nervous system.
myelin formation in central nervous system
peripheral nervous system myelin formation
The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.
myelin formation in peripheral nervous system
axon ensheathment in central nervous system
The process in which a glial cell membrane closes around an axon in the central nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction.
ensheathment of axons in central nervous system
peripheral nervous system axon ensheathment
The process in which a Schwann cell membrane closes around an axon in the peripheral nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction.
ensheathment of axons in peripheral nervous system
non-myelinated axon ensheathment in central nervous system
The process in which a non-myelinating glial cell membrane encircles an axon in the central nervous system.
ensheathment of non-myelinated axons in central nervous system
peripheral nervous system non-myelinated axon ensheathment
The process in which a non-myelinating Schwann cell membrane encircles an axon in the peripheral nervous system. A single non-myelinating Schwann cell will typically associate with multiple axons.
ensheathment of non-myelinated axons in peripheral nervous system
The process in which satellite glial cells isolate neuronal cell bodies.
double-stranded RNA-specific ribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in double-stranded RNA molecules.
double-stranded RNA-specific RNase activity
negative regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication.
downregulation of DNA replication initiation
down regulation of DNA replication initiation
down-regulation of DNA replication initiation
inhibition of DNA replication initiation
negative regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation
negative regulation of DNA replication initiation
positive regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication.
activation of DNA replication initiation
positive regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation
stimulation of DNA replication initiation
upregulation of DNA replication initiation
up regulation of DNA replication initiation
up-regulation of DNA replication initiation
A protein complex that possesses ribonuclease H activity, in which the catalytic subunit is a member of the RNase H2 (or HII) class. For example, in Saccharomyces the complex contains Rnh201p, Rnh202p and Rnh203p.
Any complex formed of proteins that act in mismatch repair.
A heterodimer involved in the recognition and repair of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH6.
A heterodimer involved in binding to and correcting insertion/deletion mutations. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH3.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell.
negative regulation of icosanoid secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell.
negative regulation of eicosanoid secretion
positive regulation of icosanoid secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell.
positive regulation of eicosanoid secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.
negative regulation of prostaglandin secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.
downregulation of prostaglandin secretion
down regulation of prostaglandin secretion
down-regulation of prostaglandin secretion
negative regulation of prostacyclin secretion
positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.
positive regulation of prostacyclin secretion
up regulation of prostaglandin secretion
up-regulation of prostaglandin secretion
The controlled release of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids from a cell or a tissue.
The regulated release of a prostaglandin, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring, from a cell or a tissue.
A stable heterodimer of angiogenin and placental ribonuclease inhibitor; interaction between angiogenin and PRI prevents angiogenin binding to its receptor to stimulate angiogenesis.
angiogenin-placental ribonuclease inhibitor complex
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipoate.
molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
Mo-molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
W-molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
The directed movement of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of L-serine, 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.
negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.
downregulation of chondrocyte differentiation
down regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
down-regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
inhibition of chondrocyte differentiation
positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.
activation of chondrocyte differentiation
stimulation of chondrocyte differentiation
upregulation of chondrocyte differentiation
up regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
up-regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
The regulated release of activin, a nonsteroidal regulator composed of two covalently linked beta subunits, which is synthesized in the pituitary gland and gonads and stimulates the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone.
The regulated release of an inhibin, either of two glycoproteins (designated A and B), secreted by the gonads and present in seminal plasma and follicular fluid, that inhibit pituitary production of follicle-stimulating hormone.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell.
negative regulation of activin secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell.
positive regulation of activin secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell.
negative regulation of inhibin secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell.
positive regulation of inhibin secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.
regulation of aldosterone metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone.
negative regulation of aldosterone metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone.
downregulation of aldosterone metabolic process
down regulation of aldosterone metabolic process
down-regulation of aldosterone metabolic process
inhibition of aldosterone metabolic process
negative regulation of aldosterone metabolism
positive regulation of aldosterone metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone.
activation of aldosterone metabolic process
positive regulation of aldosterone metabolism
stimulation of aldosterone metabolic process
upregulation of aldosterone metabolic process
up regulation of aldosterone metabolic process
up-regulation of aldosterone metabolic process
regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone.
negative regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone.
downregulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
down regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
down-regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
inhibition of aldosterone biosynthetic process
positive regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone.
activation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
stimulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
upregulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
up regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
up-regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.
negative regulation of hormone metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.
downregulation of hormone metabolic process
down regulation of hormone metabolic process
down-regulation of hormone metabolic process
negative regulation of hormone metabolism
positive regulation of hormone metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.
positive regulation of hormone metabolism
stimulation of hormone metabolic process
upregulation of hormone metabolic process
up regulation of hormone metabolic process
up-regulation of hormone metabolic process
negative regulation of hormone biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.
downregulation of hormone biosynthetic process
down regulation of hormone biosynthetic process
down-regulation of hormone biosynthetic process
inhibition of hormone biosynthetic process
response to follicle-stimulating hormone
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.
response to follicle stimulating hormone stimulus
response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.
Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized residue.
Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized purine residue.
Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized pyrimidine residue.
oxidized pyrimidine nucleobase DNA binding
The molecular events that lead to the excision of a viral genome from the host genome.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of FAD, the oxidized form of flavin-adenine dinucleotide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of FMN, riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate), a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of oxygen within a cell.
The directed movement of lipids within cells.
The directed movement of sterols within cells.
The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, within cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of cholesterol transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
down regulation of cholesterol transport
down-regulation of cholesterol transport
positive regulation of cholesterol transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of intracellular lipid transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.
negative regulation of intracellular lipid transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.
downregulation of intracellular lipid transport
down regulation of intracellular lipid transport
down-regulation of intracellular lipid transport
inhibition of intracellular lipid transport
positive regulation of intracellular lipid transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.
activation of intracellular lipid transport
stimulation of intracellular lipid transport
upregulation of intracellular lipid transport
up regulation of intracellular lipid transport
up-regulation of intracellular lipid transport
regulation of intracellular sterol transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells.
negative regulation of intracellular sterol transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells.
downregulation of intracellular sterol transport
down regulation of intracellular sterol transport
down-regulation of intracellular sterol transport
inhibition of intracellular sterol transport
positive regulation of intracellular sterol transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells.
activation of intracellular sterol transport
stimulation of intracellular sterol transport
upregulation of intracellular sterol transport
up regulation of intracellular sterol transport
up-regulation of intracellular sterol transport
regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.
negative regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.
downregulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
down regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
down-regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
inhibition of intracellular cholesterol transport
positive regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.
activation of intracellular cholesterol transport
stimulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
upregulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
up regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
up-regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.
negative regulation of intracellular transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.
downregulation of intracellular transport
down regulation of intracellular transport
down-regulation of intracellular transport
positive regulation of intracellular transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.
up regulation of intracellular transport
up-regulation of intracellular transport
A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MLH1 and PMS2.
A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MLH1 and PMS1.
The portion of the photoreceptor cell cilium linking the photoreceptor inner and outer segments. It's considered to be equivalent to the ciliary transition zone.
The process in which a transformation is induced in the geometry of a DNA double helix, resulting in a change in twist, writhe, or both, but with no change in linking number. Includes the unwinding of double-stranded DNA by helicases.
Combining with an MHC class I protein complex to initiate a change in cellular activity. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
Combining with an MHC class Ib protein complex and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.
Combining with an MHC class II protein complex and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity
Combining with a MHC class I protein complex to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.
activating MHC class I receptor activity
Combining with a MHC class I protein complex to mediate signaling that activates a lymphocyte.
A transmembrane protein complex composed of a MHC class Ib alpha chain and, in most cases, an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide or lipid antigen. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.
Binding to a HECT, 'Homologous to the E6-AP Carboxy-Terminus', domain of a protein.
Any process in which a melanosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
establishment of melanosome localization
The directed movement of a melanosome to a specific location.
establishment of melanosome localisation
The directed movement of melanosomes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Binding to a MutLalpha mismatch repair complex.
Binding to a MutLbeta mismatch repair complex.
Binding to a MutSalpha mismatch repair complex.
Binding to a MutSbeta mismatch repair complex.
Any process that modulates the activity of a transporter.
negative regulation of transporter activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter.
positive regulation of transporter activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a transporter.
regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that modulates the activity of an ion transporter.
regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity
negative regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ion transporter.
downregulation of ion transporter activity
down regulation of ion transporter activity
down-regulation of ion transporter activity
negative regulation of ion transporter activity
positive regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an ion transporter.
positive regulation of ion transporter activity
upregulation of ion transporter activity
up regulation of ion transporter activity
up-regulation of ion transporter activity
regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity
Any process that modulates the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).
regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
negative regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).
downregulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
down regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
down-regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
inhibition of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
negative regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
positive regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).
activation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
positive regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
stimulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
upregulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
up regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
up-regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
Any process in which a lysosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
obsolete extrinsic component of lysosome membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of an lysosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
An actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory and vestibular hair cells and of neuromast cells. These protrusions are supported by a bundle of cross-linked actin filaments (an actin cable), oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex which bridges to the plasma. Bundles of stereocilia act as mechanosensory organelles.
A bundle of cross-linked stereocilia, arranged around a kinocilium on the apical surface of a sensory hair cell (e.g. a neuromast, auditory or vestibular hair cell). Stereocilium bundles act as mechanosensory organelles by responding to fluid motion or fluid pressure changes.
purine-rich negative regulatory element binding
Binding to a 30-bp purine-rich negative regulatory element; the best characterized such element is found in the first intronic region of the rat cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain gene, and contains two palindromic high-affinity Ets-binding sites (CTTCCCTGGAAG). The presence of this element restricts expression of the gene containing it to cardiac myocytes.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair.
A distinct compartment at the tip of a stereocilium, distal to the site of attachment to the apical cell surface. It consists of a dense matrix bridging the barbed ends of the stereocilium actin filaments with the overlying plasma membrane, is dynamic compared to the shaft, and is required for stereocilium elongation.
Binding to a GTPase protein binding domain (GDB) domain. The GBD is a short motif, including a minimum region of 16 amino acids, identified in proteins that bind to small GTPases such as Cdc42 and Rac.
Cdc42/Rac interactive binding motif binding
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminides.
Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.
positive regulation of phospholipase A2 activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.
stimulation of phospholipase A2 activity
upregulation of phospholipase A2 activity
up regulation of phospholipase A2 activity
up-regulation of phospholipase A2 activity
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme phospholipase A2.
An assembly of actin filaments that are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.
The end of a filopodium distal to the body of the cell.
regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
downregulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
down regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
down-regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
inhibition of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
activation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
stimulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
upregulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
up regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
up-regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
A dense network of actin filaments found beneath the apical cell surface of hair cells, and into which stereocilia are inserted.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a melanosome. A melanosome is a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.
Catalysis of the reaction: n-alkanal + NAD(P)+ = alk-2-enal + NAD(P)H + H+.
NAD(P)H-dependent alkenal/one oxidoreductase activity
n-alkanal:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pheophorbide a + reduced ferredoxin + 2 O2 = red chlorophyll catabolite + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O.
phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase activity
Catalysis of the NADPH-dependent 7-O-4' reduction of phenylcoumaran lignans to the corresponding diphenols; for example, catalysis of the reaction: dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol + NADPH + H+ = isodihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol + NADP+.
regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
A transcriptionally active complex that binds to an activin response element (ARE) in the promoter of target genes, and is composed of two SMAD2 proteins, one SMAD4 protein and a Forkhead activin signal transducer (FAST) transcription factor.
protein modification by small protein conjugation
A protein modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to a target protein.
Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein URM1 to another protein.
Binding to a DNA region containing a hairpin. A hairpin structure forms when a DNA strand folds back on itself and intrachain base pairing occurs between inverted repeat sequences.
A protein complex comprising Bcl10, MALT1 and a CARD domain-containing protein (CARD9, CARD10 or CARD11); plays a role in signal transduction during NF-kappaB activation.
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-maltose + H2O = 2 alpha-D-glucose.
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a substrate.
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a histone.
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.
histone demethylase activity (H3K4-specific)
histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific)
histone H3-methyl-lysine-4 demethylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.
histone demethylase activity (H3-K9 specific)
histone H3-methyl-lysine-9 demethylase activity
The generation of a mature nerve growth factor (NGF) by proteolysis of a precursor.
The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the plasma membrane, a trafficking pathway that promotes the recycling of internalized transmembrane proteins.
retrograde transport, endosome to plasma membrane
retrograde transport of endocytic vesicles
The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from peripheral endocytic compartments back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from deep (non-peripheral) compartments endocytic compartments back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.
negative regulation of protein oligomerization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.
downregulation of protein oligomerization
down regulation of protein oligomerization
down-regulation of protein oligomerization
positive regulation of protein oligomerization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.
up regulation of protein oligomerization
up-regulation of protein oligomerization
regulation of protein homooligomerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.
negative regulation of protein homooligomerization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.
downregulation of protein homooligomerization
down regulation of protein homooligomerization
down-regulation of protein homooligomerization
inhibition of protein homooligomerization
positive regulation of protein homooligomerization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.
activation of protein homooligomerization
induction of protein homooligomerization
stimulation of protein homooligomerization
upregulation of protein homooligomerization
up regulation of protein homooligomerization
up-regulation of protein homooligomerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells.
negative regulation of cell cycle cytokinesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells.
positive regulation of cell cycle cytokinesis
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the Golgi apparatus of a cell or between the Golgi and its surroundings.
Golgi calcium ion concentration regulation
regulation of calcium ion concentration in Golgi
regulation of Golgi calcium ion concentration
endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.
calcium ion homeostasis in endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration regulation
regulation of calcium ion concentration in endoplasmic reticulum
regulation of calcium ion concentration in ER
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
regulation of ER calcium ion concentration
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum.
elevation of calcium ion concentration in endoplasmic reticulum
elevation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
elevation of ER calcium ion concentration
endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration elevation
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum.
endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration reduction
reduction of calcium ion concentration in endoplasmic reticulum
reduction of calcium ion concentration in ER
reduction of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
reduction of ER calcium ion concentration
The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus.
cytoplasmic side of mitochondrial outer membrane
The external (cytoplasmic) face of the mitochondrial outer membrane.
cytosolic side of mitochondrial outer membrane
external leaflet of mitochondrial outer membrane
external side of mitochondrial outer membrane
The process in which the anatomical structures of an otolith are generated and organized.
The process that gives rise to an otolith. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
A complex that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis.
homodimeric decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex
A homodimeric complex that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis.
heterotetrameric decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex
A heterotetrameric complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. In S. pombe it is a heterotetramer of Dlp1 and Dps1.
regulation of type I interferon production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon type I production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
negative regulation of type I interferon production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
downregulation of type I interferon production
down regulation of type I interferon production
down-regulation of type I interferon production
inhibition of type I interferon production
negative regulation of type I IFN production
positive regulation of type I interferon production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
activation of type I interferon production
positive regulation of type I IFN production
stimulation of type I interferon production
upregulation of type I interferon production
up regulation of type I interferon production
up-regulation of type I interferon production
The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rab family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
regulation of Rab protein signal transduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rab protein signal transduction.
The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ral family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
regulation of Ral protein signal transduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ral protein signal transduction.
The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rap family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
regulation of Rap protein signal transduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rap protein signal transduction.
The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by the Cdc42 protein switching to a GTP-bound active state.
regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Cdc42 protein signal transduction.
detection of molecule of bacterial origin
The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of bacterial origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.
detection of bacteria associated molecule
detection of bacterial associated molecule
detection of bacterium associated molecule
The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of fungal origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.
detection of molecule of oomycetes origin
The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of oomycetes origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.
detection of oomycetes associated molecule
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
The series of events in which a lipopolysaccharide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
The series of events in which a muramyl dipeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.
The series of events in which a peptidoglycan stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a non-covalent manner, with muramyl dipeptide; muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.
Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function.
A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition.
The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.
reproduction of a single-celled organism
The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two single-celled organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.
A cellular process that is involved in cytokinesis (the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells).
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of protein localization in cell
The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating a region of unpaired single strands.
endosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway
The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the target compartment.
endosome transport via MVB sorting pathway
endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway
The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the lysosome.
endosome to lysosome transport via MVB sorting pathway
late endosome to vacuole transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway
The directed movement of substances from endosomes to vacuoles by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the vacuole.
endosome to vacuole transport via MVB sorting pathway
negative regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a phosphoprotein phosphatase.
downregulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
down regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
down-regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
downregulation of protein phosphatase 2 activity
down regulation of protein phosphatase 2 activity
downregulation of protein phosphatase 3 activity
down regulation of protein phosphatase 3 activity
downregulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
down regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
down-regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
downregulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
down regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
down-regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
inhibition of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
inhibition of protein phosphatase 2 activity
inhibition of protein phosphatase 3 activity
inhibition of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
inhibition of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
negative regulation of calcineurin activity
negative regulation of protein phosphatase 2 activity
negative regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
negative regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
regulation of protein phosphatase 3 activity
positive regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a phosphoprotein phosphatase.
activation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
activation of protein phosphatase 3 activity
activation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
activation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
positive regulation of calcineurin activity
positive regulation of protein phosphatase 2 activity
positive regulation of protein phosphatase 3 activity
positive regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
positive regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
stimulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
stimulation of protein phosphatase 2 activity
stimulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
stimulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
upregulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
up regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
up-regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
upregulation of protein phosphatase 2 activity
up regulation of protein phosphatase 2 activity
up-regulation of protein phosphatase 2 activity
up regulation of protein phosphatase 3 activity
upregulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
up regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
up-regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
upregulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
up regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
up-regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
A protein complex formed by the association of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) with calcineurin; complex formation is implicated in activation of calcineurin by SOD1.
silicon efflux transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of silicon from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of nutrients out of a cell or organelle.
somite rostral/caudal axis specification
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the rostro-caudal axis of a somite, prior to the morphological formation of a somite boundary.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.
The directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
protein export from endoplasmic reticulum
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus on a follicle cell. A microvillus is a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments.
follicle cell microvillus organization and biogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus.
regulation of microvillus organization and biogenesis
regulation of follicle cell microvillus organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus on a follicle cell.
regulation of follicle cell microvillus organisation
regulation of follicle cell microvillus organization and biogenesis
A process that modulates the length of a microvillus.
regulation of follicle cell microvillus length
A process that modulates the length of a microvillus on a follicle cell.
A process that modulates the formation of a microvillus.
A process that modulates the size of a cellular component.
A process that modulates the size of a cell projection.
The specific behavior of an organism that are associated with finding a host organism; may include behavioral responses to light, temperature, or chemical emanations from the prospective host.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any behavior associated with finding a host organism.
negative regulation of host-seeking behavior
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any behavior associated with finding a host organism.
down regulation of host-seeking behavior
down-regulation of host-seeking behavior
negative regulation of host-seeking behaviour
positive regulation of host-seeking behavior
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of any behavior associated with finding a host organism.
positive regulation of host-seeking behaviour
A cortical network of highly dynamic tubules that are juxtaposed to the plasma membrane and undergo ring closure and tubule-branching movements.
Catalysis of the reaction: peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxy-S-oxocysteine) + ATP + 2 R-SH = peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxycysteine) + ADP + phosphate + R-S-S-R.
peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxy-S-oxocysteine):thiol oxidoreductase [ATP-hydrolysing; peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxycysteine)-forming]
peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxy-S-oxocysteine) reductase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a mitochondrion. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the mitochondrion has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a plastid. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the plastid has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code.
A protein complex that is involved in the transcription of ribosomal genes. In Saccharomyces this complex consists of Ckb2p, Utp22p, Rrp7p and Ifh1p.
Binding to a deoxyribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked to deoxyribose.
Binding to a purine deoxyribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to deoxyribose.
Binding to a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to deoxyribose.
Binding to a ribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked to ribose.
Binding to a purine ribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to ribose.
Binding to a pyrimidine ribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to ribose.
Binding to a deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.
Binding to a ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.
Binding to a purine deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.
Binding to a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.
Binding to a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.
Binding to a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.
Binding to an adenyl deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.
Binding to an adenyl ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.
Binding to a guanyl deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.
Binding to a guanyl ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.
Binding to dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate.
Binding to dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate.
Binding to dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate.
Binding to dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate.
Binding to dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate.
Binding to dGTP, deoxyguanosine triphosphate.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menaquinone (vitamin K2) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phylloquinone (vitamin K1) stimulus.
Unwinding of an RNA helix in the 5' to 3' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
ATP-dependent 5'-3' RNA helicase activity
ATP-dependent 5' to 3' RNA helicase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a linoleoyl ((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl) group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
phosphatidylcholine:cardiolipin O-linoleoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a linoleoyl ((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl) group from phosphatidylcholine to an oxygen atom on a cardiolipin molecule.
phosphatidylcholine:cardiolipin linoleoyltransferase
The lipid bilayer surrounding an aleurone grain.
A fibrous network that is part of the hyalin layer extracellular matrix. The apical lamina is thought to be principally composed of the glycoproteins fibropellins. This matrix has been found in echinoderms.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.
A process of peroxisome organization in which assembly or arrangement of constituent parts takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum.
endoplasmic reticulum-dependent peroxisome organization
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a growth cone.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a multivesicular body.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a protein storage vacuole.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a ruffle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the trans-Golgi network.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a neuron projection.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a dendrite.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a dendritic spine.
obsolete integral component of mitochondrial membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the mitochondrial membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
A small membrane-bounded vesicle that releases its contents by exocytosis in response to insulin stimulation; the contents are enriched in GLUT4, IRAP and VAMP2.
The directed movement of a protein from one location to another within a lipid bilayer.
B cell receptor transport within lipid bilayer
The directed movement of a B cell receptor within a lipid bilayer.
B cell receptor translocation within membrane
The directed movement of a protein into a membrane raft. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.
protein translocation into membrane raft
receptor translocation into membrane raft
B cell receptor transport into membrane raft
The directed movement of a B cell receptor into a membrane raft.
B cell receptor translocation into membrane raft
B cell receptor transport into lipid raft
B cell receptor transport into immunological synapse
The directed movement of a B cell receptor into an immunological synapse.
B cell receptor translocation into immunological synapse
BCR translocation into immunological synapse
BCR transport into immunological synapse
The directed movement of a protein out of a membrane raft. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.
protein translocation out of membrane raft
receptor translocation out of membrane raft
chemokine receptor transport out of membrane raft
The directed movement of a chemokine receptor out of a membrane raft.
chemokine receptor translocation out of membrane raft
chemokine receptor transport out of lipid raft
connective tissue growth factor production
The appearance of connective tissue growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24 production
The appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.
The appearance of fractalkine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
The appearance of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor production
The appearance of hepatocyte growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
The appearance of type I interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
The appearance of interferon-alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-beta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
The appearance of interleukin-1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
The appearance of interleukin-1 beta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-10 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-11 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-12 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-13 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
OBSOLETE. The appearance of interleukin-14 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-15 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-16 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 8 production
The appearance of interleukin-18 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-19 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-20 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-21 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-22 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-23 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-24 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-25 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-26 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-27 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-3 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-6 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-7 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-8 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of TRAIL due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of tumor necrosis factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Tumor necrosis factor is an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.
tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.
regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process
regulation of connective tissue growth factor production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of connective tissue growth factor production.
regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
regulation of hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of fractalkine production.
regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process
regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor production
regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of hepatocyte growth factor production.
regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
regulation of interferon-alpha production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.
regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
regulation of interferon-alpha secretion
regulation of interferon-beta production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production.
regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
regulation of type II interferon production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
regulation of interferon-gamma production
regulation of interferon-gamma secretion
regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 alpha production.
regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
regulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion
regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production.
regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process
regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production.
regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.
regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-11 production.
regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.
regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production.
regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process
obsolete regulation of interleukin-14 production
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-14 production.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-15 production.
regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-16 production.
regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
regulation of Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 8 secretion
regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production.
regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-19 production.
regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.
regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-20 production.
regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-21 production.
regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-22 production.
regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.
regulation of IL-23 biosynthetic process
regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthesis
regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-24 production.
regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-25 production.
regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-26 production.
regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-27 production.
regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-3 production.
regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production.
regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production.
regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-7 production.
regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.
regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-9 production.
regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of TRAIL production.
regulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process
regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production
regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
regulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphotoxin A production.
regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
regulation of lymphotoxin-alpha production
regulation of tumor necrosis factor-beta production
negative regulation of chemokine production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.
negative regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process
negative regulation of chemokine secretion
negative regulation of connective tissue growth factor production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of connective tissue growth factor production.
downregulation of connective tissue growth factor production
down regulation of connective tissue growth factor production
down-regulation of connective tissue growth factor production
inhibition of connective tissue growth factor production
negative regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
negative regulation of Fisp12 production
negative regulation of hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24 production
negative regulation of IGFBP8 production
negative regulation of fractalkine production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of fractalkine production.
downregulation of fractalkine production
down regulation of fractalkine production
down-regulation of fractalkine production
negative regulation of CX3CL1 biosynthesis
negative regulation of CX3CL1 production
negative regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process
negative regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
downregulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
down regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
down-regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
inhibition of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
negative regulation of GM-CSF production
negative regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
negative regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor production
negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of hepatocyte growth factor production.
downregulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
down regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
down-regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor production
negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
negative regulation of scatter factor production
negative regulation of interferon-alpha production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.
downregulation of interferon-alpha production
down regulation of interferon-alpha production
down-regulation of interferon-alpha production
inhibition of interferon-alpha production
negative regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interferon-alpha secretion
negative regulation of interferon-beta production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production.
downregulation of interferon-beta production
down regulation of interferon-beta production
down-regulation of interferon-beta production
inhibition of interferon-beta production
negative regulation of IFN-beta production
negative regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interferon-beta secretion
negative regulation of type II interferon production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
downregulation of interferon-gamma production
down regulation of interferon-gamma production
down-regulation of interferon-gamma production
inhibition of interferon-gamma production
negative regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interferon-gamma production
negative regulation of interferon-gamma secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 alpha production.
downregulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
down regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
down-regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
inhibition of interleukin-1 alpha production
negative regulation of IL-1 alpha production
negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production.
downregulation of interleukin-1 beta production
down regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
down-regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
inhibition of interleukin-1 beta production
negative regulation of IL-1 beta production
negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-1 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production.
downregulation of interleukin-1 production
down regulation of interleukin-1 production
down-regulation of interleukin-1 production
negative regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-1 secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-10 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.
downregulation of interleukin-10 production
down regulation of interleukin-10 production
down-regulation of interleukin-10 production
negative regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-10 secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-11 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-11 production.
downregulation of interleukin-11 production
down regulation of interleukin-11 production
down-regulation of interleukin-11 production
negative regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-11 secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-12 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.
downregulation of interleukin-12 production
down regulation of interleukin-12 production
down-regulation of interleukin-12 production
negative regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-12 secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-13 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production.
downregulation of interleukin-13 production
down regulation of interleukin-13 production
down-regulation of interleukin-13 production
negative regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-13 secretion
obsolete negative regulation of interleukin-14 production
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-14 production.
negative regulation of interleukin-15 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-15 production.
downregulation of interleukin-15 production
down regulation of interleukin-15 production
down-regulation of interleukin-15 production
negative regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-16 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-16 production.
downregulation of interleukin-16 production
down regulation of interleukin-16 production
down-regulation of interleukin-16 production
negative regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-17 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
downregulation of interleukin-17 production
down regulation of interleukin-17 production
negative regulation of CTLA-8 production
negative regulation of Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 8 secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-17 secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-18 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production.
downregulation of interleukin-18 production
down regulation of interleukin-18 production
down-regulation of interleukin-18 production
negative regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-18 secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-19 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-19 production.
downregulation of interleukin-19 production
down regulation of interleukin-19 production
down-regulation of interleukin-19 production
negative regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-2 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.
downregulation of interleukin-2 production
down regulation of interleukin-2 production
down-regulation of interleukin-2 production
negative regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-2 secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-20 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-20 production.
downregulation of interleukin-20 production
down regulation of interleukin-20 production
down-regulation of interleukin-20 production
negative regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-21 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-21 production.
downregulation of interleukin-21 production
down regulation of interleukin-21 production
down-regulation of interleukin-21 production
negative regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-22 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-22 production.
downregulation of interleukin-22 production
down regulation of interleukin-22 production
down-regulation of interleukin-22 production
negative regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-23 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.
downregulation of interleukin-23 production
down regulation of interleukin-23 production
down-regulation of interleukin-23 production
negative regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-24 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-24 production.
downregulation of interleukin-24 production
down regulation of interleukin-24 production
down-regulation of interleukin-24 production
negative regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-25 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-25 production.
downregulation of interleukin-25 production
down regulation of interleukin-25 production
down-regulation of interleukin-25 production
negative regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-25 secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-26 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-26 production.
downregulation of interleukin-26 production
down regulation of interleukin-26 production
down-regulation of interleukin-26 production
negative regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-27 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-27 production.
downregulation of interleukin-27 production
down regulation of interleukin-27 production
down-regulation of interleukin-27 production
negative regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-3 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-3 production.
downregulation of interleukin-3 production
down regulation of interleukin-3 production
down-regulation of interleukin-3 production
negative regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-4 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production.
downregulation of interleukin-4 production
down regulation of interleukin-4 production
down-regulation of interleukin-4 production
negative regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-4 secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-5 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production.
downregulation of interleukin-5 production
down regulation of interleukin-5 production
down-regulation of interleukin-5 production
negative regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-5 secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-6 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
downregulation of interleukin-6 production
down regulation of interleukin-6 production
down-regulation of interleukin-6 production
negative regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-6 secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-7 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-7 production.
downregulation of interleukin-7 production
down regulation of interleukin-7 production
down-regulation of interleukin-7 production
negative regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-7 secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-8 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.
downregulation of interleukin-8 production
down regulation of interleukin-8 production
down-regulation of interleukin-8 production
negative regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-8 secretion
negative regulation of interleukin-9 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-9 production.
downregulation of interleukin-9 production
down regulation of interleukin-9 production
down-regulation of interleukin-9 production
negative regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of TRAIL production.
negative regulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
downregulation of tumor necrosis factor production
down regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
inhibition of tumor necrosis factor production
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion
negative regulation TNF-alpha production
negative regulation tumor necrosis factor-alpha production
negative regulation of lymphotoxin A production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphotoxin A production.
downregulation of lymphotoxin A production
down regulation of lymphotoxin A production
down-regulation of lymphotoxin A production
negative regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
negative regulation of lymphotoxin-alpha production
negative regulation of TNF-beta production
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-beta production
positive regulation of chemokine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.
positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process
positive regulation of chemokine secretion
positive regulation of connective tissue growth factor production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of connective tissue growth factor production.
activation of connective tissue growth factor production
positive regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
positive regulation of Fisp12 production
positive regulation of hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24 production
positive regulation of IGFBP8 production
stimulation of connective tissue growth factor production
upregulation of connective tissue growth factor production
up regulation of connective tissue growth factor production
up-regulation of connective tissue growth factor production
positive regulation of fractalkine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fractalkine production.
positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
activation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
positive regulation of GM-CSF production
positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor production
stimulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
upregulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
up regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
up-regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of hepatocyte growth factor production.
activation of hepatocyte growth factor production
positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
positive regulation of scatter factor production
stimulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
upregulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
up regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
up-regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
positive regulation of interferon-alpha production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.
activation of interferon-alpha production
positive regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interferon-alpha secretion
stimulation of interferon-alpha production
upregulation of interferon-alpha production
up regulation of interferon-alpha production
up-regulation of interferon-alpha production
positive regulation of interferon-beta production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production.
activation of interferon-beta production
positive regulation of IFN-beta production
positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interferon-beta secretion
stimulation of interferon-beta production
upregulation of interferon-beta production
up regulation of interferon-beta production
up-regulation of interferon-beta production
positive regulation of type II interferon production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
activation of interferon-gamma production
positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interferon-gamma production
positive regulation of interferon-gamma secretion
stimulation of interferon-gamma production
upregulation of interferon-gamma production
up regulation of interferon-gamma production
up-regulation of interferon-gamma production
positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 alpha production.
activation of interleukin-1 alpha production
positive regulation of IL-1 alpha production
positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion
stimulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
upregulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
up regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
up-regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production.
activation of interleukin-1 beta production
positive regulation of IL-1 beta production
positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
stimulation of interleukin-1 beta production
upregulation of interleukin-1 beta production
up regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
up-regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
positive regulation of interleukin-1 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-1 secretion
upregulation of interleukin-1 production
up regulation of interleukin-1 production
up-regulation of interleukin-1 production
positive regulation of interleukin-10 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-10 secretion
stimulation of interleukin-10 production
upregulation of interleukin-10 production
up regulation of interleukin-10 production
up-regulation of interleukin-10 production
positive regulation of interleukin-11 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-11 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-11 secretion
stimulation of interleukin-11 production
upregulation of interleukin-11 production
up regulation of interleukin-11 production
up-regulation of interleukin-11 production
positive regulation of interleukin-12 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-12 secretion
stimulation of interleukin-12 production
upregulation of interleukin-12 production
up regulation of interleukin-12 production
up-regulation of interleukin-12 production
positive regulation of interleukin-13 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-13 secretion
stimulation of interleukin-13 production
upregulation of interleukin-13 production
up regulation of interleukin-13 production
up-regulation of interleukin-13 production
obsolete positive regulation of interleukin-14 production
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-14 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-15 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-15 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process
stimulation of interleukin-15 production
upregulation of interleukin-15 production
up regulation of interleukin-15 production
up-regulation of interleukin-15 production
positive regulation of interleukin-16 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-16 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process
stimulation of interleukin-16 production
upregulation of interleukin-16 production
up regulation of interleukin-16 production
up-regulation of interleukin-16 production
positive regulation of interleukin-17 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
positive regulation of CTLA-8 production
positive regulation of Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 8 production
positive regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-17 secretion
stimulation of interleukin-17 production
upregulation of interleukin-17 production
up regulation of interleukin-17 production
up-regulation of interleukin-17 production
positive regulation of interleukin-18 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-18 secretion
stimulation of interleukin-18 production
upregulation of interleukin-18 production
up regulation of interleukin-18 production
up-regulation of interleukin-18 production
positive regulation of interleukin-19 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-19 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process
stimulation of interleukin-19 production
upregulation of interleukin-19 production
up regulation of interleukin-19 production
up-regulation of interleukin-19 production
positive regulation of interleukin-2 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-2 secretion
upregulation of interleukin-2 production
up regulation of interleukin-2 production
up-regulation of interleukin-2 production
positive regulation of interleukin-20 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-20 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process
stimulation of interleukin-20 production
upregulation of interleukin-20 production
up regulation of interleukin-20 production
up-regulation of interleukin-20 production
positive regulation of interleukin-21 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-21 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process
stimulation of interleukin-21 production
upregulation of interleukin-21 production
up regulation of interleukin-21 production
up-regulation of interleukin-21 production
positive regulation of interleukin-22 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-22 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process
stimulation of interleukin-22 production
upregulation of interleukin-22 production
up regulation of interleukin-22 production
up-regulation of interleukin-22 production
positive regulation of interleukin-23 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process
stimulation of interleukin-23 production
upregulation of interleukin-23 production
up regulation of interleukin-23 production
up-regulation of interleukin-23 production
positive regulation of interleukin-24 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-24 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process
stimulation of interleukin-24 production
upregulation of interleukin-24 production
up regulation of interleukin-24 production
up-regulation of interleukin-24 production
positive regulation of interleukin-25 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-25 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-25 secretion
stimulation of interleukin-25 production
upregulation of interleukin-25 production
up regulation of interleukin-25 production
up-regulation of interleukin-25 production
positive regulation of interleukin-26 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-26 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process
stimulation of interleukin-26 production
upregulation of interleukin-26 production
up regulation of interleukin-26 production
up-regulation of interleukin-26 production
positive regulation of interleukin-27 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-27 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-27 anabolism
positive regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process
stimulation of interleukin-27 production
upregulation of interleukin-27 production
up regulation of interleukin-27 production
up-regulation of interleukin-27 production
positive regulation of interleukin-3 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-3 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
upregulation of interleukin-3 production
up regulation of interleukin-3 production
up-regulation of interleukin-3 production
positive regulation of interleukin-4 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-4 secretion
upregulation of interleukin-4 production
up regulation of interleukin-4 production
up-regulation of interleukin-4 production
positive regulation of interleukin-5 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-5 secretion
upregulation of interleukin-5 production
up regulation of interleukin-5 production
up-regulation of interleukin-5 production
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-6 secretion
upregulation of interleukin-6 production
up regulation of interleukin-6 production
up-regulation of interleukin-6 production
positive regulation of interleukin-7 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-7 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-7 secretion
upregulation of interleukin-7 production
up regulation of interleukin-7 production
up-regulation of interleukin-7 production
positive regulation of interleukin-8 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of interleukin-8 secretion
upregulation of interleukin-8 production
up regulation of interleukin-8 production
up-regulation of interleukin-8 production
positive regulation of interleukin-9 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-9 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process
upregulation of interleukin-9 production
up regulation of interleukin-9 production
up-regulation of interleukin-9 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of TRAIL production.
positive regulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
activation of tumor necrosis factor production
positive regulation of cachectin secretion
positive regulation of TNF-alpha production
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthesis
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor formation
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion
stimulation of tumor necrosis factor production
upregulation of tumor necrosis factor production
up regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
positive regulation of lymphotoxin A production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphotoxin A production.
positive regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
positive regulation of lymphotoxin-alpha production
positive regulation of TNF-beta production
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-beta production
upregulation of lymphotoxin A production
up regulation of lymphotoxin A production
up-regulation of lymphotoxin A production
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a mast cell.
regulation of mast cell cytokine production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell cytokine production.
negative regulation of mast cell cytokine production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell cytokine production.
downregulation of mast cell cytokine production
down regulation of mast cell cytokine production
down-regulation of mast cell cytokine production
inhibition of mast cell cytokine production
positive regulation of mast cell cytokine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell cytokine production.
activation of mast cell cytokine production
stimulation of mast cell cytokine production
upregulation of mast cell cytokine production
up regulation of mast cell cytokine production
up-regulation of mast cell cytokine production
A heterotrimeric protein complex formed by the association of NHE3, E3KARP and alpha-actinin upon an increase in calcium ion concentration; found in clusters localized on plasma membrane and in intracellular compartments.
Binding to a protein or protein complex, in the presence of copper.
Any process that modulates the activity of a monooxygenase.
negative regulation of monooxygenase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a monooxygenase.
downregulation of monooxygenase activity
down regulation of monooxygenase activity
down-regulation of monooxygenase activity
positive regulation of monooxygenase activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a monooxygenase.
Any process that modulates the activity of a tyrosinase enzyme.
regulation of monophenol monooxygenase activity
regulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
negative regulation of tyrosinase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a tyrosinase enzyme.
downregulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
down regulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
down-regulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
inhibition of monophenol oxygenase activity
negative regulation of monophenol monooxygenase activity
negative regulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
positive regulation of tyrosinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a tyrosinase enzyme monophenol oxygenase.
activation of monophenol oxygenase activity
positive regulation of monophenol monooxygenase activity
positive regulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
stimulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
upregulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
up regulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
up-regulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication.
double-stranded RNA biosynthetic process
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to N-6 of adenine in a DNA molecule.
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of cytosine in a DNA molecule.
Piccolo NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex
A heterotrimeric H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex with a substrate preference of chromatin over free histones. It contains a subset of the proteins found in the larger NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex; for example, the S. cerevisiae complex contains Esa1p, Yng2p, and Epl1p.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cobalt(out) = ADP + phosphate + cobalt(in).
ATPase-coupled cobalt transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent cobalt transmembrane transporter activity
negative regulation of ATP-dependent activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of an ATP-dependent activity.
negative regulation of adenosinetriphosphatase activity
positive regulation of ATP-dependent activity
Any process that activates or increases the rate of an ATP-dependent activity.
positive regulation of adenosinetriphosphatase activity
The regulated release of bile acid, composed of any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, by a cell or a tissue.
A transcription elongation factor complex that increases the overall rate of RNA polymerase II transcription elongation by suppressing transient polymerase pausing. At minimum, the complex contains a transcription factor of the ELL family, an EAF protein, and an AFF family protein or distant relative and most likely also P-TEFb and AF9 or ENL. The complex is conserved from yeast to humans. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe it contains Ell1, Eaf1, and Ebp1, but it is absent from S. cerevisiae.
regulation of DNA-templated transcription elongation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
regulation of DNA-dependent transcription, elongation
regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation
regulation of transcriptional elongation
regulation of transcription elongation, DNA-dependent
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
negative regulation of DNA-dependent transcription, elongation
negative regulation of transcriptional elongation
negative regulation of transcription elongation
negative regulation of transcription elongation, DNA-dependent
negative transcription elongation regulator activity
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
positive regulation of DNA-dependent transcription, elongation
positive regulation of transcriptional elongation
positive regulation of transcription elongation
positive regulation of transcription elongation, DNA-dependent
positive transcription elongation regulator activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-).
saturated monocarboxylic acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving saturated monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-) and fully saturated C-C bonds.
saturated monocarboxylate metabolic process
saturated monocarboxylic acid metabolism
unsaturated monocarboxylic acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-) and one or more unsaturated C-C bonds.
unsaturated monocarboxylate metabolic process
unsaturated monocarboxylic acid metabolism
The disaggregation of a ribosome into its constituent components; includes the dissociation of ribosomal subunits.
negative regulation of CREB transcription factor activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the transcription factor CREB.
positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor CREB.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a uropod, a rigid membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a lymphocyte or other cell in the process of migrating or being activated.
A protein complex that contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and at least eight additional integral components, including the Gemin2-8 and Unrip proteins; the complex is found in the cytoplasm and in nuclear Gems, and is involved in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm and in pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus.
A conserved DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains two Swi5 monomers and one Sfr1 monomer in Schizosaccharomyces, or orthologs thereof (e.g. Sae3p and Mei5p in Saccharomyces).
low-density lipoprotein receptor particle metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving low-density lipoprotein receptors.
low-density lipoprotein receptor metabolic process
low-density lipoprotein receptor metabolism
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a low-density lipoprotein particle receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
low-density lipoprotein receptor breakdown
low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolism
low-density lipoprotein receptor degradation
regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor breakdown
regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolism
regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor degradation
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
down regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
down-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
inhibition of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor breakdown
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolism
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor degradation
positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
activation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor breakdown
positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolism
positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor degradation
stimulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
upregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
up regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
carboxy-terminal domain protein kinase complex
A protein complex that phosphorylates amino acid residues of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain repeats; phosphorylation occurs mainly on Ser2 and Ser5.
A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that contains DNA ligase IV and is involved in DNA repair by non-homologous end joining; in addition to the ligase, the complex also contains XRCC4 or a homolog, e.g. Saccharomyces Lif1p.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lacrimal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lacrimal gland produces secretions that lubricate and protect the cornea of the eye.
The plasma membrane of a neuron cell body - excludes the plasma membrane of cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
Binding to a sterol response element (SRE), a nonpalindromic sequence found in the promoters of genes involved in lipid metabolism.
negative regulation of epinephrine secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.
down regulation of epinephrine secretion
down-regulation of epinephrine secretion
negative regulation of adrenaline secretion
positive regulation of epinephrine secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.
positive regulation of adrenaline secretion
tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily binding
Binding to a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily.
regulation of natural killer cell activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.
negative regulation of natural killer cell activation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.
downregulation of natural killer cell activation
down regulation of natural killer cell activation
down-regulation of natural killer cell activation
inhibition of natural killer cell activation
negative regulation of NK cell activation
positive regulation of natural killer cell activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.
activation of natural killer cell activation
positive regulation of NK cell activation
stimulation of natural killer cell activation
upregulation of natural killer cell activation
up regulation of natural killer cell activation
up-regulation of natural killer cell activation
regulation of natural killer cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.
negative regulation of natural killer cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.
downregulation of natural killer cell proliferation
down regulation of natural killer cell proliferation
down-regulation of natural killer cell proliferation
inhibition of natural killer cell proliferation
negative regulation of NK cell proliferation
positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.
activation of natural killer cell proliferation
positive regulation of NK cell proliferation
stimulation of natural killer cell proliferation
upregulation of natural killer cell proliferation
up regulation of natural killer cell proliferation
up-regulation of natural killer cell proliferation
regulation of natural killer cell proliferation involved in immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation as part of an immune response.
regulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
regulation of NK cell proliferation during immune response
negative regulation of natural killer cell proliferation involved in immune response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation as part of an immune response.
downregulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
down regulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
down-regulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
inhibition of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
negative regulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
negative regulation of NK cell proliferation during immune response
positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation involved in immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation as part of an immune response.
activation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
positive regulation of NK cell proliferation during immune response
stimulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
upregulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
up regulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
up-regulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
regulation of natural killer cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.
regulation of natural killer cell development
negative regulation of natural killer cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.
downregulation of natural killer cell differentiation
down regulation of natural killer cell differentiation
down-regulation of natural killer cell differentiation
inhibition of natural killer cell differentiation
negative regulation of natural killer cell development
negative regulation of NK cell differentiation
positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.
activation of natural killer cell differentiation
positive regulation of natural killer cell development
positive regulation of NK cell differentiation
stimulation of natural killer cell differentiation
upregulation of natural killer cell differentiation
up regulation of natural killer cell differentiation
up-regulation of natural killer cell differentiation
regulation of natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation as part of an immune response.
regulation of natural killer cell development involved in immune response
regulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
regulation of NK cell differentiation during immune response
negative regulation of natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation as part of an immune response.
downregulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
down regulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
down-regulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
inhibition of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
negative regulation of natural killer cell development involved in immune response
negative regulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
negative regulation of NK cell differentiation during immune response
positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation as part of an immune response.
activation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
positive regulation of natural killer cell development involved in immune response
positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
positive regulation of NK cell differentiation during immune response
stimulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
upregulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
up regulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
up-regulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.
regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell development
regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation
regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.
downregulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
down regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
down-regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
inhibition of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell development
negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation
negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.
activation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell development
positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation
positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
stimulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
upregulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
up regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
up-regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response.
regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell development involved in immune response
regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation during immune response
regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response.
downregulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
down regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
down-regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
inhibition of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell development involved in immune response
negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation during immune response
negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response.
activation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell development involved in immune response
positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation during immune response
positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
stimulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
upregulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
up regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
up-regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
The progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. The glomerulus is part of the nephron and is restricted to one body segment.
glomerular basement membrane development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.
The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during a normally chiasmate meiosis under the condition that chiasma have not occurred between a particular pair of homologs. Distributive segregation is a backup mechanism to ensure the segregation of homologs that have failed to cross over - either as a consequence of mutation or not, as, for example, the 4th chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster (which never exchanges, presumably due to its small size) - but nevertheless segregate normally.
plasma membrane bounded cell projection cytoplasm
All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection.
All of the contents of a dendrite, excluding the surrounding plasma membrane.
intramolecular proline-rich ligand binding
Binding to a proline-rich region within the same polypeptide.
intramolecular proline-rich region binding
Binding to calcitonin, a peptide hormone responsible for reducing serum calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclastic bone reabsorption and promoting renal calcium excretion. It is synthesized and released by the C cells of the thyroid.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 RSH + ROOH = RSSR + ROH + H2O. This reaction is the thiol-dependent conversion of an organic hydroperoxide to the corresponding alcohol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.
regulation of intracellular acidification
regulation of intracellular pH reduction
negative regulation of cellular pH reduction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.
down regulation of cellular pH reduction
down-regulation of cellular pH reduction
negative regulation of cell pH reduction
negative regulation of cellular acidification
negative regulation of intracellular acidification
negative regulation of intracellular pH reduction
negative regulation of reduction of cellular pH
negative regulation of reduction of pH in cell
positive regulation of cellular pH reduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.
positive regulation of cell pH reduction
positive regulation of cellular acidification
positive regulation of intracellular acidification
positive regulation of intracellular pH reduction
positive regulation of reduction of cellular pH
positive regulation of reduction of pH in cell
A protein complex that links the endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and may have a role in promoting exchange of calcium and phospholipids between the two organelles.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylitol + NADP+ = D-xylose + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabitol + NADP+ = L-arabinose + NADPH + H+.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of karyogamy, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of membrane fusion.
regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.
regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK cascade
regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK signaling pathway
regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK signalling pathway
regulation of stress-activated MAPK signaling pathway
regulation of stress-activated MAPK signalling pathway
negative regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.
downregulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
down regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
down-regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
inhibition of stress-activated MAPK cascade
negative regulation of p38 MAPK signaling
negative regulation of p38 MAPK signalling
negative regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK cascade
negative regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK signaling pathway
negative regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK signalling pathway
negative regulation of stress-activated MAPK signaling pathway
negative regulation of stress-activated MAPK signalling pathway
positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.
activation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
positive regulation of p38 MAPK signaling
positive regulation of p38 MAPK signalling
positive regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK cascade
positive regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK signaling pathway
positive regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK signalling pathway
positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK signaling pathway
positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK signalling pathway
stimulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
upregulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
up regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
up-regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.
negative regulation of DNA endoreduplication
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.
down regulation of DNA endoreduplication
down-regulation of DNA endoreduplication
negative regulation of DNA endoreplication
negative regulation of DNA re-duplication
positive regulation of DNA endoreduplication
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.
positive regulation of DNA endoreplication
positive regulation of DNA re-duplication
regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
regulation of cellular protein localisation
regulation of cellular protein localization
regulation of polysaccharide metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin.
regulation of chitin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin.
regulation of cell wall chitin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin.
regulation of cell wall chitin anabolism
regulation of cell wall chitin biosynthesis
regulation of cell wall chitin formation
regulation of cell wall chitin synthesis
regulation of polysaccharide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle.
regulation of mitotic spindle elongation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle.
regulation of vacuole fusion, non-autophagic
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of organic acid transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
downregulation of organic acid transport
down regulation of organic acid transport
down-regulation of organic acid transport
positive regulation of organic acid transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + AH2 + O2 = palmitoleic acid (16:1delta9) + A + 2 H2O.
palmitoyl-CoA delta9-desaturase acitivity
negative regulation of viral transcription
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.
The appearance of a neurotrophin due to biosynthesis or secretion by cells in a neuron's target field, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. A neurotrophin is any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin.
negative regulation of neurotrophin production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin.
downregulation of neurotrophin production
down regulation of neurotrophin production
down-regulation of neurotrophin production
positive regulation of neurotrophin production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin.
up regulation of neurotrophin production
up-regulation of neurotrophin production
The appearance of nerve growth factor (NGF) due to biosynthesis or secretion by cells in a neuron's target field, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
regulation of nerve growth factor production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of nerve growth factor (NGF).
regulation of beta-nerve growth factor production
negative regulation of nerve growth factor production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of nerve growth factor (NGF).
downregulation of nerve growth factor production
down regulation of nerve growth factor production
down-regulation of nerve growth factor production
inhibition of nerve growth factor production
transforming growth factor beta1 production
The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
transforming growth factor-beta1 production
transforming growth factor beta2 production
The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
transforming growth factor-beta2 production
transforming growth factor beta3 production
The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta3 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
transforming growth factor-beta3 production
regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta1.
regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2.
regulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta3.
regulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta1.
downregulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
down regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
down-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
negative regulation of TGF-B1 production
negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2.
downregulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
down regulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
down-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
negative regulation of TGF-B2 production
negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta3.
downregulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
down regulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
down-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
negative regulation of TGF-B3 production
negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta1.
activation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
positive regulation of TGF-B1 production
stimulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
up regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2.
activation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
positive regulation of TGF-B2 production
positive regulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
stimulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
up regulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta3.
activation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
positive regulation of TGF-B3 production
positive regulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
stimulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
up regulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
The modification of polyamines by addition of acetyl groups.
The modification of spermidine by addition of acetyl groups.
The modification of spermine by addition of acetyl groups.
The modification of putrescine by addition of acetyl groups.
A complex consisting of 4 protein subunits as a heterotetramer, that possesses sarcosine oxidase activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression such that an expression pattern recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
circadian regulation of protein expression
organic phosphonate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphonates, any organic compound containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Synthesis of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of activin receptor signalling pathway
regulation of activin signalling pathway
negative regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.
downregulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of activin receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of activin receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of activin signaling pathway
negative regulation of activin signalling pathway
positive regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.
activation of activin receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of activin receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of activin signaling pathway
positive regulation of activin signalling pathway
stimulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
regulation of superoxide anion generation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell.
negative regulation of superoxide anion generation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell.
negative regulation of superoxide release
positive regulation of superoxide anion generation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell.
positive regulation of superoxide release
histone H3K56 acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 56) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 56).
histone acetylase activity (H3-K56 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K56 specific)
histone H3-K56 acetyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H3-K56 specific)
negative regulation of astral microtubule depolymerization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the depolymerization of astral microtubules.
The series of molecular signals from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus generated as a consequence of decreased levels of one or more sterols (and in some yeast, changes in oxygen levels) and which proceeds through activation of a sterol response element binding transcription factor (SREBP) to result in up-regulation of target gene transcription.
activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein target gene transcription
endoplasmic reticulum-nuclear sterol response pathway
endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus sterol response pathway
positive regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein target gene transcription
positive regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein target gene transcription involved in sterol depletion response
positive regulation of transcription via sterol regulatory element binding
positive regulation of transcription via sterol regulatory element binding involved in ER-nuclear sterol response pathway
SREBP target gene transcriptional activation
sterol depletion response, SREBP target gene transcriptional activation
sterol regulatory element binding protein target gene transcriptional activation
sterol response element binding protein signaling pathway
stimulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein target gene transcription
upregulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein target gene transcription
up regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein target gene transcription
up-regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein target gene transcription
Binding to a sterol, a steroid containing a hydroxy group in the 3 position, closely related to cholestan-3-ol.
Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of a sterol.
A protein complex formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) in the ER membrane; in the absence of sterols, the SREBP-SCAP complex is packaged into COPII vesicles and travels to the Golgi apparatus to be processed.
A protein complex formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), and an Insig protein (Insig-1 or Insig-2) in the ER membrane.
negative regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
positive regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
activation of translation in response to oxidative stress
stimulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
upregulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
up regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
up-regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
The controlled release of a substance by a cell.
The controlled release of a substance by a tissue.
inositol tetrakisphosphate 2-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate (containing 2-phosphate) + ADP.
1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate 2-kinase activity
inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 2-kinase activity
inositol-tetrakisphosphate 2-kinase activity
The expansion of a mononuclear cell population by cell division. A mononuclear cell is a leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form.
peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation
regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.
regulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation
negative regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.
negative regulation of PBMC proliferation
negative regulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation
positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.
activation of mononuclear cell proliferation
positive regulation of PBMC proliferation
positive regulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation
stimulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
upregulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
up regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
up-regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
regulation of alpha-glucan metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-glucans.
regulation of alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways relusting in the formation of alpha-glucans.
regulation of beta-glucan metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans.
regulation of beta-glucan biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways relusting in the formation of beta-glucans.
regulation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.
regulation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolism
regulation of 1,3-beta-D-glucan metabolic process
regulation of 1,3-beta-glucan metabolic process
regulation of 1,3-beta-glucan metabolism
regulation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.
regulation of 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthesis
regulation of 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokinetic process.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of division septum formation. Division septum formation is the assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis.
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organisation
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
inositol trisphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving myo-inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached.
myo-inositol trisphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
myo-inositol phosphate biosynthetic process
inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached.
myo-inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate.
regulation of inositol trisphosphate anabolism
regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthesis
regulation of inositol trisphosphate formation
regulation of inositol trisphosphate synthesis
regulation of myo-inositol trisphosphate biosynthesis
regulation of myo-inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
negative regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate.
negative regulation of inositol trisphosphate anabolism
negative regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthesis
negative regulation of inositol trisphosphate formation
negative regulation of inositol trisphosphate synthesis
negative regulation of IP3 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of myo-inositol trisphosphate biosynthesis
negative regulation of myo-inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate.
positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate anabolism
positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthesis
positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate formation
positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate synthesis
positive regulation of IP3 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of myo-inositol trisphosphate biosynthesis
positive regulation of myo-inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).
regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
negative regulation of collagen anabolism
negative regulation of collagen biosynthesis
negative regulation of collagen formation
negative regulation of collagen synthesis
positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
positive regulation of collagen anabolism
positive regulation of collagen biosynthesis
positive regulation of collagen formation
positive regulation of collagen synthesis
positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
positive regulation of gene-specific transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of RNA elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
A protein complex that contains MAPKSP1 (MP1, Map2k1ip1) and ROBLD3 (p14, Mapbpip), is anchored to late endosomes, and is involved in selective activation of the ERK1 in ERK/MAPK signaling.
regulation of actin filament-based process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding.
regulation of muscle filament sliding speed
Any process that modulates the velocity of muscle filament sliding.
amino acid export across plasma membrane
The directed movement of amino acids from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.
amino acid transmembrane export from vacuole
The directed movement of amino acids out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.
amino acid transmembrane import into vacuole
The directed movement of amino acids into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
release of matrix enzymes from mitochondria
The process in which enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase, are enabled to move from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol, as part of the apoptotic process.
release of aspartate aminotransferase from mitochondria
Binds transmembrane domain-containing proteins and mediates their integration into a membrane.
protein insertion into membrane from inner side
The process in which a protein is incorporated into a lipid bilayer, e.g., the prokaryotic, mitochondrial, or chloroplast inner membrane, from the inner side.
insertion of proteins into membrane from the inner side
protein insertion into mitochondrial inner membrane from matrix
The process in which a protein is incorporated into the mitochondrial inner membrane from the matrix side. This includes membrane insertion of newly synthesized mitochondrially-encoded proteins, and insertion of nuclear-encoded proteins after their import into the mitochondrial matrix.
insertion of proteins into the mitochondrial membrane from the inner side
protein insertion into mitochondrial inner membrane from matrix side
protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane from inner side
A change in the morphology or behavior of a keratinocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. Upon activation, keratinocytes become migratory and hyperproliferative, and produce growth factors and cytokines.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I.
mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone) assembly
A supramolecular fiber containing myosin heavy chains, plus associated light chains and other proteins, in which the myosin heavy chains are arranged into a filament.
kainate selective glutamate receptor complex
An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. Kainate receptors are multimeric assemblies of GluK1-3 (also called GluR5-7), GluK4 (KA1) and GluK5 (KA2) subunits.
The disaggregation of a protein-containing macromolecular complex into its constituent components.
cellular macromolecule complex disassembly
protein-carbohydrate complex disassembly
The disaggregation of a protein-carbohydrate complex into its constituent components.
The disaggregation of a protein-DNA complex into its constituent components.
The disaggregation of a protein-lipid complex into its constituent components.
The disaggregation of a protein-RNA complex into its constituent components.
The process in which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell part are generated and organized.
A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.
A macromolecular complex containing separate protein and carbohydrate molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.
A macromolecular complex containing both protein and DNA molecules.
A macromolecular complex containing separate protein and lipid molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.
regulation of fungal-type cell wall biogenesis
Any process that modulates the process in which a cell wall is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin.
regulation of chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall biogenesis
A protein complex containing Bcl3 and Bcl10, which forms when Akt1 is activated by TNF-alpha to phosphorylate Bcl10; the Bcl3-Bcl10 complex is translocated to the nucleus.
A protein complex composed of a subunit or subunits capable of binding the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin with additional signaling components. The complex functions as a receptor for immunoglobulin.
A protein complex composed of an Fc-epsilon RI alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without an Fc-episilon RI beta chain and additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgE.
A protein complex composed of an Fc-alpha R alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgA.
A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RI alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.
A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RIII alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without an Fc-epsilon RI beta chain and additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.
The expansion of a muscle cell population by cell division.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.
negative regulation of mast cell activation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.
positive regulation of mast cell activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.
regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response.
regulation of mast cell activation during immune response
negative regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response.
negative regulation of mast cell activation during immune response
positive regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response.
positive regulation of mast cell activation during immune response
A small, vestigial nucleus found in some plastids that derive from a eukaryotic endosymbiont. Observed in chlorarachniophytes and cryptomonads, which acquired their plastids from a green and red alga respectively.
A highly specialized cell-cell junction found in vertebrates, which forms between a neuron and a glial cell, and has structural similarity to Drosophila septate junctions. It flanks the node of Ranvier in myelinated nerve and electrically isolates the myelinated from unmyelinated nerve segments and physically separates the voltage-gated sodium channels at the node from the cluster of potassium channels underneath the myelin sheath.
A condensed cytoplasmic structure that covers the nucleus of mammalian spermatozoa except for a narrow zone around the insertion of the tail. It shows two distinct regions, a subacrosomal layer and, continuing caudally beyond the acrosomic system, the postacrosomal sheath. The perinuclear theca has been considered a cytoskeletal scaffold responsible for maintaining the overall architecture of the mature sperm head; however, recent studies indicate that the bulk of its constituent proteins are not traditional cytoskeletal proteins but rather a variety of cytosolic proteins.
A permanent cup-shaped structure at the cell plasma membrane in secretory cells. Following a secretory stimulus, secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse at the base of porosomes and release intravesicular contents dictated by the turgor pressure generated from the swelling of secretory vesicles.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a rhoptry.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
5-hydroxyvalerate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxyvalerate + NAD+ = 5-oxovalerate + NADH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclopentanol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclopentanol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclopentanol.
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of mast cells such that the total number of mast cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
Any apoptotic process in a mast cell, a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.
regulation of mast cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.
negative regulation of mast cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.
negative regulation of mast cell apoptosis
positive regulation of mast cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.
positive regulation of mast cell apoptosis
Any apoptotic process in a myeloid cell, a cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage.
regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.
negative regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.
negative regulation of neutrophil apoptosis
positive regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.
positive regulation of neutrophil apoptosis
regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.
negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a myeloid cell apoptotic process.
downregulation of myeloid cell apoptosis
down regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis
down-regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis
negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis
positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.
positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis
Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process in which a polysaccharide is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Combining with soluble bitter compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of bitter taste.
Combining with soluble salty compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of salty taste.
Combining with soluble sour compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of sour taste.
Combining with soluble sweet compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of sweet taste.
Combining with soluble umami compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of umami taste, the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle.
regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome.
regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis
regulation of sister chromatid segregation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation.
negative regulation of sister chromatid segregation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation.
regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis.
negative regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving clavulanic acid, (2R,3Z,5R)-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of clavulanic acid, (2R,3Z,5R)-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminophosphonates, phosphonic acid derivatives that contain an amino group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanoamino acids, amino acid derivatives that contain a cyanide group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glutamine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid glutamine, i.e. (2R)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glutamate, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid glutamate, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arginine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid arginine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-ornithine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid ornithine, i.e. (2R)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid.
Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another along an axis.
The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in a cell.
The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in an ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.
A protein complex containing accessory proteins which bind a recombinase (e.g. Rad51) and bind single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and promote nucleation of the recombinase onto ssDNA through facilitating recombinase-RPA exchange.
A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, and XRCC2, or orthologs thereof.
A heterodimeric DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51D and XRCC2, or orthologs thereof; conserved from fission yeast to human but absent from budding yeast.
A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51C and XRCC3, or orthologs thereof.
A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51B and RAD51C, or orthologs thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macrolides, any of a large group of polyketide compounds that contain a large lactone ring with few or no double bonds and no nitrogen atoms, linked glycosidically to one or more sugar groups. The macrolides include the carbomycins, the erythromycins, oleandomycin, oligomycins, and the spiramycins, and act as antibiotics, mainly against Gram-positive bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of macrolides, any of a large group of polyketide compounds that contain a large lactone ring with few or no double bonds and no nitrogen atoms, linked glycosidically to one or more sugar groups. The macrolides include the carbomycins, the erythromycins, oleandomycin, oligomycins, and the spiramycins, and act as antibiotics, mainly against Gram-positive bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ansamycins, any of a group of complex macrolactam compounds characterized by a cyclic structure in which an aliphatic ansa chain forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of a cyclic p-system; many exhibit antibacterial, antifungal or antitumor activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of ansamycins, any of a group of complex macrolactam compounds characterized by a cyclic structure in which an aliphatic ansa chain forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of a cyclic p-system; many exhibit antibacterial, antifungal or antitumor activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vancomycin, (3S,6R,7R,11R,23S,26S,30aS,36R,38aR)-44-[2-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-10,19-dichloro-2,3,4,5,6,7,23,25,26,36,37,38,38a-tetradecahydro-7,22,28,30,32-pentahydroxy-6-(N-methyl-D-leucyl)-2,5,24,38,39-pentaoxo-1H,22H-23,36-(epiminomethano)-8,11:18,21-dietheno-13,16:31,35-di(metheno)[1,6,9]oxadiazacyclohexadecino[4,5-m][10,2,16]benzoxadiazacyclotetracosine-26-carboxylic acid, a complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis that inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of vancomycin, (3S,6R,7R,11R,23S,26S,30aS,36R,38aR)-44-[2-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-10,19-dichloro-2,3,4,5,6,7,23,25,26,36,37,38,38a-tetradecahydro-7,22,28,30,32-pentahydroxy-6-(N-methyl-D-leucyl)-2,5,24,38,39-pentaoxo-1H,22H-23,36-(epiminomethano)-8,11:18,21-dietheno-13,16:31,35-di(metheno)[1,6,9]oxadiazacyclohexadecino[4,5-m][10,2,16]benzoxadiazacyclotetracosine-26-carboxylic acid, a complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis that inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the monoterpenoid pinene; alpha-pinene is (1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, and beta-pinene is (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane.
The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of the monoterpenoid pinene; alpha-pinene is (1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, and beta-pinene is (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane.
isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway dependent upon transit through the thymus.
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway independent of the thymus.
The expansion of an immature T cell population by cell division.
The expansion of an immature T cell population by cell division in the thymus.
regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus.
regulation of T cell development in thymus
regulation of thymic T cell differentiation
regulation of thymocyte cell differentiation
regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.
regulation of extrathymic T cell development
regulation of immature T cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.
regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.
regulation of thymic T cell proliferation
regulation of thymocyte cell proliferation
negative regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus.
negative regulation of T cell development in thymus
negative regulation of thymic T cell differentiation
negative regulation of thymocyte cell differentiation
negative regulation of thymocyte differentiation
negative regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.
negative regulation of extrathymic T cell development
negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.
negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.
negative regulation of thymic T cell proliferation
negative regulation of thymocyte cell proliferation
negative regulation of thymocyte proliferation
positive regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus.
positive regulation of T cell development in thymus
positive regulation of thymic T cell differentiation
positive regulation of thymocyte cell differentiation
positive regulation of thymocyte differentiation
positive regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.
positive regulation of extrathymic T cell development
positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.
positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.
positive regulation of thymic T cell proliferation
positive regulation of thymocyte cell proliferation
positive regulation of thymocyte proliferation
A large, elongated, rod-shaped secretory granule characteristic of vascular endothelial cells that contain a number of structurally and functionally distinct proteins, of which the best characterized are von Willebrand factor (VWF) and P-selectin. Weibel-Palade bodies are formed from the trans-Golgi network in a process that depends on VWF, which is densely packed in a highly organized manner, and on coat proteins that remain associated with the granules. Upon cell stimulation, regulated exocytosis releases the contained proteins to the cell surface, where they act in the recruitment of platelets and leukocytes and in inflammatory and vasoactive responses.
butane-1,4-diamine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: putrescine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + 1-pyrroline + H2O.
putrescine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
putrescine:alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase activity
putrescine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity
A membrane-bounded storage granule found in cells of the aleurone layer in plants; contains either a protein matrix, protein-carbohydrate bodies and/or globoids. Aleurone grains are formed by the vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum and dictyosomes.
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the amyloplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround an amyloplast and form the amyloplast envelope.
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the amyloplast envelope; also faces the amyloplast stroma.
A membrane-bounded extension of the cell, originally characterized in Mycoplasma species, that contains an electron-dense core that is part of the cytoskeleton and is oriented lengthwise and ends distally in a bulbous knob (terminal button). Required for adherence to host cells and involved in gliding motility and cell division.
A Gcn5-independent multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histone H3. The budding yeast complex includes Sas3p, Taf30p, and Yng1p.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a cellular bud.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an acidocalcisome.
protein secretion by the type VI secretion system
The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells by the type VI secretion system. Proteins secreted by this system do not require an N-terminal signal sequence.
protein secretion by the type VI protein secretion system
type VI protein secretion system complex
A complex of proteins that permits the transfer of proteins into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells via the type VI secretion system. Proteins secreted by this complex do not require an N-terminal signal sequence.
The structure, composed of a monolayer of glycolipids with embedded proteins, that encloses the pigments and other contents of the chlorosome.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the cis-Golgi network.
A cytosolic vesicle that is enclosed by a double membrane and is implicated in the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway. These vesicles are found in the yeast S. cerevisiae, and contain vacuolar hydrolases, aminopeptidase I (Ape1p) and alpha-mannosidase (Ams1p).
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex.
Either of the two lipid bilayers surrounding a Cvt vesicle, a vesicle that functions in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway.
cytoplasm to vacuole targeting vesicle membrane
cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding an attachment organelle. This is a region of the cell membrane facing the environment - in mycoplasma, part of the mycolate outer membrane.
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the cyanelle and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a cyanelle and form the cyanelle envelope.
The volume enclosed by a cyanelle thylakoid membrane.
The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within a cyanelle.
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment system.
ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
A vesicle filled with crystalline protein that shows sequence similarities with various esterases.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an esterosome. This membrane has characteristics of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) membranes.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing.
regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.
regulation of purine nucleotide breakdown
regulation of purine nucleotide catabolism
regulation of purine nucleotide degradation
negative regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.
negative regulation of purine nucleotide breakdown
negative regulation of purine nucleotide catabolism
negative regulation of purine nucleotide degradation
positive regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.
positive regulation of purine nucleotide breakdown
positive regulation of purine nucleotide catabolism
positive regulation of purine nucleotide degradation
obsolete regulation of GTP catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
obsolete negative regulation of GTP catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
obsolete positive regulation of GTP catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
obsolete regulation of histone phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of one or more phosphate groups to a histone protein.
obsolete negative regulation of histone phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of one or more phosphate groups to a histone protein.
obsolete positive regulation of histone phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of one or more phosphate groups to a histone protein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucokinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a glucose molecule.
negative regulation of glucokinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucokinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a glucose molecule.
positive regulation of glucokinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucokinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a glucose molecule.
Binding to a ubiquitin activating enzyme, any of the E1 proteins.
regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
regulation of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein
negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
downregulation of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein
down regulation of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein
down-regulation of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein
inhibition of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein
negative regulation of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
activation of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein
positive regulation of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein
upregulation of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein
up regulation of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein
up-regulation of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein
Binding to a nuclear progesterone receptor.
regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
regulation of steroid hormone receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of steroid hormone receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.
positive regulation of steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of steroid hormone receptor signalling pathway
regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of estrogen receptor signaling pathway
regulation of estrogen receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of estrogen receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of estrogen receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.
positive regulation of estrogen receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of estrogen receptor signalling pathway
Binding to a FFAT motif, a short motif containing diphenylalanine in an acidic tract that targets proteins to the cytosolic surface of the ER and to the nuclear membrane by binding directly to members of the VAP (VAMP-associated protein) protein family.
A large cytoskeletal structure located at the posterior end of the perinuclear theca of a mammalian sperm head. The nucleus is tightly associated with the calyx, which contains calicin and basic cylicin proteins.
The process in which immune receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific receptor, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
The process in which immunoglobulin gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). For immunoglobulin heavy chains V, D, and J gene segments are joined, and for immunoglobulin light chains V and J gene segments are joined.
The process in which T cell receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific locus, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
ABC-type oligogalacturonide transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligogalacturonide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligogalacturonide(in).
ATPase-coupled oligogalacturonide transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent oligogalacturonide transmembrane transporter activity
oligogalacturonide transmembrane transporter activity
oligogalacturonide transporting ATPase activity
oligogalacturonide-transporting ATPase activity
The directed movement of oligogalacturonides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of intracellular protein transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.
obsolete regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the vectorial transfer of a protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
obsolete negative regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the vectorial transfer of a protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
obsolete positive regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the vectorial transfer of a protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase binding
Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase, a protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase kinase.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a melanosome.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a microneme.
glycolipid 1,6-alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->6)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.
GDP-mannose:glycolipid 1,6-alpha-D-mannosyltransferase activity
GDP-mannose:oligosaccharide 1,6-alpha-D-mannosyltransferase activity
GDP-mannose:oligosaccharide 6-alpha-D-mannosyltransferase activity
glycolipid 6-alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
initiation-specific alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity
A specialized extracellularc matrix that surrounds the photoreceptors of the retina and lies between them and the apical surface of the retinal pigment epithelium. The IPM has been implicated in several important activities required for photoreceptor function and maintenance.
A multilayered extraembryonic matrix that functions as a substrate for cell adhesion through early development. It is thought to protect and lubricate the embryo, stabilize the blastomeres during morphogenesis, and regulate nutrient intake. The major constituent of the hyaline layer is the protein hyalin. This matrix has been found in echinoderms.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, additional protein subunits, and duplex siRNA; required for heterochromatin assembly and siRNA generation. Possibly involved in the conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA.
obsolete conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA involved in RNA interference
OBSOLETE. The process in which double-stranded siRNA molecules are converted to single-stranded siRNAs; required for the formation of a mature RITS complex during RNA interference.
The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone.
obsolete nucleoprotein filament-forming ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate to drive the assembly of proteins such as Rad51p onto single-stranded (ss) DNA to form a helical nucleoprotein filament.
The proteinaceous structure surrounding a gas vesicle.
Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by activation of a member of the NFAT protein family as a consequence of NFAT dephosphorylation by Ca(2+)-activated calcineurin. The cascade begins with calcium-dependent activation of the phosphatase calcineurin. Calcineurin dephosphorylates multiple phosphoserine residues on NFAT, resulting in the translocation of NFAT to the nucleus. The cascade ends with regulation of transcription by NFAT. The calcineurin-NFAT cascade lies downstream of many cell surface receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that signal to mobilize calcium ions (Ca2+).
chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core CF(1)
The catalytic sector of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the chloroplast thylakoid membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled. The chloroplast F0 domain contains three alpha, three beta, one gamma, one delta, and one epsilon subunits.
chloroplast proton-transporting F-type ATPase complex, catalytic core CF(1)
chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor CF(o)
All non-F1 subunits of the chloroplast hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral chloroplast thylakoid membrane proteins.
chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor CF(0)
chloroplast proton-transporting F-type ATPase complex, coupling factor CF(o)
proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient. The resulting transmembrane electrochemical potential of H+ is used to drive a variety of (i) secondary active transport systems via H+-dependent symporters and antiporters and (ii) channel-mediated transport systems. The complex comprises a membrane sector (V0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (V1) that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. V-type ATPases are found in the membranes of organelles such as vacuoles, endosomes, and lysosomes, and in the plasma membrane.
hydrogen-translocating V-type ATPase complex
proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, proton-transporting domain
A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex and carries out proton transport across a membrane. The proton-transporting domain (F0, V0, or A0) includes integral and peripheral membrane proteins.
proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, catalytic domain
A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis or synthesis. The catalytic domain (F1, V1, or A1) comprises a hexameric catalytic core and a central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the membrane when the two-sector ATPase is assembled.
proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain
A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase and mediates proton transport across a membrane. The V0 complex consists of at least four different subunits (a,c,d and e); six or more c subunits form a proton-binding rotor ring.
proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain
A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. The V1 complex consists of: (1) a globular headpiece with three alternating copies of subunits A and B that form a ring, (2) a central rotational stalk composed of single copies of subunits D and F, and (3) a peripheral stalk made of subunits C, E, G and H. Subunits A and B mediate the hydrolysis of ATP at three reaction sites associated with subunit A.
plasma membrane proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the plasma membrane.
plasma membrane hydrogen ion-transporting ATPase
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of a ubiquitin group to a histone protein.
negative regulation of histone ubiquitination
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of a ubiquitin group to a histone protein.
positive regulation of histone ubiquitination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of a ubiquitin group to a histone protein.
dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase complex
A protein complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-mannosyltransferase activity; contains a catalytic subunit, a regulatory subunit, and a third subunit that stabilizes the complex. In human and several other metazoa, the subunits are named DPM1, DPM2 and DPM3, respectively.
dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-mannosyltransferase complex
A conserved heterotrimeric protein complex that promotes histone H3 and H4 deposition onto newly synthesized DNA during replication or DNA repair; specifically facilitates replication-dependent nucleosome assembly with the major histone H3 (H3.1). In many species the CAF-1 subunits are designated p150, p60, and p48.
obsolete inositol hexakisphosphate 4-kinase or 6-kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,5,6)pentakisphosphate, and ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 6-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5)pentakisphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + ceramide = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + sphingomyelin.
ceramide:phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphotransferase activity
phosphatidylcholine:ceramide cholinephosphotransferase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.
Catalysis of the cyclization of double bonds in prosolanapyrone II to form (-)-solanapyrone A.
Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-pyrone + oxalacetate = macrophomate.
calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate, dependent on the presence of calcium-bound calmodulin.
Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein phosphatase activity
calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity
calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity
A nucleosome-binding protein complex that comprises two SWIRM domain histone demethylases and two PHD finger proteins. The complex is involved in transcriptional regulation via heterochromatic silencing and the regulation of chromatin boundary formation, and was first identified in fission yeast.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group.
Catalysis of the reaction: tryparedoxin + hydrogen peroxide = tryparedoxin disulfide + H2O.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.
obsolete inositol heptakisphosphate 4-kinase or 6-kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 4,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,6)tetrakisphosphate, and ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 5,6-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,4)tetrakisphosphate.
inositol heptakisphosphate 5-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,5,6)pentakisphosphate = 4,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,6)tetrakisphosphate, and ATP + 6-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5)pentakisphosphate = 5,6-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,4)tetrakisphosphate.
diphosphoinositol-pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: RDP-glucose + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,4)]n = RDP + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,4)]n+1, where RDP is ADP or UDP.
A protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity.
A homohexameric protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity; associates with DNA polymerase alpha-primase and translocates in the 5' to 3' direction.
Binding to RNA subunit of ribonuclease P.
A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an acceptor molecule, forming a beta-1,4 linkage.
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:N-acetylneuraminyl-alpha-2,3-galactosyl-beta-R 1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine + N-acetylneuraminyl-alpha-2,3-galactosyl-beta-oligosaccharide = UDP + N-acetylgalactosaminyl-N-acetylneuraminyl-alpha-2,3-galactosyl-beta-oligosaccharide.
UDP-GalNAc:Neu5Ac-alpha-2-Gal-beta-1-R beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by tumor necrosis factor binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated signaling pathway
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signalling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by leptin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body.
The series of molecular signals initiated by adiponectin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The directed movement of iron ions from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
siderophore-dependent iron import into cell
A process in which iron (Fe3+) is solubilized by ferric iron-specific chelators, known as siderophores, excreted by a cell; the iron-siderophore complex is then transported into the cell by specific cell surface receptors.
iron assimilation by capture and transport
iron assimilation by chelation and transport
A process in which iron is solubilized by reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ via a cell surface reductase and subsequent transport of the iron across the membrane by iron uptake proteins.
iron assimilation by reduction and transport
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron ion starvation
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of deprivation of iron ions.
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron deficiency
Binding to an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
Binding to urea, a water-soluble carboxamide with the structure H2N-CO-NH2.
obsolete ATPase-coupled amide-transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + amide(out) = ADP + phosphate + amide(in).
ATPase-coupled urea transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + urea(out) = ADP + phosphate + urea(in).
ATP-dependent urea transmembrane transporter activity
Binding to the D- or L-enantiomer of xylose.
The directed movement of 2-aminoethylphosphonate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
ATPase-coupled 2-aminoethylphosphonate transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of 2-aminoethylphosphonate from one side of a membrane to the other by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + 2-aminoethylphosphonate(out) = ADP + phosphate + 2-aminoethylphosphonate(in).
2-aminoethylphosphonate transmembrane transporter activity
2-aminoethylphosphonate transporting ATPase activity
2-aminoethylphosphonate-transporting ATPase activity
2-phosphonoethylamine transmembrane transporter activity
2-phosphonoethylamine transporting ATPase activity
ATP-dependent 2-aminoethylphosphonate transporter activity
The directed movement of dsRNA, double-stranded ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of cysteine from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.
cysteine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of cysteine from one side of a membrane to the other.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cysteine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + cysteine(in/out).
ATPase-coupled cysteine transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled cysteine transporter activity
ATP-dependent cysteine transporter activity
The directed movement of carbohydrates out of a cell or organelle.
ABC-type D-methionine transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-methionine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + D-methionine(in/out).
ATPase-coupled D-methionine transporter activity
ATPase-coupled methionine transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent D-methionine transporter activity
ATP-dependent methionine transmembrane transporter activity
D-methionine transmembrane transporter activity
D-methionine-transporting ATPase activity
methionine transmembrane-transporting ATPase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.
negative regulation of protein sumoylation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.
positive regulation of protein sumoylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.
obsolete 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NADH + H+.
obsolete 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform amines.
regulation of cellular amine metabolic process
negative regulation of amine metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines.
negative regulation of cellular amine metabolic process
positive regulation of amine metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines.
positive regulation of cellular amine metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.
regulation of cellular amine catabolic process
negative regulation of amine catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.
negative regulation of amine degradation
negative regulation of cellular amine catabolic process
positive regulation of amine catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.
positive regulation of amine degradation
regulation of penicillin metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
negative regulation of penicillin metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
negative regulation of penicillin metabolism
positive regulation of penicillin metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
positive regulation of penicillin metabolism
regulation of penicillin catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
negative regulation of penicillin catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
negative regulation of penicillin breakdown
negative regulation of penicillin catabolism
negative regulation of penicillin degradation
positive regulation of penicillin catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
positive regulation of penicillin breakdown
positive regulation of penicillin catabolism
positive regulation of penicillin degradation
Catalysis of the reaction: a penicillin + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid derivative of the penicillin.
Catalysis of the reaction: a cephalosporin + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid derivative of the cephalosporin.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of beta-lactamase activity, the hydrolysis of a beta-lactam to yield a substituted beta-amino acid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of a penicillin to yield a substituted beta-amino acid derivative.
A protein complex that contains four related proteins that have been implicated in several membrane-related processes, such as sorting of H+-translocating ATPases, endocytosis, ER-Golgi trafficking, vacuole fusion, vacuolar polyphosphate homeostasis and the microautophagic scission of vesicles into the vacuolar lumen. The complex is enriched at the vacuolar membrane, but also found in other cellular compartments, including the ER and the cell periphery. In Saccharomyces, the subunits are Vtc1p, Vtc2p, Vtc3p and Vtc4p.
A protein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase activity and links histone acetylation to the assembly of transcriptionally silent chromatin. In vitro, the complex acetylates lysine 16 of histone H4 and lysine 14 of histone H3, although the latter may not be relevant in vivo. The complex contains a catalytic subunit and at least two other subunits; in Saccharomyces, the catalytic subunit is Sas2p and additional subunits are Sas4p and Sas5p.
A protein complex containing an inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB/IKB) protein and one or more copies of an NF-kappaB protein. In the resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to I-kappaB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm.
A protein complex containing one Bcl protein and one or more copies of NF-kappaB2; formation of complexes of different stoichiometry depends on the Bcl3:NF-kappaB2 ratio, and allow Bcl3 to exert different regulatory effects on NF-kappaB2-dependent transcription.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving plastid DNA.
The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in a plastid.
The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.
OBSOLETE. A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the S phase of the cell cycle.
regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.
regulation of DNA replication during S phase
regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase
regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase
A multimeric protein complex that acts as an endosomal tethering complex (CORVET = class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) by cooperating with Rab GTPases to capture endosomal vesicles and trap them prior to the action of SNAREs; the complex is involved in endo-lysosomal biogenesis and required for transport between endosome and vacuole. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae complex contains Vps8p, Vps3p, Pep5p, Vps16p, Pep3p, and Vps33p.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of limited hydrolysis of proteins of the neuroexocytosis apparatus, synaptobrevins, SNAP25 or syntaxin. No detected action on small molecule substrates.
Binding to choline, the amine 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of choline across a membrane.
ABC-type choline transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled choline transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent choline transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. A part of an axon, a cell projection of a neuron.
An axon part that is a gap in the myelin where voltage-gated sodium channels cluster and saltatory conduction is executed.
An axon part that is located between the nodes of Ranvier and surrounded by compact myelin sheath.
An axon part that is located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier and surrounded by lateral loop portions of myelin sheath.
The directed movement of any phosphorylated myo-inositol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B2 stimulus.
The sliding movement of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other.
A protein complex that does not contain either a TATA-binding protein (TBP) or a TBP-like factor, but is composed of several TAFIIs and other proteins, including a histone acetyltransferase. This complex is able to nucleate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II, can mediate transcriptional activation, and has histone acetyltransferase activity.
OBSOLETE. A cell cycle in which mitosis is begun and progresses normally through the end of anaphase, but not completed, resulting in a cell with increased ploidy.
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the midbrain.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.
A complex of three proteins integral to the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) involved in membrane transport of folded proteins.
TAT protein translocation system complex
A heterodimeric protein complex of protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and acrosin; formation of the complex inhibits the protease activity of acrosin.
plasma serine protease inhibitor-acrosin complex
ATPase-coupled organic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + organic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + organic acid(in/out).
ATP-dependent organic acid transmembrane transporter activity
organic acid-transporting ATPase activity
ATPase-coupled carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + carboxylic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + carboxylic acid(in/out).
ATP-dependent carboxylic acid transporter activity
carboxylic acid-transporting ATPase activity
ATPase-coupled monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + monocarboxylic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + monocarboxylic acid(in/out).
ATP-dependent monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
monocarboxylic acid-transporting ATPase activity
ATPase-coupled ectoine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ectoine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + ectoine(in/out).
ATP-dependent ectoine transmembrane transporter activity
ectoine transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled hydroxyectoine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + hydroxyectoine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + hydroxyectoine(in/out).
ATP-dependent hydroxyectoine transmembrane transporter activity
hydroxyectoine transmembrane transporter activity
hydroxyectoine-transporting ATPase activity
A microtubule located such that it threads through the conoid and projects through the polar ring.
A protein complex composed of the small ribosomal subunit, eIF3, eIF1A, methionyl-initiatior methionine and a capped mRNA. The complex is initially positioned at the 5'-end of the capped mRNA.
A protein complex composed of the large and small ribosomal subunits, methionyl-initiatior tRNA, and the capped mRNA. The initiator tRNA is positioned at the ribosomal P site at the AUG codon corresponding to the beginning of the coding region.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the T-tubule. A T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril.
Binding to a monocarboxylic acid, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-).
Binding to ectoine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid.
Binding to the D- or L-enantiomer of rhamnose.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a contractile vacuole. A specialized vacuole that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores.
contractile vacuole organization and biogenesis
The controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell.
dehydroascorbic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of dehydroascorbate, 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2,3,4(5H)-trione, from one side of a membrane to the other.
dehydroascorbic acid transporter activity
cell cycle comprising mitosis without cytokinesis
A mitotic cell cycle in which mitosis is completed but cytokinesis does not occur, resulting in a cell containing multiple nuclei each with a chromosomal complement of the original ploidy (usually 2N).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving O-glucosylated derivatives of quercetin.
quercetin O-glucoside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of O-glucosylated derivatives of quercetin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll a.
The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of chlorophyll a.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol.
A process that generates phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
The directed movement of hydroxyectoine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A protein complex that binds to the Swi4/6 cell cycle box (SCB) promoter element, consensus sequence CRCGAAA, and activates transcription during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains a heterodimer of the DNA binding protein Swi4p and the activator Swi6p, and is associated with additional proteins known as Whi5p and Msa1p.
The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of chlorophyll a.
chlorophyll a biosynthetic process via phytyl diphosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of chlorophyll a, via the intermediate phytyl diphosphate.
chlorophyll a anabolism via phytyl diphosphate
chlorophyll a biosynthesis via phytyl diphosphate
chlorophyll a biosynthetic process via phytyl-PP
chlorophyll a formation via phytyl chlorophyll a formation via phytyl-PP
chlorophyll a synthesis via phytyl diphosphate
chlorophyll a biosynthetic process via geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a
The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of chlorophyll a, via the intermediate geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a.
chlorophyll a anabolism via geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a
chlorophyll a biosynthesis via geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a
chlorophyll a formation via geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a
chlorophyll a synthesis via geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a
A signaling process that contributes to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a meiotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage.
signal transduction involved in meiotic cell cycle checkpoint
mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling
A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
mitotic cell cycle DNA replication checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic DNA replication checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint
signal transduction involved in S-M checkpoint
meiotic G2/MI DNA replication checkpoint signaling
A signal transduction process that controls the G2/M1 transition of the meiotic cell cycle and prevents the initiation of nuclear division until DNA replication is complete.
meiotic cell cycle DNA replication checkpoint
meiotic G2/MI DNA replication checkpoint
signal transduction involved in meiotic DNA replication checkpoint
meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling
A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint, that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic cell cycle until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
signal transduction involved in meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint
The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-xylose, uridinediphosphoxylose, a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-xylose, uridinediphosphoxylose, a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving homomethionine, a non-protein amino acid synthesized from methionine via chain elongation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homomethionine, a non-protein amino acid synthesized from methionine via chain elongation.
choline biosynthetic process via CDP-choline
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate CDP-choline.
choline biosynthetic process via N-monomethylethanolamine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate N-monomethylethanolamine.
choline anabolism via N-monomethylethanolamine
choline biosynthesis via N-monomethylethanolamine
choline formation via N-monomethylethanolamine
choline synthesis via N-monomethylethanolamine
choline biosynthetic process via phosphoryl-ethanolamine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate phosphoryl-ethanolamine.
choline anabolism via phosphoryl-ethanolamine
choline biosynthesis via phosphoryl-ethanolamine
choline formation via phosphoryl-ethanolamine
choline synthesis via phosphoryl-ethanolamine
The regulated release of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the choroid plexus of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles. The cerebrospinal fluid is a clear liquid that located within the ventricles, spinal canal, and subarachnoid spaces.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis.
peroxisome membrane targeting sequence binding
Binding to a peroxisomal membrane targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome membrane.
peroxisomal membrane protein (PMP) targeting signal (mPTS) binding
kaempferol O-glucoside metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving O-glucosylated derivatives of kaempferol.
kaempferol O-glucoside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of O-glucosylated derivatives of kaempferol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ent-kaur-16-ene. Ent-kaurene is a tetracyclic diterpenoid that is a precursor of several plant isoprenoids, including gibberellins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ent-kaurene. Ent-kaurene is a tetracyclic diterpenoid that is a precursor of several plant isoprenoids, including gibberellins.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a fin are generated and organized.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the caudal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a medial fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pectoral fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pelvic fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.
The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.
asparagine catabolic process via L-aspartate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-aspartate.
asparagine catabolic process via 2-oxosuccinamate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-oxosuccinamate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a tetrose, any monosaccharide with a chain of four carbon atoms in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a tetrose, any monosaccharide with a chain of four carbon atoms in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving apiose, the branched tetrose 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-glycero-tetrose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apiose, the branched tetrose 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-glycero-tetrose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-apiose, uridinediphosphoapiose, a substance composed of apiose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-apiose, uridinediphosphoapicose, a substance composed of apiose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, L-cysteine, and L-methionine. Couples utilization of the methyl group of SAM with recycling of the homocysteinyl group and regeneration of methionine.
A cyclic series of interconversions involving chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and several chlorophyllide intermediates.
A cyclic series of interconversions involving L-ascorbate and glutathione that scavenges hydrogen peroxide and reduces it to water, with concomitant oxidation of NADPH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-L-arabinose, uridinediphosphoarabinose, a substance composed of arabinose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-arabinose, arabino-pentose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-L-arabinose, uridinediphosphoarabinose, a substance composed of arabinose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediates diaminopimelate and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in four enzymatic steps.
lysine anabolism via diaminopimelate and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate
lysine biosynthesis via diaminopimelic acid and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate
lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelic acid and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate
lysine formation via diaminopimelate and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate
lysine synthesis via diaminopimelate and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate
lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediates diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in four enzymatic steps.
lysine anabolism via diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate
lysine biosynthesis via diaminopimelic acid and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate
lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelic acid and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate
lysine formation via diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate
lysine synthesis via diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate
lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate, dehydrogenase pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in a single enzymatic step.
lysine anabolism via diaminopimelate, dehydrogenase pathway
lysine biosynthesis via diaminopimelic acid, dehydrogenase pathway
lysine formation via diaminopimelate, dehydrogenase pathway
lysine synthesis via diaminopimelate, dehydrogenase pathway
lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in two enzymatic steps.
lysine anabolism via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway
lysine biosynthesis via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway
lysine formation via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway
lysine synthesis via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.
secretory granule organization and biogenesis
mast cell secretory granule organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a mast cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.
mast cell secretory granule organisation
mast cell secretory granule organization and biogenesis
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle.
protein localization to secretory granule
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule.
protein localisation in secretory granule
protein localization in secretory granule
protein localization to mast cell secretory granule
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.
protein localisation in mast cell secretory granule
protein localization in mast cell secretory granule
protease localization to mast cell secretory granule
Any process in which a protease is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.
protease localisation in mast cell secretory granule
protease localization in mast cell secretory granule
establishment of protein localization to mast cell secretory granule
The directed movement of a protein to a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.
establishment of protein localisation in mast cell secretory granule
establishment of protein localization in mast cell secretory granule
maintenance of protein location in mast cell secretory granule
A process in which a protein is maintained in a secretory granule in a mast cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of protein localization in mast cell secretory granule
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a T cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.
T cell secretory granule organization and biogenesis
T-lymphocyte secretory granule maturation
T lymphocyte secretory granule organization
T-lymphocyte secretory granule organization
establishment of protease localization to mast cell secretory granule
The directed movement of a protease to a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.
establishment of protease localisation in mast cell secretory granule
establishment of protease localization in mast cell secretory granule
maintenance of protease location in mast cell secretory granule
A process in which a protease is maintained in a secretory granule in a mast cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of protease localization in mast cell secretory granule
protein localization to T cell secretory granule
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
protein localisation in T cell secretory granule
protein localization in T cell secretory granule
protein localization in T-cell secretory granule
protein localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
protein localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
protease localization to T cell secretory granule
Any process in which a protease is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
protease localisation in T cell secretory granule
protease localization in T cell secretory granule
protease localization in T-cell secretory granule
protease localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
protease localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
establishment of protein localization to T cell secretory granule
The directed movement of a protein to a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
establishment of protein localisation in T cell secretory granule
establishment of protein localization in T cell secretory granule
establishment of protein localization in T-cell secretory granule
establishment of protein localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
establishment of protein localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
maintenance of protein location in T cell secretory granule
A process in which a protein is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of protein localization in T cell secretory granule
maintenance of protein localization in T-cell secretory granule
maintenance of protein localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
maintenance of protein localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
establishment of protease localization to T cell secretory granule
The directed movement of a protease to a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
establishment of protease localisation in T cell secretory granule
establishment of protease localization in T cell secretory granule
establishment of protease localization in T-cell secretory granule
establishment of protease localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
establishment of protease localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
maintenance of protease location in T cell secretory granule
A process in which a protease is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of protease localization in T cell secretory granule
maintenance of protease localization in T-cell secretory granule
maintenance of protease localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
maintenance of protease localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
granzyme B localization to T cell secretory granule
Any process in which the protease granzyme B is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
granzyme B localisation in T cell secretory granule
granzyme B localization in T cell secretory granule
granzyme B localization in T-cell secretory granule
granzyme B localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
granzyme B localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
establishment of granzyme B localization to T cell secretory granule
The directed movement of the protease granzyme B to a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
establishment of granzyme B localisation in T cell secretory granule
establishment of granzyme B localization in T cell secretory granule
establishment of granzyme B localization in T-cell secretory granule
establishment of granzyme B localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
establishment of granzyme B localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
T-lymphocyte secretory granule storage of granzyme B
maintenance of granzyme B location in T cell secretory granule
A process in which the protease granyme B is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of granzyme B localization in T cell secretory granule
maintenance of granzyme B localization in T-cell secretory granule
maintenance of granzyme B localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
maintenance of granzyme B localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranyl diphosphate, the universal precursor of the monoterpenes.
geranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geranyl diphosphate.
geranylgeranyl diphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranylgeranyl diphosphate, a polyprenol compound involved in the biosynthesis of a variety of terpenoids including chlorophylls, carotenoids, tocopherols, plastoquinones, and the plant hormones gibberellins.
geranylgeranyldiphosphate metabolic process
geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
putrescine biosynthetic process from ornithine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane by decarboxylation of ornithine.
putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine.
putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine, using agmatinase
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine; in this pathway, arginine is converted to agmatine, and agmatine is converted to putrescine in a single enzymatic step.
putrescine anabolism from arginine, using agmatinase
putrescine biosynthesis from arginine, using agmatinase
putrescine formation from arginine, using agmatinase
putrescine synthesis from arginine, using agmatinase
putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine via N-carbamoylputrescine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine, via the intermediate N-carbamoylputrescine; in this pathway, arginine is converted to agmatine, and agmatine is converted to putrescine in two single enzymatic steps.
putrescine anabolism from arginine via N-carbamoylputrescine
putrescine biosynthesis from arginine via N-carbamoylputrescine
putrescine formation from arginine via N-carbamoylputrescine
putrescine synthesis from arginine via N-carbamoylputrescine
A ribonucleoprotein complex found in the cytoplasm of male germ cells, composed of exceedingly thin filaments that are consolidated into a compact mass or into dense strands of varying thickness that branch to form an irregular network. Contains mRNAs, miRNAs, and protein components involved in miRNA processing (such as Argonaute proteins and the endonuclease Dicer) and in RNA decay (such as the decapping enzyme DCP1a and GW182).
obsolete actin homodimerization activity
OBSOLETE. Binding to an identical actin monomer to form a homodimer.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homogalacturonan, a pectidic polymer, characterized by a backbone of 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.
beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 1,3 diaminopropane
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 1,3 diaminopropane.
beta-alanine anabolism via 1,3 diaminopropane
beta-alanine biosynthesis via 1,3 diaminopropane
beta-alanine formation via 1,3 diaminopropane
beta-alanine synthesis via 1,3 diaminopropane
beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 3-hydroxypropionate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 3-hydroxypropionate.
beta-alanine anabolism via 3-hydroxypropionate
beta-alanine biosynthesis via 3-hydroxypropionate
beta-alanine formation via 3-hydroxypropionate
beta-alanine synthesis via 3-hydroxypropionate
beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 3-ureidopropionate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 3-ureidopropionate.
beta-alanine anabolism via 3-ureidopropionate
beta-alanine formation via 3-ureidopropionate
beta-alanine synthesis via 3-ureidopropionate
The chemical reactions and pathways involving zeatin, 2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zeatin, 2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cis-zeatin, (2Z)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUU codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUC codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUA codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUG codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCU codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCC codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCA codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCG codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAU codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAC codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAA codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAG codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGU codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGC codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGA codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGG codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUU codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUC codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUA codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUG codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCU codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCC codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCA codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCG codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAU codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAC codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAA codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAG codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGU codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGC codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGA codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGG codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUU codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUC codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUA codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUG codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACU codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACC codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACA codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACG codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAU codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAC codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAA codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAG codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGU codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGC codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGA codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGG codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUU codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUC codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUA codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUG codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCU codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCC codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCA codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCG codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAU codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAC codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAA codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAG codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGU codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGC codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGA codon.
A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGG codon.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cis-zeatin, (2Z)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, a substance composed of the acidic sugar 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.
CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid metabolism
CMP-ketodeoxyoctanoate metabolic process
CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, a substance composed of the acidic sugar 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.
CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid anabolism
CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthesis
CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid formation
CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid synthesis
CMP-ketodeoxyoctanoate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin 12, (1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 1meta,4a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibbane-1alpha,10beta-dicarboxylic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellin 12, (1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 1meta,4a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibbane-1alpha,10beta-dicarboxylic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-L-galactose, a substance composed of L-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-galactose, a substance composed of L-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
indoleacetic acid conjugate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any indole-3-acetic acid conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to another molecule.
indole acetic acid conjugate metabolic process
indoleacetic acid conjugate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to another molecule.
indoleacetic acid conjugate biosynthesis
indole acetic acid conjugate biosynthesis
indole acetic acid conjugate biosynthetic process
indoleacetic acid amide conjugate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to an amino acid or polypeptide through an amide bond.
IAA amide conjugate biosynthetic process
indoleacetic acid amide conjugate anabolism
indoleacetic acid amide conjugate biosynthesis
indole acetic acid amide conjugate biosynthesis
indole acetic acid amide conjugate biosynthetic process
indoleacetic acid amide conjugate formation
indoleacetic acid amide conjugate synthesis
indoleacetic acid ester conjugate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to an a sugar or polyol through an ester bond.
IAA ester conjugate biosynthetic process
indoleacetic acid ester conjugate anabolism
indoleacetic acid ester conjugate biosynthesis
indole acetic acid ester conjugate biosynthesis
indole acetic acid ester conjugate biosynthetic process
indoleacetic acid ester conjugate formation
indoleacetic acid ester conjugate synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-methyl-methionine (SMM). SMM can be converted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-L-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-galacturonate, a substance composed of galacturonic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
UDP-D-galacturonate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-galacturonate, a substance composed of galacturonic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.
OBSOLETE. A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a gas within an organism or cell.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nitric oxide within a cell.
cyanidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.
delphinidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic, water-soluble anthocyanin responsible for blue coloration of flowers and fruits.
pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.
cholesterol biosynthetic process via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate 24,25-dihydrolanosterol.
cholesterol anabolism via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol
cholesterol biosynthesis via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol
cholesterol formation via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol
cholesterol synthesis via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol
cholesterol biosynthetic process via desmosterol
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate desmosterol.
cholesterol biosynthesis via desmosterol
cholesterol biosynthetic process via lathosterol
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate lathosterol.
cholesterol biosynthesis via lathosterol
The chemical reactions and pathways involving coniferin, 4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferulate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ferulate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
galactose catabolic process via D-galactonate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, via the intermediate D-galactonate.
galactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, via the intermediate UDP-galactose.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a carbohydrate within an organism or cell.
OBSOLETE. A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of galactose within an organism or cell.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of galactose within a cell.
A ubiquitin ligase complex that contains two RING finger proteins, which have ubiquitin ligase activity, in addition to a protein with ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme activity; catalyzes the ubiquitination of histone H2B at lysine 119 (or the equivalent residue). In Schizosaccharomyces the subunits are Rhp6, Shf1, Brl2/Rfp1 and Brl1/Rfp2.
The progression of the floor plate over time from its initial formation until its mature state.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the floor plate is generated and organized.
glucosinolate biosynthetic process from homomethionine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including homomethionine.
glucosinolate anabolism from homomethionine
glucosinolate biosynthesis from homomethionine
glucosinolate formation from homomethionine
glucosinolate synthesis from homomethionine
glucosinolate biosynthetic process from phenylalanine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including phenylalanine.
glucosinolate anabolism from phenylalanine
glucosinolate biosynthesis from phenylalanine
glucosinolate formation from phenylalanine
glucosinolate synthesis from phenylalanine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including butyrate.
glutamate catabolic process to propionate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including propionate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving luteolin, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of luteolin, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one.
L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via saccharopine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate saccharopine.
L-lysine breakdown to acetyl-CoA via saccharopine
L-lysine degradation to acetyl-CoA via saccharopine
L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via 5-aminopentanamide
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate 5-aminopentanamide.
L-lysine breakdown to acetyl-CoA via 5-aminopentanamide
L-lysine degradation to acetyl-CoA via 5-aminopentanamide
L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via L-pipecolate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate L-pipecolate.
L-lysine breakdown to acetyl-CoA via L-pipecolate
L-lysine degradation to acetyl-CoA via L-pipecolate
L-lysine catabolic process using lysine 6-aminotransferase
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including alpha-aminoadipate; in this pathway, L-lysine is converted to 2-aminoadipate-6-semialdehyde by lysine 6-aminotransferase.
L-lysine breakdown using lysine 6-aminotransferase
L-lysine degradation using lysine 6-aminotransferase
L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine.
L-methionine anabolism from homoserine via O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
L-methionine formation from homoserine via O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
L-methionine synthesis from homoserine via O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, a regulator of intracellular signaling, a highly abundant animal anti-nutrient and a phosphate and mineral storage compound in plant seeds.
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate metabolism
obsolete myo-inositol hexakisphosphate dephosphorylation
OBSOLETE. The process of removing one or more phosphate group from myo-inositol hexakisphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytyl diphosphate, (2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytyl diphosphate, (2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate.
The modification of histone H2A by addition of one or more ubiquitin groups.
The modification of histone H2B by addition of ubiquitin groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivates of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate
The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next, from other compounds, including L-glutamate.
tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glutamate
tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA
The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next, from other compounds, including glycine and succinyl-CoA.
tetrapyrrole anabolism from glycine and succinyl-CoA
tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
tetrapyrrole formation from glycine and succinyl-CoA
tetrapyrrole synthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-methyl-L-methionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, L-homocysteine, and L-methionine. Converts the methionine group of adenosylmethionine back to free methionine, and may serve regulate the cellular adenosylmethionine level.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of raffinose, the trisaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving raffinose, the trisaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving stachyose, the tetrasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stachyose, the tetrasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving verbascose, the pentasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of verbascose, the pentasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
ajugose biosynthetic process using galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, by a pathway in which galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase catalyzes chain elongation by transferring the alpha-galactosyl residue of galactinol to the oligosaccharide.
ajugose anabolism using galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase
ajugose biosynthesis using galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase
ajugose formation using galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase
ajugose synthesis using galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase
ajugose biosynthetic process using galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, by a pathway in which galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase catalyzes chain elongation by transferring the alpha-galactosyl residue of one raffinose-family oligosaccharide to another.
ajugose anabolism using galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase
ajugose biosynthesis using galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase
ajugose formation using galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase
ajugose synthesis using galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase
fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step of each oxidation cycle, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass through the respiratory chain to oxygen and leave H2O as the product. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase
A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, odd number
A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on odd-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, a cis-3-enoyl-CoA is generated by the core beta-oxidation pathway, and then converted to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, which can return to the core beta-oxidation pathway for complete degradation. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number
A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number, reductase/isomerase pathway
A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, the intermediate 2,4-dienoyl-CoA is converted to trans-2-enoyl-CoA by 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase and delta3-delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase; trans-2-enoyl-CoA returns to the core beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number, epimerase pathway
A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, the intermediate 2,4-dienoyl-CoA is converted to cis-2-enoyl-CoA through one more cycle of the core beta-oxidation pathway. Cis-2-enoyl-CoA cannot be completely degraded via the core beta-oxidation pathway because hydratation of cis-2-enoyl-CoA yields D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, which is not a substrate for 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Cis-2-enoyl-CoA must enter the so-called epimerase pathway, which involves converting D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA to L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA by 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA epimerase or by two stereo-specific enoyl-CoA hydratases. L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA then returns to the core beta-oxidation pathway. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, lipid-dependent
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, phytate, by a pathway using inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate produced from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C.
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate anabolism, lipid-dependent
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis, lipid-dependent
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate formation, lipid-dependent
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate synthesis, lipid-dependent
phytate biosynthetic process, lipid-dependent
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, phytate, by a pathway using inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate produced from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C; in this pathway, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is first converted to inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, and then phosphorylated further.
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate anabolism, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate formation, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate synthesis, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate
phytate biosynthesis, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate
phytate biosynthetic process, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate
obsolete myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, via direct phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1D myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, phytate, by a pathway using inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate produced from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C; in this pathway, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is successively phosphorylated to yield inositol hexakisphosphate.
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, lipid-independent
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, by the successively phosphorylation of myo-inositol or an inositol trisphosphate; the inositol trisphosphates that may be used by this pathway are inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 3,4,6trisphosphate.
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate anabolism, lipid-independent
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis, lipid-independent
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate formation, lipid-independent
myo-inositol hexakisphosphate synthesis, lipid-independent
phytate biosynthetic process, lipid-independent
Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated MAP kinase + H2O = a MAP kinase + phosphate.
MAP kinase tyrosine phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: MAP kinase tyrosine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase tyrosine + phosphate.
tyrosine-specific MAP kinase phosphatase activity
A protein complex required for clamping microtubule binding sites, ensuring orientation of sister kinetochores to the same pole (mono-orientation) during meiosis I. In the yeast S. cerevisiae this complex consists of Csm1p, Lrs4p, Hrr25p and Mam1p; in S. pombe Psc1 and Mde4 have been identified as subunits.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B3 stimulus.
A region of heterochromatin located at the rDNA repeats in a chromosome.
ribosomal DNA heterochromatin of cell nucleus
ribosomal DNA heterochromatin of nucleus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
multicellular organismal response to stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
dolichyl pyrophosphate Man7GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the addition of a glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Man(7)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.
dolichyl-P-Glc:Man7GlcNAc2-PP-dolichyl glucosyltransferase activity
A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses an endonuclease activity that specifically cleaves certain types of branched DNA structures; because such structures often form during the replication ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats, the complex plays a role in the maintenance of rDNA. The subunits are known as Slx1 and Slx 4 in budding and fission yeasts, and are conserved in eukaryotes.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-acetyl-L-lysyl-[protein] = acetate + L-lysyl-[protein].
unsaturated fatty acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADP+ = folate + NADPH + H+.
obsolete regulation of water loss via skin
OBSOLETE. A process that modulates the rate or extent of water loss from an organism via the skin.
co-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA interference machinery
A process in which the RNAi machinery mediates the degradation of nascent transcripts in association with chromatin.
cotranscriptional gene silencing by RNA interference machinery
cotranscriptional gene silencing by small RNA
co-transcriptional gene silencing by small RNA
small RNA-mediated cotranscriptional gene silencing
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the dorsal-ventral body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
A protein complex required for the recycling of Golgi proteins, formation of lumenal membranes and sorting of ubiquitinated proteins into those membranes. This complex includes Vps1p and Hse1p in yeast and the Hrs and STAM proteins in mammals.
Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of gamma-tubulin complex localization
DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing
The DNA metabolic process, occurring during lagging strand synthesis, by which RNA primers are removed from Okazaki fragments, the resulting gaps filled by DNA polymerization, and the ends ligated to form a continuous strand.
Combining with lactoferrin and delivering lactoferrin into the cell via endocytosis. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein which binds ferric iron most efficiently at low pH.
lactoferrin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of lactoferrin from one side of a membrane to the other.
obsolete transferrin transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of transferrin from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of lactoferrin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of transferrin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A protein complex composed of a multicopper ferroxidase that oxidizes Fe(II) to Fe(III), and a ferric iron permease that transports the produced Fe(III) into the cell. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus.
obsolete protein glycosylation at cell surface
OBSOLETE. The addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid at the surface of a cell.
obsolete protein glycosylation in cytosol
OBSOLETE. The addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in the cytosol.
obsolete protein glycosylation in endoplasmic reticulum
OBSOLETE. The addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in the endoplasmic reticulum.
OBSOLETE. The addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus.
obsolete protein galactosylation in endoplasmic reticulum
OBSOLETE. The addition of a galactose unit to a protein amino acid in the endoplasmic reticulum.
obsolete protein galactosylation at cell surface
OBSOLETE. The addition of a galactose unit to a protein amino acid at the surface of a cell.
obsolete protein galactosylation in Golgi
OBSOLETE. The addition of a galactose unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus.
obsolete protein galactosylation in cytosol
OBSOLETE. The addition of a galactose unit to a protein amino acid in the cytosol.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the rhabdomere.
tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.
tyrosine anabolism from chorismate via L-arogenate
tyrosine formation from chorismate via L-arogenate
tyrosine synthesis from chorismate via L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process from chorismate via phenylpyruvate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate phenylpyruvate.
L-phenylalanine anabolism from chorismate via phenylpyruvate
L-phenylalanine biosynthesis from chorismate via phenylpyruvate
L-phenylalanine formation from chorismate via phenylpyruvate
L-phenylalanine synthesis from chorismate via phenylpyruvate
L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.
L-phenylalanine anabolism from chorismate via L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine biosynthesis from chorismate via L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine formation from chorismate via L-arogenate
L-phenylalanine synthesis from chorismate via L-arogenate
A heterohexameric protein complex composed two discrete heterotrimeric subcomplexes that is involved in modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalamin (vitamin B12) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.
An activity that facilitates the formation of a complementary double-stranded RNA molecule.
A heterodimeric protein complex formed of BRCA2 and MAGE-D1; may mediate the synergistic activities of the two proteins in regulating cell growth.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a genistein stimulus.
A protein complex consisting of at least tumerin and hamartin; its formation may regulate hamartin homomultimer formation. The complex acts as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase (Rheb), and inhibits the TOR signaling pathway.
A multiprotein complex that functions as a mitotic checkpoint inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). In budding yeast this complex consists of Mad2p, Mad3p, Bub3p and Cdc20p, and in mammalian cells it consists of MAD2, BUBR1, BUB3, and CDC20.
mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Mammary gland epithelial cells make up the covering of surfaces of the mammary gland. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.
negative regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.
downregulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
down regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
down-regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
inhibition of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
positive regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.
activation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
stimulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
upregulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
up regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
up-regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
negative regulation of dopamine secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.
positive regulation of dopamine secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.
negative regulation of catecholamine secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine.
downregulation of catecholamine secretion
down regulation of catecholamine secretion
down-regulation of catecholamine secretion
positive regulation of catecholamine secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine.
up regulation of catecholamine secretion
up-regulation of catecholamine secretion
chemokine receptor transport within lipid bilayer
The directed movement of a chemokine receptor within a lipid bilayer.
chemokine receptor translocation within membrane
A heterodimeric protein complex formed of superoxide dismutase 1 and Bcl-2. Complex formation is thought to link superoxide dismutase to an apoptotic pathway.
Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-CoA + oxalate = formate + oxalyl-CoA.
formyl-CoA:oxalate CoA-transferase activity
formyl-CoA oxalate CoA-transferase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.
receptor serine/threonine kinase binding
Binding to a receptor that possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase ligand binding
chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane.
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the plasma membrane.
mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis
mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase complex assembly
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV assembly
plasma membrane respiratory chain complex IV assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) in the plasma membrane.
plasma membrane cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis
plasma membrane cytochrome c oxidase complex assembly
The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of its intracellular or ecto-domains.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that forms during meiotic prophase in a fixed position in the horsetail nucleus; contains Mei2 and meiRNA. May play a role in the progression of meiosis I.
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, meiosis-specific transcripts
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the selective degradation of meiosis-specific transcripts during vegetative growth, by a mechanism that requires determinant of selective removal (DSR) sequences in the targeted mRNAs and involves a YTH family protein.
degradation of meiosis-specific transcripts
mRNA breakdown, meiosis-specific transcripts
mRNA catabolism, meiosis-specific transcripts
mRNA degradation, meiosis-specific transcripts
nuclear mRNA catabolic process, meiosis-specific transcripts
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits, that lead to the increased affinity of the integrin for its extracellular ligands.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.
regulation of integrin complex activation
negative regulation of integrin activation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.
negative regulation of integrin complex activation
positive regulation of integrin activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.
positive regulation of integrin complex activation
positive regulation of integrin activation by cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation by cell surface receptor linked signal transduction. This can occur by increased affinity of an integrin for its extracellular ligands.
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction leading to integrin activation
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction leading to integrin complex activation
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.
cell adhesion mediated by integrin complex
regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin complex
negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin complex
positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin complex
The attachment of one cell to another cell via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.
cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin complex
regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin complex
negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin complex
positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin complex
modulation by symbiont of host response to abiotic stimulus
Any process in which an organism modulates a change in the state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host response to temperature stimulus
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host response to cold
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host heat acclimation
Any process in which an organism modulates the host's tolerance to high temperatures, above the optimal temperature for that organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host response to heat
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host response to water
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host response to osmotic stress
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host response to pH
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host response to gravitational stimulus
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any constituent part of a host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Double layer of lipid molecules as it encloses host cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the host cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any constituent part of the living contents of a host cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the host cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
host intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, as found in host cells, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
host intracellular membrane-enclosed organelle
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle as found in host cells that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cell cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any member of a family of organelles as found in the cytoplasm of host cells, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A chlorophyll-containing plastid as found within host cells with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any constituent part of a chloroplast as it is found in host cells and which are a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
host cell chloroplast thylakoid membrane
Any sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast found in host cells, combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any constituent part of the host cell cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modification by symbiont of host chloroplast
The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of host cell chloroplasts. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modification by symbiont of host chloroplast part
The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a component of the host cell chloroplast. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modification by symbiont of host chloroplast thylakoid
The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cell chloroplast thylakoid. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modification by symbiont of host mitochondrion
The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of host cell mitochondria. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
suppression by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response
Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
down regulation by symbiont of defense response in host by specific elicitors
down-regulation by symbiont of host gene-for-gene resistance
downregulation by symbiont of pathogen-race/host plant cultivar-specific resistance in symbiont
inhibition by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response
negative regulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response
effector-mediated defense to host-produced reactive oxygen species
A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of reactive oxygen species produced by the host as part of its innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by organism of defense-related host AOS production
down regulation by organism of defense-related host metabolic burst
down-regulation by organism of defense-related host oxidative burst
inhibition by organism of defense-related host active oxygen species production
negative regulation by organism of defense-related host reactive oxidative species production
negative regulation by organism of defense-related host reactive oxygen intermediate production
negative regulation by organism of defense-related host respiratory burst
negative regulation by organism of defense-related host ROI production
negative regulation by organism of defense-related host ROS production
negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
suppression by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host defense-related protein level
OBSOLETE. The alternation by a symbiont of the levels of defense-related proteins in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by symbiont of host defense-related protein level
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont reduces of the levels of defense-related proteins in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by symbiont of host defense-related protein level
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases levels of defense-related proteins in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of growth or development of symbiont in host
OBSOLETE. Any process by which the symbiont regulates the increase in its size or mass, or its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of growth or development of symbiont in host
OBSOLETE. Any process by which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases its size or mass or its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of growth or development of symbiont in host
OBSOLETE. Any process by which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces its increase in size or mass or its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
suppression by symbiont of host apoptotic process
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
down regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
down-regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
inhibition by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
negative regulation by symbiont of host apoptosis
negative regulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NAD kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an NAD molecule.
negative regulation of NAD+ kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NAD kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an NAD molecule.
positive regulation of NAD+ kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NAD kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an NAD molecule.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
A membrane-bounded vesicle found near the apical, or pericanalicular, membrane of a hepatocyte; contains proteins involved in bile salt transport and other fluid and solute transport processes.
Unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex, i.e. a double helix in which a strand of DNA pairs with a complementary strand of RNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
Unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex in the 5' to 3' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA/RNA helicase activity
ATP-dependent 5' to 3' DNA/RNA helicase activity
Unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex in the 3' to 5' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA/RNA helicase activity
ATP-dependent 3' to 5' DNA/RNA helicase activity
obsolete nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision
OBSOLETE. A process that results in the endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA. The incision occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound.
regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.
negative regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.
downregulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
down regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
down-regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion
positive regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.
activation of luteinizing hormone secretion
stimulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
upregulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
up regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
up-regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
The multiplication or reproduction of osteoblasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoblast cell population. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.
negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.
downregulation of osteoblast proliferation
down regulation of osteoblast proliferation
down-regulation of osteoblast proliferation
positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.
upregulation of osteoblast proliferation
up regulation of osteoblast proliferation
up-regulation of osteoblast proliferation
Binding to a sialic acid, a N- or O- substituted derivative of neuraminic acid, a nine carbon monosaccharide. Sialic acids often occur in polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria.
obsolete cellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
The assembly of neurofilaments into bundles, in which the filaments are longitudinally oriented, with numerous crossbridges between them. Neurofilament bundles may be cross-linked to each other, to membrane-bounded organelles or other cytoskeletal structures such as microtubules.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, quinone or similar compound as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar acceptor molecule.
A process that forms a boundary that limits the spreading of heterochromatin along a chromosome.
maintenance of heterochromatin boundaries
negative regulation of extent of heterochromatin assembly
negative regulation of extent of heterochromatin formation
negative regulation of heterochromatin spreading
regulation of extent of heterochromatin assembly
regulation of extent of heterochromatin formation
obsolete positive regulation of extent of heterochromatin assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the extent of heterochromatin formation; increases the size of a chromosomal region converted to heterochromatin.
A histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones preferentially in promoter regions. Composed of a catalytic histone deacetylase subunit, an Sds-3 family protein, a SIN3 family co-repressor, a WD repeat protein, and a zf- PHD finger (Clr6, Sds3, Pst1, Prw1, Png2 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe; Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Pho23p, Sap30p, Sds3p, Cti6p, Rxt2p, Rxt3p, Dep1p, Ume6p and Ash1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
DNA 5'-adenosine monophosphate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-AMP-DNA + H2O = AMP + DNA; nucleophilic release of a covalently linked adenylate residue from a DNA strand, leaving a 5' phosphate terminus.
The directed movement of a phospholipid out of a cell or organelle.
Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-D-galactose + 2 NADP+ + H2O = dTDP-D-galacturonate + 2 NADPH + 2 H+.
dTDP-D-galactose:NADP+ 6-oxidoreductase activity
thymidine-diphosphate-galactose dehydrogenase activity
(+)-trans-carveol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (1R,5S)-carveol + NAD+ = (S)-carvone + H+ + NADH.
(+)-trans-carveol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
3beta-hydroxy-5beta-steroid dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-pregnane-20-one + NADP+ = 5beta-pregnan-3,20-dione + H+ + NADPH.
3beta-hydroxy-5beta-steroid:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
3beta-hydroxysteroid 5beta-oxidoreductase activity
3beta-hydroxysteroid 5beta-progesterone oxidoreductase activity
3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-steroid dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnane-20-one + NADP+ = 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione + H+ + NADPH.
3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-steroid:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+.
GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-mannose reductase activity
GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase activity
GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose:NAD(P)+ 4-oxidoreductase (D-rhamnose-forming) activity
obsolete quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reactions: L-quinate + NAD(P)+ = 3-dehydroquinate + NAD(P)H + H+, and shikimate + NAD(P)+ = 3-dehydroshikimate + NAD(P)H + H+.
3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineic acid + NAD(P)+ = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + NAD(P)H + H+.
2'-deoxymugineic acid:NAD(P)+ 3''-oxidoreductase activity
isocitrate-homoisocitrate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH, and (1R,2S)-1-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + NAD+ = 2-oxoadipate + CO2 + NADH + H+.
homoisocitrate-isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
isocitrate(homoisocitrate):NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) activity
D-arabinitol dehydrogenase, D-ribulose forming (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NADP+ = D-ribulose + NADPH + H+.
D-arabinitol:NADP+ dehydrogenase activity
NADP+-dependent D-arabinitol dehydrogenase activity
4-phosphoerythronate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-phospho-D-erythronate + NAD+ = (R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate + H+ + NADH.
4-O-phosphoerythronate dehydrogenase activity
4-phospho-D-erythronate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
erythronate-4-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase (1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol + NADP+ = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + H+ + NADPH.
1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
choline:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: choline + O2 = betaine aldehyde + hydrogen peroxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: secondary alcohol + O2 = H2O2 + ketone.
secondary-alcohol:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: inosine + O2 = 9-riburonosylhypoxanthine + 2 H2O; (1a) 2 inosine + O2 = 2 5'-dehydroinosine + 2 H2O, and (1b) 2 5'-dehydroinosine + O2 = 2 9-riburonosylhypoxanthine + 2 H2O.
nucleoside:oxygen 5'-oxidoreductase activity
nucleoside oxidase (hydrogen peroxide-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reactions: adenosine + 2 O2 = 9-riburonosyladenine + 2 hydrogen peroxide.
nucleoside:oxygen 5'-oxidoreductase (hydrogen peroxide-forming) activity
gluconate 2-dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + acceptor = 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + reduced acceptor.
D-gluconate:(acceptor) 2-oxidoreductase activity
D-gluconate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase activity
D-gluconate dehydrogenase, 2-keto-D-gluconate-yielding activity
pyranose dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity
Catalysis of the reactions: pyranose + acceptor = 2-dehydropyranose (or 3-dehydropyranose or 2,3-didehydropyranose) + reduced acceptor, and a pyranoside + acceptor = a 3-dehydropyranoside (or 3,4-didehydropyranoside) + reduced acceptor.
pyranose:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
pyranose-quinone oxidoreductase activity
quinone-dependent pyranose dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a (2R)-hydroxy-carboxylate + acceptor = a 2-oxo-carboxylate + reduced acceptor.
(2R)-hydroxy-carboxylate:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
(2R)-hydroxycarboxylate-viologen-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate + acceptor = 2-oxo-2-phenylacetate + reduced acceptor.
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = an acid + NADPH + H+.
NADP-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
NADP-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopropanoate + NAD(P)+ + H2O = malonate + NAD(P)H + H+.
3-oxopropanoate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
malonic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
fluoroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: fluoroacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = fluoroacetate + NADH + 2 H+.
fluoroacetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = an acid + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin.
aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
tungsten-containing aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
aldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-independent) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + acceptor = a carboxylate + reduced acceptor.
aldehyde:acceptor oxidoreductase (FAD-independent) activity
divinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADP+ = divinyl chlorophyllide a + NADPH + H+.
[4-vinyl]chlorophyllide a reductase activity
chlorophyllide-a:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD(P)+ = an anthocyanidin + 2 NAD(P)H + H+.
flavan-3-ol:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
arogenate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NADP+ = L-tyrosine + NADPH + CO2.
L-arogenate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) activity
arogenate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NAD(P)+ = L-tyrosine + NAD(P)H + CO2.
L-arogenate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) activity
pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2 = 2 H2O + 2 H2O2 + H+ + pyrroloquinoline quinone.
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase (cyclizing) activity
(R)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-benzylsuccinyl-CoA + 2 electron-transferring flavoprotein = (E)-2-benzylidenesuccinyl-CoA + 2 reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein.
(R)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
(R)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = oxaloacetate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.
L-aspartate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
NAD-dependent aspartate dehydrogenase activity
NADH2-dependent aspartate dehydrogenase activity
NADP+-dependent aspartate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + H2O + O2 = allysine + H2O2 + NH4.
L-lysine:oxygen 6-oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-pyrroline + NAD+ + 2 H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+.
1-pyrroline:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (ferredoxin) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + oxidized ferredoxin = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + reduced ferredoxin.
5-methyltetrahydrofolate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine + 2 NADP+ = 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + 3 H+ + 2 NADPH.
7-aminomethyl-7-carbaguanine:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
7-cyano-7-deazaguanine reductase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: hydroxylamine + NH3 = hydrazine + H2O, and hydrazine + acceptor = N2 + reduced acceptor.
hydroxylamine:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
adenylyl-sulfate reductase (glutathione) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + glutathione disulfide + H+ + sulfite = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + 2 glutathione.
AMP,sulfite:glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase (adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming) activity
AMP,sulfite:oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase (adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming) activity
plant-type 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase activity
peptide-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: peptide-L-methionine + H2O + thioredoxin disulfide = peptide-L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + thioredoxin. Can act on oxidized methionine in peptide linkage with specificity for the R enantiomer. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.
methionine S-oxide reductase (R-form oxidizing) activity
methionine sulfoxide reductase B activity
peptide-methionine:thioredoxin-disulfide S-oxidoreductase [methionine (R)-S-oxide-forming] activity
protein-methionine-R-oxide reductase activity
L-methionine:thioredoxin-disulfide S-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin.
acetylmethionine sulfoxide reductase activity
free-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase activity
L-methionine:oxidized-thioredoxin S-oxidoreductase activity
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide reductase activity
methyl sulfoxide reductase I and II activity
L-methionine-(R)-S-oxide reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + thioredoxin.
free-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase activity
L-methionine:thioredoxin-disulfide S-oxidoreductase [L-methionine (R)-S-oxide-forming] activity
Catalysis of the removal of the methyl group from a modified arginine residue at position 2 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.
histone demethylase activity (H3-R2 specific)
histone H3-methyl-arginine-2 demethylase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reactions: Reactive Black 5 + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized Reactive Black 5 + 2 H2O, and donor + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized donor + 2 H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + A = AH2.
hydrogen:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
hydrogen:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the removal of the methyl group from a modified arginine residue at position 3 of the histone H4 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.
histone demethylase activity (H4-R3 specific)
histone H4-methyl-arginine-3 demethylase activity
A process in which a ribosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9Z,12Z)-(7S,8S)-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: pentane-2,4-dione + O2 = acetate + 2-oxopropanal.
acetylacetone:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tryptophan + O2 = N-formylkynurenine. The product of the reaction depends on the substrate; D-tryptophan produces N-formyl-D-kynurenine, and L-tryptophan produces N-formyl-L-kynurenine.
D-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4 sulfur + 4 H2O + O2 = 2 hydrogen sulfide + 2 bisulfite + 2 H+.
sulfur:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydrogen-sulfide- and sulfite-forming) activity
Oplophorus-luciferin 2-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: Oplophorus luciferin + O2 = oxidized Oplophorus luciferin + CO2 + hnu.
Oplophorus-luciferin:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + acceptor = 3-dehydro-alpha-D-glucosyl-beta-D-fructofuranoside + reduced acceptor.
D-aldohexoside:(acceptor) 3-oxidoreductase
D-aldohexoside:acceptor 3-oxidoreductase
D-aldohexoside:cytochrome c oxidoreductase
hexopyranoside-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
Catalysis of the reactions: deoxyamidinoproclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = amidinoproclavaminate + succinate + CO2 + H2O; proclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydroclavaminate + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O; and dihydroclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = clavaminate + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O.
deoxyamidinoproclavaminate,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a flavanone + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a flavone + succinate + CO2 + H2O.
flavanone,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (dehydrating) activity
2'-deoxymugineic-acid 2'-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = CO2 + H+ + mugineate + succinate.
2'-deoxymugineic acid,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reactions: mugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2.
mugineic acid,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.
L-proline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) activity
steroid dehydrogenase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP, and in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.
steroid dehydrogenase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor, and in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.
2-hydroxyquinoline 8-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + quinolin-2-ol = H2O + NAD+ + quinoline-2,8-diol.
2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline 8-monooxygenase activity
quinolin-2(1H)-one,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (8-oxygenating) activity
4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4'-hydroxyacetophenone + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate + H2O + NADP+.
(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (ester-forming) activity
A nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex that specifically targets SUMOylated proteins; the complex is formed of homodimers or heterodimers of RNF4 family ubiquitin ligases and is conserved in eukaryotes.
Catalysis of the reactions: 2-dimethylallyl-(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + NADPH + H+ + O2 = glyceollin II or glyceollin III + NADP+ + 2 H2O, and 4-dimethylallyl-(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + NADPH + H+ + O2 = glyceollin I + NADP+ + 2 H2O.
dimethylallyl-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan cyclase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: liquiritigenin + O2 + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 2,4',7-trihydroxyisoflavanone + H2O + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] and (2S)-naringenin + O2 + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 2,4',5,7-tetrahydroxyisoflavanone + H2O + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + liquiritigenin + NADPH + O2 = H2O + licodione + NADP+.
liquiritigenin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (licodione-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reactions: a flavanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = a 3'-hydroxyflavanone + NADP+ + H2O, and a 3'-hydroxyflavanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = a 3',5'-dihydroxyflavanone + NADP+ + H2O.
flavanone,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an isoflavone + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = a 2'-hydroxyisoflavone + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].
A region in the lower half of some cells formed from extensive infoldings of the basal plasma membrane; includes cytoplasm adjacent to the infolded membrane.
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deoxysarpagine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = H2O + NADP+ + sarpagine.
10-deoxysarpagine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (10-hydroxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + phenylacetone = benzyl acetate + H2O + NADP+.
phenylacetone,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + lithocholate + NADPH + O2 = 6-beta-hydroxylithocholate + H2O + NADP+.
cytochrome P450 3A10/lithocholic acid 6beta-hydroxylase activity
lithocholate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6beta-hydroxylating) activity
lithocholate 6beta-monooxygenase activity
7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one 12alpha-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + H2O + NADP+.
7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one 12alpha-monooxygenase activity
5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol 12alpha-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol + H2O + NADP+.
5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (12alpha-hydroxylating) activity
5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol 12alpha-monooxygenase activity
taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: taurochenodeoxycholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = taurohyocholate + NADP+ + H2O, and lithocholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hyodeoxycholate + NADP+ + H2O.
taurochenodeoxycholate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6alpha-hydroxylating) activity
taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol + H2O + NADP+.
cholesterol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (24-hydroxylating) activity
24-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (24S)-hydroxycholesterol + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = (24S)-7alpha-dihydroxycholesterol + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].
24-cholest-5-ene-3beta,24-diol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (7alpha-hydroxylating) activity
24-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-monooxygenase activity
25-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: cholest-5-ene-3beta,25-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,25-triol + NADP+ + H2O, and cholest-5-ene-3beta,27-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,27-triol + NADP+ + H2O.
25-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-monooxygenase activity
cholest-5-ene-3beta,25-diol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (7alpha-hydroxylating) activity
CYP7B1 oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + senecionine = H2O + NADP+ + senecionine N-oxide.
senecionine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-oxide-forming) activity
senecionine monooxygenase (N-oxide-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-alpha,beta-D-heptose-7-phosphate + ATP = D-beta-D-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate + ADP.
D-alpha,beta-D-heptose 7-phosphate 1-kinase activity
heptose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-beta-D-heptose-1-phosphate + ATP = ADP-D-glycero-D-manno-heptose.
D-beta-D-heptose 1-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
heptose 1-phosphate adenyltransferase activity
cyanocobalamin reductase (cyanide-eliminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cob(I)alamin + hydrogen cyanide + NADP+ = cyanocob(III)alamin + H+ + NADPH.
cob(I)alamin, cyanide:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
cyanocobalamin reductase (NADPH, cyanide-eliminating) activity
cyanocobalamin reductase (NADPH; CN-eliminating) activity
NADPH:cyanocob(III)alamin oxidoreductase (cyanide-eliminating) activity
NADPH2:cyanocob(III)alamin oxidoreductase (cyanide-eliminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O = 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+.
(2R,3S)-catechin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 1,4-benzoquinone + H2O + phenylacetyl-CoA = 2 hydroquinone + phenylglyoxylyl-CoA.
phenylacetyl-CoA:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
phenylacetyl-CoA:quinone oxidoreductase activity
hydroxymethylfurfural reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NAD(P)H + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NAD(P)+.
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA 24-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA + H2O + acceptor = (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA + reduced acceptor.
(25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA:acceptor 24-oxidoreductase (24R-hydroxylating) activity
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oate 24-hydroxylase activity
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA oxidase activity
trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA oxidase activity
3alpha-hydroxy bile acid-CoA-ester 3-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: a 3alpha-hydroxy bile acid CoA + NAD+ = a 3-oxo bile acid CoA + H+ + NADH.
Catalysis of the reactions: 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone + O2 = aureusidin + H2O, and 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone + 1/2 O2 = aureusidin + H2O.
2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + methylamine + thioredoxin disulfide = N-methylglycine + phosphate + thioredoxin.
acetyl-phosphate methylamine:thioredoxin disulfide oxidoreductase (N-methylglycine-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + trimethylamine + thioredoxin disulfide = N,N,N-trimethylglycine + phosphate + thioredoxin.
acetyl-phosphate trimethylamine:thioredoxin disulfide oxidoreductase (N,N,N-trimethylglycine-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reduction of elemental sulfur or polysulfide to hydrogen sulfide.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 e(-) + 2 H+ + selenate = H2O + selenite.
selenite:reduced acceptor oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H+ = L-thyroxine + AH2.
acceptor:3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine oxidoreductase (iodinating) activity
iodothyronine inner ring monodeiodinase activity
type III iodothyronine deiodinase activity
myricetin 3'-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + myricetin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + laricitrin.
flavonoid 3',5'-O-dimethyltransferase activity
myricetin 3-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:myricetin O-methyltransferase activity
isoflavone 7-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 7-hydroxyisoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 7-methoxyisoflavone.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:hydroxyisoflavone 7-O-methyltransferase activity
vitexin 2''-O-rhamnoside 7-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + vitexin 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnoside = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-O-methylvitexin 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnoside.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:vitexin-2''-O-beta-L-rhamnoside 7-O-methyltransferase activity
isoliquiritigenin 2'-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoliquiritigenin = 2'-O-methylisoliquiritigenin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:isoliquiritigenin 2'-O-methyltransferase activity
kaempferol 4'-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + kaempferol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + kaempferide.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:flavonoid 4'-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:kaempferol 4'-O-methyltransferase activity
obsolete glycine/sarcosine N-methyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reactions: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosine, and S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine.
obsolete sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reactions: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine, and S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine + fluoroacetaldehyde = acetaldehyde + 4-fluoro-L-threonine.
fluoroacetaldehyde:L-threonine aldehydetransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+ = icosanoyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 NAD(P)+.
stearoyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl-reducing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = 4 CoA + isoliquiritigenin + 3 CO2 + NADP+ + H2O.
malonyl-CoA:4-coumaroyl-CoA malonyltransferase (cyclizing, reducing) activity
anthocyanin 6''-O-malonyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside).
malonyl-CoA:anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside 6''-O-malonyltransferase activity
malonyl-coenzymeA:anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside 6''-O-malonyltransferase activity
anthocyanin 5-O-glucoside 6'''-O-malonyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + pelargonidin 3-O-(6-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucoside) 5-O-beta-D-glucoside = CoA + 4'''-demalonylsalvianin.
malonyl-CoA:pelargonidin-3-O-(6-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucoside)-5-O-beta-D-glucoside 6'''-O-malonyltransferase activity
flavonol-3-O-triglucoside O-coumaroyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaroyl-CoA + a flavonol 3-O-[beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside] = CoA + a flavonol 3-O-[6-(4-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside].
4-coumaroyl-CoA:flavonol-3-O-[beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside] 6'''-O-4-coumaroyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoadipyl-CoA.
succinyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-succinyltransferase activity
deacetylcephalosporin-C acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + deacetylcephalosporin C = cephalosporin C + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:DAC acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:DAC O-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:deacetylcephalosporin-C acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:deacetylcephalosporin-C O-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl coenzyme A:DAC acetyltransferase activity
deacetylcephalosporin C acetyltransferase activity
propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA = CoA + 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-24-oxo-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA.
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoyl-CoA:propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA = 4 CoA + 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl + 4 CO2.
malonyl-CoA:benzoyl-CoA malonyltransferase activity
diaminobutyrate acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + acetyl-CoA = N(4)-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + CoA + H+.
2,4-diaminobutanoate acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:L-2,4-diaminobutanoate 4-N-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:L-2,4-diaminobutanoate N4-acetyltransferase activity
diaminobutyric acid acetyltransferase activity
L-2,4-diaminobutanoate acetyltransferase activity
L-2,4-diaminobutyrate acetyltransferase activity
beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase III activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = acetoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CoA + CO2.
3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III activity
acetyl-CoA:malonyl-acyl-carrier-protein C-acyltransferase activity
beta-ketoacyl (acyl carrier protein) synthase III activity
beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + octanoyl-[ACP] = H+ + holo-[ACP] + N6-octanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].
lipoyl (octanoyl)-acyl carrier protein:protein transferase activity
lipoyl (octanoyl)-acyl-carrier-protein-protein N-lipoyltransferase activity
octanoyl-acyl-carrier-protein:protein N-octanoyltransferase activity
octanoyl-acyl carrier protein-protein N-octanoyltransferase activity
octanoyl-acyl-carrier-protein-protein N-octanoyltransferase activity
octanoyl transferase activity (acting on glycine-cleavage complex H protein)
Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a hydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA.
T2-HMC-alpha-glucosyl transferase activity
T4-HMC-alpha-glucosyl transferase activity
T6-HMC-alpha-glucosyl transferase activity
UDP-glucose:DNA alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose-DNA alpha-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-deoxyribonucleate alpha-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a hydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA.
T4-HMC-beta-glucosyl transferase activity
T4 phage beta-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:DNA beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:DNA beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP glucose-DNA beta-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-deoxyribonucleate beta-glucosyltransferase activity
glucosyl-DNA beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a glucosylhydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA.
T6-glucosyl-HMC-beta-glucosyl transferase activity
UDPglucose:D-glucosyl-DNA beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:D-glucosyl-DNA beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-glucosyldeoxyribonucleate beta-glucosyltransferase activity
procollagen glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 5-(D-galactosyloxy)-L-lysine-procollagen = UDP + 1,2-D-glucosyl-5-D-(galactosyloxy)-L-lysine-procollagen.
collagen hydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase activity
galactosylhydroxylysine glucosyltransferase activity
galactosylhydroxylysine-glucosyltransferase activity
galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:5-(D-galactosyloxy)-L-lysine-procollagen D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:5-(D-galactosyloxy)-L-lysine-procollagen D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-collagenglucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-collagen glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from sucrose to alternately the 6-position and the 3-position of the non-reducing terminal residue of an alpha-D-glucan, thus producing a glucan having alternating alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,3-linkages.
sucrose:1,6-, 1,3-alpha-D-glucan 3-alpha- and 6-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
sucrose:1,6(1,3)-alpha-D-glucan 6(3)-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
sucrose-1,6(3)-alpha-glucan 6(3)-alpha-glucosyltransferase activity
oligosaccharide 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of the non-reducing terminal alpha-D-glucose residue from a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan to the 4-position of an alpha-D-glucan, thus bringing about the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides.
1,4-alpha-D-glucan:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
1,4-alpha-glucan:1,4-alpha-glucan 4-alpha-glucosyltransferase activity
xyloglucan 4-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose on to a glucose residue in xyloglucan, forming a beta-1,4-D-glucosyl-D-glucose linkage.
UDPglucose:xyloglucan 1,4-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:xyloglucan 1,4-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-xyloglucan 4beta-glucosyltransferase activity
xyloglucan 4beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
high-mannose-oligosaccharide beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue from UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to the 4-position of a mannose linked alpha-1,6 to the core mannose of high-mannose oligosaccharides produced by Dictyostelium discoideum.
acetylglucosamine-oligosaccharide acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-GlcNAc:oligosaccharide beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:high-mannose-oligosaccharide beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-oligosaccharide acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
glucosylglycerol-phosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP-glucose = 2-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + H+.
ADPglucose:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
ADP-glucose:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
glucosyl-glycerol-phosphate synthase activity
O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-GlcNAc residue from UDP-D-GlcNAc to the fucose residue of a fucosylated protein acceptor.
O-fucosylpeptide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-D-GlcNAc:O-L-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
Skp1-protein-hydroxyproline N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine + Skp1-protein-hydroxyproline = UDP + Skp1-protein-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)hydroxyproline.
UDP-GlcNAc:hydroxyproline polypeptide GlcNAc-transferase activity
UDP-GlcNAc:Skp1-hydroxyproline GlcNAc-transferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:Skp1-protein-hydroxyproline N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-transferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc):hydroxyproline polypeptide GlcNAc-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: kojibiose + phosphate = beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose.
2-alpha-D-glucosyl-D-glucose:phosphate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
alpha,alpha-trehalose:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
hydroxymethylfurfural reductase (NADH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NADH + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NAD+.
kaempferol 3-O-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + kaempferol = UDP + kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactoside.
UDP-galactose:kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactosyltransferase activity
flavanone 7-O-glucoside 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-L-rhamnose + a flavanone 7-O-glucoside = UDP + a flavanone 7-O-[beta-L-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside].
UDP-L-rhamnose:flavanone-7-O-glucoside 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnosyltransferase activity
UDP-rhamnose:flavanone-7-O-glucoside-2''-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity
flavonol 7-O-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 7-O-beta-D-glucoside.
UDP-glucose:flavonol 7-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:flavonol 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity
anthocyanin 3'-O-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + an anthocyanin = UDP + an anthocyanin 3'-O-beta-D-glucoside.
UDP-glucose:anthocyanin 3'-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:anthocyanin 3'-O-glucosyltransferase activity
flavonol-3-O-glucoside glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside.
UDP-glucose:flavonol-3-O-glucoside 2''-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
flavonol-3-O-glycoside glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside.
UDP-glucose:flavonol-3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside 2'''-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
NDP-glucose-starch glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n = NDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1.
granule-bound starch synthase I activity
granule-bound starch synthase II activity
NDP-glucose:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
NDPglucose-starch glucosyltransferase activity
starch granule-bound nucleoside diphosphate glucose-starch glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]m+1 alpha-D-glucopyranoside + [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]n+1 alpha-D-glucopyranoside = [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]m alpha-D-glucopyranoside + [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]n+1 beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (m > 0; n >= 0).
1F-oligo[beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]sucrose 6G-beta-D-fructotransferase activity
fructan:fructan 6G-fructosyltransferase activity
N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group.
beta1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
beta1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase III activity
beta1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase IV activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-group beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
xyloglucan 6-xylosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-xylosyl residue from UDP-D-xylose to a glucose residue in xyloglucan, forming an alpha-1,6-D-xylosyl-D-glucose linkage.
UDP-D-xylose:xyloglucan 1,6-alpha-D-xylosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoxylose-xyloglucan 6alpha-xylosyltransferase activity
xyloglucan 6-alpha-D-xylosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the elimination of sulfate from the D-galactose 6-sulfate residues of porphyran, producing 3,6-anhydrogalactose residues.
D-galactose-6-sulfate:alkyltransferase (cyclizing) activity
hydroxymethylfurfural reductase (NADPH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NADPH + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + fluoride = 5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine + L-methionine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:fluoride adenosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + hydrogen sulfide = L-cysteine + phosphate.
O-phospho-L-serine:hydrogen-sulfide 2-amino-2-carboxyethyltransferase activity
N2-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-arginine = N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + H+ + phosphate.
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:L-arginine 2-N-(2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl) transferase (2-carboxyethyl-forming) activity
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:L-arginine N2-(2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl) transferase (2-carboxyethyl-forming) activity
N2-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine synthetase activity
chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = (R,R)-chrysanthemyl diphosphate + diphosphate.
dimethylallyl-diphosphate:dimethylallyl-diphosphate dimethylallyltransferase (chrysanthemyl-diphosphate-forming) activity
Z-farnesyl diphosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = 2-cis,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate.
(Z)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase activity
geranyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate geranylcistransferase activity
lavandulyl diphosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = diphosphate + lavandulyl diphosphate.
dimethylallyl-diphosphate:dimethylallyl-diphosphate dimethylallyltransferase (lavandulyl-diphosphate-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine = 3,5,3'-triiodothyropyruvate + L-glutamate.
3,5-dinitrotyrosine aminotransferase activity
3,5-dinitrotyrosine transaminase activity
L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
thyroid hormone aminotransferase activity
thyroid-hormone aminotransferase activity
aspartate-prephenate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + oxaloacetate = prephenate + L-aspartate.
L-arogenate:oxaloacetate aminotransferase activity
L-aspartate:prephenate aminotransferase activity
prephenate aspartate aminotransferase activity
glutamate-prephenate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-arogenate = L-glutamate + prephenate.
L-arogenate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
L-glutamate:prephenate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + nicotianamine = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + L-glutamate.
nicotianamine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + 3-amino-2-oxopropyl phosphate = 2 H2O + H+ + phosphate + pyridoxine 5'-phosphate.
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate:3-amino-2-oxopropyl phosphate 3-amino-2-oxopropyltransferase (phosphate-hydrolysing; cyclizing) activity
pyridoxine 5-phosphate phospho lyase activity
diphosphoinositol-pentakisphosphate kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol bisdiphosphate tetrakisphosphate.
5-diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate 3-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine = ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate.
ATP:N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 1-phosphotransferase activity
N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-1-phosphate kinase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving furaldehyde, a furan ring-containing aldehyde compound which can be formed from the thermal decomposition of biomass.
Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.
negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.
downregulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
down regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
down-regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UMP = ADP + UDP.
ribose 1,5-bisphosphate phosphokinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 1,5-diphosphate + ATP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + ADP + H+.
ATP:ribose-1,5-bisphosphate phosphotransferase activity
positive regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.
upregulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
up regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
up-regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
nucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + Fas-activated serine/threonine protein = ADP + Fas-activated serine/threonine phosphoprotein.
ATP:Fas-activated serine/threonine protein phosphotransferase activity
obsolete Goodpasture-antigen-binding protein kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + Goodpasture antigen-binding protein = ADP + Goodpasture antigen-binding phosphoprotein.
nucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + a thiol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an S-alkyl thiosulfate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:thiol S-sulfotransferase activity
adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate sulfotransferase activity
[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 2 activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate; modifies selected glucosamine residues preceded by GlcA2S.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase activity
glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase 2 activity
heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase 2 activity
heparin-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 2 activity
[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 3 activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate.
glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase 3a, 3b activity
glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase 3 activity
heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase 3A activity
heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase 3 activity
heparin-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 3 activity
isoform/isozyme 3a and 3b (3-OST-3A, 3-OST-3B, HS3ST3A, HS3ST3B)
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + 5alpha-cholane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrol = 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5alpha-cholan-24-yl sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:5alpha-cholan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrol sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + 5beta-scymnol = 5beta-scymnol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+.
ribonucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
glycochenodeoxycholate sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + glycochenodeoxycholate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfate + H+.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfotransferase activity
bile acid:3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity
bile acid:PAPS:sulfotransferase activity
succinyl-CoA:(R)-benzylsuccinate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-benzylsuccinate + succinyl-CoA = (R)-2-benzylsuccinyl-CoA + succinate.
benzylsuccinate CoA-transferase activity
succinyl-CoA:(R)-2-benzylsuccinate CoA-transferase activity
succinyl-CoA:benzylsuccinate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: diacylglycerol + H2O = monoacylglycerol + a carboxylate; triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate; and monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a carboxylate.
Catalysis of the reactions: 17-O-acetylajmaline + H2O = ajmaline + acetate, and 17-O-acetylnorajmaline + H2O = norajmaline + acetate.
17-O-acetylajmaline O-acetylhydrolase activity
2beta(R)-17-O-acetylajmalan:acetylesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phenylglyoxylyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + phenylglyoxylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxycholoyl-CoA + cholate = deoxycholate + choloyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: choloyl-CoA + H2O = cholate + CoA.
chenodeoxycholoyl-coenzyme A thioesterase activity
choloyl-coenzyme A thioesterase activity
peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O = pyridoxal + phosphate.
pyridoxal-5'-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) phosphatase activity
vitamin B6-phosphate phosphatase activity
obsolete phosphoethanolamine/phosphocholine phosphatase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reactions: O-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = ethanolamine + phosphate, and phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate.
10-hydroxy-9-(phosphonooxy)octadecanoate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (9S,10S)-10-hydroxy-9-(phosphonooxy)octadecanoate + H2O = (9S,10S)-9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate + phosphate.
(9S,10S)-10-hydroxy-9-(phosphonooxy)octadecanoate phosphatase activity
(9S,10S)-10-hydroxy-9-(phosphonooxy)octadecanoate phosphohydrolase activity
dihydroxy fatty acid phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2- and 3-sulfate groups of the polysulfates of cellulose and charonin.
cellulose-sulfate sulfohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate + H2O = 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + H+ + sulfate.
4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-4-sulfate 4-sulfohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate + H2O = 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + H+ + sulfate.
4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-6-sulfate 6-sulfohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 3-sulfate groups of the N-sulfo-D-glucosamine 3-O-sulfate units of heparin.
N-sulfo-3-sulfoglucosamine 3-sulfohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage that removes extra residues from the 3'-terminus of tRNA to produce 5'-mononucleotides.
CC-preferring endodeoxyribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to give 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end-products, with a preference for cleavage within the sequence CC.
5'-CC-3'-preferring endodeoxyribonuclease activity
Streptomyces glaucescens exocytoplasmic dodeoxyribonuclease activity
Streptomyces glaucescens exocytoplasmic endodeoxyribonuclease activity
Streptomyces glaucescens exocytoplasmic endonuclease activity
deoxyribonuclease (pyrimidine dimer) activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage near pyrimidine dimers to products with 5'-phosphate.
bacteriophage T4 endodeoxyribonuclease V activity
endodeoxyribonuclease (pyrimidine dimer) activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 3'-extranucleotides from tRNA precursor.
ribonuclease [poly-(U)-specific] activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.
uracil-specific endoribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U) or poly(C) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.
poly(U)- and poly(C)-specific endoribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.
Escherichia coli ribonuclease I' ribonuclease PP2 activity
Escherichia coli ribonuclease II activity
ribonnuclease (non-base specific) activity
ribonuclease (non-base specific) activity
ribonucleate 3'-oligonucleotide hydrolase activity
ribonucleate nucleotido-2'-transferase (cyclizing) activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides.
Catalysis of the two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in Ap or Gp with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.
purine specific endoribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA precursor into two, leaving 5'-hydroxy and 3'-phosphate groups.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of poly(A), forming oligoribonucleotides and ultimately 3'-AMP.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester linkage between guanosine and adenosine residues at one specific position in 28S rRNA from rat ribosomes.
obsolete endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,3- or 1,4-linkages in beta-D-glucans when the glucose residue whose reducing group is involved in the linkage to be hydrolysed is itself substituted at C-3.
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,6-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextran.
1,6-alpha-D-glucan 6-glucanohydrolase activity
alpha-1,6-glucan-6-glucanohydrolase activity
alpha-D-1,6-glucan-6-glucanohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-glycosidic linkages in (1->3)-beta-D-xylans.
1,3-beta-D-xylan xylanohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of 1,3-linkages between beta-D-glucuronate and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in hyaluronate.
glucuronoglucosaminoglycan hyaluronate lyase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-fucose residues in beta-D-fucosides.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-L-rhamnose residues in beta-L-rhamnosides.
beta-L-rhamnoside rhamnohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,2-alpha-L-fucoside linkages in fucoidan without release of sulfate.
poly(1,2-alpha-L-fucoside-4-sulfate) glycanohydrolase activity
glucan 1,4-alpha-maltotetraohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltotetraose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.
1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltotetraohydrolase activity
glucan 1,4-alpha-maltotetrahydrolase activity
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in alpha-D-glucans containing both 1,3- and 1,4-bonds.
1,3-1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase activity
2,6-beta-fructan 6-levanbiohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (2->6)-beta-D-fructofuranan, to remove successive disaccharide residues as levanbiose, i.e. 6-(beta-D-fructofuranosyl)-D-fructose, from the end of the chain.
2,6-beta-D-fructan 6-beta-D-fructofuranosylfructohydrolase activity
2,6-beta-D-fructan 6-levanbiohydrolase activity
2,6-beta-D-fructofuranan 6-(beta-D-fructosyl)-D-fructose-hydrolase activity
beta-2,6-fructan-6-levanbiohydrolase activity
glucan endo-1,2-beta-glucosidase activity
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->2)-glucosidic linkages in (1->2)-beta-D-glucans.
1,2-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of successive xylose residues from the non-reducing termini of (1->3)-beta-D-xylans.
1,3-beta-D-xylosidase, exo-1,3-beta-xylosidase activity
mannan 1,2-(1,3)-alpha-mannosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2) and (1->3) linkages in mannan, releasing mannose.
1,2-1,3-alpha-D-mannan mannohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in agarose, giving the tetramer as the predominant product.
exo-poly-alpha-galacturonosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pectic acid from the non-reducing end, releasing digalacturonate.
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages between D-galactose 4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose in kappa-carrageenans.
kappa-carrageenan 4-beta-D-glycanohydrolase (configuration-retaining) activity
kappa-carrageenan 4-beta-D-glycanohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic links in 1,3-alpha-D-glucans.
1,3-alpha-D-glucan 3-glucohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 6-phospho-beta-D-galactoside + H2O = 6-phospho-D-galactose + an alcohol.
6-phospho-beta-D-galactoside 6-phosphogalactohydrolase activity
beta-D-phosphogalactoside galactohydrolase activity
regulation of response to red or far red light
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to red or far red light.
capsular-polysaccharide endo-1,3-alpha-galactosidase activity
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->3)-alpha-D-galactosidic linkages in Aerobacter aerogenes capsular polysaccharide.
aerobacter-capsular-polysaccharide galactohydrolase activity
capsular polysaccharide galactohydrolase activity
regulation of salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of salicylic acid mediated signalling pathway
peptidoglycan beta-N-acetylmuramidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing N-acetylmuramic residues.
beta-2-acetamido-3-O-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-2-deoxy-D-glucoside acetamidodeoxyglucohydrolase activity
peptidoglycan beta-N-acetylmuramoylexohydrolase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoperiodism, flowering.
regulation of photoperiodic control of flowering time
regulation of photoperiodic control of inflorescence development
regulation of response to day length, flowering
regulation of response to night length, flowering
regulation of response to photoperiod, flowering
glucan 1,6-alpha-isomaltosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides, to remove successive isomaltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.
1,6-alpha-D-glucan isomaltohydrolase activity
regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proanthocyanidin biosynthetic process.
regulation of proanthocyanidin anabolism
regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis
regulation of proanthocyanidin formation
regulation of proanthocyanidin synthesis
dextran 1,6-alpha-isomaltotriosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextrans, to remove successive isomaltotriose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.
1,6-alpha-D-glucan isomaltotriohydrolase activity
regulation of multicellular organismal development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development.
mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the N,N'-diacetylchitobiosyl unit in high-mannose glycopeptides and glycoproteins containing the -[Man(GlcNAc)2]Asn-structure. One N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue remains attached to the protein; the rest of the oligosaccharide is released intact.
di-N-acetylchitobiosyl beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
endo-beta-(1->4)-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
endo-beta-acetylglucosaminidase activity
endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase D activity
endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F activity
endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H activity
endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase L activity
endo-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity
endo-N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity
glycopeptide-D-mannosyl-4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)2-asparagine 1,4-N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminohydrolase activity
glycopeptide-D-mannosyl-N4-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)2-asparagine 1,4-N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminohydrolase activity
mannosyl-glycoprotein 1,4-N-acetamidodeoxy-beta-D-glycohydrolase activity
mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-beta-N-acetylglucosamidase activity
N,N'-diacetylchitobiosyl beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
regulation of animal organ morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis.
regulation of histogenesis and organogenesis
glycopeptide alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-3-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine + H2O = D-galactosyl-3-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + L-serine in mucin-type glycoproteins.
D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-galactosaminohydrolase activity
endo-alpha-acetylgalactosaminidase activity
endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development.
glucan 1,4-alpha-maltohexaosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltohexaose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.
1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohexaohydrolase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf formation.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in (1->4)-beta-D-mannans, to remove successive mannobiose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.
1,4-beta-D-mannan mannobiohydrolase activity
regulation of jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of jasmonic acid mediated signalling pathway
blood-group-substance endo-1,4-beta-galactosidase activity
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in blood group A and B substances.
blood-group-substance 1,4-beta-D-galactanohydrolase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development.
keratan-sulfate endo-1,4-beta-galactosidase activity
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in keratan sulfate.
keratan-sulfate 1,4-beta-D-galactanohydrolase activity
keratan sulfate endogalactosidase activity
positive regulation of male gonad development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.
positive regulation of testicular development
positive regulation of testis development
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-galactosaminidic linkages in poly(D-galactosamine).
galactosaminoglycan glycanohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3) linkages between alpha-L-fucose and N-acetylglucosamine residues in glycoproteins.
3-alpha-L-fucosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycoprotein fucohydrolase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.
branched-dextran exo-1,2-alpha-glucosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages at the branch points of dextrans and related polysaccharides, producing free D-glucose.
1,2-alpha-D-glucosyl-branched-dextran 2-glucohydrolase activity
negative regulation of male gonad development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.
negative regulation of testicular development
negative regulation of testis development
glucan 1,4-alpha-maltotriohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltotriose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.
1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltotriohydrolase activity
negative regulation of determination of dorsal identity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.
negative regulation of determination of adaxial identity
oligoxyloglucan beta-glycosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic links in oligoxyloglucans so as to remove successive isoprimeverose (i.e. alpha-xylo-1,6-beta-D-glucosyl-) residues from the non-reducing chain ends.
isoprimeverose-producing oligoxyloglucan hydrolase activity
oligoxyloglucan xyloglucohydrolase activity
positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.
positive regulation of determination of adaxial identity
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the D-mannuronide linkages of polymannuronate.
poly(mannuronide) mannuronohydrolase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endosperm development.
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the beta-ketopyranosidic linkages of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate in capsular polysaccharides.
2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate hydrolase activity
capsular-polysaccharide 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonohydrolase activity
regulation of determination of dorsal identity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.
regulation of determination of adaxial identity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6) linkages between alpha-L-fucose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in glycopeptides such as immunoglobulin G glycopeptide and fucosyl-asialo-agalacto-fetuin.
1,6-L-fucosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide fucohydrolase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auxin polar transport.
xylan alpha-1,2-glucuronosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-D-(1->2)-(4-O-methyl)glucuronosyl links in the main chain of hardwood xylans.
xylan alpha-D-1,2-(4-O-methyl)glucuronohydrolase activity
regulation of arginine biosynthetic process via ornithine
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arginine biosynthetic process via ornithine.
regulation of arginine anabolism via ornithine
regulation of arginine formation via ornithine
regulation of arginine synthesis via ornithine
glucuronoarabinoxylan endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl links in some glucuronoarabinoxylans.
glucuronoarabinoxylan 1,4-beta-D-xylanohydrolase activity
positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.
positive regulation of protein localisation at cell surface
positive regulation of protein localization at cell surface
mannan exo-1,2-1,6-alpha-mannosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2)-alpha-D- and (1->6)-alpha-D- linkages in mannan, releasing D-mannose.
1,2-1,6-alpha-D-mannan D-mannohydrolase activity
regulation of adaxial/abaxial pattern formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaxial/abaxial pattern formation.
regulation of adaxial/abaxial pattern specification
4-alpha-D-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucanotrehalose trehalohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(1->4)-D-glucosidic linkage in 4-alpha-D-{(1->4)-alpha-D-glucanosyl}n trehalose to yield trehalose and alpha-(1->4)-D-glucan.
4-alpha-D-{(1,4)-alpha-D-glucano}trehalose glucanohydrolase (trehalose-producing) activity
4-alpha-D-{(1->4)-alpha-D-glucano}trehalose glucanohydrolase (trehalose-producing) activity
maltooligosyl trehalose trehalohydrolase activity
malto-oligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase activity
regulation of protein localization to cell surface
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.
regulation of protein localisation at cell surface
regulation of protein localization at cell surface
galactan 1,3-beta-galactosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in (1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranans.
galactan (1,3)-beta-D-galactosidase activity
galactan (1->3)-beta-D-galactosidase activity
negative regulation of protein localization to cell surface
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.
negative regulation of protein localisation at cell surface
negative regulation of protein localization at cell surface
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactofuranosides, releasing galactose.
beta-D-galactofuranoside hydrolase activity
regulation of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis.
oligoxyloglucan reducing-end-specific cellobiohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of cellobiose from the reducing end of xyloglucans consisting of a beta-(1->4) linked glucan carrying alpha-D-xylosyl groups on O-6 of the glucose residues. To be a substrate, the first residue must be unsubstituted, the second residue may bear a xylosyl group, whether further glycosylated or not, and the third residue, which becomes the new terminus by the action of the enzyme, is preferably xylosylated, but this xylose residue must not be further substituted.
oligoxyloglucan reducing-end cellobiohydrolase activity
oligoxyloglucan reducing end-specific cellobiohydrolase activity
negative regulation of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis.
xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: xyloglucan + H2O = xyloglucan oligosaccharides. This reaction is the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan.
[(1->6)-beta-D-xylo]-(1->4)-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase activity
1,4-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase activity
xyloglucan endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity
regulation of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis.
mannosylglycoprotein endo-beta-mannosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl sequence of glycoprotein to alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-D-mannose and beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl sequences.
negative regulation of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis.
fructan beta-(2,1)-fructosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (2->1) linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.
beta-(2,1)-D-fructan fructohydrolase activity
beta-(2,1)-fructan exohydrolase activity
beta-(2,1)-linkage-specific fructan-beta-fructosidase activity
negative regulation of DNA damage checkpoint
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint.
negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest
fructan beta-(2,6)-fructosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (2->6) linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.
beta-(2,6)-D-fructan fructohydrolase activity
beta-(2,6)-fructan exohydrolase activity
positive regulation of DNA damage checkpoint
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint.
positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest
xyloglucan-specific exo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: xyloglucan + H2O = xyloglucan oligosaccharides. This reaction is the exohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan.
[(1->6)-alpha-D-xylo]-(1->4)-beta-D-glucan exo-glucohydrolase activity
oligosaccharide reducing-end xylanase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylose residues from the reducing end of oligosaccharides.
beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylopyranose reducing-end xylanase activity
reducing end xylose-releasing exo-oligoxylanase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint.
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages between D-galactose 4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose-2-sulfate in iota-carrageenans.
iota-carrageenan 4-beta-D-glycanohydrolase (configuration-inverting) activity
negative regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation.
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,3-alpha-L-galactosidic linkages in agarose, yielding agarotetraose as the major product.
positive regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation.
alpha-neoagaro-oligosaccharide hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 1,3-alpha-L-galactosidic linkages of neoagaro-oligosaccharides that are smaller than a hexamer, yielding 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose and D-galactose.
alpha-neoagaro-oligosaccharide 3-glycohydrolase activity
alpha-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase activity
positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
positive regulation of protein degradation tagging activity
positive regulation of protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
positive regulation of protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
positive regulation of protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
positive regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
positive regulation of protein ubiquitinylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
positive regulation of protein ubiquitinylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
positive regulation of protein ubiquitylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
positive regulation of protein ubiquitylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
OBSOLETE. The process in which copies of the mitochondrial genome are distributed into daughter mitochondria upon mitochondrial fission.
regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation.
Catalysis of the reaction: 7-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]isoflavonoid + H2O = a 7-hydroxyisoflavonoid + beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucose.
7-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]isoflavonoid beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucohydrolase activity
isoflavonoid-7-O-beta[D-apiosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucoside] disaccharidase activity
isoflavonoid 7-O-beta-apiosyl-glucoside beta-glucosidase activity
regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
regulation of myofibrillar protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
regulation of myofibrillar protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
regulation of myofibrillar protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
regulation of myofibrillar protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
regulation of protein degradation tagging activity
regulation of protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
regulation of protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
regulation of protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
regulation of protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
regulation of protein ubiquitinylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
regulation of protein ubiquitinylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
regulation of protein ubiquitylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
regulation of protein ubiquitylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of beta-1,4-linkages in the backbone of lambda-carrageenan, resulting in the tetrasaccharide alpha-D-Galp2,6S2-(1->3)-beta-D-Galp2S-(1->4)-alpha-D-Galp2,6S2-(1->3)-D-Galp2S.
endo-beta-1,4-carrageenose 2,6,2'-trisulfate-hydrolase activity
negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
negative regulation of protein degradation tagging activity
negative regulation of protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
negative regulation of protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
negative regulation of protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
negative regulation of protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
negative regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
negative regulation of protein ubiquitinylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
negative regulation of protein ubiquitinylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
negative regulation of protein ubiquitylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
negative regulation of protein ubiquitylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of DNA and polynucleotides, releasing free hypoxanthine.
deoxyribonucleic acid glycosylase activity
DNA(hypoxanthine) glycohydrolase activity
DNA-deoxyinosine deoxyribohydrolase activity
regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis.
regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis
regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis
regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis
deoxyribodipyrimidine endonucleosidase activity
Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond between the 5'-pyrimidine residue in cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) and the corresponding deoxy-D-ribose residue.
deoxy-D-ribocyclobutadipyrimidine polynucleotidodeoxyribohydrolase activity
deoxyribonucleate pyrimidine dimer glycosidase activity
pyrimidine dimer DNA glycosylase activity
pyrimidine dimer DNA-glycosylase activity
negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis.
negative regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis
Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylxanthosine + H2O = 7-methylxanthine + H+ + ribofuranose.
7-methylxanthosine nucleosidase activity
7-methylxanthosine ribohydrolase activity
negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.
negative regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-stilbene oxide + H2O = (+)-(1R,2R)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diol.
benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-epoxide hydratase activity
benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide hydratase activity
positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.
positive regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.
cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly
positive regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of beta-catenin-independent Wnt receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway
positive regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway
cholesterol-5,6-oxide hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: 5,6alpha-epoxy-5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol + H2O = cholestane-3beta-5alpha,6beta-triol, and 5,6beta-epoxy-5beta-cholestan-3beta-ol + H2O = cholestane-3beta-5alpha,6beta-triol.
5,6alpha-epoxy-5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol hydrolase activity
regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.
regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of gangliosides and neutral glycosphingolipids, releasing fatty acids to form the lyso-derivatives.
glycosphingolipid amidohydrolase activity
glycosphingolipid ceramide deacylase activity
regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
regulation of beta-catenin-independent Wnt receptor signaling pathway
regulation of non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway
regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway
regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the amide bond in aculeacin A and related neutral lipopeptide antibiotics, releasing the long-chain fatty acid side-chain.
negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
negative regulation of beta-catenin-independent Wnt receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway
negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway
N-substituted formamide deformylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzylformamide + H2O = formate + benzylamine.
N-benzylformamide amidohydrolase activity
negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving box C/D type small nucleolar RNA.
positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.
glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic-acid acylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (7R)-7-(4-carboxybutanamido)cephalosporanate + H2O = (7R)-7-aminocephalosporanate + glutarate.
(7R)-7-(4-carboxybutanamido)cephalosporanate amidohydrolase activity
7beta-(4-carboxybutanamido)cephalosporanic acid acylase activity
glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase activity
obsolete regulation of G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle.
gamma-glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyrate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(L-gamma-glutamylamino)butanoate + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate.
4-(glutamylamino)butanoate amidohydrolase activity
regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-3-ureidopropanoate + H2O = H+ + malonate + urea.
3-oxo-3-ureidopropanoate amidohydrolase (urea- and malonate-forming) activity
negative regulation of cardiac cell fate specification
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac cell fate specification.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxyisourate + H2O = 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate + H+.
5-hydroxyisourate amidohydrolase activity
regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
proclavaminate amidinohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: amidinoproclavaminate + H2O = proclavaminate + urea.
proclavaminate amidino hydrolase activity
proclavaminic acid amidino hydrolase activity
negative regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.
negative regulation of homologous recombinational repair
negative regulation of homology-directed repair
negative regulation of Rad51-dependent recombinational repair
negative regulation of Rhp51-dependent recombinational repair
Catalysis of the reaction: dCTP + 2 H2O = diphosphate + dUMP + H+ + NH4.
dCTP aminohydrolase (dUMP-forming) activity
regulation of cardiac cell fate specification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac cell fate specification.
nucleoside phosphoacylhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of mixed phospho-anhydride bonds.
nucleoside-5'-phosphoacylate acylhydrolase activity
regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-haloacid + H2O = (S)-2-hydroxyacid + halide.
negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation.
2-haloacid dehalogenase (configuration-inverting) activity
Catalysis of the reactions: (S)-2-haloacid + H2O = (R)-2-hydroxyacid + halide, and (R)-2-haloacid + H2O = (S)-2-hydroxyacid + halide.
DL-2-haloacid dehalogenase (inversion of configuration) activity
DL-2-haloacid halidohydrolase (inversion of configuration) activity
regulation of stomatal complex development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex development.
2-haloacid dehalogenase (configuration-retaining) activity
Catalysis of the reactions: (S)-2-haloacid + H2O = (S)-2-hydroxyacid + halide, and (R)-2-haloacid + H2O = (R)-2-hydroxyacid + halide.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trichome morphogenesis.
regulation of trichome cell morphogenesis during differentiation
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphonopyruvate + H2O = phosphate + pyruvate.
regulation of stem cell population maintenance
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.
regulation of maintenance of pluripotency
The chemical reactions and pathways involving box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA.
regulation of stomatal complex patterning
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex patterning.
phosphonopyruvate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphonopyruvate + 2 H+ = CO2 + phosphonoacetaldehyde.
3-phosphonopyruvate carboxy-lyase (2-phosphonoacetaldehyde-forming) activity
3-phosphonopyruvate carboxy-lyase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-dopachrome + H+ = 5,6-dihydroxyindole + CO2.
D-dopachrome carboxy-lyase (5,6-dihydroxyindole-forming) activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell division.
3-dehydro-L-gulonate-6-phosphate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate 6-phosphate + H+ = L-xylulose 5-phosphate + CO2.
3-dehydro-L-gulonate-6-phosphate carboxy-lyase (L-xylulose-5-phosphate-forming) activity
3-dehydro-L-gulonate-6-phosphate carboxy-lyase activity
3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate decarboxylase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary shoot formation.
regulation of axillary shoot system formation
Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + H+ = 1,3-diaminopropane + CO2.
L-2,4-diaminobutanoate carboxy-lyase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity
L-2,4-diaminobutanoate carboxy-lyase activity
L-2,4-diaminobutyrate decarboxylase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.
indole-3-glycerol-phosphate lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = indole + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase (indole-forming) activity
(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase activity
indole-3-glycerolphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase activity
indole-3-glycerol phosphate lyase activity
indoleglycerolphosphate aldolase activity
indole glycerol phosphate hydrolase activity
tryptophan synthase alpha subunit activity
negative regulation of mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of an acidocalcisome.
regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway.
regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methanol stimulus.
positive regulation of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone = daidzein + H2O.
2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone hydro-lyase (daidzein-forming) activity
2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone hydro-lyase activity
regulation of mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
Catalysis of the reaction: 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oate = 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oate + H2O.
7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-enoate hydro-lyase (12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dienoate-forming) activity
7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-enoate hydro-lyase activity
regulation of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA = (24E)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA + H2O.
(24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA hydro-lyase [(24E)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA-forming] activity
(24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA hydro-lyase activity
D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity
negative regulation of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = ectoine + H2O.
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate hydro-lyase (L-ectoine-forming) activity
N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate hydro-lyase (L-ectoine-forming) activity
N-acetyldiaminobutanoate dehydratase activity
N-acetyldiaminobutyrate dehydratase activity
negative regulation of mesonephric glomerulus development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerulus development.
Catalysis of the reactions: 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 2-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one + H2O; (1a) 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose + H2O and (1b) 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose = 2-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one.
1,5-anhydro-D-fructose dehydratase (microthecin-forming) activity
1,5-anhydro-D-fructose hydro-lyase (microthecin-forming) activity
positive regulation of mesonephric glomerulus development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerulus development.
1,5-anhydro-D-fructose dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose + H2O.
1,5-anhydro-D-arabino-hex-2-ulose dehydratase activity
1,5-anhydro-D-fructose 4-dehydratase activity
1,5-anhydro-D-fructose hydro-lyase (ascopyrone-M-forming) activity
1,5-anhydro-D-fructose hydrolyase activity
1,5-anhydro-D-fructose hydro-lyase activity
positive regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis.
positive regulation of mesonephric mesenchyme to epithelial transition
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.
regulation of mesonephric glomerulus development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerulus development.
Catalysis of the reaction: (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronan = an oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl end + (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronan. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronans to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends. Complete degradation of glucuronans results in the formation of tetrasaccharides.
regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis.
regulation of mesonephric mesenchyme to epithelial transition
Catalysis of the reaction: an N-acetylneuraminate glycoside = 2,7-anhydro-alpha-N-acetylneuraminate + an alpha-sialyl group. This reaction is the elimination of alpha-sialyl groups in N-acetylneuraminic acid glycosides, releasing 2,7-anhydro-alpha-N-acetylneuraminate.
glycoconjugate sialyl-lyase (2,7-cyclizing) activity
sialglycoconjugate N-acylneuraminylhydrolase (2,7-cyclizing) activity
negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis.
negative regulation of mesonephric mesenchyme to epithelial transition
levan fructotransferase (DFA-IV-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructopyranosyl-(2->6)-[D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)]n-D-fructofuranoside = beta-D-fructopyranosyl-(2->6)-[D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)](n-1)-D-fructofuranoside + di-beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6':2',6-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of di-beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6':2',6-dianhydride (DFA IV) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->6)-beta-D-fructan (levan) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide.
2,6-beta-D-fructan D-fructosyl-D-fructosyltransferase (forming di-beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6':2',6-dianhydride) activity
2,6-beta-D-fructan lyase (di-beta-D-fructofuranose-2,6':2',6-dianhydride-forming) activity
regulation of L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process.
regulation of ascorbate biosynthetic process
regulation of L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis
regulation of vitamin C biosynthetic process
inulin fructotransferase (DFA-I-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n) = [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-fructofuranose-beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':1,2'-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride (DFA I) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->1)-beta-D-fructan (inulin) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide.
2,1-beta-D-fructan lyase (alpha-D-fructofuranose-beta-D-fructofuranose-1,2':2,1'-dianhydride-forming) activity
inulin D-fructosyl-D-fructosyltransferase (1,2':1',2-dianhydride-forming) activity
inulin D-fructosyl-D-fructosyltransferase (forming alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':1',2-dianhydride) activity
inulin fructotransferase (depolymerizing, difructofuranose-1,2':2',1-dianhydride-forming) activity
inulin fructotransferase (DFA-I-producing) activity
negative regulation of L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of ascorbate biosynthesis
negative regulation of ascorbate biosynthetic process
negative regulation of L-ascorbic acid anabolism
negative regulation of L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis
negative regulation of L-ascorbic acid formation
negative regulation of L-ascorbic acid synthesis
negative regulation of vitamin C biosynthesis
negative regulation of vitamin C biosynthetic process
inulin fructotransferase (DFA-III-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n) = [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3'-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3'-dianhydride (DFA III) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->1)-beta-D-fructan (inulin) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide.
2,1-beta-D-fructan lyase (alpha-D-fructofuranose-beta-D-fructofuranose-1,2':2,3'-dianhydride-forming) activity
inulin D-fructosyl-D-fructosyltransferase (1,2':2,3'-dianhydride-forming) activity
inulin D-fructosyl-D-fructosyltransferase (forming alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3'-dianhydride) activity
inulin fructotransferase (depolymerizing, difructofuranose-1,2':2,3'-dianhydride-forming) activity
inulin fructotransferase (depolymerizing) activity
inulin fructotransferase (DFA-III-producing) activity
negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway modulating the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation.
negative regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation
negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in controlling pancreatic B cell proliferation
negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation
negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in pancreatic beta cell proliferation
negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in controlling pancreatic B cell proliferation
negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation
Catalysis of the reaction: dermatan sulfate = n 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of dermatan sulfate containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucurosonyl or 1,3-alpha-L-iduronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups to yield a 4,5-unsaturated dermatan-sulfate disaccharide (DeltaUA-GalNAC-4S). Chondroitin sulfate B is also known as dermatan sulfate.
positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway modulating the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation.
positive regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation
positive regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in controlling pancreatic B cell proliferation
positive regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation
positive regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in pancreatic beta cell proliferation
positive regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in controlling pancreatic B cell proliferation
positive regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation
chondroitin-sulfate-ABC endolyase activity
Catalysis of the endolytic cleavage of beta-1,4-galactosaminic bonds between N-acetylgalactosamine and either D-glucuronic acid or L-iduronic acid to produce a mixture of Delta4-unsaturated oligosaccharides of different sizes that are ultimately degraded to Delta4-unsaturated tetra- and disaccharides.
chondroitin sulfate ABC endoeliminase activity
chondroitin sulfate ABC endolyase activity
positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.
positive regulation of pancreatic B cell development
positive regulation of pancreatic beta cell development
chondroitin-sulfate-ABC exolyase activity
Catalysis of the exolytic cleavage of disaccharide residues from the non-reducing ends of both polymeric chondroitin sulfates and their oligosaccharide fragments.
chondroitin sulfate ABC exoeliminase activity
chondroitin sulfate ABC exolyase activity
regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway modulating the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation.
regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in controlling pancreatic B cell proliferation
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in pancreatic beta cell proliferation
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in controlling pancreatic B cell proliferation
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (4R)-limonene + diphosphate.
geranyldiphosphate diphosphate lyase [(+)-(R)-limonene-forming] activity
geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [cyclizing, (+)-(4R)-limonene-forming] activity
positive regulation of cytokinesis, site selection
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of site selection that occurs as part of cytokinesis.
positive regulation of site selection involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + vetispiradiene.
trans,trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, vetispiradiene-forming) activity
vetispiradiene-forming farnesyl pyrophosphate cyclase activity
negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.
negative regulation of pancreatic B cell development
negative regulation of pancreatic beta cell development
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = (1E,4S,5E,7R)-germacra-1(10),5-dien-11-ol + diphosphate.
2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(1E,4S,5E,7R)-germacra-1(10),5-dien-11-ol-forming] activity
regulation of type B pancreatic cell development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.
regulation of pancreatic B cell development
regulation of pancreatic beta cell development
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-(R)-germacrene A + diphosphate.
(+)-(10R)-germacrene A synthase activity
2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (germacrene-A-forming) activity
2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(+)-germacrene-A-forming] activity
negative regulation of cytokinesis, site selection
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of site selection that occurs as part of cytokinesis.
negative regulation of site selection involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = amorpha-4,11-diene + diphosphate.
2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (amorpha-4,11-diene-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H2O = (S)-linalool + diphosphate.
geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(3S)-linalool-forming] activity
regulation of cytokinesis, site selection
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of site selection that occurs as part of cytokinesis.
regulation of site selection involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H2O = (R)-linalool + diphosphate.
geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(3R)-linalool-forming] activity
regulation of response to water deprivation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to water deprivation.
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate = diphosphate + isoprene.
dimethylallyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (isoprene-forming) activity
regulation of defense response by callose deposition
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response by callose deposition.
regulation of callose deposition during defense response
regulation of callose localization during defense response
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfolactate = pyruvate + sulfite.
3-sulfolactate bisulfite-lyase (pyruvate-forming) activity
regulation of defense response to insect
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.
regulation of physiological defense response to insect
Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteate + H2O = NH4 + pyruvate + sulfite.
L-cysteate bisulfite-lyase (deaminating; pyruvate-forming) activity
L-cysteate sulfo-lyase (deaminating) activity
regulation of post-embryonic root development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic root development.
Catalysis of the reaction: FAD = AMP + riboflavin cyclic-4',5'-phosphate.
FAD AMP-lyase (cyclic-FMN-forming) activity
FAD AMP-lyase (riboflavin-cyclic-4',5'-phosphate-forming) activity
positive regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of cortisol anabolism
positive regulation of cortisol biosynthesis
positive regulation of cortisol formation
positive regulation of cortisol synthesis
Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic aldoxime = an aliphatic nitrile + H2O.
aliphatic aldoxime hydro-lyase (aliphatic-nitrile-forming) activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of root morphogenesis.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triglyceride stimulus.
regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process.
L-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-ribulose 5-phosphate = L-xylulose 5-phosphate.
L-xylulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase activity
negative regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of cortisol anabolism
negative regulation of cortisol biosynthesis
negative regulation of cortisol formation
negative regulation of cortisol synthesis
Catalysis of the reaction: all-cis-icosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoate = (5Z,7E,9E,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoate.
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate delta8,11-delta7,8-isomerase activity
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate delta8,11-delta7,9-isomerase (trans-double-bond-forming) activity
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoate delta8,11-delta7,9-isomerase (trans-double-bond-forming) activity
eicosapentaenoate cis-delta5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoate cis-delta5-trans-delta7,9-cis-delta14,17 isomerase activity
negative regulation of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway.
negative regulation of octopamine/tyramine signaling pathway
negative regulation of octopamine or tyramine signalling pathway
trans-2-decenoyl-acyl-carrier-protein isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-dec-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = cis-dec-3-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein].
decenoyl-acyl-carrier-protein delta2-trans-delta3-cis-isomerase activity
trans-2, cis-3 decenoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] isomerase activity
trans-2,cis-3-decenoyl-ACP isomerase activity
trans-2, cis-3 decenoyl-ACP isomerase activity
trans-2-cis-3-decenoyl-ACP isomerase activity
positive regulation of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway.
positive regulation of octopamine/tyramine signaling pathway
positive regulation of octopamine or tyramine signalling pathway
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose = 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-1-en-3-ulose.
1,5-anhydro-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose delta3-delta1-isomerase activity
1,5-anhydro-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose tautomerase activity
ascopyrone intramolecular oxidoreductase activity
regulation of endocannabinoid signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocannabinoid signaling pathway.
regulation of endocannabinoid signalling pathway
obsolete capsanthin/capsorubin synthase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reactions: violaxanthin = capsorubin, and antheraxanthin = capsanthin.
regulation of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway.
regulation of octopamine/tyramine signaling pathway
regulation of octopamine or tyramine signalling pathway
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-violaxanthin = all-trans-neoxanthin.
violaxanthin-neoxanthin isomerase (epoxide-opening) activity
negative regulation of stomatal complex development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex development.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silicon dioxide stimulus.
positive regulation of stomatal complex development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex development.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyaminophenol = aminohydroquinone.
3-(hydroxyamino)phenol hydroxymutase activity
positive regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium-dependent phosphate transport.
5-(carboxyamino)imidazole ribonucleotide mutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate.
5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole carboxymutase activity
N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide mutase activity
regulation of removal of superoxide radicals
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of superoxide radicals.
regulation of removal of oxygen free radicals
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + putrescine = gamma-L-glutamylputrescine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
gamma-glutamylputrescine synthetase activity
L-glutamate:putrescine ligase (ADP-forming) activity
regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium-dependent phosphate transport.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-aspartate + [beta-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)]n = [beta-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-6-N-(beta-D-Asp)-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)]n + ADP + phosphate.
D-aspartate:[beta-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)]n ligase (ADP-forming) activity
UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide:D-aspartate ligase activity
negative regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium-dependent phosphate transport.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an L-amino acid + an L-amino acid = ADP + phosphate + L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid.
regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity.
regulation of lysosomal cysteine-type endopeptidase
regulation of thiol endopeptidase activity
(carboxyethyl)arginine beta-lactam-synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + ATP = AMP + deoxyamidinoproclavaminate + diphosphate + 2 H+.
L-2-N-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine cyclo-ligase (AMP-forming) activity
L-N2-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine cyclo-ligase (AMP-forming) activity
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity.
negative regulation of lysosomal cysteine-type endopeptidase
negative regulation of thiol endopeptidase activity
5-(carboxyamino)imidazole ribonucleotide synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ATP + bicarbonate = 5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + 3 H+ + phosphate.
5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming) activity
N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase activity
regulation of establishment of cell polarity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity.
regulation of bud site selection/establishment of cell polarity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + ATP + bicarbonate = ADP + 2 H+ + oxalosuccinate + phosphate.
regulation of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating in cell shape.
ribonucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
ribonucleoside bisphosphate biosynthesis
obsolete regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process.
ribonucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
obsolete negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process.
purine nucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
purine nucleoside bisphosphate metabolism
negative regulation of macrophage apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.
negative regulation of activation-induced cell death
negative regulation of macrophage apoptosis
purine nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
purine nucleoside bisphosphate anabolism
purine nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthesis
purine nucleoside bisphosphate formation
purine nucleoside bisphosphate synthesis
positive regulation of macrophage apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.
positive regulation of activation-induced cell death
positive regulation of macrophage apoptosis
purine nucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
purine nucleoside bisphosphate breakdown
purine nucleoside bisphosphate catabolism
purine nucleoside bisphosphate degradation
positive regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.
positive regulation of leukocyte apoptosis
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate metabolism
regulation of macrophage apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.
regulation of activation-induced cell death
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate anabolism
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate biosynthesis
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate formation
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate synthesis
regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate breakdown
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate catabolism
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate degradation
negative regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.
negative regulation of leukocyte apoptosis
Catalysis of the reaction: [eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + spermidine = [eIF5A-precursor]-deoxyhypusine + propane-1,3-diamine. Four sub-reactions have been identified,in which the intermediates remain tightly associated with the enzyme: spermidine + NAD+ = dehydrospermidine + NADH; dehydrospermidine + [enzyme]-lysine = N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[enzyme]-lysine + propane-1,3-diamine; N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[enzyme]-lysine + [eIF5A-precursor]-lysine = N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + [enzyme]-lysine; N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + NADH + H+ = [eIF5A-precursor]-deoxyhypusine + NAD+.
negative regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent DNA replication.
negative regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication
8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine DNA N-glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized purine and the deoxyribose sugar.
positive regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated DNA replication.
positive regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication
ATPase-coupled lipid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + lipid(in) = ADP + phosphate + lipid(out).
ATP-dependent lipid transmembrane transporter activity
negative regulation of mammary stem cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mammary stem cell proliferation.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + sterol(in) = ADP + phosphate + sterol(out).
ATPase-coupled sterol transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-coupled sterol transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent sterol transmembrane transporter activity
positive regulation of mammary stem cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mammary stem cell proliferation.
5-formyluracil DNA N-glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of 5-formyluracil bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar.
regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.
5-hydroxymethyluracil DNA N-glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of 5-hydroxymethyluracil bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar.
regulation of mammary stem cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary stem cell proliferation.
A protein complex that forms a coat structure on vesicles involved in exocytosis of proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the cell surface; in Saccharomyces, the complex contains Chs5p, Chs6p, and Chs6p paralogues.
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion.
A cellular membrane associated with the phagophore assembly site.
regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity.
Binding to a sequence of guanine residues in an RNA molecule.
positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway.
positive regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
positive regulation of Wnt-JNK signaling pathway
positive regulation of Wnt-PCP signaling pathway
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion.
positive regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-specific protease (deubiquitinase) activity.
positive regulation of deubiquitinase activity
positive regulation of ubiquitin hydrolase activity
regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis.
programmed cell death induced by symbiont
Cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes after interaction with a symbiont (defined as the smaller of two, or more, organisms engaged in symbiosis, a close interaction encompassing mutualism through parasitism). This can be triggered by direct interaction with the organism, for example, contact with penetrating hyphae of a fungus; or an indirect interaction such as symbiont-secreted molecules.
'host programmed cell death induced by symbiont'
regulation of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER.
regulation of cis-Golgi to rough endoplasmic reticulum transport
regulation of cis-Golgi to rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicle-mediated transport
regulation of cis-Golgi to rough ER transport
regulation of cis-Golgi to rough ER vesicle-mediated transport
regulation of retrograde (Golgi to ER) transport
regulation of retrograde transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum
regulation of retrograde transport, Golgi to ER
regulation of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum
negative regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hypersensitive response in a plant.
downregulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
down regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
down-regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
inhibition of plant-type hypersensitive response
negative regulation of plant hypersensitive response
negative regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-specific protease (deubiquitinase) activity.
negative regulation of deubiquitinase activity
negative regulation of ubiquitin hydrolase activity
positive regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hypersensitive response in a plant.
activation of plant-type hypersensitive response
positive regulation of plant hypersensitive response
stimulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
upregulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
up regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
up-regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
obsolete negative regulation of flagellar cell motility
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flagellar cell motility.
modulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host defense-related PCD
modulation by symbiont of host hypersensitive response
modulation by symbiont of plant hypersensitive response
positive regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility.
positive regulation of ciliary cell motility
suppression by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
down regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
down-regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
inhibition by symbiont of host defense-related PCD
inhibition by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
negative regulation by symbiont of host defense-related PCD
negative regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
negative regulation by symbiont of plant HR
negative regulation by symbiont of plant hypersensitive response
regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity (deubiquitinase) activity.
effector-mediated induction of programmed cell death in host
A symbiont process in which a molecule secreted by the symbiont activates a programmed cell death pathway in the host to suppress the host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
enhancement by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
positive regulation by symbiont of host defense-related PCD
positive regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
stimulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
upregulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
up regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
up-regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
obsolete regulation of flagellar cell motility
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flagellar cell motility.
Binding to an estrogen response element (ERE), a conserved sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to estrogen.
regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis.
Facilitates the displacement of one strand of an RNA-RNA duplex and its replacement with a different strand of higher complementarity.
negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis.
The homotypic fusion of endocytic vesicles to form or add to an early endosome.
regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.
negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis.
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a cyanelle.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.
negative regulation of movement of a cell
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1); the synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template and a 3'hydroxyl group.
deoxyribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.
positive regulation of movement of a cell
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template, via extension of the 3'-end.
ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated transcription initiation.
positive regulation of DNA-dependent transcription, initiation
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, initiation
positive regulation of initiation of DNA-dependent transcription
positive regulation of transcription initiation, DNA-dependent
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.
A protein complex that contains the transcription factor Ste11 and the RNA binding protein Mei2; involved in regulation of conjugation in fission yeast.
regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated transcription initiation.
regulation of DNA-dependent transcription, initiation
regulation of DNA-templated transcription, initiation
regulation of initiation of DNA-dependent transcription
regulation of transcription initiation, DNA-dependent
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated transcription initiation.
negative regulation of DNA-dependent transcription, initiation
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription, initiation
negative regulation of initiation of DNA-dependent transcription
negative regulation of transcription initiation, DNA-dependent
Ric1-Rgp1 guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex
A protein complex that acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for the GTPase Ypt6p, and is required for fusion of endosome-derived vesicles with the Golgi.
negative regulation of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food.
negative regulation of octopamine signalling pathway involved in response to food
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the Golgi apparatus.
establishment of protein localisation to Golgi
establishment of protein localization in Golgi
establishment of protein localization to Golgi
establishment of protein localization to Golgi apparatus
positive regulation of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food.
positive regulation of octopamine signalling pathway involved in response to food
aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + aminoglycoside = diphosphate + nucleotidylaminoglycoside.
aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase activity
streptomycin adenylate synthetase activity
streptomycin adenylyltransferase activity
streptomycin-spectinomycin adenylyltransferase activity
positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.
aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + N-acetylaminoglycoside.
regulation of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food.
regulation of octopamine signalling pathway involved in response to food
aminoglycoside 1-N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + 1-N-acetylaminoglycoside. This is acetylation of the 1-amino group of the central deoxystreptamine ring.
regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.
aminoglycoside phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + aminoglycoside = ADP + phosphoaminoglycoside.
negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.
Catalysis of the reaction: squalene = triterpene.
negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
Catalysis of the reaction: squalene = tetrahymanol.
obsolete positive regulation of regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation.
Catalysis of the reaction: oxidosqualene = marneral.
negative regulation of tyramine signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.
negative regulation of tyramine signalling pathway
Catalysis of the reaction: oxidosqualene + H2O = arabidiol ((13R,14R,17E)-malabarica-17,21-diene-3beta,14-diol).
positive regulation of tyramine signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.
positive regulation of tyramine signalling pathway
Catalysis of the reaction: oxidosqualene = cucurbitadienol.
positive regulation of octopamine signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway.
positive regulation of octopamine signalling pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways involving butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.
regulation of tyramine signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.
regulation of tyramine signalling pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.
regulation of octopamine signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway.
regulation of octopamine signalling pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.
negative regulation of octopamine signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway.
negative regulation of octopamine signalling pathway
The formation of chromatin containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A to form centromeric chromatin. This specialised chromatin occurs at centromeric region in point centromeres, and the central core in modular centromeres.
CenH3-containing nucleosome assembly at centromere
CENP-A containing chromatin organization
CENP-A containing nucleosome assembly at centromere
centromeric DNA replication-independent nucleosome assembly
DNA replication-independent nucleosome assembly at centromere
obsolete negative regulation of regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by nuclear hormone receptor
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by nuclear hormone receptor.
A protein complex that carries out enzymatic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.
A polyketide synthase complex that consists of several different polypeptide chains, each of which catalyzes a single reaction.
A polyketide synthase complex that consists of two identical ketosynthase polypeptides.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from an acetylated sterol.
negative regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.
negative regulation of phosphate membrane transport
establishment of sister chromatid cohesion
The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become associated with each other during S phase.
positive regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.
positive regulation of phosphate membrane transport
maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion
The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate.
positive regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of progesterone anabolism
positive regulation of progesterone biosynthesis
positive regulation of progesterone formation
positive regulation of progesterone synthesis
establishment of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion
The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase during a mitotic cell cycle.
regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.
regulation of phosphate membrane transport
maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion
The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.
regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone biosynthetic process.
establishment of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion
The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase during a meiotic cell cycle.
negative regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of progesterone anabolism
negative regulation of progesterone biosynthesis
negative regulation of progesterone formation
negative regulation of progesterone synthesis
maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion
The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a meiotic cell cycle.
negative regulation of androgen biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of androgen anabolism
negative regulation of androgen biosynthesis
negative regulation of androgen formation
negative regulation of androgen synthesis
regulation of maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion
Any process that modulates the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained.
negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel morphogenesis.
negative regulation of maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion
Any process that decreases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained.
negative regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.
positive regulation of maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion
Any process that increases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained.
positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.
regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion
Any process that modulates the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a meiotic cell cycle.
positive regulation of pro-T cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation.
positive regulation of pro-T lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion
Any process that decreases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a meiotic cell cycle.
regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.
positive regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion
Any process that increases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a meiotic cell cycle.
regulation of pro-T cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation.
regulation of pro-T lymphocyte differentiation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.
negative regulation of pro-T cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation.
negative regulation of pro-T lymphocyte differentiation
A multiprotein ATPase complex required for the efficient dislocation of ER-lumenal degradation substrates, and their subsequent proteolysis by the proteasome. In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Npl4p and Ufd1p proteins. In mammals, this complex includes a hexamer of VCP/p97 (a cytosolic ATPase) and trimers of each of its cofactors UFD1L and NPL4 (NPLOC4) (e.g. a 6:3:3 stoichiometry).
regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve.
A multiprotein complex that recognizes ERAD-luminal misfolded substrates and brings them to the ubiquitination/extraction machinery. In yeast, this complex consists of Yos9p, Kar2p and Hrd3p proteins.
negative regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve.
positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation.
Any process of regulating the production and elimination of erythrocytes within an organism.
negative regulation of dendrite development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.
The selective elimination of erythrocytes from the body by autoregulatory mechanisms.
negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.
regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation.
negative regulation of tissue remodeling
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.
negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis.
positive regulation of tissue remodeling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.
regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.
negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
negative regulation of erythrocyte clearance
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.
negative regulation of red blood cell clearance
regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis.
positive regulation of erythrocyte clearance
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.
positive regulation of red blood cell clearance
negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac right atrium morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac right atrium morphogenesis.
The attachment of a cell to a second cell of the identical type via adhesion molecules.
regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.
negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis.
negative regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.
regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac right atrium morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac right atrium morphogenesis.
positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.
positive regulation of pseudohyphal growth
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth.
The attachment of a cell to a cell of a different type via adhesion molecules.
regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in heart jogging
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway involved in heart jogging.
regulation of BMP signalling pathway involved in heart jogging pathway involved in somitogenesis
regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth.
negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.
negative regulation of pseudohyphal growth
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth.
positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.
negative regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation.
negative regulation of colony morphology
The adhesion of one erythrocyte to one or more other erythrocytes via adhesion molecules.
positive regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation.
positive regulation of colony morphology
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.
regulation of red blood cell aggregation
positive regulation of proline metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proline metabolic process.
positive regulation of proline metabolism
negative regulation of erythrocyte aggregation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.
negative regulation of red blood cell aggregation
regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation.
positive regulation of erythrocyte aggregation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.
positive regulation of red blood cell aggregation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline metabolic process.
regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of toll-like receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of proline metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proline metabolic process.
negative regulation of proline metabolism
negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of TLR signaling pathway
negative regulation of toll-like receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of glutamate metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate metabolic process.
negative regulation of glutamate metabolism
negative regulation of glutamic acid metabolic process
negative regulation of glutamic acid metabolism
positive regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
positive regulation of TLR signaling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate metabolic process.
positive regulation of glutamate metabolism
positive regulation of glutamic acid metabolic process
positive regulation of glutamic acid metabolism
regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
regulation ofMyD88-dependent TLR signaling pathway
regulation ofMyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.
positive regulation of detachment induced cell death
positive regulation of suspension induced apoptosis
negative regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of MyD88-dependent TLR signaling pathway
negative regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
regulation of glutamate metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate metabolic process.
regulation of glutamic acid metabolic process
positive regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
positive regulation of MyD88-dependent TLR signaling pathway
positive regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus.
positive regulation of 30S ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
positive regulation of 40S ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
positive regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from cell nucleus
positive regulation of ribosomal small subunit export out of nucleus
positive regulation of ribosomal small subunit-nucleus export
positive regulation of ribosomal small subunit transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
regulation ofMyD88-independent TLR signaling pathway
regulation ofMyD88-independent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.
regulation of detachment induced cell death
regulation of suspension induced apoptosis
negative regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of MyD88-independent TLR signaling pathway
negative regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus.
regulation of 30S ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
regulation of 40S ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from cell nucleus
regulation of ribosomal small subunit export out of nucleus
regulation of ribosomal small subunit-nucleus export
regulation of ribosomal small subunit transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
positive regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
positive regulation of MyD88-independent TLR signaling pathway
positive regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor
positive regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus.
negative regulation of 30S ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
negative regulation of 40S ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
negative regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from cell nucleus
negative regulation of ribosomal small subunit export out of nucleus
negative regulation of ribosomal small subunit-nucleus export
negative regulation of ribosomal small subunit transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 1.
negative regulation of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus.
negative regulation of 50S ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
negative regulation of 60S ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
negative regulation of ribosomal large subunit export from cell nucleus
negative regulation of ribosomal large subunit export out of nucleus
negative regulation of ribosomal large subunit-nucleus export
negative regulation of ribosomal large subunit transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.
regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signalling pathway
positive regulation of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus.
positive regulation of 50S ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
positive regulation of 60S ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
positive regulation of ribosomal large subunit export from cell nucleus
positive regulation of ribosomal large subunit export out of nucleus
positive regulation of ribosomal large subunit-nucleus export
positive regulation of ribosomal large subunit transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of TLR1 signaling pathway
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signalling pathway
positive regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.
positive regulation of ribosomal subunit export from cell nucleus
positive regulation of ribosomal subunit export out of nucleus
positive regulation of ribosomal subunit-nucleus export
positive regulation of ribosomal subunit transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
positive regulation of ribosome export from nucleus
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of TLR1 signaling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signalling pathway
regulation of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus.
regulation of 50S ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
regulation of 60S ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
regulation of ribosomal large subunit export from cell nucleus
regulation of ribosomal large subunit export out of nucleus
regulation of ribosomal large subunit-nucleus export
regulation of ribosomal large subunit transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 2.
regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.
regulation of ribosomal subunit export from cell nucleus
regulation of ribosomal subunit export out of nucleus
regulation of ribosomal subunit-nucleus export
regulation of ribosomal subunit transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
regulation of ribosome export from nucleus
regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.
regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signalling pathway
negative regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.
negative regulation of ribosomal subunit export from cell nucleus
negative regulation of ribosomal subunit export out of nucleus
negative regulation of ribosomal subunit-nucleus export
negative regulation of ribosomal subunit transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
negative regulation of ribosome export from nucleus
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of TLR2 signaling pathway
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signalling pathway
negative regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization.
negative regulation of cellular ribonucleoprotein complex localization
negative regulation of establishment and maintenance of ribonucleoprotein complex localization
negative regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localisation
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of TLR2 signaling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signalling pathway
positive regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization.
positive regulation of cellular ribonucleoprotein complex localization
positive regulation of establishment and maintenance of ribonucleoprotein complex localization
positive regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localisation
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 3.
positive regulation of female gonad development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.
positive regulation of ovarian development
positive regulation of ovary development
regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.
regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signalling pathway
regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization.
regulation of cellular ribonucleoprotein complex localization
regulation of establishment and maintenance of ribonucleoprotein complex localization
regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localisation
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of TLR3 signaling pathway
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signalling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of TLR3 signaling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signalling pathway
negative regulation of female gonad development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.
negative regulation of ovarian development
negative regulation of ovary development
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 4.
negative regulation of fatty acid transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.
regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.
regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway
positive regulation of fatty acid transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of TLR4 signaling pathway
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway
regulation of male germ cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation.
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of TLR4 signaling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway
negative regulation of male germ cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation.
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 5.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.
negative regulation of behavioral response to food
negative regulation of behavioural response to food
negative regulation of feeding behaviour
regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.
regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signalling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.
positive regulation of behavioral response to food
positive regulation of behavioural response to food
positive regulation of feeding behaviour
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of TLR5 signaling pathway
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signalling pathway
negative regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization.
negative regulation of actin cytoskeleton remodeling
negative regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganisation
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of TLR5 signaling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signalling pathway
positive regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization.
positive regulation of actin cytoskeleton remodeling
positive regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganisation
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 6.
negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity.
negative regulation of establishment and/or maintenance of neuroblast cell polarity
regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.
regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signalling pathway
regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization.
regulation of actin cytoskeleton remodeling
regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganisation
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of TLR6 signaling pathway
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signalling pathway
positive regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ftsz-dependent cytokinesis.
positive regulation of prokaryote-type cytokinesis
positive regulation of prokaryotic fission
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of TLR6 signaling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signalling pathway
positive regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 7.
regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis.
regulation of prokaryote-type cytokinesis
regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.
regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signalling pathway
negative regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ftsz-dependent cytokinesis.
negative regulation of prokaryote-type cytokinesis
negative regulation of prokaryotic fission
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of TLR7 signaling pathway
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signalling pathway
negative regulation of reproductive process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process.
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of TLR7 signaling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signalling pathway
positive regulation of reproductive process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process.
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 8.
positive regulation of tRNA export from nucleus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA export from nucleus.
positive regulation of tRNA export from cell nucleus
positive regulation of tRNA export out of nucleus
positive regulation of tRNA-nucleus export
positive regulation of tRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.
regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signalling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process.
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of TLR8 signaling pathway
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signalling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA export from nucleus.
regulation of tRNA export from cell nucleus
regulation of tRNA export out of nucleus
regulation of tRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of TLR8 signaling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signalling pathway
negative regulation of tRNA export from nucleus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA export from nucleus.
negative regulation of tRNA export from cell nucleus
negative regulation of tRNA export out of nucleus
negative regulation of tRNA-nucleus export
negative regulation of tRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 9.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA processing.
regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.
regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signalling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA processing.
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of TLR9 signaling pathway
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signalling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA processing.
positive regulation of 35S primary transcript processing
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of TLR9 signaling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signalling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA processing.
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 10.
toll-like receptor 10 signalling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA processing.
regulation of 35S primary transcript processing
regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.
regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signalling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA processing.
negative regulation of 35S primary transcript processing
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of TLR10 signaling pathway
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signalling pathway
negative regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of TLR10 signaling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signalling pathway
positive regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 11.
toll-like receptor 11 signalling pathway
positive regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation.
positive regulation of pancreatic alpha cell differentiation
regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.
regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signalling pathway
regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of TLR11 signaling pathway
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signalling pathway
regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation.
regulation of pancreatic alpha cell differentiation
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of TLR11 signaling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signalling pathway
negative regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation.
negative regulation of pancreatic alpha cell differentiation
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 12.
toll-like receptor 12 signalling pathway
regulation of testosterone biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone biosynthetic process.
regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway.
regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signalling pathway
negative regulation of testosterone biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of TLR12 signaling pathway
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signalling pathway
receptor internalization involved in canonical Wnt signaling pathway
A receptor internalization process that contributes to canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
receptor internalization involved in canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway
receptor internalization involved in canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway
receptor internalization involved in canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway
receptor internalization involved in frizzled-1 receptor signaling pathway
receptor internalization involved in Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin
receptor internalization involved in Wnt receptor signaling pathway via beta-catenin
receptor internalization involved in Wnt receptor signalling pathway through beta-catenin
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of TLR12 signaling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signalling pathway
positive regulation of myotome development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotome development.
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 13.
toll-like receptor 13 signalling pathway
positive regulation of amino acid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of amino acid anabolism
positive regulation of amino acid biosynthesis
positive regulation of amino acid formation
positive regulation of amino acid synthesis
positive regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process
regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.
regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signalling pathway
obsolete negative regulation of regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential.
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of TLR13 signaling pathway
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signalling pathway
regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process.
regulation of amino acid biosynthetic process
regulation of cellular amino acid anabolism
regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthesis
regulation of cellular amino acid formation
regulation of cellular amino acid synthesis
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of TLR13 signaling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signalling pathway
negative regulation of amino acid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an amino acid biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of amino acid anabolism
negative regulation of amino acid biosynthesis
negative regulation of amino acid formation
negative regulation of amino acid synthesis
negative regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process
regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion
Any process that modulates the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a mitotic cell cycle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of root development.
negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion
Any process that decreases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a mitotic cell cycle.
obsolete regulation of histone H3-T3 phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-T3 phosphorylation.
positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion
Any process that increases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a mitotic cell cycle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.
Binding to an apolipoprotein, the protein component of a lipoprotein complex.
negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.
negative regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein activity
negative regulation of uncoupling protein activity
positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.
positive regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein activity
positive regulation of uncoupling protein activity
Combining with an apolipoprotein A-I receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
regulation of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system.
regulation of tracheal epithelial cell migration
very-low-density lipoprotein particle binding
Binding to a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that is typically composed of APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of about 1.006 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-80 nm.
regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.
regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein activity
regulation of uncoupling protein activity
negative regulation of signaling receptor activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity.
negative regulation of receptor activity
negative regulation of signalling receptor activity
Binding to an apolipoprotein A-I receptor.
positive regulation of signaling receptor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling receptor activity.
positive regulation of signalling receptor activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-galactonate, the anion of D-galactonic acid.
negative regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.
negative regulation of fibroblast apoptosis
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-galactonate, the anion of L-galactonic acid.
positive regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.
positive regulation of fibroblast apoptosis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-galactonate, the anion of D-galactonic acid.
positive regulation of blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-galactonate, the anion of L-galactonic acid.
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.
The directed movement of an acylglycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An acylglycerol is any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.
regulation of blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway.
The directed movement of triglyceride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins.
negative regulation of blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway.
cellular response to amino acid starvation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of amino acids.
negative regulation of blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway.
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase A.
positive regulation of blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway.
D,D-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-beta-D-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate + H2O = D-beta-D-heptose 1-phosphate + phosphate.
positive regulation of blood coagulation, common pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, common pathway.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oleic acid stimulus.
regulation of blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway.
Catalysis of the movement of a glycolipid from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
ATPase-coupled intramembrane glycolipid transporter activity
ATP-dependent intramembrane glycolipid transporter activity
glycolipid floppase activity (cytosolic to exoplasmic leaftlet)
regulation of blood coagulation, common pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, common pathway.
The translocation, or flipping, of glycolipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.
negative regulation of blood coagulation, common pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, common pathway.
The translocation, or flipping, of lipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.
negative regulation of protein activation cascade
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein activation cascade.
negative regulation of protein activation pathway
negative regulation of protein activitory cascade
The generation of amyloid-beta by cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP).
beta-amyloid polypeptide formation from amyloid precursor protein
beta-amyloid polypeptide formation from APP
positive regulation of protein activation cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein activation cascade.
positive regulation of protein activation pathway
positive regulation of protein activitory cascade
A protein-DNA complex formed by the association of a distinct set of general and specific transcription factors with a region of enhancer DNA. The cooperative assembly of an enhanceosome confers specificity of transcriptional regulation.
positive regulation of male germ cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation.
OBSOLETE. The addition of an acetyl group to a steroid molecule. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
regulation of protein activation cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein activation cascade.
regulation of protein activation pathway
regulation of protein activitory cascade
OBSOLETE. The removal of an acetyl group from a steroid molecule. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
positive regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.
positive regulation of Th17 immune response
OBSOLETE. The addition of an acetyl group to a sterol molecule. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation.
regulation of T-helper 17 cell development
OBSOLETE. The removal of an acetyl group from a sterol molecule. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.
GTP dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein serine/threonine = ADP + protein serine/threonine phosphate.
negative regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.
negative regulation of Th17 immune response
Catalysis of the acetylation of an amino acid residue of a peptide or protein, according to the reaction: acetyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-acetylpeptide.
negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation.
negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.
positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation.
positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
The formation of a protein hexamer, a macromolecular structure consisting of six noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
regulation of kainate selective glutamate receptor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kainate selective glutamate receptor activity.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: thiamine(out) + H+(out) = thiamine(in) + H+(in).
regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation.
regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
high-affinity thiamine:proton symporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: thiamine(out) + H+(out) = thiamine(in) + H+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity thiamin:hydrogen symporter activity
high-affinity thiamin:hydrogen symporter activity
high-affinity thiamin:proton symporter activity
high-affinity thiamine:hydrogen symporter activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity.
regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity
ascospore wall chitin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ascospore wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of ascospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA selective glutamate receptor activity.
regulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ascospore wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of ascospores.
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production.
negative regulation of TNFSF11 production
The process in which a carbohydrate is transported across a membrane.
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production.
positive regulation of TNFSF11 production
A process in which a monoatomic ion is transported across a membrane. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.
ATP hydrolysis coupled ion transmembrane transport
positive regulation of photomorphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photomorphogenesis.
positive regulation of plant development in response to light
fungal-type cell wall chitin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of fungal cells.
fungal-type cell wall chitin biosynthesis
regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production.
regulation of cell wall chitin metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin in a cell wall.
regulation of cell wall chitin metabolism
positive regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ceramide biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of ceramide anabolism
positive regulation of ceramide biosynthesis
positive regulation of ceramide formation
positive regulation of ceramide synthesis
regulation of ascospore wall chitin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ascospore wall chitin.
regulation of ascospore wall chitin anabolism
regulation of ascospore wall chitin biosynthesis
regulation of ascospore wall chitin formation
regulation of ascospore wall chitin synthesis
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance
Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance.
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway of regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway of regulation of photoreceptor cell axon pathfinding
semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway of regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance
semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway of regulation of photoreceptor cell axon pathfinding
cellular response to zinc ion starvation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of zinc ions.
cellular response to zinc ion limitation
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to zinc ion starvation
OBSOLETE. Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is deprived of zinc ions.
regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a ceramide biosynthetic process.
regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a tRNA molecule.
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
ethanolamine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of ethanolamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol, monoethanolamine) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine.
2-aminoethanol transmembrane transporter activity
monoethanolamine transmembrane transporter activity
regulation of Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
regulation of Rho-associated protein kinase activity
The directed movement of ethanolamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol, monoethanolamine) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine.
negative regulation of Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
negative regulation of Rho-associated protein kinase activity
negative regulation of ROCK kinase activity
The formation of mature enkephalin, a pentapeptide hormone involved in regulating pain and nociception in the body by proteolytic processing of enkephalin propeptide.
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process.
negative regulation of detoxification of H2O2
negative regulation of detoxification of hydrogen peroxide
negative regulation of H2O2 catabolic process
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide breakdown
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolism
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide degradation
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide removal
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide scavenging
The formation of mature islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) by posttranslational processing of pro-islet amyloid polypeptide (pro-IAPP).
negative regulation of synapse maturation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse maturation.
negative regulation of synaptic maturation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ascospore wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of ascospores.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation.
regulation of cell wall chitin catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall chitin.
regulation of cell wall chitin breakdown
regulation of cell wall chitin catabolism
regulation of cell wall chitin degradation
regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process.
regulation of detoxification of hydrogen peroxide
regulation of hydrogen peroxide breakdown
regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolism
regulation of hydrogen peroxide degradation
regulation of hydrogen peroxide scavenging
regulation of ascospore wall chitin catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ascospore wall chitin.
regulation of ascospore wall chitin breakdown
regulation of ascospore wall chitin catabolism
regulation of ascospore wall chitin degradation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation.
Binding to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. GPI anchors serve to attach membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation.
protein kinase A catalytic subunit binding
Binding to one or both of the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotome development.
protein kinase A regulatory subunit binding
Binding to one or both of the regulatory subunits of protein kinase A.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.
The binding and fusion of a macrophage to one or more other cells to form a multinucleated cell.
positive regulation of myoblast proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage fusion.
regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell axon guidance.
regulation of photoreceptor cell axon pathfinding
negative regulation of macrophage fusion
Any process that stops, prevents, or decreases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage fusion.
positive regulation of CD40 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of CD40 signalling pathway
positive regulation of macrophage fusion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage fusion.
regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.
regulation of apoptosis of endothelial cells
regulation of endothelial cell apoptosis
regulation of endothelial cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
regulation of killing of endothelial cells
regulation of programmed cell death, endothelial cells
regulation of programmed cell death of endothelial cells by apoptosis
negative regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway.
regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
regulation of gene-specific transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
regulation of RNA elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of CD40 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of CD40 signalling pathway
negative regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
negative regulation of gene-specific transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of RNA elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of hepatocyte proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.
mitochondrial DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
A DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex located in the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial RNA polymerase is composed of two subunits, a catalytic core, which resembles the enzymes from bacteriophage T7 and T3, and a specificity factor required for promoter recognition, which is similar to members of the eubacterial sigma factor family. In S. cerevisiae, these are encoded by the nuclear genes RPO41 and MTF1 and the specificity factor, required for promoter recognition and initiation, is not present in the elongating form.
mitochondrial RNA polymerase holoenzyme complex
positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.
mitochondrial transcription factor activity
Interacting with the mitochondrial promoter DNA to modulate transcription by the mitochondrial RNA polymerase.
mitochondrial DNA-binding transcription factor activity
mitochondrial polymerase transcription factor activity
mitochondrial RNA polymerase binding promoter specificity activity
mitochondrial RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
mitochondrial RNA polymerase core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
mitochondrial RNA polymerase promoter specificity activity
mitochondrial RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
mitochondrial sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
mitochondrial sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor activity
mitochondrial transcription initiation factor activity
sequence-specific DNA binding mitochondrial RNA polymerase transcription factor activity
transcription factor activity, mitochondrial proximal promoter sequence-specific binding
transcription factor activity, mitochondrial RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
transcription factor activity, mitochondrial RNA polymerase core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
positive regulation of acrosome reaction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction.
The process of removing sections of a primary snoRNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the snoRNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the snoRNA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides.
regulation of cellular amide metabolic process
negative regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production.
inhibition of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion
negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion
negative regulation of amide metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides.
negative regulation of cellular amide metabolic process
positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production.
positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion
positive regulation of amide metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides.
positive regulation of cellular amide metabolic process
positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production.
positive regulation of keratinocyte derived chemokine production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amides.
regulation of cellular amide catabolic process
regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion
regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion
negative regulation of amide catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amides.
negative regulation of amide degradation
negative regulation of cellular amide catabolic process
regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production.
regulation of keratinocyte derived chemokine production
positive regulation of amide catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amides.
positive regulation of amide degradation
positive regulation of cellular amide catabolic process
negative regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production.
negative regulation of keratinocyte derived chemokine production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urea.
negative regulation of endothelial microparticle formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial microparticle formation.
negative regulation of endothelial microparticle generation
negative regulation of endothelial microparticle release
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving urea.
positive regulation of endothelial microparticle formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial microparticle formation.
positive regulation of endothelial microparticle generation
positive regulation of endothelial microparticle release
Catalysis of the reaction: 71-hydroxychlorophyll(ide) a + NAD(P)+ = chlorophyll(ide) b + NAD(P)H + H+.
positive regulation of blood microparticle formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood microparticle formation.
positive regulation of microparticle generation
positive regulation of microparticle release
nicotinamide riboside transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of nicotinamide riboside, which is a pyridine-3-carboxamide covalently bonded to a ribose sugar, from one side of a membrane to the other.
regulation of endothelial microparticle formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial microparticle formation.
regulation of endothelial microparticle generation
regulation of endothelial microparticle release
The directed movement of a nicotinamide riboside, which is a pyridine-3-carboxamide covalently bonded to a ribose sugar, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of blood microparticle formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood microparticle formation.
negative regulation of blood microparticle formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood microparticle formation.
negative regulation of microparticle generation
negative regulation of microparticle release
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.
downregulation of regulation of Ran GTPase activity
down regulation of regulation of Ran GTPase activity
down-regulation of regulation of Ran GTPase activity
inhibition of regulation of Ran GTPase activity
negative regulation of guanosinetriphosphatase activity
negative regulation of Rab GTPase activity
negative regulation of Ran GTPase activity
negative regulation of Ras GTPase activity
negative regulation of Rho GTPase activity
positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.
positive regulation of Th17 cell lineage commitment
positive regulation of Th17 fate commitment
positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell fate commitment
regulation of terminal button organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of terminal button organization.
regulation of presynaptic bouton organization
regulation of synaptic bouton organization
regulation of terminal bouton organization
regulation of terminal button organisation
regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.
regulation of Th17 cell lineage commitment
regulation of T-helper 17 cell fate commitment
positive regulation of autophagy in response to ER overload
The process in which the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum triggers a response that positively regulates autophagy.
autophagy in response to endoplasmic reticulum overload
negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.
negative regulation of Th17 cell lineage commitment
negative regulation of Th17 fate commitment
negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell fate commitment
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine.
obsolete negative regulation of nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity.
isopentenyl adenine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine.
obsolete positive regulation of nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine.
positive regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.
positive regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signalling pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways involving discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.
obsolete regulation of nuclear receptor coactivator activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.
regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signalling pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.
negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signalling pathway
A protein complex that is involved in the Cvt pathway. In budding yeast, the Cvt complex consists of multimers of preApe1p.
negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation.
negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell development
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type I
A class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that is involved in autophagy. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps30p, Vps34p, Apg14p and Vps15p.
autophagy-specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) complex
positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation.
positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell development
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type II
A class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that is involved in vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) via endosomes. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps30p, Vps34p, Vps38 and Vps15p.
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex II
positive regulation of mesoderm development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development.
A protein complex required for the expansion of the autophagosomal membrane. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Atg12p, Atg5p and Atg16p.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving kynurenic acid, 4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid.
4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid metabolic process
negative regulation of mesoderm development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of kynurenic acid, 4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid.
4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolism
negative regulation of ROS metabolic process
Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-cassa-12,15-diene + diphosphate.
ent-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (ent-cassa-12,15-diene-forming) activity
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolism
positive regulation of ROS metabolic process
Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = stemar-13-ene + diphosphate.
9alpha-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (stemar-13-ene-forming) activity
positive regulation of oxygen metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process.
positive regulation of diatomic oxygen metabolic process
positive regulation of oxygen metabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = 9-beta-pimara-7,15-diene + diphosphate.
9alpha-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (9beta-pimara-7,15-diene-forming) activity
regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolism
ent-sandaracopimaradiene synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-sandaracopimara-8(14),15-diene + diphosphate.
ent-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [ent-sandaracopimara-8(14),15-diene-forming] activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process.
regulation of diatomic oxygen metabolic process
Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-isokaurene + diphosphate.
negative regulation of oxygen metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process.
negative regulation of diatomic oxygen metabolic process
negative regulation of oxygen metabolism
ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene + diphosphate.
ent-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene-forming] activity
negative regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.
negative regulation of deoxyribonucleate topoisomerase
negative regulation of deoxyribonucleic topoisomerase activity
negative regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)
negative regulation of DNA topoisomerase II
negative regulation of DNA topoisomerase IV activity
negative regulation of DNA topoisomerase type II activity
negative regulation of type II DNA topoisomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = stemod-13(17)-ene + diphosphate.
9alpha-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [stemod-13(17)-ene-forming] activity
positive regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.
positive regulation of deoxyribonucleate topoisomerase
positive regulation of deoxyribonucleic topoisomerase activity
positive regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)
positive regulation of DNA topoisomerase II
positive regulation of DNA topoisomerase IV activity
positive regulation of DNA topoisomerase type II activity
positive regulation of type II DNA topoisomerase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monosaccharide stimulus.
positive regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
positive regulation of clathrin coated pit-dependent endocytosis
positive regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disaccharide stimulus.
regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.
regulation of deoxyribonucleate topoisomerase
regulation of deoxyribonucleic topoisomerase activity
regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)
regulation of DNA topoisomerase IV activity
regulation of DNA topoisomerase type II activity
regulation of type II DNA topoisomerase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a maltose stimulus.
positive regulation of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis.
positive regulation of acrosomal granule exocytosis
positive regulation of acrosome exocytosis
The series of events in which a stimulus from a monosaccharide is received and converted into a molecular signal.
regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
regulation of clathrin coated pit-dependent endocytosis
regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis
The series of events in which a stimulus from a disaccharide is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events in which a maltose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
regulation of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis.
regulation of acrosomal granule exocytosis
negative regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.
negative regulation of (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate E-isomerase activity
negative regulation of endoperoxide isomerase activity
negative regulation of PGE2 isomerase activity
negative regulation of PGE isomerase activity
negative regulation of PGH-PGE isomerase activity
negative regulation of prostaglandin endoperoxide E2 isomerase activity
negative regulation of prostaglandin endoperoxide E isomerase activity
negative regulation of Prostaglandin-H(2) E-isomerase activity
negative regulation of prostaglandin-H2 E-isomerase activity
negative regulation of prostaglandin H-E isomerase activity
negative regulation of prostaglandin R-prostaglandin E isomerase activity
The formation of spores derived from the products of meiosis.
positive regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.
positive regulation of (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate E-isomerase activity
positive regulation of endoperoxide isomerase activity
positive regulation of PGE2 isomerase activity
positive regulation of PGE isomerase activity
positive regulation of PGH-PGE isomerase activity
positive regulation of prostaglandin endoperoxide E2 isomerase activity
positive regulation of prostaglandin endoperoxide E isomerase activity
positive regulation of Prostaglandin-H(2) E-isomerase activity
positive regulation of prostaglandin-H2 E-isomerase activity
positive regulation of prostaglandin H-E isomerase activity
positive regulation of prostaglandin R-prostaglandin E isomerase activity
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a sexual spore wall, the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from a product of meiosis.
negative regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of binding of sperm to the zona pellucida.
The process in which spores form outside a specialized end cell known as a basidium. Basidia are characteristic of the basidiomycete fungi (phylum Basidiomycota), and give rise to spores that each contain a haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis. The spores are usually attached to the basidium by short spikes called sterigmata (singular: sterigma). In most basidiomycetes there are four sterigmata (and four spores) to a basidium.
regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.
regulation of (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate E-isomerase activity
regulation of endoperoxide isomerase activity
regulation of PGH-PGE isomerase activity
regulation of prostaglandin endoperoxide E2 isomerase activity
regulation of prostaglandin endoperoxide E isomerase activity
regulation of Prostaglandin-H(2) E-isomerase activity
regulation of prostaglandin-H2 E-isomerase activity
regulation of prostaglandin H-E isomerase activity
regulation of prostaglandin R-prostaglandin E isomerase activity
The process in which zygospores are formed. Zygospores are characteristic of the zygomycete fungi (phylum Zygomycota) thick-walled and darkly colored, and usually heavily ornamented as well, with many spines or ridges. It is formed between two specialized organs called suspensors, which are themselves usually heavily ornamented, one from each mating partner. The zygospore forms between them and then breaks away.
positive regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation.
The process in which oidia, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Oidia are borne a few at a time on very simple hyphae that protrude a short distance into the substrate, and are usually presumed not to constitute the main reproductive strategy of the fungus.
regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding of sperm to the zona pellucida.
The formation of conidia by the conversion of a pre-existing hypha. An arthrospore is produced by the last cell on a hypha breaking off and dispersing. Usually the walls thicken and the cell(s) separates before swelling of each spore. Sometimes further septa form in each cell prior to disarticulation.
regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation.
The formation of a spore following the marked enlargement of part of a cell before separation by a septum. Blastospores are a type of asexual spore found in some fungi, most notably the class Glomeromycota.
negative regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation.
The process in which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.
regulation of ovarian follicle development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development.
The process in which a cell gives rise to an endospore, a dormant, highly resistant spore with a thick wall that forms within the mother cell. Endospores are produced by some low G+C Gram-positive bacteria in response to harsh conditions.
negative regulation of ovarian follicle development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development.
The process in which an akinete, a thick-walled (encysted) dormant cell derived from the enlargement of a vegetative cell, is formed. Akinetes typically have granular cytoplasm, are more resistant to environmental extremes than vegetative cells, and are characteristic of several groups of Cyanobacteria.
negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.
negative regulation of apoptosis of endothelial cells
negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptosis
negative regulation of endothelial cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
negative regulation of killing of endothelial cells
negative regulation of programmed cell death, endothelial cells
negative regulation of programmed cell death of endothelial cells by apoptosis
The process in which differentiated, resting cells are formed, usually within a fruiting body by Myxobacteria. The myxospore is more resistant to high temperature, dessication, and UV than vegetative myxobacteria.
positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.
positive regulation of apoptosis of endothelial cells
positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptosis
positive regulation of endothelial cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
positive regulation of killing of endothelial cells
positive regulation of programmed cell death, endothelial cells
positive regulation of programmed cell death of endothelial cells by apoptosis
The process in which differentiated, resting cells are formed from a substrate mycelium; characteristic of many members of the order Actinomycetales.
negative regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration.
negative regulation of fibronectin-dependent immature T cell migration
negative regulation of fibronectin-dependent immature T-cell migration
negative regulation of fibronectin-dependent immature T lymphocyte migration
negative regulation of fibronectin-dependent immature T-lymphocyte migration
negative regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymic lymphocyte migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore formation from the products of mitosis.
positive regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration.
positive regulation of fibronectin-dependent immature T cell migration
positive regulation of fibronectin-dependent immature T-cell migration
positive regulation of fibronectin-dependent immature T lymphocyte migration
positive regulation of fibronectin-dependent immature T-lymphocyte migration
positive regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymic lymphocyte migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore formation from the products of meiosis. An example of this is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
positive regulation of thymocyte migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.
positive regulation of immature T cell migration
positive regulation of immature T-cell migration
positive regulation of immature T lymphocyte migration
positive regulation of immature T-lymphocyte migration
positive regulation of thymic lymphocyte migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration.
regulation of fibronectin-dependent immature T cell migration
regulation of fibronectin-dependent immature T-cell migration
regulation of fibronectin-dependent immature T lymphocyte migration
regulation of fibronectin-dependent immature T-lymphocyte migration
regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymic lymphocyte migration
The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.
regulation of immature T lymphocyte migration
regulation of immature T-lymphocyte migration
regulation of thymic lymphocyte migration
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.
negative regulation of thymocyte migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.
negative regulation of immature T cell migration
negative regulation of immature T-cell migration
negative regulation of immature T lymphocyte migration
negative regulation of immature T-lymphocyte migration
negative regulation of thymic lymphocyte migration
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.
negative regulation of T cell extravasation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.
negative regulation of T-cell extravasation
negative regulation of T lymphocyte extravasation
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte extravasation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a diol, a compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic.
positive regulation of T cell extravasation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.
positive regulation of T-cell extravasation
positive regulation of T lymphocyte extravasation
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte extravasation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a diol, any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.
positive regulation of T lymphocyte migration
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte migration
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a diol, any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.
regulation of T lymphocyte extravasation
regulation of T-lymphocyte extravasation
Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation
The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine to form a new branch on the side of an existing actin filament; mediated by the Arp2/3 protein complex and its interaction with other proteins.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.
regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.
negative regulation of T lymphocyte migration
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte migration
negative regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins.
negative regulation of lymphocyte migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nicotinic acid riboside = ADP + nicotinic acid mononucleotide.
positive regulation of lymphocyte migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on an alcohol acceptor molecule.
acyl-CoA:alcohol O-acyltransferase activity
acyl-coenzymeA:alcohol O-acyltransferase activity
acyl-coenzymeA:ethanol O-acyltransferase activity
positive regulation of thymocyte aggregation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte aggregation.
positive regulation of immature T cell aggregation
positive regulation of immature T-cell aggregation
positive regulation of immature T-lymphocyte aggregation
positive regulation of T cell precursor aggregation
positive regulation of thymic lymphocyte aggregation
Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + a butyl ester.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration.
Catalysis of the reaction: hexanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + a hexyl ester.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte aggregation.
regulation of immature T cell aggregation
regulation of immature T-cell aggregation
regulation of immature T-lymphocyte aggregation
regulation of T cell precursor aggregation
regulation of thymic lymphocyte aggregation
Catalysis of the reaction: octanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + an octyl ester.
negative regulation of thymocyte aggregation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte aggregation.
negative regulation of immature T cell aggregation
negative regulation of immature T-cell aggregation
negative regulation of immature T-lymphocyte aggregation
negative regulation of T cell precursor aggregation
negative regulation of thymic lymphocyte aggregation
Catalysis of the reaction: decanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + a decyl ester.
negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis.
negative regulation of ubiquitin-mediated endocytosis
Catalysis of the transfer of a butyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis.
positive regulation of ubiquitin-mediated endocytosis
Catalysis of the transfer of a hexyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
positive regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium morphogenesis.
positive regulation of lamellipodium organization
Catalysis of the transfer of a decyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
regulation of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis.
regulation of ubiquitin-mediated endocytosis
Catalysis of the transfer of a butanoyl (CH3-[CH2]2-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.
regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium morphogenesis.
regulation of lamellipodium organization
Catalysis of the transfer of a hexanoyl (CH3-[CH2]4-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.
negative regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium morphogenesis.
negative regulation of lamellipodium organization
Catalysis of the transfer of a decanoyl (CH3-[CH2]8-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.
negative regulation of neutrophil extravasation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil extravasation.
A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell junction.
positive regulation of neutrophil extravasation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil extravasation.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell junction. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
positive regulation of antral ovarian follicle growth
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antral ovarian follicle growth.
The organization process that preserves a cell junction in a stable functional or structural state. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil extravasation.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
positive regulation of ovarian follicle development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
regulation of antral ovarian follicle growth
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antral ovarian follicle growth.
The maintenance of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
negative regulation of ectoderm development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development.
Catalytic introduction of negative supercoils into a DNA molecule or region thereof. In bacteria, negative supercoils are only introduced by DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, but not all DNA gyrases are capable of introducing supercoils. In bacteria, the level of supercoiling varies widely between species and has been characterized properly in only a handful of organisms. The best characterized enzyme, from E.coli, is exceptionally proficient at supercoiling and this ability is not representative of all bacteria.
positive regulation of ectoderm development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development.
Binding to an RNA molecule that has assumed an incorrect conformation.
regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway.
regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signalling pathway
The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single or multimeric RNAs into the correct tertiary structure.
negative regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signalling pathway
negative regulation of MIF signaling pathway
Catalysis of the reaction: a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylic anion, where the carboxylic chain has 8 or fewer carbon atoms.
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of TLR21 signaling pathway
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signalling pathway
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by nuclear hormone receptor
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a ligand-bound hormone receptor acts in the nucleus to modulate the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of TLR21 signaling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signalling pathway
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type I interferon stimulus. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of TLR15 signaling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signalling pathway
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.
regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signalling pathway
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type III interferon stimulus. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway.
regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signalling pathway
The appearance of type III interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of TLR15 signaling pathway
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signalling pathway
regulation of type III interferon production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type III interferon production. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
negative regulation of monocyte extravasation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation.
negative regulation of type III interferon production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type III interferon production. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
downregulation of type III interferon production
down regulation of type III interferon production
down-regulation of type III interferon production
inhibition of type III interferon production
negative regulation of type III IFN production
positive regulation of monocyte extravasation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation.
positive regulation of type III interferon production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type III interferon production. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
activation of type III interferon production
positive regulation of type III IFN production
stimulation of type III interferon production
upregulation of type III interferon production
up regulation of type III interferon production
up-regulation of type III interferon production
positive regulation of protein neddylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein neddylation.
positive regulation of RUB1-protein conjugation
Binding to a type III interferon. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation.
Combining with a type III interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein neddylation.
Any apoptotic process in a glial cell, a non-neuronal cell of the nervous system.
glial cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
programmed cell death of glia by apoptosis
programmed cell death of glial cells by apoptosis
negative regulation of protein neddylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein neddylation.
negative regulation of RUB1-protein conjugation
regulation of glial cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.
negative regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
negative regulation of contractile ring assembly
negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.
negative regulation of glial cell apoptosis
positive regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
positive regulation of contractile ring assembly
positive regulation of glial cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.
positive regulation of glial cell apoptosis
positive regulation of neutrophil aggregation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil aggregation.
positive regulation of neutrocyte aggregation
positive regulation of neutrophilic leukocyte aggregation
positive regulation of neutrophil leucocyte aggregation
Catalysis of the removal of a 5' terminal diphosphate from the 5'-triphosphate end of an mRNA, leaving a 5'-monophosphate end.
regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of tryptophan from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
de novo NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil aggregation.
regulation of neutrophilic leukocyte aggregation
regulation of neutrophil leucocyte aggregation
Any process that generates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis; salvage is usually from the degradation products nicotinic acid (Na) and nicotinamide (Nam).
negative regulation of neutrophil aggregation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil aggregation.
negative regulation of neutrocyte aggregation
negative regulation of neutrophilic leukocyte aggregation
negative regulation of neutrophil leucocyte aggregation
NAD biosynthesis via nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from the vitamin precursor nicotinamide riboside.
negative regulation of apoptotic cell clearance
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance.
negative regulation of apoptotic cell removal
negative regulation of programmed cell clearance
A membrane enriched in complexes formed of reaction centers, accessory pigments and electron carriers, in which photosynthetic reactions take place.
positive regulation of apoptotic cell clearance
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance.
positive regulation of apoptotic cell removal
positive regulation of programmed cell clearance
A spherical particle with a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and/or cholesterol esters, surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins. Plasma lipoprotein particles transport lipids, which are non-covalently associated with the particles, in the blood or lymph.
positive regulation of eosinophil chemotaxis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil chemotaxis.
A chylomicron that contains apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2), a cofactor for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, and has a mean diameter of 500 nm and density of 0.95g/ml. Mature chylomicron particles transport exogenous (dietary) lipids from the intestines to other body tissues, via the blood and lymph.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance.
A lipoprotein particle that is derived from a mature chylomicron particle by the removal of triglycerides from the chylomicron core by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of surface components. It characteristically contains apolipoprotein E (APOE) and is cleared from the blood by the liver.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil chemotaxis.
A triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that is typically composed of APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of about 1.006 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-80 nm. It is found in blood and transports endogenous products (newly synthesized cholesterol and triglycerides) from the liver.
negative regulation of eosinophil chemotaxis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil chemotaxis.
A lipoprotein particle, rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides that is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm. LDL particles are formed from VLDL particles (via IDL) by the loss of triglyceride and gain of cholesterol ester. They transport endogenous cholesterol (and to some extent triglycerides) from peripheral tissues back to the liver.
negative regulation of eosinophil extravasation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.
intermediate-density lipoprotein particle
A triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that typically contains APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of 1.006-1.019 g/ml and a diameter of between 25-30 nm. IDL particles are found in blood and are formed by the delipidation of very-low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDL). IDL particles are removed from blood by the liver, following binding to the APOE receptor, or are converted to low-density lipoprotein (LDL).
intermediate-density lipoprotein complex
positive regulation of eosinophil extravasation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.
A lipoprotein particle with a high density (typically 1.063-1.21 g/ml) and a diameter of 5-10 nm that contains APOAs and may contain APOCs and APOE; found in blood and carries lipids from body tissues to the liver as part of the reverse cholesterol transport process.
positive regulation of eosinophil migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration.
discoidal high-density lipoprotein particle
A newly formed high-density lipoprotein particle; consists of a phospholipid bilayer surrounded by two or more APOA1 molecules. The discoidal HDL particle is formed when lipid-free or lipid-poor APOA1 acquires phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol from either cell membranes or triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (undergoing lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase).
nascent high-density lipoprotein particle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.
spherical high-density lipoprotein particle
A mature high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle, converted from discoidal HDL particles following the esterification of cholesterol in the particle by phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT).
mature high-density lipoprotein particle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration.
The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.
negative regulation of eosinophil migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration.
The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a protein-lipid complex.
positive regulation of metanephric podocyte development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development.
positive regulation of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development
The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a plasma lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the esterification of cholesterol by phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT).
regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.
regulation of 3',5' cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity
regulation of 3',5'-cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity
regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate-dependent protein kinase activity
regulation of ATP:protein phosphotransferase (cAMP-dependent) activity
regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, intrinsic catalyst activity
regulation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity
triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling
The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride from a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle.
triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling
positive regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.
positive regulation of opioid receptor signalling pathway
The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a chylomicron, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
regulation of metanephric podocyte development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development.
regulation of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development
very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
intermediate-density lipoprotein particle formation
regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of opioid receptor signalling pathway
intermediate-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within an intermediate-density lipoprotein particle.
low-density lipoprotein particle formation
negative regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of opioid receptor signalling pathway
low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL.
small dense low-density lipoprotein particle formation
negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.
negative regulation of hemopoietic stem cell migration
high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a high-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL.
positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.
positive regulation of hemopoietic stem cell migration
conversion of discoidal high-density lipoprotein particle to spherical high-density lipoprotein particle
The process in which a discoidal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle acquires additional lipid or protein molecules, and cholesterol in the particle is converted to tightly bound cholesterol esters by the action of phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT), resulting in the formation of a spherical HDL particle.
conversion of discoidal HDL to spherical HDL
discoidal high-density lipoprotein remodeling
positive regulation of peroxidase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.
positive regulation of donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of oxyperoxidase activity
positive regulation of peroxidase reaction
The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a plasma lipoprotein particle.
regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.
regulation of hemopoietic stem cell migration
The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the intestine to form a chylomicron.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.
regulation of donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly
The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the liver to form a very-low-density lipoprotein particle.
negative regulation of peroxidase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.
negative regulation of donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of oxyperoxidase activity
negative regulation of peroxidase reaction
high-density lipoprotein particle assembly
The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle.
negative regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.
negative regulation of glycogen (starch) synthetase activity
negative regulation of UDPG-glycogen synthetase activity
negative regulation of UDPG-glycogen transglucosylase activity
negative regulation of UDPglucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of UDP-glucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of UDP-glycogen synthase activity
negative regulation of uridine diphosphoglucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase activity
The process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.
positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthetase activity
positive regulation of UDPG-glycogen synthetase activity
positive regulation of UDPG-glycogen transglucosylase activity
positive regulation of UDPglucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of UDP-glucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of UDP-glycogen synthase activity
positive regulation of uridine diphosphoglucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase activity
The process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded.
positive regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis.
low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
The process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.
regulation of glycogen (starch) synthetase activity
regulation of UDPG-glycogen synthetase activity
regulation of UDPG-glycogen transglucosylase activity
regulation of UDPglucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
regulation of UDP-glucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
regulation of UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase activity
regulation of UDP-glycogen synthase activity
regulation of uridine diphosphoglucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase activity
high-density lipoprotein particle clearance
The process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
obsolete positive regulation of eukaryotic cell surface binding
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eukaryotic cell surface binding.
triglyceride-rich plasma lipoprotein particle
A plasma lipoprotein particle that has a hydrophobic core enriched in triglycerides surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins. Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles transport lipids, which are non-covalently associated with the particles, in the blood.
triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein particle
positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential
Any process that enhances the establishment or increases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
positive regulation of excitatory post-synaptic membrane potential
4-aminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = succinate semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
4-aminobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
4-aminobutyrate-2-ketoglutarate aminotransferase activity
4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase activity
4-aminobutyric acid 2-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase activity
GABA-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
GABA-2-oxoglutarate transaminase activity
GABA-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase activity
GABA-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity
GABA-alpha-ketoglutaric acid transaminase activity
GABA-alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
GABA-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
gamma-aminobutyrate:alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
gamma-aminobutyrate-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase activity
gamma-aminobutyrate-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity
gamma-aminobutyric acid-2-oxoglutarate transaminase activity
gamma-aminobutyric acid-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity
gamma-aminobutyric acid-alpha-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase activity
obsolete regulation of eukaryotic cell surface binding
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eukaryotic cell surface binding.
4-aminobutyrate:pyruvate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + pyruvate = succinate semialdehyde + alanine.
gamma-aminobutyric acid pyruvate transaminase activity
obsolete negative regulation of eukaryotic cell surface binding
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eukaryotic cell surface binding.
Pwp2p-containing subcomplex of 90S preribosome
A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome and can interact directly with the 5' External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of the full length pre-rRNA transcript. In S. cerevisiae, it sediments at 25-30 S and is composed of Pwp2p, Dip2p, Utp21p, Utp13p, Utp18p, and Utp6p.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lipid particle.
lipid particle organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis.
Any apoptotic process in a smooth muscle cell. Smooth muscle consists of non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels.
programmed cell death, smooth muscle cells
programmed cell death of smooth muscle cells by apoptosis
smooth muscle cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.
regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.
regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.
downregulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
down regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
down-regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
inhibition of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation.
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.
activation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
stimulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
upregulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
up regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
up-regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation.
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to an iron stimulus.
regulation of specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation.
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to an iron stimulus.
downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
negative regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter in response to iron
negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation.
Any process in which a telomere is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation.
The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery.
positive regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway.
positive regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signalling pathway
positive regulation of MIF signaling pathway
The portion of the nuclear lumen proximal to the inner nuclear membrane.
regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation.
A plastid found in senescing, formerly green tissues that is derived from a chloroplast that undergoes an organized developmental program of senescence.
positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis.
obsolete chromatin organization involved in regulation of transcription
OBSOLETE. Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of DNA-dependent transcription.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granzyme A production.
recruitment of 3'-end processing factors to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex
The process in which proteins required for 3'-end transcript processing become associated with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex and the 3' end of a transcript.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis.
alignment of 3' and 5' splice sites of mRNA
Recognition of both the 5' and 3'-splice sites and positioning them in the correct alignment with respect to each other so that the second catalytic step of nuclear mRNA splicing can occur.
alignment of 3' and 5' splice sites of nuclear mRNA
negative regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis.
nucleobase-containing small molecule biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide anabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide formation
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide synthesis
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
positive regulation of blood vessel remodeling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel remodeling.
cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
cell wall 1,3-beta-D-glucan metabolic process
cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan metabolic process
cell wall beta-1,3 glucan metabolic process
ascospore wall beta-glucan metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
negative regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell chemotaxis.
ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
ascospore wall 1,3-beta-D-glucan metabolic process
ascospore wall 1,3-beta-glucan metabolic process
ascospore wall 1,3-beta-glucan metabolism
ascospore wall beta-1,3 glucan metabolic process
ascospore wall beta-1,3 glucan metabolism
positive regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell chemotaxis.
cell wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
obsolete positive regulation of induction of apoptosis in response to chemical stimulus
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of induction of apoptosis in response to chemical stimulus.
cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
cell wall 1,3-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthetic process
cell wall beta-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process
regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell chemotaxis.
ascospore wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
obsolete regulation of induction of apoptosis in response to chemical stimulus
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of induction of apoptosis in response to chemical stimulus.
ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
ascospore wall 1,3-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
ascospore wall 1,3-beta-glucan anabolism
ascospore wall 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthesis
ascospore wall 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthetic process
ascospore wall 1,3-beta-glucan formation
ascospore wall 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis
ascospore wall beta-1,3-glucan anabolism
ascospore wall beta-1,3-glucan biosynthesis
ascospore wall beta-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process
ascospore wall beta-1,3-glucan formation
ascospore wall beta-1,3-glucan synthesis
obsolete negative regulation of induction of apoptosis in response to chemical stimulus
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of induction of apoptosis in response to chemical stimulus.
tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage, endonucleolytic
Endonucleolytic cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA.
endonucleolytic tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage
negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.
tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage, exonucleolytic
Exonucleolytic cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA.
positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.
obsolete bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diphosphoglycerate + H2O = phosphoglycerate + phosphate.
positive regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signalling pathway
bisphosphoglycerate 3-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-2,3-bisphosphoglycerate + H2O = (2R)-2-phosphoglycerate + phosphate.
2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate 3-phosphohydrolase activity
regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine.
regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signalling pathway
obsolete L-2-hydroxyglutarate oxidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-hydroxyglutarate + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + hydrogen peroxide.
negative regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.
negative regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signalling pathway
The addition of an acetyl group to one or more amino acids in a protein, occurring before the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
cotranslational protein amino acid acetylation
co-translational protein amino acid acetylation
negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.
The addition of an acetyl group to one or more amino acids in a protein, occurring after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
posttranslational protein amino acid acetylation
post-translational protein amino acid acetylation
positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of an aleurone grain.
positive regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of brassinosteroid anabolism
positive regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthesis
positive regulation of brassinosteroid formation
positive regulation of brassinosteroid synthesis
The volume enclosed within the autophagosome double-membrane.
regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.
A membrane-associated protein complex that is required for a late stage of endosomal transport. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps55p and Vps68p proteins.
negative regulation of glutamine transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.
negative regulation of L-glutamine transport
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the etioplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
positive regulation of glutamine transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.
positive regulation of L-glutamine transport
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a etioplast and form the etioplast envelope.
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic, 3'-5'
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the mRNA transcript body that occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.
3'-5' exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic, 5'-3'
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the mRNA transcript body that occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.
5'-3' exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process
Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the optic tectum towards target cells in the premotor reticulospinal system in the hindbrain.
monolayer-surrounded lipid storage body outer lipid monolayer
The single layer of phopholipids surrounding a lipid storage body.
lipid storage body surface lipid monolayer
negative regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.
negative regulation of 3',5' cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity
negative regulation of 3',5'-cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity
negative regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate-dependent protein kinase activity
negative regulation of ATP:protein phosphotransferase (cAMP-dependent) activity
negative regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, intrinsic catalyst activity
negative regulation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity
negative regulation of protein kinase A activity
bis(5'-adenosyl)-hexaphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: P1-P6-bis(5'-adenosyl) hexaphosphate + H2O = AMP + adenosine 5'-pentaphosphate.
diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P6-hexaphosphate hydrolase activity
positive regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.
positive regulation of 3',5' cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity
positive regulation of 3',5'-cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity
positive regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate-dependent protein kinase activity
positive regulation of ATP:protein phosphotransferase (cAMP-dependent) activity
positive regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, intrinsic catalyst activity
positive regulation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity
positive regulation of protein kinase A activity
bis(5'-adenosyl)-pentaphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: P1-P6-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate + H2O = AMP + adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate.
diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P6-pentaphosphate hydrolase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation.
OBSOLETE. A lipid modification process in which a steroid ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and a steroid molecule (e.g. cholesterol).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation.
OBSOLETE. A lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and a sterol molecule (e.g. cholesterol).
negative regulation of protein geranylgeranylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein geranylgeranylation.
negative regulation of C-terminal protein geranylgeranylation
negative regulation of protein amino acid geranylgeranylation
OBSOLETE. A lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and cholesterol. In the blood this process is associated with the conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester, which is then sequestered into the core of a lipoprotein particle.
positive regulation of protein geranylgeranylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein geranylgeranylation.
positive regulation of C-terminal protein geranylgeranylation
positive regulation of protein amino acid geranylgeranylation
The directed movement of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of B cell chemotaxis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell chemotaxis.
obsolete glycoprotein transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a glycoprotein from one side of a membrane to the other.
regulation of protein geranylgeranylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein geranylgeranylation.
regulation of C-terminal protein geranylgeranylation
regulation of protein amino acid geranylgeranylation
The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids in the protein.
negative regulation of entry of bacterium into host cell
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of entry of bacterium into host cell.
negative regulation of bacterial entry into host cell
negative regulation of invasion of bacteria into host cell
The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of the lipid group.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell chemotaxis.
The removal of one or more electrons from a lipid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.
positive regulation of renal albumin absorption
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption.
The modification of a lipid or protein within a plasma lipoprotein particle by oxidation of the lipid or one or more amino acids.
regulation of entry of bacterium into host cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of entry of bacterium into host cell.
regulation of bacterial entry into host cell
regulation of invasion of bacteria into host cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein oxidation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption.
negative regulation of lipoprotein oxidation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein oxidation.
negative regulation of renal albumin absorption
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption.
regulation of plasma lipoprotein oxidation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein oxidation, occurring in the blood plasma.
regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle oxidation
obsolete positive regulation of regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus.
negative regulation of plasma lipoprotein oxidation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein particle oxidation, occurring in the blood plasma.
inhibition of plasma lipoprotein oxidation
negative regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle oxidation
obsolete regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the biosynthesis of fatty acids, by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading
The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate.
cell spreading during cell substrate adhesion
substrate adhesion dependent cell spreading
negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis.
very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
The process in which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis.
positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process involved in immunological synapse formation
Any positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process that is involved in immunological synapse formation.
positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process of formation of immunological synapse
positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process of immunological synapse formation
regulation of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis.
Isoenergetic transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to an existing ubiquitin chain via the reaction X-ubiquitin + Y-ubiquitin -> Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin + X, where both the X-ubiquitin and Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
negative regulation of T cell costimulation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell costimulation.
negative regulation of T cell co-stimulation
negative regulation of T-cell costimulation
negative regulation of T-cell co-stimulation
negative regulation of T lymphocyte costimulation
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte costimulation
A small (70-100 nm) cytoplasmic granule that contains a number of centrosomal proteins; centriolar satellites traffic toward microtubule minus ends and are enriched near the centrosome.
positive regulation of T cell costimulation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell costimulation.
positive regulation of T cell co-stimulation
positive regulation of T-cell costimulation
positive regulation of T-cell co-stimulation
positive regulation of T lymphocyte costimulation
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte costimulation
Binding to a dynactin complex; a large protein complex that activates dynein-based motor activity.
positive regulation of immunological synapse formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.
positive regulation of formation of immunological synapse
Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell costimulation.
regulation of T lymphocyte costimulation
regulation of T-lymphocyte costimulation
Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a centrosome.
regulation of immunological synapse formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.
regulation of formation of immunological synapse
A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome and is required for the subsequent assembly of the rest of the preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Utp5p, Utp4p, Nan1p, Utp8p, Utp9p, Utp10 and Utp15p.
Nan1p-containing subcomplex of 90S preribosome
negative regulation of immunological synapse formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.
negative regulation of formation of immunological synapse
A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rrp7p, Utp22p, Ckb1p, Cka1p, Ckb2p and Cka2p.
Rrp7p-containing subcomplex of 90S preribosome
negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation.
negative regulation of Th1 cell activation
A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Mpp10p, Imp3p and Imp4p.
positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation.
positive regulation of Th1 cell activation
Unwinding of an RNA helix in the 3' to 5' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
ATP-dependent 3'-5' RNA helicase activity
ATP-dependent 3' to 5' RNA helicase activity
positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation.
The assembly of a uropod by rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and overlying membrane.
regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
The process in which a uropod detaches from the cell substrate and retracts the rear of a migrating cell.
negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a small-subunit processome.
negative regulation of granzyme A production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granzyme A production.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a 90S preribosome. The 90S preribosome represents the complex that forms on the primary rRNA transcript before it splits into the small subunit and large subunit portions.
positive regulation of granzyme A production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granzyme A production.
A ciliary protein complex involved in cilium biogenesis. It consists of at least seven Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) proteins and BBIP10. It moves in association with IFT trains through cilia (likely as an IFT-A/B adaptor or cargo), and is required for the integrity of IFT-A and IFT-B.
obsolete regulation of microtubule motor activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule motor activity.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon monoxide (CO) stimulus.
obsolete negative regulation of microtubule motor activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule motor activity.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of a chromaffin granule.
positive regulation of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes.
positive regulation of IL-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes
The volume enclosed by the membrane of an esterosome.
positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of a glycosome.
positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell activation.
positive regulation of Th2 cell activation
The volume enclosed by any of the membranes of the thin, flattened cisternae that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.
regulation of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes.
regulation of IL-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes
Any process that results in the conversion of one or more primary non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts into one or more mature ncRNA molecules.
positive regulation of memory T cell activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell activation.
Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of a non-coding RNA molecule.
regulation of T-helper 2 cell activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell activation.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an snRNA molecule.
positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U1 snRNA molecule.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell activation.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U2 snRNA molecule.
regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U4 snRNA molecule.
negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U5 snRNA molecule.
negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U6 snRNA molecule.
positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD24 biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of CD24 biosynthesis
positive regulation of CD24 biosynthetic process
phosphatidylglycerol phospholipase C activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + glycerol 3-phosphate.
regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
phosphatidylcholine phospholipase C activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H+ + phosphocholine.
Clostridium oedematiens beta- and gamma-toxins activity
Clostridium welchii alpha-toxin activity
phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphohydrolase activity
phospholipase C, acting on phosphatidylcholine
positive regulation of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue.
positive regulation of antibody production in mucosal tissue
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin sulfate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD24 biosynthetic process.
chondroitin 2-O-sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 2'-O-sulfate. Results in sulfation of glucuronic acid and iduronic acid residues.
chondroitin 2-O-sulphotransferase activity
positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production.
positive regulation of Th1 cell cytokine production
heparan sulfate sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + sulfated heparan sulfate.
regulation of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue.
regulation of antibody production in mucosal tissue
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of raffinose, the trisaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production.
regulation of Th1 cell cytokine production
phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.
negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production.
negative regulation of Th1 cell cytokine production
The process in which a solute is transported from one side of the vacuolar membrane to the other.
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production.
negative regulation of Th2 cell cytokine production
vacuolar amino acid transmembrane transport
The process in which an amino acid is transported from one side of the vacuolar membrane to the other.
positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production.
positive regulation of Th2 cell cytokine production
basic amino acid transmembrane export from vacuole
The directed movement of basic amino acids out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.
negative regulation of B cell chemotaxis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell chemotaxis.
neutral amino acid transmembrane export from vacuole
The directed movement of neutral amino acids out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.
regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production.
regulation of Th2 cell cytokine production
basic amino acid transmembrane import into vacuole
The directed movement of basic amino acids into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
negative regulation of dendritic cell dendrite assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell dendrite assembly.
negative regulation of dendritic extension
neutral amino acid transmembrane import into vacuole
The directed movement of neutral amino acids into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
positive regulation of dendritic cell dendrite assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell dendrite assembly.
positive regulation of dendritic extension
The volume enclosed by the hydrogenosome membrane.
positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.
The volume enclosed by the melanosome membrane.
regulation of dendritic cell dendrite assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell dendrite assembly.
The volume enclosed by the microneme membrane.
regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.
The volume enclosed by the protein storage vacuole membrane.
negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.
multivesicular body membrane disassembly
The controlled breakdown of the membranes of multivesicular bodies.
regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development.
protein localization to phagophore assembly site
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the phagophore assembly site (PAS).
protein localisation to phagophore assembly site
protein localization to pre-autophagosomal structure
negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development.
The directed movement of substances from early endosomes to the Golgi.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary growth.
The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the Golgi.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secondary growth.
obsolete regulation of interphase of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interphase of mitotic cell cycle.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the kinetochore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary growth.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a specific location on a chromosome.
protein localization to nucleolar rDNA repeats
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the rDNA repeats on a chromosome in the nucleolus.
condensin localization to nucleolar rDNA repeats
protein localisation to nucleolar rDNA repeats
positive regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation.
positive regulation of actin filament branch nucleation
positive regulation of branched actin filament nucleation
A process in which a protein transports or maintains the localization of another protein to the nucleus.
The process in which calcium salts are deposited into calcareous tooth structures such as dental enamel, dentin and cementum.
The innermost portion of the centromeric region of a chromosome, encompassing the core region of a chromosome centromere and the proteins that bind to it.
negative regulation of optic nerve formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation.
negative regulation of CN II biosynthesis
positive regulation of optic nerve formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation.
positive regulation of CN II biosynthesis
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and centromeric DNA molecules to form a centromeric protein-DNA complex. Includes the formation of the chromatin structures which form a platform for the kinetochore, and assembly of the kinetochore onto this specialized chromatin. In fission yeast and higher eukaryotes this process also includes the formation of heterochromatin at the outer repeat (pericentric) regions of the centromere.
positive regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation.
positive regulation of metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation.
The cell cycle process in which centromeres are physically detached from each other during chromosome separation.
regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation.
regulation of metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell differentiation
negative regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation.
negative regulation of metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell differentiation
Binding to a box C/D small nucleolar RNA.
negative regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration.
negative regulation of metanephric mesenchyme chemotaxis
Binding to a box H/ACA small nucleolar RNA.
positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration.
positive regulation of metanephric mesenchyme chemotaxis
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the mitochondrial matrix; results in transcriptional upregulation of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial stress proteins.
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.
positive regulation of betaPDGF receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of PDGFR-beta signaling pathway
positive regulation of PDGF receptor-beta signaling pathway
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signalling pathway
An aggregation of proteasome core protease (CP) and regulatory particle (RP) complexes that localizes in the cytoplasm as dot-like structures when cells are in a quiescent state.
regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration.
regulation of metanephric mesenchyme chemotaxis
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B6 stimulus. Vitamin B6 encompasses pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.
regulation of betaPDGF receptor signaling pathway
regulation of PDGFR-beta signaling pathway
regulation of PDGF receptor-beta signaling pathway
regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signalling pathway
The selective autophagy process in which cells degrade mature ribosomes under conditions of starvation.
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.
negative regulation of betaPDGF receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of PDGFR-beta signaling pathway
negative regulation of PDGF receptor-beta signaling pathway
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signalling pathway
Any protein complex that binds to a specialized RNA cap structure at any time in the lifetime of the RNA.
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.
negative regulation of alphaPDGF receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of PDGFR-alpha signaling pathway
negative regulation of PDGF receptor-alpha signaling pathway
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signalling pathway
A protein complex found in the cytoplasm that binds the 5' cap structure of an mRNA, and typically consists of the cap-binding protein eIF4E, the adaptor protein eIF4G, and a multi-factor complex comprising eIF1, eIF2, eIF3 and eIF5. This complex mediates recruitment of the 40S subunit to mRNA.
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.
positive regulation of alphaPDGF receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of PDGFR-alpha signaling pathway
positive regulation of PDGF receptor-alpha signaling pathway
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signalling pathway
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 2-naphthoate + NADH + H+.
obsolete positive regulation of microtubule motor activity, plus-end-directed
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, plus-end-directed.
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-naphthoic acid + NADH + O2 + H+ = cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-8-carboxynaphthalene + NAD+.
regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.
regulation of alphaPDGF receptor signaling pathway
regulation of PDGFR-alpha signaling pathway
regulation of PDGF receptor-alpha signaling pathway
regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signalling pathway
cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-8-carboxynaphthalene dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-8-carboxynaphthalene = 1,2-dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
obsolete regulation of microtubule motor activity, plus-end-directed
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, plus-end-directed.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-formylsalicylic acid + O2 + H2O = 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid + hydrogen peroxide.
obsolete negative regulation of microtubule motor activity, plus-end-directed
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, plus-end-directed.
2-hydroxyisophthalate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid = salicylate + CO2.
obsolete negative regulation of microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed.
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 1-naphthoic acid + NADH + H+.
obsolete positive regulation of microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed.
2-methylnaphthalene hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylnaphthalene + NADH + O2 + H+ = 2-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + NAD+ + H2O.
obsolete positive regulation of microtubule motor activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule motor activity.
1,2-dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene + O2 = 2-carboxy-2-hydroxy-8-carboxychromene.
obsolete regulation of microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed.
2-carboxy-2-hydroxy-8-carboxychromene isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-carboxy-2-hydroxy-8-carboxychromene = 2-hydroxy-3-carboxybenzalpyruvate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway.
regulation of SREBP-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway
2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-benzalpyruvate hydratase-aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-carboxybenzalpyruvate + H2O = 3-formylsalicylic acid + pyruvate.
negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway.
negative regulation of SREBP-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway
4-hydroxymethylsalicyaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxymethylsalicylaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 4-hydroxymethylsalicylate + NADH + 2 H+.
positive regulation of primary miRNA processing
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of primary microRNA processing.
positive regulation of primary microRNA processing
positive regulation of pri-miRNA processing
2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenzalpyruvate hydratase-aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenzalpyruvate + H2O = pyruvate + 4-hydroxymethylsalicylaldehyde.
positive regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene silencing by a microRNA (miRNA).
positive regulation of gene silencing by microRNA
positive regulation of gene silencing by miRNA
positive regulation of microRNA-mediated gene silencing
2-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethylchromene-2-carboxylate isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethylchromene-2-carboxylate = 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenzalpyruvate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of primary microRNA processing.
regulation of primary microRNA processing
1,2-dihydroxy-7-hydroxymethylnaphthalene dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-7-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethylchromene-2-carboxylate.
negative regulation of primary miRNA processing
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of primary microRNA processing.
negative regulation of primary microRNA processing
negative regulation of pri-miRNA processing
1-methylnaphthalene hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-methylnaphthalene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + NAD+ + H2O.
negative regulation of pre-miRNA processing
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.
negative regulation of pre-microRNA processing
1,2-dihydroxy-8-methylnaphthalene dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-8-methylnaphthalene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-8-methylchromene-2-carboxylate + H+.
positive regulation of pre-miRNA processing
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.
positive regulation of pre-microRNA processing
2-hydroxy-8-methylchromene-2-carboxylate isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-8-methylchromene-2-carboxylate = 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzalpyruvate.
positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA metabolic process.
positive regulation of microRNA metabolic process
2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzalpyruvate hydratase-aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzalpyruvate + H2O = pyruvate + 3-methylsalicylaldehyde.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.
3-methylsalicylaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylsalicylaldehyde + NAD+ = 3-methylsalicylate + NADH + H+.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA metabolic process.
regulation of microRNA metabolic process
3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A + HBr.
negative regulation of miRNA metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA metabolic process.
negative regulation of microRNA metabolic process
3-monobromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-monobromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = bisphenol A + HBr.
negative regulation of miRNA catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA catabolic process.
negative regulation of microRNA catabolic process
dimethylarsinite methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylarsenous acid + R2S-CH3 = trimethylarsine oxide + R2SH.
positive regulation of miRNA catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA catabolic process.
positive regulation of microRNA catabolic process
Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylarsine oxide + 2 H+ + 2 e- = trimethylarsine + H2O.
positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay.
positive regulation of mRNA breakdown, nonsense-mediated decay
positive regulation of mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated
positive regulation of mRNA catabolism, nonsense-mediated
positive regulation of mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated decay
positive regulation of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
positive regulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminosalicylate + O2 = cis-4-amino-6-carboxy-2-oxo-hexa-3,5-dienoate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA catabolic process.
regulation of microRNA catabolic process
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-amino-6-carboxy-2-oxo-hexa-3,5-dienoate + H2O = fumarylpyruvate + NH3.
regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay.
regulation of mRNA breakdown, nonsense-mediated decay
regulation of mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated
regulation of mRNA catabolism, nonsense-mediated
regulation of mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated decay
regulation of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
regulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay
Catalysis of the reaction: fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H+.
negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay.
negative regulation of mRNA breakdown, nonsense-mediated decay
negative regulation of mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated
negative regulation of mRNA catabolism, nonsense-mediated
negative regulation of mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated decay
negative regulation of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
negative regulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay
2,4-dichloroaniline reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichloroaniline + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 4-chloroaniline + HCl.
positive regulation of histone H4-K16 acetylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H4-K16 acetylation.
positive regulation of histone H4 acetylation at K16
N-cyclopropylmelamine deaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cyromazine + H2O = N-cyclopropylammeline + NH3.
regulation of DNA replication termination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication termination.
N-cyclopropylammeline deaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclopropylammeline + H2O = N-cyclopropylammelide + NH3.
obsolete regulation of histone H4-K16 acetylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H4-K16 acetylation.
N-cyclopropylammelide alkylamino hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclopropylammelide + H2O = cyclopropylamine + cyanuric acid.
obsolete negative regulation of histone H4-K16 acetylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H4-K16 acetylation.
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylarsinate + 3 H+ + 2 e- = dimethylarsinous acid + H2O.
negative regulation of histone H3-K9 acetylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 acetylation.
negative regulation of histone H3 acetylation at K9
negative regulation of histone H3K9 acetylation
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex (also known as ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase), in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
mitochondrial cytochrome bc(1) complex assembly
positive regulation of histone H3-K9 acetylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 acetylation.
positive regulation of histone H3 acetylation at K9
positive regulation of histone H3K9 acetylation
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex II.
positive regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion.
positive regulation of thyroid stimulating hormone secretion
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex II, in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 acetylation.
regulation of histone H3 acetylation at K9
3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3,3'-dibromobisphenol A + HBr.
regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion.
regulation of thyroid stimulating hormone secretion
3,3'-dibromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3'-dibromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3-monobromobisphenol A + HBr.
negative regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion.
negative regulation of thyroid stimulating hormone secretion
Catalysis of the reaction: o-nitrobenzoate + NADPH + H+ = o-hydroxylaminobenzoate + NADP+.
negative regulation of thyroid hormone generation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation.
2-hydroxylaminobenzoate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxylaminobenzoate + NAD(P)H = anthranilate + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
o-hydroxylaminobenzoate nitroreductase activity
positive regulation of thyroid hormone generation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation.
Catalysis of the reaction: pertechnetate ion + 3/2 H2 = technetium (IV) oxide + H2O + OH-.
positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development.
Catalysis of the reaction: bisphenol A + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol + NAD+ + H2O.
regulation of thyroid hormone generation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation.
Catalysis of the reaction: bisphenol A + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol + NAD+ + H2O.
positive regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.
positive regulation of dendritic cell apoptosis
1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-proponol dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol = 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene + H2O.
regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.
2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol + NAD+ + H2O.
regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.
2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol + O2 = 4-hydroxyphenacyl alcohol + 4-hydroxybenzoate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
negative regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.
negative regulation of dendritic cell apoptosis
4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + 4-hydroxyacetophenone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
1-nitro-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-nitro-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine + 2 H2O = 1-nitro-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4-diol.
Catalysis of the reaction: chromate = chromium (III).
isoproturon dimethylaminedehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: isoproturon + H2O = formaldehyde + monodemethylisoproturon + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
monodemethylisoproturon dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: monodemethylisoproturon + H2O = hydroxymonodemethylisoproturon + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
hydroxymonomethylisoproturon dimethylaminedehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymonodemethylisoproturon + H2O = formaldehyde + 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylurea + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
negative regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway.
negative regulation of IL-1 alpha-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of IL-1 beta-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of IL-1-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signalling pathway
4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylurea amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylurea + H2O = 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylaniline + carbamic acid.
positive regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of IL-1 alpha-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of IL-1 beta-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of IL-1-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signalling pathway
monodemethylisoproturon dimethylaminedehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: monodemethylisoproturon + H2O = didemethylisoproturon + formaldehyde + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
positive regulation of apolipoprotein binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein binding.
didemethylisoproturon amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: didemethylisoproturon + H2O = carbamic acid + 4-isopropylaniline.
regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of IL-1 alpha-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of IL-1 beta-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of IL-1-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of interleukin-1 alpha-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of interleukin-1 beta-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signalling pathway
didemethylisoproturon dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: didemethylisoproturon + H2O = 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylurea + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein binding.
4-isopropylaniline dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-isopropylaniline + H2O = 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylaniline + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
negative regulation of apolipoprotein binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein binding.
N-isopropylacetanilide amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylacetanilide + OH- = N-isopropylaniline + acetate.
regulation of cellular response to testosterone stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to testosterone stimulus.
N-isopropylacetaniline monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylacetanilide + 1/2 O2 = acetanilide + acetone.
negative regulation of cellular response to testosterone stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to testosterone stimulus.
Catalysis of the reaction: limonene + H2O = alpha-terpineol.
regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell wall biogenesis.
regulation of cellulose and pectin-containing secondary cell wall biogenesis
regulation of plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis
regulation of secondary cell wall anabolism
regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthetic process
regulation of secondary cell wall formation
regulation of secondary cell wall synthesis
(1-methylpentyl)succinate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + n-hexane = (1-methylpentyl)succinate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of genetic imprinting.
4-methyloctanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyloctanoyl-CoA = 4-methyloct-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
negative regulation of sodium transporter activity
4-methyloct-2-enoyl-CoA hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyloct-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-CoA.
positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
positive regulation of sodium transporter activity
3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-CoA = 4-methyl-3-oxooctanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
positive regulation of stem cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation.
Binding to a 21U-RNA, a 21-nucleotide RNA characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.
regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
regulation of sodium transporter activity
Binding to a piRNA, a Piwi-associated RNA, a 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
positive regulation of receptor catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor catabolic process.
positive regulation of receptor breakdown
positive regulation of receptor catabolism
positive regulation of receptor degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 21U-RNAs, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21 nucleotides in length characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.
negative regulation of stem cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 21U-RNAs, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21 nucleotides in length characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.
regulation of receptor catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor catabolic process.
A process leading to the generation of a functional piRNA. piRNAs (Piwi-associated RNAs) are a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNAs derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
Piwi-associated RNA biosynthetic process
negative regulation of receptor catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor catabolic process.
negative regulation of receptor breakdown
negative regulation of receptor catabolism
negative regulation of receptor degradation
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of piRNAs, Piwi-associated RNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
negative regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport.
The directed movement of hydroxyproline into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport.
L-hydroxyproline transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-hydroxyproline from one side of a membrane to the other.
4-hydroxyproline transmembrane transporter activity
positive regulation of SREBP signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway.
positive regulation of SREBP-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway
The volume enclosed by the rhoptry membrane.
regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport.
The volume enclosed by the synaptic vesicle membrane.
regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.
regulation of FGF receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
regulation of FGF receptor signalling pathway of ureteric bud formation
regulation of FGFR signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway of ureteric bud formation
phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol phosphate + phosphate.
phosphatidyl-inositol-bisphosphate phosphatase activity
negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.
negative regulation of FGF receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
negative regulation of FGF receptor signalling pathway of ureteric bud formation
negative regulation of FGFR signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway of ureteric bud formation
phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate + phosphate.
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation.
positive regulation of cardiac myoblast differentiation
positive regulation of myocardial precursor cell differentiation
phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the removal of the 5-phosphate group of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.
polyphosphoinositol lipid 5-phosphatase activity
glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct.
GDNF receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
glial cell derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway of ureteric bud formation
glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway of ureteric bud formation
phosphatidylinositol phosphate 4-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the removal of the 4-phosphate group of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.
positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development.
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate.
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphohydrolase activity
phosphatidyl-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphohydrolase activity
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct.
FGF receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
FGF receptor signalling pathway of ureteric bud formation
FGFR signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway of ureteric bud formation
Catalysis of the removal of the phosphate group from phosphothreonine by cleavage of the C-OP bond with the concomitant abstraction of the alpha proton, generating a double bond-containing product.
regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development.
regulation of phragmoplast microtubule organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phragmoplast microtubule organization.
regulation of phragmoplast microtubule cytoskeleton organization
regulation of phragmoplast microtubule organisation
oxoglutarate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD(P)+ = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NAD(P)H.
oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD+ = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.
pyruvate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NAD(P)+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NAD(P)H.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation.
regulation of cardiac myoblast differentiation
regulation of myocardial precursor cell differentiation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation.
negative regulation of cardiac myoblast differentiation
negative regulation of myocardial precursor cell differentiation
The response by the male to a hermaphrodite after initial contact following mate finding. The male stops forward locomotion, presses the ventral side of his tail against his partner's body, and begins moving backward along the hermaphrodite. Male response behavior is initiated when sensory neurons located in the rays of his tail contact a potential mate.
obsolete positive regulation of rubidium ion transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rubidium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
The sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.
actomyosin contractile ring assembly actin filament organization
An actin filament organization process that contributes to actomyosin contractile ring assembly during cytokinesis.
actin filament organisation of constriction ring assembly
actin filament organisation of contractile ring assembly
actin filament organisation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly
actin filament organisation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring formation
actin filament organisation of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring biosynthesis
actin filament organisation of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring formation
actin filament organisation of cytokinesis, contractile ring assembly
actin filament organization involved in cytokinetic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
actin filament organization of constriction ring assembly
actin filament organization of contractile ring assembly
actin filament organization of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly
actin filament organization of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring formation
actin filament organization of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring biosynthesis
actin filament organization of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring formation
actin filament organization of cytokinesis, contractile ring assembly
regulation of actin filament localization of constriction ring assembly
regulation of actin filament localization of contractile ring assembly
regulation of actin filament localization of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly
regulation of actin filament localization of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring formation
regulation of actin filament localization of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring biosynthesis
regulation of actin filament localization of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring formation
regulation of actin filament localization of cytokinesis, contractile ring assembly
Location, by the male, of his partner's vulva when backing along the ventral side of the hermaphrodite during mating. The male stops at the vulva, coordinates his movements to the hermaphrodite's, and positions his tail precisely over the vulva so that he may insert his spicules and ejaculate.
obsolete regulation of rubidium ion transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rubidium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
Insertion of the male copulatory spicules into the hermaphrodite. Spicule insertion behavior initiates when the male cloaca contacts the vulva. During most mating encounters, the spicule tips will prod the vulva continuously until they partially penetrate, which then causes the protractors to contract completely so that the spicules extend through the vulva.
obsolete negative regulation of rubidium ion transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rubidium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of oligodeoxyribonucleotides to yield deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphates.
negative regulation of cellular response to X-ray
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.
negative regulation of cellular response to X-ray radiation stimulus
Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of oligoribonucleotides to yield ribonucleoside 5'-phosphates.
positive regulation of cellular response to X-ray
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.
positive regulation of cellular response to X-ray radiation stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.
obsolete positive regulation of rubidium ion transport
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rubidium ion transport.
regulation of cellular response to X-ray
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.
regulation of cellular response to X-ray radiation stimulus
cellular response to reactive oxygen species
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.
cellular response to active oxygen species
cellular response to reactive oxidative species
cellular response to reactive oxygen intermediate
obsolete regulation of rubidium ion transport
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rubidium ion transport.
A protein complex that possesses GTP cyclohydrolase I activity. In E. coli and human, the complex is a homodecamer, and monomers are catalytically inactive.
obsolete negative regulation of rubidium ion transport
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rubidium ion transport.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers. As an example, laminar shear stress can be seen where blood flows against the luminal side of blood vessel walls.
negative regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.
Binding to a tetrahydrobiopterin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin or a derivative thereof; tetrahydrobiopterins are enzyme cofactors that carry electrons in redox reactions.
positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.
Binding to 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.
positive regulation of pancreatic B cell apoptosis
positive regulation of pancreatic beta cell apoptosis
positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptosis
regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus.
regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.
regulation of pancreatic B cell apoptosis
regulation of pancreatic beta cell apoptosis
regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptosis
negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.
negative regulation of pancreatic B cell apoptosis
negative regulation of pancreatic beta cell apoptosis
negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptosis
negative regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.
negative regulation of motoneuron apoptosis
negative regulation of motor neuron apoptosis
positive regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.
positive regulation of motoneuron apoptosis
positive regulation of motor neuron apoptosis
obsolete DNA recombinase assembly involved in gene conversion at mating-type locus
OBSOLETE. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA, involved in the conversion of the mating-type locus from one allele to another.
negative regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.
negative regulation of GDNF receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
negative regulation of glial cell derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
negative regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
negative regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway of ureteric bud formation
negative regulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway of ureteric bud formation
fatty acid elongation, monounsaturated fatty acid
Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which one C-C double bond has been introduced.
positive regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.
positive regulation of GDNF receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
positive regulation of glial cell derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
positive regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
positive regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway of ureteric bud formation
positive regulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway of ureteric bud formation
fatty acid elongation, polyunsaturated fatty acid
Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which two or more C-C double bonds have been introduced.
positive regulation of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription.
positive regulation of RNA polymerase I transcription termination
positive regulation of transcription termination from Pol I promoter
positive regulation of transcription termination from RNA polymerase I promoter
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of tryptophan or aspartate from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.
regulation of GDNF receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
regulation of glial cell derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway of ureteric bud formation
regulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway of ureteric bud formation
'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from aspartate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of aspartate from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
de novo NAD biosynthetic process from aspartate
nicotinamide nucleotide anabolism from aspartate
nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process from aspartate
nicotinamide nucleotide formation from aspartate
nicotinamide nucleotide synthesis from aspartate
regulation of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription.
regulation of RNA polymerase I transcription termination
regulation of transcription termination from Pol I promoter
regulation of transcription termination from RNA polymerase I promoter
negative regulation of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription.
negative regulation of RNA polymerase I transcription termination
negative regulation of transcription termination from Pol I promoter
negative regulation of transcription termination from RNA polymerase I promoter
Any process in which a RITS complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of RITS complex localization
regulation of mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress.
regulation of mRNA export from cell nucleus during heat stress
regulation of mRNA export from nucleus during heat stress
microtubule anchoring at spindle pole body
Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a spindle pole body. Microtubules attach to spindle pole bodies at the minus end.
attachment of spindle microtubules to SPB
attachment of spindle microtubules to spindle pole body
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development.
positive regulation of ureteral mesenchymal cell proliferation
positive regulation of ureter mesenchymal cell proliferation
retinol transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of retinol from one side of a membrane to the other. Retinol is vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.
negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.
negative regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation
negative regulation of heart muscle cell differentiation
The directed movement of retinol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Retinol is vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.
positive regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation
positive regulation of heart muscle cell differentiation
glutathione transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, from one side of a membrane to the other.
positive regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.
positive regulation of heart vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
The directed movement of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.
regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation
regulation of heart muscle cell differentiation
regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.
regulation of heart vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
obsolete cellular carbohydrate biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, carried out by individual cells.
negative regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.
negative regulation of heart vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region.
positive regulation of maintenance of centromeric mitotic sister chromatin cohesion
positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion at centromere
positive regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at centromere at mitosis
L-amino acid efflux transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of an L-amino acid from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
L-amino acid export transporter activity
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation
OBSOLETE. Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation.
establishment of mitochondrion localization by microtubule attachment
The directed movement of a mitochondrion by attachment to a microtubule, followed by elongation of the microtubule by tubulin polymerization.
establishment of mitochondrion localisation by microtubule attachment
mitochondrial localization by microtubule attachment
mitochondrial migration by microtubule attachment
mitochondrion migration by microtubule attachment
regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region.
regulation of maintenance of centromeric mitotic sister chromatin cohesion
regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion at centromere
regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at centromere at mitosis
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region.
negative regulation of maintenance of centromeric mitotic sister chromatin cohesion
negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion at centromere
negative regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at centromere at mitosis
mitochondrion migration along actin filament
The directed movement of a mitochondrion along a microfilament, mediated by motor proteins.
mitochondrial migration along actin filament
mitochondrial migration along microfilament
mitochondrion migration along microfilament
mitochondrion transport along actin filament
negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion along the chromosome arms.
negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion along arms
negative regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion along arms at mitosis
establishment of mitochondrion localization, microtubule-mediated
The directed movement of the mitochondrion to a specific location, by a process involving microtubules.
establishment of mitochondrion localisation, microtubule-mediated
microtubule-mediated mitochondrion localization
mitochondrial localization, microtubule-mediated
positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion along the chromosome arms.
positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion along arms
positive regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion along arms at mitosis
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.
cellular response to ultraviolet light stimulus
cellular response to ultraviolet radiation stimulus
cellular response to UV radiation stimulus
positive regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion along the chromosome arms.
positive regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatin cohesion along arms
positive regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion along arms at meiosis I
obsolete cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, carried out by individual cells.
regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion along the chromosome arms.
regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion along arms
regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion along arms at mitosis
A lipid monolayer that surrounds and encloses an organelle.
regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion along the chromosome arms.
regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatin cohesion along arms
regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion along arms at meiosis I
histone H3K4me/H3K4me2/H3K4me3 demethylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri, a di or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 4 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.
histone demethylase activity (H3-K4-me3 specific)
histone demethylase activity (H3-trimethyl-K4 specific)
histone H3-tri/di/monomethyl-lysine-4 demethylase activity
negative regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion along the chromosome arms.
negative regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatin cohesion along arms
negative regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion along arms at meiosis I
obsolete histone demethylase activity (H3-dimethyl-K4 specific)
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from dimethylated lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.
negative regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region.
negative regulation of maintenance of centromeric meiotic sister chromatin cohesion
negative regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatin cohesion at centromere
negative regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at centromere at meiosis I
obsolete histone demethylase activity (H3-monomethyl-K4 specific)
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from monomethylated lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.
positive regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region.
positive regulation of maintenance of centromeric meiotic sister chromatin cohesion
positive regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatin cohesion at centromere
positive regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at centromere at meiosis I
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cortisol, the steroid hormone 11-beta-17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. Cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol in the adrenal gland and controls carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cortisol, the steroid hormone 11-beta-17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. Cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol in the adrenal gland and controls carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties.
regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region.
regulation of maintenance of centromeric meiotic sister chromatin cohesion
regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatin cohesion at centromere
regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at centromere at meiosis I
obsolete extrachromosomal circular DNA localization involved in cell aging
OBSOLETE. A process in which extrachromosomal circular DNA molecules are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in cells contributing to their aging.
negative regulation of dense core granule biogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.
positive regulation of dense core granule biogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis.
nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid anabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthesis
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid formation
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis
positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.
positive regulation of FGF receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
positive regulation of FGF receptor signalling pathway of ureteric bud formation
positive regulation of FGFR signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway of ureteric bud formation
positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway of ureteric bud formation
nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid breakdown
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolic process
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid degradation
regulation of dense core granule biogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis.
nucleobase-containing small molecule catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide breakdown
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide catabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide degradation
negative regulation of cytoplasmic translation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation.
A protein complex with ubiquitin ligase activity that is involved in proteasomal degradation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase during the transition from gluconeogenic to glycolytic growth conditions. In S. cerevisiae, the GID (Glucose Induced degradation Deficient) complex consists of Vid30p, Rmd5p, Vid24p, Vid28p, Gid7p, Gid8p, and Fyv10p.
positive regulation of cytoplasmic translation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation.
isopropylmalate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of isopropylmalate from one side of a membrane to the other.
positive regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
positive regulation of semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
The directed movement of isopropylmalate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs).
regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phenylpropanoid metabolic process.
regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs). Includes the breakdown of cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs).
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in norepinephrine biosynthetic process
Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in norepinephrine biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in levarterenol biosynthesis
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in levarterenol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in noradrenaline biosynthesis
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in noradrenaline biosynthetic process
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in norepinephrine anabolism
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in norepinephrine biosynthesis
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in norepinephrine biosynthetic process
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in norepinephrine formation
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in norepinephrine synthesis
A protein complex that contains ezrin, Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF, also called EBP50), and two copies of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The CFTR molecules interact with NHERF via their cytoplasmic tail domains; the complex is thought to link the CFTR channel to the actin cytoskeleton and contribute to the regulation of channel activity.
negative regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation.
A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and is composed of chaperone proteins, including BiP, GRP94; CaBP1, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERdj3, cyclophilin B, ERp72, GRP170, UDP-glucosyltransferase, and SDF2-L1.
positive regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation.
Ig heavy chain-bound endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex
A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is formed by the association of an immunoglobulin heavy chain with the proteins of the ER chaperone complex; the latter include BiP, GRP94; CaBP1, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERdj3, cyclophilin B, ERp72, GRP170, UDP-glucosyltransferase, and SDF2-L1.
Ig heavy chain-bound ER chaperone complex
immunoglobulin heavy chain-bound endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex
positive regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation.
An integrin complex that comprises one alpha1 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation.
An integrin complex that comprises one alpha2 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation.
An integrin complex that comprises one alpha3 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
negative regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation.
An integrin complex that comprises one alpha4 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
regulation of sphingomyelin catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sphingomyelin catabolic process.
An integrin complex that comprises one alpha4 subunit and one beta7 subunit.
positive regulation of sphingomyelin catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sphingomyelin catabolic process.
positive regulation of sphingomyelin breakdown
positive regulation of sphingomyelin catabolism
positive regulation of sphingomyelin degradation
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of arachidonic acid.
regulation of glucosylceramide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramide catabolic process.
regulation of glucosylceramide breakdown
regulation of glucosylceramide catabolism
regulation of glucosylceramide degradation
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in pronephros anterior/posterior pattern specification
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the pronephros.
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in pronephric kidney anterior/posterior pattern specification
retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway involved in pronephros anterior-posterior patterning
positive regulation of glucosylceramide catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramide catabolic process.
positive regulation of glucosylceramide breakdown
positive regulation of glucosylceramide catabolism
positive regulation of glucosylceramide degradation
anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in pronephros development
The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the pronephros along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in pronephric kidney development
negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.
A protein complex that consists of inhibin, type III transforming growth factor beta receptor (also known as betaglycan), and the type II activin receptor ActRII. The complex is thought to negatively regulate the activity of activin B.
obsolete histone H3-T3 phosphorylation involved in chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochore
OBSOLETE. Any histone H3-T3 phosphorylation that is involved in chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochore.
An integrin complex that comprises one alpha5 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
positive regulation of defecation rhythm
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm.
positive regulation of defecation behavior
positive regulation of defecation motor program
An integrin complex that comprises one alpha6 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
positive regulation of rDNA heterochromatin formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rDNA heterochromatin formation.
positive regulation of chromatin silencing at rDNA
positive regulation of chromatin silencing at ribosomal DNA
positive regulation of heterochromatic silencing at rDNA
positive regulation of rDNA chromatin silencing
positive regulation of rDNA heterochromatin assembly
positive regulation of ribosomal DNA heterochromatin assembly
An integrin complex that comprises one alpha6 subunit and one beta4 subunit.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm.
An integrin complex that comprises one alpha7 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
negative regulation of defecation rhythm
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm.
negative regulation of defecation behavior
negative regulation of defecation motor program
An integrin complex that comprises one alpha8 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
positive regulation of anterior head development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.
An integrin complex that comprises one alpha9 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation
OBSOLETE. Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter that is involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation.
An integrin complex that comprises one alpha10 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.
An integrin complex that comprises one alpha11 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
negative regulation of anterior head development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.
An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta1 subunit.
negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.
An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta3 subunit.
positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.
An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta5 subunit.
positive regulation of stem cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation.
An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta6 subunit.
regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.
An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta8 subunit.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation.
An integrin complex that comprises one alphaL subunit and one beta2 subunit.
negative regulation of stem cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation.
An integrin complex that comprises one alphaM subunit and one beta2 subunit.
negative regulation of amniotic stem cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amniotic stem cell differentiation.
An integrin complex that comprises one alphaX subunit and one beta2 subunit.
positive regulation of amniotic stem cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amniotic stem cell differentiation.
An integrin complex that comprises one alphaD subunit and one beta2 subunit.
Notch signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment
Any Notch signaling pathway that is involved in negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.
Notch receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment
Notch-receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment
Notch receptor signalling pathway involved in negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment
Notch-receptor signalling pathway involved in negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment
Notch signalling pathway involved in negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment
N signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment
An integrin complex that comprises one alphaE subunit and one beta7 subunit.
regulation of amniotic stem cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amniotic stem cell differentiation.
A protein complex that comprises three core spliceosomal proteins, designated E, F, and G. Formation of the E.F.G complex is essential but not sufficient for the formation of a stable U1 snRNP complex.
regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that is formed by the association of the U11 and U12 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.
negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.
cell proliferation involved in heart valve development
Any cell proliferation that is involved in heart valve development.
cell proliferation of cardiac valve development
cell proliferation of heart valve development
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin F stimulus.
regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin I stimulus.
negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus.
negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus.
response to luteinizing hormone stimulus
positive regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.
allulose 6-phosphate 3-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-allulose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.
positive regulation of autophagosome assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic vacuole assembly.
positive regulation of autophagic vacuole assembly
positive regulation of autophagic vacuole formation
positive regulation of autophagosome biosynthesis
positive regulation of autophagosome formation
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a tripeptide.
regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.
A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective monoatomic ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.
positive regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.
An ion channel complex through which cations pass.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome assembly.
regulation of autophagic vacuole assembly
regulation of autophagic vacuole formation
regulation of autophagosome biosynthesis
An ion channel complex through which calcium ions pass.
regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.
An ion channel complex through which potassium ions pass.
negative regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.
An ion channel complex through which sodium ions pass.
negative regulation of double-strand break repair
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair.
An ion channel complex through which chloride ions pass.
positive regulation of double-strand break repair
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair.
A protein complex that possesses methyltransferase activity.
A large (20 S) protein complex that possesses protein arginine methyltransferase activity and modifies specific arginines to dimethylarginines in the arginine- and glycine-rich domains of several spliceosomal Sm proteins, thereby targeting these proteins to the survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex for assembly into small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) core particles. Proteins found in the methylosome include the methyltransferase JBP1 (PRMT5), pICln (CLNS1A), MEP50 (WDR77), and unmethylated forms of SM proteins that have RG domains.
regulation of double-strand break repair
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair.
Binding to an inhibin complex, a dimer of one inhibin-alpha subunit and one inhibin-beta subunit.
obsolete histone H4 acetylation involved in response to DNA damage stimulus
OBSOLETE. Any histone H4 acetylation that is involved in a response to DNA damage stimulus.
Binding to an inhibin monomer, any of the polypeptides that combine to form activin and inhibin dimers.
positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process involved in cellular response to hypoxia
Any positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process that is involved in a cellular response to hypoxia.
positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process involved in cellular response to hypoxic stress
positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process involved in cellular response to lowered oxygen tension
positive regulation of cellular senescence
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.
type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
Binding to a type I transforming growth factor beta receptor.
transforming growth factor beta receptor type I binding
obsolete histone H3-S10 phosphorylation involved in chromosome condensation
OBSOLETE. Any histone H3-S10 phosphorylation that is involved in chromosome condensation.
type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
Binding to a type III transforming growth factor beta receptor.
transforming growth factor beta ligand binding to type III receptor
transforming growth factor beta receptor type III binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.
A protein complex that contains pICln (CLNS1A) and several Sm proteins, including SmD1, SmD2, SmE, SmF, and SmG.
negative regulation of cellular senescence
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.
A protein complex that contains Gemin3 (DDX20), Gemin4, and Gemin5, and can bind to snRNAs; may be an intermediate in SMN complex assembly.
negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape.
A protein complex that contains Gemin6, Gemin7, and unrip (STRAP), and can bind to snRNAs; may play a role in snRNP assembly.
positive regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape.
A protein complex that contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and Gemin2; may form the stable core of the larger SMN complex.
positive regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
A protein complex formed by the association of several methylated Sm proteins with the SMN complex; the latter contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and at least eight additional integral components, including the Gemin2-8 and unrip proteins; additional proteins, including galectin-1 and galectin-3, are also found in the SMN-SM complex. The SMN-Sm complex is involved in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm.
regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape.
The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone.
positive regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion.
positive regulation of parathormone secretion
positive regulation of parathyrin secretion
histone H3-K4 demethylation, trimethyl-H3-K4-specific
The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from a trimetylated lysine at position 4 of the histone.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion.
Catalysis of the cleavage of a gamma-linked glutamate bond.
regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion.
negative regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion.
negative regulation of parathormone secretion
negative regulation of parathyrin secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart morphogenesis.
obsolete DNA replication-dependent nucleosome disassembly
OBSOLETE. The controlled breakdown of nucleosomes on newly replicated DNA, coupled to strand elongation.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs that takes place in the mitochondrion.
aberrant RNA catabolic process in mitochondria
aberrant RNA catabolic process in mitochondrion
obsolete DNA replication-independent nucleosome disassembly
OBSOLETE. The controlled disassembly of chromatin outside the context of DNA replication.
Degradation of a cell nucleus by lysosomal microautophagy.
positive regulation of androgen receptor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androgen receptor activity.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of one or more nucleosomes.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavioral fear response.
The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 79 of the histone.
An SMN-Sm protein complex formed by the association of the methylated Sm proteins B/B', D1, D2, D3, E, F, and G with the SMN complex.
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation.
downregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in nonstriated muscle cell differentiation
down regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in nonstriated muscle cell differentiation
down-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in nonstriated muscle cell differentiation
downregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation
down regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation
down-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation
downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in nonstriated muscle cell differentiation
down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in nonstriated muscle cell differentiation
down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in nonstriated muscle cell differentiation
downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation
down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation
down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation
inhibition of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in nonstriated muscle cell differentiation
inhibition of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation
inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in nonstriated muscle cell differentiation
inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation
negative regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in nonstriated muscle cell differentiation
negative regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation
negative regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in nonstriated muscle cell differentiation
negative regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation
negative regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in nonstriated muscle cell differentiation
negative regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global involved in nonstriated muscle cell differentiation
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in nonstriated muscle cell differentiation
An SMN-Sm protein complex formed by the association of the methylated Sm proteins B/B', D3, E, F, and G, and Lsm10 and Lsm11, with the SMN complex. This complex forms Sm cores on U7 snRNA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of grooming behavior.
transcription factor TFIIIB-alpha complex
A transcription factor TFIIIB-beta complex that contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP), B'' and a specialized homolog of the conserved subunit BRF referred to as BRFU or TFIIIB50, which found in human but not conserved in yeast; the complex is involved in the regulation of transcription from type 3 (upstream) RNA polymerase III promoters.
negative regulation of myoblast proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.
transcription factor TFIIIB-beta complex
A transcription factor TFIIIB-beta complex that contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP), B'' and BRF, and is involved in the regulation of transcription from type 2 RNA polymerase III promoters.
regulation of nucleotide-excision repair
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleotide-excision repair.
regulation of interstrand crosslink repair
regulation of intrastrand cross-link repair
regulation of pyrimidine-dimer repair, DNA damage excision
A transcription factor complex that forms part of the TFIIIC complex, observed in human. The complex is poorly characterized, but contains the 250-kDa form of HsBdp1, and is thought to include nuclear factor 1 (NF1). It stimulates binding by human TFIIIC2 and is required for transcription activity.
negative regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation.
negative regulation of chromosome separation during mitosis
negative regulation of mitotic chromosome separation
negative regulation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution
negative regulation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis
A transcription factor complex that forms part of the TFIIIC complex, observed in human; composed of five subunits (GTF3C1/hTFIIIC220/TFIIICalpha, GTF3C2/hTFIIIC110/TFIIICbeta, GTF3C3/hTFIIIC102/TFIIICgamma, GTF3C4/hTFIIIC90/TFIIICdelta and GTF3C5/hTFIIIC63/TFIIICepsilon in human) that together recognize the type 2 RNA polymerase III promoter.
obsolete regulation of histone H3-T3 phosphorylation involved in chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochore
OBSOLETE. Any regulation of histone H3-T3 phosphorylation that is involved in chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochore.
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA.
acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activity
acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase activity
acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol O-acyltransferase activity
acyl coenzyme A-cholesterol-O-acyltransferase activity
positive regulation of barbed-end actin filament capping
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of barbed-end actin filament capping.
positive regulation of barbed-end actin capping activity
positive regulation of barbed-end F-actin capping activity
positive regulation of plus-end actin filament capping activity
positive regulation of plus-end F-actin capping activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + ergosterol = CoA + ergosterol ester.
regulation of mRNA stability involved in response to oxidative stress
A process of regulation of mRNA stability that is involved in a response to oxidative stress.
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + lanosterol = CoA + lanosterol ester.
regulation of barbed-end actin filament capping
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of barbed-end actin filament capping.
regulation of barbed-end actin capping activity
regulation of barbed-end F-actin capping activity
regulation of plus-end actin filament capping activity
regulation of plus-end F-actin capping activity
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone H4 protein.
histone deacetylase activity (H4-K16 specific)
negative regulation of barbed-end actin filament capping
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of barbed-end actin filament capping.
negative regulation of barbed-end actin capping activity
negative regulation of barbed-end F-actin capping activity
negative regulation of plus-end actin filament capping activity
negative regulation of plus-end F-actin capping activity
A protein complex that contains TFIIIC, topoisomerase 1, and Sub1/PC4. Characterized in human, the complex is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. Topoisomerase 1 and Sub1 enhance the accuracy of transcription termination, and promote reinitiation by Pol III.
regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly.
A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), alpha-tubulin, gamma-tubulin, and the Rac1 and Cdc42 effector IQGAP1; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.
negative regulation of detachment induced cell death
negative regulation of suspension induced apoptosis
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.
A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and the Rac1 and Cdc42 effector IQGAP1; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell migration.
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.
A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the small GTPase Cdc42, and the Rac1 and Cdc42 effector IQGAP1; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell migration.
positive regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled.
positive regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, polyadenylation-coupled
positive regulation of transcription termination from Pol II promoter, poly(A) coupled
positive regulation of transcription termination from Pol II promoter, RNA polymerase(A) coupled
A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the small GTPase Rac1, and the Rac1 and Cdc42 effector IQGAP1; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell migration.
regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.
A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the small GTPase Cdc42, and CLIP-170; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell migration.
regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled.
regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, polyadenylation-coupled
regulation of transcription termination from Pol II promoter, poly(A) coupled
regulation of transcription termination from Pol II promoter, RNA polymerase(A) coupled
negative regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled.
negative regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, polyadenylation-coupled
negative regulation of transcription termination from Pol II promoter, poly(A) coupled
negative regulation of transcription termination from Pol II promoter, RNA polymerase(A) coupled
A protein complex that contains Par3, the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and the kinesin-related protein KIF3A; involved in establishing neuronal cell polarity.
positive regulation of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation.
positive regulation of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in valve formation
A protein complex that contains the Scribble protein (a cell polarity determinant) and the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC); may be involved in the control of cell proliferation.
The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components located at the endosome. Endosomes can provide important intracellular signaling platforms and provide spatial and temporal control over signal transduction.
A protein complex that contains the Scribble protein (a cell polarity determinant), the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and beta-catenin; may be involved in the control of cell proliferation.
regulation of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation.
regulation of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in valve formation
A protein complex that acts as an aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. Cytosolic and nuclear Ah receptor complexes have different subunit composition, but both contain the ligand-binding subunit AhR.
negative regulation of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation.
negative regulation of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in valve formation
cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex
An aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex found in the cytosol, in which the ligand-binding subunit AhR is not bound to ligand; consists of AhR, two molecules of HSP90, the protein kinase c-Src, and the immunophilin XAP2/AIP.
9S-cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor non-ligand activated complex
negative regulation of estrogen secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen secretion.
negative regulation of oestrogen secretion
nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex
An aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) complex found in the nucleus; ; consists of ligand-bound AhR and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT).
6S-nuclear aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor ligand-activated complex
positive regulation of estrogen secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen secretion.
positive regulation of oestrogen secretion
positive regulation of aldosterone secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion.
A process in which an iron ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
high affinity ferrous ion transmembrane transport
high-affinity ferrous ion transmembrane transport
high-affinity iron ion transmembrane transport
low-affinity iron ion transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen secretion.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions (Fe) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion.
negative regulation of iron ion transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of aldosterone secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion.
positive regulation of iron ion transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion.
regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions (Fe) from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of iron ion membrane transport
regulation of transmembrane Fe transport
regulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
regulation of transmembrane iron transport
positive regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion.
negative regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
downregulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
down regulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
down-regulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
inhibition of transmembrane iron ion transport
negative regulation of iron ion membrane transport
negative regulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
negative regulation of transmembrane iron transport
positive regulation of corticosterone secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion.
positive regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
activation of transmembrane iron ion transport
positive regulation of iron ion membrane transport
positive regulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
positive regulation of transmembrane iron transport
stimulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
upregulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
up regulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
up-regulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion.
negative regulation of transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.
downregulation of transmembrane transport
down regulation of transmembrane transport
down-regulation of transmembrane transport
negative regulation of membrane transport
negative regulation of corticosterone secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion.
positive regulation of transmembrane transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.
positive regulation of membrane transport
up regulation of transmembrane transport
up-regulation of transmembrane transport
negative regulation of glucocorticoid secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion.
regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
regulation of ion transmembrane transport
regulation of transmembrane ion transport
positive regulation of glucocorticoid secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion.
negative regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
downregulation of transmembrane ion transport
down regulation of transmembrane ion transport
down-regulation of transmembrane ion transport
inhibition of transmembrane ion transport
negative regulation of ion membrane transport
negative regulation of ion transmembrane transport
negative regulation of transmembrane ion transport
positive regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion.
positive regulation of corticosteroid secretion
positive regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
activation of transmembrane ion transport
positive regulation of ion membrane transport
positive regulation of ion transmembrane transport
positive regulation of transmembrane ion transport
stimulation of transmembrane ion transport
upregulation of transmembrane ion transport
up regulation of transmembrane ion transport
up-regulation of transmembrane ion transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion.
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (E)-beta-ocimene + diphosphate.
regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion.
The controlled breakdown of the basement membrane in the context of a normal process such as imaginal disc eversion.
negative regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion.
negative regulation of corticosteroid secretion
The modification of histone H4 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 20 of the histone.
negative regulation of testosterone secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone secretion.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H4 by addition of one methyl group to lysine at position 20 of the histone.
positive regulation of testosterone secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone secretion.
The modification of histone H4 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 20 of the histone.
positive regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.
positive regulation of 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one secretion
positive regulation of dehydroisoandrosterone secretion
The modification of histone H4 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 20 of the histone.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone secretion.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of a secretory granule.
regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.
regulation of 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one secretion
regulation of dehydroisoandrosterone secretion
A process in which glutathione is transported across a membrane.
negative regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.
negative regulation of 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one secretion
negative regulation of dehydroisoandrosterone secretion
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histamine stimulus. Histamine, the biogenic amine 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine, is involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.
negative regulation of androstenedione secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androstenedione secretion.
negative regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione secretion
The volume enclosed by the membranes of a recycling endosome.
positive regulation of androstenedione secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androstenedione secretion.
positive regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione secretion
2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 4-isopropenyl-2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
positive regulation of androgen secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.
4-isopropenyl-2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-isopropenyl-2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 3-isopropenylpimelyl-CoA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androstenedione secretion.
regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione secretion
Catalysis of the reaction: glyphosate + OH- = glyoxylate + aminomethylphosphonic acid + H+ + 2 e-.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.
N-cyclohexylformamide amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclohexylformamide + OH- = cyclohexylamine + formate.
negative regulation of androgen secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylmalonate + H+ = isobutyrate + CO2.
negative regulation of steroid hormone secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion.
Catalysis of the reaction: pivalate + H+ + HSCoA + ATP = pivalyl-CoA + PPi + AMP.
positive regulation of steroid hormone secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion.
Catalysis of the reaction: pivalyl-CoA = 3-methylbutyryl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cellotriose.
Catalysis of the reaction: salicylate + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = gentisate + H2O + NAD(P)+.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a hemicellulose.
Catalysis of the reaction: 9-fluorenone + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-hydro-1,1a-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cellobiose.
1-hydro-1,1a-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydro-1,1a-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone + H2O = 2,3-dihydroxy-2'-carboxybiphenyl + 3 H+ + 2 e-.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cellotriose.
2,3-dihydroxy-2'-carboxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy-2'-carboxybiphenyl + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-carboxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H+.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cellodextrin.
2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-carboxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-carboxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + phthalate + H+.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cellobiose.
3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrofluorene dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-(3S,4R)-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrofluorene = 3,4-dihydroxyfluorene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an arabinoxylan.
Catalysis of the reaction: isobutylamine + NADPH + O2 = isobutylhydroxylamine + NADP+ + H2O.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cellodextrin.
Catalysis of the reaction: hypophosphite + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = succinate + phosphite + CO2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucuronoxylan.
cyclopropanecarboxylate-CoA ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopropanecarboxylate + CoASH = cyclopropanecarboxyl-CoA + OH-.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucuronoarabinoxylan.
cyclopropanecarboxyl-CoA decyclase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopropanecarboxyl-CoA = crotonoyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucomannan.
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexane + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = cyclohexanol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a galactoglucomannan.
Catalysis of the reaction: adipate + CoASH = adipyl-CoA + OH-.
negative regulation of starch catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of starch catabolic process.
negative regulation of starch catabolism
negative regulation of starch degradation
fosfomycin 2-glutathione ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen (2R,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-ylphosphonic acid + glutathione = hydrogen (1R,2R)-1-glutathio-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid.
positive regulation of starch catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of starch catabolic process.
positive regulation of starch catabolism
positive regulation of starch degradation
Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen (2R,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-ylphosphonic acid + L-cysteine = hydrogen (1R,2R)-1-L-cysteine-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid.
positive regulation of dipeptide transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transport.
Catalysis of the reaction: TNP dihydride Meisenheimer complex (aci form) = TNP dihydride Meisenheimer complex (nitro form).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of starch catabolic process.
trinitrophenol dihydride denitratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol dihydride Meisenheimer complex (aci form) = 2,4-dinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex + NO2. Trinitrophenol is also known as TNP and dinitrophenol is also known as DNP.
2,4,6-trinitrophenol dihydride denitratase activity
positive regulation of oligopeptide transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligopeptide transport.
2,4-dinitrocyclohexanone hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dinitrocyclohexanone + OH- = 4,6-dinitrohexanoate.
negative regulation of dipeptide transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transport.
branched-chain dodecylbenzene sulfonate monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: branched-chain dodecylbenzene sulfonate + 1/2 O2 + H+ = sulfurous acid + branched-chain dodecyl-4-hydroxy-benzene + sulfite.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glyoxylate cycle.
positive regulation of glyoxylate bypass
3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate 2,3-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate + O2 = (3E)-3-[(6Z)-6-(carboxymethylene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene]-2-oxopropanate.
negative regulation of oligopeptide transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligopeptide transport.
Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-11,12-epoxide.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glyoxylate cycle.
benzo(a)pyrene-trans-11,12-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-trans-11,12-dihydrodiol = 11,12-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glyoxylate cycle.
negative regulation of glyoxylate bypass
benzo(a)pyrene 11,12-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-11,12-dihydrodiol.
positive regulation of progesterone secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone secretion.
4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + C1 unit = hydroxymethoxybenzo(a)pyrene.
obsolete regulation of histone H4 acetylation involved in response to DNA damage stimulus
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H4 acetylation involved in response to DNA damage stimulus.
Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-4,5-dihydrodiol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone secretion.
benzo(a)pyrene-cis-4,5-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-cis-4,5-dihydrodiol = 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + H2.
negative regulation of progesterone secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone secretion.
4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + O2 = 4,5-chrysenedicarboxylate.
negative regulation of estrone secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estrone secretion.
negative regulation of 3-hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one secretion
negative regulation of folliculin secretion
benzo(a)pyrene 9,10-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-9,10-dihydrodiol.
positive regulation of estrone secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of estrone secretion.
positive regulation of 3-hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one secretion
positive regulation of folliculin secretion
9,10-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 9,10-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + O2 = cis-4-(8-hydroxypyren-7-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.
positive regulation of estradiol secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of estradiol secretion.
positive regulation of oestradiol secretion
Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-7,8-dihydrodiol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrone secretion.
regulation of 3-hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one secretion
7,8-dihydroxy benzo(a)pyrene dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-cis-7,8-dihydrodiol + O2 = cis-4-(7-hydroxypyren-8-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estradiol secretion.
cis-4-(8-hydroxypyren-7-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-(8-hydroxypyren-7-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate = 10-oxabenzo(def)chrysen-9-one + formate + H+.
negative regulation of estradiol secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estradiol secretion.
negative regulation of oestradiol secretion
Catalysis of the reaction: anthracene + 2 H2O = cis-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol.
positive regulation of cellodextrin metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin metabolic process.
positive regulation of cellodextrin metabolism
cis-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol = 9,10-anthraquinone + 4 H+ + 4 e-.
regulation of cellodextrin catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin catabolic process.
Catalysis of the reaction: androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + reduced ferredoxin + O2 = 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin.
regulation of cellodextrin metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin metabolic process.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + NADP+ + H2O.
negative regulation of cellodextrin metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin metabolic process.
negative regulation of cellodextrin metabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: (3E,1Z)-4,5-9,10-diseco-3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxoandrosta-1(10),2-diene-4-oate + H2O = (2E,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate + 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oate + H+.
negative regulation of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process.
negative regulation of arabinoxylan catabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: citronellol + NAD+ = citronellal + NADH + H+.
positive regulation of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process.
positive regulation of arabinoxylan catabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: citronellal + NAD+ + OH- = citronellate + NADH + H+.
positive regulation of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process.
positive regulation of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: citronellate + CoASH + ATP = citronellyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.
regulation of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process.
Catalysis of the reaction: citronellyl-CoA + NAD+ = cis-geranyl-CoA + NADH + H+.
regulation of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process.
regulation of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolism
tetralin ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tetralin + O2 + NADH + H+ = cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalene + NAD+.
negative regulation of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process.
negative regulation of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolism
1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexyhadronaphthalene dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalene + NAD+ = 1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene + NADH + H+.
negative regulation of glucuronoxylan catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoxylan catabolic process.
negative regulation of glucuronoxylan catabolism
1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene extradiol dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene + O2 = 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate + H+.
positive regulation of glucuronoxylan catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoxylan catabolic process.
positive regulation of glucuronoxylan catabolism
4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate + H+.
positive regulation of galactoglucomannan catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of galactoglucomannan catabolic process.
positive regulation of galactoglucomannan catabolism
2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate + H2O = (2Z)-2,4-dihydroxydec-2-enedioate.
regulation of glucuronoxylan catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoxylan catabolic process.
(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxydec-2-enedioate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2Z)-2,4-dihydroxydec-2-enedioate = pyruvate + 7-oxoheptanoate.
regulation of galactoglucomannan catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of galactoglucomannan catabolic process.
regulation of galactoglucomannan catabolism
(R)-(-)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthol = 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
negative regulation of galactoglucomannan catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of galactoglucomannan catabolic process.
negative regulation of galactoglucomannan catabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: geranial + NAD+ + OH- = geranylate + NADH + H+.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import.
Catalysis of the reaction: geranylate + CoASH = trans-geranyl-CoA + OH-.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import.
2-mercaptobenzothiazole dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2-mercaptobenzothiazole-cis-6,7-dihydrodiol.
positive regulation of glucomannan catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucomannan catabolic process.
positive regulation of glucomannan catabolism
2-mercaptobenzothiazole monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 6-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import.
6-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 6,7-dihydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole.
positive regulation of starch metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of starch metabolic process.
positive regulation of starch metabolism
2-mercaptobenzothiazole-cis-6,7-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole-cis-6,7-dihydrodiol = 6,7-dihydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
negative regulation of glucomannan catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucomannan catabolic process.
negative regulation of glucomannan catabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-(2S,5R)-menthone + NAD+ = (5R)-menth-2-enone + NADH + H+.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of starch metabolic process.
Catalysis of the reaction: (5R)-menth-2-enone + H2O = (5R)-3-hydroxymenthone.
negative regulation of starch metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of starch metabolic process.
negative regulation of starch metabolism
3-hydroxymenthone dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (5R)-3-hydroxymenthone + NAD+ = mentha-1,3-dione + NADH + H+.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cellooligosaccharide.
Catalysis of the reaction: mentha-1,3-dione + CoASH = 3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-octyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cellooligosaccharide.
thiophene-2-carboxylate-CoA ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: thiophene-2-carboxylate + ATP + CoASH = thiophene-2-carboxyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclodextrin.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutaryl-CoA + OH- = 2-oxoglutarate + CoASH.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cyclodextrin.
naphthyl-2-methyl-succinate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methyl-succinate + succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-methyl-succinyl-CoA + succinate.
regulation of glucomannan catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucomannan catabolic process.
naphthyl-2-methyl-succinyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methyl-succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xyloglucan.
naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA + H2O = naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amylopectin.
naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an amylopectin.
naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA succinyl transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA + CoASH = 2-naphthoyl-CoA + succinyl-CoA.
negative regulation of cyclodextrin catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin catabolic process.
negative regulation of cyclodextrin catabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-naphthoyl-CoA + OH- = 2-naphthoate + CoASH.
positive regulation of cyclodextrin catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin catabolic process.
positive regulation of cyclodextrin catabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: isooctane + 1/2 O2 = 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol.
positive regulation of cyclodextrin metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin metabolic process.
positive regulation of cyclodextrin metabolism
2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA 2-C-propanoyl transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + CoASH = pivalyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA.
regulation of cyclodextrin catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin catabolic process.
4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanal dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanal + H2O = 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + 3 H+ + 2 e-.
regulation of cyclodextrin metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin metabolic process.
2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + H+ = 2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone + CO2.
negative regulation of cyclodextrin metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin metabolic process.
negative regulation of cyclodextrin metabolism
4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + H+ = 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone + CO2.
negative regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.
negative regulation of xyloglucan catabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + H2O.
positive regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.
positive regulation of xyloglucan catabolism
2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate.
positive regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.
positive regulation of xyloglucan metabolism
2-(methylthio)benzothiazole monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2-(methylsulfinyl)benzothiazole.
regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.
2-hydroxybenzothiazole monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxybenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2,6-dihydroxybenzothiazole.
regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.
Catalysis of the reaction: benzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2-hydroxybenzothiazole.
negative regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.
negative regulation of xyloglucan metabolism
2-mercaptobenzothiazole desulfurase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + reduced acceptor = benzothiazole + hydrogen sulfide + oxidized acceptor.
negative regulation of amylopectin catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amylopectin catabolic process.
negative regulation of Amylopectin catabolism
benzothiazole-2-sulfonate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzothiazole-2-sulfonate + H2O = 2-hydroxybenzothiazole + HSO3-.
positive regulation of amylopectin catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amylopectin catabolic process.
positive regulation of Amylopectin catabolism
2,6-dihydroxybenzothiazole monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxybenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2,6,7-trihydroxybenzothiazole.
positive regulation of amylopectin metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amylopectin metabolic process.
positive regulation of Amylopectin metabolism
2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol = 2,4,4-trimethylpentanal + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
regulation of amylopectin catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amylopectin catabolic process.
2,4,4-trimethylpentanal dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpentanal + H2O = 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate + 3 H+ + 2 e-.
regulation of amylopectin metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amylopectin metabolic process.
2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate-CoA ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate + CoASH = 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoyl-CoA + OH-.
negative regulation of amylopectin metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amylopectin metabolic process.
negative regulation of Amylopectin metabolism
2,4,4-trimethylpentanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoyl-CoA = 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
negative regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.
negative regulation of plant-type cell wall polysaccharide breakdown
2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-enoyl-CoA hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA.
positive regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.
positive regulation of plant-type cell wall polysaccharide breakdown
2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
positive regulation of cellotriose catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose catabolic process.
positive regulation of cellotriose catabolism
2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA thioesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + OH- = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + CoASH.
regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.
regulation of plant-type cell wall polysaccharide breakdown
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone + 1/2 O2 = 1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one.
regulation of cellotriose catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose catabolic process.
1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one = 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanal + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
negative regulation of cellotriose catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose catabolic process.
negative regulation of cellotriose catabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-geranyl-CoA = cis-geranyl-CoA.
negative regulation of cellotriose metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose metabolic process.
negative regulation of cellotriose metabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: thioacetamide + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = thioacetamide S-oxide + H2O.
positive regulation of cellotriose metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose metabolic process.
positive regulation of cellotriose metabolism
thioacetamide S-oxide S-oxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: thioacetamide S-oxide + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = thioacetamide S,S-dioxide + H2O.
positive regulation of cellobiose metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose metabolic process.
positive regulation of cellobiose metabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: caffeine + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid + H2O.
regulation of cellotriose metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose metabolic process.
isonicotinic acid hydrazide hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: isoniazid + H2O = isonicotinate + hydrazine.
regulation of cellobiose metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose metabolic process.
Catalysis of the reaction: isonicotinate + acceptor + H2O = 2-hydroxyisonicotinate + reduced acceptor.
negative regulation of cellobiose metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose metabolic process.
negative regulation of cellobiose metabolism
2-hydroxyisonicotinate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisonicotinate + acceptor + H2O = citrazinate + reduced acceptor.
negative regulation of cellodextrin catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin catabolic process.
negative regulation of cellodextrin catabolism
2,3,6-trihydroxyisonicotinate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,6-trihydroxyisonicotinate = 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine + CO2.
positive regulation of cellodextrin catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin catabolic process.
positive regulation of cellodextrin catabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: citrazinate + H2O = 2,3,6-trihydroxyisonicotinate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
positive regulation of hemicellulose catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemicellulose catabolic process.
positive regulation of hemicellulose catabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: citrazinate + H2O = cis-aconitamide.
regulation of galactomannan catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of galactomannan catabolic process.
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-aconitamide + H2O = cis-aconitate + HN3.
regulation of hemicellulose catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemicellulose catabolic process.
obsolete isonicotinate reductase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: isonicotinate + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1,4-dihydroisonicotinate.
negative regulation of hemicellulose catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemicellulose catabolic process.
negative regulation of hemicellulose catabolism
obsolete gamma-N-formylaminovinylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-N-formylaminovinylacetaldehyde + H2O = gamma-N-formylaminovinylacetate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
negative regulation of behavioral fear response
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavioral fear response.
negative regulation of behavioural fear response
gamma-N-formylaminovinylacetate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-N-formylaminovinylacetate + H2O = gamma-aminovinylacetate + HCOOH.
positive regulation of behavioral fear response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavioral fear response.
positive regulation of behavioural fear response
gamma-aminovinylacetate deaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-aminovinylacetate + H2O = succinic semialdehyde + NH3.
negative regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.
negative regulation of acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate acetyltransferase (isomerizing; ADP-phosphorylating)
negative regulation of acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate acetyltransferase (isomerizing; ADP- phosphorylating) activity
negative regulation of acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [(pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming, ADP-phosphorylating]
negative regulation of adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase activity
negative regulation of ATP:citrate oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-S)-CH(2)COO(-)->acetyl-CoA) (ATP- dephosphorylating) activity
negative regulation of ATP:citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-S)-CH2COO-rightacetyl-CoA] (ATP-dephosphorylating)
negative regulation of ATP citrate (pro-S)-lyase activity
negative regulation of ATP-citrate (pro-S)-lyase activity
negative regulation of ATP-citrate (pro-S-)-lyase activity
negative regulation of ATP-citric lyase activity
negative regulation of citrate-ATP lyase activity
negative regulation of citrate cleavage enzyme activity
negative regulation of citric cleavage enzyme activity
obsolete 1,4-dihydroisonicotinate 2,3-dioxygenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-dihydroisonicotinate + O2 = gamma-N-formylaminovinylacetaldehyde + CO2.
positive regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.
positive regulation of acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate acetyltransferase (isomerizing; ADP-phosphorylating)
positive regulation of acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate acetyltransferase (isomerizing; ADP- phosphorylating) activity
positive regulation of acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [(pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming, ADP-phosphorylating]
positive regulation of adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase activity
positive regulation of ATP:citrate oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-S)-CH(2)COO(-)->acetyl-CoA) (ATP- dephosphorylating) activity
positive regulation of ATP:citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-S)-CH2COO-rightacetyl-CoA] (ATP-dephosphorylating)
positive regulation of ATP citrate (pro-S)-lyase activity
positive regulation of ATP-citrate (pro-S)-lyase activity
positive regulation of ATP-citrate (pro-S-)-lyase activity
positive regulation of ATP-citric lyase activity
positive regulation of citrate-ATP lyase activity
positive regulation of citrate cleavage enzyme activity
positive regulation of citric cleavage enzyme activity
Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = endosulfan sulfate + H2O.
positive regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation.
positive regulation of inner ear hair cell differentiation
endosulfan hemisulfate sulfatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan hemisulfate + H2O = endosulfan monoalcohol + 2 H+ + sulfate.
regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.
regulation of acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate acetyltransferase (isomerizing; ADP-phosphorylating)
regulation of acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate acetyltransferase (isomerizing; ADP- phosphorylating) activity
regulation of acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [(pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming, ADP-phosphorylating]
regulation of adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase activity
regulation of ATP:citrate oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-S)-CH(2)COO(-)->acetyl-CoA) (ATP- dephosphorylating) activity
regulation of ATP:citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-S)-CH2COO-rightacetyl-CoA] (ATP-dephosphorylating)
regulation of ATP citrate (pro-S)-lyase activity
regulation of ATP-citrate (pro-S)-lyase activity
regulation of ATP-citrate (pro-S-)-lyase activity
regulation of citrate-ATP lyase activity
regulation of citrate cleavage enzyme activity
regulation of citric cleavage enzyme activity
endosulfan diol hydrolyase (cyclizing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan diol = endosulfan ether + H2O.
regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation.
regulation of inner ear hair cell differentiation
Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan diol = endosulfan hydroxyether + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
negative regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation.
negative regulation of inner ear hair cell differentiation
Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan lactone + H2O = endosulfan hydroxycarboxylate + H+.
negative regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation.
N-nitrodimethylamine hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-nitrodimethylamine + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = N-nitromethylamine + formaldehyde + H2O.
positive regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation.
4-hydroxypyridine-3-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxypyridine + O2 + H+ + NADPH = pyridine-3,4-diol + H2O + NADP+.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in detection of glucose
OBSOLETE. Any regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in detection of glucose.
Catalysis of the reaction: pryidine-3,4-diol + O2 = 3-(N-formyl)-formiminopyruvate.
regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-formiminopyruvate + H2O = 3-formylpyruvate + HN3.
negative regulation of pro-B cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.
negative regulation of pro-B cell development
negative regulation of pro-B lymphocyte differentiation
4-(1-ethyl-1,4-dimethyl-pentyl)phenol monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(1-ethyl-1,4-dimethyl-pentyl)phenol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = hydroquinone + 3,6-dimethylheptan-3-ol.
positive regulation of pro-B cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.
positive regulation of pro-B cell development
positive regulation of pro-B lymphocyte differentiation
hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = trimethylamine + hexadecanal + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
positive regulation of detection of glucose
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of detection of glucose.
positive regulation of glucose detection
positive regulation of glucose perception
Catalysis of the reaction: N,N,N-trimethylamine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N,N-trimethylamine N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.
regulation of pro-B cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.
regulation of pro-B lymphocyte differentiation
3-(N-formyl)-formiminopyruvate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(N-formyl)-formiminopyruvate + H2O = 3-formiminopyruvate + formate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of detection of glucose.
endosulfan hydroxyether dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan hydroxyether = endosulfan lactone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
negative regulation of detection of glucose
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of detection of glucose.
negative regulation of glucose detection
negative regulation of glucose perception
Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan sulfate + H2O = endosulfan diol + sulfite.
positive regulation of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process.
positive regulation of cell wall polysaccharide breakdown
Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan ether + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = endosulfan hydroxyether + H2O.
positive regulation of AMPA receptor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA selective glutamate receptor activity.
positive regulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor activity
5-chloro-2-oxopent-4-enoate hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-chloro-2-oxopent-4-enoate + H2O = 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanate.
regulation of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process.
regulation of cell wall polysaccharide breakdown
5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanate = pyruvate + chloroacetaldehyde.
negative regulation of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process.
negative regulation of cell wall polysaccharide breakdown
N-isopropylaniline 1,2-dixoxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylaniline + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = catechol + NAD+ + isopropylamine.
negative regulation of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process.
negative regulation of cellooligosaccharide catabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: acetanilide + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = catechol + NAD+ + acetamide.
positive regulation of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process.
positive regulation of cellooligosaccharide catabolism
2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide 1,2-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetamide + catechol + NAD+.
positive regulation of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process.
positive regulation of cellooligosaccharide metabolism
6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O + OH- = 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine + 4 H+ + 4 e- + methylamine.
regulation of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process.
regulation of cellooligosaccharide catabolism
6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine + H2O = succinic semialdehyde + 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.
regulation of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process.
regulation of cellooligosaccharide metabolism
Catalysis of the reaction: phthalate + O2 + NADH + H+ = phthalate 3,4-cis-dihydrodiol + NAD+.
negative regulation of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process.
negative regulation of cellooligosaccharide metabolism
phthalate 3,4-cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phthalate 3,4-cis-dihydrodiol + NAD+ = 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate + NADH + H+.
obsolete positive regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug.
regulation of drug susceptibility/resistance
trinitrophenol hydride denitratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex = 2,4-dinitrophenol + nitrite. Trinitrophenol is also known as TNP.
2,4,6-trinitrophenol hydride denitratase activity
obsolete regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus.
2-methylhexanoyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyl-3-oxooctanoyl-CoA + CoA = acetyl-CoA + 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA.
obsolete negative regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus.
2-methylhexanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA = 2-methylhex-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + e-.
negative regulation of retrograde axon cargo transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde axon cargo transport.
negative regulation of retrograde axonal transport
2-methylhex-2-enoyl-CoA hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylhex-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoyl-CoA.
positive regulation of retrograde axon cargo transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde axon cargo transport.
positive regulation of retrograde axonal transport
3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoyl-CoA = 2-methyl-3-oxohexanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation.
butyryl-CoA 2-C-propionyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-3-oxohexanoyl-CoA + CoA = propanoyl-CoA + butyryl-CoA.
regulation of retrograde axon cargo transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde axon cargo transport.
regulation of retrograde axonal transport
Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene.
regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation.
cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene = 4,5-dihydroxypyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation.
4,5-dihydroxypyrene dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxypyrene + O2 = phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate + 2 H+.
mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in renal system development
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the renal system as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in urinary system development
mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in urinary tract development
phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate + H+ = phenanthrene-4-carboxylate + CO2.
epithelial cell proliferation involved in renal tubule morphogenesis
Any epithelial cell proliferation that is involved in renal tubule morphogenesis.
cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate = 3,4-dihydroxyphenanthrene + H+ + 2 e- + CO2.
negative regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of cellulose biosynthesis during cell wall biosynthesis
negative regulation of cell wall cellulose biosynthesis
Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = pyrene-4,5-oxide + H2O.
positive regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of cellulose biosynthesis during cell wall biosynthesis
positive regulation of cell wall cellulose biosynthesis
Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene-4,5-oxide + H2O = trans-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene.
positive regulation of cellulose biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of cellulose anabolism
positive regulation of cellulose biosynthesis
positive regulation of cellulose formation
positive regulation of cellulose synthesis
Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = pyrene-1,2-oxide + H2O.
regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process.
regulation of cellulose biosynthesis during cell wall biosynthesis
regulation of cell wall cellulose biosynthesis
1-hydroxypyrene 6,7-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-hydroxypyrene-6,7-oxide + H2O.
regulation of cellulose biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose biosynthetic process.
1-hydroxypyrene 7,8-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-hydroxypyrene-7,8-oxide + H2O.
negative regulation of cellulose biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of cellulose anabolism
negative regulation of cellulose biosynthesis
negative regulation of cellulose formation
negative regulation of cellulose synthesis
1-hydroxypyrene sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + XSO3- = 1-pyrenylsulfate + HX.
negative regulation of pectin catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pectin catabolic process.
negative regulation of pectin catabolism
negative regulation of pectin degradation
1-hydroxypyrene methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + XCH3 = 1-methoxypyrene + HX.
positive regulation of pectin catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pectin catabolic process.
positive regulation of pectin catabolism
positive regulation of pectin degradation
1-methoxypyrene 6,7-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-methoxypyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-methoxypyrene-6,7-oxide + H2O.
positive regulation of xylan catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xylan catabolic process.
positive regulation of xylan degradation
1-hydroxy-6-methoxypyrene methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-6-methoxypyrene + XCH3 = 1,6-dimethoxypyrene + HX.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pectin catabolic process.
phenanthrene-4-carboxylate dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-4-carboxylate + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xylan catabolic process.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorotoluene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 4,6-dichloro-3-methyl-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene + NAD+.
negative regulation of xylan catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xylan catabolic process.
negative regulation of xylan degradation
4,6-dichloro-3-methylcatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4,6-dichloro-3-methylcatechol + O2 = 3,5-dichloro-3-methyl-cis,cis-muconate + 2 H+.
negative regulation of cellulose catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.
negative regulation of cellulose breakdown
negative regulation of cellulose catabolism
negative regulation of cellulose degradation
Catalysis of the reaction: perchlorate + 2 H+ + 2 e- = chlorate + H2O.
positive regulation of cellulose catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.
positive regulation of cellulose breakdown
positive regulation of cellulose catabolism
positive regulation of cellulose degradation
pyrrole-2-carboxylate monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pryrole-2-carboxylate + NADH + O2 + H+ = 5-hydroxypyrrole-2-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O.
positive regulation of mannan catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mannan catabolic process.
positive regulation of mannan catabolism
positive regulation of mannan degradation
5-hydroxypyrrole-2-carboxylate tautomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxypyrrole-2-carboxylate = 5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxylate.
regulation of cellulose catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.
5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxylate amidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxylate + 2 H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mannan catabolic process.
pyrrole-2-carboxylate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pryrole-2-carboxylate + H+ = pyrrole + CO2.
negative regulation of mannan catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mannan catabolic process.
negative regulation of mannan catabolism
negative regulation of mannan degradation
cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoate-CoA ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid + ATP + CoASH = cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.
negative regulation of galactomannan catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of galactomannan catabolic process.
trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoate-CoA ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid + ATP + CoASH = trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.
positive regulation of galactomannan catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of galactomannan catabolic process.
3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-heptanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-heptanoyl-CoA + NAD+ = 2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-heptanoyl-CoA + NADH+ + H+.
negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process.
negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptosis
2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-heptanoyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-heptanoyl-CoA + CoASH = 3-isopropylbut-3-enoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA.
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process.
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptosis
3-isopropylbut-3-enoyl-CoA thioesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-isopropylbut-3-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-isopropylbut-3-enoic acid + CoASH.
Catalysis of the reaction: terephthalate + H2O = benzoate + HCO3-.
regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process.
regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptosis
2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O = 2,6-dihydroxypyridine + 4-methylaminobutyrate.
negative regulation of tendon cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tendon cell differentiation.
negative regulation of muscle attachment cell differentiation
negative regulation of tenocyte differentiation
1,1-dichloroethane reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloroethane + 2 H+ + 2 e- = chloroethane + HCl.
positive regulation of tendon cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tendon cell differentiation.
positive regulation of muscle attachment cell differentiation
positive regulation of tenocyte differentiation
phenylboronic acid monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phenylboronic acid + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = phenol + B(OH)3.
Catalysis of the reaction: o-hydroxylaminobenzoate = 3-hydroxyanthranilate.
regulation of tendon cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tendon cell differentiation.
regulation of muscle attachment cell differentiation
malonate semialdehyde decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: malonate semialdehyde + H+ = acetaldehyde + CO2.
positive regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of integrin-mediated signalling pathway
Catalysis of the reaction: perillyl-CoA + H2O = 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: diphenyl ether + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether.
regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of integrin-mediated signalling pathway
2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether + O2 + H2O = 2-hydroxymuconate + phenol.
negative regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.
negative regulation of integrin-mediated signalling pathway
Catalysis of the reaction: diphenyl ether + NADH + O2 + H+ = phenol + catechol + NAD+.
negative regulation of septum digestion after cytokinesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process of physically separating the septal cell wall material by enzymatic digestion, that occurs after daughter cells are separated by cytokinesis.
negative regulation of cytokinetic cell separation
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-nitrophenol + 2 NADH + 2 H+ = 3-hydroxyaminophenol + 2 NAD+ + H2O.
positive regulation of septum digestion after cytokinesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of physically separating the septal cell wall material by enzymatic digestion, that occurs after daughter cells are separated by cytokinesis.
positive regulation of cell separation after cytokinesis
positive regulation of cytokinetic cell separation
aminohydroquinone monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: aminohydroquinone + 2 e- + 2 H+ + 1/2 O2 = 1,2,4-benzenetriol + NH3.
positive regulation of cellular response to drug
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to drug.
The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of endothelin by conversion of Big-endothelin substrate into mature endothelin.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to drug.
negative regulation of cellular response to drug
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to drug.
negative regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tongue muscle cell differentiation.
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small RNA transcript into a mature box C/D RNA.
positive regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tongue muscle cell differentiation.
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small RNA transcript into a mature box H/ACA RNA.
positive regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript that resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA into a mature box C/D snoRNA.
regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tongue muscle cell differentiation.
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript that resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA into a mature box H/ACA snoRNA.
regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.
A histone deacetylase complex that is involved in transcriptional regulation. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Set3p, Snt1p, Hos4p, Sif2p, Cpr1p, Hos2p, and Hst1p.
negative regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.
The modification of a histone by addition of one or more methyl groups to a lysine residue.
negative regulation of cellular glucuronidation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular glucuronidation.
negative regulation of cellular glucuronide biosynthesis
negative regulation of cellular glucuronide biosynthetic process
negative regulation of cellular glucuronoside biosynthesis
negative regulation of cellular glucuronoside biosynthetic process
The modification of a histone by addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue.
positive regulation of cellular glucuronidation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular glucuronidation.
positive regulation of cellular glucuronide biosynthesis
positive regulation of cellular glucuronide biosynthetic process
positive regulation of cellular glucuronoside biosynthesis
positive regulation of cellular glucuronoside biosynthetic process
The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 2 of the histone.
positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.
The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 17 of the histone.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular glucuronidation.
regulation of cellular glucuronide biosynthesis
regulation of cellular glucuronide biosynthetic process
regulation of cellular glucuronoside biosynthesis
regulation of cellular glucuronoside biosynthetic process
The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 26 of the histone.
regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.
A protein complex that contains a protein kinase (Sid2 in S. pombe) and its regulatory subunit (Mob1). The Sid2p-Mob1p kinase complex is a component of the septation initiation network in fission yeast (called the mitotic exit network in S. cerevisiae) and is required for cytokinesis. The analogous complex in S. cerevisiae is called Dbf2p-Mob1p complex.
negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.
A protein complex involved that contains proteins known in Schizosaccharomyces as Swi5 monomers and Swi2, and is involved in mating type switching.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug.
negative regulation of drug susceptibility/resistance
protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum
A protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug.
positive regulation of drug susceptibility/resistance
response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stress acting at the endoplasmic reticulum. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a laminarabioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A protein complex that contains the precursor form of NF-kappaB (p105), the NF-kappaB inhibitor ABIN-2, and the kinase TPL-2 (MAP3K8); the complex stabilizes TPL-2 and is involved in signaling in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages.
The directed movement of a sophoroseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A protein complex that contains the homeodomain proteins PDX1, PBX1b and MRG1 (MEIS2) and is involved in the transcriptional regulation of pancreatic acinar cell-specific genes.
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of one or more acetyl groups from a protein, requiring NAD.
A protein complex that contains CREB and FHL2, and is involved in transcriptional regulation.
A protein complex that contains CREB and FHL3, and is involved in transcriptional regulation.
The peptide cleavage of mitochondrial proteins, including cleavage contributing to their import.
The removal of an acetyl group from an acetylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.
Any large protein complex that contains Ecsit and NDUFAF1, is located in the mitochondrion, and is involved in the assembly of complex I of the oxidative phosphorylation system. In mammalian cells, three complexes of approximately 500, 600, and 850 kDa containing the 45 kDa isoform of Ecsit and NDUFAF1 have been observed.
beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc binding
Binding to beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc.
Directly binding to and delivering iron ions to a target protein.
positive regulation of metanephric ureteric bud development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric ureteric bud development.
Binding to one or more specific sites on an immunoglobulin receptor molecule.
Binding to one or more specific sites on the Fc-gamma receptor I complex. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.
regulation of metanephric ureteric bud development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric ureteric bud development.
negative regulation of metanephric ureteric bud development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric ureteric bud development.
microtubule organizing center attachment site
A region of the nuclear envelope to which a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) attaches; protein complexes embedded in the nuclear envelope mediate direct or indirect linkages between the microtubule cytoskeleton and the nuclear envelope.
microtubule organising centre attachment site
meiotic nuclear membrane microtubule tethering complex
A nuclear membrane protein complex which connects the nuclear outer and inner membranes together, and links links the nuclear lumen to cytoplasmic microtubules during meiosis.
LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton complex
microtubule organizing center attachment site organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microtubule organizing center attachment site. A microtubule organizing center attachment site is a region of the nuclear envelope to which a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) attaches.
microtubule organising centre attachment site organisation
A protein complex that consist of complement components C5b6 and C7 stably inserted in a cell membrane. Formation of the SC5b-7 complex is the first phase of membrane attack complex assembly.
A protein complex that consists of a GTPase activator protein (GAP) for Ras and three Src family protein tyrosine kinases, Fyn, Lyn and Yes. The complex is involved in signaling upon platelet activation.
p21(ras)GAP-Fyn-Lyn-Yes complex, thrombin stimulated
alphav-beta5 integrin-vitronectin complex
A protein complex that comprises one integrin alphav subunit, one integrin beta5 subunit, and vitronectin.
An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains at least seven polypeptides and is the major OST complex in mammalian cells. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complex identified, the OSTI complex has the weakest affinity for ribosomes.
An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains the seven polypeptides found in OST complex I, plus heterotrimeric Sec61alpha-beta-gamma. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complexes identified, the OSTII complex has intermediate affinity for ribosomes.
An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains the seven polypeptides found in OST complex I, plus heterotrimeric Sec61alpha-beta-gamma and the tetrameric TRAP complex. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complexes identified, the OSTIII complex has the strongest affinity for ribosomes.
dorsal trunk growth, open tracheal system
Growth of epithelial tubes that originate from pits in an open tracheal system and grow towards each other to meet and form a continuous open tube called the dorsal trunk. The dorsal trunk extends from the anterior spiracle to the posterior spiracle of the larva and forms the main airway of the insect tracheal system.
The clearance of liquid from the epithelial tubes of an open tracheal system, shortly before the emergence of the larva, to generate an air-filled tubule system.
D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.
D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate metabolism
The most apical region of the lateral plasma membrane of an invertebrate epithelial cell. The subapical complex lies above the zonula adherens and the septate junction, and is comparable to the position of the tight junction of vertebrate cells.
D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.
D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate biosynthesis
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to phosphatidylinositol or one of its phosphorylated derivatives at the 3' position of the inositol ring.
D-tagatose 6-phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a D-tagatose 6-phosphate.
1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4-phosphate 3-phosphotransferase activity
C2-domain-containing phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity
type II phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
D-tagatose 6-phosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a D-tagatose 6-phosphate.
The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin.
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity.
positive regulation of lysosomal cysteine-type endopeptidase
positive regulation of thiol endopeptidase activity
regulation of melanization defense response
Any process that affects the rate, extent or location of the melanization defense response during injury or invasion.
regulation of melanization defence response
reactive nitrogen species metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive nitrogen species.
positive regulation of melanization defense response
Any process that increases the rate or extent of the melanization defense response during injury or invasion.
activation of melanization defense response
positive regulation of melanization defence response
stimulation of melanization defense response
upregulation of melanization defense response
up regulation of melanization defense response
up-regulation of melanization defense response
tetrahydromethanopterin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a tetrahydromethanopterin.
negative regulation of melanization defense response
Any process that reduces the rate or extent of the melanization defense response. This regulation is critical to limit melanization to the site of injury or infection.
downregulation of melanization defense response
down regulation of melanization defense response
down-regulation of melanization defense response
inhibition of melanization defense response
negative regulation of melanization defence response
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a methanofuran.
Events resulting in the formation of a multilayered cellular sheath surrounding an invader and thus preventing its development. This defense mechanism is often seen in insects in response to nematodes or parasitoids, which are too large to be phagocytosed by individual hemocytes. In some organisms the capsule is blackened due to melanization.
methanopterin-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methanopterin.
melanotic encapsulation of foreign target
Formation of a multilayered, melanized sheath of cells around a foreign invader.
tetrahydromethanopterin metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a tetrahydromethanopterin.
obsolete polytene chromosome, telomeric region
OBSOLETE. The terminal region of a polytene chromosome.
positive regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.
positive regulation of cellular response to HGF stimulus
Combining with the peptide myosuppressin to initiate a change in cell activity.
methanopterin-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a methanopterin.
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulator activity
Modulates the activity of any of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks). Regulatory subunits can link a PI3K catalytic subunit to upstream signaling events and help position the catalytic subunits close to their lipid substrates.
phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulator activity
regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.
regulation of cellular response to HGF stimulus
The increase in length of the aristal core. The arista is the terminal segment of the antenna and consists of a central core and a series of lateral extensions.
negative regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.
negative regulation of cellular response to HGF stimulus
The increase in length of the aristal laterals. The arista is the terminal segment of the antenna and consists of a central core and a series of lateral extensions.
negative regulation of lens epithelial cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lens epithelial cell proliferation.
The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the cuticle.
positive regulation of lens epithelial cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lens epithelial cell proliferation.
adult chitin-based cuticle pattern formation
The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in the chitin-based adult cuticle. An example of this process is adult chitin-based cuticle pattern formation in Drosophila melanogaster.
positive regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.
positive regulation of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor
somatic stem cell population maintenance
Any process by which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
regulation of lens epithelial cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lens epithelial cell proliferation.
regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.
regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.
regulation of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor
negative regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.
downregulation of Rac protein signal transduction
down regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
down-regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
inhibition of Rac protein signal transduction
negative regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.
negative regulation of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor
positive regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.
activation of Rac protein signal transduction
stimulation of Rac protein signal transduction
upregulation of Rac protein signal transduction
up regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
up-regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
The directed movement of a heptasaccharideacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.
The directed movement of a maltoheptaoseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.
downregulation of Rho protein signal transduction
down regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
down-regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
inhibition of Rho protein signal transduction
The directed movement of a hexasaccharideacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.
activation of Rho protein signal transduction
stimulation of Rho protein signal transduction
upregulation of Rho protein signal transduction
up regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
up-regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
The directed movement of a maltohexaoseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of leading edge cells, cells at the front of a migrating epithelial sheet.
The directed movement of a pentasaccharideacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The commitment of cells to leading edge cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into leading edge cells. Leading edge cells are found at the front of a migrating epithelial sheet.
The directed movement of a maltopentaoseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a leading edge cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
The directed movement of a tetrasaccharideacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
dorsal closure, leading edge cell fate commitment
The commitment of cells to leading edge cell fate during dorsal closure. Leading edge cells are the dorsal-most cells of the migrating epidermis.
The directed movement of a maltotetraoseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of a cellotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of a laminaritrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III
A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a catalytic class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit bound to a regulatory (adaptor) subunit. Additional adaptor proteins may be present. Class III PI3Ks have a substrate specificity restricted to phosphatidylinositol (PI).
phosphoinositide 3-kinase complex, class III
The directed movement of a xylotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Binds to and modulates the activity of histone deacetylase.
The directed movement of a mannotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
histone acetyltransferase regulator activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of histone acetyltransferase.
The directed movement of an arabinotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Binding to an histone acetyltransferase.
The directed movement of a galactotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The initial contact step made between the sperm plasma membrane and outer layer of the egg during fertilization.
The directed movement of a maltotriuloseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
An endocytosis process that results in penetration of the egg shell through the micropyle (a specialized anterior opening in the vitelline envelope) and entry of the entire sperm, including the surrounding plasma membrane and the sperm tail, into the egg cytoplasm. This step in fertilization is seen in Drosophila, where a plasma membrane fusion event between the sperm and the egg does not occur.
The directed movement of a nigerotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Assembly of the haploid nucleus of the unfertilized egg.
The directed movement of a trisaccharideacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The conversion at fertilization of the inactive sperm nucleus into a male pronucleus with its chromosomes processed for the first zygotic division.
The directed movement of a maltotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Removal of the sperm nuclear envelope, allowing entry of maternal factors into the sperm nucleus.
positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transmembrane transport.
positive regulation of dipeptide membrane transport
Unwinding of the condensed nuclear chromatin of an inactive male pronucleus after fertilization.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport.
obsolete fertilization, exchange of chromosomal proteins
OBSOLETE. Replacement of sperm-specific chromosomal proteins with somatic histones, to allow the paternal genome to acquire a nucleosomal chromatin organization compatible with nuclear activity.
regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transmembrane transport.
regulation of dipeptide membrane transport
Assembly of a nuclear envelope containing nuclear pores and a lamina around the male pronucleus, the final step in sperm pronuclear formation.
negative regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transmembrane transport.
negative regulation of dipeptide membrane transport
Formation and organization of an aster composed of microtubule arrays originating from the sperm basal body and extending virtually to the egg periphery. The sperm aster ensures the appropriate positioning of the male and female pronuclei.
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity.
The gradual disintegration of the sperm plasma membrane following insemination. This process is seen in Drosophila after entry of the entire sperm, surrounded by its plasma membrane, into the egg.
The directed movement of the male and female pronuclei towards each other prior to their fusion.
regulation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity.
The rotation of centrosomes and associated pronuclei in one-cell embryos such as those of Caenorhabditis elegans, occurring as a transition between pronuclear migration and pronuclear fusion.
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity.
obsolete splicing factor protein import into nucleus
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a pre-mRNA splicing factor from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
The directed movement of a nicotinateacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to juvenile hormone acid.
The directed movement of a N-methylnicotinateacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field.
positive regulation of phospholipid transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid transport.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.
dorsal vessel aortic cell fate commitment
The commitment of dorsal vessel cardioblast cells to an aortic cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into aortic cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid transport.
dorsal vessel heart proper cell fate commitment
The commitment of dorsal vessel cardioblast cells to a heart proper cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into heart cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
negative regulation of phospholipid transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid transport.
embryonic heart tube anterior/posterior pattern specification
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of cell differentiation that results in the anterior/posterior subdivision of the embryonic heart tube. In Drosophila this results in subdivision of the dorsal vessel into to the posterior heart proper and the anterior aorta.
negative regulation of endocytic recycling
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.
negative regulation of retrograde transport of endocytic vesicles
positive regulation of endocytic recycling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.
positive regulation of retrograde transport of endocytic vesicles
methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a carbon monoxide.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.
regulation of retrograde transport of endocytic vesicles
methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a 3-(methylthio)propionic acid.
A protein complex that facilitates the assembly of nucleosomes on to newly synthesized DNA. In Drosophila, the complex comprises ASF1 and histones H3 and H4.
replication-coupling assembly factor complex
methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a methanethiol.
A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains 8 to 14 proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of the Drosophila brm (brahma) or mammalian SMARCA2/BAF190B/BRM gene, or an ortholog thereof.
methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a trimethylamine.
A class of nuclear body measuring 20-25 nm in diameter and distributed throughout the interchromatin space, linked together by thin fibrils. They are believed to be storage centers for various snRNAs, snRNPs, serine/arginine-rich proteins and RNA polymerase II. A typical mammalian cell contains 25-50 clusters of interchromatin granules. Interchromatin granule clusters do not contain the heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs).
methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a dimethyl sulfide.
A nucleoplasmic speckle distributed in the interchromatin space of cells in close proximity to chromatin. Omega speckles are distinct from interchromatin granules and contain heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs).
methane biosynthetic process from methylamine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a methylamine.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of nuclear specks, a class of nuclear body in which splicing factors are localized.
nuclear speck organization and biogenesis
methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a dimethylamine.
Binding to a histone in which a residue has been modified by methylation.
positive regulation of translational frameshifting
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational frameshifting.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.
methane biosynthetic process from formic acid
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a formic acid.
positive regulation of histone acetylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.
regulation of translational frameshifting
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational frameshifting.
negative regulation of histone acetylation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.
negative regulation of translational frameshifting
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational frameshifting.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a maltoheptaose.
The stage-specific break down of the larval midgut during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a maltoheptaose.
The stage-specific break down of the larval salivary glands during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methanofuran.
salivary gland cell autophagic cell death
The stage-specific programmed cell death of salivary gland cells during salivary gland histolysis.
autophagic cell death of salivary gland cells
programmed cell death of salivary gland cells by autophagy
salivary gland cell programmed cell death by autophagy
coenzyme gamma-F420-2 biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a coenzyme gamma-F420-2.
ecdysone-mediated induction of salivary gland cell autophagic cell death
Any process induced by ecdysone that directly activates salivary gland programmed cell death during salivary gland histolysis.
ecdysone-mediated induction of autophagic cell death of salivary gland cells
ecdysone-mediated induction of programmed cell death of salivary gland cells by autophagy
ecdysone-mediated induction of salivary gland cell programmed cell death by autophagy
The onset of prepupal development when the larval stops crawling, everts its spiracles and the larval cuticle becomes the puparium or pupal case that surrounds the organism for the duration of metamorphosis.
The act of becoming a pupa, a resting stage in the life cycle of organisms with complete metamorphosis. This event marks the end of the prepupal period and the beginning of the pupal period.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.
ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated by ecdysone binding to the ecdysone receptor complex.
ecdysone receptor-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of mediator complex assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mediator complex assembly.
ecdysone-mediated polytene chromosome puffing
The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of hormone-responsive genes on polytene chromosomes in response to increased production of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) in Drosophila larvae approaching pupation.
induction of programmed cell death by ecdysone
Any process induced by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) that directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mediator complex assembly.
The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of target genes on polytene chromosomes following response to a stimulus, to facilitate sudden bursts of transcriptional activity in response to transient environmental signals.
negative regulation of mediator complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mediator complex assembly.
heat shock-mediated polytene chromosome puffing
The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of heat shock genes on polytene chromosomes in response to a heat shock stimulus.
obsolete negative regulation of histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination.
induction of programmed cell death by hormones
Any process induced by hormones that directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.
obsolete positive regulation of histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination.
The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
positive regulation of glycolytic fermentation to ethanol
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose catabolic process to ethanol.
positive regulation of ethanol fermentation
positive regulation of glucose fermentation to ethanol
regulation of histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination.
regulation of budding yeast H2B K123 ubiquitination
regulation of fission yeast H2B K119 ubiquitination
regulation of mammalian H2B K120 ubiquitination
negative regulation of ATP biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of histone H2B ubiquitination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2B ubiquitination.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process.
establishment or maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance polarization of a cell's architecture along its apical/basal axis so that the apical and basal regions of the cell have different membrane, extracellular matrix and sub-membrane cellular components.
regulation of histone H2B ubiquitination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2B ubiquitination.
establishment of apical/basal cell polarity
The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its apical/basal axis.
obsolete negative regulation of histone H2B ubiquitination
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2B ubiquitination.
maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity
Retaining the established polarization of a cell along its apical/basal axis.
obsolete negative regulation of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues.
Binding to an inositol-containing glycerophospholipid, i.e. phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives.
obsolete positive regulation of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues.
The progressive compaction of the spermatid chromatin so that it reaches a level of condensation that is not compatible with nuclear activities such as transcription or DNA replication.
spermatogenesis, exchange of chromosomal proteins
obsolete positive regulation of histone H3-K79 methylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K79 methylation.
obsolete regulation of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.
obsolete regulation of histone H3-K79 methylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K79 methylation.
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nicotine stimulus.
obsolete negative regulation of histone H3-K79 methylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K79 methylation.
larval midgut cell programmed cell death
The stage-specific programmed cell death of cells of the larval midgut, during histolysis of the larval organ.
programmed cell death of larval midgut cells
positive regulation of proline catabolic process to glutamate
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proline catabolic process to glutamate.
positive regulation of proline breakdown to glutamate
positive regulation of proline degradation to glutamate
positive regulation of proline oxidation
A multimeric complex that is able to catalyze the addition of methyl groups to histone proteins.
regulation of protein localization by the Cvt pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization by the Cvt pathway.
regulation of cytoplasm to vacuole targeting
regulation of cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting
A multimeric protein complex that can methylate lysine-27 and lysine-9 residues of histone H3. In Drosophila the core subunits of the complex include ESC, E(Z), CAF1 (NURF-55) and SU(Z)12. In mammals the core subunits of the complex include EED, EZH2, SUZ12 and RBBP4.
Extra Sex Combs/Enhancer of Zeste complex
regulation of proline catabolic process to glutamate
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline catabolic process to glutamate.
regulation of proline breakdown to glutamate
regulation of proline degradation to glutamate
The directed movement of a hemocyte within the embryo. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. In Drosophila, embryonic hemocytes originate from the head mesoderm as a cluster of cells. The cluster splits into two and one group of cells crosses the amnioserosa. Both populations then spread toward the middle of the embryo and then disperse evenly throughout the embryo.
negative regulation of proline catabolic process to glutamate
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proline catabolic process to glutamate.
negative regulation of proline breakdown to glutamate
negative regulation of proline degradation to glutamate
negative regulation of proline oxidation
Binding to 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone). Ecdysone is an ecdysteroid produced by the prothoracic glands of immature insects and the ovaries of adult females, which stimulates growth and molting.
regulation of glycolytic fermentation to ethanol
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose catabolic process to ethanol.
regulation of glucose fermentation to ethanol
A histone chaperone complex that facilitates nucleosome disassembly and reassembly upon DNA or RNA polymerase passage.
Facilitates chromatin transcription complex
negative regulation of glycolytic fermentation to ethanol
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucose catabolic process to ethanol.
negative regulation of ethanol fermentation
negative regulation of glucose fermentation to ethanol
A multiprotein complex that mediates monoubiquitination of lysine residues of histone H2A (lysine-118 in Drosophila or lysine-119 in mammals). The complex is required for stable long-term maintenance of transcriptionally repressed states and is involved in chromatin remodeling.
negative regulation of renal water transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport.
obsolete sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage
OBSOLETE. The proteolytic release of a transcriptionally active sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) from intracellular membranes, freeing it to move to the nucleus to upregulate transcription of target genes, in response to altered levels of one or more lipids.
positive regulation of renal water transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.
positive regulation of vascular morphogenesis
obsolete sterol regulatory element binding protein import into nucleus
OBSOLETE. The transfer of a sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane, in response to altered levels of one or more lipids. SREBPs are transcription factors that bind sterol regulatory elements (SREs), DNA motifs found in the promoters of target genes.
obsolete regulation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity.
Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.
The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.
negative regulation of vascular morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb are generated and organized. A limb is a paired appendage of a tetrapod used for locomotion or grasping.
regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway.
regulation of acetate-mevalonate pathway
regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate pathway
regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway
regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate pathway
obsolete imaginal disc-derived limb morphogenesis
OBSOLETE. The process in which the anatomical structures of limbs that are derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
negative regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway.
negative regulation of acetate-mevalonate pathway
negative regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate pathway
negative regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway
negative regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate pathway
OBSOLETE. The process in which the anatomical structures of a leg are generated and organized. A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands.
negative regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation mediated by RNA polymerase I.
negative regulation of RNA elongation from Pol I promoter
negative regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter
OBSOLETE. The process in which the anatomical structures of a leg joint are generated and organized. The leg joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a leg to allow movement in a controlled manner. One example is the knee, which separates the leg tibia and femur.
positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter.
positive regulation of RNA elongation from Pol I promoter
positive regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter
The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized. The genitalia are the organs of reproduction or generation, external and internal.
positive regulation of osteoclast development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.
positive regulation of osteoclast cell development
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the appendage are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.
regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter.
regulation of RNA elongation from Pol I promoter
regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter
imaginal disc-derived appendage morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.
regulation of osteoclast cell development
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human.
negative regulation of osteoclast development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.
negative regulation of osteoclast cell development
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal.
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.
positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. The pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.
The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of an appendage are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.
regulation of dendritic cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.
OBSOLETE. The process in which the anatomical structures of the tail are generated and organized. The tail is the hindmost part of some animals.
negative regulation of dendritic cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. Medial fins are unpaired fins of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.
positive regulation of lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine.
positive regulation of lysine biosynthesis via aminoadipic acid and saccharopine
positive regulation of lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid and saccharopine
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.
basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis
Any basement membrane assembly that is involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. The caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish and is the main fin used for propulsion.
regulation of lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine.
regulation of lysine biosynthesis via aminoadipic acid and saccharopine
regulation of lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid and saccharopine
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.
negative regulation of lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine.
negative regulation of lysine biosynthesis via aminoadipic acid and saccharopine
negative regulation of lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid and saccharopine
The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized.
negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.
negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation during immune response
negative regulation of gamma-delta T-cell activation during immune response
negative regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte activation during immune response
negative regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte activation during immune response
The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.
positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.
positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation during immune response
positive regulation of gamma-delta T-cell activation during immune response
positive regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte activation during immune response
positive regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte activation during immune response
The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an organism.
positive regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell.
positive regulation of T-cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
positive regulation of T lymphocyte activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized.
regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.
regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation during immune response
regulation of gamma-delta T-cell activation during immune response
regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte activation during immune response
regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte activation during immune response
post-embryonic pectoral fin morphogenesis
The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.
regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell.
regulation of T-cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
regulation of T lymphocyte activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
regulation of T-lymphocyte activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. The pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.
negative regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell.
negative regulation of T-cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
negative regulation of T lymphocyte activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. Medial fins are unpaired fins of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.
post-embryonic unpaired fin morphogenesis
negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. The caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish and is the main fin used for propulsion.
positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.
The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.
regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human.
negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine anabolism
negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis
negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine formation
negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized.
positive regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of phosphatidylcholine anabolism
positive regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis
positive regulation of phosphatidylcholine formation
positive regulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptosis
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway
positive regulation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway
The process in which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. Pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.
regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process.
regulation of phosphatidylcholine anabolism
regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis
regulation of phosphatidylcholine formation
regulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway
regulation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway
The process in which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. A medial fin is an unpaired fin of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptosis
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway
negative regulation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway
The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.
negative regulation of dependence receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptosis in absence of ligand
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway in absence of ligand
The process in which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. A caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish, and is the main fin used for propulsion.
positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.
positive regulation of dependence receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of extrinsic apoptosis in absence of ligand
positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway in absence of ligand
The process in which the anatomical structures of the anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.
positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
positive regulation of extrinsic apoptosis
positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway
A multi-subunit complex deposited by the spliceosome upstream of messenger RNA exon-exon junctions. The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.
regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.
regulation of dependence receptor signaling pathway
regulation of extrinsic apoptosis in absence of ligand
regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway in absence of ligand
The joining of specific branches of a tubular system to form a continuous network.
regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway
Fusing of specific tracheal branches in an open tracheal system to branches from neighboring hemisegments to form a continuous tracheal network. Branch fusion is mediated by individual cells at the tip of each branch, which contact a similar cell and undergo a coordinated series of morphogenetic events that create a bicellular fusion joint.
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptosis
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway
Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow.
lumen formation in an anatomical structure
negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.
negative regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway
Creation of the central hole of a tube in an open tracheal system through which gases flow.
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.
positive regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway
Ensuring that a tube is of the correct length and diameter. Tube size must be maintained not only during tube formation, but also throughout development and in some physiological processes.
positive regulation of protein localization to prospore membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to prospore membrane.
positive regulation of protein localisation to prospore membrane
positive regulation of protein-prospore membrane targeting
positive regulation of protein targeting to ascospore-type prospore membrane
positive regulation of protein targeting to forespore membrane
positive regulation of protein targeting to FSM
positive regulation of protein targeting to prospore membrane
regulation of tube size, open tracheal system
Ensuring that an epithelial tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length and diameter. Tracheal tubes undergo highly regulated tube-size increases during development, expanding up to 40 times their initial size by the end of larval life. Tube size appears to be controlled by regulation of apical membrane expansion and secretion, rather than by changes in cell number, size or shape.
regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.
regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway
regulation of tube architecture, open tracheal system
Ensuring that tracheal cells form and maintain tubular structures with the correct size and shape for their position in the network. This is essential for efficient flow of gases through the tracheal network.
regulation of tracheal tube architecture
positive regulation of response to gamma radiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation.
positive regulation of response to gamma ray
positive regulation of response to gamma-ray photon
epithelial cell type specification, open tracheal system
Allocation of epithelial cells within each migrating branch in an open tracheal system to distinct tracheal cell fates. During the migration phase each branch forms a well-defined number of cell types (including fusion cells, terminal cells and branch cells) at precise positions.
tracheal epithelial cell type specification
regulation of protein localization to prospore membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to prospore membrane.
regulation of protein localisation to prospore membrane
regulation of protein-prospore membrane targeting
regulation of protein targeting to ascospore-type prospore membrane
regulation of protein targeting to forespore membrane
regulation of protein targeting to prospore membrane
terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system
The process in which a cell in an open tracheal system becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a terminal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Terminal cells send long and bifurcated hollow branches toward target tissues to allow oxygen exchange.
regulation of response to gamma radiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation.
regulation of response to gamma-ray photon
negative regulation of terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system
Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a terminal cell fate in an open tracheal system. Once the terminal and fusion fates have been correctly induced, inhibitory feedback loops prevent the remaining branch cells from assuming similar fates.
downregulation of terminal cell fate specification
down regulation of terminal cell fate specification
down-regulation of terminal cell fate specification
inhibition of terminal cell fate specification
negative regulation of terminal cell fate specification
negative regulation of response to gamma radiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation.
negative regulation of response to gamma ray
negative regulation of response to gamma-ray photon
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a fusion cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Fusion cells allow the interconnection of adjacent tracheal metameres during tracheal tube fusion.
negative regulation of chloride transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chloride transport.
negative regulation of fusion cell fate specification
Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a fusion cell fate. Once the terminal and fusion fates have been correctly induced, inhibitory feedback loops prevent the remaining branch cells from assuming similar fates.
downregulation of fusion cell fate specification
down regulation of fusion cell fate specification
down-regulation of fusion cell fate specification
inhibition of fusion cell fate specification
regulation of tube diameter, open tracheal system
Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct diameter. When primary branches form their lumens are small (less than 2 micrometers) in caliber and must undergo regulated expansion during larval life to reach their mature size.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.
positive regulation of neuronal migration
positive regulation of neuron chemotaxis
regulation of tube length, open tracheal system
Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chloride transport.
maintenance of epithelial integrity, open tracheal system
Ensuring that tracheal tubes in an open tracheal system maintain their epithelial structure during the cell shape changes and movements that occur during the branching process.
maintenance of tracheal epithelial integrity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.
Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between compartments in an imaginal disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.
negative regulation of neuronal migration
negative regulation of neuron chemotaxis
The stages of blood cell formation that take place within the embryo.
obsolete negative regulation of G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the embryonic head mesoderm acquires the specialized features of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
embryonic arthropod blood cell differentiation
obsolete positive regulation of G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle.
The process in which an embryonic mesoderm-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte.
embryonic plasmatocyte cell differentiation
obsolete negative regulation of S/G2 transition of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of S/G2 transition of mitotic cell cycle.
The process in which an embryonic mesoderm-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a crystal cell. Crystal cells are a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.
obsolete positive regulation of S/G2 transition of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of S/G2 transition of mitotic cell cycle.
The stages of blood cell formation that take place after completion of embryonic development.
obsolete negative regulation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity.
The production of blood cells from the larval lymph gland. The lymph gland consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages.
obsolete regulation of S/G2 transition of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of S/G2 transition of mitotic cell cycle.
larval lymph gland hemocyte differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the larval lymph gland acquires the specialized features of a mature hemocyte. The lymph gland consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
larval lymph gland arthropod blood cell differentiation
positive regulation of leucine biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leucine biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of leucine anabolism
positive regulation of leucine biosynthesis
positive regulation of leucine formation
positive regulation of leucine synthesis
lymph gland plasmatocyte differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte.
lymph gland plasmatocyte cell differentiation
regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process.
regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis
regulation of unsaturated fatty acid anabolism
regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis
regulation of unsaturated fatty acid formation
regulation of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis
lymph gland crystal cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a crystal cell. Crystal cells are a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.
regulation of leucine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leucine biosynthetic process.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a lamellocyte. Lamellocytes are a hemocyte lineage that exists only in larvae, but are seldom observed in healthy animals. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.
negative regulation of leucine biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leucine biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of leucine anabolism
negative regulation of leucine biosynthesis
negative regulation of leucine formation
negative regulation of leucine synthesis
The multiplication or reproduction of hemocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
obsolete negative regulation of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone.
obsolete positive regulation of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a serine residue of a histone.
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis.
positive regulation of effector caspase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-serine (position 10) + ATP = histone H3-phosphoserine (position 10) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 10 of histone H3.
histone kinase activity (H3-S10 specific)
histone serine kinase activity (H3-S10 specific)
histone-serine kinase activity (H3-S10 specific)
obsolete regulation of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus.
Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group.
regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis.
The movement of a larva through a feeding substrate whilst feeding on food.
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis.
negative regulation of effector caspase activity
Fine-tuning the spatial position of an organism in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of an organism in the direction of a food source.
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signalling pathway
negative regulation of initiator caspase activity
Fine-tuning the spatial position of a larva in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of a larva in the direction of a food source.
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signalling pathway
positive regulation of initiator caspase activity
The movement of a third instar larva through a substrate in search of a pupation site. This movement occurs without feeding and is characterized by short bursts of forward movement, separated by stops and repeated side-to-side head probes, followed normally by a change in direction.
Roundabout signaling pathway involved in axon guidance
Any Roundabout signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.
ROBO/SLIT signaling pathway involved in axon chemotaxis
ROBO/SLIT signaling pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
ROBO/SLIT signaling pathway involved in axon guidance
ROBO/SLIT signaling pathway involved in axon pathfinding
ROBO signaling pathway involved in axon chemotaxis
ROBO signaling pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
ROBO signaling pathway involved in axon guidance
ROBO signaling pathway involved in axon pathfinding
Roundabout signaling pathway involved in axon chemotaxis
Roundabout signaling pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
Roundabout signaling pathway involved in axon pathfinding
Roundabout signalling pathway involved in axon chemotaxis
Roundabout signalling pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
Roundabout signalling pathway involved in axon guidance
Roundabout signalling pathway involved in axon pathfinding
Digging into the substrate by non-feeding larvae in search for food-free sites suitable for pupation.
regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signalling pathway
regulation of initiator caspase activity
An electron opaque backbone of the insect ovarian ring canal that is a part of or adjacent to the plasma membrane. The outer rim is established as the cleavage furrow is arrested, and contains F-actin, anillin, glycoproteins and at least one a protein with a high content of phosphorylated tyrosine residues.
negative regulation of C-C chemokine binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine binding.
A proteinaceous actin-rich layer of the insect ovarian ring canal that forms subcortically to the outer rim. The electron dense inner rim accumulates after the final mitotic division of each germline syncytia, and contains actin, a phosphotyrosine protein, and a number of cytoskeletal proteins.
positive regulation of C-C chemokine binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine binding.
obsolete histone threonine kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a threonine residue of a histone.
positive regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway.
positive regulation of semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway
The first nine mitotic division cycles of the insect embryo, during which the dividing nuclei lie deep in the interior of the egg and divide nearly synchronously. This is the first phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine binding.
Mitotic division cycles 10 to 13 of the insect embryo. This is the second phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis. The majority of migrating nuclei reach the embryo surface during cycle 10, after which they divide less synchronously than before, and the syncytial blastoderm cycles lengthen progressively.
regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway.
regulation of semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway
The specific behavior of an organism during the emergence from an egg shell. In Drosophila for example, the larva swings its head reiteratively through a semicircular arc, using its mouth hooks to tear apart the chorion in front of it and thus free itself from within the egg shell.
negative regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway.
negative regulation of semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway
The emergence of an immature organism from a protective structure.
negative regulation of cation channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.
negative regulation of cation diffusion facilitator activity
negative regulation of nonselective cation channel activity
A multiprotein complex containing a heterodimeric E2F transcription factor and a Retinoblastoma (Rb) family member. This complex is capable of repressing transcription of E2F-regulated genes in order to regulate cell cycle progression.
positive regulation of cation channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.
positive regulation of cation diffusion facilitator activity
positive regulation of nonselective cation channel activity
The directed movement of nuclei within the syncytial embryo of insects. These precise temporal and spatial patterns of nuclear movement are coordinated with mitotic divisons and are required during blastoderm formation to reposition dividing nuclei from the interior of the syncytial embryo to the cortex.
regulation of store-operated calcium entry
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium entry.
regulation of capacitative calcium entry
regulation of store-operated calcium import
The stepwise asymmetric spreading out of nuclei internally along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing insect embryo during mitotic cycles 4 to 6. This movement leads to the distribution of nuclei in a hollow ellipsoid underlying the cortex.
nuclear distribution along anterior-posterior axis
nucleus distribution along anterior-posterior axis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.
regulation of cation diffusion facilitator activity
regulation of nonselective cation channel activity
The symmetric outward movement of the syncytial nuclei from their positions in the ellipsoid toward the periphery of the embryo, during mitotic cycles 8 and 9. This movement results in the placement of nuclei in a uniform monolayer at the cortex of the developing embryo.
obsolete negative regulation of histone H3-K36 trimethylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K36 trimethylation.
larval central nervous system remodeling
Reorganization of the pre-existing, functional larval central nervous system into one that can serve the novel behavioral needs of the adult. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
obsolete positive regulation of histone H3-K36 trimethylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K36 trimethylation.
ncRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing
A posttranscriptional gene silencing pathway in which regulatory RNAs elicit silencing of specific target genes, either by mRNA destabilization or inhibition of translation.
posttranscriptional gene silencing by RNA
post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA
RNA-dependent post-transcriptional gene silencing
RNA-mediated posttranscriptional gene silencing
RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing
positive regulation of chromosome organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization.
positive regulation of chromosome organisation
positive regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of maintenance of genome integrity
positive regulation of nuclear genome maintenance
A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway in which regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) elicit silencing of specific target genes. miRNAs are endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate protein production by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA (often mRNA) or mRNA translational repression, usually accompanied by poly-A tail shortening and subsequent degradation of the mRNA. miRNAs are present in all the animals and in plants, whereas siRNAs are present in lower animals and in plants.
obsolete regulation of histone H3-K36 trimethylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K36 trimethylation.
A process leading to the generation of a functional miRNA. Includes the cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein, or by increasing the degradation of non-protein-coding RNA transcripts.
gene silencing by miRNA, production of miRNAs
microRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of microRNAs
miRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of miRNAs
production of microRNAs involved in gene silencing by microRNA
production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA
positive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ammonia assimilation cycle.
positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process via glutamine and ammonia
positive regulation of glutamate metabolism via glutamine and ammonia
Binding to a small interfering RNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from double stranded RNA (dsRNA) by an RNAse enzyme.
negative regulation of chromosome organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization.
negative regulation of chromosome organisation
negative regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of maintenance of genome integrity
negative regulation of nuclear genome maintenance
Binding to a microRNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from a stem-loop RNA precursor (pre-miRNA) that is encoded within plant and animal genomes.
regulation of ammonia assimilation cycle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ammonia assimilation cycle.
regulation of glutamate metabolic process via glutamine and ammonia
regulation of glutamate metabolism via glutamine and ammonia
The specific avoidance actions or reactions of an organism in response to the perception of salt.
negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ammonia assimilation cycle.
negative regulation of glutamate metabolic process via glutamine and ammonia
negative regulation of glutamate metabolism via glutamine and ammonia
leg disc anterior/posterior pattern formation
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the leg imaginal disc.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.
leg disc anterior/posterior lineage restriction
Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments of the leg disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.
lysobisphosphatidic acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a lysobisphosphatidic acid. A lysobisphosphatidic acid is a lysophosphatidic acid having the unusual property of a phosphodiester moiety linked to positions sn-1 and sn1' of glycerol; and two additional fatty acids esterified to the glycerol head group.
bis(monoacylglycerol) hydrogen phosphate (BMP) metabolic process
bis(monoacylglycerol) hydrogen phosphate (BMP) metabolism
bis(monoacylglycerol) hydrogen phosphate metabolic process
bis(monoacylglycerol) hydrogen phosphate metabolism
tracheal pit formation in open tracheal system
Formation of the tracheal pits, the first tube-like structures to form in the open tracheal system. Once cells are determined to their tracheal cell fate, the tracheal pits arise by invagination of each ectodermal cluster of tracheal placode cells, between 5 and 7 hours after egg laying. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.
regulation of lamellocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.
negative regulation of lamellocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.
downregulation of lamellocyte differentiation
down regulation of lamellocyte differentiation
down-regulation of lamellocyte differentiation
inhibition of lamellocyte differentiation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoxin B4. Lipoxin B4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (14R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (6E)- (8Z)-, (10E)- and (12E)-double bonds.
positive regulation of lamellocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.
activation of lamellocyte differentiation
stimulation of lamellocyte differentiation
upregulation of lamellocyte differentiation
up regulation of lamellocyte differentiation
up-regulation of lamellocyte differentiation
xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a xanthone-containing compound.
xanthone-containing compound biosynthesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
regulation of arthropod blood cell proliferation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoxin B4. Lipoxin B4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (14R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (6E)- (8Z)-, (10E)- and (12E)-double bonds.
negative regulation of hemocyte proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
downregulation of hemocyte proliferation
down regulation of hemocyte proliferation
down-regulation of hemocyte proliferation
negative regulation of arthropod blood cell proliferation
xanthone-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xanthone-containing compound.
positive regulation of hemocyte proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) that are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
positive regulation of arthropod blood cell proliferation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoxin A4. Lipoxin A4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pupa is a dormant life stage interposed between the larval and the adult stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoxin A4. Lipoxin A4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prepupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prepupal stage is a life stage interposed between the larval and the pupal stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis. The start of the pre-pupal stage is marked by pupariation, and the end is marked by pupation.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a lipoxin. A lipoxin is a non-classic eicosanoid and signalling molecule that has four conjugated double bonds and is derived from arachidonic acid.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a spermathecum, a sperm storage organ, are generated and organized. Paired spermathecae lie at the anterior end of the insect uterus on the dorsal side. Each spermatheca consists of an oval shaped capsule, connected to the uterus by a spermathecal stalk.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lipoxin. A lipoxin is a non-classic eicosanoid and signalling molecule that has four conjugated double bonds and is derived from arachidonic acid.
cell competition in a multicellular organism
Competitive interactions within multicellular organisms between cell populations that differ in growth rates, leading to the elimination of the slowest-growing cells.
N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine, a methyl-L-arginine having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.
N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine metabolism
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the clypeo-labral disc over time, from its formation to the metamorphosis to form adult structures. The clypeo-labral disc develops into the labrum, anterior cibarial plate, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite.
development of structures derived from the clypeo-labral disc
N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine, a methyl-L-arginine having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.
N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine breakdown
N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine catabolism
N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine degradation
Progression of the eye-antennal imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps.
N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine.
Progression of the genital imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult terminalia, comprising the entire set of internal and external genitalia and analia. Both sexes of Drosophila have a single genital disc formed from the female and male genital primordia, and the anal primordium. The anal primordium develops in both sexes, forming either male or female analia. However, only one of the genital primordia develops in each sex, forming either the male or the female genitalia.
N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine.
Progression of the haltere imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A.
Progression of the labial imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including parts of the proboscis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A.
Progression of the leg imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of codeine, an alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album. Codeine has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties.
Progression of the prothoracic disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult humerous and anterior spiracle.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A.
Progression of the wing disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hydroperoxide.
The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in the genital imaginal disc.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving codeine, an alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album. Codeine has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties.
The process giving rise to the pattern of cell differentiation in the wing imaginal disc.
positive regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of caveolin-mediated endocytosis.
positive regulation of caveolae-dependent endocytosis
positive regulation of caveolae-mediated endocytosis
positive regulation of caveolin-dependent endocytosis
The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the leg imaginal disc.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipid X, 2,3-diacylglucosamine 1-phosphate.
2,3-Bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate metabolic process
2,3-Bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate metabolism
2,3-Bis(beta-hydoroxymyristoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate metabolic process
2,3-Bis(beta-hydoroxymyristoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate metabolism
2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-1-O-phosphono-alpha-D-glucopyranose metabolic process
2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-1-O-phosphono-alpha-D-glucopyranose metabolism
genital disc anterior/posterior pattern formation
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the genital disc. An anterior and posterior compartment form in each of the three genital disc primoridia (the female genital disc primordium, the male genital disc primordium and the anal primordium).
regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of caveolin-mediated endocytosis.
regulation of caveolae-dependent endocytosis
regulation of caveolae-mediated endocytosis
regulation of caveolin-dependent endocytosis
determination of genital disc primordium
Allocation of embryonic cells to the genital imaginal disc founder populations. Early in development at the blastoderm stage, the anlage of the genital disc of both sexes consists of three primordia: the female genital primoridum lcoated anteriorly, the anal primoridum located posteriorly, and the male gential primordium between the two.
negative regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of caveolin-mediated endocytosis.
negative regulation of caveolae-dependent endocytosis
negative regulation of caveolae-mediated endocytosis
negative regulation of caveolin-dependent endocytosis
glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit binding
Binding to the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of BMP secretion.
regulation of bone morphogenetic protein secretion
regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
Any process that modulates the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of BMP secretion.
negative regulation of BMP protein secretion
negative regulation of bone morphogenetic protein secretion
negative regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase.
downregulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
down regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
down-regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
negative regulation of muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a muscle cell towards a tendon cell in response to an external stimulus. For example, when the muscle cell arrives at the target tendon cell, migration is arrested so that attachments can be made between the cells.
negative regulation of muscle cell attraction
negative regulation of muscle cell chemotaxis towards tendon cell
positive regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase, typically by lowering its sensitivity to inhibition by glutathione and by increasing its affinity for glutamate.
activation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
stimulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
upregulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
up regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
up-regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
Roundabout signaling pathway involved in muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell
Any Roundabout signaling pathway that is involved in the directed movement of a muscle cell towards a tendon cell in response to an external stimulus.
ROBO/SLIT signaling pathway involved in muscle cell attraction
ROBO/SLIT signaling pathway involved in muscle cell chemotaxis towards tendon cell
ROBO/SLIT signaling pathway involved in muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell
ROBO signaling pathway involved in muscle cell attraction
ROBO signaling pathway involved in muscle cell chemotaxis towards tendon cell
ROBO signaling pathway involved in muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell
Roundabout signaling pathway involved in muscle cell attraction
Roundabout signaling pathway involved in muscle cell chemotaxis towards tendon cell
Roundabout signalling pathway involved in muscle cell attraction
Roundabout signalling pathway involved in muscle cell chemotaxis towards tendon cell
Roundabout signalling pathway involved in muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell
A long, thin, polarized cell projection that contains actin and can extend for distances many times the diameter of the cell. Cytonemes represent extensions of cell cytoplasm and typically have a diameter of approximately 0.2um.
positive regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of fatty acid desaturation
positive regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis
positive regulation of unsaturated fatty acid anabolism
positive regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis
positive regulation of unsaturated fatty acid formation
positive regulation of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis
Formation of a cytoneme, a long, thin and polarized actin-based cytoplasmic extension that projects from a cell.
regulation of muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell.
regulation of muscle cell chemotaxis towards tendon cell
The directed movement of a germ cell from their site of production to the gonad, through the attraction of cells towards their target.
The directed movement of a germ cell from their site of production to the gonad, through the repulsion of cells away from a tissue.
Programmed cell death of an errant germ line cell that is outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo.
programmed cell death, ectopic germ cells
programmed cell death of ectopic germ cells
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to a glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
ionotropic glutamate receptor signalling pathway
Combining with the neuropeptide proctolin, to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with the neuropeptide corazonin to initiate a change in cell activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid. Animals cannot synthesize vitamin A de novo, but form it through oxidative cleavage of carotenoids.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
Binding to dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter formed by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase from 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine.
protein-arginine omega-N monomethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the addition of a methyl group to either of the unmethylated terminal nitrogen atoms (also called omega nitrogen) in peptidyl-arginine to form an omega-N-G-monomethylated arginine residue. The reaction is S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [protein]-L-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [protein]-Nomega-methyl-L-arginine.
protein arginine omega-N monomethylase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:[protein]-L-arginine N-methyltransferase ([protein]-Nomega-methyl-L-arginine-forming)
type III protein arginine methyltransferase activity
protein-arginine omega-N asymmetric methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the addition of a second methyl group to methylated peptidyl-arginine. Methylation is on the same terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) residue that was previously methylated, resulting in asymmetrical peptidyl-N(omega),N(omega)-dimethylated arginine residues.
protein arginine omega-N asymmetric methylase activity
protein arginine omega-N asymmetric methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:[protein]-L-arginine N-methyltransferase ([protein]-Nomega,Nomega-dimethyl-L-arginine-forming)
type I protein arginine methyltransferase activity
protein-arginine omega-N symmetric methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the addition of a second methyl group to methylated peptidyl-arginine. Methylation is on the terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) residue that is not already methylated, resulting in symmetrical peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyled arginine residues.
protein arginine omega-N symmetric methylase activity
protein arginine omega-N symmetric methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:[protein]-L-arginine N-methyltransferase ([protein]-Nomega,Nomega'-dimethyl-L-arginine-forming)
type II protein arginine methyltransferase activity
protein-arginine C-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carbon atom of an arginine residue in a protein. This modification has been detected in anaerobic bacteria.
peptidyl arginine C-methyltransferase activity
peptidyl-arginine C-methyltransferase activity
obsolete peptidyl-arginine C-methylation
OBSOLETE. The addition of a methyl group onto a carbon atom of an arginine residue in a protein.
The addition of a methyl group onto a nitrogen atom of an arginine residue in a protein.
The addition of a methyl group onto a terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) atom of an arginine residue in a protein.
alpha-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an acceptor molecule, forming an alpha-1,4 linkage.
The vesicular release of glutamate from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glutamate receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose group from UDP-galactose to an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a xylosyl group from UDP-xylose to an acceptor molecule.
A cytoskeleton-like structure, originating from the basal body at the proximal end of a cilium, and extending proximally toward the cell nucleus. Rootlets are typically 80-100 nm in diameter and contain cross striae distributed at regular intervals of approximately 55-70 nm.
Binding to an ionotropic glutamate receptor. Ionotropic glutamate receptors bind glutamate and exert an effect through the regulation of ion channels.
G protein-coupled glutamate receptor binding
Binding to a G protein-coupled glutamate receptor (a metabotropic glutamate receptor).
G-protein coupled glutamate receptor binding
The chemical reactions and pathways involving kojic acid.
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one metabolic process
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one metabolism
Binding to a nuclear glucocorticoid receptor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of kojic acid.
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one anabolism
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthesis
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthetic process
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one formation
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one synthesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the internal genitalia are generated and organized. The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals.
UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose.
UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose breakdown
UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose catabolism
UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose degradation
The process in which the anatomical structures of the external genitalia are generated and organized. The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals.
UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose.
UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose anabolism
UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose biosynthesis
UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose formation
UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose synthesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the gonads are generated and organized. A gonad is an animal organ producing gametes, e.g. the testes or the ovary in mammals.
lysobisphosphatidic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lysobisphosphatidic acid. A lysobisphosphatidic acid is a lysophosphatidic acid having the unusual property of a phosphodiester moiety linked to positions sn-1 and sn1' of glycerol; and two additional fatty acids esterified to the glycerol head group.
bis(monoacylglycerol) hydrogen phosphate (BMP) anabolism
bis(monoacylglycerol) hydrogen phosphate (BMP) biosynthesis
bis(monoacylglycerol) hydrogen phosphate (BMP) biosynthetic process
bis(monoacylglycerol) hydrogen phosphate (BMP) formation
bis(monoacylglycerol) hydrogen phosphate (BMP) synthesis
bis(monoacylglycerol) hydrogen phosphate anabolism
bis(monoacylglycerol) hydrogen phosphate biosynthesis
bis(monoacylglycerol) hydrogen phosphate biosynthetic process
bis(monoacylglycerol) hydrogen phosphate formation
bis(monoacylglycerol) hydrogen phosphate synthesis
genital disc sexually dimorphic development
The sex-specific patterns of primoridia growth and differentiation in the genital imaginal disc. The anal primordium of the genital disc develops in both sexes, but depending on the genetic sex gives rise to either male or female analia. Depending on the genetic sex, only one of the two genital primordia develop. In females the female genital primordium develops and gives rise to the female genitalia whereas the male primordium is repressed. Conversely, in males the male genital primordium develops and gives rise to the male genitalia whereas the female genital primordium is repressed.
UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose.
UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose metabolism
The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth.
The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function.
The increase in size or mass of a meristem, a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation.
A complex having histone acetylase activity on chromatin, as well as ATPase, DNA helicase and structural DNA binding activities. The complex is thought to be involved in double-strand DNA break repair. Subunits of the human complex include HTATIP/TIP60, TRRAP, RUVBL1, BUVBL2, beta-actin and BAF53/ACTL6A. In yeast, the complex has 13 subunits, including the catalytic subunit Esa1 (homologous to human Tip60).
The addition of a mannose residue to a protein acceptor molecule.
The transfer of mannose from dolichyl activated mannose to the hydroxyl group of a seryl or threonyl residue of a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage.
protein amino acid O-linked mannosylation
Progression of the endocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The endocrine system is a system of hormones and ductless glands, where the glands release hormones directly into the blood, lymph or other intercellular fluid, and the hormones circulate within the body to affect distant organs. The major glands that make up the human endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathryoids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive glands which include the ovaries and testes.
Progression of the ring gland over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The ring gland is a neuroendocrine organ found in higher Dipterans, which is composed of the prothoracic gland, the corpus allatum, and the corpora cardiacum. The ring gland is the site of production and release of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones.
Progression of the exocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The exocrine system is a system of hormones and glands, where the glands secrete straight to a target site via ducts or tubes. The human exocrine system includes the salivary glands, sweat glands and many glands of the digestive system.
Binding to a phthalate, any ester or salt of phthalic acid.
Binding to diphenyl phthalate, C(20)H(14)O(4).
Binding to dibutyl phthalate, C(16)H(22)O(4).
spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system
The process in which the anatomical structures of a spiracle are generated and organized. Spiracles are the openings in the insect open tracheal system; externally they connect to the epidermis and internally they connect to the tracheal trunk.
miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation
An RNA interference pathway in which microRNAs (miRNAs) block the translation of target mRNAs into proteins. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a miRNA will typically mediate repression of translation if the miRNA imperfectly base-pairs with the 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs.
downregulation of translation involved in gene silencing by miRNA
down regulation of translation involved in gene silencing by miRNA
down-regulation of translation involved in gene silencing by miRNA
gene silencing by miRNA, negative regulation of translation
inhibition of translation involved in gene silencing by miRNA
miRNA-mediated gene silencing, negative regulation of translation
miRNA mediated inhibition of translation
negative regulation of translation involved in gene silencing by microRNA
miRNA-mediated gene silencing by mRNA destabilization
An RNA interference pathway in which microRNAs (miRNAs) direct the cleavage of target mRNAs. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a miRNA base pairing with near-perfect complementarity to the target mRNA will typically direct targeted endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA. Many plant miRNAs downregulate gene expression through this mechanism.
deadenylation involved in gene silencing by miRNA
miRNA-mediated gene silencing, mRNA cleavage
miRNA-mediated gene silencing by mRNA deadenylation
mRNA cleavage involved in gene silencing by microRNA
mRNA cleavage involved in gene silencing by miRNA
mRNA deadenylation-mediated gene silencing by miRNA
mRNA destabilization-mediated gene silencing by miRNA
Transport of pre-microRNAs (pre-miRNAs) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Pre-miRNAs are a ~60-70 nucleotide stem loop intermediate in miRNA production, produced by the nuclear cleavage of a primary miRNA (pri-mRNA) transcript. Pre-miRNAs are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where further cleavage occurs to produce a mature miRNA product.
pre-microRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
The regionalization process that divides an organism or part of an organism into a series of semi-repetitive parts, or segments, often arranged along a longitudinal axis.
Division of the central nervous system into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.
Division of the brain into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.
Division of an appendage, an organ or part that is attached to the main body of an organism, into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. Most arthropod appendages, such as the legs and antennae, are visibly segmented.
OBSOLETE. Division of a leg into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. Most arthropod appendages are visibly segmented; the Drosophila leg for example has nine segments, each separated from the next by a flexible joint.
Partitioning the insect head anlage into a fixed number of segmental units. The number of segments composing the insect head has long been a subject of debate, but it is generally agreed that there are 6 or 7 segments. From anterior to posterior the head segments are the procephalic segments (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) and the gnathal segments (mandibular, maxillary and labial).
Partitioning the insect head anlage into procephalic (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) segments. The procephalic segments lie anterior to the gnathal (posterior head) segments, and are pattered by different segmentation gene cascades to the abdominal, thoracic and posterior head (gnathal) segments.
Partitioning the posterior region of the insect head anlage into gnathal (mandibular, maxillary and labial) segments. Unlike the anterior head (procephalic) segments, formation of the posterior head (gnathal) segments occurs by a similar mechanism to trunk segmentation, where a cascade of gap genes, pair-rule genes and segment-polarity genes subdivide the embryo into progressively smaller domains.
Partitioning of the blastoderm embryo into trunk segmental units. In Drosophila, the trunk segments include thoracic segments and abdominal segments A1 to A8.
specification of segmental identity, intercalary segment
The specification of the characteristic structures of the intercalary segment of the anterior head, following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
specification of segmental identity, trunk
The specification of the characteristic structures of trunk segments, following establishment of segment boundaries. In Drosophila, the trunk segments include thoracic segments and abdominal segments A1 to A8. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
chitin-based larval cuticle pattern formation
The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the chitin-based larval cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
Allocation of embryonic cells to the wing disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of a wing imaginal disc.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts.
Any process that modulates the diameter of a tube.
regulation of Malpighian tubule diameter
Ensuring that the Malpighian tubule is the correct width. Malpighian tubules have a uniform circumference along their length; the circumference of the tubes is eight cells during the time the cells are dividing, after which the cells rearrange producting tubes with a cirumference of two cells.
Ensuring that a Malpighian tubule is the correct length and diameter.
inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-phosphotransferase activity
inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase activity
inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase activity
obsolete inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, and ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate.
A multiprotein complex that binds microtubules in a Hedgehog-dependent manner, and is required for signal transduction by members of the Hedgehog family of proteins. The core components of the complex are the serine/threonine protein kinase Fused, the kinesin motor protein Costal2 (Cos2), and a zinc finger transcription factor (Gli family members in humans, and Cubitus interruptus (Ci) in Drosophila).
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 25. Ecdysteroids are a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development, particularly metamorphosis, in insects and other arthropods.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.
regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
negative regulation of dephosphorylation
Any process the stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.
positive regulation of dephosphorylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.
positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.
activation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
positive regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
stimulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
upregulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
up regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
up-regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
negative regulation of protein dephosphorylation
Any process the stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.
downregulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
down regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
down-regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
inhibition of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
negative regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
The regionalization process that subdivides the wing imaginal disc into the wing and notum (body wall) subfields, thus determining whether cells ultimately differentiate wing or notum-specific structures.
The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a notum cell, if left in its normal environment.
The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a wing cell, if left in its normal environment.
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of a DNA molecule.
wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous epidermis.
Formation of hardened covering (a scab) at a wound site. The scab has multiple functions including limiting blood loss, providing structural stability to the wound and guarding against infection.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of non-sensory hairs. These hairs are polarized cellular extensions that cover much of the insect epidermis.
non-sensory hair organization and biogenesis
imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an imaginal disc-derived wing hair. A wing hair is an actin-rich, polarized, non-sensory apical projection that protrudes from each of the approximately 30,000 wing epithelial cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization and biogenesis
wing trichome organization and biogenesis
imaginal disc-derived wing hair outgrowth
Extrusion of a cellular projection from the apical membrane of an epithelial cell in an imaginal disc-derived wing. Outgrowth initiates approximately 35 hours after puparium formation from the distal side of the cell, and at this stage the cellular extension is termed a prehair.
imaginal disc-derived wing hair elongation
Growth of a prehair in the approximately 10 hour period following its emergence from an epidermal cell in an imaginal disc-derived wing. Prehair elongation is guided and/or driven by the polymerization of actin filaments and the orderly crosslinking of filaments into bundles.
imaginal disc-derived wing hair site selection
Determination of the site in the cell of an imaginal disc-derived wing at which a prehair initiates outgrowth. Restriction of prehair initiation to the distalmost part of a cell is essential to ensure that each wing epithelial cell produces one adult hair that points distally.
maintenance of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation
Ensuring that hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing continue to point distally during development, following the initial establishment of wing hair polarity.
mesenchymal cell migration involved in limb bud formation
The orderly movement of a mesenchymal cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of a limb bud.
An intercellular bridge that connects the germline cells of a male cyst.
An intercellular bridge that connects the germline cells of a female cyst.
Binding to a Toll-like protein, a pattern recognition receptor that binds pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.
The series of molecular signals mediated by the serine/threonine kinase Hippo or one of its orthologs. In Drosophila, Hippo in complex with the scaffold protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts), which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) transcriptional activator. The core fly components hippo, sav, wts and mats are conserved in mammals as STK4/3 (MST1/2), SAV1/WW45, LATS1/2 and MOB1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.
negative regulation of hippo signaling cascade
negative regulation of hippo signaling pathway
negative regulation of hippo signalling cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.
positive regulation of hippo signaling cascade
positive regulation of hippo signaling pathway
positive regulation of hippo signalling cascade
Notch receptor processing, ligand-dependent
The proteolytic cleavages to the Notch protein that occur as a result of ligand binding. Ligand binding at the cell surface exposes an otherwise inaccessible cleavage site in the extracellular portion of Notch, which when cleaved releases a membrane-tethered form of the Notch intracellular domain. Subsequent cleavage within the transmembrane domain then leads to the release of the soluble Notch intracellular domain (NICD).
Notch receptor processing, ligand-independent
The proteolytic cleavages to the Notch protein that occur prior to ligand binding. A primary cleavage event within the extracellular domain whilst the Notch protein in still in the secretory pathway, leads to the transportation of a processed heterodimer to the cell surface.
The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-tyrosine to form peptidyl-tyrosine.
long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more.
long-chain fatty acyl CoA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.
long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more.
long-chain fatty acyl CoA biosynthetic process
A multiprotein complex at least composed of serine palmitoyltransferases and ORM proteins (known as ORMDL proteins in mammals and other higher vertebrates) that plays a key role in sphingolipid homeostasis.
serine palmitoyltransferase, Orm1/2, Tsc3 and Sac1 complex
The directed movement of the purine ribonucleoside inosine, also known as hypoxanthine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of inosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of hypoxanthine riboside transport
positive regulation of inosine transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of inosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of hypoxanthine riboside transport
negative regulation of inosine transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of inosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of hypoxanthine riboside transport
The directed movement of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxypurine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of hypoxanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of hypoxanthine transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of hypoxanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of 6-hydroxypurine transport
negative regulation of hypoxanthine transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of hypoxanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of 6-hydroxypurine transport
The process in which acetyl-CoA is transported across a membrane. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.
The process in which coenzyme A is transported across a membrane. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
The process in which flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is transported across a membrane. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.
The process in which heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is transported across a membrane; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
nicotinamide mononucleotide transmembrane transport
The process in which nicotinamide mononucleotide is transported across a membrane. Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a ribonucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of d-ribose. It is a constituent of NAD and NADP.
nicotinamide mononucleotide membrane transport
Toll-like receptor 1-Toll-like receptor 2 protein complex
A heterodimeric protein complex containing Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2).
toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 heterodimeric complex
Toll-like receptor 2-Toll-like receptor 6 protein complex
A heterodimeric protein complex containing Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6).
toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 heterodimeric complex
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of triglyceride within a cell.
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to any of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (alpha, beta or gamma) in the nuclear membrane, and ending with the initiation or termination of the transcription of target genes.
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signalling pathway
regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway
regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of PPAR signaling pathway
positive regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway.
positive regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of PPAR signaling pathway
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul8 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core. In S. cerevisiae, Mms1p acts as the adaptor protein and substrate specificity is conferred by any of a number of different proteins.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex, in which the complex is formed through interaction of the protein(s) with a interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in the DNA.
protein-DNA interferon-stimulated response element complex assembly
A nuclear body associated with the histone gene locus that is thought to contain all of the factors necessary for histone mRNA transcription and pre-mRNA processing. In Drosophila, U7 snRNP is located in the histone locus body rather than the distinct Cajal body.
The directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of thymine transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of 5-methyluracil transport
positive regulation of thymine transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of 5-methyluracil transport
selenocysteine insertion sequence binding
Binding to a selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS), a regulatory sequence within mRNA which directs incorporation of a selenocysteine at a stop codon (UGA) during translation.
An immunoglobulin-like complex that is present in at least the plasma membrane of pre-B cells, and that is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two surrogate light chains, each composed of the lambda-5 and VpreB proteins, and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
A heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex that catalyzes assembly of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains and is involved in NF-kappaB activation. In humans at least, the complex comprises the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC13 and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme variant 1A (UEV1A).
The growing (plus) end of a microtubule. In vitro, microtubules polymerize more quickly at the plus end than at the minus end. In vivo, microtubule growth occurs only at the plus end, and the plus end switches between periods of growth and shortening, a behavior known as dynamic instability.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a microtubule.
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan binding
Binding to a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing chondroitin sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit.
Binding to chondroitin sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan made up of two alternating monosaccharides: D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc).
Binding to a zymogen, an enzymatically inactive precursor of an enzyme that is often convertible to an active enzyme by proteolysis.
The directed movement of a sterol into a cell or organelle. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
The directed movement of water (H2O) from one side of an epithelium to the other.
The process in which carbon dioxide (CO2) is transported across a membrane.
carbon dioxide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of carbon dioxide (CO2) from one side of a membrane to the other.
very long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(P)+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+, where the acyl group is a very long-chain fatty acid residue. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.
very-long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
The process in which a sterol is transported across a membrane. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a thioester, a compound of general formula RC(=O)SR' in which the linking oxygen in an ester is replaced by a sulfur atom. They are the product of esterification between a carboxylic acid and a thiol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a thioester, a compound of general formula RC(=O)SR' in which the linking oxygen in an ester is replaced by a sulfur atom. They are the product of esterification between a carboxylic acid and a thiol.
The series of molecular signals initiated by a SLIT protein binding to a Roundabout (ROBO) family receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
regulation of Roundabout signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Roundabout signaling pathway.
regulation of Roundabout signalling pathway
negative regulation of Roundabout signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Roundabout signaling pathway.
negative regulation of Roundabout signalling pathway
positive regulation of Roundabout signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Roundabout signaling pathway.
positive regulation of Roundabout signalling pathway
obsolete maintenance of chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette
OBSOLETE. The maintenance of chromatin in a transcriptionally silent state such as heterochromatin at silent mating-type loci.
obsolete maintenance of chromatin silencing at telomere
OBSOLETE. The maintenance of chromatin in a transcriptionally silent state such as heterochromatin at the telomere.
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Monokine induced by gamma interferon production
regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9.
negative regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9.
positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9.
helper T cell enhancement of adaptive immune response
Positive regulation of an adaptive immune response mediated via cytokine production by helper T cell.
helper T cell enhancement of T cell mediated immune response
Positive regulation of a T cell mediated immune response mediated via cytokine production by a helper T cell.
helper T cell enhancement of T cell mediated immunity
helper T cell enhancement of B cell mediated immune response
Positive regulation of a B cell mediated immune response mediated via cytokine production by a helper T cell.
helper T cell enhancement of B cell mediated immunity
obsolete histone tyrosine kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a histone.
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-tyrosine (position 41) + ATP = histone H3-phosphotyrosine (position 41) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the tyrosine residue at position 41 of histone H3.
histone kinase activity (H3-Y41 specific)
histone tyrosine kinase activity (H3-Y41 specific)
histone-tyrosine kinase activity (H3-Y41 specific)
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-threonine (position 11) + ATP = histone H3-phosphothreonine (position 11) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the threonine residue at position 11 of histone H3.
histone kinase activity (H3-T11 specific)
histone threonine kinase activity (H3-T11 specific)
histone-threonine kinase activity (H3-T11 specific)
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-threonine (position 6) + ATP = histone H3-phosphothreonine (position 6) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the threonine residue at position 6 of histone H3.
histone kinase activity (H3-T6 specific)
histone threonine kinase activity (H3-T6 specific)
histone-threonine kinase activity (H3-T6 specific)
OBSOLETE. The modification of histones by addition of a phosphate group to a serine residue.
obsolete histone-threonine phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. The modification of histones by addition of a phosphate group to a threonine residue.
obsolete histone-tyrosine phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. The modification of histones by addition of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a threonine residue at position 11 of the histone.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a threonine residue at position 6 of the histone.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H3 by the addition of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue at position 41 of the histone.
dihydrotestosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone + NAD+ = 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione + NADH.
obsolete regulation of mitotic prometaphase
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic prometaphase, the stage following prophase in mitosis (in higher eukaryotes) during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region.
obsolete positive regulation of mitotic prometaphase
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic prometaphase, the stage following prophase in mitosis (in higher eukaryotes) during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region.
obsolete negative regulation of mitotic prometaphase
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitotic prometaphase, the stage following prophase in mitosis (in higher eukaryotes) during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.
obsolete activation of MAPK activity involved in innate immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase in the context of an innate immune response, a defense response mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
obsolete MAPK cascade involved in innate immune response
OBSOLETE. A MAPK cascade that contributes to an innate immune response, a defense response mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
obsolete activation of MAPKK activity involved in innate immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase in the context of an innate immune response, a defense response mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
obsolete activation of MAPKKK activity involved in innate immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase in the context of an innate immune response, a defense response mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
obsolete inactivation of MAPK activity involved in innate immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase in the context of an innate immune response, a defense response mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
obsolete MAPK import into nucleus involved in innate immune response
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus in the context of an innate immune response, a defense response mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
Signaling between cells of the same type. The signal produced by the signaling cell binds to a receptor on, and affects a cell of the same type.
Any process that mediates the transfer of information between the extracellular matrix and a cell.
The process in which gluconate is transported across a membrane. Gluconate is the aldonic acid derived from glucose.
regulation of gluconate transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a gluconate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of gluconate membrane transport
negative regulation of gluconate transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gluconate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of gluconate membrane transport
negative regulation of gluconate transport
positive regulation of gluconate transmembrane transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gluconate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of gluconate membrane transport
positive regulation of gluconate transport
The process in which acetate is transported across a membrane. Acetate is the 2-carbon carboxylic acid ethanoic acid.
The directed movement of copper cation across a membrane.
The process in which a phosphate is transported across a membrane.
triose phosphate transmembrane transport
The process in which triose phosphate (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) is transported across a membrane. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is any organic three carbon compound phosphate ester.
maintenance of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum
Any process in which a protein is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the endoplasmic reticulum, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the endoplasmic reticulum.
maintenance of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum
maintenance of protein localization in ER
maintenance of protein location in endoplasmic reticulum
retention of protein in endoplasmic reticulum
Binding to cyclic-di-GMP, cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate.
halimadienyl-diphosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate = halima-5(6),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.
halima-5(6),13-dien-15-yl-diphosphate lyase (cyclizing)
halimadienyl diphosphate synthase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tuberculosinol (halima-5,6,dien-15-ol), a secondary metabolite in Mycobacteria.
halima-5,6,dien-15-ol biosynthetic process
cell migration involved in vasculogenesis
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the differentiation of an endothelial cell that will form de novo blood vessels and tubes.
The directed movement of a dipeptide across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A dipeptide is a combination of two amino acids linked together by a peptide (-CO-NH-) bond.
The directed movement of a tripeptide across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A tripeptide is a compound containing three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
The directed movement of nickel (Ni) cations across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which borate is transported across a membrane. Borate is the anion (BO3)3-; boron is a group 13 element, with properties which are borderline between metals and non-metals.
cysteine-glucosaminylinositol ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside)-1D-myo-inositol + L-cysteine + ATP = 1-D-myo-inosityl-2-L-cysteinylamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+. 1-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside)-1D-myo-inositol is also known as glucosaminyl-inositol or GlcN-Ins, and 1-D-myo-inosityl-2-L-cysteinylamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as desacetylmycothiol or Cys-GlcN-Ins.
L-cysteine:1D-myo-inositol 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside ligase
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-D-myo-inosityl-2-L-cysteinylamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + acetyl-CoA = mycothiol + coenzyme A + H+. Mycothiol is also known as AcCys-GlcN-Ins and 1-D-myo-inosityl-2-L-cysteinylamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as Cys-GlcN-Ins or desacetylmycothiol.
acetyl-CoA:Cys-GlcN-Ins acetyltransferase
extrinsic component of thylakoid membrane
The component of a thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of plastid thylakoid membrane
The component of a plastid thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
peripheral to plastid thylakoid membrane
extrinsic component of lumenal side of plastid thylakoid membrane
The component of a plastid thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its lumenal surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic to lumenal leaflet of plastid thylakoid membrane
extrinsic to lumenal side of plastid thylakoid membrane
peripheral to lumenal side of plastid thylakoid membrane
extrinsic component of stromal side of plastid thylakoid membrane
The component of a plastid thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its stromal surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic to stromal leaflet of plastid thylakoid membrane
extrinsic to stromal side of plastid thylakoid membrane
peripheral to stromal side of plastid thylakoid membrane
The component of a plastid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of plastid inner membrane
The component of a plastid inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of stromal side of plastid inner membrane
The component of a plastid inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its stromal surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic to stromal leaflet of plastid inner membrane
extrinsic to stromal side of plastid inner membrane
peripheral to stromal side of plastid inner membrane
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon.
cellular response to leukocyte interferon
cellular response to lymphoblast interferon
cellular response to lymphoblastoid interferon
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.
cellular response to fibroblast interferon
The formation of a macromolecular complex between the coat proteins and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by a vesicle.
L-ascorbate 6-phosphate lactonase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate 6-phosphate + H2O = 3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate.
The process in which a vitamin is transported across a membrane. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
determination of left/right asymmetry in diencephalon
The establishment of the diencephalon with respect to the left and right halves.
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to determination of organismal asymmetry with respect to the left and right halves.
TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
TGFbeta receptor signalling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
TGF-beta receptor signalling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
regulation of transforming growth factor receptor beta signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway that is involved in the determination of organismal asymmetry with regard to its left and right halves.
regulation of TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
regulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
regulation of TGFbeta receptor signalling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
regulation of TGF-beta receptor signalling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
obsolete regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway that is involved in the determination of the lateral plate mesoderm with respect to its left and right halves.
determination of pancreatic left/right asymmetry
Determination of the asymmetric location of the pancreas with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.
positive regulation of vascular wound healing
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.
luteinizing hormone signaling pathway involved in ovarian follicle development
The series of molecular signals initiated by luteinizing hormone binding to a receptor, where the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that contribute to progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
luteinizing hormone signalling pathway involved in ovarian follicle development
choriogonadotropin hormone receptor activity
Combining with the choriogonadotropin hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
The segregation of angioblasts into discrete arterial and venous vessels from one common precursor vessel.
angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting
The directional migration of angioblast cells as part of selective angioblast sprouting, which results in angioblast segregation into arterial and venous populations.
The orderly movement of angioblasts, cells involved in blood vessel morphogenesis.
regulation of angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting.
Binding to a chylomicron, a large lipoprotein particle (diameter 75-1200 nm) composed of a central core of triglycerides and cholesterol surrounded by a protein-phospholipid coating. The proteins include one molecule of apolipoprotein B-48 and may include a variety of apolipoproteins, including APOAs, APOCs and APOE.
angioblast cell migration from lateral mesoderm to midline
The directed movement of angioblasts from the lateral mesoderm to the midline which occurs as part of the formation of the early midline vasculature.
regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.
regulation of Notch signalling pathway involved in heart induction
positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.
positive regulation of Notch signalling pathway involved in heart induction
The spontaneous peristaltic movements of the stomach that aid in digestion, moving food through the stomach and out through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum.
The process in which the liquid and liquid-suspended solid contents of the stomach exit through the pylorus into the duodenum.
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing an A/A mispair.
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing an A/G mispair.
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a C/C mispair.
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a T/T mispair.
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a C/T mispair.
Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a G/G mispair.
regulation of leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response.
positive regulation of leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response.
negative regulation of leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a SNARE complex, a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
The disaggregation of the SNARE protein complex into its constituent components. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of disassembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
lipopolysaccharide-1,5-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,5 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.
Binding to a cyclic AMP response element (CRE), a short palindrome-containing sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to cyclic AMP.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine).
Binding to a MH2 (MAD homology 2) protein domain. The MH2 domain is found at the carboxy-terminus of MAD related proteins such as Smads. The MH2 domain mediates interaction with a wide variety of proteins and provides specificity and selectivity to Smad function and also is critical for mediating interactions in Smad oligomers.
Binding to a MH1 (MAD homology 1) protein domain. The MH1 domain is found at the amino terminus of MAD related proteins such as Smads and can mediate DNA binding in some proteins. Smads also use the MH1 domain to interact with some transcription factors.
metanephric part of ureteric bud development
The development of the portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros.
The development of the portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter.
regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myosin light chain kinase activity.
positive regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myosin light chain kinase activity.
negative regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myosin light chain kinase activity.
regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.
positive regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.
negative regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.
The removal of an alkyl group from one or more nucleotides within an DNA molecule.
OBSOLETE. Removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within a DNA molecule involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.
OBSOLETE. The hydrolytic removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within a DNA molecule.
The removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule involving oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from one or more nucleosides within a DNA molecule.
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from one or more nucleosides within a RNA molecule involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.
2-oxoglutarate-dependent RNA demethylase
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated nucleobase within DNA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a nucleobase within DNA + formaldehyde + succinate + CO2.
2-oxoglutarate-dependent DNA demethylase
A multimeric protein complex that removes monoubiquitin from histone H2A. In Drosophila and mammals, the core of the complex is composed of Calypso/BAP1 and Asx/ASXL1, respectively.
Polycomb repressive deubiquitinase complex
The modification of histone H2A by addition of a single ubiquitin group.
A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 29 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K29-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.
monoubiquitinated protein deubiquitination
The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated protein.
monoubiquitinated protein deubiquitinylation
monoubiquitinated protein deubiquitylation
monoubiquitinated histone deubiquitination
The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated histone protein.
monoubiquitinated histone deubiquitinylation
monoubiquitinated histone deubiquitylation
monoubiquitinated histone H2A deubiquitination
The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated histone H2A protein.
monoubiquitinated histone H2A deubiquitinylation
monoubiquitinated histone H2A deubiquitylation
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K29-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 29 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
The directed movement of proline, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A heterodimer of NF-kappa B p50 and p65 subunits.
retrograde transport, plasma membrane to Golgi
The directed movement of substances from the plasma membrane back to the trans-Golgi network, mediated by vesicles.
3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+ = 3-oxopropanoate + H+ + NADPH.
3-hydroxypropanoate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
3-hydroxypropanoate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
3-hydroxypropionate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
obsolete UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis involved in chitin biosynthesis
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate, that contribute to the biosynthesis of chitin.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H2O = AMP + NMNH + 2 H+.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6).
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 secretion
regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 secretion
negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6).
negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 secretion
positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6).
positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 secretion
Binding to a carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to carbohydrates, such as the triglyceride synthesis genes.
8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine-triphosphate (8-oxo-dGTP) + H2O = 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine phosphate (8-oxo-dGMP) + diphosphate. 8-oxo-dGTP is the oxidised form of the free guanine nucleotide and can act as a potent mutagenic substrate for DNA synthesis causing transversion mutations. 8-oxo-dGTPase hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGTP to its monophosphate form to prevent the misincorporation of 8-oxo-dGTP into cellular DNA.
8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase activity
8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine triphosphatase activity
8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-deoxyguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity
8-oxo-dGTP pyrophosphohydrolase activity
positive regulation of SNARE complex disassembly
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of disassembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
negative regulation of SNARE complex disassembly
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of disassembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
positive regulation of SNARE complex assembly
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
negative regulation of SNARE complex assembly
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
determination of left/right asymmetry in nervous system
The establishment of the nervous system with respect to the left and right halves.
A multiprotein nickel-containing complex that possesses urease activity (catalysis of the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide).
protein initiator methionine removal involved in protein maturation
Removal of the initiating methionine or formylmethionine residue from a protein that contributes to protein maturation, the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
oxidative single-stranded DNA demethylation
Removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within a single-stranded DNA molecule involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.
oxidative single-stranded RNA demethylation
Removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within a single-stranded RNA molecule involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.
termination of Roundabout signal transduction
The signaling process in which signaling from the receptor ROBO is brought to an end, rather than being reversibly modulated.
obsolete initiation of Roundabout signal transduction
OBSOLETE. The process in which a SLIT protein causes activation of the receptor, Roundabout (ROBO).
The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.
intracellular signal transduction pathway
signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade
signal transmission via intracellular cascade
obsolete intracellular signal transduction involved in cell surface receptor linked signaling
OBSOLETE. The process in which a signal is passed on from a receptor at the cell surface to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.
obsolete phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade involved in insulin receptor signaling
OBSOLETE. The process in which a signal is passed from the insulin receptor to components of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) cascade, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.
obsolete MAPKKK cascade involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling
OBSOLETE. The process in which a signal is passed from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to components of the MAPKKK cascade, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.
Catalysis of the reaction: pheophorbide a + H2O = pyropheophorbide a + methanol + CO2. The reaction occurs in two steps; pheophoridase catalyzes the conversion of pheophorbide a to a precursor of pyropheophorbide a, C-13(2)-carboxylpyropheophorbide a, by demethylation, and then the precursor is decarboxylated non-enzymatically to yield pyropheophorbide a.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
negative regulation of chromatin binding
Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
positive regulation of chromatin binding
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
Any process that modulates the size of a kidney.
Any process that modulates the size of a pronephric kidney.
Any process that modulates the size of a metanephric kidney.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin.
beta-catenin-independent Wnt receptor signaling pathway
non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway
non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway
non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway
The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins.
obsolete N-terminal peptidyl-proline trimethylation
OBSOLETE. The trimethylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N,N,N-trimethylproline.
The methylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins.
N-terminal peptidyl-serine monomethylation
The monomethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N-methylserine.
N-terminal peptidyl-serine dimethylation
The dimethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethylserine.
N-terminal peptidyl-serine trimethylation
The trimethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N,N,N-trimethylserine.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H4 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 20 of the histone.
Catalysis of the removal of the methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 20 of the histone H4 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.
histone demethylase activity (H4K20-specific)
histone demethylase activity (H4-K20 specific)
histone H4-methyl-lysine-20 demethylase activity
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in pronephric field specification
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in regions of the embryo being delineated into the area in which the pronephric kidney will develop.
retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway involved in pronephric field specification
The lipid bilayer surrounding an azurophil granule, a primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes that contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of an azurophil granule, a primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes that contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a specific granule, a granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of a specific granule, a granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.
sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor
The process of binding or confining an extracellular signaling ligand, such that the ligand is unable to bind to its cell surface receptor.
extracellular sequestering of receptor ligand
negative regulation of protein bioavailability
sequestering of BMP in extracellular matrix
Confining a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) to the extracellular matrix (ECM), such that it is separated from other components of the signaling pathway, including its cell surface receptor. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted as homodimers, non-covalently associated with N-terminal pro-peptides, and are targeted to the extracellular matrix through interaction with matrix proteins.
negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway by extracellular sequestering of BMP
negative regulation of BMP signalling pathway by extracellular matrix sequestering of BMP
negative regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway by extracellular matrix sequestering of bone morphogenetic protein
sequestering of TGFbeta in extracellular matrix
Confining TGFbeta to the extracellular matrix (ECM) such that it is separated from other components of the signaling pathway, including its cell surface receptor. TGFbeta is secreted as part of a latent complex that is targeted to the extracellular matrix through latent-TGFbeta-binding protein (LTBP)-mediated association with matrix proteins.
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway by extracellular matrix sequestering of TGFbeta
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway by extracellular matrix sequestering of TGFbeta
sequestering of TGFbeta large latency complex in extracellular matrix
sequestering of TGFbeta LLC in extracellular matrix
calcium-mediated signaling using intracellular calcium source
The series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions released from an intracellular store to convert a signal into a response.
calcium-mediated signalling using intracellular calcium source
calcium signaling using intracellular calcium source
calcium signalling using intracellular calcium source
calcium-mediated signaling using extracellular calcium source
The series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions imported from an extracellular source to convert a signal into a response.
calcium-mediated signalling using extracellular calcium source
calcium signaling using extracellular calcium source
calcium signalling using extracellular calcium source
G protein-coupled purinergic receptor signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an extracellular purine or purine derivative binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
G-protein coupled purinergic receptor signaling pathway
G-protein coupled purinergic receptor signalling pathway
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an extracellular purine nucleotide binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
G-protein coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway
G-protein coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signalling pathway
purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular purine nucleotide binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
purinergic nucleotide receptor signalling pathway
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules in a signaling pathway, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Adaptor molecules themselves do not have catalytic activity.
establishment of protein localization to extracellular region
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location within the extracellular region.
establishment of protein localisation in extracellular region
establishment of protein localization in extracellular region
positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by establishment of Wnt protein localization to extracellular region
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway by the directed movement of a Wnt protein within the extracellular region.
positive regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway by establishment of Wnt protein localization to extracellular region
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway by establishment of Wnt protein localisation in extracellular region
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway by establishment of Wnt protein localization in extracellular region
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway by establishment of Wnt protein localization to extracellular region
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway by establishment of Wnt protein localization in extracellular region
positive regulation of Wnt signaling range
Binding to a ganglioside, a ceramide oligosaccharide carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.
N-acetylglucosaminylinositol deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + acetate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an acetyl group from N-acetylglucosaminylinositol.
1-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-1D-myo-inositol acetylhydrolase activity
1D-myo-inositol 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside deacetylase activity
N-acetyl-1D-myo-inositol-2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the addition of a methylthioether group (-SCH3) to a nucleic acid or protein acceptor.
N6-isopentenyladenosine methylthiotransferase activity
Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) at the C2 of the adenosine ring of N6-isopentenyladenosine (i6A) in tRNA, to form 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenosine (ms2i6A).
N6-threonylcarbomyladenosine methylthiotransferase activity
Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) at the C2 of the adenosine ring of N6-threonylcarbomyladenosine (t6A) in tRNA, to form 2-methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms2t6A).
aspartic acid methylthiotransferase activity
Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) of the beta-carbon of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid.
The addition of a methylthioether group (-SCH3) to a nucleotide in a tRNA molecule.
The removal of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, from a protein amino acid.
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
FGF receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptosis in bone marrow
FGFR signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptosis in bone marrow
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptosis in bone marrow
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in hemopoiesis
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to hemopoiesis.
FGF receptor signaling pathway involved in hematopoiesis
FGFR signaling pathway involved in hematopoiesis
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in hematopoiesis
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in hemopoiesis
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.
FGF receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow
FGFR signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow
peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a nitric oxide (NO) group to a sulphur atom within a cysteine residue of a protein.
Transfer of a nitric oxide (NO) group from one cysteine residue to another.
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in orbitofrontal cortex development
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to the progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state.
FGF receptor signaling pathway involved in orbitofrontal cortex development
FGFR signaling pathway involved in orbitofrontal cortex development
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in orbitofrontal cortex development
The removal of a glutamate residue from a protein. Glutamate residues in proteins can be gene-encoded, or added as side chains during the protein modification process of polyglutamylation.
The removal of a C-terminal, gene-encoded glutamate residue from a protein.
protein primary sequence deglutamylation
The removal of a glutamate residue from the side chain of a protein. Glutamate side chains are added to glutamic acid residues within the primary protein sequence during polyglutamylation.
removal of posttranslational polyglutamylation
The removal of a branching point glutamate residue. A branching point glutamate connects a glutamate side chain to a gene-encoded glutamate residue.
Binding to an AP-2 adaptor complex. The AP-2 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).
Binding to a stem-loop in an RNA molecule. An RNA stem-loop is a secondary RNA structure consisting of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) stem and a terminal loop.
Binding to a stem-loop in a small nuclear RNA (snRNA). An RNA stem-loop is a secondary RNA structure consisting of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) stem and a terminal loop.
Bringing together a cargo protein with clathrin, responsible for the formation of endocytic vesicles.
histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine deubiquitination
A histone deubiquitination process in which a ubiquitin monomer is removed from a conserved lysine residue in the C-terminus of histone H2B. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, or K120 in mammals.
The disaggregation of a stress granule into its constituent protein and RNA parts.
A long, thin projection from a root epidermal cell that contains F-actin and tubulin, and a cell wall.
The tip portion of an outgrowth of a root epidermal cell.
The directed movement of a ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi. Ceramides are a class of lipid composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid.
endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi ceramide transport
The progression of the intrahepatic bile ducts over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Intrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts within the liver) collect bile from bile canaliculi in the liver, and connect to the extrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts outside the liver).
A renal system process in which glucose is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
The process in which a receptor is activated by another receptor. Receptor transactivation can occur through different mechanisms and includes cross-talk between signaling pathways where one receptor activates a receptor for a different ligand, and also activation of subunits within a receptor oligomer.
obsolete epidermal growth factor-activated receptor transactivation by G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
OBSOLETE. The process in which an epidermal growth factor-activated receptor is activated via signaling events from a consequence of a G protein-coupled . This is an example of cross-talk between the EGF and GPCR signaling pathways.
juvenile hormone mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a juvenile hormone binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
juvenile hormone-mediated signaling pathway
juvenile hormone mediated signalling pathway
The directed movement of ceramides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ceramides are a class of lipid composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid.
The progression of the cystic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cystic duct runs from the gallbladder to the common bile duct.
N-terminal protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation
Addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit via a nitrogen (N) atom of the N-terminal amino acid of a protein.
bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
The deposition of hydroxyapatite, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.
A protein complex that contains at least CD40 (a cell surface receptor of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily), and other signaling molecules.
A complex composed of two proteins, prohibitin 1 and prohibitin 2 (PHB1/PHB-1 and PHB2/PHB-2) that is highly conserved amongst eukaryotes and associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The mitochondrial prohibitin complex is a macromolecular supercomplex composed of repeating heterodimeric subunits of PHB1 and PHB2. The mitochondrial prohibitin complex plays a role in a number of biological processes, including mitochondrial biogenesis and function, development, replicative senescence, and cell death.
mitochondrial inner membrane prohibitin complex
Maintaining the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier, thus ensuring specific regulated transport of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into the brain, and out of the brain into the blood circulation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to a stilbenoid. Stilbenoids are secondary products of heartwood formation in trees that can act as phytoalexins. Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene. They belong to the family of phenylpropanoids and share most of their biosynthesis pathway with chalcones.
The process in which a bacterium enters a host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The transfer of information between living organisms.
obsolete multicellular organismal signaling
OBSOLETE. The transfer of information occurring at the level of a multicellular organism.
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding
Binding to a purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
The specific behavior of an organism in response to a novel environment or stimulus.
The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to a novel environment.
histone H3R17 methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 17) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 17). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 17 of histone H3.
histone-arginine N-methyltransferase activity (H3-R17 specific)
histone-H3R17 methyltransferase activity
histone methylase activity (H3-R17 specific)
histone methyltransferase activity (H3-R17 specific)
Combining with L-DOPA to initiate a change in cell activity. L-DOPA is the modified amino acid (2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid, and is the precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine.
L-beta-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine receptor activity
The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphorylated anandamide.
enteric smooth muscle cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell of the intestine.
intestinal smooth muscle cell differentiation
The directed movement of substances from endosomes to the melanosome, a specialised lysosome-related organelle.
3-oxo-delta(4,5)-steroid 5-beta-reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-delta-4,5-steroid + NADPH + H+ = a 5-beta-3-oxo-steroid + NADP+.
The fluctuation in mating behavior that occurs over an approximately 24 hour cycle.
A complex that functions in transcription termination of RNA polymerase II transcribed non-coding RNAs. This complex interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of PolII and the terminator sequences in the nascent RNA transcript. In yeast this complex consists of Nrd1p, Nab3p, and Sen1p.
Binding to an AP-1 adaptor complex. The AP-1 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta1, gamma, mu1 and sigma1 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle. In at least humans, the AP-1 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (gamma1 and gamma2, mu1A and mu1B, and sigma1A, sigma1B and sigma1C).
Binding to an AP-3 adaptor complex. The AP-3 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta3, delta, mu3 and sigma3 subunits and is found associated with endosomal membranes. In at least humans, the AP-3 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (beta3A and beta3B, mu3A and mu3B, and sigma3A and sigma3B).
Formation of a macromolecular complex between the cytoplasmic coat proteins on clathrin-coated vesicles and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by a vesicle.
cargo loading into clathrin-coated vesicle
clathrin-coated vesicle cargo loading, AP-1-mediated
Formation of a macromolecular complex between proteins of the AP-1 adaptor complex and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by a clathrin-coated vesicle. The AP-1 adaptor protein complex is a component of the cytoplasmic coat found on clathrin-coated vesicles, and binds to sorting signals of cargo to facilitate their trafficking.
cargo loading into clathrin-coated vesicle, AP-1-mediated
clathrin-coated vesicle cargo loading, AP-3-mediated
Formation of a macromolecular complex between proteins of the AP-3 adaptor complex and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by a clathrin-coated vesicle. In some cases, the AP-3 complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that, in some organisms, links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle.
cargo loading into clathrin-coated vesicle, AP-3-mediated
interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-18 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-18-mediated signalling pathway
obsolete kinesin-associated melanosomal adaptor activity
OBSOLETE. The activity of linking kinesins, cytoplasmic proteins responsible for moving vesicles and organelles towards the distal end of microtubules, to melanosomes.
A protein complex required for the methylation of a glutamine (Gln) residue in the protein release factor eRF1. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least Trm112p and Mtq2p.
A protein complex that functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and converts Rab-GDP to Rab-GTP. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least Mon1 and Ccz1, and serves as a GEF for the Rab Ypt7p.
Wnt signaling pathway involved in wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of a target cell in the epidermis that contributes to the migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap to reestablish a continuous epidermis.
Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like 4 receptor, where the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.
MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway
MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like 2 receptor where the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 2 receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bind microbial pattern motifs to initiate an innate immune response.
MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor 2 signalling pathway
Binding to a Toll-like 4 protein, a pattern recognition receptor that binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.
Binding to a Toll-like 2 protein, a pattern recognition receptor that binds microbial pattern motifs to initiate an innate immune response.
TIRAP-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like receptor where the TIRAP/MAL adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.
MAL-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
MyD88 adapter-like dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
TIRAP-dependent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
TIRAP-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like receptor 4 where the TIRAP/MAL adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.
MAL-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
MyD88 adapter-like dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
TIRAP-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway
TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like receptor where the TRIF adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.
Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor-dependent TLR signaling pathway
TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like 4 receptor where the TRIF adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.
Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway
TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway
TRAM-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like receptor where the TRAM adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.
TRAM-dependent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
TRAM-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like receptor 4 where the TRAM adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.
TRAM-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an ovary that produces an ovule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovary is the enlarged basal portion of a carpel and matures into a fruit. An ovule is the multicellular structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells, and develops into a seed.
Catalysis of the reaction: an enone + NADPH + H+ = a ketone + NADP+.
The process in which an oligopeptide is transported across a membrane. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of oligopeptides from one side of a membrane to the other. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
tricarboxylic acid transmembrane transport
The process in which a tricarboxylic acid is transported across a membrane.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.
anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell morphogenesis
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.
posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell morphogenesis
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 15.
toll-like receptor 15 signalling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 21.
toll-like receptor 21 signalling pathway
The migration of a memory T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. A memory T cell is a distinctly differentiated long-lived T cell that has the phenotype CD45RO-positive and CD127-positive.
The migration of a helper T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. A helper T-cell is an effector T cell that provides help in the form of secreted cytokines to other immune cells.
The passage of a helper T cell between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation.
A cytoskeletal structure surrounding the axoneme and outer dense fibers of the sperm flagellum. Consists of two longitudinal columns connected by closely arrayed semicircular ribs that assemble from distal to proximal throughout spermiogenesis. The fibrous sheath probably influences the degree of flexibility, plane of flagellar motion, and the shape of the flagellar beat.
The migration of a T-helper 1 cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. A T-helper 1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma.
The passage of a T-helper 1 cell between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation. A T-helper 1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by chemokine CCL5 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 signalling pathway
macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by macrophage migration inhibitory factor binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
macrophage migration inhibitory factor signalling pathway
macrophage migration inhibitory factor receptor complex
A protein complex that binds macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Comprises CD74 and CD44 cell surface proteins.
A protein complex comprising nitric oxide synthase 2 and CD74. This stable complex formation is thought to prevent CD74 degradation by caspases.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mitochondrial protein. This process is necessary to maintain the healthy state of mitochondria and is thought to occur via the induction of an intramitochondrial lysosome-like organelle that acts to eliminate the damaged oxidised mitochondrial proteins without destroying the mitochondrial structure.
degradation of damaged mitochondrial protein
The process in which cells degrade mitochondria by inducing a vacuole-like structure which directly engulfs and degrades the unhealthy mitochondria by accumulating lysosomes.
The migration of a monocyte from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation
The migration of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation
The migration of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
The migration of a T-helper 17 cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
The directed movement of an astrocyte guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
The orderly movement of a hematopoietic stem cell from one site to another. A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system.
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of monocytes such that the total number of monocytes within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
The movement of a monocyte from the bone marrow to the blood stream.
The directed movement of a helper T cell in response to an external stimulus.
The directed movement of a T-helper 17 cell in response to an external stimulus.
The directed movement of a T-helper 1 cell in response to an external stimulus.
The directed movement of a T-helper 2 cell in response to an external stimulus.
interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes
The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to IgE biosynthesis, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and IgE constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, that is dependent on the activity of interleukin 4 (IL-4).
IL-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes
The change in morphology and behavior of a memory T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation
The change in morphology and behavior of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
The change in morphology and behavior of a T-helper 1 cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
The change in morphology and behavior of a T helper 2 cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stimulus.
Binding to chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2.
Binding to chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 12.
Binding to chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7.
macrophage migration inhibitory factor binding
Binding to the cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
The directed movement of tRNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
The directed movement of large protein complexes along microtubules from the cell body toward the tip of a cilium (also called flagellum), mediated by motor proteins.
The directed movement of large protein complexes along microtubules from the tip of a cilium (also called flagellum) toward the cell body, mediated by motor proteins.
interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-12 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-12-mediated signalling pathway
interleukin-15-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-15 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-15-mediated signalling pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD24, a CD marker and cell adhesion molecule that occurs on many B-lineage cells and mature granulocytes, and is involved in B cell activation and differentiation as well as T cell co-stimulation.
A process in which a sodium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
common myeloid progenitor cell proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of common myeloid progenitor cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A common myeloid progenitor cell is a progenitor cell committed to the myeloid lineage.
Binding to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a phospholipid derivative that acts as a potent mitogen due to its activation of high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.
response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus
cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.
Binding to S-nitrosoglutathione, a nitrosothiol considered to be a natural nitric oxide (NO) donor involved in S-nitrosylation, and in the storage and transport of nitric oxide in biological systems.
Binding to a dinitrosyl-iron complex. Nitric oxide (NO) is stored as dinitrosyl-iron complexes, which form spontaneously from Glutathione (GSH), S-nitrosoglutathione, and trace amounts of ferrous ions, or by reaction of iron-sulfur centers with NO.
dinitrosyl-diglutathionyl-iron complex binding
The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide is stored in the form of dinitrosyl-iron complexes, which are stabilized, and possibly sequestered, by binding to glutathione S-transferase proteins.
A change in the morphology or behavior of a hepatic stellate cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, hormone, cellular ligand or soluble factor.
intraciliary transport involved in cilium assembly
The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium that contributes to cilium assembly.
intraciliary transport involved in cilium morphogenesis
intraflagellar transport involved in cilium morphogenesis
cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to compound eye morphogenesis.
obsolete injection of substance in to other organism
OBSOLETE. The process of forcing a substance into another organism, either by penetrating the skin of the other organism or by applying the substance externally to a sensitive tissue such as those that surround the eyes.
envenomation resulting in modulation of process in another organism
The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the manifestation of some change or damage to the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in modification of morphology or physiology of other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of process in other organism
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
The expansion of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
The expansion of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
The expansion of an activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
The expansion of an activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell cytokine production
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T-helper 1 cell.
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T-helper 2 cell.
The appearance of granzyme A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The directed movement of a natural killer cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
The region of the myelin sheath furthest from the axon.
The region of the myelin sheath nearest to the axon.
protein localization to myelin sheath abaxonal region
Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, the abaxonal region of the myelin sheath. The abaxonal region is the region of the myelin sheath furthest from the axon.
protein localisation to myelin sheath abaxonal region
Any process that modulates the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
Any process that increases the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
maintenance of DNA trinucleotide repeats
Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA trinucleotide repeats. DNA trinucleotide repeats are naturally occurring runs of three base-pairs.
The directed movement of a B cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of cardiolipin (1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol), releasing phosphatidic acid (PA).
transepithelial migration of symbiont in host
The directional movement of an organism from one side of an epithelium to the other within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
migration in host through an epithelial cell layer
migration of symbiont within host by transepithelial trafficking
Binding to chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19.
Binding to chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21.
The binding of a mesangial cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules. A mesangial cell is a cell that encapsulates the capillaries and venules in the kidney.
cytoplasmic polyadenylation-dependent rRNA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the cytoplasm and resulting in the breakdown of a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target rRNA truncated degradation intermediate.
cytoplasmic poly(A)-dependent rRNA catabolic process
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve maturation
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve to attain its fully functional state.
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve morphogenesis
The process in which the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve structural organisation
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve formation
The process that gives rise to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
motor neuron precursor migration involved in dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve formation
The orderly movement of a motor neuron precursor cell that contributes to formation of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve.
cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor
The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF).
The directed movement of an endothelial cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor
The directed movement of an endothelial cell in response to the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF).
B cell chemotaxis across high endothelial venule
The movement of a B cell to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus.
B-cell chemotaxis across high endothelial venule
A non-membranous macromolecular complex containing proteins and translationally silenced mRNAs. RNA granules contain proteins that control the localization, stability, and translation of their RNA cargo. Different types of RNA granules (RGs) exist, depending on the cell type and cellular conditions.
interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-4 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-4-mediated signalling pathway
interleukin-13-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-13 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-13-mediated signalling pathway
insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus
The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules (B granules) in the B cells of the pancreas; accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin, in response to a glucose stimulus.
insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose
positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose.
positive regulation of insulin secretion in response to glucose
The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment.
The progression of the pronephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.
pronephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the pronephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an angioblast cell. Angioblasts are one of the two products formed from hemangioblast cells (the other being pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells).
angioblastic mesenchymal cell differentiation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD80, a CD marker that occurs on antigen presenting cells such as activated B cells and monocytes that provides a co-stimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation and survival.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD86, a CD marker that occurs on antigen presenting cells that provides co-stimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival.
The directed movement of a mature natural killer cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). A mature natural killer cell is a natural killer cell that is developmentally mature and expresses a variety of inhibitory and activating receptors that recognize MHC class and other stress related molecules.
activated natural killer cell chemotaxis
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation
The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell costimulation
obsolete obsolete nickel cation homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of nickel cations within an organism or cell.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nickel ions within a cell.
cell migration involved in kidney development
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature organ.
cell migration involved in metanephros development
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the progression of the metanephric kidney over time, from its formation to the mature organ.
cell migration involved in metanephric kidney development
The orderly movement of undifferentiated metanephric mesenchymal cells (precursors to metanephric mesangial cells) from the mesenchyme into the cleft of the developing glomerulus, during development of the metanephros.
platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated a ligand binding to an alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFalpha) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signalling pathway
platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand to a beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFbeta) on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signalling pathway
A postsynaptic membrane that is part of a host cell. A postsynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters transmit the signal across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic membrane.
positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration resulting from the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.
positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by betaPDGF receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by PDGFR-beta signaling pathway
positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by PDGF receptor-beta signaling pathway
positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signalling pathway
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.
mitochondrial membrane permeability transition
positive regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane
negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.
mitochondrial membrane impermeabilization
negative regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, transmembrane substrate-binding subunit-containing
A complex for the transport of metabolites into the cell, consisting of 4 subunits: a transmembrane substrate-binding protein (known as the S component), and an energy-coupling module that comprises two ATP-binding proteins (known as the A and A' components) and a transmembrane protein (known as the T component). Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, ECF-type
energy coupling factor (ECF)-type ABC transporter
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to tellurite [TeO3(2-)]. Methylated derivatives of tellurite include Te(CH3)2 (dimethyltelluride) and Te2(CH3)2 (dimethylditelluride).
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent tellurite methyltransferase activity
SAM-dependent tellurite methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: n-alkanal + NADP+ = alk-2-enal + NADPH + H+.
NADPH:2-alkenal alpha,beta-hydrogenase activity
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the ureter to attain its fully functional state. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut.
Binds to and increases the activity of a deubiquitinase.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The adrenal cortex is located at the periphery of the adrenal gland and controls glucose and electrolyte metabolism, response to stress and sexual development through the production of different classes of steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens).
The process that gives rise to the adrenal cortex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The adrenogonadal primordium from which the adrenal cortex is formed derives from a condensation of coelomic epithelial cells (the urogenital ridge; the same structure from which gonads and kidney also originate).
Construction of an egg coat, a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an egg coat. An egg coat is a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development.
structural constituent of vitelline envelope
structural constituent of zona pellucida
A specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the plasma membrane of the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development.
modulation of blood coagulation in another organism
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in another organism. Blood coagulation is the sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot.
modulation by organism of blood clotting in other organism
modulation by organism of blood coagulation in other organism
modulation of blood coagulation in other organism
regulation by organism of blood clotting in other organism
regulation of blood clotting in other organism
regulation of blood coagulation in other organism
positive regulation of blood coagulation in another organism
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in another organism. Blood coagulation is the sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot.
positive regulation by organism of blood clotting in other organism
positive regulation by organism of blood coagulation in other organism
positive regulation of blood clotting in other organism
positive regulation of blood coagulation in other organism
meiotic recombination initiation complex
A protein complex that initiates the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) required for meiotic recombination. Consists of a protein that catalyses formation of the double-strand breaks (Spo11 in S. cerevisiae and Rec12 in S. pombe), and a number of accessory proteins.
Any process that modulates the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.
Any process that increases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.
Any process that decreases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.
The elimination of sodium ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.
Any process that modulates the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.
negative regulation of renal sodium excretion
Any process that decreases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.
positive regulation of renal sodium excretion
Any process that increases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.
obsolete renal water absorption involved in negative regulation of urine volume
OBSOLETE. Any process where water is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron, which acts to decrease the amount of urine that is excreted from the body per unit time.
renal sodium ion absorption involved in negative regulation of renal sodium excretion
Any process where sodium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron, which contributes to decreasing the amount of sodium that is excreted in urine per unit time.
positive regulation of urine volume by pressure natriuresis
An increase in the amount of urine excreted over a unit of time, as a result of pressure natriuresis.
diuresis resulting from pressure natriuresis
positive regulation of renal sodium excretion by pressure natriuresis
An increase in the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time, as a result of pressure natriuresis.
natriuresis resulting from pressure natriuresis
negative regulation of renal sodium excretion by angiotensin
The process in which angiotensin decreases the amount of sodium that is excreted in urine over a unit of time.
modulation of process of another organism
The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of another organism.
modification of morphology or physiology of other organism
regulation of morphology of other organism
regulation of morphology or physiology of other organism
regulation of physiological process of other organism
regulation of physiology of other organism
A DNA recombination process that results in the unidirectional transfer of genetic material from a donor sequence to a highly homologous acceptor. The resulting acceptor sequence is identical to that of the donor.
A gene conversion process in which a segment of about 50-200 base pairs is transferred from the donor to the acceptor.
A gene conversion process in which a segment of more than 1000 base pairs is transferred from the donor to the acceptor.
A DNA recombination process that results in the exchange of an equal amount of genetic material between highly homologous DNA molecules.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of rubidium ions (Rb+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
obsolete rubidium ion transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of rubidium ions (Rb+) from one side of a membrane to the other.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of rubidium ions (Rb+) by the kidney.
OBSOLETE. A renal system process in which rubidium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving palmatine, a berberine alkaloid found in many plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of palmatine, a berberine alkaloid found in many plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving berbamunine, an isoquinoline alkaloid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of berbamunine, an isoquinoline alkaloid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an ergot alkaloid, an indole alkaloid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an ergot alkaloid.
The region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell, where polarized growth occurs.
A cell tip at which no growth takes place. For example, in fission yeast the cell end newly formed by cell division does not grow immediately upon its formation, and lacks actin cytoskeletal structures.
A cell tip which has existed for at least one complete cell cycle, and at which polarized growth occurs. For example, in fission yeast the cell end that existed prior to cell division grows immediately after division, and contains a distinctive complement of proteins including actin cytoskeletal structures.
A cell tip that was newly formed at the last cell division, and that has started to grow after the cell has activated bipolar cell growth (i.e. in which new end take-off, NETO, has taken place). New end take-off is when monopolar cells initiate bipolar growth.
new cell tip after activation of bipolar cell growth
old cell tip after activation of bipolar cell growth
A cell tip which has existed for at least one complete cell cycle, and at which polarized growth occurs, which is part of a cell that has activated bipolar cell growth (i.e. in which new end take-off, NETO, has taken place). For example, in fission yeast the cell end that existed prior to cell division grows immediately after division, and contains a distinctive complement of proteins including actin cytoskeletal structures.
A membrane-bound structure present in the nucleus of a spermatozoon. There is variation in the number of endonuclear canals between sperm of different organisms, and some species lack these structures altogether. The endonuclear canal may provide a supporting role for the sperm nucleus, and originates during spermiogenesis from an invagination of the nuclear envelope.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cloaca over time, from it's formation to the mature structure. The cloaca is the common chamber into which intestinal, genital and urinary canals open in vertebrates.
photoreceptor cell outer segment organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer segment of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. The outer segment of the photoreceptor cell contains the light-absorbing materials.
photoreceptor cell outer segment organisation
photoreceptor outer segment organization
The progression of the oviduct epithelium over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism. The oviduct epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the oviduct.
The progression of an epithelium of the uterus over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
The process in which anatomical structures of the oviduct are generated and organized. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism.
The process in which the nephric duct grows along its axis. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.
epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an epithelial cell that characterize the cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
Binding to a Krueppel-associated box (KRAB) domain of a protein. The approximately 75 amino acid KRAB domain is enriched in charged amino acids, and is found in the N-terminal regions of many zinc finger-containing transcription factors.
Any process in which a horizontal cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina. A horizontal cell is a neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina. Targeting of retinal neurons to the appropriate lamina is vital to establish the architecture of the retina.
laminar positioning of retinal horizontal cell
chromosome passenger complex localization to spindle midzone
A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a chromosome passenger complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the spindle midzone. A chromosome passenger complex is a protein complex that contains the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin, and coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. The spindle midzone is the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.
chromosomal passenger complex localization to spindle midzone
chromosome passenger complex localisation to spindle midzone
chromosome passenger complex localization to central spindle
chromosome passenger complex localization to spindle equator
CPC complex localization to spindle midzone
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a eosinophil cell. A eosinophil is any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow.
The process involved in the specification of identity of an eosinophil cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an eosinophil cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
A GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In S. cerevisiae the complex contains Seh1p, Sec13p, Npr2p, Npr3p, Iml1p, Mtc5p, Rtc1p, and Sea4p.
glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor.
glial cell derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway
glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway
A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dITP (deoxyinosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate). dITP is a deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.
2'-Deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate metabolic process
2'-Deoxyinosine-5'-triphosphate metabolic process
deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate metabolic process
deoxyinosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate) metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dITP, a deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.
2'-Deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate catabolic process
2'-Deoxyinosine-5'-triphosphate catabolic process
deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate catabolic process
deoxyinosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate) catabolic process
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to protein kinase C alpha.
alphav-beta3 integrin-protein kinase C alpha complex
alphav-beta3 integrin-IGF-1-IGF1R complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R). IGF1R is a heterotetramer that consists of two alpha-subunits and two beta-subunits.
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to high mobility group box 1 protein.
alphav-beta3 integrin-high mobility group box 1 complex
A region of the cilium between the basal body and proximal segment that is characterized by Y-shaped assemblages that connect axonemal microtubules to the ciliary membrane. The ciliary transition zone appears to function as a gate that controls ciliary membrane composition and separates the cytosol from the ciliary plasm.
Catalysis of the reaction: dITP + H2O = dIMP + H+ + diphosphate.
2'-deoxyinosine-5'-triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase activity
deoxyinosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K11-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. NLRs are cytoplasmic receptors defined by their tripartite domain architecture that contains: a variable C-terminus, a middle nucleotide-binding domain, and a LRR domain that is variable in the repeats composition and number.
nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signalling pathway
nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signal transduction
nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signal transduction pathway
nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway
The process in which lactate is transported across a membrane. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.
cellular response to copper ion starvation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of copper ions.
maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric
The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the centromeric region is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a meiotic cell cycle.
maintenance of centromeric meiotic sister chromatin cohesion
maintenance of meiotic sister chromatin cohesion at centromere
maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at centromere at meiosis I
maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms
The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the chromosome arms, is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a meiotic cell cycle.
maintenance of meiotic sister chromatin cohesion along arms
maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion along arms at meiosis I
Binding to a DED domain (death effector domain) of a protein, a homotypic protein interaction module composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices that is related in structure to the death domain (DD).
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nail over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nail is a horn-like envelope covering the outer end of a finger or toe, and consists of the nail plate, the nail matrix and the nail bed below it, and the grooves surrounding it.
The directed movement of lactate across a plasma membrane.
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of a nail plate are generated and organized. The nail plate is the hard and translucent portion of the nail, composed of keratin, and serves to protect the tips of digits.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amacrine cell, an interneuron generated in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the vertebrate retina. Amacrine cells integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. Amacrine cells lack large axons.
The rhythmic process of defecation that consists of an intestinal oscillator which regulates calcium waves. These waves in turn control a stereotypical, three-part pattern of muscle contractions. In some organisms, defecation can recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours. For example, in a well-fed Caenorhabditis elegans, the defecation motor program occurs approximately every 45 seconds, and is temperature- and touch-compensated.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an enteroendocrine cell. Enteroendocrine cells are hormonally active epithelial cells in the gut that constitute the diffuse neuroendocrine system.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal 1,4-beta-linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins. Typically, exochitinases progressively cleave off two subunits from the reducing or non-reducing ends of the chitin chain.
vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vascular smooth muscle cell.
vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell surrounding the aorta.
Catalysis of the reaction: isoguanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3.
The attachment of a developing otolith to the kinocilia of tether cells in the inner ear.
The movement of an organism out of a cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation of platelet aggregation in another organism
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in another organism. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.
modulation by organism of platelet aggregation in other organism
modulation of platelet aggregation in other organism
regulation of platelet aggregation in other organism
negative regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in a second organism.
downregulation of platelet aggregation in other organism
down-regulation of platelet aggregation in other organism
inhibition of platelet aggregation in other organism
negative regulation of platelet aggregation in other organism
suppression of platelet aggregation in other organism
positive regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in another organism.
positive regulation of platelet aggregation in other organism
upregulation of platelet aggregation in other organism
up-regulation of platelet aggregation in other organism
modulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood mast cell degranulation in another organism. Mast cell degranulation is the regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.
modulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism
regulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism
positive regulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism
Any process in which an organism increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood mast cell degranulation in another organism.
positive regulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism
upregulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism
up-regulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the hydrolysis of proteins in another organism by cleavage of their peptide bonds.
The regulated release of parathyroid hormone into the circulatory system.
negative regulation of blood coagulation in another organism
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in another organism. Blood coagulation is the sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot.
downregulation of blood coagulation in other organism
down-regulation of blood coagulation in other organism
inhibition of blood coagulation in other organism
negative regulation of blood clotting in other organism
negative regulation of blood coagulation in other organism
suppression of blood coagulation in other organism
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lack of contact with other members of the same species.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lack of contact with other members of the same species.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.
cellular response to immobilization stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.
cellular response to immobilisation stress
The progression of the aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.
The progression of the ascending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.
The progression of the descending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.
The progression of the dorsal aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.
The progression of the ventral aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.
The process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the ascending aorta are generated and organized. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the descending aorta are generated and organized. The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal aorta are generated and organized. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the ventral aorta are generated and organized. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle.
pore formation in membrane of another organism
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components by an organism to form a pore complex in a membrane of another organism.
pore complex biogenesis in other organism
pore formation in membrane of other organism
modulation of calcium channel activity in another organism
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a calcium channel in another organism.
modulation of calcium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of calcium channel activity in another organism
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a calcium channel in another organism.
downregulation of calcium channel activity in other organism
down-regulation of calcium channel activity in other organism
inhibition of calcium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of calcium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
downregulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism
down-regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism
inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of voltage-dependent calcium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of voltage gated calcium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of voltage-sensitive calcium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A low voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on low voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
downregulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism
down-regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism
inhibition of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of low voltage-dependent calcium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of low voltage gated calcium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A high voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on high voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
downregulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism
down-regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism
inhibition of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of high voltage-dependent calcium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of high voltage gated calcium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism
The controlled breakdown of a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.
The morphogenetic process in which the foramen ovale closes after birth, to prevent blood flow between the right and left atria. In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. Closure of the foramen ovale after birth stops this blood flow.
2-(2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl])propanoic acid binding
cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.
cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor
Binding to a region containing frequent adenine and uridine bases within the 3' untranslated region of a mRNA molecule or in pre-mRNA intron. The ARE-binding element consensus is UUAUUUAUU. ARE-binding proteins control the stability and/or translation of mRNAs.
adenylate/uridylate-rich element binding
mRNA 3'-UTR adenylate/uridylate-rich element binding
The process in which a rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid, is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.
cytoplasmic RNA import into mitochondrion
nuclear-encoded RNA import into mitochondrion
The process in which a rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid, transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.
cytoplasmic rRNA import into mitochondrion
nuclear-encoded rRNA import into mitochondrion
The regulated release of any steroid that acts as a hormone into the circulatory system.
The regulated release of any corticosteroid hormone into the circulatory system.
The regulated release of any mineralocorticoid into the circulatory system. Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate water and electrolyte metabolism.
The regulated release of aldosterone into the circulatory system. Aldosterone is a pregnane-based steroid hormone produced by the outer-section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland, and acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to cause the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, increased water retention, and increased blood pressure. The overall effect of aldosterone is to increase reabsorption of ions and water in the kidney.
The regulated release of any glucocorticoid hormone into the circulatory system. Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood.
The regulated release of corticosterone into the circulatory system. Corticosterone is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands.
The regulated release of an androgen into the circulatory system. Androgens are steroid hormones that stimulate or control the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates.
The regulated release of testosterone into the circulatory system. Testosterone is an androgen having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4-C-5.
The regulated release of estrogen into the circulatory system. Estrogen is a steroid hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of female sex characteristics in mammals.
The regulated release of estradiol into the circulatory system.
Binding to a microsatellite, a repeat_region in DNA containing repeat units (2 to 4 base pairs) that is repeated multiple times in tandem.
obsolete negative regulation of peptidase activity in other organism
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein, in a second organism.
The regulated release of androstenedione (androst-4-ene-3,17-dione) into the circulatory system.
The regulated release of dehydroepiandrosterone (3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one) into the circulatory system.
3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one secretion
The regulated release of estrone into the circulatory system.
3-hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one secretion
The appearance of a perforin protein due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs) within the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial aberrant ncRNA catabolic process
mitochondrial non-coding RNA surveillance
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading messenger RNA (mRNA) within the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial aberrant RNA catabolic process
mitochondrial messenger RNA surveillance
obsolete regulation of gluconeogenesis by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis, by regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete positive regulation of gluconeogenesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete positive regulation of gluconeogenesis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete regulation of oligopeptide transport by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligopeptide transport, by regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete positive regulation of oligopeptide transport by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligopeptide transport by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete negative regulation of oligopeptide transport by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligopeptide transport by stopping, preventing or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete regulation of dipeptide transport by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transport, by regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete positive regulation of dipeptide transport by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transport by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete negative regulation of dipeptide transport by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transport by stopping, preventing or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete regulation of starch catabolic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of starch, by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete positive regulation of starch catabolic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of starch, by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete regulation of glyoxylate cycle by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the glyoxylate cycle by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete positive regulation of glyoxylate cycle by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the glyoxylate cycle by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ergosterol biosynthetic process by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete positive regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ergosterol biosynthesis by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-13 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-13 stimulus.
The evagination of a Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a COPI-coated vesicle.
Remodeling the acyl chains of premature (de novo synthesized) cardiolipin (1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol), through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate mature cardiolipin containing high-levels of unsaturated fatty acids.
response to topologically incorrect protein
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure.
response to misfolded or unfolded protein
cellular response to topologically incorrect protein
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure.
cellular response to misfolded or unfolded protein
obsolete regulation of sterol import by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import, by regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete positive regulation of sterol import by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine to form peptidyl-threonine.
The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-histidine to form peptidyl-histidine.
Selective degradation of protein aggregates by macroautophagy.
The microtubule organizing center that forms as part of the meiotic cell cycle; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.
A heterodimeric transcription factor complex composed of proteins from the c-Fos, c-Jun, activating transcription factor (ATF) or JDP families. The subunits contain a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain that is essential for dimerization and DNA binding. Jun-Fos heterodimers bind preferentially to a heptamer consensus sequence (TPA responsive element (TRE)), whereas Jun-ATF dimers bind the cyclic AMP responsive element (CRE) to regulate transcription of target genes.
protein deglycosylation involved in glycoprotein catabolic process
The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein that contributes to the breakdown of a glycoprotein.
obsolete histone H2A-S139 phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 139 of the histone.
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2AX-serine (position 139) + ATP = histone H2AX-phosphoserine (position 139) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 139 of histone variant H2AX.
histone kinase activity (H2A.x-S139 specific)
histone kinase activity (H2A-S139 specific)
obsolete invasive growth in response to nitrogen limitation
OBSOLETE. The growth of colonies in filamentous chains of cells as a result of a reduced availability of nitrogen.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a tongue muscle cell.
obsolete age-dependent behavioral decline
OBSOLETE. A developmental process that arises as an organism progresses toward the end of its lifespan that results in a decline in behavioral activities such as locomotory behavior, and learning or memory.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichostatin A stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichostatin A stimulus.
senescence-associated heterochromatin focus
A transcriptionally-silent heterochromatin structure present in senescent cells. Contains the condensed chromatin of one chromosome and is enriched for histone modifications. Thought to repress expression of proliferation-promoting genes.
senescence-associated heterochromatin foci
obsolete senescence-associated heterochromatin focus assembly
OBSOLETE. The assembly of chromatin into senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF), transcriptionally-silent heterochromatin structures present in senescent cells, containing the condensed chromatin of one chromosome, and enriched for histone modifications. Formation of these chromatin structures is thought to repress expression of proliferation-promoting genes.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an endoderm cell, a cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo.
The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon is a fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or integument and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons and muscles work together to exert a pulling force.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a tendon cell. Tendon cell are elongated fibrocytes in which the cytoplasm is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon. Tendon cells have a central cell nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, and are responsible for synthesis and turnover of tendon fibres and ground substance.
Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of nitric oxide (NO).
The process that gives rise to a tendon. This process pertains to the initial formation of a tendon from unspecified parts.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the deltoid tuberosity over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The deltoid tuberosity is the region on the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches. The deltoid tuberosity develops through endochondral ossification in a two-phase process; an initiating tendon-dependent phase, and a muscle-dependent growth phase.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a myofibril being extended beyond its slack length.
The series of events by which a muscle stretch stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a rhabdomere.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus of a rhabdomere.
7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate.
7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate anabolism
7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate biosynthesis
7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate formation
7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways by which one-carbon (C1) units are transferred between tetrahydrofolate molecules, to synthesise other tetrahydrofolate molecules.
A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, in the pellicle of ciliate protozoans that discharges a mucus-like secretion.
'de novo' pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from simpler components.
'de novo' pyridoxal 5'-phosphate anabolism
'de novo' pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis
'de novo' pyridoxal 5'-phosphate formation
'de novo' pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthesis
'de novo' pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process
Binding to a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein that may contain introns and, at least in part, encodes one or more proteins. Introns are removed from pre-mRNA to form a mRNA molecule.
protein-coding primary transcript binding
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
A body present in the cytoplasm of some dinoflagellates, which is the source of bioluminescence; emits light on acidification in the presence of oxygen.
sucrose catabolic process to fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, which proceeds by phosphorylation of sucrose to form sucrose-6-phosphate. The subsequent actions of a hydrolase and a fructokinase generate fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate.
protein-glutamine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-glutamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein N-methyl-L-glutamine.
protein glutamine N-methyltransferase activity
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an endosome.
Division of an imaginal disc-derived leg into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. The Drosophila leg, for example, has nine segments, each separated from the next by a flexible joint.
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the cyanelle envelope; also faces the cyanelle stroma.
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the cyanelle envelope.
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the cyanelle envelope; includes the peptidoglycan layer.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-3 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-3 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythropoietin stimulus. Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythropoietin stimulus.
An transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome, and in which active degradation takes place.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an endolysosome. An endolysosome is a transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endolysosome. An endolysosome is a transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb joint are generated and organized. A limb joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a limb to allow movement in a controlled manner.
embryonic skeletal limb joint morphogenesis
The process, occurring in the embryo, in which the anatomical structures of a skeletal limb joint are generated and organized. A skeletal limb joint is the connecting structure between the bones of a limb.
A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and transmembrane protease serine 7 (TMPRSS7); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of transmembrane protease serine 7.
plasma serine protease inhibitor-TMPRSS7 complex
protein C inhibitor-matriptase-3 complex
protein C inhibitor-transmembrane protease serine 7 complex
A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and transmembrane protease serine 11E (TMPRSS11E); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of transmembrane protease serine 11E.
plasma serine protease inhibitor-TMPRSS11E complex
protein C inhibitor-transmembrane protease serine 11E complex
A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator.
plasma serine protease inhibitor-PLAT complex
protein C inhibitor-tissue-type plasminogen activator complex
A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of urokinase-type plasminogen activator.
plasma serine protease inhibitor-PLAU complex
protein C inhibitor-U-plasminogen activator complex
protein C inhibitor-urokinase-type plasminogen activator complex
A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and thrombin (F2); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of thrombin.
plasma serine protease inhibitor-thrombin complex
protein C inhibitor-coagulation factor II complex
A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and prostate-specific antigen (KLK3); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of prostate-specific antigen.
plasma serine protease inhibitor-KLK3 complex
protein C inhibitor-kallikrein-3 complex
protein C inhibitor-prostate-specific antigen complex
protein C inhibitor-plasma kallikrein complex
A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and plasma kallikrein (KLK1B); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of plasma kallikrein.
plasma serine protease inhibitor-plasma kallikrein complex
recruitment of mRNA capping enzyme to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex
The process in which the guanylyltransferase enzyme responsible for adding a 7-methylguanosine cap on pre-mRNA becomes associated with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex and the 5' end of a transcript.
capping enzyme targeting to RNA polymerase II
recruitment of guanylyltransferase to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex
The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a neural crest cell physically separates from the rest of the neural tube.
Binding to a mediator complex. The mediator complex is a protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mediator complex. The mediator complex is a protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a osteoclast from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.
The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a cardiac neural crest cell physically separates from the rest of the neural tube.
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation
The change in morphology and behavior of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
A protein complex that is located at the ciliary transition zone and consists of several proteins some of which are membrane bound. Acts as an organiser of transition zone inner structure, specifically the Y-shaped links, in conjunction with the NPHP complex. The MKS complex also acts as part of the selective barrier that prevents diffusion of proteins between the ciliary cytoplasm and cellular cytoplasm as well as between the ciliary membrane and plasma membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the polyphenol, curcumin.
(1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione metabolic process
(1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the polyphenol, curcumin.
(1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione breakdown
(1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione catabolic process
(1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione catabolism
(1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione degradation
Binding to a long-chain fatty acid. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.
Binding to a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.
OBSOLETE. A dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell.
OBSOLETE. The modification of a protein amino acid by the addition of a malonyl (CO-CH2-CO) group.
OBSOLETE. The addition of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO) to peptidyl-lysine to form N6-malonyl-L-lysine.
The removal of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO), from an amino acid residue within a protein or peptide.
The process of removing a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO) from an malonylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.
The removal of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) from a residue in a peptide or protein.
The removal of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) from a succinylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.
The modification of a peptidyl-lysine residue by the addition of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) to form N6-succinyl-L-lysine.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the trailing edge. The trailing edge is the area of a motile cell opposite to the direction of movement.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a uropod. A uropod is a membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a migrating cell.
A large plasma membrane-lined circular pore that perforates the flattened glomerular endothelium and, unlike those of other fenestrated capillaries, is not spanned by diaphragms; the density and size of glomerular fenestrae account, at least in part, for the high permeability of the glomerular capillary wall to water and small solutes.
glomerular endothelial cell fenestration
protein-malonyllysine demalonylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protein-malonyllysine + H2O => protein-lysine + malonate. This reaction is the removal of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO) from a malonylated lysine residue of a protein or peptide.
peptidyl-malonyllysine demalonylase activity
protein malonyl lysine demalonylation activity
protein-succinyllysine desuccinylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(6)-succinyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-succinyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.
peptidyl-succinyllysine desuccinylase activity
A specialized cell-cell junction found between the cells of the excretory system, which provides a barrier for filtration of blood or hemolymph.
A specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a filtration diaphragm, a specialized cell-cell junction found between the cells of the excretory system, which provides a barrier for filtration of blood or hemolymph.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nephrocyte diaphragm, a specialized cell-cell junction found between nephrocytes of the insect kidney.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a slit diaphragm, specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration.
muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell
The directed movement of a muscle cell towards a tendon cell in response to an external stimulus. Tendon cells, for example, produce positive guidance cues that attract muscle cells.
muscle cell chemotaxis towards tendon cell
A region that surrounds the active zone of the presynaptic plasma membrane, and is specialized for the control of synaptic development.
A cone-shaped structure in the head of a spermatozoon, which is formed by the coalescence of Golgi fragments following the completion of meiosis. The acroblast is situated adjacent to the acrosomal vesicle.
A membrane-tethered, short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium (also called flagellum) that is similar in structure to a centriole and derives from it. The cilium basal body is the site of assembly and remodelling of the cilium and serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth. As well as anchoring the cilium, it is thought to provide a selective gateway regulating the entry of ciliary proteins and vesicles by intraflagellar transport.
The covalent attachment of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule.
The process of transferring a fucosyl group to a serine or threonine residues in a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage.
light-dependent chlorophyll biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors, which occur in the presence of light.
light-dependent chlorophyll biosynthesis
light dependent chlorophyll biosynthetic process
light-independent chlorophyll biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors, which occur in the absence of light.
light-independent chlorophyll biosynthesis
light independent chlorophyll biosynthetic process
light-dependent bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, which occur in the presence of light. Bacteriochlorophylls are any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria; they differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.
light-dependent bacteriochlorophyll anabolism
light-dependent bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis
light dependent bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process
light-dependent bacteriochlorophyll formation
light-dependent bacteriochlorophyll synthesis
light-independent bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, which occur in the absence of light. Bacteriochlorophylls are any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria; they differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.
light-independent bacteriochlorophyll anabolism
light-independent bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis
light independent bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process
light-independent bacteriochlorophyll formation
light-independent bacteriochlorophyll synthesis
The process of transferring a fucosyl group to an N-glycan. An N-glycan is the carbohydrate portion of an N-glycoprotein when attached to a nitrogen from asparagine or arginine side-chains.
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues.
Intramembranous ossification from the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage.
Direct ossification in which bone formation occurs as result of the direct transformation of non-bone cells into bone cells without cell division.
Ossification that requires the replacement of a preexisting tissue prior to bone tissue formation.
Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within ligamentous tissue.
Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within tendonous tissue.
minus-end specific microtubule depolymerization
The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the minus end of a microtubule.
purine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a purine nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Purine nucleotide-sugars are purine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
extracellular ammonia-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular ammonia (NH3) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
extracellular ammonia-gated ion channel activity
extracellular phenylacetaldehyde-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular phenylacetaldehyde has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
extracellular phenylacetaldehyde-gated ion channel activity
ionotropic phenylacetaldehyde receptor activity
obsolete positive regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
GDP-fucose import into endoplasmic reticulum lumen
The directed movement of GDP-fucose into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
GDP-fucose import into endoplasmic reticulum
GDP-fucose transport across endoplasmic reticulum membrane
GDP-fucose transport into endoplasmic reticulum lumen
The directed movement of GDP-fucose into the Golgi lumen. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
GDP-fucose transport across Golgi membrane
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron ion starvation
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of deprivation of iron ions.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron deficiency
A protein complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, and which possesses glutathione synthase activity (catalysis of the reaction: L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP + glycine = ADP + glutathione + 2 H+ + phosphate). In eukaryotes, the complex is homodimeric, in E. coli glutathione synthase exists as a tetramer, and in S. pombe the complex exists as a homodimer or a heterotetramer.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
Generation of the cleavage furrow, a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate that marks the site of cytokinesis. This process includes the recruitment and localized activation of signals such as RhoA at the site of the future furrow to ensure that furrowing initiates at the correct site in the cell.
Advancement of the cleavage furrow from the outside of the cell inward towards the center of the cell. The cleavage furrow acts as a 'purse string' which draws tight to separate daughter cells during cytokinesis and partition the cytoplasm between the two daughter cells. The furrow ingresses until a cytoplasmic bridge is formed.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 3-position.
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate anabolism
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthesis
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate formation
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate synthesis
The multiplication or reproduction of germ cells, reproductive cells in multicellular organisms, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
Binding to a small molecule, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.
obsolete positive regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth as a result of deprivation of glucose, by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete 3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity involved in pre-miRNA 3'-end processing
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule that contributes to forming the mature 3' end of a miRNA from a pre-miRNA.
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a miRNA from a pre-miRNA.
male germ-line stem cell population maintenance
The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of male germ-line stem cells.
female germ-line stem cell population maintenance
The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of female germ-line stem cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene B4, a leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene B4, a leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving Kdo2-lipid A, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Kdo2-lipid A, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component.
3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid-lipid A biosynthesis
peroxisome membrane class-1 targeting sequence binding
Binding to a class I peroxisomal membrane targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome membrane in a PEX19-dependent manner.
peroxisome membrane class-2 targeting sequence binding
Binding to a class II peroxisomal membrane targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome membrane in a PEX19-independent manner.
4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate, a precursor of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N).
4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinose undecaprenyl phosphate metabolic process
undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N metabolism
4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate, a precursor of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N).
4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate anabolism
4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate biosynthesis
4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate formation
4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate synthesis
undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-linolenic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.
cellular response to inositol starvation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of inositol.
very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.
very long-chain fatty acyl CoA metabolic process
very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA metabolism
medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.
medium-chain fatty acyl CoA metabolic process
very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.
very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA breakdown
very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolism
very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA degradation
medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.
long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
A cable structure, surrounding some cell types (e.g. proximal or bronchial tubular epithelial cells), and composed of hyaluranon (HA), a ubiquitous connective tissue glycosaminoglycan.
A process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a hyaluranon cable, a cable structure, surrounding some cell types (e.g. proximal or bronchial tubular epithelial cells), and composed of hyaluranon (HA), a ubiquitous connective tissue glycosaminoglycan.
response to platelet-derived growth factor
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus.
response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus
cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of double-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of a DNA helix.
double-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity
double-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
dsDNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
Binding to a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family.
The modification of histone H3 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.
A multienzyme complex possessing three kinds of enzymes that catalyze the chain reactions in the fatty acid beta-oxidation cycle, enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECH), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HACD), and acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (KACT).
A microtubule-based flagellum (or cilium) that is part of a sperm, a mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid.
Binding to 3-sulfino-L-alanine (cysteine sulfinate).
A sperm-specific voltage-gated calcium channel that controls the intracellular calcium ion concentration and, thereby, the swimming behavior of sperm. Consists of a heteromeric tetramer surrounding a calcium ion- selective pore. May also contain additional auxiliary subunits.
obsolete negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hydrogen peroxide
OBSOLETE. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
prostaglandin H2 endoperoxidase reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H2 + NADPH + H+ -> prostaglandin F2alpha + NADP+. This reaction is the reduction of prostaglandin H2 ((5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-Epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate) to prostaglandin F2alpha ((5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-Trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate).
prostaglandin D2 11-ketoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin D2 + H+ + NADPH = 11-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: 15-keto-prostaglandin + NAD(P)H + H+ -> 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin + NAD(P)+. This reaction is the reduction of 15-keto-prostaglandin.
15-ketoprostaglandin delta13-reductase activity
15-oxo-delta13-prostaglandin reductase activity
15-oxoprostaglandin 13-reductase activity
delta13-15-ketoprostaglandin reductase activity
prostaglandin delta13-reductase activity
11-hydroxythromboxane B2 dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: thromboxane B2 + NAD+ = 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 + NADH + H+.
NAD dependent 11-hydroxythromboxane B2 dehydrogenase activity
12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H2 = 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) + malonaldehyde (MDA).
The orderly movement of a Schwann cell from one site to another. A Schwann cell is a glial cell that ensheathes axons of neuron in the peripheral nervous system and is necessary for their maintainance and function.
kynurenine-oxaloacetate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + L-aspartate.
L-kynurenine-oxaloacetate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from kynurenine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.
kynurenine-oxo-acid transaminase activity
The hydroxylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-hydroxyhistidine.
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-histidine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl hydroxy-L-histidine + succinate + CO2.
[protein]-asparagine 3-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-asparagine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl 3-hydroxy-L-asparagine + succinate + CO2.
hypoxia-inducible factor-asparagine oxygenase activity
peptidyl-asparagine 3-dioxygenase activity
L-phenylalanine-oxaloacetate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction L-phenylalanine + oxaloacetate = phenylpyruvate + aspartate.
L-phenylalanine:oxaloacetate transaminase activity
Binding to a kringle domain. Kringle domains are protein domains that fold into large loops stabilized by 3 disulfide linkages, and are important in protein-protein interactions with blood coagulation factors.
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of dendritic cells such that the total number of dendritic cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycotoxin stimulus. A mycotoxin is a toxic chemical substance produced by fungi.
A digestive process in which food, usually grass or hay, is swallowed into a multi-compartmented stomach, regurgitated, chewed again, and swallowed again.
phosphatidylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling
Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
phosphatidylinositol acyl-chain remodeling
Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylinositol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylinositol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
phosphatidylserine acyl-chain remodeling
Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylserine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylserine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
phosphatidyl-L-serine acyl-chain remodeling
phosphatidylcholine acyl-chain remodeling
Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylcholine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylcholine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
phosphatidylethanolamine acyl-chain remodeling
Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylethanolamine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylethanolamine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
Remodeling the acyl chains of triacylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate triacylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
Remodeling the acyl chains of diacylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate diacylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
Remodeling the acyl chains of an acylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate an acylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
Inner arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes. The structure of inner dynein arms is complex and may vary within the axoneme. Inner dynein arms are heteromeric, comprising 8 different heavy chains and various subunits. Inner and outer dynein arms have different functions in the generation of microtubule-based motility.
Outer arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes. Outer dynein arms contain 2-3 heavy chains, two or more intermediate chains and a cluster of 4-8 light chains. Inner and outer dynein arms have different functions in the generation of microtubule-based motility.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein outer arm, an outer arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein inner arm, an inner arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes.
melanocyte-stimulating hormone secretion
The regulated release of a melanocyte-stimulating hormone, any of a group of peptide hormones that are produced by cells in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland, and stimulate the production of melanin to increase pigmentation.
The regulated release of calcitonin, a peptide hormone that participates in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, from a cell.
The appearance of oxytocin, a cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG, due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Oxytocin is the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary, and together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, is believed to influence social cognition and behavior. It also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain.
3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid -> 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + CO2.
The attachment of a cell to an underlying abiotic (non-living) substrate via adhesion molecules.
The growth of colonies in filamentous chains of cells as a result of an increase in temperature.
invasive growth in response to elevated temperature
invasive growth in response to high temperature
invasive growth in response to temperature stimulus
A reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations. Phenotypic switching involves changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns. For example, Candida albicans switches from white cells to opaque cells for sexual mating. Phenotypic switching also occurs in multicellular organisms; smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit phenotypic transitions to allow rapid adaption to fluctuating environmental cues.
phenotypic switching in response to host
A reversible switch of a cell from one phenotype to another that occurs upon infection of a host or host cell. For example, Candida albicans switches from a unicellular form to an invasive multicellular filamentous form upon infection of host tissue. Phenotypic switching begins with changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns and ends when the morphology of a population of cells has reverted back to the default state, accompanied by altered expression patterns.
filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat
The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to an increase in temperature.
3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-decaprenylbenzoic acid decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-decaprenylbenzoic acid -> 2-methoxy-6-decaprenylphenol + CO2.
filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation
The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to deprivation of nourishment.
filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus
The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to a chemical stimulus.
A process that generates thiamine (vitamin B1) from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
Binding to a thiosulfate, a sulfur oxide that has formula O3S2.
Catalysis of the reaction: butane + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = butanol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, glutaredoxin disulfide as acceptor
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + glutaredoxin disulfide + H2O -> ribonucleoside diphosphate + glutaredoxin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a neutral pH (pH close to 7) stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH
The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH
The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to a neutral pH (pH close to 7) stimulus.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an osteoclast cell to attain its fully functional state. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, and which typically differentiates from monocytes.
filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus
The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to a biotic (living) stimulus.
A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a linear element. A linear element is a proteinaceous scaffold associated with S. pombe chromosomes during meiotic prophase.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving asperthecin, an anthraquinone pigment obtained from the mould Aspergillus nidulans.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of asperthecin, an anthraquinone pigment obtained from the mould Aspergillus nidulans.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asperthecin, an anthraquinone pigment obtained from the mould Aspergillus nidulans.
Definition: Catalysis of the reaction: 15-oxolipoxin A4 + NAD(P)H + H+ = 13,14-dihydro-15-oxolipoxin A4 + NAD(P)+.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an early phagosome.
cell growth mode switching, budding to filamentous
The process in which a cell switches from growing as a round budding cell to growing as a filament (elongated cells attached end-to-end). An example of this is the yeast-hyphal transition of Candida albicans.
abieta-7,13-dien-18-al dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-diene-18-al + H2O + NAD+ = abieta-7,13-diene-18-oate + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-diene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADP+ + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: indole + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = indolin-2-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: indolin-2-one + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
indolin-2-one,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
3-hydroxyindolin-2-one monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
3-hydroxyindolin-2-one,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one-forming)
2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
A prolongation or process extending from a muscle cell. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a muscle cell projection.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving zymosterol, (5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zymosterol, (5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol).
Any process which produces dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate) without de novo synthesis.
deoxythymidine monophosphate biosynthesis via salvage pathway
cholest-4-en-3-one 26-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cholest-4-en-3-one + NADH + H+ + O2 = 26-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + NAD+ + H2O. This reaction involves the hydroxylation of the C26 carbon, followed by oxidation of the alcohol to the carboxylic acid via the aldehyde intermediate.
3-ketosteroid 9-alpha-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + NADH + H+ + O2 = 9alpha-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + NAD+ + H2O.
3-ketosteroid 9alpha-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ent-isokaurene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = ent-2alpha-hydroxyisokaurene + H2O + NADP+.
ent-cassa-12,15-diene 11-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ent-cassa-12,15-diene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = ent-11beta-hydroxycassa-12,15-diene + NADP+ + H2O.
ent-cassadiene C11alpha-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 10beta-hydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 10beta,14beta-dihydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate + NADP+ + H2O.
abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + NADP+ + 2 H2O. This is a two step reaction. The first step is: abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol + + NADP+ + H2O. The second step is a spontaneous reaction: abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol = abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + H2O.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a histone protein by individual cells.
obsolete regulation of histone gene expression
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of expression of a histone-encoding gene. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein.
obsolete positive regulation of histone gene expression
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of expression of a histone-encoding gene. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein.
obsolete negative regulation of histone gene expression
OBSOLETE. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of expression of a histone-encoding gene. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein.
9beta-pimara-7,15-diene oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19-oate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].
9-beta-stemod-13(17)-ene oxidase activity
protein modification process in another organism
The covalent alteration performed by one organism of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) in another organism. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).
protein modification process in other organism
The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).
process resulting in protein modification
The process in which the contractile ring is maintained, typically in response to an internal or external cue.
The process of an actomyosin ring getting smaller in diameter.
The process in which a contractile ring is positioned or maintained in a specific location.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stem cell factor (SCF) stimulus.
response to hematopoietic growth factor KL
cellular response to stem cell factor stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stem cell factor (SCF) stimulus.
cellular response to hematopoietic growth factor KL
Catalysis of the reaction: dGTP + H2O = dGMP + H+ + diphosphate.
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate diphosphohydrolase
Catalysis of the reaction: dTTP + H2O = dTMP + H+ + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GMP + H+ + diphosphate.
GTP diphosphohydrolase (diphosphate-forming); guanosine 5'-triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase
Catalysis of the reaction: ITP + H2O = IMP + H+ + diphosphate.
inosine-5'-triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + H2O = UMP + H+ + diphosphate.
uridine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: XTP + H2O = XMP + H+ + diphosphate.
hypoxanthine/xanthine dNTP pyrophosphatase
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of adenine.
cellular response to adenine deprivation
A special chromosome region located towards one end of a chromosome that contains dispersed copies of short, repetitive DNA sequences and functions as a cis-acting element essential for presynaptic homologous chromosome pairing and chromosome-nuclear envelope attachment.
cellular response to vitamin B1 starvation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of vitamin B1 (also called thiamin and thiamine).
cellular response to vitamin B1 deprivation
obsolete mitotic cell cycle arrest in response to glucose starvation
OBSOLETE. The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M) as a result of deprivation of glucose.
mitotic G2 cell cycle arrest in response to glucose starvation
The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G2 phase as a result of deprivation of glucose.
protein localization to nuclear inner membrane
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nuclear inner membrane.
protein targeting to nuclear inner membrane
The change in morphology and behavior of a granulocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
The removal of glucuronic acid from a conjugated substrate.
The removal of glucuronic acid from an acyl-glucuronide.
The modification of an substrate by the conjugation of glucuronic acid to form an acyl-glucuronide (also called an acyl-glucuronoside).
Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.
acyl-glucuronide deglucuronidation activity
Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + O2 = (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: taxusin + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 7beta-hydroxytaxusin + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O and 2alpha-hydroxytaxusin + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 2alpha,7beta-dihydroxytaxusin + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O.
The region between the plasma membrane and the cell wall, as found in organisms such as filamentous fungi.
glutamate catabolic process to 4-hydroxybutyrate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into 4-hydroxybutyrate.
glutamate degradation to 4-hydroxybutyrate
glutamate catabolic process to succinate via 2-oxoglutarate-dependent GABA-transaminase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into succinate, that includes the conversion of 4-aminobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde by the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase.
glutamate degradation via gamma aminobutyrate transaminase activity
succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NADP+ + H2O = succinate + NADPH + 2 H+.
NADP-dependent succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
succinate semialdehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
succinyl semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a neutral pH (pH close to 7) stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menadione stimulus. Menadione (also called vitamin K3) is a naphthoquinone having a methyl substituent at the 2-position.
The directed movement of phytochelatin 2 (PC2) into the vacuole. Phytochelatin 2 is a glutathione-related peptide composed of (gamma-Glu-Cys)n-Gly where n=2, and where the Glu and Cys residues are linked through a gamma-carboxylamide bond.
The directed movement of phytochelatin 3 (PC3) into the vacuole. Phytochelatin 3 is a glutathione-related peptide composed of (gamma-Glu-Cys)n-Gly where n=3, and where the Glu and Cys residues are linked through a gamma-carboxylamide bond.
The directed movement of phytochelatin 4 (PC4) into the vacuole. Phytochelatin 4 is a glutathione-related peptide composed of (gamma-Glu-Cys)n-Gly where n=4, and where the Glu and Cys residues are linked through a gamma-carboxylamide bond.
The directed movement of cadmium ions into the vacuole.
The directed movement of a peroxisome along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to salt stress
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under salt stress. The stress is usually an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to menadione
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a menadione stimulus. Menadione (also called vitamin K3) is a naphthoquinone having a methyl substituent at the 2-position.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amiloride stimulus.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amiloride stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylamine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylamine stimulus.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a multivesicular body. A multivesicular body is a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of raffinose that occur in the presence of oxygen.
The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which a cap structure is added to the 5' end of nascent RNA polymerase transcripts. Examples of RNA capping include 7-methyl-G caps found on all RNA polymerase II transcripts and nucleotide-containing cofactor caps, such as NAD(H) or FAD, found on bacterial trancripts.
Hypermethylation of the 7-(mono)methylguanosine (m(7)G) cap structure at the 2' position of the guanosine residue to convert a mono-methylated cap to a 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine cap structure. This type of cap modification occurs on small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and is dependent on prior guanine-N7 methylation.
The appearance of granulysin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The addition of a methyl group to the N7 atom in the base portion of a guanine nucleotide residue in an RNA molecule.
A multiprotein ATPase complex involved in the release of polyubiquitinated proteins, including those damaged by oxidative stress, from the outer mitochondria membrane into the cytoplasm where they are presented to the proteasome for proteolysis, a process also referred to as mitochondria-associated degradation (MAD). In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Npl4p and Vms1p.
The growth of colonies in filamentous chains of cells into a substrate.
Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through water, often by means of active fin movement.
The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of swimming. Swimming is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the water.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diuretic stimulus. A diuretic is an agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylphenidate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gemcitabine stimulus. Gemcitabine is a 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position, and is used as a drug in the treatment of various carcinomas.
response to 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a statin stimulus. Statins are organooxygen compounds whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC:1.1.1.34/EC:1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties.
response to hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lapatinib stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 5-fluorouracil stimulus.
response to 5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antidepressant stimulus, a mood-stimulating drug.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anticonvulsant stimulus, a drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to nitrogen starvation
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a deprivation of nitrogen.
positive regulation of protein export from nucleus in response to glucose starvation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm in response to deprivation of glucose.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-canavanine stimulus. L-canavanine is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus in response to oxidative stress
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus under conditions of oxidative stress.
Actin-based structures involved in establishing close contact between Sertoli-Sertoli cells or Sertoli-spermatids in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a SAGA complex, a SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains Spt8 (in budding yeast) or a homolog thereof.
A filamentous cortical structure formed, in S. pombe, by the eisosome component Pil1.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iloperidone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ximelagatran stimulus.
The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own serine amino acid residues, or a serine residue on an identical protein.
The phosphorylation by a protein of a residue on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer.
The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues.
The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) are reformed to regenerate double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). ssDNA is often bound and stabilized by proteins such as replication protein A (RPA) to form ssDNA bubbles. The bubbles can be rewound by ATP-dependent motors to reform base pairs between strands and thus dsDNA.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen.
cellular response to decreased oxygen levels
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen.
cellular response to lowered oxygen levels
cellular response to increased oxygen levels
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting an increase in the level of oxygen.
cellular response to raised oxygen levels
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting an increase in the level of oxygen.
Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA. DNA interstrand crosslinks occur when both strands of duplex DNA are covalently tethered together (e.g. by an exogenous or endogenous agent), thus preventing the strand unwinding necessary for essential DNA functions such as transcription and replication.
recombinational interstrand cross-link repair
Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA by a mechanism that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region.
recombination-dependent interstrand cross-link repair
non-recombinational interstrand cross-link repair
Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA by a mechanism that does not involve homologous DNA recombination.
recombination-independent interstrand cross-link repair
A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of a B cell receptor from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell.
macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
The appearance of macrophage colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The progression of the atrioventricular canal over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The atrioventricular canal is the part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle.
The process in which the anatomical structures of lymph vessels are generated and organized. The lymph vessel is the vasculature carrying lymph.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the umbilical cord are generated and organized. The umbilical cord is an organ or embryonic origin consisting of the 2 umbilical arteries and the one umbilical vein. The umbilical cord connects the cardiovascular system of the fetus to the mother via the placenta.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an ameloblast, a cylindrical epithelial cell in the innermost layer of the enamel organ.
The developmental growth that results in the increase in length of the embryonic heart tube. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
23S rRNA (adenine(2030)-N(6))-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2030) in 23S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N(6)-methyladenine(2030) in 23S rRNA.
16S rRNA (guanine(1516)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1516) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1516) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, the M band. The M band is the midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere.
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activity
An ATP-dependent activity that facilitates the formation of a complementary double-stranded DNA molecule.
nucleoside-triphosphatase activity involved in DNA annealing
chitin disaccharide deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(acetylamino)-4-O-[2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose + H2O = 2-(acetylamino)-4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose + acetate.
chitin oligosaccharide amidohydrolase activity
chitin oligosaccharide deacetylase activity
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit binding
Binding to a regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The regulatory subunit associates with the catalytic subunit to regulate both its activity and subcellular location.
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit binding
Binding to the catalytic subunit of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The catalytic subunit catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sterol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sterol stimulus.
SREBP-SCAP complex retention in endoplasmic reticulum
Any process in which the SREBP-SCAP complex is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. The SREBP-SCAP complex is formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP). In the absence of sterols, the SREBP-SCAP complex is packaged into COPII vesicles and travels to the Golgi apparatus to be processed. In the presence of sterols, the complex binds ER-resident proteins such as INSIG, which retain the complex in the ER.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a 5' tyrosyl-RNA phosphodiester bond between a protein and RNA. In picornaviruses, this covalent bond connects VPg, a viral-encoded protein essential for RNA replication, to the 5' end of all nascent picornavirus genomes; it is cleaved from viral RNA prior to its engaging in protein synthesis.
uridylylpolynucleotide-(5' P->O)- tyrosine phosphodiesterase activity
Combining with a peptide pheromone, and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
mating-type M-factor pheromone receptor activity
Combining with the mating-type peptide pheromone M-factor and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity. M-factor is a nine-membered oligopeptide that consists of tyrosyl, threonyl, prolyl, lysyl, valyl, prolyl, tyrosyl, methionyl and methyl S-farnesylcysteinate residues joined in sequence, and is a peptide pheromone released by Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells of the cellular mating type Minus.
M-factor mating pheromone receptor activity
mating-type P-factor pheromone receptor activity
Combining with the mating-type peptide pheromone P-factor and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity. P-factor is a polypeptide of 23 residues, with the sequence Thr-Tyr-Ala-Asp-Phe-Leu-Arg-Ala-Tyr-Gln-Ser-Trp-Asn-Thr-Phe-Val-Asn-Pro-Asp-Arg-Pro-Asn-Leu, and is a peptide pheromone released by Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells of the cellular mating type Plus.
P-factor mating pheromone receptor activity
The regulated release of ghrelin from a cell. Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid hunger-stimulating peptide hormone.
The regulated release of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) from a cell. Pancreatic polypeptide is a 36 amino acid polypeptide secreted by islets of Langerhans cells in the pancreas.
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
avascular cornea development in camera-type eye
The progression of an avascular cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Corneal avascularity (the absence of blood vessels in the cornea) is required for optical clarity and optimal vision. Avascular corneas are present in most animals, except Manatees.
placental growth factor receptor activity
Combining with placental growth factor (PlGF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
placental growth factor-activated receptor activity
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hepatocytes within a population of cells. Hepatocytes are specialized epithelial cells of the liver that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of epidermal stem cells within a population of cells.
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of intestinal stem cells within a population of cells.
The movement of a dendritic cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand to a Fas receptor on the surface of the cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Fas is a death domain-containing member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily.
The lipid bilayer of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.
lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cell of high endothelial venule
The attachment of a lymphocyte to an endothelial cell of a high endothelial venule (HEV) via adhesion molecules. A HEV cell is an endothelial cell that is cuboidal, expresses leukocyte-specific receptors, and allows for passage of lymphocytes into bloodstream.
lymphocyte adhesion to high endothelial venule
chitin-based cuticle sclerotization by biomineralization
The process of hardening a chitin-based cuticle by mineral incorporation. For example, the cuticle of crustaceans is hardened by the incorporation of calcium carbonate.
chitin-based cuticle hardening by biomineralisation
chitin-based cuticle sclerotization by protein cross-linking
The process of hardening of a chitin-based cuticle by protein cross-linking, and the incorporation of phenolic precursors. This mechanism of cuticle hardening occurs in insects and is usually accompanied by darkening of the cuticle.
chitin-based cuticle sclerotization by protein cross-linking and cuticle tanning
The process in which a post-anal tail is generated and organized. A post-anal tail is a muscular region of the body that extends posterior to the anus. The post-anal tail may aid locomotion and balance.
The specific behavior of an organism that combines cognitive functions and physical movement. For example, driving a car, throwing a ball, or playing a musical instrument.
Generation and organization of a platelet, a non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a platelet to attain its fully functional state. A platelet is a non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-cysteine stimulus. L-cysteine is an optically active form of cysteine having L-configuration.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-5-monosubstituted hydantoin = L-5-monosubstituted hydantoin.
The non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms mediated by the binding of cell wall proteins on one cell to galactose residues on the other.
cell-cell adhesion involved in galactose-specific flocculation
The non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms mediated by the binding of cell wall proteins on one cell to mannose residues on the other.
cell-cell adhesion involved in mannose-specific flocculation
The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin group at lysine 13 (H2A-K13) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms. Monoubiquitin is first attached to H2A-K13 and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are then extended from this monoubiquitin.
The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin group at lysine 15 (H2A-K15) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms. Monoubiquitin is first attached to H2A-K15 and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are then extended from this monoubiquitin.
The modification of histone H2A by addition of a single ubiquitin group to lysine-119 (H2A- K119) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms.
histone H2A monoubiquitination (H2A-K119)
2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl bacteriochlorophyllide a dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl bacteriochlorophyllide a = bacteriochlorophyllide a + 2 H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + reduced acceptor = 2-iminoacetate + 4-methylphenol + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + acceptor + 2 H+.
cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) + ATP = cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (cDPG) + ADP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phosphoglycerate + ATP = 2,3-diphosphoglycerate + ADP.
The formation of a D-alanyl ester of lipoteichoic acid by transfer of D-Ala onto a membrane-associated lipoteichoic acid (LTA).
The elimination of potassium ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.
The process in which the sorocarp stalk is generated and organized. The sorocarp stalk is a tubular structure that consists of cellulose-covered cells stacked on top of each other and surrounded by an acellular stalk tube composed of cellulose and glycoprotein. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
racemase activity, acting on amino acids and derivatives
Catalysis of the interconversion of the two enantiomers of a chiral amino acid or amino acid derivative.
A double layer of lipid molecules that surrounds an ascus, a capsule containing the sexual spores in some fungi.
transforming growth factor beta activation
The release of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) from its latent state. TGF-beta is secreted as part of a large latent complex (LLC) that is targeted to the extracellular matrix. Release of TGFbeta from its latent state is required for TGFbeta to bind to its receptors, and can occur by a variety of mechanisms.
transforming growth factor beta1 activation
The release of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) from its latent state.
transforming growth factor-beta1 activation
transforming growth factor beta2 activation
The release of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta2) from its latent state.
transforming growth factor beta3 activation
The release of transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-beta3) from its latent state.
The ability of a photoreceptor to adjust to varying levels of light.
The processes required for a cone photoreceptor to recover, following light activation, so that it can respond to a subsequent light stimulus. Cone recovery requires the shutoff of active participants in the phototransduction cascade, including the visual pigment and downstream signal transducers.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
proteasome-mediated transcription factor catabolism
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor catabolic process
Binding a D-alanine and presenting it for processing or offloading to a cognate enzyme. Covalently binds the D-alanine via a phosphopantetheine prosthetic group and mediates protein-protein interactions with the enzyme conferring specificity. The carrier protein provides an essential link between the D-alanine-D-alanyl carrier protein ligase and the incorporation of D-alanine into lipoteichoic acid by transferring activated D-alanine to cell membrane phosphatidylglycerol (PG).
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the T-tubule. The T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril.
protein localization to transverse tubule
The directed movement of an opsin (a G protein-coupled receptor of photoreceptor cells) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-L-fucose = beta-L-fucose.
Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate.
An apical protein complex that contains the proteins Kibra, Expanded and Merlin (Mer), or orthologs thereof. In humans, the complex contains KIBRA, FDM6 and NF2.
sodium ion export across plasma membrane
The directed movement of sodium ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.
A form of mutualism between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant, where hyphae of the fungus penetrate the plant cell wall and invaginate its cell membrane. Once inside, the fungus forms highly branched structures for nutrient exchange with the plant called arbuscules. Aids in the acquisition by the plant of nutrients such as phosphorus from the soil.
calcitriol biosynthetic process from calciol
Conversion of vitamin D3 from its largely inactive form (calciol, also called cholecalciferol) into a hormonally active form (calcitriol). Conversion requires 25-hydroxylation of calciol in the liver to form calcidiol, and subsequent 1,alpha-hydroxylation of calcidiol in the kidney to form calcitriol.
1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol biosynthesis
1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 biosynthesis
Any of the smallest contractile units of a myofibril (striated muscle fiber).
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-undecaprenyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol.
UDP-GIcNAc:undecaprenyl phosphate N-acetylglucosaminyl 1-P transferase activity
UDP-GlcNAc:undecaprenyl-phosphate GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosaminephosphotransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:undecaprenyl-phosphate GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase activity
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase (glutamine hydrolysing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-glutamine = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + L-glutamate + 3 H2O + phosphate. The reaction occurs in two steps: L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + NH3, and subsequently D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NH3 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + 4 H2O + phosphate.
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a reduced flavin + NAD+ = an oxidized flavin + 2 H+ + NADH.
3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + FMNH2 + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + FMN + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP + H2O = CMP + phosphate.
OBSOLETE. Any process in which DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure within a nucleoid.
A process in which chromosomal DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly bacterial nucleoid. Often resulting in DNA supercoiling.
A protein-DNA complex that forms at the origin of replication during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the origin of replication during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.
A protein-DNA complex that forms at the bacterial oriC during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.
pre-replicative complex assembly involved in bacterial-type DNA replication
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the bacterial pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the bacterial oriC during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.
bacterial pre-replicative complex assembly
A ring-shaped structure that forms at the medial cortex of a symmetrically dividing cell at the onset of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Catalysis of the reaction: thiocyanate (SCN-) + hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) = hypothiocyanite (OSCN-) + 2 H2O. Catalyzes the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of thiocyanate.
The controlled release of amylase from a cell.
The controlled release of amylase from a cell of the pancreas.
RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase complex
A RNA methyltransferase complex that catalyzes the post-transcriptional methylation of adenosine to form N6-methyladenosine (m6A). In budding yeast, the MIS complex consists of Mum2p, Ime4p and Slz1p. In vertebrates, the complex consists of METTL3, METTL14 and associated components WTAP, ZC3H13, VIRMA, CBLL1/HAKAI and in some cases of RBM15 (RBM15 or RBM15B).
METTL3-METTL14-WTAP methyltransferase complex
formate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: formate + a quinone = CO2 + a quinol.
A multi-protein complex containing at least the T-cell receptor complex and the LAT (linker for activation of T cells) scaffold protein. Also contains a variety of signaling proteins including co-receptors, kinases, phosphatases and adaptors such as CD8. Connects events on the plasma membrane to distal signaling cascades to ultimately modulate T cell biology.
linker for activation of T cells signalosome
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a TCR signalosome.
linker for activation of T cells signalosome assembly
Combining with a short neuropeptide F and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. Short neuropeptide F is an arthropod peptide of less than 28 residues (as small as 8-10 residues in some species) with a C-terminal RFamide or LRFamide.
Combining with a pyrokinin and transmitting the signal within the cell to induce a change in cell activity. Pyrokinins are a group of insect neuropeptides that share the common C-terminal pentapeptide sequence Phe-X-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 (X = S, T, K, A, or G). They play a central role in diverse physiological processes including stimulation of gut motility, production and release of sex pheromones, diapause, and pupariation.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, which promotes unfolding of protein substrates, and channel opening of the core proteasome.
ATPase involved in positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8S,9E,11Z,14Z)-8-hydroperoxyicosa-5,9,11,14-tetraenoate.
obsolete conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA
OBSOLETE. The process in which double-stranded small interfering RNA (ds siRNA) molecules are converted to single-stranded small interfering RNA (ss siRNA).
obsolete anchored component of cell outer membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
obsolete anchored component of periplasmic side of cell outer membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are tethered to the periplasmic side of membrane by only a covalently attached anchor, embedded in the periplasmic side of the membrane only.
A mycolic acid-rich cell outer membrane containing a lipid bilayer and long-chain mycolic acids (hydroxylated branched-chain fatty acids) that are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan via an arabinogalactan network. Found in mycobacteria and related genera (e.g. corynebacteria).
histone H3K14 acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14).
histone acetylase activity (H3-K14 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K14 specific)
histone H3-K14 acetyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H3-K14 specific)
histone H3-K14 acetyltransferase complex
A protein complex that can catalyze the acetylation of lysine at position 14 in histone H3.
H3-K14 histone acetyltransferase complex
histone acetyltransferase complex (H3-K14 specific)
histone H3 Lys 14 (H3K14) acetyltransferase complex
A protein complex that can catalyze the acetylation of lysine at position 14 in histone H3, and contains Mst2 as the catalytic subunit. In fission yeast, contains at least Mst2, Nto1, Ptf2, Ptf1 and Eaf6.
Mst2 histone H3K14 acetyltransferase complex
A trimeric protein complex containing a H-NS homodimer and a Cnu monomer. In bacteria, this complex negatively regulates transcription of a range of genes.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + oxalate = acetate + oxalyl-CoA.
OBSOLETE. The hydrolysis of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-citrulline at position 26 in histone H3.
OBSOLETE. The hydrolysis of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-citrulline on a histone protein.
Any process that modulates the propensity of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize tRNAs.
Prevention of degradation of tRNA molecules.
Any process that decreases the stability of a tRNA molecule, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes.
obsolete intrinsic component of mycolate outer membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the mycolate outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
obsolete integral component of mycolate outer membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the mycolate outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
extrinsic component of mycolate outer membrane
The component of mycolate outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic component of external side of mycolate outer membrane
The component of mycolate membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic to external side of mycolate outer membrane
extrinsic to external side of mycomembrane
hexaprenyl-diphosphate synthase ((2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 3 isopentenyl diphosphate = 3 diphosphate + all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate.
hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase activity
hexaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + H2O = L-serine + phosphate, on a free amino acid.
O-phosphoserine phosphohydrolase activity
obsolete D-phosphoserine phosphatase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-D-serine + H2O = L-serine + phosphate, on a free amino acid.
ditrans, polycis-undecaprenyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = D-mannosyl undecaprenyl phosphate+ GDP.
all-trans-undecaprenyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = D-mannosyl undecaprenyl phosphate + GDP.
adenosylcobinamide kinase (GTP-specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + GTP = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GDP + H+.
adenosylcobinamide kinase (ATP-specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + ATP = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CMP = ADP + CDP.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dCMP = ADP + dCDP.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + undecaprenol + all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + ADP + H+.
di-trans, poly-cis-undecaprenol kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: di-trans, octa-cis-undecaprenol + ATP = di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate + ADP + H+.
ditrans,polycis-undecaprenol kinase activity
nitronate monooxygenase (FMN-linked) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ethylnitronate + FMNH(2) + O2 = acetaldehyde + FMN + H2O + H+ + nitrite.
K48-linked polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding
Binding to a protein upon poly-ubiquitination formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 in the target protein.
An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc3p.
An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc2p and Ioc4p.
A homeostatic process in which the lens is maintained in a highly refractive, transparent state to allow for optimal focusing of light on the retina.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA.
2-dehydropantolactone reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + dermatan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + dermatan 6'-sulfate.
A process in which a calcium ion (Ca2+) is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.
calcium ion transmembrane import into mitochondrion
The self-renewing division of a neuronal stem cell.
The process in which an undifferentiated cell acquires the features of a myofibroblast cell.
cellular response to sugar-phosphate stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the accumulation of sugar-phosphate.
cellular response to presence of non-metabolizable sugars
cellular response to glucose-phosphate stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the accumulation of glucose-phosphate.
The end of a microtubule that does not preferentially grow (polymerize).
polyuridylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA
Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that has been modified by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues (polyuridylation) at the 3' end.
uridylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA
Methylation of the 2'-O-ribose of the first or second transcribed nucleotide of a 5'-capped mRNA.
An endosomal sorting complex involved in membrane fission processes related to sorting of multivesicular bodies (MVB) in the endocytic pathway, cytokinesis and viral budding among other processes.
An RNA interference where the silencing signal spreads along the target mRNA in a 5' or 3' direction, outside of the initial target sequence.
A protein complex that has growth factor activity.
Catalysis of the transfer of a iron-sulfur cluster from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin -> L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O.
A cytoplasmic, non-membrane bound granule of, at least, keratinocyte. Associated to keratin intermediate filaments and partially crosslinked to the cell envelope.
cellular response to cell envelope stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stress acting at the cell envelope.
Binding to a BLOC-2 complex, a protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules.
TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway
An extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway initiated by the binding of the ligand TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) to a death receptor on the cell surface.
TRAIL-activated extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
TRAIL-induced apoptotic signaling pathway
tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand apoptotic signaling pathway
Combining with the ligand TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) and transmitting the signal from one side of the plasma membrane to the other to initiate apoptotic cell death.
tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor
A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm.
The trafficking of synaptic vesicles from the pre-synaptic membrane so the vesicle can dock and prime for another round of exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Recycling occurs after synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and is necessary to replenish presynaptic vesicle pools, sustain transmitter release and preserve the structural integrity of the presynaptic membrane. Recycling can occur following transient fusion with the presynaptic membrane (kiss and run), or via endocytosis of presynaptic membrane.
kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling
Synaptic vesicle recycling where vesicles endocytosed via clathrin-coated pits re-acidify and refill with neurotransmitters after passing through an endosomal intermediate.
recycling endosome localization within postsynapse
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H+ = CO2 + serotonin.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-dopa + H+ = CO2 + dopamine.
4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + H+ = CO2 + tryptamine.
tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activator activity
Binds to and increases the activity of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (tyrosine hydroxylase).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glyoxal stimulus.
obsolete suppression by virus of host protein-protein interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interaction between host proteins.
cell death in response to oxidative stress
Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell upon exposure to an oxidative stress stimulus.
cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
neuron death in response to oxidative stress
Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a neuron upon exposure to an oxidative stress stimulus.
neuronal cell death in response to oxidative stress
neuron death in response to hydrogen peroxide
Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a neuron upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
neuronal cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
The region of a neuron that includes the cell body (cell soma) and dendrite(s), but excludes the axon.
Interacts with and increases L-dopa decarboxylase activity.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of peroxidase.
neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a neuron. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
neuron apoptosis in response to oxidative stress
oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis
oxidative stress-induced neuron apoptosis
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
H2O2-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
hydrogen peroxide-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a neuron in response to hydrogen peroxide.
H2O2-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal apoptosis
hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron apoptosis
neuron apoptosis in response to hydrogen peroxide
neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a neuron. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron apoptosis
endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
ER stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
The characteristic movement of trunk neural crest cells from the neural tube to other locations in the vertebrate embryo.
dorsolateral trunk neural crest cell migration
The movement of trunk neural crest cells from the neural tube, travelling dorso-laterally into the ectoderm and continuing toward the ventral midline of the belly. These migrating trunk neural crest cells become melanocytes, the melanin-forming pigment cells.
ventral trunk neural crest cell migration
The movement of trunk neural crest cells from the neural tube, travelling ventrally through the anterior half of each sclerotome. Trunk neural crest cells that remain in the sclerotome form the dorsal root ganglia containing the sensory neurons. Trunk neural crest cells that continue more ventrally form the sympathetic ganglia, the adrenal medulla, and the nerve clusters surrounding the aorta.
trunk NCC migration through anterior sclerotome
nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of nitric oxide synthase.
nitric oxide synthase inhibitor activity
A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of the transcription factor CHOP (GADD153) and a member of the C/EBP family of transcription factors.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neuromelanin. Neuromelanin is a polymer of 5,6-dihydroxyindole monomers.
regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
regulation of translation in response to ER stress
regulation of translation initiation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
regulation of translation initiation in response to ER stress
eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
The addition of a phosphate group on to the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha, as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to ER stress
regulation of translation initiation by eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
positive regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Any process that activates, or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
positive regulation of translation in response to ER stress
positive regulation of translation initiation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Any process that activates, or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
positive regulation of translation initiation in response to ER stress
negative regulation of translation initiation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
negative regulation of translation initiation in response to ER stress
regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation in response to stress by the dephosphorylation of eIF2 alpha.
eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
The removal of a phosphate group from the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha, as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to ER stress
regulation of translation initiation by eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
The series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1 (Inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease). Begins with activation of IRE1 in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. One target of activated IRE1 is the transcription factor HAC1 in yeast, or XBP1 in mammals; IRE1 cleaves an intron of a mRNA coding for HAC1/XBP1 to generate an activated HAC1/XBP1 transcription factor, which controls the up regulation of UPR-related genes. At least in mammals, IRE1 can also signal through additional intracellular pathways including JNK and NF-kappaB.
endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; IRE1 signaling
inositol-requiring enzyme 1-mediated unfolded protein response
inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease signal transduction
IRE1 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
The series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane stress sensor PERK (PKR-like ER kinase). Begins with activation of PERK in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The main substrate of PERK is the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha. Serine-phosphorylation of eIF2alpha by PERK inactivates eIF2alpha and inhibits general protein translation. In addition, eIF2alpha phosphorylation preferentially increases the translation of selective mRNAs such as ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), which up regulates a subset of UPR genes required to restore folding capacity.
EIF2AK3-mediated unfolded protein response
endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; PERK signaling
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3-mediated unfolded protein response
PERK signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
The series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane stress sensor ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6). Begins with activation of ATF6 in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum stress, ATF6 translocates to the Golgi where it is processed by proteases to release a cytoplasmic domain (ATF6f), which operates as a transcriptional activator of many genes required to restore folding capacity.
activating transcription factor 6 signaling in unfolded protein response
ATF6 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; ATF6 signaling
A dimeric protein complex that contains the co-factors for the ATPase VCP/p97 (Cdc48p in budding yeast). In mammals, this complex consists of UFD1L (UFD1) and NPLOC4 (NPL4). In budding yeast, the complex is a dimer of Ufd1p and Npl4p.
A protein complex containing, in mammals, Derlin-1 and VCP-interacting membrane protein (VIMP). The complex links the p97/VCP-containing ATPase complex with Derlin-1 during translocation of protein substrates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol for degradation by the cytosolic proteasome.
The protein catabolic pathway which targets endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins for degradation by the cytoplasmic proteasome. It begins with recognition of the ER-resident protein, includes retrotranslocation (dislocation) of the protein from the ER to the cytosol, protein modifications necessary for correct substrate transfer (e.g. ubiquitination), transport of the protein to the proteasome, and ends with degradation of the protein by the cytoplasmic proteasome.
endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
The joining of two lipid bilayers that surround the Golgi apparatus to form a single Golgi membrane.
membrane fusion involved in Golgi reassembly
Combining with prosaposin to initiate a change in cell activity. Prosaposin is the glycoprotein precursor of four cleavage products (saposins A, B, C and D).
Maintaining a protein in an unfolded, soluble state.
The removal of one or more mannose residues from a mannosylated protein.
The removal of one or more alpha 1,2-linked mannose residues from a mannosylated protein.
trimming of terminal mannose on B branch
The removal of an alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the B-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.
conversion of (Man)9(GlcNAc)2 to (Man)8B(GlcNAc)2
glycoprotein mannose trimming on B branch
trimming of terminal mannose on C branch
The removal of an alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the C-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.
conversion of (Man)9(GlcNAc)2 to (Man)8C(GlcNAc)2
glycoprotein mannose trimming on C branch
The removal of the first alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the A-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.
conversion of (Man)9(GlcNAc)2 to (Man)8A(GlcNAc)2
glycoprotein mannose trimming on A branch
The removal of the second alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the A-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.
conversion of (Man)8A(GlcNAc)2 to (Man)7AA(GlcNAc)2
A protein complex that functions in the retrotranslocation step of ERAD (ER-associated protein degradation), and includes at its core Derlin-1 oligomers forming a retrotranslocation channel.
The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone of a dopaminergic neuron to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone of a serotonergic neuron to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
chemoattraction of dopaminergic neuron axon
The process in which a dopaminergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal.
chemoattraction of serotonergic neuron axon
The process in which a serotonergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal.
chemorepulsion of dopaminergic neuron axon
The process in which a dopaminergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.
chemorepulsion of serotonergic neuron axon
The process in which a serotonergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.
Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from an astrocyte to a dopaminergic neuron.
astrocyte-dopaminergic neuron cell signaling
mesencephalic dopaminergic neuron-astrocyte crosstalk
midbrain dopaminergic neuron-astrocyte crosstalk
modulation by symbiont of host protein localization to phagocytic vesicle
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localisation to the host phagosome. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host protein localisation to phagosome
negative regulation by symbiont of host protein localization to phagocytic vesicle
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localisation to the host phagosome. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
disruption of host protein localisation to phagosome
inhibition of host protein localisation to phagosome
suppression of host protein localisation to phagosome
obsolete induction by symbiont of host cytokine production
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Catalysis of the removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from a lysine residue of a glycated protein.
The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from a glycated protein.
The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from a cysteine residue of a glycated protein.
The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from an arginine residue of a glycated protein.
The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from a lysine residue of a glycated protein.
The removal of glyoxal from a glycated protein, to form glycolate and a deglycated protein.
protein deglycation of glyoxal-glycated protein
protein deglycation, methylglyoxal removal
The removal of methylglyoxal from a glycated protein, to form lactate and a deglycated protein.
protein deglycation of methylglyoxal-glycated protein
The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from glycated glutathione. Glutathione is the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine.
The transfer of information from one cell to another, where the signal travels from the signal-producing cell to the receiving cell by passive diffusion or bulk flow in intercellular fluid. The signaling cell and the receiving cell are usually in the vicinity of each other.
The transfer of information from one cell to another, where an endocrine hormone is transported from the signal-producing cell to the receiving cell via the circulatory system (via blood, lymph or cerebrospinal fluid). The signaling cell and the receiving cell are often distant to each other.
G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation
Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a ligand for an epidermal growth factor receptor. The ligand is functional when it can bind to and activate an epidermal growth factor receptor.
EGFR ligand maturation by peptide bond cleavage
epidermal growth factor receptor ligand processing
peptide bond cleavage involved in EGFR ligand maturation
peptide bond cleavage involved in epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation
netrin receptor activity involved in chemoattraction
Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to contribute to the directed movement of a motile cell towards a higher concentration of netrin.
netrin receptor activity involved in positive chemotaxis
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a netrin protein to its receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Netrins can act as chemoattractant signals for some cells and chemorepellent signals for others. Netrins also have roles outside of cell and axon guidance.
netrin-activated signal transduction pathway
The intracellular process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell via a tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF). TRAFs are directly or indirectly recruited to the intracellular domains of cell surface receptors, and engage other signaling proteins to transfer the signal from a cell surface receptor to other intracellular signaling components.
tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor signaling
tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor signal transduction
regulation of signal transduction by receptor internalization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by the movement of a signaling receptor from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. Receptor internalization can have a positive or negative effect on a signaling pathway.
regulation of signaling pathway by receptor endocytosis
positive regulation of signal transduction by receptor internalization
Any process in which the internalization of a signaling receptor activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. Receptor internalization can enhance signaling by concentrating signaling molecules in one location, or by moving a ligand-activated receptor to the location of downstream signaling proteins. Endosomes for example can serve as important intracellular signaling platforms.
positive regulation of signaling pathway by receptor endocytosis
negative regulation of signal transduction by receptor internalization
Any process in which internalization of a signaling receptor stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. Receptor internalization can attenuate or reduce the strength of signaling by reducing the concentration of cell surface receptors available to ligands.
negative regulation of signaling pathway by receptor endocytosis
negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by Wnt receptor internalization
Any process in which internalization of a Wnt receptor stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction.
ligand-dependent internalization of Frizzled
negative regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway by Wnt receptor internalization
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway by Wnt receptor endocytosis
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway by Wnt receptor internalization
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway by Wnt receptor internalization
positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by Wnt receptor internalization
Any process in which internalization of a Wnt receptor activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway.
positive regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway by Wnt receptor internalization
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway by Frizzled internalization
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway by LRP6 internalization
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway by Wnt receptor internalization
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway by Wnt receptor endocytosis
negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway by insulin receptor internalization
Any process in which internalization of an insulin receptor stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signal transduction. Internalization of insulin in association with its receptor clears insulin from the circulation and is necessary for subsequent insulin dissociation from the receptor and insulin degradation.
agonist-stimulated insulin receptor internalization
negative regulation of insulin receptor signalling pathway by insulin receptor internalization
positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway by insulin receptor internalization
Any process in which internalization of an insulin receptor activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the insulin receptor signaling pathway. Endocytosis of activated receptors can concentrate receptors within endosomes and allow the insulin receptor to phosphorylate substrates that are spatially distinct from those accessible at the plasma membrane.
positive regulation of insulin receptor signalling pathway by insulin receptor internalization
A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of an insulin receptor from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell.
A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of a Wnt receptor from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a Wnt receptor. Internalized Wnt receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway by Wnt receptor degradation
The process that results in the return of a Wnt receptor to an active state at the plasma membrane. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive a Wnt signal. Internalized Wnt receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.
The process that results in the return of an insulin receptor to an active state at the plasma membrane. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive an insulin signal. Internalized insulin receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.
Combining with the fat-cell specific hormone leptin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
G protein-coupled olfactory receptor activity
Combining with an odorant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
G-protein coupled odorant receptor activity
G-protein coupled olfactory receptor activity
odorant receptor activity, G-protein coupled
olfactory receptor activity, G-protein coupled
Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.
receptor activity involved in signal transduction
Binding specifically to a substance (cargo) to deliver it to a transport vesicle. Cargo receptors span a membrane (either the plasma membrane or a vesicle membrane), binding simultaneously to cargo molecules and coat adaptors, to efficiently recruit soluble proteins to nascent vesicles.
receptor activity involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis
Combining with the secreted glycoprotein reelin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of reelin (a secreted glycoprotein) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
reelin-mediated signal transduction pathway
apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by apolipoprotein A-I binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signalling pathway
insulin receptor signaling pathway via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
An insulin receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
insulin receptor signaling pathway via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade
insulin receptor signaling pathway via PI3K cascade
insulin receptor signalling pathway via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway via MAPK cascade
An epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the MAPKKK cascade.
EGFR signaling pathway via MAPKKK cascade
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway via MAPKKK cascade
epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway via MAPKKK cascade
non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via MAPK cascade
The series of molecular signals initiated by a Wnt protein binding to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of a target cell, where the signal is passed on via the MAPKKK cascade.
non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway via MAPK cascade
non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via MAPK cascade
non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via MAPKKK cascade
non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via MAPK signaling
non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway via MAPKKK cascade
non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the signal is passed on via the JNK cascade.
non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway via JNK cascade
non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via JNK cascade
non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway via JNK cascade
termination of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
The signaling process in which G protein-coupled receptor signaling is brought to an end. For example, through the action of GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that act to accelerate hydrolysis of GTP to GDP on G-alpha proteins, thereby terminating the transduced signal.
termination of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
termination of G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis by VEGF-activated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to its receptor on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.
positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis by VEGF/VEGFR signaling pathway
positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis by VEGF-activated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signalling pathway
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in endothelial cell chemotaxis
VEGF-mediated chemotactic endothelial cell migration
VEGF-VEGFR-induced endothelial cell chemotaxis
signal transduction in absence of ligand
The series of molecular signals initiated by the absence of a ligand or the withdrawal of a ligand from a receptor.
signal transduction in absence of agonist
G protein-coupled receptor signaling in absence of ligand
The series of molecular signals beginning with a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex, where the G protein-coupled receptor is not bound to an agonist.
basal G-protein coupled receptor signaling
G-protein coupled receptor signaling in absence of agonist
G-protein coupled receptor signaling in absence of ligand
G-protein coupled receptor signalling in absence of ligand
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activity
Combining with the sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.
G protein-coupled receptor dimeric complex
A protein complex that contains two G protein-coupled receptors.
G-protein coupled receptor dimeric complex
G protein-coupled receptor homodimeric complex
A protein complex that contains two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of the same subtype. Formation of a GPCR homodimer may be important for the transport of newly formed receptors to the cell surface, and the function of the receptor.
G-protein coupled receptor homodimeric complex
G protein-coupled receptor heterodimeric complex
A protein complex that contains two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of different subtypes. Formation of a GPCR heterodimer may alter the functional property of the GPCR.
G-protein coupled receptor heterodimeric complex
obsolete cross-receptor activation within G-protein coupled receptor heterodimer
OBSOLETE. Activation of one protomer of a consequence of a G protein-coupled (GPCR) heterodimer by the associated subunit. For example, agonist occupancy in one protomer of a GPCR dimer may activate the associated promoter.
cross-receptor inhibition within G protein-coupled receptor heterodimer
Inhibition of one protomer of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) heterodimer by the associated subunit. For example, agonist activation of one cytokine receptor can prevent activation of its associated cytokine receptor subunit.
cross-receptor inhibition within G-protein coupled receptor heterodimer
interleukin-5-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-5 binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-5-mediated signalling pathway
large latent transforming growth factor-beta complex
A protein complex containing latency-associated proteins (LAPs), mature disulphide-linked dimeric TGF-beta, and latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs). TGF-beta is mostly secreted as part of the large latent complex, and must be subsequently released from the LLC in order to bind to cell surface receptors.
G protein-coupled enkephalin receptor activity
Combining with an enkephalin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. A enkephalin is a pentapeptide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met or Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu) involved in regulating nociception in the body.
Combining with morphine (17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.
Combining with a dynorphin peptide, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Dynorphin is any opioid peptide that is generated by cleavage of the precursor protein prodynorphin.
obsolete transcription factor activity, estrogen-activated RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding
OBSOLETE. Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by binding to an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. For example, estrogen-bound receptors can bind to transcription factor complexes to regulate transcription of genes whose promoters do not contain estrogen response elements.
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor activity
Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
G-protein coupled estrogen receptor activity
The controlled release of a member of the BMP family of proteins from a cell.
negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway by negative regulation of BMP secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway by stopping, preventing or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of secretion of a member of the BMP family of proteins from the signaling cell.
negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway by negative regulation of bone morphogenetic protein secretion
negative regulation of BMP signalling pathway by negative regulation of BMP secretion
Binding to tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family.
osteoclast differentiation factor binding
receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand binding
TNF-related activation-induced cytokine binding
tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 binding
tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 binding
tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 binding
Combining with a tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) and transmitting the signal across the cell membrane to initiate a change in cell activity or function.
tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 receptor activity
A homodimeric protein complex containing two IkappaB kinase (IKK) alpha subunits.
nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling pathway
Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by nitric oxide (NO) activating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, guanylyl cyclase activity, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell following activation by cGMP.
nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signalling pathway
The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the NIK-dependent processing and activation of NF-KappaB. Begins with activation of the NF-KappaB-inducing kinase (NIK), which in turn phosphorylates and activates IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha). IKKalpha phosphorylates the NF-Kappa B2 protein (p100) leading to p100 processing and release of an active NF-KappaB (p52).
noncanonical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway
protein tyrosine kinase collagen receptor activity
Combining with collagen and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.
collagen-activated tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by collagen binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
collagen-activated RTK signaling pathway
collagen-activated tyrosine kinase receptor signalling pathway
discoidin domain receptor signaling pathway
Combining with a collagen and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
transmembrane collagen receptor activity
The series of molecular signals initiated by collagen binding to a cell surface receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a p38 MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
obsolete MAP kinase activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP by a mitogen-activated protein kinase, as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to cell wall organization or biogenesis.
obsolete MAP kinase kinase activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate, as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to cell wall organization or biogenesis.
obsolete MAP kinase phosphatase activity involved in regulation of cell wall biogenesis
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated MAP kinase + H2O = a MAP kinase + phosphate, where the MAP kinase (MAPK) is part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to cell wall biogenesis.
obsolete MAP kinase kinase kinase activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to cell wall organization or biogenesis.
obsolete MAP kinase activity involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP by a mitogen-activated protein kinase, as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to conjugation with cellular fusion.
obsolete MAP kinase kinase activity involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate, as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to conjugation with cellular fusion.
obsolete MAP kinase kinase kinase activity involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to cell wall biogenesis.
obsolete MAP kinase phosphatase activity involved in regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated MAP kinase + H2O = a MAP kinase + phosphate, where the MAP kinase (MAPK) is part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to conjugation with cellular fusion.
obsolete MAP kinase activity involved in innate immune response
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP by a mitogen-activated protein kinase, as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to an innate immune response.
obsolete MAP kinase kinase activity involved in innate immune response
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate, as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to an innate immune response.
obsolete MAP kinase kinase kinase activity involved in innate immune response
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to an innate immune response.
obsolete MAP kinase phosphatase activity involved in regulation of innate immune response
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated MAP kinase + H2O = a MAP kinase + phosphate, where the MAP kinase (MAPK) is part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to an innate immune response.
obsolete MAP kinase activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP by a mitogen-activated protein kinase, as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that passes on a signal within an osmosensory signaling pathway.
obsolete MAP kinase kinase activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate, as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that passes on a signal within an osmosensory signaling pathway.
obsolete MAP kinase kinase kinase activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that passes on a signal within an osmosensory signaling pathway.
obsolete MAP kinase phosphatase activity involved in regulation of osmosensory signaling pathway
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated MAP kinase + H2O = a MAP kinase + phosphate, where the MAP kinase (MAPK) is part of a MAPK signaling cascade that passes on a signal within an osmosensory signaling pathway.
The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own tyrosine amino acid residues, or a tyrosine residue on an identical protein.
receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation
vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding its receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway
vascular endothelial growth factor binding
Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor.
VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
vascular endothelial growth factor-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor signalling pathway
VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to an alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
vascular endothelial growth factor-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway
VEGF-activated PDGFRalpha signalling pathway
VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signalling pathway
VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
vascular endothelial growth factor-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway
VEGF-activated PDGFRbeta signalling pathway
VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signalling pathway
positive regulation of cell migration by vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the orderly movement of a cell from one site to another.
positive regulation of cell migration by vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway
positive regulation of cell migration by VEGF signaling pathway
positive regulation of cell migration by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the orderly movement of a cell from one site to another.
positive regulation of cell migration by VEGF/PDGFR signaling pathway
positive regulation of cell migration by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of cell proliferation by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.
positive regulation of cell proliferation by VEGF/PDGFR signaling pathway
positive regulation of cell proliferation by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signalling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by nodal protein binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin to an Fc receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to an Fc-gamma receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to an Fc-epsilon receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
An Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.
Fc gamma receptor-dependent phagocytosis
Fc-gamma receptor signalling pathway involved in phagocytosis
positive regulation of mast cell activation by Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway
An Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway that results in the change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.
Fc epsilon RI-dependent mast cell activation
Fc epsilon RI-mediated mast cell activation
positive regulation of mast cell activation by Fc-epsilon receptor signalling pathway
sequestering of BMP from receptor via BMP binding
Binding to a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in the extracellular region, and inhibiting BMP signaling by preventing BMP from binding to its cell surface receptor.
extracellular sequestering of bone morphogenetic protein
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex containing a type II activin receptor, a type I activin receptor, and a coreceptor of the EGF-CFC family (e.g. Cripto or Cryptic, in mammals).
Binding to a nodal protein, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily.
sequestering of nodal from receptor via nodal binding
Binding to a nodal protein in the extracellular region, and inhibiting nodal signaling by preventing nodal from binding to its cell surface receptor.
Interacting with an activin receptor complex to reduce the action of another ligand, the agonist. A receptor antagonist does not initiate signaling upon binding to a receptor, but instead blocks an agonist from binding to the receptor.
activin receptor antagonist activity involved in negative regulation of nodal signaling pathway
Interacting with an activin receptor to reduce the action of the agonist nodal. A receptor antagonist does not initiate signaling upon binding to a receptor, but instead blocks an agonist from binding to the receptor.
activin receptor antagonist activity involved in negative regulation of nodal signalling pathway
A protein complex containing at least a type II activin receptor, a type I activin receptor, and a coreceptor (EGF-CFC protein) such as Cripto or Cryptic. Nodal receptor complexes are capable of binding a nodal protein and transducing the signal into the cell.
sequestering of TGFbeta from receptor via TGFbeta binding
Binding to a transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) protein in the extracellular region, and inhibiting TGFbeta signaling by preventing TGFbeta from binding to its cell surface receptor.
extracellular sequestering of transforming growth factor-beta
Binding to choriogonadotropin hormone, a heterodimer, with an alpha subunit identical to that of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and a unique beta subunit.
nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
The series of molecular signals initiated by a nodal protein binding of to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.
nodal signalling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by nodal signaling pathway, involved in determination of left/right symmetry
negative regulation of appetite by leptin-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by leptin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, which reduces appetite, the desire or physical craving for food.
inhibition of appetite by leptin signaling
negative regulation of appetite by leptin-mediated signalling pathway
reduction of appetite by leptin-mediated signaling
suppression of appetite by leptin-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of stem cell factor to the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Stem cell factor (KIT ligand) binding to the receptor Kit mediates receptor dimerization, activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation. The activated receptor then phosphorylates various substrates, thereby activating distinct signaling cascades within the cell that trigger a change in state or activity of the cell.
stem cell factor receptor signaling pathway
interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-2 binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-2-mediated signalling pathway
interleukin-7-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-7 binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-7-mediated signalling pathway
interleukin-8-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-8 binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-8-mediated signalling pathway
interleukin-9-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-9 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-9-mediated signalling pathway
interleukin-21-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-21 binding to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-21-mediated signalling pathway
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL19 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
C-C chemokine receptor type 7 signaling pathway
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 signalling pathway
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL21 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 signalling pathway
C-C motif chemokine 19 receptor activity
Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 19 (CCL19) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 7 receptor on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signalling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL19 to a C-C chemokine type 7 receptor (CCR7) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL21 to a C-C chemokine type 7 receptor (CCR7) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
C-C motif chemokine 21 receptor activity
Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 21 (CCL21) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
small inducible cytokine A5 receptor activity
toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding of a heterodimeric TLR1:TLR2 complex, followed by transmission of the signal by the activated receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signalling pathway
toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding of a heterodimeric TLR6:TLR2 complex, followed by transmission of the signal by the activated receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signalling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. ERBB2 receptors are themselves unable to bind to ligands, but act as a signal-amplifying tyrosine kinase within a heterodimeric pair.
receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB3 on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. ERBB3 receptors have impaired kinase activity and rely on the kinase activity of the heterodimer partner for activation and signal transmission.
receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4 on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4 signaling pathway
Combining with a neuregulin, a member of the EGF family of growth factors, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Binding to a neuregulin, a member of the EGF family of growth factors.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a ERBB3 receptor on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and ERBB3. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB3. ERBB3 also has impaired kinase activity and relies on ERBB2 for activation and signal transmission.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1) on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and EGFR. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as EGFR.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a ERBB4 receptor on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and ERBB4. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB4.
The series of molecular signals transmitted by a heterodimeric complex of the tyrosine kinase receptors ERBB3 and ERBB4. The pathway begins with binding of a ligand to either cell surface receptor, or the dimeric receptor complex, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The series of molecular signals transmitted by a heterodimeric complex of the tyrosine kinase receptors EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor/ERBB1) and ERBB4. The pathway begins with binding of a ligand to either cell surface receptor, or the dimeric receptor complex, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4, followed by ligand-induced homodimerization of ERBB4 and transmission of the signal into the cell by the homodimeric ERBB4 complex. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptors ERBB4 (also called HER4) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1).
A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptors ERBB4 (also called HER4) and ERBB3 (also called HER3). ERBB3 has impaired kinase activity so relies on the kinase activity of its heterodimer partner for activation and signal transmission.
A homodimeric complex containing two monomers of the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4 (also called HER4).
A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and a ligand-activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1). ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as EGFR.
A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and a ligand-activated receptor ERBB3. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB3.
A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and a ligand-activated receptor ERBB4. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB4.
macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
macrophage colony-stimulating factor signalling pathway
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the chemokine CXCL12 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
CXCL12-activated CXCR7 signaling pathway
stromal cell-derived factor-1 signaling pathway
C-X-C motif chemokine 12 receptor activity
Combining with the C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
stromal cell-derived factor-1 receptor activity
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 2 receptor (CCR2) on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
C-C chemokine receptor type 2 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to a C-C chemokine type 2 receptor (CCR2) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
C-C chemokine receptor CCR4 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 2 receptor (CCR4) on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
C-C chemokine receptor type 4 signaling pathway
chemokine receptor CCR4 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to a C-C chemokine type 4 receptor (CCR4) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-11-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-11 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-11-mediated signalling pathway
interleukin-23-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-23 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-23-mediated signalling pathway
interleukin-3-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-3 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-3-mediated signalling pathway
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. GM-CSF binds to a heterodimer receptor (CSF2R) consisting of an alpha ligand-binding subunit, and a common beta subunit that is shared with other cytokine receptors.
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor signaling pathway
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signalling pathway
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. G-CSF binds to the receptor (CSF3R).
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor signaling pathway
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor signalling pathway
C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-X-C chemokine type 4 receptor on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
CXCL12-activated CXCR4 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12 to a C-X-C chemokine type 4 receptor (CXCR4) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
CXCL12-activated CXCR4 signalling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the peptide hormone prolactin to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
erythropoietin-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by erythropoietin (EPO) binding to the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
erythropoietin receptor signaling pathway
thrombopoietin-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by thrombopoietin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
thrombopoietin receptor signaling pathway
Combining with the glycoprotein thrombopoietin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
The series of molecular signals initiated by oncostatin-M (OSM) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. OSM can signal via at least two different receptors (a specific receptor and a LIF receptor) to activate different downstream signal transduction pathways.
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by angiotensin II binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
angiotensin II-mediated signaling pathway
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway via positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
An epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in which the signal transmitted via the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
EGFR signaling pathway via activation of NF-kappaB
epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway via positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway via I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
An epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in which the signal transmitted via I-kappaB-kinase (IKK)-dependent activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
EGFR signaling pathway via IKK/NF-kappaB cascade
EGFR signaling pathway via IKK-dependent activation of NF-kappaB
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by somatostatin binding to the somatostatin receptor (SSTR) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by somatostatin binding to a somatostatin receptor (SSTR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
somatostatin-activated somatostatin receptor signaling pathway
somatotrophin release inhibiting factor signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a cannabinoid binding to its receptor on the cell surface, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.
interleukin-33-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-33 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-33-mediated signalling pathway
interleukin-17A-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-17A binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-17A-mediated signalling pathway
Combining with the cytokine interleukin-17A and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway in response to increased oxygen levels
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway in response to an increase in oxygen levels.
negative regulation of SREBP-mediated signaling pathway in presence of oxygen
negative regulation of SREBP-mediated signaling pathway in response to increased oxygen levels
positive regulation of SREBP signaling pathway in response to decreased oxygen levels
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway in response to a decrease in oxygen levels.
positive regulation of SREBP-mediated signaling pathway in absence of oxygen
positive regulation of SREBP-mediated signaling pathway in response to decreased oxygen levels
Interacting with a death receptor such that the proportion of death receptors in an active form is increased. Ligand binding to a death receptor often induces a conformational change to activate the receptor.
complement component C5a signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a C5a component of the complement pathway binding to a complement receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process. C5a is a peptide derived from the C5 complement factor.
complement component C5a-induced signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by neurotrophin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Neurotrophins are a family of secreted growth factors that induce the survival, development, and function of neurons.
The series of molecular signals initiated by nerve growth factor (NGF) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Combining with a bile acid and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity. A bile acid is any member of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.
G protein-coupled bile acid receptor activity
Combining with an extracellular bile acid and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor activity
The series of molecular signals initiated by bile acid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
cell surface bile acid receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a bile acid to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
membrane bile acid receptor signaling pathway
intracellular bile acid receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a bile acid binding to an receptor located within a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
nuclear bile acid receptor signaling pathway
Combining with lithocholic acid and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), a structure conserved among microbial species to initiate an innate immune response.
microbe-associated molecular pattern receptor activity
pathogen associated molecular pattern receptor activity
signaling pattern recognition receptor activity
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by cholecystokinin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
cholecystokinin receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a neuropilin protein on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a neuropilin protein on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
vascular endothelial growth factor-activated neuropilin signaling pathway
Binding to a member of the neuropilin family.
gastric inhibitory peptide signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor signaling pathway
glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide signaling
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by thromboxane A2 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
thyroid-stimulating hormone signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
urokinase plasminogen activator signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by urokinase plasminogen activator binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by type III interferon binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
type III interferon-activated signaling pathway
A heterodimeric protein complex that binds a type I interferon and transmits the signal across the membrane into the cell. Consists of an alpha subunit (IFNAR1) and a beta subunit (IFNAR2).
Combining with auxin and transmitting the signal in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. Auxin is a plant hormone (phytohormone).
Combining with ethylene and transmitting the signal in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity.
ethylene receptor histidine kinase activity
Combining with ethylene and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.
A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling components including PKB (AKT) or S6K.
A series of intracellular molecular signals mediated by TORC1; TOR (target of rapamycin) in complex with at least Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of TOR), or orthologs of, and other signaling components.
A series of intracellular molecular signals mediated by TORC2; TOR (rapamycin-insensitive companion of TOR) in complex with at least Rictor (regulatory-associated protein of TOR), or orthologs of, and other signaling components.
A sodium-specific negative tropism that is crucial for surviving and thriving under high salinity.
cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activator activity
Binds to and increases the activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.
A highly conserved protein complex that recognises and elicits the rapid degradation of mRNAs in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.
A molecule that recognizes stalled ribosomes and initiates a signalling response.
Binds to and increases the activity of mRNA phosphatase.
A complex composed of ANK1, RHCE, RHAG, SLC4A1, EPB42, GYPA, GYPB and AQP1, that functions in the stability and shape of the erythrocyte membrane in human.
Combining with carbon dioxide to initiate a change in cell activity.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone H3 position 18] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[histone H3] + nicotinamide.
A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.
The process in which regions of the embryo are delineated into the area in which the pronephric kidney will develop.
specification of pronephric proximal tubule identity
The process in which the proximal tubule of the pronephric nephron acquires its identity.
specification of pronephric tubule identity
The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the pronephric nephron acquire their identity.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a pronephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the pronephros.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric nephron are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron tubule are generated and organized from an epithelium. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rectal diverticulum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The rectal diverticulum is an outgrowth of the cloaca and links the pronephric kidney to the exterior.
pronephric rectal diverticulum development
specification of pronephric distal tubule identity
The process in which the distal tubule of the pronephric nephron acquires its identity.
pronephric proximal tubule morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron proximal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.
pronephros proximal tubule morphogenesis
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric sinus is an ill-defined capillary network that lies between the pronephric tubules.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron distal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.
cell differentiation involved in pronephros development
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the pronephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
cell differentiation involved in pronephric kidney development
cell proliferation involved in pronephros development
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the pronephros.
cell proliferation involved in pronephric kidney development
cell-cell signaling involved in pronephros development
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ.
cell-cell signaling involved in pronephric kidney development
cell-cell signalling involved in pronephros development
pattern specification involved in pronephros development
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the pronephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
pattern specification involved in pronephric kidney development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephrostome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nephrostome is the opening of the pronephros into the body cavity.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pronephric nephron tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct.
The progression of the glomerulus of the pronephric kidney over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the pronephric kidney.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric duct are generated and organized. The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the kidney.
suppression by virus of host type I interferon production
Any viral process that results in the inhibition of host cell type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
negative regulation by virus of host type I interferon production
suppression by virus of host interferon type I production
suppression by virus of host type I IFN production
suppression by virus of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type I interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
negative regulation by virus of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host type I IFN-mediated signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host type I interferon-mediated signalling pathway
suppression by virus of host innate immune response
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism, the host's first line of defense.
inhibition of host innate immune response by virus
negative regulation by virus of host innate immune response
negative regulation by virus of host innate immunity
suppression by virus of host innate immunity
suppression by virus of host adaptive immune response
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adaptive immune response of the host organism, an immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for enhanced response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).
inhibition of host adaptive immune response by virus
negative regulation by virus of host adaptive immune response
negative regulation by virus of host adaptive immunity
suppression by virus of host acquired immune response
suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.
inhibition of host MHC class II molecule presentation by virus
modulation by virus of host molecular function
The process in which a virus effects a change in the function of a host protein via a direct interaction.
modification by virus of host protein function
suppression by virus of host molecular function
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of a host protein.
down regulation by virus of host protein function
down-regulation by virus of host protein function
inhibition by virus of host protein function
negative regulation by virus of host molecular function
negative regulation by virus of host protein function
obsolete suppression by virus of host receptor activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of a host receptor.
obsolete suppression by virus of host pattern recognition receptor activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of a host pattern recognition receptor. A pattern recognition receptor combines with a molecular pattern based on a repeating or polymeric structure, such as a polysaccharide or peptidoglycan, to initiate a change in cell activity.
obsolete suppression by virus of host ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity.
obsolete suppression by virus of host interferon receptor activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of a host interferon receptor.
obsolete suppression by virus of host protein tyrosine kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host protein tyrosine kinase activity.
suppression by virus of host catalytic activity
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity.
downregulation by virus of host catalytic activity
down-regulation by virus of host enzyme activity
inhibition by virus of host catalytic activity
negative regulation by virus of host catalytic activity
suppression by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signal cascade in the host organism.
downregulation by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade
down-regulation by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade
inhibition by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade
negative regulation by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade
modulation by virus of host catalytic activity
The process in which a virus effects a change in host enzyme activity.
modulation of catalytic activity of host by virus
regulation by virus of host catalytic activity
regulation of host catalytic activity by virus
obsolete modulation by virus of host protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
OBSOLETE. The process in which a virus effects a change in host protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity.
obsolete suppression by virus of host cytokine activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host cytokine activity.
Any process in which a virus effect a change in the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host.
Any process in which a virus activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host.
autophagy of host cells involved in interaction with symbiont
positive regulation by symbiont of host autophagotic process
positive regulation by symbiont of host autophagy
positive regulation by virus of host autophagy
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host.
negative regulation by virus of host autophagy
suppression by virus of host mRNA export from nucleus
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the host organism.
inhibition by virus of host mRNA nuclear export
inhibition of host mRNA nuclear export by virus
negative regulation by virus of host mRNA nuclear export
suppression of host mRNA nuclear export by virus
suppression by virus of host mRNA transcription via inhibition of RNA polymerase II activity
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host mRNA transcription by directly inhibiting RNA polymerase II activity.
inhibition of host RNA polymerase II activity by virus
inhibition of host RNA polymerase II by virus
negative regulation by virus of host RNA polymerase II activity
suppression by virus of host RNA polymerase II activity
suppression by virus of host mRNA processing
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing in the host cell. mRNA processing is the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide.
inhibition by virus of host mRNA processing
inhibition of host mRNA processing by virus
inhibition of host pre-mRNA processing by virus
negative regulation by virus of host mRNA processing
modulation by virus of host chromatin organization
Any process in which a virus effects a change in the organization of chromatin in the host.
modulation by virus of host chromatin organisation
modulation of host chromatin structure by virus
regulation by virus of host chromatin organization
modulation by virus of host apoptotic process
Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis of infected host cells.
modulation of host cell apoptosis by virus
suppression by virus of host TRAF-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TRAF-mediated signal transduction in the host.
inhibition of host TRAF-mediated signal transduction by virus
negative regulation by virus of host TRAF-mediated signal transduction
suppression by virus of host TRAF activity
suppression by virus of host tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor signaling
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding ssRNA or dsRNA from another organism to the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) RIG-1 (also known as DDX58). RIG-I detects RNA synthesized during viral replication or shed by non-viral pathogens, and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against infection, for example by inducing the expression of cytokines.
retinoic acid inducible gene I signaling pathway
RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of dsRNA from another organism to the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1). MDA-5 detects RNA synthesized during viral replication or shed by non-viral pathogens, and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against infection, for example by inducing the expression of cytokines.
melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 signaling pathway
regulation of viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in response to a virus.
regulation of viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in response to a virus.
negative regulation of cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in response to virus
negative regulation of viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signalling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1) binding to viral RNA.
regulation of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 signaling pathway
negative regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of the MDA-5 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of IFIH1 signaling pathway
negative regulation of MDA5 signaling pathway
negative regulation of MDA-5 signalling pathway
negative regulation of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the RIG-I signaling pathway.
regulation of retinoic acid inducible gene I signaling pathway
negative regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the RIG-I signaling pathway.
negative regulation of DDX58 signaling pathway
negative regulation of retinoic acid inducible gene I signaling pathway
negative regulation of RIG-I signalling pathway
suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway. This is a mechanism by which the virus evades the host innate immune response.
suppression by virus of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in response to virus
suppression by virus of host RIG-I/MDA5 signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host RIG-like helicase signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host RIG-like receptor signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host RLR signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signalling pathway
suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of host RIG-I activity
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by inhibiting the activity of RIG-1 (also known as DDX58). The cytoplasmic pattern recognition RIG-I recognizes viral RNA synthesized during active viral replication and signals to protect the host against viral infection, for example by inducing the expression of antiviral cytokines.
inhibition by virus of host DDX58 activity
inhibition by virus of host RIG-I signaling
suppression by virus of host DDX58 signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host RIG-I activity
suppression by virus of host RIG-I signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host RIG-I signalling pathway
obsolete suppression by virus of host RIG-I via RIG-I binding
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of RIG-I (also known as DDX58) by binding to RIG-I itself.
obsolete suppression by virus of host RIG-I K63-linked ubiquitination
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I (also known as DDX58), thereby suppressing RIG-I signal transduction. Lys63-linked ubiquitination of the N-terminal CARD domains of RIG-I is crucial for the cytosolic RIG-I signaling pathway to elicit host antiviral innate immunity.
obsolete suppression by virus of host RIG-I activity by viral RNA 5' processing
OBSOLETE. The post-transcriptional removal by a virus of the 5' triphosphate group of their viral RNA, thereby preventing host RIG-I from recognizing viral RNA in the host cell. The intracellular pattern recognition receptor RIG-I (also known as DDX58) recognizes viral RNAs containing 5' triphosphates; removal by the virus of the 5'-terminal triphosphate group from their genome protects the viral RNA from RIG-recognition.
obsolete suppression by virus of host RIG-I activity by RIG-I proteolysis
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by a virus resulting in the hydrolysis of the host RIG-I protein (also known as DDX58) by cleavage of peptide bonds, thereby inhibiting RIG-I signal transduction.
suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of MAVS activity
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in a host organism by reducing the activity of host MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein). MAVS is a signal transducer that lies downstream of the viral RNA receptors MDA-5 and RIG-I to coordinate host innate immune responses.
suppression by virus of host MAVS activity
suppression by virus of host mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein
obsolete suppression by virus of host MAVS activity by MAVS proteolysis
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by a virus resulting in the hydrolysis of the host MAVS (mitochondrial inhibitor of viral signaling) protein by cleavage of peptide bonds, thereby inhibiting the host innate immune response. For example, MAVS harbors a C-terminal transmembrane domain that targets it to the mitochondrial outer membrane; cleavage within this domain removes MAVS from the membrane, thus preventing it from signaling.
suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF3 activity
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in a host organism by reducing the activity of host IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3). IRF3 is a transcription factor in the RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling pathway. Viral infection triggers phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IRF3, which allows IRF3 to form a homodimer, migrate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes.
inhibition of IRF3-dependent antiviral response
suppression by virus of host interferon regulatory factor 3
suppression by virus of host IRF3 activity
obsolete suppression by virus of host IRF3 activity by inhibition of IRF3 phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the phosphorylation of IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3), thereby inhibiting IRF3 activation. In response to signaling from RIG-1/MDA-5 receptors, IRF3 is phosphorylated on multiple serine and threonine residues; phosphorylation results in the cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of IRF3, DNA binding, and increased transcriptional activation of interferon-encoding genes.
obsolete suppression by virus of host IRF3 activity by inhibition of DNA binding
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces IRF3-dependent gene transcription, by preventing or reducing IRF3 binding to promoter sites.
obsolete suppression by virus of host IRF3 activity by positive regulation of IRF3 catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3) by promoting the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of IRF3, mediated by the proteasome.
Binding to RIG-I, a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that initiates an antiviral signaling pathway upon binding to viral RNA.
obsolete suppression by virus of host chemokine activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host chemokine activity.
suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of host MDA-5 activity
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by inhibiting the activity of MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1). The cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor MDA-5 detects dsRNA synthesized during active viral replication and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against viral infection, for example by inducing the expression of antiviral cytokines.
inhibition by virus of host MDA-5 signaling
suppression by virus of host IFIH1 signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host MDA-5 activity
suppression by virus of host MDA-5 signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host MDA-5 signalling pathway
obsolete suppression by virus of host MDA-5 activity via MDA-5 binding
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1) by binding to MDA-5 itself. For example, direct binding of viral proteins to the host MDA-5 protein can inhibit interaction of MDA-5 with MAVS, its downstream signaling effector.
Binding to MDA-5, a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that initiates an antiviral signaling pathway upon binding to viral dsRNA.
suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF7 activity
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by reducing the activity of IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor-7). IRF7 a transcription factor in the RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling pathway. Viral infection triggers phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IRF7, which allows IRF7 to form a homodimer, migrate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes.
inhibition of host interferon regulatory factor-7 by virus
suppression by virus of host interferon regulatory factor 7 activity
suppression by virus of host IRF7 activity
obsolete suppression by virus of host IRF7 activity by positive regulation of IRF7 sumoylation
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces IRF7-dependent gene transcription, by promoting the sumoylation of IRF7, thereby disabling its activity.
obsolete suppression by virus of host IRF7 activity by positive regulation of IRF7 catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor-7) by promoting the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of IRF7, mediated by the proteasome.
suppression by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of host IRF9 activity
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a JAK1-STAT signaling cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host IRF9 (interferon regulatory factor-9), a transcription factor involved in the innate immune response. Viral infection triggers binding of IRF9 to phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT2, forming the ISGF3 complex. The ISGF3 complex migrates to the nucleus and activates transcription of IFN-responsive genes.
inhibition of host interferon regulatory factor-9 by virus
suppression by virus of host interferon regulatory factor 9 activity
suppression by virus of host IRF9 activity
obsolete suppression by virus of host IRF9 activity by positive regulation of IRF9 localization to nucleus
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host IRF9 (interferon regulatory factor-9) by promoting the nuclear accumulation of IRF9. For example, the reovirus mu2 protein promotes nuclear accumulation of host IRF9 by an as yet unconfirmed-mechanism.
suppression by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of STAT activity
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription). STATs are SH2 domain-containing proteins which lie downstream of many signaling receptors. Upon phosphorylation by JAKs, STAT proteins hetero- or homo-dimerize and translocate to the nucleus to activate transcription of target genes.
inhibition by virus of host STAT activity
suppression by virus of host signal transducer and activator of transcription activity
suppression by virus of host STAT activity
suppression by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of STAT1 activity
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1).
inhibition by virus of host STAT1 activity
suppression by virus of host STAT1 activity
suppression by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of STAT2 activity
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host STAT2 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 2).
inhibition by virus of host STAT2 activity
suppression by virus of host STAT2 activity
obsolete suppression by virus of host STAT1 activity by positive regulation of STAT1 catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1) by promoting the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of STAT1, mediated by the proteasome.
obsolete suppression by virus of host STAT1 activity by tyrosine dephosphorylation of STAT1
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1) activity by the removal of phosphoric residues from STAT1-O-phospho-tyrosine to form STAT1-tyrosine. For example, the viral phosphatase VH1 dephosphorylates STAT1 to reverse STAT1 activation.
obsolete suppression by virus of host STAT1 activity by negative regulation of STAT protein import into nucleus
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1) activity by retaining STAT1 in the cytoplasm, so STAT1 is unable to translocate to the nucleus to activate transcription of its target genes.
obsolete suppression by virus of host STAT1 activity by inhibition of DNA binding
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces STAT1-dependent gene transcription, by preventing STAT1 from binding to promoter sites in the nucleus.
obsolete suppression by virus of host STAT2 activity by positive regulation of STAT2 catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host STAT2 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-2) by promoting the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of STAT2, mediated by the proteasome.
obsolete suppression by virus of host STAT2 activity by negative regulation of STAT protein import into nucleus
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host STAT2 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-2) activity by retaining STAT2 in the cytoplasm, so STAT2 is unable to translocate to the nucleus to activate transcription of its target genes.
obsolete suppression by virus of host STAT1 activity by negative regulation of STAT1 tyrosine phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1) activity by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT1 protein. For example, the measles virus V protein inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, thereby preventing STAT1 activation.
obsolete suppression by virus of host STAT2 activity by negative regulation of STAT2 tyrosine phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host STAT2 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-2) activity by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT2 protein. For example, the measles virus V protein inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT2, thereby preventing STAT2 activation.
suppression by virus of host complement activation
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation. The activation of complement involves the sequential proteolysis of proteins to generate enzymes with catalytic activities. The biological functions of the complement include opsonization, inflammation, lysis of immune complexes, or enhancement of the humoral immune response. For example, the virus complement control protein (VCP) of vaccinia virus, and the complement control protein of herpesvirus inhibit C3 convertase.
inhibition of host complement activation by virus
inhibition of host complement cascade by virus
inhibition of host complement factors by virus
suppression by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of host TYK2 activity
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a JAK1-STAT signaling cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host TYK2 (tyrosine kinase 2). TYK2 is an intracellular signal-transducing tyrosine kinase that associates with the cytoplasmic tails of cytokine receptors and transmits the cytokine signal by phosphorylating receptor subunits.
suppression by virus of host non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 activity
suppression by virus of host TYK2 activity
obsolete suppression by virus of host TYK2 activity by negative regulation of TYK2 tyrosine phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host TYK2 (tyrosine kinase 2) activity by stopping, preventing or reducing phosphorylation and thereby activation of TYK2.
suppression by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of JAK1 activity
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host JAK1 (Janus Kinase 1).
inhibition of host JAK activity by virus
negative regulation by virus of host JAK
negative regulation by virus of tyrosine phosphorylation of host STAT protein
suppression by virus of host JAK1 activity
suppression by virus of host janus kinase 1 activity
suppression by virus of tyrosine phosphorylation of host STAT protein
viral inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of host STAT protein
obsolete suppression by virus of host JAK1 activity by negative regulation of JAK1 phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host JAK1 (Janus Kinase 1) activity by stopping, preventing or reducing tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 and thereby activation of JAK1.
obsolete suppression by virus of host JAK1 activity via JAK1 binding
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host JAK1 (Janus Kinase 1) activity by interacting directly and selectively with JAK1. For example, the polyoma virus T antigen binds to JAK1 and renders it inactive.
suppression by virus of host ISG15-protein conjugation
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 conjugation to a susbtrate. ISG15 is a ubiquitin-like protein that is conjugated to lysine residues on various target proteins. Viruses escape from the antiviral activity of ISG15 by using different mechanisms; the influenza B virus NS1 protein for instance blocks the covalent linkage of ISG15 to its target proteins by directly interacting with ISG15. The papain-like protease from the coronavirus cleaves ISG15 derivatives.
suppression by virus of host ISG15 activity
suppression by virus of host PKR signaling
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host PKR (Protein Kinase regulated by RNA) signaling. Host PKR signaling includes targets such as the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha, inhibiting protein synthesis as an antiviral response.
suppression by virus of host EIF2AK2 activity
suppression by virus of host PKR activity
obsolete suppression by virus of host PKR activity via double-stranded RNA binding
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host PKR (protein kinase regulated by RNA) activity by binding to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Binding of viral proteins to RNA may sequester or alter the RNA so it can not be recognized by host PKR, or may compete with PKR for dsRNA binding.
obsolete suppression by virus of host PKR activity by positive regulation of PKR nuclear localization
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host PKR (protein kinase regulated by RNA) activity by promoting the localization of PKR in the nucleus. For example, human cytomegalovirus (HMCV) gene products directly interact with PKR and inhibit its activation by sequestering it in the nucleus, away from both its activator (cytoplasmic dsRNA) and its substrate, (eIF2alpha).
obsolete suppression by virus of host PKR activity by positive regulation of PKR catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host PKR (protein kinase regulated by RNA) activity by promoting the degradation of PKR via the proteosome. For example, the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) NSs protein induces the down-regulation of PKR by degradation through proteasomes.
obsolete suppression by virus of host protein kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host protein kinase activity.
A series of reactions in which a signal is passed on to downstream proteins within the cell via PKR (also known as EIF2AK3), an intracellular protein kinase that is activated by stress signals or upon binding to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), followed by autophosphorylation. PKR plays a role in the antiviral response, phosphorylating proteins such as the translation initiation factor eIF2 to inhibit protein synthesis during viral infection. Begins with activation of PKR activity, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or inhibition of translation.
obsolete modulation by virus of host PP1 activity
OBSOLETE. The process in which a virus effects a change in host protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) activity, a serine/threonine phosphatase. Different viruses modulate host PP1 activity to remove phosphates from various cellular substrates and downregulate the host's antiviral response.
suppression by virus of host tetherin activity
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host tetherin activity. Tetherin (also known as BST2) is an alpha interferon-inducible cellular factor that impairs the release of many enveloped viruses. By blocking tetherin activity, many viruses circumvent its antiviral effects.
inhibition of host BST2/Tetherin by virus
suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation
Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
inhibition of host proteasome antigen processing by virus
obsolete suppression by virus of host TAP complex
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of the host TAP complex, a heterodimer composed of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2 (transporter associated with antigen presentation). The TAP complex functions in the transport of antigenic peptides from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, where they are loaded onto the MHC class I. By inhibiting the TAP complex, the virus prevents viral particles being presented at the cell surface, and thus evades the host immune response.
suppression by virus of G2/M transition of host mitotic cell cycle
Any viral process that decreases the rate or extent of progression from G2 phase to M phase of the host mitotic cell cycle.
suppression by virus of host exit from mitosis
Any viral process which decreases the rate or extent of a host cell leaving M phase of the cell cycle. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
inhibition of host mitotic exit by virus
endoribonuclease activity involved in viral induction of host mRNA catabolic process
Any endoribonuclease activity that contributes to the viral-induced catabolism of host mRNA.
induction by virus of catabolism of host mRNA
The process in which a virus increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of host messenger RNA (mRNA).
induction by virus of host mRNA catabolic process
obsolete modulation by virus of host protein dephosphorylation
OBSOLETE. Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dephosphorylation of a host protein.
obsolete induction by virus of host endoribonuclease activity
OBSOLETE. Any viral process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host endoribonuclease activity.
obsolete induction by virus of host nuclear polyadenylation-dependent mRNA catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The process in which a virus increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of host messenger RNA (mRNA) initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target mRNA.
suppression by virus of host transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a host DNA template.
inhibition of host transcription initiation by virus
suppression by virus of host DNA-dependent transcription, initiation
obsolete TBP-class protein binding involved in viral suppression of host transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Selective and non-covalent interaction of a viral protein with a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP) in the host, including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs), which contributes to the viral-suppression of assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a host DNA template.
suppression by virus of host translation
Any process in which a virus prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation of host mRNA, for example by cleavage of the host mRNAs.
host mRNA cleavage by viral endoribonuclease
induction by virus of host endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent mRNA catabolic process
induction by virus of host endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent mRNA decay
viral endoribonuclease activity involved in degradation of host mRNA
viral inhibition of cellular protein synthesis
obsolete TFIIB-class transcription factor binding involved in viral suppression of host transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Selective and non-covalent interaction of a viral protein with a member of the TFIIB-class of host transcription factors, which contributes to the viral-suppression of assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a host DNA template.
suppression by virus of host translation initiation
Any process in which a virus prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host translation initiation, the host process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein.
obsolete proteolysis by virus of host translation initiation factor
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by a virus resulting in the hydrolysis of a host translation initiation factor by cleavage of its peptide bonds.
obsolete suppression by virus of host translation initiation factor activity by induction of host protein dephosphorylation
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a host translation initiation factor by promoting dephosphorylation of a host protein.
obsolete suppression by virus of host translation initiation factor activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a host translation initiation factor.
obsolete modulation by virus of host protein phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of viral or host proteins in a host.
obsolete suppression by virus of host protein phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of viral or host proteins in a host.
obsolete induction by virus of host protein phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of viral or host proteins in a host.
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=1 symmetry. The T=1 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric capsomeres.
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=2 symmetry. The T=2 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric dimers.
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=3 symmetry. The T=3 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 20 hexameric capsomeres.
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with pseudo T=3 symmetry. The T=pseudo3 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 20 hexameric capsomeres.
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=4 symmetry. The T=4 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 30 hexameric capsomeres.
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=7 symmetry. The T=7 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 60 hexameric capsomeres.
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=13 symmetry. The T=13 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 120 hexameric capsomeres.
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=16 symmetry. The T=16 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 150 hexameric capsomeres.
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=25 symmetry. The T=25 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 240 hexameric capsomeres.
The outer layer of a double or triple concentric icosahedral capsid. Outer capsids are part of reoviridae and cystoviridae virions.
The inner layer of a double or triple concentric icosahedral capsid. Inner capsids are part of reoviridae and cystoviridae virions.
The intermediate layer of a triple concentric icosahedral capsid. Intermediate capsids are part of reoviridae virions.
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=147 symmetry. T=147 icosahedral capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 1460 hexameric capsomeres for a total of 8820 capsid proteins.
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=169 symmetry. T=169 icosahedral capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 1680 hexameric capsomeres for a total of 10140 capsid proteins.
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=219 symmetry. T=219 icosahedral capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 2180 hexameric capsomeres for a total of 13140 capsid proteins.
Generating a movement along a single- or double-stranded RNA molecule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
obsolete DNA translocase activity involved in viral DNA genome packaging
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive movement along a single- or double-stranded DNA molecule, that contributes to the packing of viral DNA into a capsid.
RNA translocase activity involved in viral RNA genome packaging
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive movement along a single- or double-stranded RNA molecule, which contributes to the packaging of viral RNA into a nucleocapsid.
OBSOLETE. Any process mediated by a virus that results in the death of a cell in the host organism.
killing by virus of host cell during superinfection exclusion
The viral-killing of a host cell by a pre-existing virus in response to a subsequent infection of the host cell by second virus.
killing by virus of host cells during superinfection exclusion
killing by virus of host cells involved in superinfection exclusion
suppression by virus of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.
viral inhibition of host peptidoglycan biosynthesis
suppression by virus of host cell wall biogenesis
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall biogenesis in the host organism. Cell wall biogenesis includes the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and the assembly and arrangement of these constituent parts.
The breakdown of host DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, by a virus.
lipopolysaccharide-mediated virion attachment to host cell
The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the host cell surface.
lipopolysaccharide binding involved in viral attachment to host cell
LPS binding involved in viral attachment to host cell
virion attachment, binding to host lipopolysaccharide
suppression by virus of host cell lysis in response to superinfection
The prevention or delay of host cell lysis by a pre-existing virus in response to a subsequent infection of the host cell by second virus.
suppression by virus of host cell lysis in response to superinfecting virus
viral release via suppression of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process
The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell, caused by a virus stopping, preventing, or reducing peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.
cytolysis by virus via suppression of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process
viral exit by cytolysis via suppression of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process
viral release by cytolysis via suppression of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process
The lipid bilayer of a virion contained inside the protein capsid.
The region of a virion in which the nucleic acid is confined.
The region of a host cell that contains the viral genome.
suppression by virus of host NF-kappaB cascade
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host NF-kappaB cascade.
suppression by virus of host NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
modulation by virus of host G1/S transition checkpoint
Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host cell G1/S transition checkpoint.
G1/S host cell cycle checkpoint dysregulation by virus
modulation by virus of host G0/G1 transition checkpoint
Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host cell G0/G1 transition checkpoint.
G0/G1 host cell cycle checkpoint dysregulation by virus
obsolete suppression by virus of host poly(A)-binding protein activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) activity. PABP binds to the poly(A) tail of mRNA to facilitate translation.
modulation by symbiont of host protein ubiquitination
Any process by which a symbiont increases or decreases ubiquitination of target proteins of a host organism.
modulation of host ubiquitin pathway by virus
obsolete modulation by virus of host ubiquitin-protein ligase activity
OBSOLETE. The process in which a virus effects a change in host ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. Ubiquitin-protein ligase activity catalyzes the reaction: ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine.
induction by virus of host NF-kappaB cascade
Any process in which a virus starts, promotes, or enhances a host NF-kappaB cascade.
activation by virus of host NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
suppression by virus of host transcription
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host DNA-dependent transcription; the cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA. Viral proteins can interfere with either host RNA polymerase or with transcription factors.
suppression by virus of host DNA-dependent transcription
fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane
Fusion of a virus membrane with a host endosome membrane. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in release of the virus contents into the cell.
fusion of virus membrane with host endosomal membrane
viral entry into host cell via caveolae-mediated endocytosis followed by membrane fusion with the endosome membrane
viral entry into host cell via caveolin-mediated endocytosis followed by membrane fusion with the endosome membrane
viral entry into host cell via clathrin-mediated endocytosis followed by membrane fusion with the endosome membrane
viral entry into host cell via endocytosis followed by membrane fusion with host endosome
viral entry into host cell via endocytosis followed by membrane fusion with the endosome membrane
viral penetration via endocytosis followed by caveolae-mediated membrane fusion with the endosome membrane
viral penetration via endocytosis followed by clathrin-mediated membrane fusion with the endosome membrane
obsolete transport of virus in host, cell to cell via plasmodesmata
OBSOLETE. The transport of a virus between adjacent cells in a multicellular organism using plasmodesmata. Plasmodesma is a fine cytoplasmic channel found in all higher plants, which connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.
modulation by virus of host gene expression
The process in which a virus effects a change in gene expression in its host organism. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
regulation by virus of host gene expression
suppression by virus of host gene expression
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression in the host organism. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
A protein complex containing TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1), IKBKE (I-Kappa-B kinase epsilon/IKKE/IKK-epsilon) and the DEAD box family RNA helicase DDX3.
obsolete suppression by virus of host TBK1-IKBKE-DDX3 complex activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of the host TBK1-IKBKE-DDX3 complex.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a virion.
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing in a cellular organelle, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope, occurring in a host cell.
A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost layer of the cell envelope, occurring in a host cell.
membrane fusion involved in viral entry into host cell
Merging of the virion membrane and a host membrane (host plasma membrane or host organelle membrane) that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell.
fusion of virus membrane with host membrane
fusion of virus membrane with host membrane during viral entry
viral entry into host cell via membrane fusion
lysis of host organelle involved in viral entry into host cell
The viral-induced lysis of an organelle (endosome, lysosome, or caveosome) that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Occurs once the virus is within the organelle, and results in transfer of the viral contents from the organelle compartment into the cytoplasm.
viral entry into host cell via endosome membrane lysis
viral entry into host cell via lysis of host organelle membrane
viral penetration via lysis of host organellar membrane
permeabilization of host organelle membrane involved in viral entry into host cell
Induction of organellar membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with a viral capsid. Results in release of the virus contents from an organelle into the host cell cytoplasm.
viral entry into host cell via permeabilization of host organelle membrane
viral penetration via host endosomal membrane disruption by virus
viral penetration via perforation of host organellar membrane by virus
viral penetration via permeabilization of host organellar membrane
The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a pilus on the host cell surface. Pili are retractile filaments that protrude from gram-negative bacteria. Filamentous viruses can attach to the pilus tip, whereas icosahedral viruses can attach to the pilus side.
pilus-mediated viral adsorption onto host cell
pilus-mediated viral attachment to host cell
viral entry into host cell via pilus retraction
The uptake of a virus or viral genetic material into a host cell which occurs through retraction of a virion-bound pilus.
viral entry into host cell via pilus basal pore
The uptake of a virus or viral genetic material into a host cell which occurs through retraction of the virion-bound pilus, followed by entry of the viral genome into the host cell through the pilus basal pore. Filamentous bacteriophages absorb to the tip of the F-pili and can enter the bacterial cell in this way.
filamentous viral entry into host cell via pilus retraction
viral entry into host cell via pilus retraction and membrane fusion
The uptake of a virus into a host cell which occurs via retraction of the viral-bound pilus to bring the virus in contact with the host cell membrane, followed by fusion of the bacteriophage membrane with the host outer membrane.
A turret-like appendage formed at the vertices of an icosahedral capsid.
evasion by virus of host natural killer cell activity
Any process by which a virus avoids the effects mediated by the host organism's natural killer (NK) cells.
evasion by virus of host natural killer cell response
evasion by virus of host NK cell killing
modulation of host NK-cell activity by virus
protection by virus against host NK cell cytotoxicity
suppression by virus of host natural killer cell function
suppression by virus of host natural killer cell activation
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation in the host.
suppression by virus of host NK-cell activation
evasion by virus of host dendritic cell activity
Any process by which a virus avoids the effects mediated by the host organism's dendritic cells.
evasion by virus of host dendritic cell response
impairing dendritic cell function by virus
modulation of host dendritic cell activity by virus
The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus.
exit of virus from host cell nucleus through nuclear pore
The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus through the nuclear pore.
exit of virus from host cell nucleus through nuclear pore complex
exit of virus from host cell nucleus via nuclear envelope disassembly
The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus that involves disruption of the nuclear membrane envelope by the virus.
exit of virus from host cell nucleus via nuclear envelope breakdown
viral genome ejection through host cell envelope
Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm. Caudovirales carry an ejection apparatus that can be long and contractile, long and noncontractile, or short, and is able to penetrate the host cell envelope to deliver the viral genome into the host cell cytoplasm.
viral genome injection through bacterial membranes
A crystalline protein matrix surrounding the nucleocapsids of some insect viruses after their release in the environment. Produced in the host cell, the occlusion body protects the infectious virion after death of the host.
actin-dependent intracellular transport of virus towards nucleus
The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, towards the host cell nucleus using actin filaments.
actin-dependent intracellular transport of viral material towards nucleus
A process of unidirectional viral DNA replication that takes place on a circular DNA to rapidly produce numerous copies of the viral genome. Involves creating a nick in one strand of the circular DNA molecule at the origin of replication. DNA is then synthesized by DNA polymerase. Using the non-nicked strand as a template, replication proceeds around the circular DNA molecule, displacing the nicked strand as single-stranded DNA.
rolling circle double-stranded viral DNA replication
A rolling circle viral DNA replication that begins with a double-stranded viral DNA genome.
rolling circle single-stranded viral DNA replication
A rolling circle viral DNA replication that begins with a single-stranded viral DNA genome.
A viral DNA replication process where a 3' hairpin structure in the viral single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) template serves as a primer for host enzymes to synthesize DNA.
ssDNA rolling hairpin viral DNA replication
bidirectional double-stranded viral DNA replication
A viral DNA replication process where replication occurs in both directions from the starting point. This creates two replication forks, moving in opposite directions.
viral DNA strand displacement replication
A viral DNA replication process where only one strand is replicated at once, and which releases a single stranded DNA (ssDNA).
viral double stranded DNA replication via reverse transcription
A DNA replication process that uses viral RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strands.
A viral genome replication process where the template genome is negative stranded, single stranded RNA ((-)ssRNA).
A viral genome replication process where the template genome is positive stranded, single stranded RNA ((+)ssRNA). Replication of the positive strand leads to dsRNA formation, which in turn is transcribed into positive single stranded RNA.
A viral genome replication process where the template genome is double stranded RNA (dsRNA). Genomic dsRNA is first transcribed into single-stranded (ss) mRNA, which is then replicated to ds-genomic RNA.
single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate
A viral genome replication where the template is single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), and which proceeds via a double stranded DNA (dsDNA) intermediate molecule. Viral genomic RNA is first reverse transcribed into dsDNA, which integrates into the host chromosomal DNA, where it is transcribed by host RNA polymerase II.
viral ssRNA replication via dsDNA intermediate
A transcription process that uses a viral DNA as a template.
A transcription process that uses viral RNA as a template.
negative stranded viral RNA transcription
A viral transcription process that uses negative stranded (-) single stranded (ss) RNA as a template.
polyadenylation of viral mRNA by polymerase stuttering
Polyadenylation of viral mRNA through a polymerase stuttering mechanism. The stop signal present at the end of each gene comprises a stretch of uridine on which the viral polymerase acquires a stuttering behavior: after each adenine inserted, the polymerase moves back one nucleotide along with the mRNA. It resumes transcription adding a new adenine, then again moves back, thereby producing a polyA tail.
An innate immune response evasion mechanism in which a virus methylates the 2'-O-ribose of the first or second transcribed nucleotide of its mRNAs. Methylation allows evasion of the host innate immune response, which degrades cap0 (non-methylated) mRNAs.
fusion of viral membrane with host outer nuclear membrane
Fusion of a viral primary envelope with the host outer nuclear membrane during nuclear egress. The transitory primary envelope is acquired by the virus as it buds at the inner nuclear membrane and gains access to the perinuclear space. This membrane is lost by fusing with the host outer nuclear membrane during nuclear exit.
fusion of viral membrane with host outer nuclear membrane involved in nuclear egress
viral primary envelope fusion with host outer nuclear membrane
microtubule-dependent intracellular transport of viral material towards cell periphery
The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle towards the cell periphery using host microtubules. Mostly used by viruses that replicate their genome near or in the nucleus to allows newly assembled viral progeny to reach the plasma membrane.
Viral budding which uses a host ESCRT protein complex, or complexes, to mediate the budding process.
viral budding through the ESCRT machinery
The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of RNA.
A viral translation initiation mechanism where ribosomes are loaded onto viral mRNA at the 5'-cap structure and start scanning for a short distance before by-passing the large internal leader region and initiating at a downstream start site.
The continuation of translation of a viral mRNA beyond a stop codon by the use of a special tRNA that recognizes the UAG and UGA codons as modified amino acids, rather than as termination codons.
Binding to a coreceptor. A coreceptor acts in cooperation with a primary receptor to transmit a signal within the cell.
pore formation by virus in membrane of host cell
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components by a virus to form a pore complex in a membrane of a host organism.
pore formation in membrane of host cell by virus
The assembly of a virus capsid that occurs in the nucleus. The assembly of large icosahedral shells for herpesviridae and adenoviridae requires structural proteins that act as chaperones for assembly.
The assembly of a virus capsid that occurs in the cytoplasm.
The assembly of an icosahedral viral capsid in the cytoplasm. Often occurs by assembling around the viral genome.
The assembly of a helical viral capsid in the cytoplasm. Occurs by assembling around the viral genome.
obsolete induction by virus of host catalytic activity
OBSOLETE. Any viral process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host catalytic activity.
An intracellular compartment in a host cell which increases the efficiency of viral replication, and shields the virus from host defenses. Viral factories can be either cytoplasmic or nuclear and often arise from extensive rearrangement of host cell cytoskeletal and/or cell membrane compartments.
A viral factory located in the cytoplasm of a host cell.
A viral factory located in the nucleus of a host cell.
A cytoplasmic viral factory that is electron dense due to high levels of viral RNA. Produced by nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV) like Poxviridae, Asfarviridae and Iridoviridae, and dsRNA viruses like Reoviridae.
A cytoplasmic viral factory which is a 50-400nm diameter membrane invagination. Spherules can appear on several enveloped cellular components depending on the virus.
A cytoplasmic viral factory that consists of a double-membrane bound vesicle. Has a diameter of 200-300nm and is derived from the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus. Produced by Picornaviridae, Nidovirales, Arteriviridae and Coronaviridae.
A cytoplasmic viral factory derived from the Golgi in which Bunyaviridae replication takes place. Tubes are membranous structures close to the assembly and budding sites, and their function may be to connect viral replication and morphogenesis inside viral factories.
A nuclear viral factory formed by Baculoviruses. A vesicular structure in which virions are assembled.
A nuclear viral factory formed at the periphery of the host cell nucleus by Baculoviruses.
suppression by virus of host toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in the host organism.
suppression by virus of host TLR signaling pathway
suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in a host organism by reducing the activity of a host serine/threonine kinase TBK1.
suppression by virus of host TBK1 activity
suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IKBKE activity
Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by reducing the activity of host I-kappa-B kinase epsilon (IKBKE/IKK-epsilon/IKK-E).
suppression by virus of host IKBKE activity
establishment of mitotic spindle localization
The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the mitotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs.
establishment of mitotic spindle localisation
mitotic spindle positioning and orientation
mitotic spindle positioning or orientation
spindle positioning involved in mitotic cell cycle
collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle development
Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle anabolism
collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle biosynthetic process
collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle formation
collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle synthesis
Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
chitin-based cuticle biosynthetic process
collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle attachment to epithelium
Attaching of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle to the epithelium underlying it. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
chitin-based cuticle attachment to epithelium
Attaching of a chitin-containing cuticle to the epithelium underlying it. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
obsolete protein-based cuticle attachment to epithelium
OBSOLETE. Attaching of a protein-based cuticle to the epithelium underlying it.
The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development.
Any process that modulates the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.
Any process that increases the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.
Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.
regulation of multicellular organism growth
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size.
negative regulation of multicellular organism growth
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.
The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.
positive regulation of multicellular organism growth
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.
positive regulation of embryonic development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic nuclear division, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes.
hermaphrodite germ-line sex determination
The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in the germ line of a hermaphrodite.
feminization of hermaphroditic germ-line
The determination of female sex and sexual phenotype in the germ-line of the hermaphrodite.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.
positive regulation of vulval development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.
negative regulation of vulval development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.
epigenetic regulation of gene expression
A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression through chromatin remodelling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or the DNA. Once established, this regulation may be maintained over many cell divisions. It can also be heritable in the absence of the instigating signal.
regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
obsolete regulation of molecular function, epigenetic
OBSOLETE. Any heritable epigenetic process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within snRNA, resulting in a change in the properties of the snRNA.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic soma are generated and organized.
A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway mediated by the action of small regulatory non-coding RNAs (sRNAs). sRNAs are 20-500 nucleotides in length and found in bacteria.
downregulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
inhibition of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
RNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation
regulation of development, heterochronic
Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached.
obsolete hermaphrodite genitalia development
OBSOLETE. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hermaphrodite genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structures.
regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
regulation of FGF receptor signaling pathway
regulation of FGF receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
downregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of FGF receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of FGF receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of FGFR signaling pathway
polar body extrusion after meiotic divisions
The cell cycle process in which two small cells are generated, as byproducts destined to degenerate, as a result of the first and second meiotic divisions of a primary oocyte during its development to a mature ovum. One polar body is formed in the first division of meiosis and the other in the second division; at each division, the cytoplasm divides unequally, so that the polar body is of much smaller size than the developing oocyte. At the second division in which a polar body is formed, the polar body and the developing oocyte each contain a haploid set of chromosomes.
Migration of a cell in a multicellular organism that, having changed its location, is required to induce normal properties in one or more cells at its new location. An example of this would be the distal tip cells of Caenorhabditis elegans.
Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of temperature.
behavioral response to temperature stimulus
behavioural response to temperature stimulus
translocation of peptides or proteins into host
The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
translocation of peptides or proteins into other organism during symbiotic interaction
translocation of peptides or proteins into other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
transport of peptides or proteins into host
transport of peptides or proteins into other organism during symbiotic interaction
The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a hermaphroditic organism's soma. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Promotion of male sex and sexual phenotypes in the hermaphroditic nematode soma. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Promotion of female sex and sexual phenotypes in the hermaphroditic soma. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
masculinization of hermaphroditic germ-line
The determination of male sex and sexual phenotype in the germ-line of the hermaphrodite. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Combining with interleukin-18 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-15 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-16 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-19 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-20 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-22 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-23 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor complex binding
Binding to a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor complex.
granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor complex binding
A protein complex that binds interleukin-12 and that consists of, at a minimum, a dimeric interleukin and its two receptor subunits as well as optional additional kinase subunits.
Regulated re-replication of DNA within a single cell cycle, resulting in an increased cell ploidy. An example of this process occurs in the synthesis of Drosophila salivary gland cell polytene chromosomes.
A membrane-bounded organelle as it is found in the host cell in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.
obsolete cyclophilin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: peptidylproline (omega=180) = peptidylproline (omega=0).
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of 14-Ala-Leu-15 in insulin B chain and cleavage of 413-Lys-Leu-414 in alpha chain of fibrinogen.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces an ATP hydrolysis activity.
obsolete angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor activity
OBSOLETE. Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme, thereby preventing the synthesis of angiotensin II from its precursor, angiotensin I.
obsolete peptidyl-L-lysine methyl ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-lysine
OBSOLETE. The modification of a C-terminal peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-L-lysine methyl ester.
peptidyl-histidine methylation, to form pros-methylhistidine
The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-3'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-methylhistidine, pros-methylhistidine).
peptidyl-histidine methylation, to form tele-methylhistidine
The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-1'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-methylhistidine, tele-methylhistidine).
vanadium incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
The incorporation of vanadium a metallo-sulfur cluster such as VFe(7-8)S(n).
vanadium incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster
metal incorporation into metallo-molybdopterin complex
The incorporation of a metal into a metallo-molybdopterin complex.
tungsten incorporation into tungsten-molybdopterin complex
The incorporation of tungsten into a tungsten-molybdopterin complex.
Binding to a neurexin, a synaptic cell surface protein related to latrotoxin receptor, laminin and agrin. Neurexins act as cell recognition molecules at nerve terminals.
The directed movement of substances that are in liquid form in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of fluid across epithelia.
W-molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
W-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
The behavior of an organism in response to an odor.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of acyl-CoA within a cell.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The assembly and arrangement of a rhabdomere within a cell. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments.
regulation of dopamine metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl-histone. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.
Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of that signal.
obsolete transforming growth factor beta receptor anchoring activity
OBSOLETE. Binds to transforming growth factor beta receptor and anchors it to a particular subcellular location.
regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway
regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of EGFR signaling pathway
The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
long-term strengthening of neuromuscular junction
Any process that results in an increase in the efficacy of transmission at a neuromuscular synapse.
The process that results in the generation of glial cells. This includes the production of glial progenitors and their differentiation into mature glia.
obsolete cell adhesion receptor regulator activity
Growth of glial cells, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.
Glial cell growth that occurs in the perineurium, a cell layer that ensheaths projections of peripheral nerves, such as motor axons.
establishment of ommatidial planar polarity
The specification of polarized ommatidia. Ommatidia occur in two chiral forms. The trapezoidal arrangement of photoreceptors in the dorsal part of the eye is the mirror image of that in the ventral part.
regulation of pteridine metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
regulation of catecholamine metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamines.
maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification
Maintenance of the oocyte nucleus in a particular position within the cell during the establishment and maintenance of the axes of the oocyte. An example of this process is found In Drosophila melanogaster.
maintenance of oocyte nucleus localization during oocyte axis determination
maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis determination
maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal-ventral axis specification
maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsoventral axis specification
maintenance of oocyte nucleus position during oocyte axis determination
oocyte axis determination, maintenance of oocyte nucleus localization
oocyte axis determination, maintenance of oocyte nucleus position
oocyte axis determination, oocyte nucleus anchoring
oocyte nucleus anchoring during oocyte axis determination
Combining with a leucokinin, any of several octapeptide hormones found in insects, and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
obsolete cell adhesion receptor inhibitor activity
The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium, mediated by motor proteins.
intraflagellar transport involved in cilium organization
intraflagellar transport involved in microtubule-based flagellum organisation
The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression).
nickel incorporation into nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide
The incorporation of nickel into a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide, found in carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.
nickel incorporation into nickel-iron-sulphur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulphide
The glycosylation of peptidyl-amino acids through a phosphoester bond forming, for example, GlcNAc-alpha-1-P-Ser residues.
protein amino acid phosphate-linked glycosylation
protein phosphate-linked glycosylation via serine
The glycosylation of peptidyl-serine through a phosphoester bond forming, for example, GlcNAc-alpha-1-P-Ser residues.
protein amino acid phosphate-linked glycosylation via serine
The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes.
obsolete GPI/GSI anchor metabolic process
obsolete GPI/GSI anchor biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchors, which attach membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The sphingolipid group is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via a ethanolamine phosphate group, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GSI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage.
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-dependent methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule; dependent on the presence of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate.
5-methyltetrahydrofolate-dependent methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule; dependent on the presence of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate.
5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate-dependent methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule; dependent on the presence of 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate.
5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin-dependent methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule, dependent on the presence of 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.
An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis, and which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 1 cells, most notably interferon-gamma, IL-2, and lymphotoxin.
An immune response which is associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths and pathological conditions such as allergy, which is orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines, most notably IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, by any of a variety of cell types including T-helper 2 cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and nuocytes, resulting in enhanced production of certain antibody isotypes and other effects.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized thymocyte acquires specialized features of a T-helper cell.
obsolete alpha-beta T cell receptor activity
The expansion of a T cell population by cell division. Follows T cell activation.
obsolete gamma-delta T cell receptor activity
The expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation.
A protein complex that contains a disulfide-linked heterodimer of T cell receptor (TCR) chains, which are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and mediates antigen recognition, ultimately resulting in T cell activation. The TCR heterodimer is associated with the CD3 complex, which consists of the nonpolymorphic polypeptides gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and, in some cases, eta (an RNA splice variant of zeta) or Fc epsilon chains.
positive regulation of T cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.
positive regulation of T lymphocyte proliferation
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte proliferation
positive regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.
activation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
positive regulation of resting T cell proliferation
positive regulation of T-cell homeostatic proliferation
positive regulation of T lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
stimulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
upregulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
up regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
up-regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.
activation of activated T cell proliferation
positive regulation of activated T-cell proliferation
positive regulation of activated T lymphocyte proliferation
positive regulation of activated T-lymphocyte proliferation
stimulation of activated T cell proliferation
upregulation of activated T cell proliferation
up regulation of activated T cell proliferation
up-regulation of activated T cell proliferation
A T cell receptor complex in which the TCR heterodimer comprises alpha and beta chains, associated with the CD3 complex; recognizes a complex consisting of an antigen-derived peptide bound to a class I or class II MHC protein.
alpha-beta T lymphocyte receptor complex
alpha-beta T-lymphocyte receptor complex
A T cell receptor complex in which the TCR heterodimer comprises gamma and delta chains, associated with the CD3 complex; recognizes antigen directly, without a requirement for processing and presentation by an MHC protein.
gamma-delta T lymphocyte receptor complex
gamma-delta T-lymphocyte receptor complex
The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
The change in morphology and behavior of an endothelial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).
Catalysis of the splitting and linkage of glucan molecules, resulting in glucan chain elongation.
Catalysis of the splitting and linkage of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan molecules, resulting in (1->3)-beta-D-glucan chain elongation.
The addition of a galactose molecule to a protein amino acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid.
regulation of cell population proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.
The nitrogen metabolic process that encompasses the uptake of nitrate from the environment and reduction to ammonia, and results in the incorporation of nitrogen derived from nitrate into cellular substances.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell proliferation.
regulation of T lymphocyte proliferation
regulation of T-lymphocyte proliferation
negative regulation of T cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.
negative regulation of T-cell proliferation
negative regulation of T lymphocyte proliferation
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte proliferation
Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine phosphate + H2O = thiamine + phosphate.
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate.
D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase activity
D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase activity
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase activity
fructose 1,6-diphosphate phosphatase activity
fructose bisphosphate phosphatase activity
fructose diphosphate phosphatase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitters, any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.
Binding to an unprocessed ribosomal RNA transcript.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.
neurotransmitter biosynthesis and storage
neurotransmitter biosynthetic process and storage
The process of binding or confining a neurotransmitter such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I. This results in the initiation of meiotic recombination.
early meiotic recombination nodule assembly
During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes during leptotene and zygotene.
late meiotic recombination nodule assembly
During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes during pachytene. Involved in the catalysis crossing over.
OBSOLETE. Exports diffusible peptide signals that are responsible for binding to other cells and triggering a series of responses to facilitate mating.
OBSOLETE. The strong but reversible binding of a heavy metal ion by a larger molecule such as protein.
The fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.
homotypic vacuole fusion, non-autophagic
homotypic vacuole fusion (non-autophagic)
The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
retrograde (endosome to Golgi) transport
The process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose.
A process of DNA recombination occurring within a plasmid or between plasmids and other plasmids or DNA molecules.
An organelle found in cnidoblast (nematoblast) cells. When matured, these stinging organelles store toxins and can deliver them when the cnidocil (a short extension of the cnidocyst) is stimulated by a prey or another stimulus.
The reverse transcription of an RNA molecule followed by recombination between the resultant cDNA and its homologous chromosomal allele.
OBSOLETE. Binding to proteins with similar structure/function to receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases.
obsolete zinc-mediated transcriptional activator activity
OBSOLETE. Initiates or upregulates transcription in the presence of zinc.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid or lipid residues occurring in a lipoprotein, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids or the lipid group.
Binding to a telomere, a specific structure at the end of a linear chromosome required for the integrity and maintenance of the end.
Binding to the beta subunit of interleukin-12.
Binding to the alpha subunit of interleukin-12.
Binding to a neurotransmitter, any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.
Binding to acetylcholine, an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline that functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.
Binding to a SH2 domain (Src homology 2) of a protein, a protein domain of about 100 amino-acid residues and belonging to the alpha + beta domain class.
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a plastid and form the plastid envelope.
lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to lysophosphatidic acid to form phosphatidic acid.
regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore formation.
negative regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation.
nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network
The continuous network of membranes encompassing the nuclear outer membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
nuclear envelope-endoplasmic reticulum continuum
nuclear envelope-endoplasmic reticulum network
nuclear membrane-endoplasmic reticulum continuum
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
regulation of cellular protein breakdown
regulation of cellular protein catabolic process
regulation of cellular protein catabolism
regulation of cellular protein degradation
negative regulation of protein catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process.
downregulation of cellular protein breakdown
down regulation of cellular protein breakdown
down-regulation of cellular protein breakdown
downregulation of cellular protein catabolic process
down regulation of cellular protein catabolic process
down-regulation of cellular protein catabolic process
downregulation of cellular protein catabolism
down regulation of cellular protein catabolism
down-regulation of cellular protein catabolism
downregulation of cellular protein degradation
down regulation of cellular protein degradation
down-regulation of cellular protein degradation
downregulation of protein catabolic process
down regulation of protein catabolic process
down-regulation of protein catabolic process
inhibition of cellular protein breakdown
inhibition of cellular protein catabolic process
inhibition of cellular protein catabolism
inhibition of cellular protein degradation
negative regulation of cellular protein breakdown
negative regulation of cellular protein catabolic process
negative regulation of cellular protein catabolism
negative regulation of cellular protein degradation
negative regulation of protein breakdown
negative regulation of protein catabolism
negative regulation of protein degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms, as carried out by individual cells. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylene, a mixture of three colorless, aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, ortho-, meta- and para-xylene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of m-xylene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of o-xylene, (1,2-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene), a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide.
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane breakdown
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane catabolism
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal which can accumulate in tissues, particularly in fish species.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinate, the anion of quinic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, in the presence of oxygen.
chlorinated hydrocarbon metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorinated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with chlorine atoms.
halogenated hydrocarbon metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving halogenated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms. Halogens include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanuric acid, a suspected gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, and a potential degradation product of triazine herbicides, such as atrazine and simazine. It is widely used for the stabilization of available chlorine in swimming pool water and is also the starting compound for the synthesis of many organic derivatives.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanuric acid, a potential degradation product of triazine herbicides.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-cyclopropylmelamine, a triazine compound commonly used as an insect growth regulator insecticide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-cyclopropylmelamine, a triazine compound commonly used as an insecticide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms.
chlorinated hydrocarbon catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorinated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with chlorine atoms.
halogenated hydrocarbon catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of halogenated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of styrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon liquid used in the manufacture of polystyrene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propylene, an alkene produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen and synthesized by some higher plants.
octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane catabolic process to dimethylsilanediol
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane into dimethylsilanediol. The former is a tetramer of the latter.
catabolic process of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane to DMSD
catabolism of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane to DMSD
octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane breakdown to dimethylsilanediol
octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane degradation to dimethylsilanediol
The aerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dimethylsilanediol, the smallest member of the dialkylsilanediols. Dimethylsilanediol is the monomer of polydimethylsiloxane, a compound which can be found in a wide range of industrial and consumer products.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cresol, a mixture of the aromatic alcohol isoforms o-, p-, and m-cresol, which is obtained from coal tar or petroleum. The isomers are used as disinfectants, textile scouring agents, surfactants and as intermediates in the manufacture of salicylaldehyde, coumarin, and herbicides as well as being a major component of creosote.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of m-cresol (3-hydroxytoluene), the meta-isoform of cresol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons that are made up of isoprene (C5H8) units which may be cyclic, acyclic or multicyclic, saturated or unsaturated, and may contain various functional groups.
anaerobic phenol-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.
anaerobic phenol-containing compound metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate breakdown
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate catabolism
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate degradation
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate anabolism
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate biosynthesis
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate formation
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthesis
cellular modified amino acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
cellular amino acid derivative breakdown
cellular amino acid derivative catabolic process
cellular amino acid derivative catabolism
cellular amino acid derivative degradation
cellular modified amino acid degradation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.
cobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase activity
Catalysis of the conversion of cobyrinic acid to cobyrinic acid a,c-diamide via the intermediate formation of cobyrinic acid c-monoamide.
cobyrinate a,c diamide synthase activity
cobyrinate a,c-diamide synthase activity
cobyrinate a c diamide synthase activity
cobyrinate a c-diamide synthase activity
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an asexual spore wall, the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from an asexual process. Examples of this process are found in Bacterial and Fungal species.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a spore wall; a spore wall is the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.
Any process that results in the repair of damaged RNA.
The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues.
establishment of planar polarity of follicular epithelium
Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of a follicular epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.
maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium
The maintenance of an established polarized follicular epithelial sheet.
establishment of planar polarity of embryonic epithelium
Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an embryonic epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.
maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium
The maintenance of an established polarized embryonic epithelial sheet.
maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium
The maintenance of an established polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium.
establishment of planar polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium
Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of a larval imaginal disc epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mature ribosome and of its subunits.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the large and small ribosomal subunits into a functional cytosolic ribosome. Distinct stages of this process take place first in the nucleolus, then in the nucleus and finally in the cytosol.
molybdenum incorporation via L-serinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide
The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-serinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.
obsolete peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioasparagine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-asparagine
OBSOLETE. The modification of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioasparagine, typical of bacterial ribosomal protein S12.
Any process in which DNA is protected from damage by, for example, oxidative stress.
Combining with neuropeptide F and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. Neuropeptide F is an arthropod peptide of more than 28 residues (typically 28-45) with a consensus C-terminal RxRFamide (commonly RPRFa, but also RVRFa.
The hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-hydroxyaspartic acid.
peptidyl-aspartic acid/asparagine hydroxylation
obsolete peptidyl-asparagine hydroxylation
OBSOLETE. The hydroxylation of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-hydroxyasparagine.
natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
The directed killing of a target cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.
natural killer cell mediated cell killing
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.
regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.
regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell death
regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell killing
regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytolysis
regulation of natural killer-cell mediated cytolysis
regulation of NK cell mediated cell death
regulation of NK cell mediated cell killing
regulation of NK cell mediated cytolysis
regulation of NK cell mediated cytotoxicity
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
The process of protecting a cell from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.
protection from natural killer cell mediated cell death
protection from natural killer cell mediated cell killing
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytolysis
protection from NK cell mediated cell death
protection from NK cell mediated cell killing
protection from NK cell mediated cytolysis
protection from NK cell mediated cytotoxicity
susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
The process of causing a cell to become susceptible to natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.
susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cell death
susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cell killing
susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cytolysis
susceptibility to NK cell mediated cell death
susceptibility to NK cell mediated cell killing
susceptibility to NK cell mediated cytolysis
susceptibility to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity
A protein complex that contains two proteins (know in several organisms, including Drosophila, as NXF1 and NXF2) and is required for the export of the majority of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; localized in the nucleoplasm and at both the nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic faces of the nuclear pore complex; shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a large ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
ribosomal large subunit biogenesis and assembly
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a small ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
ribosomal small subunit biogenesis and assembly
The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA via processes such as template switching, which does not remove the replication-blocking lesions but does not increase the endogenous mutation rate.
The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions and causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For example, in E. coli, a low fidelity DNA polymerase, pol V, copies lesions that block replication fork progress. This produces mutations specifically targeted to DNA template damage sites, but it can also produce mutations at undamaged sites.
Binding to a peptide, an organic compound comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
nitrite reductase (cytochrome, ammonia-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + 2 H2O + 6 ferricytochrome c = nitrite + 6 ferrocytochrome c + 7 H+.
ammonia:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity
nitrite reductase (cytochrome; ammonia-forming)
obsolete cell surface antigen activity, host-interacting
OBSOLETE. Functions as an immunogenic target for the host immune system that masks other invariant surface molecules from immune recognition.
dolichyl pyrophosphate Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the addition of the first glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.
dolichyl-P-Glc:Man9GlcNAc2-PP-dolichyl glucosyltransferase activity
dolichyl pyrophosphate Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the addition of the second glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.
dolichyl-P-Glc:Glc1Man9GlcNAc2-PP-dolichyl glucosyltransferase activity
sphingolipid delta-4 desaturase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroceramide + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ -> a sphingosine ceramide (aka (4E)-sphing-4-enine ceramide) + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.
delta-4 sphingolipid desaturase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a xylosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate = 5-aminolevulinate.
(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate 4,5-aminomutase activity
glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase activity
Binding to a major histocompatibility complex molecule; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.
major histocompatibility complex binding
Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class I molecule; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.
major histocompatibility complex class I binding
major histocompatibility complex class I ligand
Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class II molecule; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.
major histocompatibility complex class II binding
major histocompatibility complex class II ligand
Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier URM1, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier Hub1, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-URM1 + Y --> Y-URM1 + X, where both X-URM1 and Y-URM1 are covalent linkages.
Catalysis of the transfer of ISG15 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ISG15 + Y --> Y-ISG15 + X, where both X-ISG15 and Y-ISG15 are covalent linkages.
A behavioral process whose outcome is a relatively long-lasting behavioral change whereby an organism modifies innate vocalizations to imitate sounds produced by others.
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = lupeol. This reaction is the cyclization of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene (2,3-oxidosqualene) to lupeol.
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = beta-amyrin. This reaction is the cyclization and rearrangement of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene (2,3-oxidosqualene) into beta-amyrin.
oxidosqualene:beta-amyrin cyclase activity
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cuticle.
The periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin, etc.
regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils.
specification of segmental identity, mandibular segment
The specification of the characteristic structures of the mandibular segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
regulation of protein import into nucleus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
regulation of protein import into cell nucleus
regulation of protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
activation of protein import into nucleus
positive regulation of protein import into cell nucleus
positive regulation of protein-nucleus import
positive regulation of protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
stimulation of protein import into nucleus
upregulation of protein import into nucleus
up regulation of protein import into nucleus
up-regulation of protein import into nucleus
negative regulation of protein import into nucleus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
downregulation of protein import into nucleus
down regulation of protein import into nucleus
down-regulation of protein import into nucleus
inhibition of protein import into nucleus
negative regulation of protein import into cell nucleus
negative regulation of protein-nucleus import
negative regulation of protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
Any homoeostatic process in which an organism maintains its internal body temperature at a relatively constant value. This is achieved by using metabolic processes to counteract fluctuations in the temperature of the environment.
A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels, especially arteries, due to constriction of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually causing an increase in blood pressure.
negative regulation of blood vessel size
An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, due to relaxation of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure.
positive regulation of blood vessel size
Any process resulting in the inhibition or termination of the activity of protein kinase C.
Binding to bacteriochlorophyll, a form of chlorophyll found in photosynthetic bacteria, such as the purple and green bacteria. There are several types, designated a to g. Bacteriochlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll b are structurally similar to the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b found in plants.
obsolete cytosol nonspecific dipeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of dipeptides, preferentially hydrophobic dipeptides including prolyl amino acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system. Penicillins are produced naturally during the growth of various microfungi of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.
downregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
down regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
down-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
inhibition of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
downregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
down regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
down-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
inhibition of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.
downregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
down regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
down-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
inhibition of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule.
Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.
heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + heparan sulfate = UDP + (N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-heparan sulfate.
heparan sulphate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
heparin N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
structural constituent of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus.
directed movement in response to stimulus
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to gravity.
taxis in response to gravitational stimulus
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of an oxidizable substrate, for example, fructose.
taxis in response to oxidizable substrate
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of an alternative electron acceptor, for example, nitrate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss.
obsolete cuticle development involved in protein-based cuticle molting cycle
OBSOLETE. Synthesis and deposition of a protein-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. Examples of this process are found in invertebrate species.
cuticle development involved in chitin-based cuticle molting cycle
The synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based non-cellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
chitin-based cuticle development during molting
cuticle biosynthetic process during molting
cuticle development involved in collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle molting cycle
Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle development during molting
The chemical reactions and pathways involving keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan; indoles are biologically active substances based on 2,3-benzopyrrole, formed during the catabolism of tryptophan.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan.
guiding stereospecific synthesis activity
The orientation of free radical substrates in such a way that only a particular stereoisomer is synthesized by an enzyme. Best characterized as a function during lignan biosynthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
'de novo' GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose from GDP-D-mannose via GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose, requiring the functions of GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (EC:4.2.1.47) and GDP-L-fucose synthase (EC:1.1.1.271).
GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis, de novo pathway
GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process, de novo pathway
The formation of GDP-L-fucose from L-fucose, without de novo synthesis. L-fucose is phosphorylated by fucokinase and then converted by fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (EC:2.7.7.30).
GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis, salvage pathway
GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process, salvage pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fucose (6-deoxygalactose).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-fucose, 6-deoxy-L-galactose, a sugar that occurs in fucans, a class of polysaccharides in seaweeds, especially Fucus species, and in the cell wall matrix of higher plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-fucose (6-deoxy-Lgalactose).
GDP-4-dehydro-D-rhamnose reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+. In the reverse reaction, a mixture of GDP-D-rhamnose and its C-4 epimer is formed.
GDP-4-keto-D-rhamnose reductase activity
GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose:NAD(P)+ 4-oxidoreductase activity
guanosine diphosphate-4-keto-D-rhamnose reductase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.
thiamine pyrophosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.
thiamine pyrophosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of menaquinones, any of the quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.
multiprenylmenaquinone catabolic process
fat-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.
water-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
The removal of one or more phosphate groups from thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phylloquinone, vitamin K1, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals. Vitamin K substances share a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and vary in the aliphatic side chains attached to the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phylloquinone, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants. Phylloquinone has vitamin K activity and is known as vitamin K1.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phylloquinone, vitamin K1, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals.
hydroxymethylbutenyl pyrophosphate reductase activity
Catalysis of the formation of both isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate from (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate.
(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate reductase (IPP and DMAPP forming)
Any process in which factors in the hemolymph (the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate blood and lymph) precipitate into insoluble clots in order to prevent loss of body fluid, and at the same time prevent the movement of microbes. Hemolymph coagulation is also part of the invertebrate humoral immune response.
Discrete subnuclear bodies in the interchromatin nucleoplasmic space, often located adjacent to nuclear specks. 10-20 paraspeckles are typically found in human cell nuclei.
The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers.
A myosin complex containing a class III myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin III is monomeric myosin that serves as a link between the cytoskeleton and the signaling complex involved in phototransduction, and differs from all other myosins in having an N-terminal kinase domain.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
The process in which a hemocyte precursor cell acquires the characteristics of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte. Plasmatocytes are a class of arthropod hemocytes important in the cellular defense response.
gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway, G-alpha-dependent
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid and dependent on the coupling of the alpha subunit of G proteins to the hormone receptors.
gibberellic acid mediated signalling, G-alpha-dependent
Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-3 double bond into the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain.
gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway, G-alpha-independent
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid and not dependent on the coupling of the alpha subunit of G proteins to the hormone receptors.
gibberellic acid mediated signalling, G-alpha-independent
Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O = sphingosine + phosphate.
sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
Binding to a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaryotic or archaeal chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in gene regulation and DNA replication. They may be chemically modified (methylated, acetlyated and others) to regulate gene transcription.
OBSOLETE. The shedding of the old protein-based cuticular fragments during the molting cycle. Examples of this process are found in invertebrates.
ecdysis, collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle
The shedding of the old collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle fragments during the molting cycle. Examples of this process are found in invertebrates.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.
cellular modified amino acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
amino acid derivative biosynthetic process
cellular amino acid derivative anabolism
cellular amino acid derivative biosynthesis
cellular amino acid derivative biosynthetic process
cellular amino acid derivative formation
cellular amino acid derivative synthesis
cellular modified amino acid biosynthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the formation of any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.
cellular biogenic amine biosynthetic process
cellular biogenic amine catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the breakdown of biogenic amines, any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
An intranuclear focus at which aggregated proteins have been sequestered.
extrinsic component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic to endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The assembly of cristae, the inwards folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
obsolete myrcene/(E)-beta-ocimene synthase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the conversion of geranyl diphosphate (GPP) into the acyclic monoterpenes beta-myrcene, (E)-beta-ocimene, and other minor cyclic monoterpenes.
caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + caffeoyl-CoA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + feruloyl-CoA.
caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase activity
caffeoyl coenzyme A methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase activity
trans-caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + pimelate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + pimelyl-CoA.
6-carboxyhexanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
6-carboxyhexanoyl-CoA synthetase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.
indole-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan).
indole-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.
indole-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.
ethanolamine-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol) and compounds derived from it.
ethanolamine and derivative metabolic process
ethanolamine-containing compound metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.
arginine biosynthetic process via ornithine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid) via the intermediate compound ornithine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nopaline into other compounds, including proline.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopine into other compounds, including proline.
Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light.
Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve.
Development of photoreceptors, sensory cells that react to the presence of light, found in the ocellus.
dosage compensation by hypoactivation of X chromosome
Compensating for the two-fold variation in X:autosome chromosome ratios between sexes by an inactivation of a proportion of genes on both of the X chromosomes of the XX sex, leading to a decrease, of half, of the levels of gene expression from these chromosomes. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the rate of movement depends on the intensity (rather than the direction) of the stimulus.
A response by a motile cell to a soluble chemical that involves an increase or decrease in speed (positive or negative orthokinesis) or of frequency of movement or a change in the frequency or magnitude of turning behavior (klinokinesis).
The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the speed or frequency of movement is increased or decreased.
The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the frequency or magnitude of turning behavior is altered.
Catalysis of the reduction of versicolorin A to sterigmatocystin.
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. Melanosomes are synthesized in melanocyte cells.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the ear are generated and organized. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outer ear are generated and organized. The outer ear is the part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the middle ear are generated and organized. The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window).
odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel.
odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth
odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food.
odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth
regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.
regulation of eye photoreceptor development
positive regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.
activation of eye photoreceptor cell development
positive regulation of eye photoreceptor development
stimulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
upregulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
up regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
up-regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
negative regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.
downregulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
down regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
down-regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
inhibition of eye photoreceptor cell development
negative regulation of eye photoreceptor development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.
regulation of odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.
positive regulation of odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth
positive regulation of tooth development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.
negative regulation of odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth
negative regulation of tooth development
regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.
regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth
regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth
positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages that are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.
positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth
positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth
negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx.
negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth
negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mechanoreceptor, a cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system.
inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized inner cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic cell acquires specialized features of a gamma-delta T cell. A gamma-delta T cell is a T cell that expresses a gamma-delta T cell receptor complex.
gamma-delta T lymphocyte differentiation
gamma-delta T-lymphocyte differentiation
The series of events in which a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Bacterial lipoproteins are lipoproteins characterized by the presence of conserved sequence motifs called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
detection of triacyl bacterial lipopeptide
The series of events in which a triacylated bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Triacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of three acyl groups.
detection of triacylated bacterial lipoprotein
perception of triacylated bacterial lipopeptide
perception of triacylated bacterial lipoprotein
detection of diacyl bacterial lipopeptide
The series of events in which a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Diacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of two acyl groups.
detection of diacylated bacterial lipoprotein
perception of diacylated bacterial lipopeptide
perception of diacylated bacterial lipoprotein
Binding to a lipopeptide containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of three acyl groups.
Binding to a lipopeptide containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of two acyl groups.
obsolete signal peptide peptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the intramembrane proteolysis of a signal peptide, following its removal from a preprotein.
aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain, occurring within a membrane.
The process of introducing a phosphate group to a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
benzene-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation, or any of its derivatives.
benzene and derivative metabolic process
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin; especially, the proteolytic cleavage of hemoglobin to yield free heme, peptides, and amino acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
protein N-linked glycosylation via arginine
The glycosylation of protein via peptidyl-arginine, omega-N-glycosyl-L-arginine.
protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation via arginine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melibiose, the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.
The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. A cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
cell wall modification involved in multidimensional cell growth
The series of events resulting in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls and contribute to multidimensional cell growth.
cell wall modification during multidimensional cell growth
regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.
The stabilization of the photosystem II protein complex, resulting from the phosphorylation of its structural protein subunits, in a cell actively involved in photosynthesis.
The stabilization of the photosystem I protein complex, resulting from the phosphorylation of its structural protein subunits, in a cell actively involved in photosynthesis.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state.
The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.
The enzymatic generation of superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species, by a cell in response to environmental stress, thereby mediating the activation of various stress-inducible signaling pathways.
A hexameric protein complex required for the initiation and regulation of DNA replication.
eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase regulator activity
Modulates the activity of the enzyme eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase.
eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase activator activity
Binds to and increases the activity of the enzyme eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase.
pteridine-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.
pteridine and derivative metabolic process
pteridine-containing compound metabolism
pteridine-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.
pteridine and derivative biosynthetic process
pteridine-containing compound biosynthesis
pteridine-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.
pteridine and derivative catabolic process
pteridine-containing compound catabolism
pteridine-containing compound degradation
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = alpha-amyrin. This reaction is a cyclization and rearrangement of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene (2,3-oxidosqualene) into alpha-amyrin.
Binding to an hormone, a naturally occurring substance secreted by specialized cells that affect the metabolism or behavior of cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. Hormones may be produced by the same, or different, cell as express the receptor.
obsolete importin alpha-subunit nuclear export complex
OBSOLETE. A protein complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus, the importin alpha-subunit/CAS/Ran, and which functions to transport the importin alpha-subunit out of the nucleus through the nuclear pore.
NLS-dependent protein nuclear import complex
A dimer consisting of an alpha and a beta-subunit that imports proteins with an NLS into the nucleus through a nuclear pore.
A complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus and yeast, the export receptor CRM1 (also known as exportin 1), the Ran protein and any RNA with a nuclear export sequence (NES). The complex acts to export RNA molecules with a NES from the nucleus through a nuclear pore.
A spherical, membrane-bounded organelle found in some anaerobic protozoa, which participates in ATP and molecular hydrogen formation.
insulin-like growth factor ternary complex
A complex of three proteins, which in animals is approximately 150kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), or -5 (IGFBP-5) and an acid-labile subunit (ALS). The complex plays a role in growth and development.
insulin-like growth factor binary complex
A complex of two proteins, which in animals is 50kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and one of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), -2 (IGFBP-2), -4 (IGFBP-4) and -6 (IGFBP-6). The complex plays a role in growth and development.
An immunoglobulin complex that is secreted into extracellular space and found in mucosal areas or other tissues or circulating in the blood or lymph. In its canonical form, a circulating immunoglobulin complex is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Some forms of are polymers of the basic structure and contain additional components such as J-chain and the secretory component.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinol, one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.
A protein complex that possesses DNA polymerase activity and is involved in template directed synthesis of DNA.
obsolete aspartyl aminopeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal aspartate or glutamate from a peptide, with a preference for aspartate.
Catalysis of the reaction: a phospholipid + H2O = a lipid + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: RPO-R' + H2O = RPOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of any phosphoric ester bond, any ester formed from orthophosphoric acid, O=P(OH)3.
Cytoplasmic organelles, spherical or oval in shape, that are bounded by a single membrane and contain oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
A specialised tubular organelle, assembled in hexagonal bundles within an external membrane. Mannosomes are specific to molluscs and are thought to be involved in a general stress reaction.
Granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.
Primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes. Contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.
Specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a chromaffin granule, a specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
The enlarged, fluid filled nucleus of a primary oocyte, the development of which is suspended in prophase I of the first meiotic division between embryohood and sexual maturity.
Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-L-methionyl peptide + H2O = formate + methionyl peptide.
formyl-L-methionyl peptide amidohydrolase activity
Cytoplasmic bead-like structures of animal cells, visible by electron microscope. Each granule is a functional unit with the biosynthesis and catabolism of glycogen being catalyzed by enzymes bound to the granule surface.
A membrane-bounded, cytoplasmic secretory granule found in enzyme-secreting cells and visible by light microscopy. Contain zymogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, often of a digestive enzyme.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a zymogen granule.
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
antigen presentation, exogenous antigen via major histocompatibility complex class I
antigen presentation, exogenous antigen via MHC class I
exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state.
negative regulation of homeostatic process
positive regulation of homeostatic process
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment.
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
The response of an organism to a perceived external threat.
The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall (Fungi and Gram-positive Bacteria).
OBSOLETE. Any of the small, heterogeneous, artifactual, vesicular particles that are formed when some cells are homogenized.
A membrane-bounded organelle, specialized for the storage and secretion of various substances (surfactant phospholipids, glycoproteins and acid phosphates) which are arranged in the form of tightly packed, concentric, membrane sheets or lamellae. Has some similar properties to, but is distinct from, a lysosome.
A protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish.
Portion of the cell formed during the process of bacterial sporulation that will ultimately become the core of the endospore. An endospore is a type of dormant cell that is resistant to adverse conditions.
Catalysis of the reaction: reduced riboflavin + NADP+ = riboflavin + NADPH + 2 H+.
NADPH:riboflavin oxidoreductase activity
NADPH dehydrogenase (riboflavin) activity
NADPH-riboflavin oxidoreductase activity
reduced-riboflavin:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
riboflavine mononucleotide reductase activity
riboflavin mononucleotide (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
riboflavin mononucleotide reductase activity
A protective structure surrounding some fungi and bacteria, attached externally to the cell wall and composed primarily of polysaccharides. Capsules are highly organized structures that adhere strongly to cells and cannot be easily removed. Capsules play important roles in pathogenicity, preventing phagocytosis by other cells, adherance, and resistance to dessication.
Binding to a T cell receptor, the antigen-recognizing receptor on the surface of T cells.
Binding to a CD4, a receptor found on the surface of T cells, monocytes and macrophages.
Binding to a CD8, a receptor found on the surface of thymocytes and cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes.
A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC alpha chain and, in most cases, either an MHC class II beta chain or an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide, lipid, or polysaccharide antigen.
A transmembrane protein complex composed of a MHC class I alpha chain and an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide antigen. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC class II alpha and MHC class II beta chain, and with or without a bound peptide or polysaccharide antigen.
Binding to a CD70, a receptor found on the surface of most activated B cells and some activated T cells.
Binding to CD154, a receptor found on the surface of some activated lymphocytes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of paclitaxel, a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polymer of beta-hydroxybutyrate and a common storage material of prokaryotic cells.
poly-hydroxybutyrate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polymer of beta-hydroxybutyrate and a common storage material of prokaryotic cells.
poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
The membrane surrounding the outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction is not directly coupled to any other reaction.
ATPase-coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other, driven by the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate.
ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions
ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent ion transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity
Primary active transporter of a solute across a membrane, via the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of a substance across a membrane. The transport protein may be transiently phosphorylated (P-type transporters), or not (ABC-type transporters and other families of transporters). Primary active transport occurs up the solute's concentration gradient and is driven by a primary energy source.
ATPase activity, coupled to movement of substances
ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances
ATP-coupled transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent transmembrane transporter activity
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, catalyzing transmembrane movement of substances
P-P-bond-hydrolysis-driven transmembrane transporter activity
A large lipoprotein particle (diameter 75-1200 nm) composed of a central core of triglycerides and cholesterol surrounded by a protein-phospholipid coating. The proteins include one molecule of apolipoprotein B-48 and may include a variety of apolipoproteins, including APOAs, APOCs and APOE. Chylomicrons are found in blood or lymph and carry lipids from the intestines into other body tissues.
The deposition of a plug of sperm or other gelatinous material into the opening of the vulva by a male at the termination of copulation. Probably acts to prevent subsequent matings by other males.
Coarse, bluish-black staining cytoplasmic granules, bounded by a plasma membrane and found in mast cells and basophils. Contents include histamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfates, chymase and tryptase.
behavioral response to water deprivation
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of water.
behavioural response to water deprivation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of water.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell.
positive regulation of cholesterol homeostasis
The cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.
The regression phase of the hair cycle during which cell proliferation ceases, the hair follicle shortens, and an anchored club hair is produced.
The growth phase of the hair cycle. Lasts, for example, about 3 to 6 years for human scalp hair.
Any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins.
The myosin part of any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins.
OBSOLETE. The actin part of any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins.
The region of a chloroplast to which the DNA is confined.
The region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined.
The region of a plastid to which the DNA is confined.
The region of a proplastid to which the DNA is confined.
A circular DNA molecule containing chloroplast encoded genes.
Underdeveloped thylakoids found in etioplasts, lacking competent photosynthetic membranes. Rapidly develop into mature thylakoids in the presence of light.
The membrane of prothylakoids, underdeveloped thylakoids found in etioplasts, lacking competent photosynthetic membranes.
The pigmented membrane of any thylakoid.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, peripheral segment
The peripheral segment of respiratory chain complex I located in the mitochondrion. Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex. The complete complex is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix.
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex, peripheral segment
NADH-Q oxidoreductase complex, peripheral segment
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, membrane segment
The mitochondrial membrane segment of respiratory chain complex I. Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex. The complete complex is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix.
NADH-Q oxidoreductase complex, membrane segment
ecdysis-triggering hormone receptor activity
Combining with ecdysis-triggering hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
OBSOLETE. The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase kinase kinase (JNKKK) activity.
JUN kinase kinase kinase kinase activity
Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of JUN kinase kinase kinases (JNKKKs).
MHC class II protein binding, via lateral surface
Binding to the lateral surface of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules.
major histocompatibility complex class II protein binding, via lateral surface
MHC class II protein binding, via antigen binding groove
Binding to the antigen binding groove of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules.
major histocompatibility complex class II protein binding, via antigen binding groove
Any process that mediates the adoption of a specific fate by a cell.
positive regulation of cell fate specification
Any process that activates or enables a cell to adopt a specific fate.
up regulation of cell fate specification
up-regulation of cell fate specification
regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.
negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.
downregulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
down regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
down-regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
inhibition of mesodermal cell fate specification
regulation of endodermal cell fate specification
Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an endoderm cell.
regulation of endoderm cell fate specification
negative regulation of endodermal cell fate specification
Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an endoderm cell.
downregulation of endodermal cell fate specification
down regulation of endodermal cell fate specification
down-regulation of endodermal cell fate specification
inhibition of endodermal cell fate specification
negative regulation of endoderm cell fate specification
regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification
Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an ectoderm cell.
regulation of ectoderm cell fate specification
negative regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification
Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an ectoderm cell.
downregulation of ectodermal cell fate specification
down regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification
down-regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification
inhibition of ectodermal cell fate specification
negative regulation of ectoderm cell fate specification
auditory receptor cell fate specification
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
auditory receptor cell fate determination
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell fate specification
Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an auditory hair cell.
regulation of auditory hair cell fate specification
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal cone cell.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification
Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a retinal cone cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye cone cell, a cone-shaped cell, that focuses light in a compound eye.
The process in which the cone cells of the compound eye, the lens-secreting cells in the ommatidia, adopt pathways of differentiation that lead to the establishment of their distinct cell type.
compound eye cone cell fate specification
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a compound eye cone cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
compound eye cone cell fate determination
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a compound eye cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
regulation of compound eye cone cell fate specification
Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a compound eye cone cell.
negative regulation of compound eye cone cell fate specification
Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a compound eye cone cell.
downregulation of cone cell fate specification
down regulation of cone cell fate specification
down-regulation of cone cell fate specification
inhibition of cone cell fate specification
The process in which a cell becomes committed to becoming a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification
Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
The process in which a hemocyte precursor cell acquires the characteristics of a crystal cell, a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.
regulation of crystal cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.
negative regulation of crystal cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.
downregulation of crystal cell differentiation
down regulation of crystal cell differentiation
down-regulation of crystal cell differentiation
inhibition of crystal cell differentiation
positive regulation of crystal cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.
activation of crystal cell differentiation
stimulation of crystal cell differentiation
upregulation of crystal cell differentiation
up regulation of crystal cell differentiation
up-regulation of crystal cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell.
The process in which the cellular identity of muscle cells is acquired and determined.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The beginning of development of the breasts in the female.
The beginning of the menstrual cycle; the first menstrual cycle in an individual.
Cessation of menstruation, occurring in (e.g.) the human female usually around the age of 50.
The type of sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.
follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by follicle-stimulating hormone binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
follicle stimulating hormone signaling pathway
follicle stimulating hormone signalling pathway
follicle-stimulating hormone signalling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by luteinizing hormone binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
The regulated release of progesterone, a steroid hormone, by the corpus luteum of the ovary and by the placenta.
The regrowth of the endometrium and blood vessels in the uterus following menstruation, resulting from a rise in progesterone levels.
The cyclic, physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and endometrial tissues from the nonpregnant uterus.
The sloughing of the endometrium and blood vessels during menstruation that results from a drop in progesterone levels.
ocellus photoreceptor cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a photoreceptor cell found in the ocellus.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an eye photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.
ocellus photoreceptor cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into photoreceptor cell in the ocellus. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of elastin.
A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP or GTP.
A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
Female behaviors associated with the care and rearing of offspring.
Male behaviors associated with the care and rearing offspring.
The expulsion of seminal fluid, thick white fluid containing spermatozoa, from the male genital tract.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA or RNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on one or more X chromosomes.
dosage compensation complex assembly involved in dosage compensation by hypoactivation of X chromosome
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on both X chromosomes in the monogametic sex, ultimately resulting in a two-fold reduction in transcription from these chromosomes. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
dosage compensation complex assembly during dosage compensation by hypoactivation of X chromosome
A pigment-bearing structure that is derived from the cytoplasmic membrane, sometimes consisting of simple invaginations and sometimes a complete vesicle. This component is found in certain photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria.
plasma membrane-derived chromatophore membrane
The lipid bilayer associated with a plasma membrane-derived chromatophore; surrounds chromatophores that form complete vesicles.
Discrete structures that partition the water-insoluble portion of the yolk of oocytes and ova, which may or may not be membrane enclosed.
mitochondrial intermembrane space protein transporter complex
Soluble complex of the mitochondrial intermembrane space composed of various combinations of small Tim proteins; acts as a protein transporter to guide proteins to the Tim22 complex for insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane.
mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase complex
Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane, consisting of at least two subunits, involved in processing of both nuclear- and mitochondrially-encoded proteins targeted to the intermembrane space.
mitochondrion inner membrane peptidase complex
TIM22 mitochondrial import inner membrane insertion complex
A multi-subunit complex embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane that mediates the inner membrane insertion of multi-transmembrane spanning proteins that contain internal targeting elements. In yeast cells, TIM22 is a 300-kDa complex, consisting of four membrane integral subunits, Tim22, Tim54, Tim18 and Sdh3, and a peripheral chaperone complex consisting of the small TIM proteins, Tim9-Tim10-Tim12.
mitochondrial inner membrane protein insertion complex
mitochondrial protein translocase complex
alpha-beta T cell activation by superantigen
The change in morphology and behavior of alpha-beta T cells resulting from exposure to a superantigen, a microbial antigen with an extremely potent activating effect on T cells that bear a specific variable region.
alpha-beta T-cell activation by superantigen
alpha-beta T lymphocyte activation by superantigen
alpha-beta T-lymphocyte activation by superantigen
thiamine-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it.
thiamin and derivative metabolic process
thiamin-containing compound metabolic process
thiamine and derivative metabolic process
vitamin B1 and derivative metabolic process
thiamine-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine (vitamin B1), and related compounds.
thiamin and derivative biosynthetic process
thiamin-containing compound biosynthetic process
thiamine and derivative biosynthetic process
thiamine-containing compound biosynthesis
vitamin B1 and derivative biosynthetic process
thiamine-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it.
thiamin and derivative catabolic process
thiamin-containing compound catabolic process
thiamine and derivative catabolic process
thiamine-containing compound degradation
vitamin B1 and derivative catabolic process
flavin-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.
riboflavin and derivative metabolic process
vitamin B2 and derivative metabolic process
flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.
riboflavin and derivative biosynthetic process
vitamin B2 and derivative biosynthetic process
flavin-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.
flavin-containing compound catabolic process breakdown
flavin-containing compound catabolic process degradation
riboflavin and derivative catabolic process
vitamin B2 and derivative catabolic process
A large protein complex, containing around 8-10 subunits in yeast, including Duo1p, Dam1p, Dad1p and Ask1p. The complex forms part of the outer kinetochore, associates with microtubules when the kinetochore attaches to the spindle, and plays a role in spindle attachment, chromosome segregation and spindle stability.
condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore-associated DASH complex
A process that solubilizes fibrin in the bloodstream of a multicellular organism, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin.
Binding to a PH domain (pleckstrin homology) of a protein, a domain of about 100 residues that occurs in a wide range of proteins involved in intracellular signaling or as constituents of the cytoskeleton.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the digit are generated and organized. A digit is one of the terminal divisions of an appendage, such as a finger or toe.
A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.
A membrane-bounded plant organelle found in the developing endosperm, contains storage proteins.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NADH = ADP + 2 H+ + NADPH.
reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide kinase activity
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase (phosphorylating)
obsolete endogenous drug catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a drug that has originated internally within the cell or organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an antibiotic that has originated externally to the cell or organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an antibiotic that has originated internally within the cell or organism.
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction
resistance response to pathogenic bacteria
resistance response to pathogenic bacterium
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm.
The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.
A stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity.
circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
All sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep. These stages are characterized by a slowing of brain waves and other physiological functions.
regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the circadian sleep/wake cycle.
Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a period of dormancy in which to pass the winter. It is characterized by narcosis and by sharp reduction in body temperature and metabolic activity and by a depression of vital signs.
Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a period of dormancy, similar to hibernation, but that occurs during the summer. It insulates against heat to prevent the harmful effects of the season.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.
The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue.
The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water.
Extremely large, unmyelinated axon found in invertebrates. Has high conduction speeds and is usually involved in panic or escape responses.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a long-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.
very long-chain fatty acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a very long chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons.
very-long-chain fatty acid catabolic process
very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a very long chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons.
very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur, the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur.
A cell or part of the cell that constitutes an early developmental stage of a spore, a small reproductive body that is highly resistant to desiccation and heat and is capable of growing into a new organism, produced especially by certain bacteria, fungi, algae, and nonflowering plants.
An immature spore undergoing development. The spore usually consists of nucleic acid, prospore membrane(s) that encase the nucleic acid, and ultimately a cell wall that covers the membrane(s). This type of spore is observed in ascospore-forming fungi.
An enzyme complex which in humans and yeast consists of at least five proteins; for example, the complex contains GAA1, GPI8, PIG-S, PIG-U, and PIG-T in human, and Gaa1p, Gab1p, Gpi8p, Gpi16p, and Gpi17p in yeast. Catalyzes the posttranslational attachment of the carboxy-terminus of a precursor protein to a GPI-anchor.
OBSOLETE. The movement of nucleosomes along a DNA fragment.
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 22.
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 2.
obsolete DNA damage response, detection of DNA damage
OBSOLETE. The series of events required to receive a stimulus indicating DNA damage has occurred and convert it to a molecular signal.
signal transduction in response to DNA damage
A cascade of processes induced by the detection of DNA damage within a cell.
DNA damage induced protein phosphorylation
DNA damage response, signal transduction
response to DNA damage stimulus by intracellular signaling cascade
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in transcription
A cascade of processes initiated in response to the detection of DNA damage, and resulting in the induction of transcription.
ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP.
plasma membrane ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP in the plasma membrane.
mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP, as it occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane or chloroplast thylakoid membrane.
organelle ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis
The transport of protons across a mitochondrial membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.
mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
proton motive force-driven plasma membrane ATP synthesis
The transport of protons across the plasma membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.
plasma membrane ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
The process in which the 3'-terminal CCA of a tRNA is removed and restored. This often happens to uncharged tRNA.
Cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA; may involve endonucleolytic or exonucleolytic cleavage, or both.
The process in which the 3' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA.
3'-tRNA processing endoribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing extra 3' nucleotides from tRNA precursor, generating 3' termini of tRNAs. A 3'-hydroxy group is left at the tRNA terminus and a 5'-phosphoryl group is left at the trailer molecule.
3' tRNA processing endoribonuclease activity
A process by which an organism avoids the effects of the host organism's immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
active evasion of immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
evasion by virus of host immune response
evasion or tolerance of host immune response
mitigation by virus of host immune response
mitigation of host immune response by virus
passive evasion of immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
suppression by virus of host immune response
evasion of host immune response via modulation of host complement system
Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the host complement system, e.g. by possessing complement receptors which mediate attachment to, then infection of, host macrophages, which are eventually destroyed. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
active evasion of host immune response via regulation of host complement system
active evasion of immune response of other organism via regulation of complement system of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
active immune evasion via modulation of host complement system
active immune evasion via regulation of host complement system
evasion of host immune response via regulation of host complement system
evasion of host immune response via modulation of host cytokine network
Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating host cytokine networks, e.g. by secreting proteins that mimic cytokine receptors that act to sequester host cytokines and inhibit action. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
active evasion of host immune response via regulation of host cytokine network
active evasion of immune response of other organism via regulation of cytokine network of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
active immune evasion via modulation of host cytokine network
active immune evasion via regulation of host cytokine network
evasion of host immune response via regulation of host cytokine network
evasion of host immune response via modulation of host antigen processing and presentation
Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the host's antigen processing or presentation pathways, e.g. by blocking any stage in MHC class II presentation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
active evasion of host immune response via regulation of host antigen processing and presentation
active evasion of host immune response via regulation of host antigen processing and presentation pathway
active evasion of immune response of other organism via regulation of antigen processing and presentation in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
active immune evasion via modulation of antigen processing/presentation
active immune evasion via modulation of antigen processing and presentation
active immune evasion via regulation of antigen processing and presentation
evasion of host immune response via regulation of host antigen processing and presentation
A ribosome bound to mRNA that forms part of a polysome.
The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.
mRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
nucleolar large rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase I
The synthesis of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript which encodes several rRNAs, e.g. in mammals 28S, 18S and 5.8S, from a nuclear DNA template transcribed by RNA polymerase I.
transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter
transcription of nuclear rRNA large Pol I transcript
transcription of nucleolar large rRNA by RNA polymerase I
5S class rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III
The synthesis of 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), or an equivalent rRNA, from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a type 1 RNA polymerase III promoter.
5S class rRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter
obsolete mitochondrial rRNA transcription
OBSOLETE. The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from a mitochondrial DNA template.
The synthesis of RNA from a plastid DNA template, usually by a specific plastid RNA polymerase.
The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from a plastid DNA template, usually by a specific plastid RNA polymerase.
rRNA transcription from plastid promoter
snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II
The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II promoter.
snRNA transcription from Pol II promoter
snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III
The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.
snRNA transcription from Pol III promoter
snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III
The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.
tRNA transcription from Pol III promoter
tRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
obsolete protein neddylation during NEDD8 class-dependent protein catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (or equivalent protein) to another protein, as a part of NEDD8-dependant protein catabolism.
histone H4K20 methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H4 L-lysine (position 20) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H4 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 20). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 20 of the histone H4 protein.
histone-H4K20 methyltransferase activity
histone H4 lysine 20-specific methyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-methyltransferase activity (H4-K20 specific)
histone methylase activity (H4-K20 specific)
histone methyltransferase activity (H4-K20 specific)
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 4). This reaction is the addition of up to three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.
histone H3 lysine 4-specific methyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-methyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific)
histone methylase activity (H3-K4 specific)
histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific)
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the addition of a phosphate group onto a serine or threonine residue in any member of the polo kinase class of proteins.
Binding to an identical protein or proteins.
Binding to an identical protein to form a homodimer.
obsolete protein homooligomerization activity
OBSOLETE. Interacting selectively with identical proteins to form a homooligomer.
Binding to actinin, any member of a family of proteins that crosslink F-actin.
Binding to fucose, the pentose 6-deoxygalactose.
A membrane-enclosed sac that takes up most of the volume of a mature plant cell. Functions include storage, separation of toxic byproducts, and cell growth determination.
obsolete neuronal Cdc2-like kinase binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to neuronal Cdc2-like kinase, an enzyme involved in the regulation of neuronal differentiation and neuro-cytoskeleton dynamics.
Binding to a nuclear vitamin D receptor, a nuclear receptor that mediates the action of vitamin D by binding DNA and controlling the transcription of hormone-sensitive genes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.
Combining with a Wnt protein and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
Polarized growth from one end of a cell.
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size along one axis through simultaneous polarized growth from opposite ends of a cell, resulting in morphogenesis of the cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin B6 compounds: pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, one of the vitamin B6 compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.
pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.
A large, multisubunit complex which consists of the MHC class I-beta 2 microglobulin dimer, the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), tapasin (an MHC-encoded membrane protein), the chaperone calreticulin and the thiol oxidoreductase ERp57. Functions in the assembly of peptides with newly synthesized MHC class I molecules.
A heterodimer composed of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2 (transporter associated with antigen presentation). Functions in the transport of antigenic peptides from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.
transporter associated with antigen presentation
Electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a protozoan that act to protect the cell or organism.
defense response to protozoan, incompatible interaction
resistance response to pathogenic protozoa
resistance response to pathogenic protozoan
Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a non-covalent manner, with peptidoglycan, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.
Binding to a BRE RNA element (Bruno response element).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate. D-glucarate is derived from either D-glucose or L-gulose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.
4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.
4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.
4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).
chrysobactin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
chrysobactin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).
pyochelin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
pyochelin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis.
The process in which aldarate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The process in which D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate, is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The process in which aldonate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The process in which D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate, is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The process in which D-galactonate, the D-enantiomer of galactonate, is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
aldarate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of aldarate from one side of a membrane to the other.
D-glucarate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
aldonate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of aldonate from one side of a membrane to the other.
D-glucuronate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
D-galactonate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of D-galactonate, the D-enantiomer of galactonate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The process in which L-arabinose, the L-enantiomer of arabinose, is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of cysteine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of microcin, a class of glycine-rich, bactericidal peptides (antibiotics) produced by some enteric bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of microcin B17, a bactericidal peptide (antibiotic) produced by some enteric bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
amide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, from one side of a membrane to the other.
molybdenum ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of molybdenum (Mo) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
obsolete 3-phenylpropionic acid transport
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of 3-phenylpropionic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
obsolete 3-phenylpropionic acid transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of 3-phenylpropionic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of fosmidomycin, a phosphonic acid derivative with potent activity against Gram-negative organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
obsolete antibiotic transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, from one side of a membrane to the other.
chloramphenicol transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, from one side of a membrane to the other.
polymyxin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, from one side of a membrane to the other.
fosmidomycin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of fosmidomycin, a phosphonic acid derivative with potent activity against Gram-negative organisms, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The process in which arabinan is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
arabinose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of arabinose, a pentose monosaccharide that occurs in both D and L configurations, and as a polymer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
arabinan transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of an arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues, from one side of a membrane to the other.
peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via L-threonyl-pentaglycyl-murein
The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via a carboxy terminal threonine carboxyl group through a pentaglycyl peptide to the lysine or diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl(alpha-tubulin) + H2O = alpha-tubulin + acetate.
9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative.
The directed movement of xanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Xanthine (2,6-dihydroxypurine) is a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine, but is not present in nucleic acids.
xanthine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of xanthine from one side of a membrane to the other. Xanthine (2,6-dihydroxypurine) is a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine, but is not present in nucleic acids.
The directed movement of a xenobiotic into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of acridine (10-azaanthracene), a heterocyclic ring compound found in crude coal-tar anthracene, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of a xenobiotic from one side of a membrane to the other. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
multidrug, alkane resistant pump activity
obsolete acridine transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the directed movement of acridine (10-azaanthracene), a heterocyclic ring compound found in crude coal-tar anthracene from one side of a membrane to the other.
colicin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a colicin from one side of a membrane to the other. Colicins are a group of antibiotics produced by E. coli and related species that are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1.
group A colicin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of a colicin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Colicins are a group of antibiotics produced by E. coli and related species that are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1.
The directed movement of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of an alkanesulfonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Alkanesulfonates are organic esters or salts of sulfonic acid containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical.
The directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transmembrane transport
The directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid transport
glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by glucocorticoid binding to its receptor.
glucocorticoid receptor signalling pathway
Binding to one or more specific sites on a neuromedin U receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with neuropeptides, peptides with direct synaptic effects (peptide neurotransmitters) or indirect modulatory effects on the nervous system (peptide neuromodulators).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with neuromedin U, a hypothalamic peptide involved in energy homeostasis and stress responses.
benzoate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) from one side of a membrane to the other.
3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid transporter activity
3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transporter activity
m-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transporter activity
A process in which ferrichrome is transported into the cell by specific cell surface receptors. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.
ferrichrome transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of a ferrichrome from one side of a membrane to the other. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.
The directed movement of the siderochrome enterobactin, a cyclic trimer of 2, 3 dihydroxybenzoylserine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
enterobactin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of the siderochrome enterochelin, a cyclic trimer of 2, 3 dihydroxybenzoylserine from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
chrysobactin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine) from one side of a membrane to the other.
achromobactin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
tripeptide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a tripeptide, a compound containing three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of a tripeptide, a compound containing three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of the D-enantiomer of an amino acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
D-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of D-amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. D-amino acids are the D-enantiomers of amino acids.
D-alanine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of D-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. D-alanine is the D-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.
D-serine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of D-serine from one side of a membrane to the other. D-serine is the D-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
The directed movement of glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue.
glucoside transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of glucosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue.
The directed movement of salicin (saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside), a glucoside of o-hydroxybenzylalcohol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
salicin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of salicin (saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside), a glucoside of o-hydroxybenzylalcohol, from one side of a membrane to the other.
arbutin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, from one side of a membrane to the other.
A pathway of aromatic compound degradation by ortho-cleavage; one branch converts protocatechuate, derived from phenolic compounds, to beta-ketoadipate, and the other branch converts catechol, generated from various aromatic hydrocarbons, amino aromatics, and lignin monomers, also to beta-ketoadipate. Two additional steps accomplish the conversion of beta-ketoadipate to tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.
The directed movement of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
obsolete lipoprotein transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the directed movement of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
The directed movement of dextrin, any one, or the mixture, of the intermediate polysaccharides formed during the hydrolysis of starch, which are dextrorotatory, soluble in water, and precipitable in alcohol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of maltodextrin, any polysaccharide of glucose residues in beta-(1,4) linkage, across a membrane.
dextrin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of dextrin, any one, or the mixture, of the intermediate polysaccharides formed during the hydrolysis of starch, which are dextrorotatory, soluble in water, and precipitable in alcohol, from one side of a membrane to the other.
maltodextrin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of maltodextrin, any polysaccharide of glucose residues in beta-(1,4) linkage, from one side of a membrane to the other.
alkanesulfonate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of alkanesulfonate from one side of a membrane to the other.
antimonite secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of antimonite from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.
ATPase-coupled antimonite transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + antimonite(in) = ADP + phosphate + antimonite(out).
ATP-dependent antimonite transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + acridine(in) = H+(in) + acridine(out).
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the reduction of thioredoxin, a small disulfide-containing redox protein that serves as a general protein disulfide oxidoreductase.
obsolete glutaredoxin biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a small disulfide-containing redox protein that serves as a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase.
biotin carboxyl carrier protein biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the biotin carboxyl carrier protein, a subunit of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase.
biotin carboxyl carrier protein anabolism
biotin carboxyl carrier protein biosynthesis
biotin carboxyl carrier protein formation
biotin carboxyl carrier protein synthesis
obsolete acyl-carrier-protein biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-carrier protein.
The directed movement of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of lactone from one side of a membrane to the other. A lactone is a cyclic ester of a hydroxy carboxylic acid, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
homoserine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of homoserine from one side of a membrane to the other. Homoserine is alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.
obsolete lactone transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of lactone from one side of a membrane to the other. A lactone is a cyclic ester of a hydroxy carboxylic acid, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in beta-D-glucans containing (1->3) and (1->4) bonds.
1,3;1,4-beta-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase activity
1,3;1,4-beta-glucan endohydrolase activity
1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase activity
1,3-1,4-beta-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase activity
beta-(1->3), (1->4)-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase activity
glucan endo-1,3-beta-D-glucosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.
(1->3)-beta-glucan 3-glucanohydrolase activity
(1->3)-beta-glucan endohydrolase activity
1,3-beta-D-glucan 3-glucanohydrolase activity
1,3-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase activity
Binding to a nuclear retinoic acid receptor, a ligand-regulated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily.
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor binding
Binding to a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, alpha, beta or gamma.
The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.
activation of JAK protein by tyrosine phosphorylation
positive regulation of JAK protein activity by tyrosine phosphorylation
tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 protein
tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 protein
ornithine decarboxylase activator activity
Binds to and increases ornithine decarboxylase activity.
L-ornithine carboxy-lyase activator activity
ornithine decarboxylase regulator activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase.
obsolete cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process.
amyloid precursor protein metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.
amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.
regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta.
regulation of amyloid precursor protein anabolism
regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthesis
regulation of amyloid precursor protein formation
regulation of amyloid precursor protein synthesis
negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta.
downregulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
down regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
down-regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
inhibition of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein anabolism
negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthesis
negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein formation
negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein synthesis
negative regulation of APP biosynthetic process
positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta.
activation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein anabolism
positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthesis
positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein formation
positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein synthesis
positive regulation of APP biosynthetic process
stimulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
upregulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
up regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
up-regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Binding to X11-like protein, a neuron-specific adaptor protein.
The selective interaction of actin monomers with specific molecules that inhibit their polymerization by preventing their access to other monomers.
obsolete regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
obsolete transcription factor import into nucleus
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
obsolete negative regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factor
The selective interaction of a transcription factor with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.
cytoplasmic retention of transcription factor
cytoplasmic sequestration of transcription factor
cytoplasmic storage of transcription factor
maintenance of transcription factor protein location in cytoplasm
retention of transcription factor in cytoplasm
sequestering of transcription factor in cytoplasm
sequestration of transcription factor in cytoplasm
storage of transcription factor in cytoplasm
transcription factor binding, cytoplasmic sequestering
A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
downregulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
down regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
down-regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
inhibition of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
activation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
stimulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
upregulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
up regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
up-regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
obsolete regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
obsolete Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane.
obsolete negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
obsolete positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
obsolete cytoplasmic sequestering of CFTR protein
OBSOLETE. The selective interaction of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its transport to the cell membrane.
A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
obsolete activation of phospholipase A2 activity by calcium-mediated signaling
OBSOLETE. The series of molecular signals that leads to the upregulation of calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity in response to the signal.
Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of rDNA repeats.
Binding to a protein or protein complex using energy from ATP hydrolysis.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.
The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin.
regulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the binding and fusion of a sperm to the oocyte plasma membrane.
negative regulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane
Any process that stops or prevents the binding and fusion of a sperm to the oocyte plasma membrane.
downregulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane
down regulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane
down-regulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane
inhibition of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane
negative regulation of sperm-oocyte fusion
Binding to the microtubule constituent protein alpha-tubulin.
Binding to the microtubule constituent protein gamma-tubulin.
A enzyme complex of which the core is a heterodimer composed of a light (alpha) and heavy (beta) chain, and requires several other water-soluble proteins of cytosolic origin for activity. Functions in superoxide generation by the NADPH-dependent reduction of O2.
Binding to a complex of RNA and protein.
The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
cysteine-type endopeptidase regulator activity involved in apoptotic process
Binds to and modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of macrophage activation.
negative regulation of macrophage activation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation.
down regulation of macrophage activation
down-regulation of macrophage activation
negative regulation of macrophage polarization
positive regulation of macrophage activation
Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation.
positive regulation of macrophage polarization
A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram-negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages.
Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, these arrays link Z-discs to the sarcolemma and are associated with links to extracellular matrix.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with a chromatin insulator sequence, a DNA sequence that prevents enhancer-mediated activation or repression of transcription.
Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
The modification of an amino acid to an active form, for incorporation into a peptide, protein or other macromolecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which the various amino acids become bonded to their corresponding tRNAs. The most common route for synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA is by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA and the alpha carboxylic acid group of an amino acid, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules.
tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process
The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in nonribosomal peptide synthesis.
tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide anabolism
tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis
tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide formation
tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide synthesis
amino acid activation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process
Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process.
amino acid adenylylation by nonribosomal peptide synthase
Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process, catalyzed by subunits of nonribosomal peptide synthase. The amino acid is adenylated at its carboxylate group (ATP-dependent) then transferred to the thiol group of an enzyme-bound phosphopantetheine cofactor.
amino acid adenylation by nonribosomal peptide synthase
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide.
DNA methylation involved in embryo development
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the epigenetic regulation of embryonic gene expression.
DNA methylation involved in gamete generation
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the establishment of DNA methylation patterns in the gamete.
Binding to single-stranded telomere-associated DNA.
dolichyl monophosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a phosphorylated dolichol derivative.
The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of the vertebrate inner ear. The otic placode forms as a thickening of the head ectoderm adjacent to the developing hindbrain.
The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes.
Any process that modulates the contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediates feeding in nematodes.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature.
taxis in response to temperature stimulus
Entry into the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.
Exit from the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.
Maintenance of a nematode during the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.
Anterior movement of an organism, following the direction of the head of the animal.
Posterior movement of an organism, e.g. following the direction of the tail of an animal.
Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the posterior movement of an organism.
Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the anterior movement of an organism.
The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis I.
The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis II.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
extracellular structure organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the intracellular bridge. An intracellular bridge is a direct link between the cytoplasms of sister cells that allows cells to communicate with one another.
intercellular bridge organization and biogenesis
OBSOLETE. A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a flagellum, a long thin projection from a cell, used in movement.
positive regulation of apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
negative regulation of apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death
positive regulation of programmed cell death
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
positive regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death
negative regulation of programmed cell death
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
down regulation of programmed cell death
down-regulation of programmed cell death
negative regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death
The nucleus of a germ cell, a reproductive cell in multicellular organisms.
obsolete sperm cell nucleus (sensu Magnoliophyta)
OBSOLETE. The nucleus of a plant pollen cell, the male gamete, and its descendents.
The nucleus of a megasporocyte, a diploid cell that undergoes meiosis to produce four megaspores, and its descendents.
The activation of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Either of two nuclei located centrally in a flowering plant embryo sac that eventually fuse to form the endosperm nucleus.
The nucleus of an antipodal cell, one of three cells of the embryo sac in angiosperms, found at the chalazal end of the embryo away from the point of entry of the pollen tube, and its descendents.
The nucleus of a plant egg cell. This nucleus is found at the micropylar end of the embryo.
The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released.
The hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.
positive regulation of catalytic activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
positive regulation of metalloenzyme activity
negative regulation of catalytic activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
downregulation of metalloenzyme activity
down regulation of metalloenzyme activity
down-regulation of metalloenzyme activity
negative regulation of metalloenzyme activity
Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.
The directed movement of amino acids into a cell or organelle.
A cytokinesis process that involves a set of conserved proteins including FtsZ, and results in the formation of two similarly sized and shaped cells.
Any process which produces a useful metabolic compound from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis, as carried out by individual cells.
regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
Any process that generates purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
Any process that generates a pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
Any process which produces a purine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
Any process that generates a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
Any process that generates pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine organic nitrogenous bases, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
Any process that generates a purine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a purine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
Any process which produces an amino acid from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
positive regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
activation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
stimulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
upregulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
up regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
up-regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
negative regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
downregulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
down regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
down-regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
inhibition of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
Any process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili. Includes social gliding motility and twitching motility.
The process of withdrawing a pilus back into a cell.
rDNA spacer replication fork barrier binding
Binding to replication fork barriers found in rDNA spacers, sites that inhibit replication forks in the direction opposite to rDNA transcription.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication by impeding the progress of the DNA replication fork. Replication fork arrest is one of the 'quality control' processes ensuring that DNA-dependent DNA replication occurs correctly. DNA replication fork arrest during DNA-dependent DNA replication is not known to occur outside of cases where a replication error needs to be prevented or corrected.
negative regulation of DNA replication at replication fork barrier
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
The receptor metabolic process that results in grouping of a set of receptors at a cellular location, often to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response.
Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + precorrin-2 = 2 H+ + NADH + sirohydrochlorin.
1,3-dimethyluroporphyrinogen III dehydrogenase activity
dihydrosirohydrochlorin dehydrogenase activity
precorrin-2:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of vascular permeability
Any process that reduces the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
down regulation of vascular permeability
down-regulation of vascular permeability
positive regulation of vascular permeability
Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
Binding to tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages.
Binding to a neurotrophin, any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth.
regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
Any process that modulates I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
activation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
stimulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
upregulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
up regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
up-regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
downregulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
down regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
down-regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
inhibition of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
Binding to the protein-tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB-3/HER3.
regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
negative regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
downregulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
down regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
down-regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
inhibition of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
positive regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
activation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
stimulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
upregulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
up regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
up-regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
Any process involved in the maintenance of a steady-state level of a surface-active agent that maintains the surface tension of a liquid.
regulation of surface tension of a liquid
Binding to ubiquitin, a protein that when covalently bound to other cellular proteins marks them for proteolytic degradation.
The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus during erythrocyte maturation.
The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transport
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transport
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transport
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the hindgut. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The hindgut is the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.
5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H2O = ribose 1,5 bisphosphate + phosphate + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = glycerol + phosphate.
Removal of the Okazaki RNA primer from the lagging strand of replicating DNA, by a combination of the actions of DNA polymerase, DNA helicase and an endonuclease.
Unwinding a DNA helix in the direction 5' to 3', driven by ATP hydrolysis.
ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
ATP-dependent 3' to 5' DNA helicase activity
Unwinding a DNA helix in the 5' to 3' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase activity
ATP-dependent 5' to 3' DNA helicase activity
regulation of translation by machinery localization
Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of translational machinery localization
establishment and maintenance of translational protein localization
regulation of translation by machinery localisation
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary snoRNA family RNA transcript into a mature snoRNA (eukaryota) or sRNA (archaea).
The endonucleolytic cleavage of snoRNA 3' ends, which is required for mature snoRNAs to be functional.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity.
DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.
DNA synthesis during double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing
The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing.
DNA synthesis during double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing
Any process in which infecting bacteria are clumped together by a host organism.
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod
The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night).
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.
negative regulation of caspase activation
negative regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.
downregulation of photosynthesis, light reaction
down regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction
down-regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction
inhibition of photosynthesis, light reaction
obsolete chromatin remodeling in response to cation stress
OBSOLETE. Structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.
The cellular developmental process by which a cell becomes a heterocyst, a cell that carries out nitrogen fixation. This process involves changes to the cell wall, expression of nitrogenase and other proteins involved in nitrogen fixation, and degradation of photosystem II, which produces oxygen. This process is known to occur in some cyanobacteria.
A structural framework, or 'dense core' at the interior of an acrosome. May regulate the distribution of hydrolases within the acrosome and their release during the acrosome reaction.
The volume enclosed within the acrosome membrane.
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation.
ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown via the multivesicular body pathway
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the MVB pathway
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism via the MVB pathway
ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation via the multivesicular body pathway
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell envelope, everything external to, but not including, the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.
cell envelope organization and biogenesis
Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall biogenesis
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane.
1-2nm peptidoglycan-based cell wall biogenesis
Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell outer membrane assembly
The assembly of an outer membrane of the type formed in Gram-negative bacteria. This membrane is enriched in polysaccharide and protein, and the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.
Binding to an ion, a charged atoms or groups of atoms.
Binding to an anion, a charged atom or group of atoms with a net negative charge.
Binding to a cation, a charged atom or group of atoms with a net positive charge.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.
obsolete ferredoxin biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ferredoxin, any simple, nonenzymatic iron-sulfur protein that is characterized by having equal numbers of atoms of iron and labile sulfur. Iron and sulfur atoms are present in one or two clusters of two or four atoms of each.
Any process which produces a nucleotide, a compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
Any process which produces a nucleotide, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose (a deoxyribonucleotide), from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
Binding to an RNA polymerase core enzyme, containing a specific subunit composition defined as the core enzyme.
Binding to an amine, a weakly basic organic compound that contains an amino or a substituted amino group.
Binding to an organic acid, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
Binding to an alcohol, any of a class of alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group.
Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous excitatory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.
Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous inhibitory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.
The process of transporting a substance into, and confining within, a vacuole.
The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole.
sequestering of sodium ion (Na+) in vacuole
sequestration of sodium ion (Na+) in vacuole
vacuolar sequestering of sodium ion (Na+)
vacuolar sequestration of sodium ion (Na+)
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 binding
Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1.
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding
Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 binding
Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3.
fms-like-tyrosine kinase (Flt)-4 binding
A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregate in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.
The cell wall material that surrounds the septum in fungal cells.
H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex
A multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histones H4 and H2A.
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex
A complex for the transport of metabolites into and out of the cell, typically comprised of four domains; two membrane-associated domains and two ATP-binding domains at the intracellular face of the membrane, that form a central pore through the plasma membrane. Each of the four core domains may be encoded as a separate polypeptide or the domains can be fused in any one of a number of ways into multidomain polypeptides. In Bacteria and Archaebacteria, ABC transporters also include substrate binding proteins to bind substrate external to the cytoplasm and deliver it to the transporter.
Portion of the axon proximal to the neuronal cell body, at the level of the axon hillock. The action potentials that propagate along the axon are generated at the level of this initial segment.
Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.
Non-terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.
A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment, typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable:they can be thin, stubby, mushroom, or branched, with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines.
Binding to sulfate, SO4(2-), a negatively charged small molecule.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.
The volume enclosed within the lysosomal membrane.
Portion of the neuronal cell soma from which the axon originates.
The portion of the cell soma (neuronal cell body) that excludes the nucleus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things.
Binding to glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.
An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.
Binding to alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
ABC-type carbohydrate transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of carbohydrates across a membrane.
ATPase-coupled carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity
carbohydrate-transporting ATPase activity
carbohydrate-exporting ABC transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + carbohydrate(in) -> ADP + phosphate + carbohydrate(out).
The directed movement of a bacteriocin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Bacteriocins are a group of antibiotics produced by bacteria and are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1. Bacteriocins are toxic to bacteria closely related to the bacteriocin producing strain.
ABC-type bacteriocin transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a bacteriocin from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate.
ABC-type bacteriocin transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled bacteriocin transmembrane transporter activity
The directed movement of daunorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic produced by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus or S. peucetius and used as an antineoplastic into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
obsolete ATPase-coupled daunorubicin transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + daunorubicin(in) = ADP + phosphate + daunorubicin(out).
The process of preserving the structure and function of mature myelin. This includes maintaining the compact structure of myelin necessary for its electrical insulating characteristics as well as the structure of non-compact regions such as Schmidt-Lantermann clefts and paranodal loops. This does not include processes responsible for maintaining the nodes of Ranvier, which are not part of the myelin sheath.
The portion of the myelin sheath in which layers of cell membrane are tightly juxtaposed, completely excluding cytoplasm. The juxtaposed cytoplasmic surfaces form the major dense line, while the juxtaposed extracellular surfaces form the interperiod line visible in electron micrographs.
Non-compact myelin located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier in a myelin segment. These non-compact regions include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for synthesizing the myelin. Lateral loops are found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier, while Schmidt-Lantermann clefts are analogous structures found within the compact myelin internode.
Regions within compact myelin in which the cytoplasmic faces of the enveloping myelin sheath are not tightly juxtaposed, and include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for making the myelin. Schmidt-Lanterman incisures occur in the compact myelin internode, while lateral loops are analogous structures found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier.
Binding to a protein from the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family, a group of chromosomal ATPases with a role in mitotic chromosome organization.
structural maintenance of chromosomes family protein binding
cytoplasmic SCF ubiquitin ligase complex
A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
cytoplasmic Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein complex
A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + inorganic anion(out) = ADP + phosphate + inorganic anion(in).
anion transmembrane-transporting ATPase activity
ATPase-coupled anion transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent anion transmembrane transporter activity
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi.
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
intracellular membrane-enclosed organelle
intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
intracellular non-membrane-enclosed organelle
The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.
Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
Binding to a laminin, a major glycoprotein constituent of the basement membrane of cells.
Binding to laminin-1, a glycoprotein trimer with the subunit composition alpha1, beta1, gamma1.
A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins including A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage.
negative regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
downregulation of protein complex disassembly
down regulation of protein complex disassembly
down-regulation of protein complex disassembly
inhibition of protein complex disassembly
negative regulation of protein complex disassembly
positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
activation of protein complex disassembly
positive regulation of protein complex disassembly
stimulation of protein complex disassembly
upregulation of protein complex disassembly
up regulation of protein complex disassembly
up-regulation of protein complex disassembly
regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
regulation of protein complex disassembly
The environmental space outside of an organism; this may be a host organism in the case of parasitic and symbiotic organisms.
Large, cysteine proteinase rich lysosomes, often found in the amastigote (an intracytoplasmic, nonflagellated form of the parasite) stage of Leishmania species belonging to the mexicana complex.
telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage
Any process that occur in response to the presence of critically short or damaged telomeres.
DNA damage response, telomere maintenance
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state.
sodium-dependent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium dependent manner.
sodium-dependent organic anion transport
The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
sodium-independent organic anion transport
The directed, sodium-independent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A ribosome contained within a chloroplast.
regulation of protein-containing complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates.
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha, beta and gamma. Provides an integral part of the structural scaffolding of basement membranes.
A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta1 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = AMP + phosphate.
An extracellular multi-enzyme complex containing up to 11 different enzymes aligned on a non-catalytic scaffolding glycoprotein. Functions to hydrolyze cellulose.
extracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell.
extracellular non-membrane-enclosed organelle
Granule free cytoplasm, lying immediately below the plasma membrane.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of potassium ion transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
downregulation of potassium ion transport
down regulation of potassium ion transport
down-regulation of potassium ion transport
negative regulation of potassium ion conductance
negative regulation of potassium transport
transmembrane conductance regulator activity
positive regulation of potassium ion transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of potassium conductance
positive regulation of potassium ion conductance
positive regulation of potassium transport
up regulation of potassium ion transport
up-regulation of potassium ion transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of monoatomic ion transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of monoatomic ion transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
ethylene biosynthesis involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), occurring as part of the process of jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance.
ethylene anabolism during jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
ethylene biosynthetic process during jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
ethylene formation during jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
ethylene synthesis during jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + H2O = CDP + H+ + phosphate. May or may not be coupled to another reaction.
single-stranded DNA-dependent CTPase activity
obsolete glutamate carboxypeptidase II activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-Asp-L-Glu + H2O = N-acetyl-L-Asp + L-Glu.
Apoptosis triggered by inadequate or inappropriate adherence to substrate e.g. after disruption of the interactions between normal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix.
The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in apoptosis.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx.
regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) anabolism
regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthesis
regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) formation
regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) synthesis
Binding to a poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate), a polyester of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apocarotenoids by the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. Many apocarotenoids are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
A multisubunit complex that in Saccharomyces is composed of three subunits, Rav1p, Rav2p and Skp1p. Acts transiently to catalyze assembly of cytoplasmic V1, with membrane embedded V0 to form the V-ATPase holoenzyme.
regulator of the (H+)-ATPase of the vacuolar and endosomal membranes
Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
A multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process. In mammals it is typically composed of seven Apaf-1 subunits bound to cytochrome c and caspase-9. A similar complex to promote apoptosis is formed from homologous gene products in other eukaryotic organisms.
mitochondrial glutamate synthase complex (NADH)
A protein complex, found in the mitochondria, that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.
Binding to glutathione; a tripeptide composed of the three amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine.
A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in some invertebrates, such as Drosophila, is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability.
The formation of an apical junction, a functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens junction and the desmosomes, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules by a leukocyte.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
regulation of immune cell granule exocytosis
regulation of leukocyte granule exocytosis
negative regulation of leukocyte degranulation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte degranulation.
downregulation of leukocyte degranulation
down regulation of leukocyte degranulation
down-regulation of leukocyte degranulation
negative regulation of immune cell degranulation
negative regulation of leucocyte degranulation
positive regulation of leukocyte degranulation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
positive regulation of immune cell degranulation
positive regulation of leucocyte degranulation
up regulation of leukocyte degranulation
up-regulation of leukocyte degranulation
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell degranulation.
regulation of mast cell granule exocytosis
negative regulation of mast cell degranulation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation.
downregulation of mast cell degranulation
down regulation of mast cell degranulation
down-regulation of mast cell degranulation
negative regulation of mast cell granule exocytosis
positive regulation of mast cell degranulation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell degranulation.
positive regulation of mast cell granule exocytosis
up regulation of mast cell degranulation
up-regulation of mast cell degranulation
The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and eosinophil cationic protein by an eosinophil.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of eosinophil degranulation.
regulation of eosinophil granule exocytosis
negative regulation of eosinophil degranulation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of eosinophil degranulation.
downregulation of eosinophil degranulation
down regulation of eosinophil degranulation
down-regulation of eosinophil degranulation
negative regulation of eosinophil granule exocytosis
positive regulation of eosinophil degranulation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil degranulation.
positive regulation of eosinophil granule exocytosis
upregulation of eosinophil degranulation
up regulation of eosinophil degranulation
up-regulation of eosinophil degranulation
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil degranulation.
regulation of neutrophil granule exocytosis
negative regulation of neutrophil degranulation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of neutrophil degranulation.
downregulation of neutrophil degranulation
down regulation of neutrophil degranulation
down-regulation of neutrophil degranulation
negative regulation of neutrophil granule exocytosis
positive regulation of neutrophil degranulation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil degranulation.
positive regulation of neutrophil granule exocytosis
upregulation of neutrophil degranulation
up regulation of neutrophil degranulation
up-regulation of neutrophil degranulation
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell.
cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule exocytosis
cytotoxic T-lymphocyte granule exocytosis
regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
regulation of cytotoxic T-cell degranulation
regulation of cytotoxic T cell granule exocytosis
regulation of cytotoxic T-cell granule exocytosis
regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte degranulation
regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte degranulation
regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule exocytosis
regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte granule exocytosis
negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
downregulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
down regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
down-regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
inhibition of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
negative regulation of cytotoxic T-cell degranulation
negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell granule exocytosis
negative regulation of cytotoxic T-cell granule exocytosis
negative regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte degranulation
negative regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte degranulation
negative regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule exocytosis
negative regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte granule exocytosis
positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
activation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
positive regulation of cytotoxic T-cell degranulation
positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell granule exocytosis
positive regulation of cytotoxic T-cell granule exocytosis
positive regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte degranulation
positive regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte degranulation
positive regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule exocytosis
positive regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte granule exocytosis
stimulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
upregulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
up regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
up-regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell.
regulation of natural killer cell degranulation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
regulation of natural killer cell granule exocytosis
regulation of NK cell granule exocytosis
negative regulation of natural killer cell degranulation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer cell degranulation.
downregulation of natural killer cell degranulation
down regulation of natural killer cell degranulation
down-regulation of natural killer cell degranulation
inhibition of natural killer cell degranulation
negative regulation of natural killer cell granule exocytosis
negative regulation of NK cell degranulation
negative regulation of NK cell granule exocytosis
positive regulation of natural killer cell degranulation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
activation of natural killer cell degranulation
positive regulation of natural killer cell granule exocytosis
positive regulation of NK cell degranulation
positive regulation of NK cell granule exocytosis
stimulation of natural killer cell degranulation
upregulation of natural killer cell degranulation
up regulation of natural killer cell degranulation
up-regulation of natural killer cell degranulation
pigment metabolic process involved in developmental pigmentation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving biological pigments e.g. melanin, occurring as part of the development of an organ or organism.
pigment metabolic process during developmental pigmentation
pigment metabolism during developmental pigmentation
phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding
Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 4' positions.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of folate.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of 3',5'-cAMP.
chemotaxis to adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate
protein transport to vacuole involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.
protein targeting to vacuole during ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown via the MVB pathway
protein targeting to vacuole during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the MVB pathway
protein targeting to vacuole during ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation via the MVB pathway
protein-vacuolar targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown via the MVB pathway
protein vacuolar targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the MVB pathway
protein vacuolar targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism via the MVB pathway
protein-vacuolar targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation via the MVB pathway
protein-vacuole targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the MVB pathway
protein-vacuole targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism via the MVB pathway
obsolete protein targeting to membrane involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway
OBSOLETE. The process of directing proteins towards a membrane using signals contained within the protein, occurring that contributes to ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism via the MVB pathway; the destruction of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with a ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.
response to exogenous double-stranded RNA
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.
The apex of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone; site of polarized growth.
2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-hexaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methylase activity
The process of assisting in the disassembly of non-covalent linkages in a protein or protein aggregate, often where the proteins are in a non-functional or denatured state.
site-specific telomere resolvase activity
Catalysis of a site-specific breakage and reunion reaction that generates two hairpin telomeres from a replicated telomere substrate. Occurs via a two-step transesterification with a protein-DNA intermediate similar to that used by topoisomerases and site-specific recombinases.
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + phosphatidylglycerol = CMP + diphosphatidylglycerol.
CDP-diacylglycerol-phosphatidylglycerol phosphatidyltransferase activity
CTP:2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate cytidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate = CDP-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol.
CDP-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol synthase
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of an erythrocyte without a nucleus. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
enucleate red blood cell differentiation
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an enucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. An enucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte without a nucleus.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. A nucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte with a nucleus.
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds.
glycyl-radical enzyme activating activity
Catalyzes the activation of an enzyme by generating an organic free radical on a glycine residue via a homolytic cleavage of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM).
[formate-C-acetyltransferase]-activating enzyme activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.
[pyruvate formate-lyase]-activating enzyme activity
formate acetyltransferase activating enzyme activity
formate acetyltransferase-glycine dihydroflavodoxin:S-adenosyl-L-methionine oxidoreductase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine cleaving) activity
formate-C-acetyltransferase-activating enzyme
formate C-acetyltransferase-glycine dihydroflavodoxin:S-adenosyl-L-methionine oxidoreductase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine cleaving)
PFL-glycine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine H transferase (flavodoxin-oxidizing, S-adenosyl-L-methionine-cleaving) activity
pyruvate formate-lyase-activating enzyme
The process in which successful recombination of a T cell receptor beta chain into a translatable protein coding sequence leads to rescue from apoptosis and subsequent proliferation of an immature T cell.
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell development
CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell differentiation
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
The process of sparing immature T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment
The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells.
CD4-positive/CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment
CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell lineage commitment
CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte lineage commitment
CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte lineage commitment
regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell development
regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T-cell differentiation
regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of CD4-positive T-cell differentiation
regulation of CD4-positive T lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of CD4-positive T-lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
downregulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
down regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
down-regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
inhibition of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell development
negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T-cell differentiation
negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of CD4-positive T-cell differentiation
negative regulation of CD4-positive T-lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
activation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell development
positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T-cell differentiation
positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of CD4-positive T-cell differentiation
positive regulation of CD4-positive T lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of CD4-positive T-lymphocyte differentiation
stimulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
upregulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
up regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
up-regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment
The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell lineage commitment
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte lineage commitment
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte lineage commitment
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell development
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell differentiation
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment
The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell fate commitment
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell lineage commitment
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte lineage commitment
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte lineage commitment
regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell development
regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T-cell differentiation
regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of CD8-positive T-cell differentiation
regulation of CD8-positive T lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of CD8-positive T-lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
downregulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
down regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
down-regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
inhibition of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell development
negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T-cell differentiation
negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of CD8-positive T-cell differentiation
negative regulation of CD8-positive T lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of CD8-positive T-lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
activation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell development
positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T-cell differentiation
positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of CD8-positive T-cell differentiation
positive regulation of CD8-positive T lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of CD8-positive T-lymphocyte differentiation
stimulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
upregulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
up regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
up-regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
The process in which a newly activated T cell acquires specialized features of a memory T cell.
regulation of memory T cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
regulation of memory T-cell differentiation
regulation of memory T lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of memory T-lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of memory T cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation.
downregulation of memory T cell differentiation
down regulation of memory T cell differentiation
down-regulation of memory T cell differentiation
inhibition of memory T cell differentiation
negative regulation of memory T cell development
negative regulation of memory T-cell differentiation
negative regulation of memory T lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of memory T-lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
activation of memory T cell differentiation
positive regulation of memory T cell development
positive regulation of memory T-cell differentiation
positive regulation of memory T lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of memory T-lymphocyte differentiation
stimulation of memory T cell differentiation
upregulation of memory T cell differentiation
up regulation of memory T cell differentiation
up-regulation of memory T cell differentiation
The process of elimination of immature T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.
A receptor complex found on immature T cells consisting of a T cell receptor beta chain and the pre-TCR-alpha chain, along with additional signaling components including CD3 family members and additional signaling proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
Binding to a proteoglycan, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
Binding to a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit.
corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
The regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. CRH is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates corticotropic cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary to produce corticotropic hormone (CTH) and other biologically active substances e.g. 2-endorphin, release of CRH is affected by serum levels of cortisol, by stress and by the sleep/wake cycle.
corticotropin-releasing factor secretion
regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion.
regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor secretion
Binding to a Helix Loop Helix domain, a domain of 40-50 residues that occurs in specific DNA-binding proteins that act as transcription factors. The domain is formed of two amphipathic helices joined by a variable length linker region that can form a loop and it mediates protein dimerization.
tRNA A64-2'-O-ribosylphosphate transferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphoribosyl group from 5'-phosphoribosyl-1'-pyrophosphate to position 64 of initiator tRNA.
initiator tRNA phosphoribosyl-transferase activity
The regulated release of cortisol, a steroid hormone that in humans is the major circulating hormone of the cortex, or outer layer, of the adrenal gland.
steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor.
glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a glucocorticoid hormone.
The regrowth of skeletal muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage.
corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
Combining with corticotropin-releasing hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
adrenocorticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
corticotropin-releasing factor receptor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase activity
regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
positive regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase activity
positive regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity
negative regulation of MAP kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
negative regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase activity
negative regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade.
regulation of MAP kinase kinase kinase cascade
regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase cascade
regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade
regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase cascade
regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase cascade
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
negative regulation of MAP kinase cascade
negative regulation of MAP kinase kinase kinase cascade
negative regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase cascade
negative regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade
negative regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase cascade
negative regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
positive regulation of MAP kinase cascade
positive regulation of MAP kinase kinase kinase cascade
positive regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade
positive regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase cascade
positive regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase cascade
OBSOLETE. Binding to myopalladin, a myofibrillar protein with titin-like Ig domains.
The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule, resulting in a change in its properties.
The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.
The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.
positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration
Any process that activates or increase the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration.
activation of skeletal muscle regeneration
stimulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
upregulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
up regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
up-regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle.
negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle regeneration.
downregulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
down regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
down-regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
inhibition of skeletal muscle regeneration
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
ortho-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
ortho-aminobenzoic acid catabolic process
Binding to protein kinase B, an intracellular kinase that is important in regulating glucose metabolism.
3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase binding
Binding to a 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase.
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate-dependent protein kinase binding
Binding to a basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors, important regulatory components in transcriptional networks of many developmental pathways.
Binding to Myogenic Regulatory Factor (MRF), a member of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors.
carbon fixation by 3-hydroxypropionate cycle
An autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation pathway by which two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed to form glyoxylate. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is assumed to be converted to malate, and two CO2 molecules are thereby fixed. Malyl-CoA is thought to be cleaved to acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule, and glyoxylate, the carbon fixation product.
2-heptaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-heptaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-heptaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
2-heptaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methylase activity
2-nonaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-nonaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-nonaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
2-nonaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methylase activity
2-decaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-decaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-decaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
2-decaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methylase activity
2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
2-octaprenyl-6-hydroxy phenol methylase activity
3-demethylubiquinone-9 3-methyltransferase activity
negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
downregulation of transcription factor activity
down regulation of transcription factor activity
down-regulation of transcription factor activity
inhibition of transcription factor activity
negative regulation of androgen receptor activity
negative regulation of DNA binding transcription factor activity
negative regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
negative regulation of thyroid hormone receptor activity
negative regulation of transcription factor activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.
response to polypeptide hormone stimulus
response to corticotropin-releasing hormone
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.
response to corticotropin-releasing factor stimulus
response to corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetone, propan-2-one.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetone, propan-2-one.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkyne, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon (compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen) having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkyne, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon (compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen) having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkyne, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon (compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen) having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.
regulation of secondary metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the pentose-phosphate shunt, the process in which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration, the enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds.
obsolete response to short exposure to lithium ion
OBSOLETE. A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a single or short exposure to a lithium ion stimulus.
obsolete response to long exposure to lithium ion
OBSOLETE. A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a long or persistent exposure to a lithium ion stimulus.
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as F-type ATPase), a two-sector ATPase found in the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and in bacterial plasma membranes.
Any process that modulates the rate of an ATP-dependent activity.
regulation of adenosinetriphosphatase activity
regulation of rhamnose catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.
The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of L-malate to L-lactate and carbon dioxide, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fermentation, the anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, to other compounds, especially to ethyl alcohol, resulting in energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
The anaerobic conversion of pyrimidine nucleobases, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose.
regulation of D-xylose catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose.
regulation of carbohydrate catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates.
obsolete regulation of cellular carbohydrate catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, carried out by individual cells.
Binding to an immunoglobulin of a D isotype.
The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells.
pigment metabolic process involved in pigmentation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in the deposition or aggregation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell.
pigment metabolic process during pigmentation
pigment metabolic process involved in pigment accumulation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, as part of the accumulation of pigment.
pigment metabolic process during pigment accumulation
pigment metabolism during pigment accumulation
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.
pigment accumulation in response to external stimulus
pigment biosynthetic process involved in pigment accumulation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in pigment accumulation.
pigment biosynthetic process during pigment accumulation
pigment accumulation in response to UV light
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.
pigment accumulation in tissues in response to UV light
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to an external stimulus.
anthocyanin accumulation in tissues in response to UV light
The aggregation of the pigment anthocyanin in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.
anthocyanin biosynthetic process involved in anthocyanin accumulation in response to UV light
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pigment anthocyanin, contributing to anthocyanin accumulation in a tissue in response to a UV light stimulus.
anthocyanin biosynthesis during anthocyanin accumulation in tissues in response to UV light stimulus
anthocyanin biosynthetic process during anthocyanin accumulation in response to UV light
anthocyanin biosynthetic process during anthocyanin accumulation in tissues in response to UV light stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.
The directed movement of substances from endosomes to pigment granules.
OBSOLETE. The replacement, within chromatin, of resident histones or histone subunits with alternative, sometimes variant, histones or subunits.
Any process that modulates the propensity of RNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize RNAs.
Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs.
Prevention of degradation of RNA molecules.
The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise malate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to oxaloacetate using NADH, the oxaloacetate reacts with gluamate to form aspartate, and the aspartate then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
A complex of a large and small subunit which catalyze the packaging of DNA into viral heads. Note that not all viral terminases have this structure, some exist as single polypeptides.
An cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase/histone H3-K9 methyltransferase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi.
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a protein or a protein complex with a membrane, or bringing together two membranes, either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a membrane protein, to establish or maintain the localization of the protein, protein complex or organelle.
regulation of protein homodimerization activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
regulation of protein heterodimerization activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
OBSOLETE. Binding to a component on the surface of a cell.
obsolete eukaryotic cell surface binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a component on the surface of a eukaryotic cell.
A process in which muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.
Any process in which skeletal muscles change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation.
Any process in which the skeletal muscle fibers change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
The process of restoring mitochondrial DNA after damage.
A form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
positive regulation of JUN kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
negative regulation of JUN kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-A subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-A or activin/inhibin beta-A).
A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-B subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-B or activin/inhibin beta-B).
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with either an inhibin beta-A subunit, to form inhibin A, or an inhibin beta-B subunit, to form inhibin B.
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-A subunit.
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-B subunit.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta subunit (p40, product of the IL12B gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space.
Binding to a kinetochore, a proteinaceous structure on a condensed chromosome, beside the centromere, to which the spindle fibers are attached.
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
regulation of p53 induced by DNA damage response
positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
activation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
positive regulation of p53 induced by DNA damage response
stimulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
upregulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
up regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
up-regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
downregulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
down regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
down-regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
inhibition of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
negative regulation of p53 induced by DNA damage response
regulation of myosin II filament organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
regulation of myosin II filament assembly or disassembly
regulation of myosin II filament organisation
regulation of myosin II filament assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
regulation of myosin II filament disassembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
Binding to a leucine zipper domain, a protein secondary structure exhibiting a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh position over a distance covering eight helical turns.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
regulation of apoptosis of neuronal cells
regulation of neuronal cell programmed cell death
regulation of neuron programmed cell death
regulation of programmed cell death, neurons
regulation of programmed cell death of neuronal cells
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
negative regulation of programmed cell death, neurons
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.
positive regulation of programmed cell death, neurons
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptosis in the nervous system. It may stop or prevent or reduce the rate of cell death by apoptosis and it is activated by stress to counteract death signals in central nervous systems. Different neuroprotective mechanisms may be activated to combat distinct types of cellular stress, ERK pathway is one of several neuroprotective mechanisms and it is a model system to study neuronal apoptosis, which may contribute to several neurodegenerative diseases and aging-related neuron loss.
A multimeric protein complex involved in the methylation of specific nucleotides in tRNA.
A protein complex required for the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNA. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least two subunits, Trm11p and Trm112p.
An endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex that is conserved in eukaryotics and that mediates the insertion of tail-anchored proteins into the ER membrane. In yeast, includes Get1p, Get2p and Get3p proteins.
adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidate + H2O = AMP + NH4+. Other substrates include AMP-morpholidate, AMP-N-alanine methyl ester and AMP-alpha-acetyl lysine methyl ester.
adenosine 5' monophosphoramidase activity
adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidate hydrolase activity
Binding to ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
Binding to angiostatin, a proteolytic product of plasminogen or plasmin containing at least one intact kringle domain, and which is an inhibitor of angiogenesis.
inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate binding
Binding to inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate.
The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during angiogenesis.
regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
activation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
stimulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
upregulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
up regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
up-regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
downregulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
down regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
down-regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
inhibition of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to an actin molecule.
protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
Binds to and increases the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase.
protein ser/thr kinase activator activity
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase complex
A homodimeric, bifunctional enzyme complex which catalyzes the synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and is required for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 complex
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2 complex
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 complex
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 complex
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase complex
A multienzyme, heterooligomeric complex involved in dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis. In yeast the complex is composed of Alg7p, which catalyzes the first step (GlcNAc1-PP-Dol from dolichol-phosphate and UDP-GlcNAc), and Alg13p plus Alg14p, the catalytic and anchoring subunits respectively, which together catalyze the second step (GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol from GlcNAc1-PP-Dol and UDP-GlcNAc) of dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis.
The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
The addition of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, to a protein amino acid.
Binding to lipoamide, the functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group.
molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
Binding to a molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.
positive regulation of ARF GTPase activity
positive regulation of Cdc42 GTPase activity
positive regulation of Rab GTPase activity
positive regulation of Rac GTPase activity
positive regulation of Ral GTPase activity
positive regulation of Ran GTPase activity
positive regulation of Rap GTPase activity
positive regulation of Ras GTPase activity
positive regulation of Rho GTPase activity
Binding to a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid.
regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.
regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
positive regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
upregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
up regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
up-regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
downregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
down regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
down-regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
negative regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
aerobic respiration, using arsenite as electron donor
The oxidation of arsenite to arsenate, using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Arsenite oxidase provides electrons to an electron carrier which transfers them to oxygen utilizing respiratory systems.
regulation of translation in response to stress
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
regulation of translational initiation in response to stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
regulation of translation initiation in response to stress
Binding to insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
Binding to an insulin receptor substrate (IRS) protein, an adaptor protein that bind to the transphosphorylated insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, are themselves phosphorylated and in turn recruit SH2 domain-containing signaling molecules to form a productive signaling complex.
insulin receptor substrate [protein] binding
regulation of translational initiation in response to osmotic stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of inorganic nitrogen.
OBSOLETE. Enables the directed movement of odorants, any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
Heterodimeric protein complex composed of a 70 kDa and a 80 kDa subunit, binds DNA through a channel formed by the heterodimer. Functions in DNA double stranded break repair, chromosome maintenance, transcription regulation, V(D)J recombination, and activation of DNA-PK.
Binding to DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
regulation of IGF receptor signaling pathway
regulation of IGF receptor signalling pathway
regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
activation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of IGF receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of IGF receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signalling pathway
stimulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
downregulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of IGF receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of IGF receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signalling pathway
Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA repeat elements.
Any process involved in sustaining CRISPR repeat clusters, including capture of new spacer elements, expansion or contraction of clusters, propagation of the leader sequence and repeat clusters within a genome, transfer of repeat clusters and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes to new genomes, transcription of the CRISPR repeat arrays into RNA and processing, and interaction of CRISPR/cas loci with the host genome. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) elements are a family of sequence elements containing multiple direct repeats of 24-48 bp with weak dyad symmetry which are separated by regularly sized nonrepetitive spacer sequences.
maintenance of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat elements
The creation of two or more plastids by division of one plastid. A plastid is any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA.
The creation of two or more leucoplasts by division of one leucoplast. A leucoplast is a colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.
Transport of substances into, out of or within a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
The series of events in which a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.
regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment.
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external chemical gradient, usually toward or away from it.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear matrix, the dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.
nuclear matrix organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an elaioplast, a leucoplast in which oil is stored.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the periplasmic space, the region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, or the inner membrane and cell wall in fungi.
periplasmic space organization and biogenesis
OBSOLETE. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mycelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mycelium consists of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sporangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sporangium is a structure producing and containing spores.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nose over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).
The process in which the anatomical structures of the nose are generated and organized. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tongue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the tongue are generated and organized. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.
The region of a bacterial cell to which the DNA is confined.
endospore external encapsulating structure
The structures that lie outside the inner membrane and surround the entire endospore; consists of a peptidoglycan-containing inner layer (the endospore cortex) surrounded by a multilayered proteinaceous coat. An exosporium may be present as an extreme outer layer.
The outermost layer of a bacterial endospore, which is loosely attached and located outside of the endospore coat. It is generally composed of protein, carbohydrate, and perhaps lipid.
The layer in a bacterial endospore that lies under the exosporium, and is impermeable to many toxic molecules. The coat may also contain enzymes that are involved in endospore germination.
The outer membrane around a bacterial endospore, located between the endospore cortex and endospore coat.
A layer surrounding a bacterial endospore found inside the outer endospore membrane, but outside the membrane surrounding the endospore core. It consists of peptidoglycan of a different chemical nature than that found in vegetative cell walls which results in less cross-linking of peptidoglycan.
The Y-shaped region of a nuclear replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.
The Y-shaped region of a cytoplasmic replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.
cytoplasmic DNA replication factor C complex
A cytoplasmic complex of two polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. Examples of this component are found in prokaryotic species.
nuclear DNA replication factor C complex
A nuclear complex of five polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase delta or epsilon. In Saccharomyces and several other species, the subunits are known as Rfc1p-Rfc5p, although subunit names do not necessarily correspond between different species.
A multi-component enzymatic machine at the cytoplasmic replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, DNA polymerase, DNA helicase, and other proteins.
A multi-component enzymatic machine at the nuclear replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of carbon utilization.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of carbohydrate utilization.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprene, C5H8.
2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprene, C5H8.
2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoprene, C5H8.
2-methyl-1,3-butadiene catabolic process
A multifactor complex composed of multiple translation initiation factors and the initiatior tRNAiMet, which is ready to bind to the small (40S) ribosome to form the 43S preinitiation complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is composed of eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, and eIF5.
multifactor translation initiation factor (eIF) complex
The orderly movement of an astrocyte, a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord.
The multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Keratinocytes are epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo a characteristic change as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sucrose.
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
regulation of DNA-templated transcription in response to stress
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a DNA template as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
regulation of DNA-dependent transcription in response to stress
Binding to a domain within the same polypeptide.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell.
cortical microtubule cytoskeleton organization
cortical microtubule organization and biogenesis
A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex which differs in composition amongst species; in humans it is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa, while in S. cerevisiae, it has three different subunits which form a heterotrimer, and the active enzyme is a dimer of this heterotrimer. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair.
A protein complex composed of three identical PCNA monomers, each comprising two similar domains, which are joined in a head-to-tail arrangement to form a homotrimer. Forms a ring-like structure in solution, with a central hole sufficiently large to accommodate the double helix of DNA. Originally characterized as a DNA sliding clamp for replicative DNA polymerases and as an essential component of the replisome, and has also been shown to be involved in other processes including Okazaki fragment processing, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle regulation.
proliferating cell nuclear antigen complex
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a regulatory non-coding RNA molecule.
small regulatory ncRNA 3'-end processing
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule. In eukaryotes, substrates include nuclear non-coding RNAs such as precursors and a variety of incorrectly processed forms of snRNAs, snoRNAs, rRNAs, and tRNAs, as well as discarded RNA fragments which have been removed from ncRNA primary transcripts. Polyadenylation of precursors is often linked to termination of transcription, but polyadenylation of RNAs targeted for degradation may also occur post-transcriptionally. This polyadenylation is important both for 3'-end processing to produce mature ncRNA species and also for targeting incorrectly processed or discarded RNA molecules for degradation.
ncRNA polyadenylation involved in polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA, occurring as part of the process of polyadenylation-dependent non-coding RNA catabolism.
ncRNA polyadenylation during polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process
ncRNA polyadenylation involved in poly(A)-dependent ncRNA catabolic process
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule.
modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, initiated by covalent modification of the target molecule.
polyadenylation-dependent RNA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an RNA molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3'-end of the target RNA.
polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target ncRNA.
poly(A)-dependent ncRNA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bisphenol A, 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol, a synthetic, aromatic organic compound used as a monomer in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and in the manufacture of epoxy resins.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving puromycin, 3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyl-3'-(O-methyl-L-tyrosinamido)adenosine, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of puromycin, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
benzoate catabolic process via hydroxylation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its hydroxylation to cis-1,2-dihydroxybenzoate followed by dehydrogenation to catechol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
myo-inositol phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving linoleic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.
The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.
mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process
The change in the morphology of the mitochondria in an apoptotic cell from a highly branched network to a fragmented vesicular form.
mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptosis
The process in which a cell interprets signals (in the form of specific proteins and lipids) on the surface of a dying cell which it will engulf and remove by phagocytosis.
The space within a host but external to the plasma membrane of host cells, e.g. within host bloodstream.
That space within the plasma membrane of a host cell.
A cell within a host organism. Includes the host plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the host cell wall and cell envelope.
A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of the endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and an outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane) derived from the host cell.
A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of an endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and a non-endosymbiotic outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane).
A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants.
A membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).
The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome.
A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants, of a host cell.
A host-derived membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).
The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome of a host cell.
regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein.
regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
regulation of protein phosphatase type 2 activity
regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
The wall surrounding a mature pollen grain; a multilayered structure consisting of a pectocellulosic intine surrounded by a sporopollenin-based exine, which itself contains two layers, the inner nexine and the outer sexine.
The outer layer of the pollen grain wall which is composed primarily of sporopollenin.
The outer part of the exine, which stains positively with basic fuchsin in optical microscopy and has higher electron density in conventionally prepared TEM sections.
The inner part of the exine, which stains.
The inner, non-sculptured part of the exine which lies below the sexine.
The outer, sculptured layer of the exine, which lies above the nexine.
A rod-like element of the sexine and ectexine, supporting either the tectum (the layer of sexine which forms a roof over the columella), or supporting a caput (an architectural element on top of a columella).
The layer of sexine which forms a roof over the columella, granules or other infratectal elements.
OBSOLETE. A small pore in the outer wall of a mycelial spore through which the germ tube exits upon germination. It can be apical or eccentric in its location.
The innermost of the major layers of the pollen grain wall which underlies the exine and borders the cytoplasm.
Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.
A complex of cell wall invaginations in a synergid cell, similar to those in transfer cells.
P-type divalent copper transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cu2+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Cu2+(out).
copper-translocating P-type ATPase activity
copper transmembrane transporter activity, phosphorylative mechanism
The assembly from its constituent parts of a type IV pilus.
A complex of proteins related to those involved in bacterial DNA conjugative transfer, that permits the transfer of DNA or proteins into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells. In general the type IV complex forms a multisubunit cell-envelope-spanning structure composed of a secretion channel and often a pilus or other surface filament or protein(s).
type IV protein secretion system complex
conversion of glutamyl-tRNA to glutaminyl-tRNA
The modification process that results in the conversion of glutamate charged on a tRNA(Gln) to glutaminyl-tRNA.
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after translation has begun but before the protein has been released from the ribosome.
co-translational amino acid modification
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
posttranslational amino acid modification
post-translational amino acid modification
conversion of aspartyl-tRNA to asparaginyl-tRNA
The modification process that results in the conversion of aspartate charged on a tRNA(Asn) to asparaginyl-tRNA.
The directed movement of peripheral cell cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, towards the liver for catabolism.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.
The series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
The process in which a specialized structure (cell, tissue or organ) loses structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these structures can revert back to the features of their ancestors.
The process in which a specialized cell loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which purines crystalize in reflective stacks. Iridosomes are synthesized in iridophore cells and are silver, gold or iridescent in appearance.
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which uric acid and/or purines crystalize in reflective stacks. Leucosomes are synthesized in leucophore cells and have a whitish cast.
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which pteridine pigments are synthesized and stored. Pterinosomes are synthesized in xanthophores and erythrophore cells and are yellow, orange or red in appearance.
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which an unknown blue pigment is localized. Cyanosomes are synthesized in cyanophores and are blue in appearance.
A tissue-specific cytoplasmic vesicle surrounded by a membrane half-leaflet within which carotenoid pigments are stored. Carotenoid vesicles are synthesized in xanthophores and erythrophore cells and are yellow, orange or red in appearance.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanophycin, a non-protein, non-ribosomally produced amino acid polymer composed of an aspartic acid backbone and arginine side groups.
multi-L-arginyl-poly(L-aspartic acid) metabolism
cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
The attachment of a cell to either a host cell or a microbial cell of the same species, or to an underlying host substrate, such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules, occurring during the formation of a biofilm in or on a host species.
cell adhesion during single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
cell adhesion involved in biofilm formation
The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm.
cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation
The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, during the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of the same species.
cell adhesion during single-species biofilm formation
cell adhesion involved in multi-species biofilm formation
The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of different species.
cell adhesion during multi-species biofilm formation
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pilus, a short filamentous structure on a bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies.
2-hydroxyisocaproate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + isocaproyl-CoA = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA + isocaproate.
(R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate CoA transferase activity
(R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate CoA-transferase activity
(R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoisocaproate + NADH + H+ = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + NAD+.
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (R)-citramalate + CoA.
2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate enolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate = H+ + 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate. 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate is also known as DK-MTP-1-P, and 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate as HK-MTPenyl-1-P.
2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate. 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate is also known as HK-MTPenyl-P, and 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene as DHK-MTPene.
2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthio-phosphopentene phosphatase activity
2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA = H2O + glutaconyl-CoA.
(R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase activity
2-hydroxymethylglutarate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(hydroxymethyl)glutarate + NAD+ = 2-formylglutarate + H+ + NADH.
(S)-2-hydroxymethylglutarate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + O2 + H+ = 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O.
3-keto-5-aminohexanoate cleavage activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-keto-5-aminohexanoate + acetyl-CoA = L-3-aminobutyryl-CoA + acetoacetate.
4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = vinylacetyl-CoA + H2O.
4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase activity
gamma-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA dehydratase activity
gamma-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase activity
4-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + H+ = 4-cresol + CO2.
4-(hydroxyphenyl)acetate carboxy-lyase (4-methylphenol-forming)
4-hydroxyphenylacetate carboxy-lyase activity
p-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase activity
2,5-diamino-6-ribitylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate deaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil + ammonia.
2,5-diamino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one deaminase activity
2-keto-3-deoxygalactonate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-3-deoxygalactonate = D-glyceraldehyde + pyruvate.
5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione + H2O = 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione + orthophosphate.
5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminoimidazole + CO2 = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate.
2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-methionine.
2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one formate-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + formate + H+.
5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate + H2O = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate + NH3 + CO2.
6-hydroxynicotinate 3-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-hydroxynicotinate to 2,5-dihydroxypyridine, dependent on O2, NADH +H+ and FAD.
6-hydroxynicotinate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxynicotinate + H2O + O2 = 2,6-dihydroxynicotinate + H2O2.
6-hydroxynicotinate:O2 oxidoreductase activity
6-hydroxynicotinate hydroxylase activity
6-hydroxynicotinic acid dehydrogenase activity
6-hydroxynicotinic acid hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylbase + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylbase. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylpurine or 3-methylpyrimidine base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the methylated base, leaving an apurinic or apyrimidinic site.
DNA-N1-methyladenine dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine in DNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine as formaldehyde.
alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase
obsolete DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase IV activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alkylated DNA; recognizes and removes both N-3- and N-7-methyl purines by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic (AP) site.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at apurinic or apyrimidinic sites to products with a 5'-phosphate.
Escherichia coli endodeoxyribonuclease V activity
reduced coenzyme F420 dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: methanophenazine + reduced coenzyme F420 = dihydromethanophenazine + coenzyme F420.
1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 dehydrogenase activity
G/U mismatch-specific uracil-DNA glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of uracil from a U*G mispair by the cleavage the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free uracil and leaves an apyrimidinic (AP) site.
GU mismatch-specific uracil-DNA glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H2O = 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + 3 H+ + 2 phosphate.
alpha-aminoadipate acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate + coenzyme A.
L-2-aminoadipate N-acetyltransferase activity
LPPG:FO 2-phospho-L-lactate transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine = coenzyme F420-0 + GMP.
N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate 6-phosphate.
N-acetyl-L-aminoadipate 5-phosphotransferase activity
obsolete N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipyl-delta-phosphate + NADPH + H+ = N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate semialdehyde + NADP+ + orthophosphate.
obsolete N2-acetyl-L-lysine aminotransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate semialdehyde + L-glutamate = 2-oxoglutarate + N2-acetyl-L-lysine.
obsolete N2-acetyl-L-lysine deacetylase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: N2-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = acetate + L-lysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoate + H2O = 2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + MgATP + H2O = phenylphosphate + MgAMP + orthophosphate.
ATP:phenol:water phosphotransferase activity
phosphatidylinositol alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of one or more alpha-D-mannose residues from GDP-mannose to positions 2,6 and others in 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol.
GDP-mannose:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol alpha-D-mannosyltransferase activity
GDPmannose:1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol alpha-D-mannosyltransferase activity
GDP mannose:1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol alpha-D-mannosyltransferase activity
GDP mannose-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphomannose-phosphatidyl-inositol alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
phosphatidyl-myo-inositol alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
polyphosphate:AMP phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (polyphosphate)n + AMP = (polyphosphate)n-1 + ADP.
Catalysis of the reaction: RTP + adenosylcobinamide = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + RDP (where RTP is either ATP or GTP).
RTP:adenosylcobinamide phosphotransferase activity
dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-[2-methylpropanoyl]dihydrolipoyl)lysine.
2-methylpropanoyl-CoA:enzyme-6-N-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine:S-(2-methylpropanoyl)transferase activity
2-methylpropanoyl-CoA:enzyme-N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine:S-(2-methylpropanoyl)transferase activity
dihydrolipoamide branched chain acyltransferase activity
dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase activity
enzyme-dihydrolipoyllysine:2-methylpropanoyl-CoA S-(2-methylpropanoyl)transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate + H2O = alpha-ribazole + phosphate.
alpha-ribazole-5'-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
alpha-ribazole-5'-P phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + H2O = (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + adenosylcobyrate.
adenosylcobinamide amidohydrolase activity
adenosylcobinamide-phosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide phosphate, and ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide.
adenosylcobyric acid:(R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate ligase (ADP-forming)
acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA.
acetate--CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity
acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) activity
acetyl coenzyme A synthetase (adenosine diphosphate-forming)
aryl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2-methylbutanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA.
branched chain acyl CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) activity
branched chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) activity
branched-chain acyl CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) activity
branched-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) activity
acetyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + 2-oxoglutarate = N-acetyl-2-L-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate + L-glutamate.
N-acetyl-diaminopimelate aminotransferase activity
N-acetyl-L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-digeranylgeranylglycerol + L-serine = archaetidylserine + CMP.
CDP-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol:l-serine O-archaetidyltransferase activity
CDP-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol inositol 1-archaetidyltransferase activity
UTP:glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase regulator activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of UTP:glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase.
glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase regulator activity
UDP-glucose diphosphorylase regulator activity
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase regulator activity
T/G mismatch-specific endonuclease activity
Catalysis of the repair of T/G mismatches arising from deamination of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by nicking double-stranded DNA within the sequence CT(AT)GN or NT(AT)GG next to the mismatched thymidine residue. The incision is mismatch-dependent and strand-specific, in favor of the G-containing strand. The incision serves as a starting point for subsequent excision repair by DNA polymerase I, which excises thymidine and reinserts cytidine.
Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNACys + sulfide = L-cysteinyl-tRNACys + phosphate.
O-phosphoseryl-tRNA:cysteinyl-tRNA synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-pyrrolysine + tRNA(Pyl) = AMP + diphosphate + L-pyrrolysyl-tRNA(Pyl).
Catalysis of the reaction: S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine = (S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione + L-homocysteine.
S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine homocysteine-lyase [(4S)-4,5-dihydroxypentan-2,3-dione-forming]
A complex composed of four polypeptides, a telomere-protecting terminal protein (Tpg), a telomere-associated protein (Tap), DNA polymerase (PolA) and topoisomerase I (TopA), that functions in the replication of the telomeric regions of linear chromosomes, plasmids and circular replicons of some bacterial species.
demethylmenaquinone methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = menaquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + cytidine = ADP + CMP.
acyl-phosphate glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl phosphate + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + orthophosphate.
acylphosphate:glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity
acyl-phosphate:glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity
acylphosphate glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity
coenzyme F420-0 gamma-glutamyl ligase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: (1) GTP + F420-0 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + F420-1, and (2) GTP + F420-1 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + gamma-F420-2. This is the GTP-dependent successive addition of two L-glutamates to the L-lactyl phosphodiester of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (F420-0) to form F420-0-glutamyl-glutamate (F420-2), with a gamma-linkage between the two glutamates.
coenzyme F420-2 alpha-glutamyl ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420-2 + L-glutamate + GTP = coenzyme F420-3 + GDP + orthophosphate.
cobalt-precorrin-6B C5-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethionine + cobalt-precorrin 6B = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 7.
cobalt-precorrin 6B C5-methyltransferase activity
precorrin-6Y C5,15-methyltransferase (decarboxylating)
cobalt-precorrin-7 C15-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 7 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 8 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + CO2.
cobalt-precorrin 7 C15-methyltransferase activity
cobalt-precorrin-8 methylmutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 8 = cobyrinate.
cobalt-precorrin 8 methylmutase activity
cobalt-precorrin 8X methylmutase activity
cobalt-precorrin-8X methylmutase activity
cobalt-precorrin-5A acetaldehyde-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 5A + H2O = cobalt-precorrin 5B + acetaldehyde + H+.
cobalt-precorrin 5A acetaldehyde-lyase activity
cobalt-precorrin-5B C1-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 5B + S-adenosylmethionine = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 6A.
cobalt-precorrin 5B C1-methyltransferase activity
cobalt-factor II C20-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cobalt-factor II = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cobalt-factor III.
cobalt-factor II C20 methyltransferase activity
cobalt-precorrin-2 C(20)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:cobalt-factor-II C20-methyltransferase activity
cobalt-precorrin-3 C17-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 4 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
cobalt-precorrin-3B C17-methyltransferase activity
cobalt-precorrin 3 C17-methyltransferase activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, flavin as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the metal ion is reduced and flavin acts as an electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions with flavin as acceptor
oxidoreductase activity, reducing metal ions, flavin as acceptor
cinnamoyl-CoA:phenyllactate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-phenyllactate + [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonatooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methyl {[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-({2-[(2-{[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)propyl phosphonato]oxy}phosphonate = (R)-3-phenyllactoyl-CoA + trans-cinnamate.
(E)-cinnamoyl-CoA:(R)-phenyllactate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenylpropanoate + NAD+ = (E)-cinnamate + NADH + H+.
dimethylamine methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylamine + a dimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated dimethylamine corrinoid protein + methylamine.
dimethylamine:corrinoid methyltransferase activity
dimethylamine-specific methylcobalamin:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate + 2 H2O = 2-formylglutarate + NH4.
6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinate amidohydrolase activity
beta-ribofuranosylaminobenzene 5'-phosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + CO2 + diphosphate.
formate dehydrogenase (coenzyme F420) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: formate + coenzyme F420 = CO2 + reduced coenzyme F420.
Catalysis of the reaction: A + D-glyceraldehyde + H2O = (R)-glycerate + AH2 + H+.
glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde + H2O + NADP+ = D-glycerate + NADPH + H+.
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin.
D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Fd oxidoreductase activity
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + ATP = 2-phospho-D-glycerate + ADP.
Catalysis of the reactions: (1) glycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (2) D-alanine + H2O + O2 = pyruvate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (3) sarcosine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + methylamine + hydrogen peroxide; (4) N-ethylglycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + ethylamine + hydrogen peroxide.
glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabino-3-hexulose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate + formaldehyde = D-arabino-3-hexulose 6-phosphate.
hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamine + 2 ATP + 2 H2O + hydrogenobyrinate = 2 L-glutamate + 2 ADP + 4 H+ + hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide + 2 phosphate.
hydrogenobyrinic-acid:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c diamide synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) activity
hydroxyneurosporene-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: demethylspheroidene + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + spheroidene.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoylglycine => H2O + imidazol-4-one.
indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-2-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, CoA-indole-acetylating)
3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate synthase (ferredoxin) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + CoA = propionyl-CoA + formate.
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
2-ketoisovalerate ferredoxin reductase activity
2-oxoisovalerate ferredoxin reductase activity
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (decarboxylating; CoA-2-methylpropanoylating)
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate synthase (ferredoxin) activity
branched-chain ketoacid ferredoxin reductase activity
branched-chain oxo acid ferredoxin reductase activity
ketoisovalerate ferredoxin reductase activity
keto-valine-ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
lyso-ornithine lipid acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: lyso-ornithine lipid + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = ornithine lipid + [acyl-carrier protein].
ornithine-acyl [acyl carrier protein] N-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + L-ornithine = lyso-ornithine lipid + [acyl-carrier protein]. The enzyme, found in bacteria, catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of ornithine lipids.
ornithine-acyl[acyl carrier protein] N-acyltransferase activity
phosphate:acyl-[acyl carrier protein] acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a fatty acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + orthophosphate = acyl phosphate + [acyl-carrier protein].
phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4-phosphate + H2O = phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate.
phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate phosphatase activity
phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate + orthophosphate.
phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
phospholactate guanylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-(S)-lactate + GTP = lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine + diphosphate.
phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2 activity
Catalysis of the reaction: formate + ATP + 5'-phospho-ribosylglycinamide = 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide + ADP + diphosphate.
5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide transformylase 2
formate-dependent GAR transformylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Cys) + O-phospho-L-serine + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + phosphoseryl-tRNA(Cys).
O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Cys) synthetase activity
phosphoserine--tRNA(Cys) ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-O-phospho-3-sulfolactate = phosphoenolpyruvate + sulfite.
(2R)-O-phospho-3-sulfolactate sulfo-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)
(2R)-O-phospho-3-sulfolactate sulfo-lyase activity
(2R)-phospho-3-sulfolactate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + precorrin-3A = H2O + NAD+ + precorrin-3B.
precorrin-3A,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating)
precorrin-6A synthase (deacetylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O + precorrin-5 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + acetate + 2 H+ + precorrin-6X.
precorrin-6X synthase (deacetylating) activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:precorrin-5 C1-methyltransferase (deacetylating)
Catalysis of the irreversible NADH-dependent formation of propionyl-CoA from acryloyl-CoA.
propionyl-CoA:succinate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + propionyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA + propionate.
propionyl-CoA:succinate CoA transferase activity
propionyl-CoA succinate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 21 and 42 nucleotides, respectively, from the 5'- and 3'-termini of a 5S-rRNA precursor.
5S ribosomal maturation nuclease activity
5S ribosomal RNA maturation endonuclease activity
Catalysis of the reaction: spheroidene + O2 = spheroidenone + H2O.
succinylglutamate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + H2O + NAD+ = N-succinyl-L-glutamate + 2 H+ + NADH.
N-succinylglutamate 5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
succinyl glutamate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
succinylglutamic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
2-N-succinyl-L-ornithine:2-oxoglutarate 5-aminotransferase activity
N(2)-succinylornithine 5-aminotransferase activity
N2-succinyl-L-ornithine:2-oxoglutarate 5-aminotransferase activity
N2-succinylornithine 5-aminotransferase activity
succinyl ornithine transaminase activity
succinyl-ornithine transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5 sulfur + oxygen + 4 H2O = sulfite + thiosulfate + 2 hydrogen sulfide + 9 H+.
tRNA (adenine-57, 58-N(1)-) methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the methylation of adenine-57 and adenine-58 in the T-loop of tRNA.
tRNA (adenine-57, 58 N1-) methyltransferase activity
tRNA (adenine-57, 58-N1-) methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine + selenophosphate = 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine + phosphate (at the wobble position in tRNA).
tRNA-specific adenosine-37 deaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-37 + H2O = inosine-37 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.
thiol-driven fumarate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + coenzyme M + coenzyme B = succinate + coenzyme M + coenzyme B + heterodisulfide.
thiosulfate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-decylubiquinone + 2 thiosulfate = 6-decylubiquinol + tetrathionate.
thiosulfate:6-decylubiquinone oxidoreductase activity
thiosulfate:quinone oxidoreductase activity
thiosulfate oxidoreductase, tetrathionate-forming activity
thiosulphate:quinone oxidoreductase activity
thiosulphate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
[methyl-Co(III) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein]:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [methyl-Co(III) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein] + coenzyme M = [Co(I) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein] + H+ + methyl-coenzyme M. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
methylamine-specific methylcobalamin:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity
methylamine-specific methylcobalamin:CoM methyltransferase activity
monomethylamine-specific methylcobalamin:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity
trimethylamine methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + a trimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated trimethylamine corrinoid protein + dimethylamine.
trimethylamine:corrinoid methyltransferase activity
trimethylamine-specific methylcobalamin:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity
obsolete uracil/thymine dehydrogenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reactions: uracil + H2O + acceptor = barbiturate + reduced acceptor; and thymine + H2O + acceptor = 5-methylbarbiturate + reduced acceptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + H2O = 4-ureido-5-imidazole carboxylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NAD+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADH.
phosphatidylethanolamine:Kdo2-lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: Kdo2-lipid A + phosphatidylethanolamine = phosphoethanolamine-Kdo2-lipid A + diacylglycerol.
lipid A phosphate methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the 1-phosphate group of lipid A.
lipid A 1-phosphomethyltransferase activity
lipid A phosphomethyltransferase activity
branched-chain amino acid:2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-methionine.
branched chain amino acid:2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate aminotransferase activity
branched-chain-amino-acid:2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate aminotransferase activity
branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + GTP = 2-phospho-(S)-lactate + GDP.
Catalysis of the reactions: (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = KDO2-lipid IVA + CMP, and lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP.
3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic-acid transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + D-glucose = AMP + D-glucose 6-phosphate.
ADP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase activity
ADP-specific phosphofructokinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate = AMP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
ADP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase activity
ADP-dependent phosphofructokinase activity
DNA polymerase III, proofreading complex
A subcomplex of DNA polymerase III composed of the epsilon subunit which has proofreading activity, and the theta subunit which enhances the epsilon subunit's proofreading activity.
DNA polymerase III, proof-reading complex
DNA polymerase III, proofreading subcomplex
DNA polymerase III, proof-reading subcomplex
DNA polymerase III, clamp loader complex
A heptamer that includes the tau and gamma products of the dnaX gene and the chi/psi subcomplex. Confers structural asymmetry that allows the polymerase to replicate both leading and lagging strands.
DNA polymerase III, clamp loader chi/psi subcomplex
A dimer composed of the chi and psi subunits which is a subassembly of the DNA polymerase III clamp loader complex and serves as a bridge between the DnaX complex and the single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB).
DNA polymerase III, DnaX complex, chi/psi subcomplex
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the incision of damaged DNA on the 3' side of a lesion, typically at the ninth phosphodiester bond 3' of the damage.
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + protein-cysteine = S-palmitoyl protein + CoA, specific for Ras proteins.
DHHC cysteine-rich domain-containing protein ERF2
A heterotrimeric complex composed of the subunits RecF, RecO and RecR. Mediates the loading of RecA protein specifically onto SSB-coated gapped DNA during DNA repair.
monomethylamine methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: monomethylamine + a monomethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated monomethylamine corrinoid protein + NH3.
monomethylamine:corrinoid methyltransferase activity
A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of a methanol methyltransferase subunit, a corrinoid protein and a methanol-specific corrinoid:coenzyme M methyltransferase subunit. Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methanol to coenzyme M as part of the pathway of methanogenesis from methanol.
methanol:coenzyme M methyltransferase complex
methanol: coenzyme M methyltransferase complex
methanol-coenzyme M methyltransferase complex
cyclic nucleotide-gated mechanosensitive monoatomic ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an monoatomic ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress and when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
cyclic nucleotide gated mechanosensitive ion channel activity
cyclic nucleotide-gated mechanosensitive ion channel activity
cyclic nucleotide regulated mechanosensitive ion channel
cyclic nucleotide-regulated mechanosensitive ion channel
cyclic nucleotide-regulated small mechanosensitive ion channel
small conductance mechanosensitive ion channel
cyclic nucleotide-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
cyclic nucleotide activated ion channel activity
cyclic nucleotide-activated ion channel activity
cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel activity
cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity
The function of binding to an anti-sigma factor and stopping, preventing or reducing the rate of its activity.
N-acetylornithine carbamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-citrulline + H+ + phosphate.
acetylornithine transcarbamylase activity
carbamoyl-phosphate:2-N-acetyl-L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity
carbamoyl-phosphate:N2-acetyl-L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity
N-acetylornithine transcarbamylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + ornithine(in) = arginine(in) + ornithine(out).
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolytic cleavage of multi-L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartic acid (cyanophycin; a water-insoluble reserve polymer) into aspartate-arginine dipeptides.
Catalysis of the ATP-dependent polymerization of arginine and aspartate to multi-L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartic acid (cyanophycin; a water-insoluble reserve polymer).
Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine(out) + putrescine(in) = agmatine(in) + putrescine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + agmatine(in) = arginine(in) + agmatine(out).
arginine-agmatine exchange transporter activity
4-hydroxy-2-ketopimelate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-ketopimelate = succinate semialdehyde + pyruvate.
2,4-dihydroxyhept-2-ene-1,7-dioic acid aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetamide + H2O = indole-3-acetate + NH3. Indole-3-acetamide is known as IAM and indole-3-acetate as IAA.
methionine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of methionine from one side of a membrane to the other.
adenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin.
AMP,sulfite:thioredoxin-disulfide oxidoreductase (adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming)
AMP, sulfite:thioredoxin-disulfide oxidoreductase (adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming)
thioredoxin-dependent 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase activity
7-cyano-7-deazaguanine tRNA-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA guanine + 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine = tRNA 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + guanine.
archaeal tRNA-guanine transglycosylase activity
archaeosine tRNA-ribosyltransferase activity
N-acetyl-gamma-aminoadipyl-phosphate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-gamma-aminoadipyl phosphate + NADPH.
N-acetyl-alpha-glutamyl-phosphate reductase activity
N-acetyl-aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + NAD+ + 2 H2O = 2-aminoadipate + NADH + H+. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: lysine(out) + cadaverine(in) = lysine(in) + cadaverine(out).
cadaverine transmembrane transporter activity
pyruvate-flavodoxin oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + oxidized flavodoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced flavodoxin.
pyruvate:flavodoxin oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate; (1a) 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate = 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate; (1b) 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate.
5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl-phosphate phosphohydrolase (isomerizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + coenzyme A = propionyl-CoA + formate.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-threonine (or D-allo-threonine) = glycine + acetaldehyde.
galactosamine-6-phosphate isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-tagatose 6-phosphate + NH3.
galactosamine-6-phosphate deaminase activity
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (non-phosphorylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + NADH + H+.
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD) (non-phosphorylating) activity
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD) activity
NAD+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD)
glycolate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of glycolate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycolate is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).
glycolic acid transmembrane transporter activity
hydroxyacetic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the reduction of crotonyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA.
Catalysis of the hydration of mesaconyl-CoA to beta-methylmalyl-CoA.
beta-methylmalyl-CoA dehydratase activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).
Catalysis of the reaction: malate + H+ = L-lactate + CO2.
CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + corrinoid protein = CO + methylcorrinoid protein + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:corrinoid protein O-acetyltransferase activity
CO-methylating acetyl-coenzyme A synthase activity
carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
carbon-monoxide,water:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
carbon-monoxide:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity
structural constituent of carboxysome shell
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a carboxysome shell, an organelle found in all cyanobacteria and some chemoautotrophs, consisting of a proteinaceous coat and enzymes for the fixation of CO2.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
(S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a geranylgeranyl group from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate to form (S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.
(S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the alkylation of the primary hydroxyl group in (S)-glyceryl phosphate by geranylgeranyl diphosphate to form (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.
(S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglycerylphosphate synthase activity
N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate.
acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfatase activity
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-6-sulfate 6-sulfohydrolase activity
N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfatase activity
N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase activity
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) (phosphorylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)) (phosphorylating)
NAD(P)-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH-dependent) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: lactaldehyde + NADP+ = methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+.
lactaldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
acetate:monoatomic cation symporter activity
Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + cation(out) = acetate(in) + cation(in).
acetyl-CoA synthetase acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the acetylation of residue Lys609 of the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase, using acetyl-CoA as substrate.
cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase activity
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-(1,4-alpha-D-glucano)-transferase (cyclizing)
alpha-1,4-glucan 4-glycosyltransferase, cyclizing
neutral-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->6)-alpha-D-glucans and derived oligosaccharides.
glucan alpha-1,6-D-glucohydrolase activity
glucan 1,4-alpha-maltohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive alpha-maltose residues from the non-reducing ends of the chains.
1,4-alpha-D-glucan alpha-maltohydrolase activity
glucan-1,4-alpha-maltohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid.
2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl-1,2-dioxygenase activity
phosphoserine:homoserine phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoserine to homoserine to form phosphohomoserine.
obsolete regulation of multi-organism process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
obsolete negative regulation of multi-organism process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
obsolete positive regulation of multi-organism process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
regulation of biological process involved in symbiotic interaction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiosis, an interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association.
regulation of interspecies interactions between organisms
regulation of symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism
Catalysis of the reaction: isochorismate = salicylate + pyruvate.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Thr).
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ala-tRNA(Pro).
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Cys-tRNA(Pro).
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala) and Gly-tRNA(Ala).
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-citrulline + H2O = citrulline + acetate.
N-acetyl-L-citrulline deacetylase activity
ATP:coenzyme F420 adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + factor gamma-F420-2 + H+ = coenzyme F390-A + diphosphate.
ATP:coenzyme F420 adenyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysine + O2 + H2O = 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
obsolete chromosome segregation-directing complex
OBSOLETE. A trimeric protein complex which in E. coli is composed of the subunits MreB, MreC and MreD. The complex directs longitudinal cell wall synthesis, maintaining cell morphology.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + sulfur = hydrogen sulfide + NADP+.
CoA-dependent NAD(P)H sulfur oxidoreductase activity
coenzyme A-dependent NAD(P)H sulfur oxidoreductase activity
NAD(P)H elemental sulfur oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) = ADP + O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNA(Sec).
O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) kinase activity
DNA-7-methylguanine glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 7-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 7-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 7-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 7-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.
ribose 1,5-bisphosphate isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 1,5-bisphosphate = D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
ribose-1,5-bisphosphate isomerase activity
cadaverine aminopropyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + cadaverine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + N-(3-aminopropyl)cadaverine.
cadaverine aminopropyl transferase activity
agmatine aminopropyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + S-adenosylmethioninamine = N1-aminopropylagmatine + 5'-methylthioadenosine.
agmatine aminopropyl transferase activity
aminopropylagmatine ureohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N1-aminopropylagmatine + H2O = spermidine + urea.
modulation by host of viral transcription
Any process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.
regulation by host of viral transcription
regulation of viral transcription by host
negative regulation by host of viral transcription
Any process in which a host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.
negative regulation of viral transcription by host
positive regulation by host of viral transcription
Any process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription, the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
positive regulation of viral transcription by host
Binding to suramin, a naphthalenesulfonic acid compound which is used in the treatment of diseases caused by trypanosomes and worms.
obsolete exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent decay
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 5'-cap.
exonucleolytic catabolism of deadenylated mRNA
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 3'-poly(A) tail.
primary ovarian follicle growth involved in double layer follicle stage
Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle), as part of the double layer follicle stage of oogenesis.
primary ovarian follicle growth during double layer follicle stage
primary ovarian follicle growth involved in primary follicle stage
Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle) as part of the primary follicle stage of oogenesis.
primary ovarian follicle growth during primary follicle stage
ossification involved in bone maturation
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.
ossification involved in skeletal development
ossification involved in bone remodeling
The formation or growth of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in response to injury or other physical, physiological or environmental stress stimuli.
ossification involved in bone remodelling
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.
cellular macromolecular complex organization
cellular macromolecular complex subunit organisation
cellular macromolecular complex subunit organization
macromolecular complex subunit organisation
macromolecular complex subunit organization
protein-containing complex subunit organization
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure. A spore is a structure that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
The formation of spores derived from the products of meiosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
The formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
asexual reproduction resulting in the formation of a cellular spore
asexual sporulation resulting in the formation of a viable spore
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.
regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.
positive regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.
negative regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.
regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.
negative regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.
positive regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.
obsolete positive regulation of catalytic activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete induction by symbiont of host catalytic activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process which modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling.
positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling
Any process which activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling.
positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signalling
negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling
Any process which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling.
negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signalling
The process in which unfolded proteins are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by the Sec complex, in a process involving proteolytic cleavage of an N-terminal signal peptide.
protein translocation by the Sec complex
The process in which folded proteins are transported across cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) by the TAT complex.
protein translocation by the TAT complex
protein translocation by the twin-arginine translocation complex
The organization process that preserves a cellular component in a stable functional or structural state.
cellular component maintenance at cellular level
3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.
3-hydroxy propionyl-CoA synthetase activity
acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase/GroES-like domain
AMP-dependent synthetase and ligase:Enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase
3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O.
3-hydroxy propionyl-CoA dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = propionyl-CoA + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: propanoyl-CoA + NAD+ = acryloyl-CoA + H+ + NADH.
L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + glyoxylate = L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA.
L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA = mesaconyl-CoA + H2O.
succinyl-CoA:(R)-citramalate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + (R)-citramalate = succinate + (R)-citramalyl-CoA.
L-carnitine dehydratase/bile acid-inducible protein F
succinyl-CoA:(R)-citramalate CoA transferase activity
succinyl-CoA:R-citramalate CoA transferase
obsolete negative regulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
induction by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
suppression by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group.
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group.
The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group.
The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 18 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 23 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 4 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 27 of the histone.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 36 of the histone.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 79 of the histone.
The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.
The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.
The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone.
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 8 of the histone.
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone.
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 16 of the histone.
The modification of histone H4 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of the histone.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 10 of the histone.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 28 of the histone.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 1 of the histone.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 1 of the histone.
obsolete histone H2B-S14 phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 14 of the histone.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9).
histone acetylase activity (H3-K9 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K9 specific)
histone H3-K9 acetyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H3-K9 specific)
histone H3K18 acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 18) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 18).
histone acetylase activity (H3-K18 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K18 specific)
histone H3-K18 acetyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H3-K18 specific)
histone H3K23 acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 23) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 23).
histone acetylase activity (H3-K23 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K23 specific)
histone H3-K23 acetyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H3-K23 specific)
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).
histone acetylase activity (H4-K5 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H4-K5 specific)
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H4-K5 specific)
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 8) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 8).
histone acetylase activity (H4-K8 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H4-K8 specific)
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H4-K8 specific)
histone H4K12 acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).
histone acetylase activity (H4-K12 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H4-K12 specific)
histone H4-K12 acetyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H4-K12 specific)
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine.
H2A histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity
histone H2AK5 acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).
histone acetylase activity (H2A-K5 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H2A-K5 specific)
histone H2A-K5 acetyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H2A-K5 specific)
The process in which an organism or its progeny spreads from one location to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The directional movement of an organism from one place to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process that begins with the production and formation of structures and molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and utilization of nutrients from its host organism, and the ends with the acquirement of the nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism.
modification by symbiont of host biological process
modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology
modulation by symbiont of host system process
regulation by symbiont of host system process
obsolete dissemination or transmission of symbiont from host
OBSOLETE. The movement of an organism from a host to another host or from a host to another place in the environment. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete dissemination or transmission of symbiont from host by vector
OBSOLETE. The movement of an organism from one host to another (or another place in the environment) by means of a third organism (often an insect or other animal). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The transfer of virions by means of an organism (often an insect or other animal) in order to create new infection.
A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of the same species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
bundle-forming fimbriae-dependent aggregation
bundle-forming pili-dependent aggregation
single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription.
histone H2AK9 acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9).
histone acetylase activity (H2A-K9 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H2A-K9 specific)
histone H2A-K9 acetyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H2A-K9 specific)
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine.
H2B histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity
histone H2BK5 acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).
histone acetylase activity (H2B-K5 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H2B-K5 specific)
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H2B-K5 specific)
histone H2BK12 acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).
histone acetylase activity (H2B-K12 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H2B-K12 specific)
histone H2B-K12 acetyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H2B-K12 specific)
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 4).
histone acetylase activity (H3-K4 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific)
histone H3-K4 acetyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific)
histone H3K27 acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 27) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 27).
histone acetylase activity (H3-K27 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K27 specific)
histone H3-K27 acetyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H3-K27 specific)
histone H3K36 acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 36) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 36).
histone acetylase activity (H3-K36 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K36 specific)
histone H3-K36 acetyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H3-K36 specific)
histone H3K72 acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 72) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 72).
histone acetylase activity (H3-K72 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K72 specific)
histone H3-K72 acetyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-acetyltransferase activity (H3-K72 specific)
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H4)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H4)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 3 of histone H4, producing histone H4R3me.
histone-arginine N-methyltransferase activity (H4-R3 specific)
histone H4R3 arginine methylase activity
histone methylase activity (H4-R3 specific)
histone methyltransferase activity (H4-R3 specific)
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-serine (position 28) + ATP = histone H3-phosphoserine (position 28) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 28 of histone H3.
histone kinase activity (H3-S28 specific)
histone serine kinase activity (H3-S28 specific)
histone-serine kinase activity (H3-S28 specific)
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4-serine (position 1) + ATP = histone H4-phosphoserine (position 1) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 1 of histone H4.
histone kinase activity (H4-S1 specific)
histone serine kinase activity (H4-S1 specific)
histone-serine kinase activity (H4-S1 specific)
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2A-serine (position 1) + ATP = histone H2A-phosphoserine (position 1) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 1 of histone H2A.
histone kinase activity (H2A-S1 specific)
histone serine kinase activity (H2A-S1 specific)
histone-serine kinase activity (H2A-S1 specific)
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2B-serine (position 14) + ATP = histone H2B-phosphoserine (position 14) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 14 of histone H2B.
histone kinase activity (H2B-S14 specific)
histone serine kinase activity (H2B-S14 specific)
histone-serine kinase activity (H2B-S14 specific)
OBSOLETE. An increase in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in DNA.
negative regulation of gene expression via CpG island methylation
An epigenetic gene regulation mechanism that negatively regulates gene expression by methylation of cytosine residues in chromosomal CpG islands. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.
epigenetic regulation of gene expression via CpG island hypermethylation
negative regulation of gene expression via chromosomal DNA cytosine methylation
negative regulation of gene expression via CpG island hypermethylation
OBSOLETE. An decrease in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in DNA.
positive regulation of gene expression via CpG island demethylation
An epigenetic gene regulation mechanism that positively regulates gene expression by demethylation of cytosine residues in chromosomal CpG islands. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.
obsolete modification by symbiont of host protein by phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism adds a phosphate group to a protein of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of indole acetic acid levels in host
The alteration by an organism of the levels of indole acetic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of auxin levels in host
modulation by symbiont of IAA levels in host
obsolete multi-organism metabolic process
OBSOLETE. A metabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances - which involves more than one organism.
obsolete multi-organism biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. A biosynthetic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances - which involves more than one organism.
obsolete multi-organism catabolic process
OBSOLETE. A catabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances - which involves more than one organism.
cell wall macromolecule metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
cellular cell wall macromolecule metabolic process
cellular cell wall macromolecule metabolism
obsolete multi-organism cell wall macromolecule metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of a cell wall, involving more than one organism. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
cell wall macromolecule biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a cell wall.
cellular cell wall macromolecule biosynthetic process
cell wall macromolecule biosynthetic process at cellular level
obsolete multi-organism carbohydrate metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, that involve more than one organism.
obsolete multi-organism carbohydrate catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, involving more than one organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
obsolete multi-organism glucan metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues, involving more than one organism.
obsolete interaction with host via substance in symbiont surface
OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance on the surface of the other (symbiont) organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with host via substance in symbiont cell outer membrane
OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance in the symbiont cell outer membrane - a lipid bilayer that forms the outermost layer of the symbiont cell envelope. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with host via substance released outside of symbiont
OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance that is released by the other organism. This includes substances that are released via pathogen cell lysis.
obsolete interaction with host via protein secreted by type I secretion system
OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism via a type I secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with host via protein secreted by type V secretion system
OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism via a type V secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with host via protein secreted by type VI secretion system
OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism via a type VI secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with host via substance released by sporangium lysis
OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released via rupture of symbiont sporangia, structures producing and containing spores. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with host via substance released by symbiont cytolysis
OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released via cytolysis of symbiont cells. Cytolysis is the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with host via substance released by membrane budding
OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released via symbiont membrane budding, the evagination of a membrane resulting in formation of a vesicle.
translocation of peptides or proteins into host cell cytoplasm
The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by a symbiont organism to a location within the host cell cytoplasm.
translocation of symbiont peptides or proteins into host cell cytoplasm
transport of peptides or proteins into host cell cytoplasm
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host digestive system process
OBSOLETE. The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by the host organism to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host endocrine process
OBSOLETE. The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a endocrine process, any of the hormonal, neural, and secretory processes that release products into the blood or lymph, in the host organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endocrine process, a process involving the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system.
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host excretion
OBSOLETE. The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of excretion, the elimination by the host organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host nervous system process
OBSOLETE. The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a host neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host respiratory system process
OBSOLETE. The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system.
regulation of respiratory system process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system.
modification by symbiont of host cell nucleus
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host cell nucleus.
modification by symbiont of host nucleus
modification of host cell nucleus by symbiont
modification of host nucleus by symbiont
modification by symbiont of host cell-cell junction
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host intercellular junction, a specialized region of connection between two cells.
modification by symbiont of host intercellular junctions
modification of host intercellular junctions by symbiont
modulation by symbiont of host cellular process
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in its host organism.
modulation of host cellular process by symbiont
regulation by symbiont of host cellular process
regulation of host cellular process by symbiont
modulation by symbiont of host anion transport
The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the anion transport, the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, of its host organism.
modification of host anion transport by symbiont
regulation of monoatomic anion transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
modulation by symbiont of host cell cycle
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in its host's cell cycle through direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery.
modification by symbiont of host cell cycle
modulation of host cell cycle by symbiont
regulation by symbiont of host cell cycle
negative regulation by symbiont of host cell cycle
The process in which a symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of its host's progression through its cell cycle via direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery.
modulation by symbiont of host translation
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in translation, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, in its host organism.
modification by symbiont of host translation
modulation of host translation by symbiont
regulation by symbiont of host translation
negative regulation by symbiont of host translation
The process in which a symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, in its host organism.
negative regulation of host translation by symbiont
modulation by symbiont of host vacuole organization
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole organization in its host organism.
modulation by symbiont of host vacuole biogenesis
modulation by symbiont of host vacuole organisation
modulation of host vacuole organization by symbiont
regulation by symbiont of host vacuole organization
positive regulation by symbiont of host vacuole organization
The process in which a symbiont organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole organization in its host organism.
positive regulation by symbiont of host vacuole biogenesis
positive regulation by symbiont of host vacuole organisation
positive regulation of host vacuole organization by symbiont
modulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated endocytosis
The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport, in its host organism.
modulation of host receptor-mediated endocytosis by symbiont
regulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated endocytosis
positive regulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated endocytosis
Any process in which a symbiont organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport, in its host organism.
positive regulation of host receptor-mediated endocytosis by symbiont
modulation by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.
modification by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion
modulation of host neurotransmitter secretion by symbiont
regulation by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion
modulation by symbiont of host cGMP-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling in its host organism.
modulation by symbiont of host cGMP-mediated signaling
modulation by symbiont of host cGMP-mediated signalling
modulation by symbiont of host cGMP-mediated signal transduction pathway
modulation of host cGMP-mediated signal transduction by symbiont
regulation by symbiont of host cGMP-mediated signal transduction
modulation by symbiont of host nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction in its host organism.
modulation by symbiont of host nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
modulation of host nitric oxide-mediated signaling by symbiont
modulation of host nitric oxide-mediated signalling by symbiont
modulation of host nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction by symbiont
regulation by symbiont of host nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction
modulation by symbiont of host small GTPase mediated signal transduction
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction in its host organism.
modulation of host small GTPase mediated signal transduction by symbiont
regulation by symbiont of host small GTPase mediated signal transduction
modulation by symbiont of host Rho protein signal transduction
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction in its host organism.
modulation by symbiont of host Rho protein mediated signal transduction
modulation by symbiont of host Rho protein-mediated signal transduction
modulation of host Rho protein signaling by symbiont
modulation of host Rho protein signalling by symbiont
modulation of host Rho protein signal transduction by symbiont
regulation by symbiont of host Rho protein signal transduction
Any small opening in a host cell membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids, composed of host proteins.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component.
cellular component biogenesis at cellular level
regulation of cellular component biogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.
positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component.
positive regulation of vacuole organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.
positive regulation of vacuole biogenesis
positive regulation of vacuole organisation
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a membrane.
negative regulation of molecular function
Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
positive regulation of molecular function
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
Any constituent part of a host cell's nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
That part of a host cell's nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A short filamentous structure on the surface of a bacterial cell distinguished from other pili by post-translational N-methylation of the pilin monomers.
secretion by the type IV secretion system
The controlled release of proteins or DNA by a cell, via the type IV secretion system.
secretion via the type IV secretion system
DNA secretion by the type IV secretion system
The controlled release of DNA by a cell, via the type IV secretion system.
DNA secretion via the type IV secretion system
A highly specialized structure unique to microsporidia that is required for host cell invasion. In the spore, the polar tube is connected at the anterior end, and then coils around the sporoplasm. Upon appropriate environmental stimulation, the polar tube rapidly discharges out of the spore, pierces a cell membrane and serves as a conduit for sporoplasm passage into the new host cell.
The complex infective apparatus corresponding to the central mass of cytoplasm within a spore that is injected into a host cell by various parasitic microorganisms.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA.
Catalysis of deoxyribose exchange between purine deoxyribonucleoside as a donor and purine base as an acceptor.
purine 2'-deoxyribosyltransferase activity
L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + NADP+ = L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADPH + H+.
2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NAD+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADH + H+.
2,5-dioxopentanoate:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
2,5-dioxopentanoate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: xylitol + NAD+ = L-xylulose + NADH + H+.
obsolete cellular alcohol metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom, as carried out by individual cells.
obsolete cellular alcohol biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom, carried out at the level of an individual cell.
obsolete cellular alcohol catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom, occurring at the level of the individual cell.
obsolete growth involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of an organism occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction.
formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process
The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction.
development during symbiotic interaction
development involved in symbiotic interaction
development of symbiont during interaction with host
development of symbiont involved in interaction with host
development on or near surface of other organism during symbiotic interaction
development on or near surface of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
obsolete development in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring within the cells or tissues of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down the tissue of the second organism.
The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down host tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
development of symbiont in host intercellular space
development of symbiont in host vascular tissue
obsolete development of symbiont in host cell
OBSOLETE. The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete development of symbiont in host vacuole
OBSOLETE. The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in a host vacuole. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of growth of symbiont in host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont regulates the increase in its size or mass within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
regulation of development of symbiont in host
Any process in which the symbiont regulates its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of growth of symbiont in host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases its size or mass within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of development of symbiont in host
Any process in which the symbiont activates or maintains its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces its increase in size or mass within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation of development of symbiont in host
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
obsolete development of symbiont on or near host
OBSOLETE. The progression of a symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of its host organism.
obsolete growth of symbiont on or near host
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of a symbiont within the cells or tissues of its host organism.
obsolete development of symbiont on or near host phyllosphere
OBSOLETE. The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near its host phyllosphere. The host phyllosphere is defined as total above-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete growth of symbiont on or near host phyllosphere
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of symbiont occurring on or near its host phyllosphere. The host phyllosphere is defined as total above-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete development of symbiont on or near host rhizosphere
OBSOLETE. The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near its host rhizosphere. The host rhizosphere is defined as total below-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for its symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete growth of symbiont on or near host rhizosphere
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of symbiont occurring on or near its host rhizosphere. The host rhizosphere is defined as total below-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for its symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation of development of symbiont on or near host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont regulates its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
obsolete modulation of growth of symbiont on or near host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont regulates the increase in its size or mass on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
obsolete negative regulation of growth of symbiont on or near host surface
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in the symbiont's size or mass on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
obsolete negative regulation of development of symbiont on or near host surface
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont's progression from an initial condition to a later condition, on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
obsolete positive regulation of growth of symbiont on or near host surface
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont's increase in size or mass on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
obsolete positive regulation of development of symbiont on or near host surface
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont's progression from an initial condition to a later condition, on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
obsolete modulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
modulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
modulation of development of symbiont during interaction with host
modulation of development of symbiont involved in interaction with host
obsolete negative regulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
negative regulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
negative regulation of development of symbiont during interaction with host
negative regulation of development of symbiont involved in interaction with host
obsolete positive regulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
positive regulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
positive regulation of development of symbiont during interaction with host
positive regulation of development of symbiont involved in interaction with host
obsolete development of host on or near symbiont surface
OBSOLETE. The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near the exterior of its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete growth of host on or near symbiont surface
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of an organism occurring on or near the exterior of its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 14 of the histone.
A small pit, depression, or invagination, such as any of the minute pits or incuppings of the host cell membrane formed during pinocytosis, that communicates with the outside of a host cell and extends inward, indenting the host cytoplasm and the host cell membrane. Such caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the host cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A plasma membrane part that forms a specialized region of connection between two host cells or between a host cell and the host extracellular matrix. At a host cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the host plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
A prolongation or process extending from a host cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the host cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan.
A membranous cellular structure within the host cell that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the host plasma membrane. In eukaryotic host cells they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.
The pigmented membrane of any host thylakoid.
A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a host cell.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell cytoplasmic vesicle.
A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic host cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
The part of the host cell cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the host cell endoplasmic reticulum.
host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell endoplasmic reticulum.
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host rough ER has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.
host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum.
host rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host smooth ER has no ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.
host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
host smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane
host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between host cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the host Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi transport.
host cell ER-Golgi intermediate compartment
host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell ER-Golgi intermediate compartment system.
host cell ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
host ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
A membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to host cell lysosomes for degradation.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell endosome.
Thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile host cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone; usually approximately 0.1 um wide, 5-10 um long, can be up to 50 um long in axon growth cones; contains a loose bundle of about 20 actin filaments oriented with their plus ends pointing outward.
A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic host cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell Golgi apparatus.
The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another.
envenomation resulting in hemolysis in another organism
envenomation resulting in hemolysis in other organism
hemolysis of erythrocytes in other organism
hemolysis of red blood cells in other organism
filamentous growth of a unicellular organism
The process in which a unicellular organism grows in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
filamentous growth of a multicellular organism
The process in which a multicellular organism grows in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms
The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
Binding to a protein or a protein-containing complex to assist the protein folding process.
protein binding involved in protein folding
A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from host early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Host late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell late endosome.
Any particle of coalesced lipids in the cytoplasm of a host cell. May include associated proteins.
A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most host animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and host cell lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell lysosome and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm.
OBSOLETE. Any of the small, heterogeneous, artifactual, vesicular particles, 50-150 nm in diameter, that are formed when some eukaryotic host cells are homogenized and that sediment on centrifugation at 100000 g.
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host cell mitochondrion and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the host cell mitochondrion and form the host cell mitochondrial envelope.
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the host cell mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host cell mitochondrial envelope.
A specialized secretory lysosome that is present in cells with cytolytic capability such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Cytolytic granules mediate the storage and regulated excretion of lytic molecules for killing of target cells.
Long, dynamic tubular channels, formed by invagination of the nuclear envelope, that extend deep into the nucleoplasm. The channels have an underlying lamina and are implicated in functioning in signaling and transport.
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic host cells.
Binding to a Rel Homology Domain (RHD) of a protein. The RHD is found in a family of eukaryotic transcription factors, which includes NF-kappaB, Dorsal, Relish and NFAT.
Binding to a TRAF-type zinc finger domain of a protein.
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the host cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the host nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope.
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.
The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a host cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments.
The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the host nuclear membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate, starting with the synthesis of (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate; UMP biosynthesis may either occur via reduction by quinone, NAD+ or oxygen.
Any process which produces UMP, uridine monophosphate, from derivatives of it (e.g. cytidine, uridine, cytosine) without de novo synthesis.
UMP biosynthesis via nucleoside salvage pathway
UMP biosynthetic process via nucleoside salvage pathway
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).
translation initiation (ternary) complex
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from derivatives of it (either adenine, ADP or adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate) without de novo synthesis.
AMP biosynthetic process via salvage pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from simpler components.
'de novo' cytidine 5'-triphosphate biosynthetic process
Any process which produces cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
CTP biosynthetic process via salvage pathway
obsolete spanning component of plasma membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some part that spans both leaflets of the membrane.
OBSOLETE. A secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.
OBSOLETE. A cell of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.
Any constituent part of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.
The cell membrane of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.
A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one host cell to that of an adjacent host cell.
host cell perinuclear region of cytoplasm
The host cell cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the host nucleus.
The junction between a nerve fiber of one host neuron and another host neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication.
An intracytoplasmic membrane-bounded compartment in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria, is the site of anammox catabolism.
A cytoplasmic structure found in bacterial phyla Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia containing a condensed nucleoid and ribosomes and surrounded by an intracytoplasmic membrane. It is surrounded by ribosome-free cytoplasm, in a compartment called the paryphoplasm.
A region of an axon near a node of Ranvier that is between the paranode and internode regions.
Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the apical dendrite emerges.
Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the basilar dendrite emerges.
A cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded compartment found within Methanotrophic bacteria that contains enzymes and electron transfer proteins for methane catabolism. This structure is analogous to the thylakoid of Cyanobacteria and the anammoxosome of anaerobic ammonium oxidation organisms.
methanotroph intracytoplasmic membrane-bound compartment
The external part of the host cell wall and/or host plasma membrane.
The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer host membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or inner host membrane and host cell wall (Fungi).
An envelope that surrounds a bacterial host cell and includes the host cytoplasmic membrane and everything external, encompassing the host periplasmic space, host cell wall, and host outer membrane if present.
A specialized area of membrane of the host axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the host neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many host synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.
A zone of apposition between the membranes of an organelle with another membrane, either another membrane of the same organelle, a membrane of another organelle, or the plasma membrane. Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are structured by bridging complexes. They are specialized for communication, including the efficient traffic of small molecules such as Ca2+ ions and lipids, as well as enzyme-substrate interactions.
mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane
A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, structured by bridging complexes. These contact sites are thought to facilitate inter-organelle calcium and phospholipid exchange.
endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrion membrane contact site
mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact
The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
obsolete salivary polysaccharide catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides by salivary amylase. Salivary amylase is released by salivary glands, usually in the mouth.
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested lipids into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested polysaccharides into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
obsolete cellular polysaccharide catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
negative regulation of metabolic activity involved in hibernation
The slowing of metabolic processes to very low levels in order to conserve energy as a part of hibernation.
downregulation of metabolic activity during hibernation
down regulation of metabolic activity during hibernation
down-regulation of metabolic activity during hibernation
inhibition of metabolic activity during hibernation
negative regulation of metabolic activity during hibernation
obsolete protein catabolic process by pepsin
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by pepsin in the stomach. Pepsin is generated from its precursor pepsinogen, which is activated by hydrolchloric acid (gastric acid).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells.
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested proteins into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fatty acids and monoglycerides of lipids in the small intestine. Lipids are broken down by lipases released by the pancreas.
obsolete cellular macromolecule metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells.
obsolete cellular carbohydrate metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
obsolete cellular polysaccharide metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells.
obsolete cellular macromolecule catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.
cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
obsolete cellular carbohydrate catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
A process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall.
cell wall disruption in another organism
The disruption of the cell wall of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of the cell wall.
Electron dense material observed coating the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane in certain regions of a neuron, e.g., the axon initial segment; the nodal membrane at the Node of Ranvier.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.
A tubular structure of relatively uniform size that connects a mitochondrial crista to the mitochondrial inner boundary membrane.
A cell-cell contact zone that consists of membrane invaginations extending from either cell, which contain tight-, gap-, and adherens junctions. Peg and socket contacts form between endothelial cells and pericytes, and between lens fiber cells.
A small version of the zonula adherens type junction, characterized by a symmetrical adherent point between two cells.
mitochondrial inner-outer membrane contact site
Sites of close apposition of the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane.
The space bounded by the mitochondrial cristae membranes, continuous with the intermembrane space.
Extended zone of intimate apposition between two cells containing one or more types of intercellular junctions, e.g., the intercalated disk of muscle.
A structure at the distal end of a dendrite adapted to carry out a specific function, e.g. dendriole.
Small dendrites that makes up a brush structure found as the terminal specialization of a dendrite of a unipolar brush cell (UBC).
The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell dendrite.
The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon.
The terminal specialization found in some types of dendrites which consists of numerous small terminal branches, giving the dendrite a tufted appearance.
The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.
The plasma membrane of a cell that bears surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella, excluding the plasma membrane on cell projections.
The axon of a dorsal root ganglion cell that are responsive to pain and temperature. C-fibers are small in diameter (0.2-1.5 um) and unmyelinated.
An axon arising from cerebellar projecting cells in the cochlea, vestibular nuclei, spinal cord, reticular formation, cerebellar nuclei and basilar pontine nuclei. Mossy fibers enter through all three cerebellar peduncles and send collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei, then branch in the white matter and terminate in the granule cell layer. Through this branching, a given mossy fiber can innervate several folia. Mossy fibers synapse on granule cells. The synaptic contacts are made at enlargements along the length of the mossy fiber called mossy fiber rosettes. The enlargements of the rosettes give the axons a mossy-looking appearance in Golgi stained preparations.
The axon of inferior olive neuron that projects to the cerebellar cortex, largely via the inferior cerebellar peduncle. They range in diameter from 1-3 um and are myelinated until they enter the granule cell layer. They give off collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei. They synapse extensively with the dendrites of Purkinje cells in the molecular layer, where each fiber branches repeatedly to climb along the Purkinje cell dendritic tree. Each Purkinje cell is innervated by only a single climbing fiber.
Distinctive, unmyelinated axons produced by granule cells.
Any of the smaller branches of an axon that emanate from the main axon cylinder.
The main axonal trunk, as opposed to the collaterals; i.e., excluding collaterals, terminal, spines, or dendrites.
The terminal specialization of a calyciferous axon which forms large synapses in the mammalian auditory central nervous system.
The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.
A dendrite arising from another dendrite.
A spine that originates from the axon, usually from the initial segment.
A small membranous protrusion, often ending in a bulbous head and attached to the neuron by a narrow stalk or neck.
A membrane-bounded vesicle found predominantly in Plasmodium female gametocytes, that becomes progressively more abundant as the gametocyte reaches full maturity. These vesicles lie beneath the subpellicular membrane of the gametocyte, and the release of their contents into the parasitophorous vacuole has been postulated to aid in the escape of gametocytes from the erythrocyte after ingestion by the mosquito.
A dense granule-like organelle of the apical complex of merozoites, released into the parasitophorous vacuole, mediating protease-dependent rupture and parasite exit from the infected erythrocyte.
A transient, cytoplasmic organelle found in Plasmodium species that resembles a cytoplasmic inclusion body and whose function is poorly understood. Crystalloids form in ookinetes and disappear after ookinete-to-oocyst transformation.
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K6-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein.
protein secretion by the type VII secretion system
The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells, via the type VII protein secretion system.
A specialized axon terminus which is produced by retinal cone cells. Pedicles are large, conical, flat end-feet (8-10 micrometers diameter) of the retinal cone axon that lie more or less side by side on the same plane at the outer edge of the outer plexiform layer (OPL).
A specialized neuron projection which is the site of synaptic transmission produced by retinal rod cells. Rod spherules are small round enlargements of the axon (3-5 micrometers diameter) or even extensions of the cell body.
L-aspartate:fumarate oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + fumarate = alpha-iminosuccinate + succinate.
The migration of a cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous surface.
cell migration involved in wound healing epiboly
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism].
endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment
A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in which proteins with improper or incorrect folding accumulate. Enzymes in this compartment direct proteins with major folding problems to translocation to the cytosol and degradation, and proteins with minor folding problems to the ER, to interact with chaperon proteins.
retinoic acid-responsive element binding
Binding to a retinoic acid-responsive element, a variable direct repeat of the sequence PuGGTCA spaced by five nucleotides (DR5) found in the promoters of retinoic acid-responsive genes, to which retinoic acid receptors bind.
obsolete regulation of transcription involved in anterior/posterior axis specification
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
Binding to a transmembrane transporter, a protein or protein complex that enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.
Part of the dendritic spine that connects the dendritic shaft to the head of the dendritic spine.
Distal part of the dendritic spine, that carries the post-synaptic density.
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of endothelial cell migration.
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of cell to cell adhesion.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of wound healing
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in positive regulation of wound healing.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of wound healing
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of wound healing
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in positive regulation of wound healing
The attachment of one cell to another cell via a cadherin, transmembrane proteins having repeating extracellular calcium ion binding domains.
Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis.
Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the generation and the organization of the digestive tract.
Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis
Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis
Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of epithelial cell to mesenchymal cell transition.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in neural crest cell differentiation.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process.
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptosis
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptosis
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptosis
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptosis
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in osteoblast differentiation.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to modulating the rate or frequency of cell proliferation.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation
The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, by a mechanism dependent upon sodium ions.
The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic B cells, resulting in the expansion of an pancreatic B cell population. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in pancreatic beta cell proliferation
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus.
stromal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate gland development
The process of transferring information from a stromal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted, as part of prostate gland development.
stromal-epithelial cell signalling involved in prostate gland development
Any apoptotic process in a fibroblast, a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides.
plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, which forms part of the cell wall.
plant-type cell wall polysaccharide breakdown
The removal of a section of DNA from a larger DNA molecule by the making of dual incisions that flank the section to be excised.
An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by invagination of the plasma membrane to form uncoated micropinosomes, differentiated from macropinosomes by their smaller size, on average 95 nm.
An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by the 'ruffling' of the cell membrane to form heterogeneously sized intracellular vesicles called macropinosomes, which can be up to 5 micrometers in size.
A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of pinocytosis.
A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of micropinocytosis.
A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of macropinocytosis.
A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign DNA.
clearance of foreign intracellular DNA by conversion of DNA cytidine to uridine
Any process that modulates the propensity of rRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize rRNAs.
envenomation resulting in hemorrhagic damage in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with vascular damage and hemorrhage in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in hemorrhagic damage to other organism
modulation of molecular function in another organism
The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in a second organism.
modulation of molecular function in other organism
modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.
modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.
negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of molecular function in another organism
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.
negative regulation of molecular function in other organism
modulation of potassium channel activity in another organism
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a potassium channel in another organism.
modulation of potassium channel activity in other organism
A process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the second organism's cells.
envenomation resulting in modulation of platelet aggregation in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change to the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of platelet aggregation in other organism
envenomation resulting in regulation of platelet aggregation in other organism
Binding to a cytokinin, any of a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.
The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to DNA in a sequence-specific manner and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.
DNA bending involving sequence-specific DNA binding
Any process that modulates the volume of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
obsolete RNA polymerase II complex import to nucleus
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II core complex from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding, bending
Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.
RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding, bending
RNA polymerase II promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding, bending
RNA polymerase II proximal promoter region sequence-specific DNA binding, bending
RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding, bending
non-sequence-specific DNA binding, bending
The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to DNA in a sequence-independent manner and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.
DNA bending involving non-sequence-specific DNA binding
protein localization to actin cortical patch
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, an actin cortical patch.
protein localisation to actin cortical patch
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the cytoskeleton.
glucose import in response to insulin stimulus
The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell as a result of an insulin stimulus.
cellular glucose import in response to insulin stimulus
CLRC complex localization to heterochromatin
The process by which a CLRC complex is transported to, or maintained in, heterochromatin. CLRC complex is an active cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi and histone H3K9 methylation.
CLRC ubiquitin ligase complex localisation to heterochromatin
CLRC ubiquitin ligase complex localization to heterochromatin
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information, occurring within a host cell.
The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites, occurring in a host cell.
obsolete integral to membrane of host cell
OBSOLETE. Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane. Occurring in a host cell.
obsolete integral to host endoplasmic reticulum membrane
OBSOLETE. Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. Occurring in a host cell.
negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation
The stopping, prevention, or reduction in frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity as a result of regulating the phosphorylation status of that protein kinase.
Binding to a small protein activating enzyme, such as ubiquitin-activating enzyme.
Binding to a ubiquitin-like protein ligase, such as ubiquitin-ligase.
small conjugating protein ligase binding
ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme binding
Binding to a ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme such as ubiquitin conjugating enzyme.
small protein conjugating enzyme binding
Either of the two subunits of a ribosome: the ribosomal large subunit or the ribosomal small subunit.
The addition of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO) to peptidyl-lysine to form N6-malonyl-L-lysine.
A dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell.
The modification of a protein amino acid by the addition of a malonyl (CO-CH2-CO) group.
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuolar membrane; usually uses signals contained within the protein.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells, at sites of endocytosis.
obsolete actin cortical patch internalization
OBSOLETE. A process of actin cortical patch localization in which the patch moves from the cell surface to the inside of the cell.
envenomation resulting in induction of edema in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the swelling of soft tissues of the bitten organism as a result of excess water accumulation.
envenomation resulting in induction of edema in other organism
envenomation resulting in induction of oedema in other organism
A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of different species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
multi-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
multi-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
multi-species submerged biofilm formation
obsolete competition with other organism
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism within a multispecies community gains an advantage in growth or survival over another organism of a different species in that community.
biological process involved in symbiotic interaction
A process carried out by gene products in an organism that enable the organism to engage in a symbiotic relationship, a more or less intimate association, with another organism. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs. Microscopic symbionts are often referred to as endosymbionts.
symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism
symbiotic interaction between host and organism
The set of specific processes that allow an organism to detect the presence of its host via physical or chemical signals. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The attachment of a symbiont to its host via either adhesion molecules, general stickiness, or other mechanisms. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
adhesion to other organism during symbiotic interaction
adhesion to other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow in or on a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the microorganisms' growth rate and gene transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete growth or development of symbiont on or near host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont regulates the increase in its size or mass, or its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism.
Entry of a symbiont into the body, tissues, or cells of a host organism as part of the symbiont life cycle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
entry into cell of other organism during symbiotic interaction
entry into cell of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
entry into host cell via penetration peg
entry into host via a specialized structure during symbiotic interaction
entry into host via enzymatic degradation of host anatomical structure
entry into host via enzymatic degradation of host cuticle
entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
entry into other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
penetration into host via a specialized structure
penetration into host via a specialized structure during symbiotic interaction
obsolete entry into host through natural portals
OBSOLETE. Penetration by a symbiont into a host organism via naturally occurring openings in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete growth or development of symbiont in host
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of an organism, or the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down host tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
suppression of host defenses by symbiont
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host defense(s) by active mechanisms that normally result in the shutting down of a host pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
down regulation by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
down-regulation by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
downregulation by symbiont of host defense response
down regulation by symbiont of host defense response
down-regulation by symbiont of host defense response
inhibition by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
inhibition by symbiont of host defense response
negative regulation by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by organism of defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by symbiont of host defense response
suppression of defense response of other organism
suppression of defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
suppression of defenses of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
induction by symbiont of host defense response
The activation by an organism of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by symbiont of host defense response
induction by organism of defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by organism of defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by symbiont of host defense response
stimulation by symbiont of host defense response
upregulation by symbiont of host defense response
up regulation by symbiont of host defense response
up-regulation by symbiont of host defense response
The directed movement of a molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
translocation of molecules into other organism during symbiotic interaction
translocation of molecules into other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
transport of molecules into other organism during symbiotic interaction
The directed movement of DNA from an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
translocation of DNA into other organism during symbiotic interaction
translocation of DNA into other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
transport of DNA into other organism during symbiotic interaction
biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms
Any process evolved to enable an interaction with an organism of a different species.
interspecies interaction between organisms
interspecies interaction with other organisms
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the extracellular matrix, the structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as often seen in plants).
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the extracellular region, the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers constituent parts of the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane.
Any constituent part of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a chromosome, a structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the Golgi apparatus, a compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a chloroplast, a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a plastid, a member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a thylakoid, a sac-like vesicle that bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic organisms.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a vacuole, a closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a microbody, a cytoplasmic organelle, spherical or oval in shape, that is bounded by a single membrane and contains oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules; contains some enzymes that produce and others that degrade hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a pilus, a proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria ranging from 2-8 nm in diameter.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of cytosol, that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
OBSOLETE. A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cell cortex, the region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a contractile fiber, a fiber composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
obsolete microtubule organizing center part
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a microtubule organizing center, a region in a eukaryotic cell, such as a centrosome or basal body, from which microtubules grow.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the nucleoplasm, that part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the nuclear membrane, the envelope that surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a nuclear chromosome, a chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a cell septum, a structure composed of peptidoglycan and often chitin in addition to other materials. It usually forms perpendicular to the long axis of a cell or hypha and grows centripetally from the cell wall to the center of the cell and often functions in the compartmentalization of a cell into two daughter cells.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a motile cilium.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a flagellum, a long whiplike or feathery structure borne either singly or in groups by the motile cells of many bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes and by the motile male gametes of many eukaryotic organisms, which propel the cell through a liquid medium.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the bacterial-type flagellum, a 20 nm diameter filament composed of subunits of flagellin driven passively at its base by a motor powered by a transmembrane ion potential, typically a proton or sodium potential.
obsolete external encapsulating structure part
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of an external encapsulating structure, a structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell. This does not include the periplasmic space but does include the outer membrane (of gram negative bacteria) or cell wall (of yeast or Gram positive bacteria).
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
modulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism
A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal, in a different organism.
modulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism
regulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism
Catalysis of the reaction: glutaryl-CoA + H2O = CoA + glutarate.
glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production
The regulated release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor from a cell. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a small protein that potently promotes the survival of many types of neurons, notably dopaminergic and motor neurons.
glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor secretion
glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor production
envenomation resulting in modulation of blood coagulation in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of blood coagulation in other organism
envenomation resulting in regulation of blood coagulation in other organism
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood coagulation in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood coagulation in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood coagulation in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood coagulation in other organism
envenomation resulting in pore formation in membrane of another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex in a membrane of the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in pore formation in membrane of other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of calcium channel activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of calcium channel activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of calcium channel activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of calcium channel activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of platelet aggregation in other organism
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of platelet aggregation in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism
obsolete envenomation resulting in proteolysis in another organism
OBSOLETE. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant hydrolysis of proteins in of the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in blood vessel extracellular matrix damage, causing hemorrhagic damage in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism which causes damage to the extracellular matrix of the blood vessels of the bitten organism, ultimately resulting in hemorrhage in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in blood vessel ECM, causing hemorrhagic damage in other organism
envenomation resulting in blood vessel extracellular matrix damage, causing hemorrhagic damage in other organism
envenomation resulting in impairment of hemostasis in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the process of hemostasis - the stopping of bleeding or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part - in the bitten organism.
envenomation, impairing hemostasis in other organism
envenomation resulting in impairment of hemostasis in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of hemostasis in other organism
envenomation resulting in fibrinolysis in another organism
The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinolysis, a process that solubilizes fibrin, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin, in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in fibrinolysis in other organism
envenomation resulting in fibrinogenolysis in another organism
The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinogenolysis, a process that degrades fibrinogen at a variety of Arg-Lys bonds, thus impairing fibrinogen clotting in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in fibrinogenolysis in other organism
modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in another organism
The process in which an organism effects a change in the transmission of a nerve impulse in another organism.
modulation of conduction of nerve impulse in other organism
modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in other organism
regulation of transmission of nerve impulse in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the transmission of nerve impulses in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of conduction of nerve impulse in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in other organism
modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.
modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism
negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.
negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism
positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.
positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism
positive regulation of molecular function in another organism
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.
positive regulation of molecular function in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation or increase in the activity of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism
modulation of blood pressure in another organism
A process by which one organism modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.
modulation of blood pressure in other organism
regulation of blood pressure in other organism
negative regulation of blood pressure in another organism
A process by which one organism decreases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.
negative regulation of blood pressure in other organism
positive regulation of blood pressure in another organism
A process by which one organism increases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.
positive regulation of blood pressure in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of blood pressure in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of blood pressure in other organism
envenomation resulting in regulation of blood pressure in other organism
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood pressure in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant increase of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood pressure in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood pressure in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant decrease of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood pressure in other organism
modulation of signal transduction in another organism
The process in which an organism effects a change in a signal transduction process - a cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell - in a second organism.
modulation of signal transduction in other organism
modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism
The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.
modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in other organism
modulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in other organism
modulation of receptor activity in another organism
The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a receptor in a second organism.
modulation of receptor activity in other organism
positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.
positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in other organism
positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in other organism
modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism
The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.
modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in other organism
regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor activity in other organism
positive regulation of receptor activity in another organism
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a receptor in a second organism.
positive regulation of receptor activity in other organism
glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activity
Combining with glucagon-like peptide 1 and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.
envenomation resulting in modulation of signal transduction in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of signal transduction in other organismm
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of signal transduction in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of signal transduction in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of receptor activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of receptor activity in of the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of receptor activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in other organism
positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.
positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in other organism
modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism
The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.
modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in other organism
modulation of VIP receptor activity in other organism
regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in other organism
positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.
positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in other organism
positive regulation of VIP receptor activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of VIP receptor activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in regulation of VIP receptor activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of VIP receptor activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in muscle damage in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant muscle damage in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in muscle damage in other organism
envenomation resulting in myocyte killing in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, killing heart myocytes and ultimately resulting in muscle damage in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in myocyte killing causing muscle damage in other organism
envenomation resulting in myocyte killing in other organism
envenomation resulting in damage of muscle extracellular matrix in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, damaging the extracellular matrix of muscle cells and ultimately resulting in muscle necrosis in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in damage of muscle extracellular matrix causing muscle necrosis in other organism
envenomation resulting in damage of muscle extracellular matrix in other organism
The modification of a protein amino acid by the addition of sulfur.
The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the addition of sulfur, to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.
formation of peptidyl-cystine persulfide by sulphur transfer from free cysteine
The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the transfer of a sulfur atom from a free cysteine (in the process converting the free cysteine to alanine) to the peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.
formation of peptidyl-cystine persulfide by sulphur transfer from H2S
The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the direct addition of H2S, followed by the removal of 2 protons to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.
regulation of mitochondrial mRNA stability
Any process that modulates the propensity of mitochondrial mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mitochondrial mRNAs.
regulation of mitochondrial rRNA stability
Any process that modulates the propensity of mitochondrial rRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mitochondrial rRNAs.
Multicomponent complex of RNA and proteins that is composed of four active spliceosomes, termed native spliceosomes, connected to each other by the pre-mRNA. The supraspliceosome is the nuclear machine where the pre-mRNA processing takes place, like the 5'-end capping, 3'-end cleavage, splicing and editing.
modulation of apoptotic process in another organism
A process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in a second organism.
modulation of apoptotic process in other organism
regulation of apoptotic process in other organism
positive regulation of apoptotic process in another organism
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death by apoptosis in a second organism.
positive regulation of apoptotic process in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of apoptotic process in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of apoptosis in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of apoptotic process in other organism
very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA (C22 - C24) + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.
very-long-chain acyl-CoA oxidase activity
very long chain fatty-acyl-CoA oxidase activity
envenomation resulting in depletion of circulating fibrinogen in another organism
The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a reduction in the quantity of fibrinogen found in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in depletion of circulating fibrinogen in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of circulating fibrinogen in other organism
regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels
Any process that modulates the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.
The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures of a host cell.
The directed movement of a long-chain fatty acid from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.
L-cystine L-cysteine-lyase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-cystine + H2O = pyruvate + NH3 + thiocysteine. Thiocysteine is also known as cysteine persulfide.
The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form in another organism.
plasminogen activation in another organism
The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the processing of inactive plasminogen to active plasmin in another organism.
plasminogen activation in other organism
obsolete envenomation resulting in zymogen activation in another organism
OBSOLETE. The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form.
envenomation resulting in plasminogen activation in another organism
The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the activation of plasminogen into plasmin in the bitten organism. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide.
envenomation resulting in plasminogen activation in other organism
A histone acetyltransferase complex that catalyzes the acetylation of a histone H4 lysine residues at several positions. In human, it contains the catalytic subunit MOF, NSL1/KIAA1267, NSL2/KANSL2, NSL3/KANSL3, MCRS1, PHF20, OGT1, WDR5 and HCF1.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
Binding to a S100 protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
secondary metabolite biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.
envenomation resulting in vasodilation in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of vasodilation in other organism
envenomation resulting in regulation of vasodilation in other organism
envenomation resulting in vasodilation in other organism
A process by which an organism causes vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in another organism.
modulation of vasodilation in other organism
regulation of vasodilation in other organism
modulation of biological quality in another organism
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological quality in another organism. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.
modulation of biological quality in other organism
regulation of biological quality in other organism
modulation of heart rate in another organism
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction of another organism.
modulation of heart rate in other organism
regulation of heart rate in other organism
negative regulation of heart rate in another organism
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency of heart contraction of another organism.
negative regulation of heart rate in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of heart rate in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of the heart rate of the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of heart rate of other organism
A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.
A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced in the uterus.
envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of ion channel activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an ion channel in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of ion channel activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in regulation of ion channel activity in other organism
modulation of ion channel activity in another organism
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an ion channel in another organism.
modulation of ion channel activity in other organism
regulation of ion channel activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in slowing of activation kinetics of voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant slowing of the activation kinetics of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in slowing of activation kinetics of voltage-gated potassium channel in other organism
voltage-dependence of activation shift (to the left)
envenomation resulting in occlusion of the pore of voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant blocking of a voltage-gated potassium channel, inhibiting the pore's activity, in the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in occlusion of the pore of voltage-gated potassium channel in other organism
The expansion of a dendritic cell population by cell division. A dendritic cell is a cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.
A change in the morphology or behavior of a chondrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
primary cell wall cellulose synthase complex
A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant primary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA1 and -3, and a CESA6-related protein.
primary cell-wall cellulose synthase complex
secondary cell wall cellulose synthase complex
A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant secondary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA8, CESA7, and CESA4.
secondary cell-wall cellulose synthase complex
A microbial enzyme complex which contains nickel and iron in its active site. In Acetomicrobium flavidum it is an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer.
A bacterial cell envelope-associated multiprotein system, which binds and degrades starch.
The incorporation of two iron atoms and two sulfur atoms into an iron-sulfur cluster.
The incorporation of four iron atoms and four sulfur atoms into an iron-sulfur cluster.
The biochemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a P-cluster of a nitrogenase, a high-nuclearity, Fe/S-only cluster that can be viewed as two [4Fe-4S] sub-clusters sharing a gamma-6-sulfide.
starch utilization system complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the starch utilization system complex, a complex of cell envelope-associated proteins that degrades glycan.
assembly of starch utilization system complex
The assembly of a cellulosome, a macromolecular multi-enzyme complex in bacteria that facilitates the breakdown of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectin in the plant cell wall.
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbons, where one of the resulting products is ethanol.
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose, an aldopentose, where one of the resulting products is ethanol.
The chemical reactions and pathway resulting in the formation of butyryl-CoA.
butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA
The chemical reactions and pathway resulting in the formation of butyryl-CoA, starting from acetyl-CoA.
butyryl-CoA biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA
The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA.
butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate
The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA to form butyrate.
butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol
The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA to form butanol.
Binding to a cellodextrin, a glucose polymer of 2 or more glucose monomers.
Binding to cellobiose, a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.
Binding to a cellotetraose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.
Binding to a cellopentaose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.
Binding to laminaribiose, a disaccharide.
Binding to iron molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.
A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of amylopectin stimulus.
A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of pullulan stimulus.
iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.
iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD+ = a 17-oxosteroid + NADH + H+.
decaprenyldihydroxybenzoate methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-decaprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-decaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate.
3-demethylubiquinol-10 3-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinol-10 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinol-10.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving daunorubicin, a chemotherapeutic of the anthracycline family that is given as a treatment for some types of cancer.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, used in cancer chemotherapy.
An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that in humans consists of beta5, zeta, mu5 and sigma5 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the endosomes; it is not clear whether AP-5 forms clathrin coats in vivo.
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + protein = diphosphate + guanylyl-protein; mediates the addition of an guanylyl (guanosine 5'-monophosphate; GMP group) to specific residues of target proteins.
The removal of a nucleotide from a protein amino acid.
The removal of an adenylyl group (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP) from a protein amino acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: adenylyl-protein+ H2O = adenylate + protein; mediates the removal of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) from specific residues of target proteins.
ABC-type phytochelatin transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of a phytochelatin from one side of a membrane to the other. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
ABC-type phytochelatin transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled phytochelatin transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent phytochelatin transmembrane transporter activity
cadystin transmembrane transporter activity
cadystin transmembrane transporter ATPase activity
phytochelatin transmembrane transporter activity
phytochelatin transmembrane transporter ATPase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + protein-serine = CMP + protein-serine-choline phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: protein-serine-choline phosphate + H2O = protein-serine + choline phosphate.
obsolete disruption by symbiont of host endothelial cells
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the host's endothelial cells.
obsolete peptidyl-L-threonine methyl ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-threonine
OBSOLETE. The modification of a C-terminal peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-L-threonine methyl ester.
A protein complex that associates with mRNP particles and RNA polymerase II and is proposed to integrate transcript elongation with the regulation of alternative splicing. In humans it is composed of the proteins KIAA1967/DBC1 and ZNF326/ZIRD.
Enables the directed movement of flavine mononucleotide (FMN) from one side of a membrane to the other.
flavine mononucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that forms the inner rings of the core scaffold, a lattice-like structure that gives the NPC its shape and strength. In S. cerevisiae, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup192p, Nup188p, Nup170p and Nup157p. In vertebrates, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup205, Nup188 and Nup155. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometimes referred to as the Nup170 complex.
A substructure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that serves to connect members of the central transport channel (composed of FG-nucleoporins) to the core scaffold (composed of the inner and outer NPC rings). In S. cerevisiae, the linkers are Nic96p and Nup82p. In vertebrates, they are Nup93 and Nup88. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. Both linkers can be isolated in association with specific FG-nucleoporins, complexes that are sometimes referred to as the Nic96 complex (Nic96p-Nsp1p-Nup49p-Nup57p) and the Nup82 complex (Nup82p-Nup116p-Nup159p-Gle2p).
The central substructure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), through which nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNAs, proteins and small molecules occurs. The central transport channel is filled with FG-nucleoporins, which form a selective barrier and provide a series of binding sites for transporter proteins. Characterized S. cerevisiae FG-nucleoporins include Nup159p, Nup145Np, Nup116p, Nup100p, Nsp1p, Nup57p, Nup49p, Nup42p, Nup53p, Nup59p/Asm4p, Nup60p and Nup1. Characterized vertebrate FG-nucleoporins include Nup214, Nup98, Nup62, Nup54, Nup58/45, NLP1, and Nup153.
Filamentous extensions on cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Nup159p, Nup82p, and Nup42p contribute to the cytoplasmic filaments. In vertebrates, Nup358 is a major component.
cytoplasmic fibers of the nuclear pore complex
A filamentous, cage-like assembly on the nuclear face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Mlp1p and Mlp2p are two major components of the NPC nuclear basket. In vertebrates, Tpr is a major component.
modulation of relaxation of muscle in another organism
The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of muscle in a second organism.
modulation of relaxation of muscle in other organism
regulation of relaxation of muscle in other organism
modulation of relaxation of smooth muscle in another organism
The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in a second organism.
modulation of relaxation of smooth muscle in other organism
regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle in other organism
modulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in another organism
The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism.
modulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in other organism
regulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in other organism
positive regulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in another organism
The process in which an organism increases the extent of relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism.
positive regulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in other organism
ACP phosphopantetheine attachment site binding
Binding to the attachment site of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of an acyl carrier protein (ACP).
modulation of cell migration in another organism
The process in which an organism effects a change in the process of cell migration in a second organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of cell migration in another organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of cell migration in other organism
envenomation resulting in regulation of cell migration in other organism
modulation of cell migration in other organism
regulation of cell migration in other organism
negative regulation of cell migration in another organism
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration in a second organism.
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of cell migration in another organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of cell migration in other organism
negative regulation of cell migration in other organism
positive regulation of cell migration in another organism
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration in a second organism.
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of cell migration in another organism
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of cell migration in other organism
positive regulation of cell migration in other organism
modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism
A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation, in a different organism.
modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism
regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism
positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway, in a different organism.
positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism
negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway, in a different organism.
negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism
modulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism
A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the lectin pathway of complement activation, in a different organism.
modulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism
regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism
positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the lectin pathway, in a different organism.
positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism
negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of complement activation by the lectin pathway, in a different organism.
negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism
modulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism
A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation, via the alternative pathway, in a different organism.
modulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism
regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism
negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway, in a different organism.
negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism
positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway, in a different organism.
positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism
envenomation resulting in regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism
envenomation resulting in regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism
modulation of complement activation in another organism
A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation in a different organism.
modulation of complement activation in other organism
regulation of complement activation in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation in the bitten/stung organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation in other organism
envenomation resulting in regulation of complement activation in other organism
An occluding cell-cell junction formed between the membranes of the apical end of an invading cell (e.g. a merozoite in Plasmodium) and a host target cell (e.g. erythrocyte for Plasmodium infection). The junction is a stable yet dynamic structure that moves around the symbiont cell during invasion, enclosing it in a vacuole surrounded by a membrane.
The modification of histone H3 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 4 of the histone.
The attachment of a symbiont to a host cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.
adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell
The attachment of a symbiont to a host epithelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.
adhesion of symbiont to host endothelial cell
The attachment of a symbiont to a host endothelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.
Catalysis of the reaction: dextrin + H2O = alpha-D-glucose.
Catalysis of the reaction: starch + H2O = alpha-D-glucose.
Any process that increases the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, as part of the process of phagosome maturation.
regulation of post-lysosomal vacuole size
Any process that modulates the volume of a post-lysosomal vacuole, a membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis.
regulation of postlysosomal vacuole size
obsolete pore formation in membrane of other organism during symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components by an organism to form a pore complex in a membrane of another organism, occurring as part of a symbiotic interaction.
pore formation in membrane of host by symbiont
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components by an organism to form a pore complex in a membrane of a host organism.
viral release from host cell by cytolysis
The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell by the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.
viral release via pore formation in host cell membrane
The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell via the formation by the virus of pores in its host cell membrane.
cytolysis by virus via pore formation in host cell membrane
viral exit by cytolysis via pore formation in host cell membrane
viral release by cytolysis via pore formation in host cell membrane
establishment or maintenance of cell type involved in phenotypic switching
A cellular process of the specification, formation or maintenance of an alternative cell type, occurring as part of the process of phenotypic switching. Phenotypic switching begins with changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns and ends when the morphology of a population of cells has reverted back to the default state, accompanied by altered expression patterns.
obsolete reversion of cell type to default state involved in phenotypic switching
OBSOLETE. The cellular process of the reversion of cells to their original cell type, occurring as part of the process of phenotypic switching. Phenotypic switching begins with changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns and ends when the morphology of a population of cells has reverted back to the default state, accompanied by altered expression patterns.
A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL1 or MLL2 in human, or equivalent in other species.
A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL3 or MLL4 in mammals, or equivalent in other species.
(R)-carnitine:4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (R)-carnitine(out) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(in) = (R)-carnitine(in) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(out).
(R)-carnitine:gamma-butyrobetaine antiporter activity
L-carnitine:4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate antiporter activity
L-carnitine:gamma-butyrobetaine antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ malonate(out) = sodium(in) + malonate(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ galactoside(out) = sodium(in) + galactoside(in).
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sorocarp spore cell, a cell of the sorocarp sorus. A sorocarp is the fruiting body characteristic of certain cellular slime moulds (e.g., Dictyosteliida) and consists of both stalk and a sorus (spore mass).
acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase-carbon monoxide dehydrogenase complex
A multifunctional enzyme complex composed of five different polypeptides that catalyzes the decarbonylation of acetyl-CoA, cleaves the C-C and C-S bonds in the acetyl moiety of acetyl-CoA, oxidizes the carbonyl group to CO2 and transfers the methyl group to tetrahydrosarcinapterin. These reactions are important for methanogenesis.
carbon-monoxide:(acceptor) oxidoreductase complex
CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase complex
7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin synthase complex
A heterodimer which catalyses the reaction of 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to form 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (FO), an intermediate of coenzyme F420.
A hexameric complex consisting of three polypeptides in an alpha2beta2gamma2 arrangement. Involved in the reduction of the coenzyme M-bound methyl group to methane, which is the final step in methanogenesis.
formyl-methanofuran dehydrogenase (tungsten enzyme) complex
A protein complex consisting of four polypeptides which also contains tungsten, a molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide, and iron-sulfur clusters. This protein complex catalyzes the reversible conversion of CO2 and methanofuran to formylmethanofuran during methanogenesis.
formyl-methanofuran dehydrogenase (molybdenum enzyme) complex
A protein complex consisting of three polypeptides which also contains molybdenum, a molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur clusters. This protein complex catalyzes the reversible conversion of CO2 and methanofuran to formylmethanofuran during methanogenesis.
methyl-tetrahydromethanopterin:coenzyme M methyltransferase complex
A protein complex consisted of eight polypeptides. This complex catalyzes the formation of methyl-coenzyme M and H4MPT from N5-methyl-H4MPT and CoM during methanogenesis.
5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin:2-mercaptoethane sulfonate 2-methyltransferase complex
N5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin-coenzyme M methyltransferase complex
CoB-CoM heterodisulfide reductase complex
A protein complex that in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum is composed of six subunits, and in Methanosarcina barkeri contains is composed of either two subunits or nine subunits. Catalyzes the conversion of coenzyme B, coenzyme M, and methanophenazine to form N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine and dihydromethanophenazine.
coenzyme M-7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine-phosphate-heterodisulfide hydrogenase complex
hydrogen:coenzyme-M-7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine-phosphate-heterodisulfide oxidoreductase complex
methanophenazine reducing hydrogenase complex
A protein complex which catalyzes the conversion of methanophenazine and hydrogen to form dihydromethanophenazine. This typically consists of three polypeptides.
methylthiol:coenzyme M methyltransferase complex
A protein complex of two polypeptides which catalyzes the transfer of methyl group from methylthiol to coenzyme M during methanogenesis.
methylthiol:coenzyme M methyl transferase complex
methylthiol:CoM methyltransferase complex
methylthiol coenzyme M methyl transferase complex
A complex of two polypeptides which form a dodecamer (A6B6). Catalyzes the decarboxylation of sulfopyruvic acid to sulfoacetaldehyde. This reaction is involved in coenzyme M biosynthesis.
archaeal-specific GTP cyclohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + diphosphate +formate + H+. This activity is part of the biosynthesis of methanopterin in Archaea, and requires Fe2+.
Fe(2+)-dependent archaeal-specific GTP cyclohydrolase activity
methylthiol:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the overall reaction: methyl-Co(III) methylated-thiol-specific corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = Co(I) methylated--thiol-specific corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM.
methylthiol:coenzyme M methyl transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromethanopterin + NADPH = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + NADP.
tetrahydromethanopterin-dependent serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydromethanopterin + L-serine = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + glycine + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phosphoserine + SO32- = L-cysteate + HPO4-.
geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = (2E,6E,10E,14E)-geranylfarnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate.
7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate + H+.
7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O = 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + oxalate + ammonia + 4 H+.
The tooth development process in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible.
Binds to and increases the activity of an exoribonuclease.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: trehalose(out) + H+(out) = trehalose(in) + H+(in).
pore-mediated entry of viral genome into host cell
Injection by a non-enveloped virus of the viral genome into the host cytoplasm through creation of a pore or channel in the host cell membrane(s). Usually mediated by a viral pore-forming peptide associated with the viral capsid or bacteriophage tail.
membrane puncture-mediated penetration of viral genome into host cell
pore-mediated penetration of viral genome into host cell
viral genome delivery via icosahedral vertex
An E3 ubiquitin ligase complex localized to the ER and Golgi membrane. In fission yeast comprises Dsc1, 2, 3 and 4. Involved in the processes of fission yeast sre1 (human SREBP) transcriptional activator proteolytic cleavage, the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway, and a post-endoplasmic reticulum pathway for protein catabolism.
killing by virus of host cell by post-segregational killing
The process by which a virus causes the death of daughter cells which do not contain its genes after host cell division, by a mechanism of post-segregational killing (PSK). The extrachromosomal viral DNA consist of two genes; the product of the second is long lived and toxic, while the product of the first is short lived and antagonizes the lethal action of the toxin. Daughter cells that do not contain the viral extrachromosomal element are killed by the long lived toxin, while daughter cells that do contain the viral extrachromosomal element are protected by the action of the short lived antitoxin it encodes.
killing by virus of host cell by toxin-antitoxin system
A multisubunit complex involved in cytokinesis. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex consists of Sho1p, Hof1p, Inn1p and Cyk3p proteins.
obsolete morphogenesis of symbiont in host cell
OBSOLETE. The process in which a symbiont undergoes a change in shape or form, within the host's cell.
obsolete response to stimulus by single organism
OBSOLETE. A response to a stimulus that involves only one organism.
A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism.
A multicellular organism process which involves another multicellular organism of the same or different species.
Catalysis of the reaction 8-oxo-dGDP + H2O = 8-oxo-dGMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction 8-oxo-GDP + H2O = 8-oxo-GMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 8-hydroxy-dADP + H2O = 8-hydroxy-dAMP + phosphate.
The directed movement of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances, from one side of a membrane to the other, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size
Any process that modulates the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.
negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size
Any process that reduces the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.
protein import into peroxisome matrix, substrate release
The process by which the cargo protein is released into the peroxisomal matrix, following translocation across the membrane.
The elimination of phosphate ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.
The global reprogramming of epigenetic modifications in the zygote following fertilization. The paternal genome undergoes active DNA demethylation before the first cell division, while the adjacent maternal genome is protected from this process.
maintenance of DNA methylation at imprinted genes
The protection of the maternal genome from DNA demethylation in the zygote following fertilization.
protection of DNA demethylation of female pronucleus
The active DNA demethylation of the paternal genome that takes place before the first cell division.
obsolete DNA methylation or demethylation
OBSOLETE. The process of adding or removing a methyl group from one or more nucleotides within an DNA molecule.
Binding to double-stranded hemi-methylated DNA at replication foci (one strand methylated, while the other strand is unmethylated). Methylation of cytosine or adenine in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks.
double-stranded hemi-methylated DNA binding
Binding to a bone sialoprotein, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein found on the surface of bones and dentin.
A heterodimeric protein complex composed of Ost-alpha/SLC51A and Ost-beta/SLC51B subunits and involved in bile acid transport activity.
The microtubule organizing center that forms as part of the mitotic cell cycle; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.
envenomation resulting in modulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of ASIC channel activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant positive regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of ASIC channel activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of ASIC channel activity in other organism
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a neuronal, voltage-insensitive channel that opens when an extracellular proton has been bound by the channel complex.
modulation of acid-sensing ion channel in another organism
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in another organism.
modulation of acid-sensing ion channel in other organism
regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in other organism
regulation of ASIC channel in other organism
negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in another organism
Any process in which an organism negatively regulates the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.
negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in other organism
negative regulation of ASIC channel in other organism
positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in another organism
Any process in which an organism positively regulates the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.
positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in other organism
positive regulation of ASIC channel in other organism
negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism
A process that negatively regulates the sensory perception of pain in a different organism.
inhibition of sensory perception of pain in another organism
negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in inhibition of sensory perception of pain in other organism
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism
envenomation resulting in modulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism.
envenomation resulting in modulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism
envenomation resulting in regulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism
protein transmembrane import into intracellular organelle
The directed movement of proteins into an intracellular organelle, across a membrane.
Any process involved in forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA that differ at their 3'-ends.
3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity involved in mature miRNA 3'-end processing
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule that contributes to forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA.
exonucleolytic trimming to generate 3' end of miRNA
high-affinity nickel cation transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the high-affinity transfer of nickel (Ni) cations from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
cellular response to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus.
cellular response to human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulus
response to human chorionic gonadotropin
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus.
response to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus
Intermediate organelles formed during macroautophagy through the fusion between autophagosomes and endosomes.
A type of secondary lysosome in which a primary lysosome has fused with the outer membrane of an autophagosome. It is involved in the second step of autophagy in which it degrades contents with acidic lysosomal hydrolases.
modulation by symbiont of host synaptic transmission
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse, in its host organism.
regulation by symbiont of host synaptic transmission
negative regulation by symbiont of host synaptic transmission
Any process in which a symbiont organism decreases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse, in its host organism.
modulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism.
regulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission
negative regulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission
Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism.
negative regulation by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion
Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.
obsolete multi-organism cellular process
OBSOLETE. Any process that is carried out at the cellular level which involves another organism of the same or different species.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, involving more than one organism.
ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions, rotational mechanism
Enables the transfer of ions from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ion(in) = ADP + phosphate + ion(out), by a rotational mechanism.
The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next cell cycle phase.
The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next meiotic cell cycle phase.
The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next mitotic cell cycle phase.
A signal transduction process involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.
intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
intracellular signaling pathway involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint signaling
A signaling process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA during mitosis. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction.
intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint
intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint
intracellular signaling cascade involved in topo II checkpoint
intracellular signaling chain involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint
intracellular signaling chain involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint
intracellular signaling pathway involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint
intracellular signaling pathway involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint
intracellular signaling pathway involved in topo II checkpoint
intracellular signaling pathway involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint
intracellular signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint
intracellular signal transduction involved in topo II checkpoint
intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint
intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint
intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in topo II checkpoint
intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint
mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint
signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint
signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in topo II checkpoint
DNA polymerase III, beta sliding clamp processivity factor complex
A subcomplex of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme which is responsible for tethering the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase to DNA during high-speed replication. The complex is homodimeric in prokaryotes, and homotrimeric in other species.
The DNA polymerase III core complex consists of the alpha,epsilon and theta subunits and is carries out the polymerase and the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activities.
single-stranded DNA-binding protein complex
A homotetrameric protein complex that is essential for DNA replication. It supercoils the single-stranded DNA preventing DNA duplexing before the polymerase holoenzyme passes and synthesizes the complementary strand. It is also involved in DNA recombination and repair.
meiotic DNA integrity checkpoint signaling
A signal transduction process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA during meiosis. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and that the chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
intracellular signaling cascade involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint
intracellular signaling pathway involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint
intracellular signal transduction involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint
intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint
The assembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
microtubule-based flagellum organization
metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle
The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of the cell cycle.
metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle
The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of meiosis.
The DNA-dependent DNA replication that takes place as part of the cell cycle.
The DNA-dependent DNA replication, exemplified by prokaryotes, that occurs as part of the cell cycle. Prokaryotic DNA replication is bi-directional and originates at a single origin of replication on the circular genome.
bacterial-type cell cycle DNA replication
A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.
obsolete modulation by host of viral release from host cell
OBSOLETE. A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a virus with which it is infected, from its cells.
A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a virus with which it is infected, from its cells.
downregulation of release of virus from host
down regulation of release of virus from host
down-regulation of release of virus from host
downregulation of viral release from host cell
down regulation of viral release from host cell
down-regulation of viral release from host cell
inhibition of release of virus from host
inhibition of viral release from host cell
negative regulation by host of viral release from host cell
negative regulation of release of virus from host
negative regulation of viral release from host cell
obsolete positive regulation by host of viral release from host cell
OBSOLETE. A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a virus with which it is infected, from its cells.
negative regulation by host of viral process
A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.
positive regulation by host of viral process
A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.
trans-Golgi network to recycling endosome transport
The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the trans-Golgi network to the recycling endosomes.
DNA polymerase processivity factor complex
A protein complex which is capable of increasing the processivity of nucleotide polymerization by DNA polymerase as a part of DNA replication.
A heterotrimeric protein complex with iron-sulfur and molybdenum cofactors that functions as a terminal reductase in electron transport pathways that operate during anaerobic nitrate respiration. In E. coli electrons are passed from the FdnGHI complex to the NarGHI complex via menoquinone and menaquinol. Within NarGHI, electrons are passed from the two heme molecules in the NarI subunit down a Fe-S cluster chain in the NarH and NarG subunits to the Molybdenum cofactor, Mo-bisMGD, in the NarG subunit.
cytoplasmic membrane-bound quinol-nitrate oxidoreductase
OBSOLETE. The membrane organization process that joins two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane, involving more than one organism.
obsolete multi-organism membrane organization
OBSOLETE. A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane, involving more than one organism.
A form of autophagy, by which damaged or non-essential parts of the nucleus, or even an entire nucleus is degraded.
A type of nucleophagy, distinct from piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus (PNM) where the nuclear material is delivered to the vacuole/lysosome for breakdown and recycling later than observed for PNM.
The process by which G-quadruplex (also known as G4) DNA, which is a four-stranded DNA structure held together by guanine base pairing, is unwound or 'melted'.
macrophage migration inhibitory factor production
The appearance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of oncostatin M due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
thymus and activation regulated chemokine production
The fermentation of organic substances with a net release of hydrogen.
glycolytic fermentation via PFOR pathway
The glycolytic fermentation beginning with the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway, continuing with pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) activity. This pathway is found in strict anaerobes such as Clostridia species.
The glycolytic fermentation beginning with the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway, followed by pyruvate:formate lyase (PFL) activity. This pathway is found in facultative anaerobes such as E. coli.
OBSOLETE. A protein complex that plays a role in the process of DNA packaging.
A dimer of Nsk1 (nucleolus spindle kinetochore 1) and the dynein light chain, Dlc1. The dimers form an oligomeric chain structure. Functions in the regulation of kinetochore-microtubule interactions and chromosome segregation.
The production of hydrogen which results from the dissociation by light of water into molecular hydrogen and oxygen. This process is observed in cyanobacteria and microalgae.
A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G2 to M phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic G1/S transition checkpoint signaling
A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G1 to S phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery
The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery, as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
meiotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery
The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery, as part of a meiotic cell cycle.
Catalysis of the covalent insertion of double-stranded retroviral DNA into host DNA. Proceeds by an endonucleolytic cleavage at each 3'-OH extremity of the viral genome, named 3'-processing, followed by a strand transfer reaction leading to the insertion of the processed viral DNA into the target DNA by a trans-esterification mechanism.
The catalysis of the removal of two di- or tri-nucleotides from each 3' end of double-stranded viral DNA, exposing recessed 3' hydroxyls.
obsolete retroviral strand transfer activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the covalent insertion of processed 3'-viral DNA ends into host chromosomal DNA by a trans-esterification reaction.
The insertion into a host genome of viral DNA, usually by the action of an integrase enzyme. Once integrated, the provirus persists in the host cell and serves as a template for the transcription of viral genes and replication of the viral genome, leading to the production of new viruses.
modulation by host of viral genome replication
A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
regulation by host of viral genome reproduction
negative regulation by host of viral genome replication
A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
positive regulation by host of viral genome replication
A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
modulation by host of viral RNA genome replication
A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral RNA genome replication.
regulation by host of viral RNA genome replication
modulation by virus of host cytokine production
Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production in its host organism.
induction by virus of host cytokine production
The process in which a virus increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production in its host organism.
positive regulation by virus of host cytokine production
modulation by virus of host protein transport
Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein transport in its host organism.
A tetramer of retroviral integrase subunits tightly associated with a pair of viral DNA ends. Functions to insert viral DNA into a host cell chromosome.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of H2 (dihydrogen) which involve a nitrogenase activity as one of the steps. This process is observed in cyanobacteria.
The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of D-xylose to ethanol, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
actomyosin contractile ring organization
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actomyosin contractile ring.
cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring organization
A specialized resting state that cells enter in response to cues from the cell's environment. Quiescence is characterized by the absence of cell growth and division, by a reprogramming of global gene expression, and by changes characteristic of the organism and specific cell type. Depending on external conditions, quiescence may persist until cell death or cells may resume cell growth and division. In some cell types or under certain conditions, cellular metabolism may proceed.
The cell cycle process by which a cell in G2 phase commits to M phase.
A lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans. Gut granules are acidified, birefringent, autofluorescent, and contain the vacuolar H+-ATPase. They also serve as sites of cellular zinc storage.
The membrane of a gut granule, a lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans.
The lumen of a gut granule, a lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans.
The cell cycle process by which a cell in G1 phase commits to S phase.
The cell cycle phase which begins at the end of meiosis I cytokinesis and ends when meiosis II prophase begins. During meiotic interphase II no DNA replication takes place, but the centrioles duplicate and spindle fibres emerge.
chain elongation of O-linked mannose residue
Extension of the O-linked mannose residue of a mannoprotein by the stepwise addition of further mannose molecules.
negative regulation by symbiont of indole acetic acid levels in host
Any process in which an organism reduces the indole acetic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation by symbiont of auxin levels in host
negative regulation by symbiont of IAA levels in host
The process by which a symbiont acquires iron from its host, either from heme or other iron containing molecules such as transferrin and lactoferrin. Begins with either the secretion of symbiont gene products that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules (siderophores and hemophores) from the symbiont cell into the host, or by expression of receptors that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules on the symbiont cell surface. Ends when the iron-containing compound is transported into the symbiont cell.
acquisition by organism of nutrients from host via siderophores
acquisition by symbiont of nutrients from host via siderophores
iron acquisition by symbiont from host heme
A distinct period or stage in a biological process or cycle.
A type of ovulation cycle, which occurs in most mammalian therian females, where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur.
A type of ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur.
The cyclical periods of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.
OBSOLETE. The process in which chromatin structure of nonrepetitive regions of DNA is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
A membrane raft that is part of the plasma membrane.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a plasma membrane raft.
The process that establishes the spatial arrangement of membrane rafts within a plasma membrane.
Any process in which plasma membrane rafts are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane rafts.
The clustering and aggregation of a plasma membrane into domains. This serves as a mechanism to compartmentalize cellular activities and to establish cell polarity.
protein insertion into plasma membrane raft
The process in which a protein is incorporated into a plasma membrane raft.
protein localization to plasma membrane raft
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a plasma membrane raft.
protein transport into plasma membrane raft
The directed movement of a protein into a plasma membrane raft.
protein transport out of plasma membrane raft
The directed movement of a protein out of a plasma membrane raft.
modulation by virus of host cell division
Any process where an infecting virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of its host's cell into daughter cells.
regulation by virus of host cell division
positive regulation by virus of host cell division
Any process where an infecting virus activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its host's cell division.
negative regulation by virus of host cell division
Any process where an infecting virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its host's cell division.
inhibition by virus of host cell division
modulation by host of viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity
The process in which a host organism effects a change in viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein.
modulation by host of viral catalytic activity
The process in which a host organism effects a change in the enzyme activity of a virus with which it is infected.
modulation by host of viral molecular function
A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any molecular function being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.
negative regulation by host of viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity
The process in which a host organism decreases viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein.
modulation by host of viral glycoprotein metabolic process
A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral glycoprotein metabolic process.
negative regulation by host of viral glycoprotein metabolic process
A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral glycoprotein metabolic process.
Any process in which a lipoprotein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
A process in which a lipoprotein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane.
lipoprotein localization to outer membrane
A process in which a lipoprotein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in an outer membrane.
gamma-glutamyl hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-glutamyl cysteine + hercynine + O2 = gamma-glutamyl-hercynyl cysteine sulfoxide + H2O.
gamma-glutamyl hercynylcysteine S-oxide synthase
gamma-glutamyl hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-selenocysteine + 2 hercynine + O2 = 2 H2O + 2 hercynylselenocysteine.
mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint signaling
A signaling process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects a defect in cytokinesis and prevents further rounds of nuclear division until cytokinesis is completed.
signaling pathway involved in mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint
signalling cascade involved in mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint
signalling pathway involved in mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint
mitotic morphogenesis checkpoint signaling
A signaling process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint which delays mitotic onset in response to perturbations that affect cell shape via the actin cytoskeleton, septin organization, small cell size, and/or the extent of membrane growth.
signaling cascade involved in morphogenesis checkpoint
signaling cascade involved in septin checkpoint
signaling pathway involved in morphogenesis checkpoint
signaling pathway involved in septin checkpoint
signalling cascade involved in morphogenesis checkpoint
signalling cascade involved in septin checkpoint
signalling pathway involved in morphogenesis checkpoint
signalling pathway involved in septin checkpoint
signal transduction involved in morphogenesis checkpoint
signal transduction involved in septin checkpoint
double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing
Repair of a DSB made between two repeated sequences oriented in the same direction occurs primarily by the single strand annealing pathway. The ends of the break are processed by a 5' to 3' exonuclease, exposing complementary single-strand regions of the direct repeats that can anneal, resulting in a deletion of the unique DNA between the direct repeats.
double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing
SDSA is a major mechanism of double-strand break repair in mitosis which allows for the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences. The broken DNA searches for and base pairs with a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template. Newly synthesized DNA is then displaced from the template and anneal with its complement on the other side of the double-strand break.
Correction of replication errors by DNA polymerase using a 3'-5' exonuclease activity.
DNA-templated DNA replication maintenance of fidelity
A DNA metabolic process that prevents or corrects errors to ensure that DNA is replicated accurately. Errors can be corrected either by intrinsic DNA polymerase proofreading activity or via mismatch repair.
DNA-dependent DNA replication maintenance of fidelity
maintenance of fidelity during DNA-dependent DNA replication
maintenance of fidelity involved in DNA-dependent DNA replication
The removal of an amino group from a nucleotide base in DNA. An example is the deamination of cytosine to produce uracil.
The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the A or G base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depurinated sugar.
The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the C or T base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depyrimidinated sugar.
An intracellular membrane-bounded particle found in fungi and containing chitin synthase; it synthesizes chitin microfibrils. Chitin synthase activity exists in chitosomes and they are proposed to act as a reservoir for regulated transport of chitin synthase enzymes to the division septum.
The initial step in the formation of an actin filament, in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. Nucleation is slow relative to the subsequent addition of more monomers to extend the filament.
OBSOLETE. A major histocompatibility complex class II receptor. These display processed antigens from virally-infected or transformed cells. Class-II-positive cells ('antigen-presenting cells') can take up antigens from outside by endocytosis, degrade them into small peptides, and re-export the peptides (now bound to MHC class II protein) to the cell surface. These peptide-MHC class II complexes can then be recognized by specific CD4+ lymphocytes.
carbon catabolite repression of transcription
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.
negative regulation of transcription by carbon catabolites
carbon catabolite repression of transcription by glucose
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of glucose leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.
downregulation of transcription by glucose
down regulation of transcription by glucose
down-regulation of transcription by glucose
Binding to a HDEL sequence, the C terminus tetrapeptide sequence His-Asp-Glu-Leu found in proteins that are to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.
mitochondrial magnesium ion transmembrane transport
The process in which a magnesium ion (Mg2+) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.
The directed movement of substances from the vacuole to the trans-Golgi network; this occurs in yeast via the prevacuolar/endosomal compartment.
negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
downregulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
down regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
down-regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
inhibition of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
negative regulation of nitric oxide anabolism
negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthesis
negative regulation of nitric oxide formation
negative regulation of nitric oxide synthesis
OBSOLETE. DNA repair pathways that tend to increase the endogenous mutation rate.
OBSOLETE. DNA repair pathways that do not increase the mutation rate above spontaneous background levels, e.g. excision and recombination pathways.
early endosome to late endosome transport
The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the late sorting endosomes; transport occurs along microtubules and can be experimentally blocked with microtubule-depolymerizing drugs.
The mitotic cell cycle phase transition whose occurrence commits the cell from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase. Under certain conditions, cells exit the cell cycle during G1 and remain in the G0 state as nongrowing, non-dividing (quiescent) cells. Appropriate stimulation of such cells induces them to return to G1 and resume growth and division. The G0 to G1 transition is accompanied by many changes in the program of gene expression.
obsolete peptidyl-glutamyl peptide hydrolyzing enzyme activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of bonds after acidic amino acids and after branched chain amino acids.
A mitochondrial protein complex with 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity that participates in intron-independent turnover and processing of mitochondrial transcripts. In humans, the mitochondrial degradosome is a pentameric complex, and in yeast it exists as a heterodimer.
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane that surround a cell with that of another cell, producing a single cell.
Binding to DNA ends exposed by the creation of double-strand breaks (DSBs).
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activity
Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
G protein coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activity
G-protein coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activity
purinergic nucleotide receptor activity, G protein coupled
purinergic nucleotide receptor activity, G-protein coupled
Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by UDP.
UDP-activated nucleotide receptor activity
Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by UTP.
UTP-activated nucleotide receptor activity
Combining with ATP and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
ATP-activated adenosine receptor activity
ATP-activated nucleotide receptor activity
The acquisition of peroxisomes by daughter cells from the mother cell after replication. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the number of peroxisomes cells is fairly constant; a subset of the organelles are targeted and segregated to the bud in a highly ordered, vectorial process. Efficient segregation of peroxisomes from mother to bud is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton, and active movement of peroxisomes along actin filaments is driven by the class V myosin motor protein, Myo2p.
OBSOLETE. The asymmetrical division of a neuroblast, the neural precursor in the central nervous system, giving rise to another neuroblast and a ganglion mother cell.
The series of four asymmetric divisions undergone by the sensory organ precursor cells to generate cells that have distinct cell fates. For example, in the external sensory organ, the precursor cells give rise to one multidendritic neuron and four additional cells (the socket, shaft, sheath cells and the external sense neuron).
The process of directing proteins towards the chloroplast, usually using signals contained within the protein. Imported proteins are synthesized as cytosolic precursors containing N-terminal uptake-targeting sequences that direct each protein to its correct subcompartment and are subsequently cleaved.
The targeting and import of proteins into the chloroplast stroma. Import depends on ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by stromal chaperones. Chloroplast stromal proteins, such as the S subunit of rubisco, have a N-terminal stromal-import sequence of about 44 amino acids which is cleaved from the protein precursor after import.
protein transport into chloroplast stroma
protein import into chloroplast thylakoid membrane
The import of proteins into the chloroplast thylakoid membranes. Proteins that are destined for the thylakoid lumen require two uptake-targeting sequences: the first targets the protein to the stroma, and the second targets the protein from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen. Four separate thylakoid-import systems deal with the proteins once they are in the stroma.
chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein import
protein transport into chloroplast thylakoid membrane
protein insertion into mitochondrial inner membrane
The processes mediating the insertion of proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Mitochondrial inner membrane proteins can get inserted from the cytosol, by crossing the outer membrane and being guided by an inner membrane translocase complex into their final destination in the inner membrane. Some proteins present in the intermembrane space can get inserted into the inner mitochondrial membrane. Finally, some proteins are inserted into the inner membrane from the matrix side of the membrane.
mitochondrial inner membrane protein import
protein import into mitochondrial inner membrane
protein transport into mitochondrial inner membrane
protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane
The process comprising the insertion of proteins from outside the organelle into the mitochondrial outer membrane, mediated by large outer membrane translocase complexes.
mitochondrial outer membrane protein import
protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane
protein transport into mitochondrial outer membrane
protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space
The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
mitochondrial intermembrane space protein import
protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space, direct
protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space, nonconservative
protein transport into mitochondrial IMS
protein transport into mitochondrial intermembrane space
obsolete protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space, conservative
OBSOLETE. The conservative import of proteins into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The entire protein enters the matrix, and then the second targeting sequence directs the protein, presumably bound to a matrix protein, across the inner membrane to the intermembrane space.
OBSOLETE. The pathway along which proteins and other substances are moved around and out of the cell. After synthesis on the ribosomes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), completed polypeptide chains are moved to the Golgi complex and subsequently sorted to various destinations. Proteins synthesized and sorted in the secretory pathway include not only those that are secreted from the cell but also enzymes and other resident proteins in the lumen of the ER, Golgi, and lysosomes as well as integral proteins in the membranes of these organelles and the plasma membrane.
The targeting of proteins into the peroxisomal membrane. The process is not well understood, but both signals and mechanism differ from those involved in peroxisomal matrix protein import.
protein transport into peroxisome membrane
The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane.
protein targeting to endoplasmic reticulum
The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane.
integral ER membrane protein localization
integral ER membrane protein positioning
protein insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membrane
protein insertion into ER membrane by N-terminal cleaved signal sequence
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which N-terminal cleaved signal sequences direct polypeptides to the ER.
N-terminal cleaved signal sequence mediated protein insertion into ER membrane
protein-endoplasmic reticulum insertion by N-terminal cleaved signal sequence
protein-ER insertion by N-terminal cleaved signal sequence
protein insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membrane by N-terminal cleaved signal sequence
protein insertion into ER membrane, N-terminal cleaved signal sequence mediated
protein insertion into ER membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequences become an ER membrane spanning helix.
protein-endoplasmic reticulum insertion by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence
protein-ER insertion by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence
protein insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence
protein insertion into ER membrane, stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence mediated
stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence mediated protein insertion into ER membrane
protein insertion into ER membrane by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which signal anchor sequences function as both ER signal sequences and membrane anchor sequences.
internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence mediated protein insertion into ER membrane
protein-endoplasmic reticulum insertion by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence
protein-ER insertion by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence
protein insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membrane by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence
protein insertion into ER membrane, internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence mediated
protein insertion into ER membrane by GPI attachment sequence
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which proteins become anchored to the phospholipid bilayer by a covalently attached glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecule.
GPI attachment sequence mediated protein insertion into ER membrane
protein-endoplasmic reticulum insertion by GPI attachment sequence
protein-ER insertion by GPI attachment sequence
protein insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membrane by GPI attachment sequence
protein insertion into ER membrane, GPI attachment sequence mediated
The retention of proteins within the Golgi apparatus. Golgi-localized carbohydrate-modifying enzymes have a short N-terminal domain that faces the cytosol, a single transmembrane alpha helix, and a large C-terminal domain that faces the Golgi lumen and that contains the catalytic site. How the membrane-spanning alpha helix in a Golgi enzyme causes its localization and prevents its movement to the plasma membrane is not known.
maintenance of protein location in Golgi apparatus
A process of exocytosis found in all eukaryotic cells, in which transport vesicles destined for the plasma membrane leave the trans-Golgi network in a steady stream. Upon exocytosis, the membrane proteins and lipids in these vesicles provide new components for the plasma membrane, and the soluble proteins inside the vesicles are released into the extracellular space.
A process of exocytosis in which soluble proteins and other substances are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release. It is found mainly in cells that are specialized for secreting products such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or digestive enzymes rapidly on demand.
The directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side.
The process that results in the physical movement of a new cis-Golgi stack from the cis-position, nearest the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), to the trans position, farthest from the ER, successively becoming first a medial-Golgi cisterna and then a trans-Golgi cisterna.
The process in which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation.
The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
The process of elimination of immature T cells in the thymus which react strongly with self-antigens.
The process of T cell selection that occurs in the thymus.
The process of T cell selection that occurs in extrathymic locations, often resulting T cells of distinct specificities from those selected in the thymus.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 1 (Th1) cell. A Th1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a cytotoxic T cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.
The process of sparing extrathymically maturing T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
positive extrathymic T lymphocyte selection
positive extrathymic T-lymphocyte selection
The process of elimination of extrathymically maturing T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.
negative extrathymic T lymphocyte selection
negative extrathymic T-lymphocyte selection
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
positive regulation of viral genome replication
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
upregulation of viral genome replication
up regulation of viral genome replication
up-regulation of viral genome replication
negative regulation of viral genome replication
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
downregulation of viral genome replication
down regulation of viral genome replication
down-regulation of viral genome replication
Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
positive regulation of innate immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate.
regulation of retroviral genome replication
A protein complex that binds interleukin-18; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.
obsolete interleukin-18 alpha subunit binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to alpha subunit of interleukin-18. IL-18a is a component of IL-18 that is essential for IL-18 binding on the surface of T-helper 1 cells.
obsolete interleukin-18 beta subunit binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to beta subunit of interleukin-18. IL-18b is a ligand non-binding chain and is required for signaling of IL-18 that binds with IL-18a.
A filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells. The keratins are the most diverse classes of IF proteins, with a large number of keratin isoforms being expressed. Each type of epithelium always expresses a characteristic combination of type I and type II keratins.
OBSOLETE. A type of intermediate filament.
A type of intermediate filament, typically made up of one or more of the proteins vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Unlike the keratins, the type III proteins can form both homo- and heteropolymeric IF filaments.
type III intermediate filament associated protein
obsolete glial fibrillary acidic protein
OBSOLETE. Glial fibrillary acidic protein forms filaments in the glial cells that surround neurons and in astrocytes.
OBSOLETE. Peripherin is a type III intermediate filament protein found in neurons of the peripheral nervous system.
Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the intermediate filament cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.
intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.
intermediate filament cytoskeleton organisation
intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
intermediate filament polymerization or depolymerization
Assembly or disassembly of intermediate filaments by the addition or removal of component parts from a filament.
Disassembly of intermediate filaments by the removal of component monomers from a filament.
Assembly of intermediate filaments by the addition of component monomers to a filament. Polymerization of intermediate filament proteins results from interactions among several distinct binding sites on the constituent proteins. Nuclear lamin head-to-tail polymers arise from one such interaction. Deletion analysis localized the binding sites to the ends of the rod domain that are highly conserved among all intermediate filament proteins. Data indicate that one type of interaction in intermediate filament protein polymerization is the longitudinal binding of dimers via the conserved end segments of the coiled-coil rod domain.
regulation of intermediate filament polymerization or depolymerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly or disassembly of intermediate filaments by the addition or removal of monomers from a filament; this usually occurs through the opposing action of kinases and phosphatases.
Control of the spatial distribution of intermediate filaments; includes organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.
The formation of the bundles of intermediate filaments. Intermediate filament-associated proteins (IFAPs) cross-link intermediate filaments with one another, forming a bundle or a network, and with other cell structures, including the plasma membrane. The organization of intermediate filaments and their supportive function in various cells types depends in large part on their linkage to other cell structures via IFAPs.
Cytoskeletal structure made from intermediate filaments, typically organized in the cytosol as an extended system that stretches from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane. Some intermediate filaments run parallel to the cell surface, while others traverse the cytosol; together they form an internal framework that helps support the shape and resilience of the cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins, a large family of transmembrane proteins that act as receptors for cell-adhesion molecules.
regulation of integrin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins, a subfamily of integrins which contain the beta 2 subunit.
regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthesis
Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1) to another protein.
The directed movement of azoles, heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances, across a lipid bilayer, across a membrane.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + azole(in) = H+(in) + azole(out). Azoles are heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances.
The nucleus of either the ovum or the spermatozoon following fertilization. Thus, in the fertilized ovum, there are two pronuclei, one originating from the ovum, the other from the spermatozoon that brought about fertilization; they approach each other, but do not fuse until just before the first cleavage, when each pronucleus loses its membrane to release its contents.
Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.
The migration of a leukocyte from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone tissue loss (resorption).
Combining with a bioactive lipid and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. A bioactive lipid is a lipid for which changes in lipid levels result in functional consequences in a variety of cellular processes.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ATP = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
2-acetylamino-2-deoxy-D-glucose kinase activity
acetylglucosamine kinase (phosphorylating)
ATP:2-acetylamino-2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase activity
negative regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
down regulation of meiotic recombination
down-regulation of meiotic recombination
NAD-independent histone deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction does not require the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + keratan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + keratan 6'-sulfate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl keratan sulfotransferase activity
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:keratan 6'-sulfotransferase activity
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate:keratan sulfotransferase activity
keratan sulfate Gal-6-sulfotransferase activity
keratan sulfate sulfotransferase activity
Binding to a pre-mRNA branch point sequence, located upstream of the 3' splice site.
The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during M phase of the meiotic cell cycle.
2,3-dihydroxybenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H+.
2,3-dihydroxybenzoate:oxygen 3,4-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
2,3-dihydroxybenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase activity
2,3-dihydroxybenzoate oxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP + H2O = UMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl groups at their ends.
poly(beta-D-1,4-mannuronide) lyase activity
development of secondary sexual characteristics
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In humans, these include growth of axillary, chest, and pubic hair, voice changes, testicular/penile enlargement, breast development and menstrual periods. Development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.
development of primary sexual characteristics
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary sexual characteristics are the testes in males and the ovaries in females and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the adult male tail tip is generated and organized. In some species of rhabitid nematodes, the male tail tip undergoes a morphological change such that the most posterior hypodermal cells in the tail (hyp8-11 in C. elegans) fuse and retract anteriorly, changing the shape of the tail from a pointed, tapered cone, or spike, to a rounded, blunt dome.
inositol phosphoceramide synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phytoceramide + inositol phosphate = inositol phosphoceramide + diacylglycerol.
The cell cycle process in which the dynamic reorganization of telomeres occurs in early meiotic prophase, during which meiotic chromosome ends are gathered in a bouquet arrangement at the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body. This plays an important role in progression through meiosis and precedes synapsis.
Binding to a DNA triple helix. The formation of triple helical DNA has been evoked in several cellular processes including transcription, replication, and recombination.
The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and randomly apportioned to two sets during the second division of the meiotic cell cycle.
single-stranded DNA 5'-3' DNA exonuclease activity
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of nucleotides (such as mononucleotides or dinucleotides) from a free 5' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.
single-stranded DNA specific 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity
ssDNA-specific 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity
initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
The activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
initiation of acetate breakdown by acetate
initiation of acetate degradation by acetate
regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
Any process that modulates the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
regulation of initiation of acetate breakdown by acetate
regulation of initiation of acetate degradation by acetate
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a tripeptide.
alanine-phenylalanine-proline arylamidase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, often as part of a fermentation pathway or for use as a carbon source.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.
Binding to an antisigma factor, a factor which inhibits the ability of the sigma factor to function as a transcriptional initiator.
obsolete electron transporter, transferring electrons from CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex and cytochrome c oxidase complex activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the directed movement of electrons from the CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex and the cytochrome c oxidase complex.
electron transporter, transferring electrons within the cyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis activity
Enables the directed movement of electrons within the cyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis.
electron transporter, transferring electrons within the noncyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis activity
Enables the directed movement of electrons within the noncyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis.
electron transporter, transferring electrons within cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II activity
Enables the directed movement of electrons within the cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II.
Binding to a class II myosin, any member of the class of 'conventional' double-headed myosins that includes muscle myosin.
A myosin complex containing a class I myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin I heavy chains are single-headed, possess tails of various lengths, and do not self-associate into bipolar filaments; myosin I complexes are involved in diverse processes related to membrane traffic and cell movement.
The process in which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation.
clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels
The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization.
clustering of voltage-dependent sodium channels
clustering of voltage gated sodium channels
clustering of voltage-gated potassium channels
The process in which voltage-gated potassium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are clustered beneath the myelin sheath in regions immediately adjacent to paranodes, called juxtaparanodes, and along the inner mesaxon within the internode.
clustering of voltage-dependent potassium channels
clustering of voltage gated potassium channels
voltage-gated potassium channel clustering
OBSOLETE. Secretin is a hormone that takes part in the digestion process. It also has effects on organs other than gastrointestinal tract.
The cellular developmental process by which a cell establishes the intrinsic character of a cell or tissue region irreversibly committing it to a particular fate.
asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution, resulting in the formation of daughter cells of different types.
asymmetric protein localisation involved in cell fate determination
asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate commitment
asymmetric protein localization resulting in cell fate commitment
cell fate commitment, asymmetric protein localization
cell-cell signaling involved in cell fate commitment
Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate.
cell-cell signaling during in cell fate commitment
cell-cell signaling resulting in cell fate commitment
cell-cell signalling during cell fate commitment
cell-cell signalling involved in cell fate specification
cell-cell signalling resulting in cell fate commitment
cell fate commitment, cell-cell signaling
cell fate commitment, cell-cell signalling
A large intracellular spectrin-rich structure that has been found in insect germline cells and mammalian hematopoietic cells. The fusome is an elongated, branched structure, formed from the spherical spectrosome organelle.
A germline specific spherical organelle, rich in membrane skeletal proteins. Precursor to the fusome.
A direct connection between the cytoplasm of two cells that is formed following the completion of cleavage furrow ingression during cell division. They are usually present only briefly prior to completion of cytokinesis. However, in some cases, such as the bridges between germ cells during their development, they become stabilised.
Germline specific intercellular bridge. During cyst formation in insects, ring canals interconnect the cells of the cyst, facilitating the passage of cytoplasmic components between cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of O-sialoglycoproteins, glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities.
glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide.
glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase activity
glutathione:dehydroascorbic acid oxidoreductase activity
glutathione dehydroascorbate reductase activity
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, basal regions of the cell.
establishment and maintenance of basal protein localization
establishment and maintenance of protein localization in basal part of cell
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell.
establishment and maintenance of apical protein localization
establishment and maintenance of protein localization in apical part of cell
The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.
The region of a cell situated near the base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the basal surface rests on the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.
The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the apical edge of a cell.
The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the basal edge of a cell.
glutamate synthase activity, NAD(P)H as acceptor
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD(P)+ = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NAD(P)H + H+.
glutamate synthase activity, NADH or NADPH as acceptor
Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
translation factor activity, non-nucleic acid binding
A translation regulator activity that does not involve binding to nucleic acids.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away.
Assembly of the zonula adherens, a cell-cell adherens junction which forms a continuous belt near the apex of epithelial cells.
regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sleep; a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.
regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-rapid eye movement sleep.
obsolete connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTGF, produced by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and by skin fibroblasts after activation with TGF-beta.
The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
regulation of class switch recombination
regulation of isotype switch recombination
obsolete low-density lipoprotein catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoproteins, also known as beta lipoproteins, one of the classes of lipoproteins found in the bloodstream of animals, acting as a carrier for cholesterol and fats.
obsolete acetylated low-density lipoprotein catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylated low-density lipoproteins.
obsolete oxidized low-density lipoprotein catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oxidized low-density lipoproteins.
OBSOLETE. The formation of gallstones, hard, crystal-like accretions of cholesterol and bile pigments which develop when bile contains too much cholesterol and not enough bile.
establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
establishment and/or maintenance of neuroblast cell polarity
establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.
establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity
The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.
maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity
The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.
The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
establishment of neuroblast cell polarity
The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
obsolete integral component of cell outer membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
The directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
cytoplasmic translocation of mitogen-activated protein kinase
MAPK transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
OBSOLETE. Enables the directed movement of MAP kinase into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
obsolete MAPK phosphatase transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the directed movement of MAPK phosphatase into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
The directed movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
MAPK phosphatase export from cell nucleus
MAPK phosphatase transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
MAPK phosphatase export from nucleus, leptomycin B sensitive
Leptomycin B-sensitive movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
leptomycin B-sensitive MAPK phosphatase export out of nucleus
leptomycin B-sensitive MAPK phosphatase-nucleus export
leptomycin B-sensitive MAPK phosphatase transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
MAPK phosphatase export from cell nucleus, leptomycin B sensitive
MAPK phosphatase export out of nucleus, leptomycin B sensitive
MAPK phosphatase-nucleus export, leptomycin B sensitive
MAPK phosphatase transport from nucleus to cytoplasm, leptomycin B sensitive
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.
A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
obsolete neurotransmitter receptor biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neurotransmitter receptors.
neurotransmitter receptor metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitter receptors.
The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.
cell-cell junction assembly and maintenance
intercellular junction assembly and maintenance
The maintenance of junctions between cells.
Maintaining the zonula adherens junction, the cell-cell adherens junction formed near the apex of epithelial cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
positive regulation of FasL biosynthesis
positive regulation of FasL biosynthetic process
stimulation of FasL biosynthetic process
upregulation of FasL biosynthetic process
up regulation of FasL biosynthetic process
up-regulation of FasL biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
downregulation of FasL biosynthetic process
down regulation of FasL biosynthetic process
down-regulation of FasL biosynthetic process
negative regulation of FasL biosynthesis
negative regulation of FasL biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4, a CD marker that occurs on T-helper cells and is involved in MHC class II restricted interactions.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
positive regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
upregulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
up regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
up-regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
downregulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
down regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
down-regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
extracellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.
extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis
capsule polysaccharide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
capsular polysaccharide biosynthetic process
slime layer polysaccharide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides in the slime layer, a diffused layer of polysaccharide exterior to the bacterial cell wall.
external encapsulating structure organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of external structures that lie outside the plasma membrane and surround the entire cell.
external encapsulating structure organisation
external encapsulating structure organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a slime layer. A slime layer is an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds a cell.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an S-layer enveloping the cell. The S-layer is a crystalline protein layer surrounding some bacteria.
obsolete natural killer cell receptor activity
OBSOLETE. A receptor found on the surface of natural killer cells which binds Class I MHC antigens and is required for activation of NK activity. It belongs to the Ly49i family.
The covalent attachment of a palmitoleyl group to a protein.
Binding to a chemokine receptor in the CXCR family.
Any of the heteromeric enzymes that act in the TCA cycle.
A protein complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
cytosolic alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
Cytosolic complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.
Complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.
cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+)
Cytosolic complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.
succinate-CoA ligase complex (GDP-forming)
A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming GTP.
cytosolic tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex
Any of the heteromeric enzymes, located in the cytosol, that act in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
cytosolic electron transfer flavoprotein complex
A protein complex located in the cytosol containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that, together with an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, forms a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors.
cytosolic oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
A cytosolic complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2).
cytosol pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex
A cytosolic complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
cytosolic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Usually contains fewer subunits than its eukaryotic counterpart; for example, the E. coli complex contains 12 E1 dimers, 8 E2 trimers, and 6 E3 dimers arranged in highly symmetric cubic order.
A protein complex facilitating the electron transfer from an acyl-CoA molecule to ubiquinone via its flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor. Usually contains an alpha and a beta subunit and the structural cofactor adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Part of a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors in the electron transport system.
A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2).
dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase complex
pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex
A complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)
The enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate and ubiquinone to fumarate and ubiquinol; involved in aerobic respiration, repressed in anaerobic respiration.
plasma membrane succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)
The enzyme, located in the plasma membrane, that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate and ubiquinone to fumarate and ubiquinol; involved in aerobic respiration, repressed in anaerobic respiration.
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.
hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase complex
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex
proton-transporting F-type ATPase complex
plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the plasma membrane. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
plasma membrane hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase complex
The sector of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex in which the catalytic activity resides; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with a membrane, such as the plasma membrane or the mitochondrial inner membrane, when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.
plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1)
The catalytic sector of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the plasma membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)
All non-F1 subunits of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral membrane proteins.
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, coupling factor CF(0)
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, F0 sector
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(0)
plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)
All non-F1 subunits of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral plasma membrane proteins.
proton-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the membrane-associated Fo proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core.
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk
plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the plasma membrane-associated F0 proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core
The hexamer that possesses the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase.
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core
plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core
The hexamer that possesses the catalytic activity of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the membrane-associated Fo proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis.
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk
plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the plasma membrane-associated Fo proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain. It consists of several polypeptide chains and is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.
plasma membrane respiratory chain complex I
A subcomplex of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A part of the respiratory chain, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.
plasma membrane respiratory chain complex II
A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
coenzyme Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex
coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase complex
ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex
ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex
plasma membrane respiratory chain complex III
A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
plasma membrane coenzyme Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex
plasma membrane coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase complex
plasma membrane ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex
A part of the respiratory chain, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2).
plasma membrane respiratory chain complex IV
A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2). Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A multimeric complex which consists of flavoprotein (subunit A ; InterPro:IPR003952), iron-sulfur protein (subunit B) and membrane-bound cytochrome b560 (subunit C; InterPro:IPR000701). In some Archaea, the membrane-bound subunits (C or C and D) do not necessarily contain heme. Membrane-bound subunits can bind or react with quinones.
plasma membrane succinate dehydrogenase complex
A multimeric complex which consists of flavoprotein (subunit A ; InterPro:IPR003952), iron-sulfur protein (subunit B) and membrane-bound cytochrome b560 (subunit C; InterPro:IPR000701). In some Archaea, the membrane-bound subunits (C or C and D) do not necessarily contain heme. Membrane-bound subunits can bind/react with quinones. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
A membrane-bound flavoenzyme complex consisting of four subunits, A, B, C, and D. A and B comprise the membrane-extrinsic catalytic domain and C (InterPro:IPR003510; InterPro:IPR004224) and D (InterPro:IPR003418) link the catalytic centers to the electron-transport chain. This family consists of the 13 kDa hydrophobic subunit D. This component may be required to anchor the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. Fumarate reductase couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related complex II of the respiratory chain (succinate dehydrogenase-(ubiquinone)).
plasma membrane fumarate reductase complex
A membrane-bound flavoenzyme complex consisting of four subunits, A, B, C, and D. A and B comprise the membrane-extrinsic catalytic domain and C (InterPro:IPR003510; InterPro:IPR00224) and D (InterPro:IPR003418) link the catalytic centers to the electron-transport chain. In some species, the complex has only three subunits, and in these cases, there is only one membrane anchor instead of two. This family consists of the 13 kDa hydrophobic subunit D. This component may be required to anchor the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. Fumarate reductase couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related complex II of the respiratory chain (succinate dehydrogenase-(ubiquinone)). Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
Catalysis of the generalized reaction: luciferin + O2 = oxidized luciferin + CO2 + light. There may be additional substrates and reactants involved in the reaction. The reaction results in light emission as luciferin returns to the ground state after enzymatic oxidation.
D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NAD(P)+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NAD(P)H + H+.
D-arabinose:NAD(P)+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
The joining together of two independently transcribed RNAs, where the one that provides the 5' portion of the final mRNA is from a splice leader RNA (SL-RNA). The SL-RNA, or mini-exon donor sequence, is added to the 5'-end of the acceptor RNA molecule which provides the mRNA body.
nuclear mRNA trans splicing, SL addition
nuclear mRNA trans splicing, spliced leader addition
The joining together, after removal of an intervening sequence composed of one or more introns, of two segments of the same RNA molecule via spliceosomal catalysis to produce an mRNA composed only of exon sequences that all came from the same primary transcript.
nuclear mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome
nuclear mRNA cis splicing, via U2-type spliceosome
A protein complex that posttranscriptionally catalyzes insertion, deletion or substitution of nucleotides at multiple sites within nascent mRNA transcripts to produce mature mRNAs in eukaryotes.
Binding to catenin complex alpha subunit.
Binding to catenin complex gamma subunit.
Binding to cadherin, a type I membrane protein involved in cell adhesion.
OBSOLETE. The specific behavior of an organism following mating.
A heterodimer of tubulins alpha and beta that constitutes the protomer for microtubule assembly.
The precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate with extracellular matrix proteins in the otolith organs of the vertebrate inner ear.
acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] desaturase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor + O2 = oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + acceptor + H2O. The enzyme requires ferredoxin.
acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] desaturase activity
acyl-acyl-carrier-protein, hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
acyl-acyl-carrier-protein desaturase activity
stearyl acyl carrier protein desaturase activity
tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine)-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine) = tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine) + O2. 2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine is also known as ms2i6A; 2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine is also known as ms2io6A and 2-methylthio-cis-ribozeatin.
2-methylthio-cis-ribozeatin hydroxylase activity
tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyladenosine)-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholan-24-oylglycine + H2O = 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholanate + glycine.
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oylglycine amidohydrolase activity
diaminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
2,4-diaminobutyrate 4-aminotransferase activity
diaminibutyric acid aminotransferase activity
diaminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
L-2,4-diaminobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate 4-aminotransferase activity
L-2,4-diaminobutyrate:2-ketoglutarate 4-aminotransferase activity
L-2,4-diaminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate 4-aminotransferase activity
regulation of establishment of competence for transformation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a cell becomes able to take up and incorporate extracellular DNA into its genome.
regulator of establishment of competence for transformation activity
obsolete regulator of establishment of competence for transformation activity
OBSOLETE. Functions to either promote or inhibit the establishment of competence for transformation.
obsolete inhibitor of the establishment of competence for transformation activity
OBSOLETE. Inhibits the establishment of competence for transformation.
obsolete activator of the establishment of competence for transformation activity
OBSOLETE. Activates the establishment of competence for transformation.
protein phosphorylated amino acid binding
Binding to a phosphorylated amino acid residue within a protein.
obsolete phosphoserine/phosphothreonine binding
OBSOLETE. Interacting selectively with a phosphorylated serine or threonine residue within a protein.
invasive growth in response to pheromone
The growth of colonies in filamentous chains of cells as a result of a pheromone stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a rhabdomere membrane.
regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
activation of eye photoreceptor development
stimulation of eye photoreceptor development
upregulation of eye photoreceptor development
up regulation of eye photoreceptor development
up-regulation of eye photoreceptor development
negative regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
downregulation of eye photoreceptor development
down regulation of eye photoreceptor development
down-regulation of eye photoreceptor development
inhibition of eye photoreceptor development
The formation and development of the equator that forms the boundary between the photoreceptors in the dorsal sector of the eye and those in the ventral sector, dividing the eye into dorsal and ventral halves.
obsolete SRP-independent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting, translocation
OBSOLETE. The process during cotranslational membrane targeting wherein proteins move across a membrane. This process is independent of SRP and signal recognition.
chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane; it catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during photo-phosphorylation.
chloroplast hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase complex
chloroplast proton-transporting F-type ATPase complex
A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
Binding to uan nmethylated CpG motif. Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are often associated with gene promoters.
A protein complex that binds interleukin-1; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.
The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the vacuole. In yeast, after transport to the prevacuolar compartment, endocytic content is delivered to the late endosome and on to the vacuole. This pathway is analogous to endosome to lysosome transport.
The hydroxylation of peptidyl-tryptophan, to form peptidyl-L-3-hydroxytryptophan.
protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via the 3'-end to peptidyl-tyrosine
The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-3'-DNA)-L-tyrosine.
DNA-protein covalent cross-linking via the 3'-end to peptidyl-tyrosine
protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine
The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue.
DNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine
The covalent linkage of heme to cytochrome P450 4A1 via hydroxyheme-L-glutamyl ester.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an ester bond by a mechanism involving a catalytically active aspartic acid residue.
obsolete coenzyme-M-7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine-phosphate-heterodisulfide hydrogenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme-M 7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine-phosphate heterodisulfide + H2 = coenzyme-M + N-(7-mercaptoheptanoyl)threonine O3-phosphate.
The movement of a phospholipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.
The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration).
A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance.
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of farnesyl diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving farnesyl diphosphate, an intermediate in carotenoid, sesquiterpene, squalene and sterol biosynthesis, as well as a substrate in protein farnesylation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of farnesyl diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class I.
major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthesis
major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II.
major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthesis
major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthetic process
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthesis
regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthetic process
negative regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
downregulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
down regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
down-regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
inhibition of MHC class I biosynthetic process
negative regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthesis
negative regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthetic process
negative regulation of MHC class I anabolism
negative regulation of MHC class I biosynthesis
negative regulation of MHC class I formation
negative regulation of MHC class I synthesis
positive regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
activation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
positive regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthesis
positive regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthetic process
positive regulation of MHC class I anabolism
positive regulation of MHC class I biosynthesis
positive regulation of MHC class I formation
positive regulation of MHC class I synthesis
stimulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
upregulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
up regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
up-regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthesis
regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthetic process
negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
downregulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
down regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
down-regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
inhibition of MHC class II biosynthetic process
negative regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthesis
negative regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthetic process
negative regulation of MHC class II anabolism
negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthesis
negative regulation of MHC class II formation
negative regulation of MHC class II synthesis
positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
activation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
positive regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthesis
positive regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthetic process
positive regulation of MHC class II anabolism
positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthesis
positive regulation of MHC class II formation
positive regulation of MHC class II synthesis
stimulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
upregulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
up regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
up-regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
interleukin-1 type I receptor antagonist activity
Blocks the binding of interleukin-1 to interleukin-1 type I receptors.
interleukin-1 type II receptor antagonist activity
Blocks the binding of interleukin-1 to interleukin-1 type II receptors.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via (phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-histidine
OBSOLETE. The transient guanylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form (phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-histidine.
regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
activation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
positive regulation of nitric oxide anabolism
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthesis
positive regulation of nitric oxide formation
positive regulation of nitric oxide synthesis
stimulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
upregulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
up regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
up-regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
Catalysis of the reaction: a chalcone = a flavanone.
Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroflavonol + 2-oxoglurate + O2 = a flavonol + succinate + CO2 + H2O.
dihydroflavonol,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
flavonoid 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase activity
male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production
The process during wing vibration where the male insect produces a species-specific acoustic signal called a love song.
male courtship behavior, song production
male courtship behaviour, song production
male courtship behaviour, veined wing generated song production
negative regulation of female receptivity, post-mating
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.
downregulation of female receptivity, post-mating
down regulation of female receptivity, post-mating
down-regulation of female receptivity, post-mating
inhibition of female receptivity, post-mating
Catalysis of the cyclization of an epsilon ring at one end of the lycopene molecule (psi, psi-carotene) to form delta-carotene (epsilon, psi-carotene).
Catalysis of the cyclization of beta rings at one or both ends of the lycopene molecule (psi, psi-carotene) to form gamma-carotene or the bicyclic beta-carotene (beta, beta-carotene), respectively.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + uridine = ribofuranose + uracil.
delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase activity
Catalysis of the formation of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine from constituent amino acids and ATP in the presence of magnesium ions and dithioerythritol.
Catalysis of the reaction: isopenicillin N = penicillin N.
penicillin-N 5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl-epimerase activity
deacetoxycephalosporin-C hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + deacetoxycephalosporin C + O2 = CO2 + deacetylcephalosporin C + succinate.
deacetoxycephalosporin-C,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) activity
deacetoxycephalosporin C hydroxylase activity
deacetylcephalosporin C synthase activity
The regulated release of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into striated muscle fibers.
The process in which a mesodermal, bone marrow or neural crest cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.
The eukaryotic cell cycle in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy, occurring in the embryo.
Any process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to and maintained within the oocyte as part of the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
establishment and maintenance of bicoid mRNA localization
Any process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
establishment and maintenance of oskar mRNA localization in pole plasm
establishment and maintenance of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
oocyte pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
The process in which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products.
Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids ubiquitous in insects and other arthropods, in which they initiate post-embryonic development, including the metamorphosis of immature forms and the development of the reproductive system and the maturation of oocytes in adult females.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.
The regulated release of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.
Genetic recombination within the DNA of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA.
recombination within ribosomal DNA repeats
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide
The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide.
iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulphide
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the 3-O-acetylation of a trichothecene. Trichothecenes are sesquiterpene epoxide mycotoxins that act as potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R8 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R8 photoreceptor is the founding receptor of each ommatidium.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an R8 cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R8 photoreceptor.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R7 photoreceptor.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R7 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R7 photoreceptor is the last photoreceptor to develop in the ommatidium.
regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye
Any process that ensures that the R8 cells are selected in a precise progressive pattern so that they are evenly spaced throughout the eye disc.
negative regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye
Any process that stops or prevents the correct R8 cell spacing pattern in a compound eye.
R8 cell-mediated photoreceptor organization
The regionalization process that coordinates the recruitment and organization of other non-R8 photoreceptors by the R8 photoreceptor.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus.
obsolete response to ethanol (sensu Insecta)
OBSOLETE. A change in state or activity of an insect (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
obsolete response to ether (sensu Insecta)
OBSOLETE. A change in state or activity of an insect (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ether stimulus.
The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle.
Any apoptotic process in a nurse cell. During late oogenesis, following the transfer of substances from the nurse cells to the oocyte, nurse cell remnants are cleared from the egg chamber by apoptotic process.
nurse cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
programmed cell death of nurse cells by apoptosis
regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome, a large intracellular spectrin-rich structure found in insect germline cells and mammalian hematopoietic cells.
The recruitment of vesicles to the fusome. The vesicles become the fusome tubule network and are necessary for the assembly of the fusome.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + O2 = D-galacto-hexodialdose + hydrogen peroxide.
D-galactose:oxygen 6-oxidoreductase activity
6-endo-hydroxycineole dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-endo-hydroxycineole + NAD+ = 6-oxocineole + H+ + NADH.
6-endo-hydroxycineole:NAD+ 6-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + trichodiene.
trans,trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, trichodiene-forming)
trans,trans-farnesyl-diphosphate sesquiterpenoid-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = aristolochene + diphosphate.
2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, aristolochene-forming)
trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate aristolochene-lyase activity
trans,trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, aristolochene-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine = L-glutamate + allysine.
L-lysine:2-oxoglutarate 6-aminotransferase activity
L-lysine-alpha-ketoglutarate 6-aminotransferase activity
L-lysine-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase activity
lysine:2-ketoglutarate 6-aminotransferase activity
lysine epsilon-aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-6 double bond into the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain.
Catalysis of the reaction: naringenin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydrokaempferol + succinate + CO2.
flavanone,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
naringenin,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectin, a group of galacturonic acid-containing, water-soluble colloidal carbohydrates of high molecular weight and of net negative charge.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
Any process preventing the degeneration of the photoreceptor, a specialized cell type that is sensitive to light.
Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole (animal, vegetal, anterior, or posterior) of an oocyte, egg or early embryo.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia of the male over time, from formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia of the female over time, from formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sex comb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sex combs are the male specific chaetae located on the prothoracic tarsal segment of the prothoracic leg.
Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of that signal.
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to sevenless (sev; a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
regulation of sevenless signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
regulation of sevenless signalling pathway
Binding to a light chain of the dynein complex.
Binding to a heavy chain of the dynein complex.
Binding to an intermediate chain of the dynein complex.
Combining with interleukin-24 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-25 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-26 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-27 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
downregulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
down regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
down-regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
inhibition of cholesterol biosynthetic process
negative regulation of cholesterol anabolism
negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis
negative regulation of cholesterol formation
negative regulation of cholesterol synthesis
positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
activation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of cholesterol anabolism
positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis
positive regulation of cholesterol formation
positive regulation of cholesterol synthesis
stimulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
upregulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
up regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
up-regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
Catalysis of the reaction: a gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a 2-beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the oxidation of C-20 gibberellins to form the corresponding C-19 lactones.
Binding to syndecan, an integral membrane proteoglycan (250-300 kDa) associated largely with epithelial cells.
dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate in the cis-configuration to form dehydrodolichyl diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine = NH4 + trans-cinnamate.
9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + a 12'-apo-carotenal; 9-cis-violaxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6S)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al; and 9'-cis-neoxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6R)-5,6-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al.
9-cis-epoxycarotenoid 11,12-dioxygenase activity
nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the formation of phytyl group from the stepwise reduction of a geranylgeranyl group.
Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+ = cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+.
cinnamyl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin + NADP+ = (+)-dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+.
cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase activity
NADPH-dihydromyricetin reductase activity
obsolete TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
obsolete TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL-R1 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 1), which engages a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.
obsolete TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL-R2 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 2), which engages a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and mediates apoptosis via the intracellular adaptor molecule FADD/MORT1.
obsolete regulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
obsolete regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
obsolete regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
obsolete negative regulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
obsolete positive regulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
obsolete negative regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
obsolete positive regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
obsolete negative regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
obsolete positive regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Binding to TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand), a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand family that rapidly induces apoptosis in a variety of transformed cell lines.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of the imaginal disc.
negative regulation of imaginal disc growth
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.
positive regulation of imaginal disc growth
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
The change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.
The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
regulation of B lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of B-lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of B cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
downregulation of B cell differentiation
down regulation of B cell differentiation
down-regulation of B cell differentiation
negative regulation of B cell development
negative regulation of B-cell differentiation
negative regulation of B lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of B-lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of B cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
positive regulation of B cell development
positive regulation of B-cell differentiation
positive regulation of B lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of B-lymphocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
regulation of T lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of T-lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of T cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
downregulation of T cell differentiation
down regulation of T cell differentiation
down-regulation of T cell differentiation
negative regulation of T cell development
negative regulation of T-cell differentiation
negative regulation of T lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of T cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
positive regulation of T cell development
positive regulation of T-cell differentiation
positive regulation of T lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
regulation of cytotoxic T cell development
regulation of cytotoxic T-cell differentiation
regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
downregulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
down regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
down-regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
inhibition of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell development
negative regulation of cytotoxic T-cell differentiation
negative regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
activation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell development
positive regulation of cytotoxic T-cell differentiation
positive regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte differentiation
stimulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
upregulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
up regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
up-regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
regulation of gamma-delta T cell development
regulation of gamma-delta T-cell differentiation
regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
downregulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
down regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
down-regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
inhibition of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell development
negative regulation of gamma-delta T-cell differentiation
negative regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
activation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell development
positive regulation of gamma-delta T-cell differentiation
positive regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte differentiation
stimulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
upregulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
up regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
up-regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
regulation of regulatory T cell development
regulation of regulatory T-cell differentiation
regulation of regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of suppressor T cell differentiation
regulation of suppressor T-cell differentiation
regulation of suppressor T lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of suppressor T-lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
downregulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
down regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
down-regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
inhibition of regulatory T cell differentiation
negative regulation of regulatory T cell development
negative regulation of regulatory T-cell differentiation
negative regulation of regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of suppressor T cell differentiation
negative regulation of suppressor T-cell differentiation
positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
activation of regulatory T cell differentiation
positive regulation of regulatory T cell development
positive regulation of regulatory T-cell differentiation
positive regulation of regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of suppressor T cell differentiation
positive regulation of suppressor T-cell differentiation
stimulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
upregulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
up regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
up-regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
regulation of cumulus cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
regulation of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation
negative regulation of cumulus cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
downregulation of cumulus cell differentiation
down regulation of cumulus cell differentiation
down-regulation of cumulus cell differentiation
inhibition of cumulus cell differentiation
negative regulation of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation
positive regulation of cumulus cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
activation of cumulus cell differentiation
positive regulation of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation
stimulation of cumulus cell differentiation
upregulation of cumulus cell differentiation
up regulation of cumulus cell differentiation
up-regulation of cumulus cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features.
negative regulation of cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
positive regulation of cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
regulation of adipocyte cell differentiation
negative regulation of fat cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
downregulation of fat cell differentiation
down regulation of fat cell differentiation
down-regulation of fat cell differentiation
negative regulation of adipocyte cell differentiation
negative regulation of adipocyte differentiation
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
positive regulation of adipocyte cell differentiation
positive regulation of adipocyte differentiation
upregulation of fat cell differentiation
up regulation of fat cell differentiation
up-regulation of fat cell differentiation
regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
downregulation of endothelial cell differentiation
down regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
down-regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
inhibition of endothelial cell differentiation
positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
activation of endothelial cell differentiation
stimulation of endothelial cell differentiation
upregulation of endothelial cell differentiation
up regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
up-regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
regulation of epidermal cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
regulation of hypodermal cell differentiation
negative regulation of epidermal cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
downregulation of epidermal cell differentiation
down regulation of epidermal cell differentiation
down-regulation of epidermal cell differentiation
inhibition of epidermal cell differentiation
negative regulation of hypodermal cell differentiation
positive regulation of epidermal cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
activation of epidermal cell differentiation
positive regulation of hypodermal cell differentiation
stimulation of epidermal cell differentiation
upregulation of epidermal cell differentiation
up regulation of epidermal cell differentiation
up-regulation of epidermal cell differentiation
regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
regulation of auditory hair cell differentiation
regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
negative regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
downregulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
down regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
down-regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
inhibition of auditory receptor cell differentiation
negative regulation of auditory hair cell differentiation
negative regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
positive regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
activation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
positive regulation of auditory hair cell differentiation
positive regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
stimulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
upregulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
up regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
up-regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
regulation of arthropod blood cell differentiation
negative regulation of hemocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
downregulation of hemocyte differentiation
down regulation of hemocyte differentiation
down-regulation of hemocyte differentiation
negative regulation of arthropod blood cell differentiation
positive regulation of hemocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
positive regulation of arthropod blood cell differentiation
upregulation of hemocyte differentiation
up regulation of hemocyte differentiation
up-regulation of hemocyte differentiation
regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
negative regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
downregulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
down regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
down-regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
inhibition of plasmatocyte differentiation
positive regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
activation of plasmatocyte differentiation
stimulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
upregulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
up regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
up-regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
regulation of keratinocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
negative regulation of keratinocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
downregulation of keratinocyte differentiation
down regulation of keratinocyte differentiation
down-regulation of keratinocyte differentiation
inhibition of keratinocyte differentiation
positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
activation of keratinocyte differentiation
stimulation of keratinocyte differentiation
upregulation of keratinocyte differentiation
up regulation of keratinocyte differentiation
up-regulation of keratinocyte differentiation
regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
negative regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
downregulation of lymphocyte differentiation
down regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
down-regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
inhibition of lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of lymphocyte development
positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
activation of lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of lymphocyte development
stimulation of lymphocyte differentiation
upregulation of lymphocyte differentiation
up regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
up-regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of T-helper cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
negative regulation of T-helper cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
downregulation of T-helper cell differentiation
down regulation of T-helper cell differentiation
down-regulation of T-helper cell differentiation
inhibition of T-helper cell differentiation
negative regulation of T-helper cell development
positive regulation of T-helper cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
activation of T-helper cell differentiation
positive regulation of T-helper cell development
stimulation of T-helper cell differentiation
upregulation of T-helper cell differentiation
up regulation of T-helper cell differentiation
up-regulation of T-helper cell differentiation
regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
regulation of T-helper 1 cell development
negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
downregulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
down regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
down-regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
inhibition of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell development
positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
activation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell development
stimulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
upregulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
up regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
up-regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
regulation of T-helper 2 cell development
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
downregulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
down regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
down-regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
inhibition of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell development
positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
activation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell development
stimulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
upregulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
up regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
up-regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
negative regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
downregulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
down regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
down-regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
inhibition of mechanoreceptor differentiation
positive regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
activation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
stimulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
upregulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
up regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
up-regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
regulation of melanocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
regulation of melanophore differentiation
negative regulation of melanocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
downregulation of melanocyte differentiation
down regulation of melanocyte differentiation
down-regulation of melanocyte differentiation
inhibition of melanocyte differentiation
negative regulation of melanophore differentiation
positive regulation of melanocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
activation of melanocyte differentiation
positive regulation of melanophore differentiation
stimulation of melanocyte differentiation
upregulation of melanocyte differentiation
up regulation of melanocyte differentiation
up-regulation of melanocyte differentiation
regulation of myeloid cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
downregulation of myeloid cell differentiation
down regulation of myeloid cell differentiation
down-regulation of myeloid cell differentiation
inhibition of myeloid cell differentiation
positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
activation of myeloid cell differentiation
stimulation of myeloid cell differentiation
upregulation of myeloid cell differentiation
up regulation of myeloid cell differentiation
up-regulation of myeloid cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
negative regulation of basophil differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
downregulation of basophil differentiation
down regulation of basophil differentiation
down-regulation of basophil differentiation
positive regulation of basophil differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
upregulation of basophil differentiation
up regulation of basophil differentiation
up-regulation of basophil differentiation
regulation of eosinophil differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
negative regulation of eosinophil differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
downregulation of eosinophil differentiation
down regulation of eosinophil differentiation
down-regulation of eosinophil differentiation
inhibition of eosinophil differentiation
positive regulation of eosinophil differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
activation of eosinophil differentiation
stimulation of eosinophil differentiation
upregulation of eosinophil differentiation
up regulation of eosinophil differentiation
up-regulation of eosinophil differentiation
regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
regulation of red blood cell differentiation
negative regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
downregulation of erythrocyte differentiation
down regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
down-regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
inhibition of erythrocyte differentiation
negative regulation of RBC differentiation
negative regulation of red blood cell differentiation
positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
activation of erythrocyte differentiation
positive regulation of RBC differentiation
positive regulation of red blood cell differentiation
stimulation of erythrocyte differentiation
upregulation of erythrocyte differentiation
up regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
up-regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
regulation of macrophage differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
negative regulation of macrophage differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
downregulation of macrophage differentiation
down regulation of macrophage differentiation
down-regulation of macrophage differentiation
inhibition of macrophage differentiation
positive regulation of macrophage differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
activation of macrophage differentiation
stimulation of macrophage differentiation
upregulation of macrophage differentiation
up regulation of macrophage differentiation
up-regulation of macrophage differentiation
regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
downregulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
down regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
down-regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
inhibition of megakaryocyte differentiation
positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
activation of megakaryocyte differentiation
stimulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
upregulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
up regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
up-regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
negative regulation of monocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
downregulation of monocyte differentiation
down regulation of monocyte differentiation
down-regulation of monocyte differentiation
positive regulation of monocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
upregulation of monocyte differentiation
up regulation of monocyte differentiation
up-regulation of monocyte differentiation
regulation of neutrophil differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
negative regulation of neutrophil differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
downregulation of neutrophil differentiation
down regulation of neutrophil differentiation
down-regulation of neutrophil differentiation
inhibition of neutrophil differentiation
positive regulation of neutrophil differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
activation of neutrophil differentiation
stimulation of neutrophil differentiation
upregulation of neutrophil differentiation
up regulation of neutrophil differentiation
up-regulation of neutrophil differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
negative regulation of myoblast differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
downregulation of myoblast differentiation
down regulation of myoblast differentiation
down-regulation of myoblast differentiation
positive regulation of myoblast differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
upregulation of myoblast differentiation
up regulation of myoblast differentiation
up-regulation of myoblast differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
negative regulation of neuron differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
downregulation of neuron differentiation
down regulation of neuron differentiation
down-regulation of neuron differentiation
positive regulation of neuron differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
regulation of osteoblast differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
downregulation of osteoblast differentiation
down regulation of osteoblast differentiation
down-regulation of osteoblast differentiation
inhibition of osteoblast differentiation
positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
activation of osteoblast differentiation
stimulation of osteoblast differentiation
upregulation of osteoblast differentiation
up regulation of osteoblast differentiation
up-regulation of osteoblast differentiation
regulation of osteoclast differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
downregulation of osteoclast differentiation
down regulation of osteoclast differentiation
down-regulation of osteoclast differentiation
inhibition of osteoclast differentiation
positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
activation of osteoclast differentiation
stimulation of osteoclast differentiation
upregulation of osteoclast differentiation
up regulation of osteoclast differentiation
up-regulation of osteoclast differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R7 differentiation.
negative regulation of R7 cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7cell differentiation.
negative regulation of R7 differentiation
positive regulation of R7 cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell differentiation.
positive regulation of R7 differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R8 differentiation.
negative regulation of R8 cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
negative regulation of R8 differentiation
positive regulation of R8 cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
positive regulation of R8 differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
negative regulation of epidermis development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
down regulation of epidermis development
down-regulation of epidermis development
negative regulation of epidermal development
negative regulation of hypodermis development
positive regulation of epidermis development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
positive regulation of epidermal development
positive regulation of hypodermis development
regulation of glial cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
negative regulation of glial cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
downregulation of glial cell differentiation
down regulation of glial cell differentiation
down-regulation of glial cell differentiation
inhibition of glial cell differentiation
negative regulation of glia cell differentiation
negative regulation of neuroglia differentiation
positive regulation of glial cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
activation of glial cell differentiation
positive regulation of glia cell differentiation
positive regulation of neuroglia differentiation
stimulation of glial cell differentiation
upregulation of glial cell differentiation
up regulation of glial cell differentiation
up-regulation of glial cell differentiation
regulation of antipodal cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
negative regulation of antipodal cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
downregulation of antipodal cell differentiation
down regulation of antipodal cell differentiation
down-regulation of antipodal cell differentiation
inhibition of antipodal cell differentiation
positive regulation of antipodal cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
activation of antipodal cell differentiation
stimulation of antipodal cell differentiation
upregulation of antipodal cell differentiation
up regulation of antipodal cell differentiation
up-regulation of antipodal cell differentiation
regulation of embryo sac central cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of female gametophyte central cell differentiation.
regulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
negative regulation of embryo sac central cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
downregulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
down regulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
down-regulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
inhibition of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
negative regulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
positive regulation of embryo sac central cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
activation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
positive regulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
stimulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
upregulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
up regulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
up-regulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
regulation of embryo sac egg cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
regulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
negative regulation of embryo sac egg cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
downregulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
down regulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
down-regulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
inhibition of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
negative regulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
positive regulation of embryo sac egg cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
activation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
positive regulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
stimulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
upregulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
up regulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
up-regulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
regulation of synergid cell differentiation
negative regulation of synergid differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
downregulation of synergid differentiation
down regulation of synergid differentiation
down-regulation of synergid differentiation
negative regulation of synergid cell differentiation
positive regulation of synergid differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
positive regulation of synergid cell differentiation
upregulation of synergid differentiation
up regulation of synergid differentiation
up-regulation of synergid differentiation
regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
negative regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
downregulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
down regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
down-regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
inhibition of spermatid nuclear differentiation
positive regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
activation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
stimulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
upregulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
up regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
up-regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
Catalysis of the reduction of a ketone group to form the corresponding alcohol.
regulation of salivary gland boundary specification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
regulation of salivary gland determination
negative regulation of salivary gland boundary specification
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
downregulation of salivary gland determination
down regulation of salivary gland determination
down-regulation of salivary gland determination
inhibition of salivary gland determination
negative regulation of salivary gland determination
positive regulation of salivary gland boundary specification
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
activation of salivary gland determination
positive regulation of salivary gland determination
stimulation of salivary gland determination
upregulation of salivary gland determination
up regulation of salivary gland determination
up-regulation of salivary gland determination
regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
regulation of adult salivary gland determination
regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
regulation of larval salivary gland determination
negative regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
downregulation of adult salivary gland determination
down regulation of adult salivary gland determination
down-regulation of adult salivary gland determination
inhibition of adult salivary gland determination
negative regulation of adult salivary gland determination
negative regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
downregulation of larval salivary gland determination
down regulation of larval salivary gland determination
down-regulation of larval salivary gland determination
inhibition of larval salivary gland determination
negative regulation of larval salivary gland determination
positive regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
activation of adult salivary gland determination
positive regulation of adult salivary gland determination
stimulation of adult salivary gland determination
upregulation of adult salivary gland determination
up regulation of adult salivary gland determination
up-regulation of adult salivary gland determination
positive regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
activation of larval salivary gland determination
positive regulation of larval salivary gland determination
stimulation of larval salivary gland determination
upregulation of larval salivary gland determination
up regulation of larval salivary gland determination
up-regulation of larval salivary gland determination
obsolete low-density lipoprotein particle receptor biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors, cell surface proteins that mediate the endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particles by cells.
obsolete regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
obsolete negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
obsolete positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
downregulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
down regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
down-regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
inhibition of fatty acid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of fatty acid anabolism
negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis
negative regulation of fatty acid formation
negative regulation of fatty acid synthesis
obsolete negative regulation of flagellum assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a flagellum.
negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
downregulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
down regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
down-regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
inhibition of glycogen biosynthetic process
negative regulation of glycogen anabolism
negative regulation of glycogen biosynthesis
negative regulation of glycogen formation
negative regulation of glycogen synthesis
negative regulation of integrin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
downregulation of integrin biosynthetic process
down regulation of integrin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of integrin biosynthetic process
inhibition of integrin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of integrin anabolism
negative regulation of integrin biosynthesis
negative regulation of integrin formation
negative regulation of integrin synthesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
activation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
positive regulation of fatty acid anabolism
positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis
positive regulation of fatty acid formation
positive regulation of fatty acid synthesis
stimulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
upregulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
up regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
up-regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium.
positive regulation of flagellum assembly
positive regulation of flagellum biogenesis
positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
activation of glycogen biosynthetic process
positive regulation of glycogen anabolism
positive regulation of glycogen biosynthesis
positive regulation of glycogen formation
positive regulation of glycogen synthesis
stimulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
upregulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
up regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
up-regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
positive regulation of integrin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
activation of integrin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of integrin anabolism
positive regulation of integrin biosynthesis
positive regulation of integrin formation
positive regulation of integrin synthesis
stimulation of integrin biosynthetic process
upregulation of integrin biosynthetic process
up regulation of integrin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of integrin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.
activation of protein biosynthetic process
positive regulation of protein anabolism
positive regulation of protein biosynthesis
positive regulation of protein biosynthetic process
positive regulation of protein formation
positive regulation of protein synthesis
stimulation of protein biosynthetic process
upregulation of protein biosynthetic process
up regulation of protein biosynthetic process
up-regulation of protein biosynthetic process
A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages shortly after phagocytosing material. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, which play a part in microbiocidal activity.
The phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs at fertilization. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. Capacitation, a necessary prerequisite event to successful fertilization, can be induced by reactive oxygen species in vitro; hydrogen peroxide is used as an extracellular oxidant to cross-link the protective surface envelopes.
A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
positive regulation of protein catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
activation of cellular protein breakdown
activation of cellular protein catabolic process
activation of cellular protein catabolism
activation of cellular protein degradation
positive regulation of cellular protein breakdown
positive regulation of cellular protein catabolic process
positive regulation of cellular protein catabolism
positive regulation of cellular protein degradation
positive regulation of cyclin catabolic process
positive regulation of cyclin catabolism
positive regulation of cyclin degradation
positive regulation of degradation of cyclin
positive regulation of protein breakdown
positive regulation of protein catabolism
positive regulation of protein degradation
stimulation of protein catabolic process
upregulation of cellular protein breakdown
up regulation of cellular protein breakdown
up-regulation of cellular protein breakdown
upregulation of cellular protein catabolic process
up regulation of cellular protein catabolic process
up-regulation of cellular protein catabolic process
upregulation of cellular protein catabolism
up regulation of cellular protein catabolism
up-regulation of cellular protein catabolism
upregulation of cellular protein degradation
up regulation of cellular protein degradation
up-regulation of cellular protein degradation
upregulation of protein catabolic process
up regulation of protein catabolic process
up-regulation of protein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
Functions in the storage of nutritious substrates.
negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.
activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
stimulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
upregulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
up regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
up-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity.
activation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
positive regulation of EGF receptor activity
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
stimulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
up regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of EGFR signaling pathway
stimulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of FGF receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of FGF receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of FGFR signaling pathway
stimulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.
downregulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
down regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
down-regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
inhibition of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
negative regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway
negative regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway
negative regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
negative regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
negative regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.
activation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
positive regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway
positive regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway
positive regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
positive regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
positive regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
positive regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
stimulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
upregulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
up regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
up-regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
downregulation of Notch signaling pathway
down regulation of Notch signaling pathway
down-regulation of Notch signaling pathway
negative regulation of Notch signalling pathway
negative regulation of N signaling pathway
negative regulation of N signalling pathway
positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
positive regulation of Notch signalling pathway
positive regulation of N signaling pathway
positive regulation of N signalling pathway
up regulation of Notch signaling pathway
up-regulation of Notch signaling pathway
positive regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye
Any process that activates or enforces the correct R8 cell spacing in a compound eye.
obsolete negative regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of S phase of mitotic cell cycle activity.
obsolete positive regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of S phase of mitotic cell cycle activity.
negative regulation of Toll signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
downregulation of Toll signaling pathway
down regulation of Toll signaling pathway
down-regulation of Toll signaling pathway
negative regulation of Tl signaling pathway
negative regulation of Tl signalling pathway
positive regulation of Toll signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
positive regulation of Tl signaling pathway
positive regulation of Tl signalling pathway
negative regulation of acetate catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
downregulation of acetate catabolic process
down regulation of acetate catabolic process
down-regulation of acetate catabolic process
negative regulation of acetate breakdown
negative regulation of acetate catabolism
negative regulation of acetate degradation
positive regulation of acetate catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
positive regulation of acetate breakdown
positive regulation of acetate catabolism
positive regulation of acetate degradation
stimulation of acetate catabolic process
upregulation of acetate catabolic process
up regulation of acetate catabolic process
up-regulation of acetate catabolic process
negative regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
Any process that stops or prevents the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
downregulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
down regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
down-regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
inhibition of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
negative regulation of initiation of acetate breakdown by acetate
negative regulation of initiation of acetate degradation by acetate
positive regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
activation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
positive regulation of initiation of acetate breakdown by acetate
positive regulation of initiation of acetate degradation by acetate
stimulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
upregulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
up regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
up-regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
obsolete negative regulation of actin polymerization and/or depolymerization
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization and/or depolymerization.
obsolete positive regulation of actin polymerization and/or depolymerization
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization and/or depolymerization.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
positive regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity
stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity
upregulation of adenylate cyclase activity
up regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
up-regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
negative regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
downregulation of amino acid metabolic process
down regulation of amino acid metabolic process
down-regulation of amino acid metabolic process
inhibition of amino acid metabolic process
negative regulation of amino acid metabolism
positive regulation of amino acid metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
activation of amino acid metabolic process
positive regulation of amino acid metabolism
positive regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process
stimulation of amino acid metabolic process
upregulation of amino acid metabolic process
up regulation of amino acid metabolic process
up-regulation of amino acid metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.
Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anti-apoptosis.
obsolete positive regulation of anti-apoptosis
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anti-apoptosis.
negative regulation of asymmetric cell division
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
downregulation of asymmetric cell division
down regulation of asymmetric cell division
down-regulation of asymmetric cell division
positive regulation of asymmetric cell division
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
upregulation of asymmetric cell division
up regulation of asymmetric cell division
up-regulation of asymmetric cell division
negative regulation of autophagosome size
Any process that reduces autophagosome size.
downregulation of autophagic vacuole size
down regulation of autophagic vacuole size
down-regulation of autophagic vacuole size
negative regulation of autophagic vacuole size
positive regulation of autophagosome size
Any process that increases autophagosome size.
positive regulation of autophagic vacuole size
up regulation of autophagic vacuole size
up-regulation of autophagic vacuole size
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension.
negative regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
downregulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
down regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
inhibition of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of beta 2 integrin anabolism
negative regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthesis
negative regulation of beta 2 integrin formation
negative regulation of beta 2 integrin synthesis
positive regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
activation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of beta 2 integrin anabolism
positive regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthesis
positive regulation of beta 2 integrin formation
positive regulation of beta 2 integrin synthesis
stimulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
upregulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
up regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
positive regulation of bone biosynthesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
obsolete negative regulation of calcium in ER
OBSOLETE. Any process that reduces the concentration of calcium in the ER.
obsolete positive regulation of calcium in ER
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the concentration of calcium in the ER.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
downregulation of progression through cell cycle
down regulation of progression through cell cycle
down-regulation of progression through cell cycle
inhibition of progression through cell cycle
negative regulation of cell cycle progression
negative regulation of progression through cell cycle
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
activation of progression through cell cycle
positive regulation of cell cycle progression
positive regulation of progression through cell cycle
stimulation of progression through cell cycle
upregulation of progression through cell cycle
up regulation of progression through cell cycle
up-regulation of progression through cell cycle
negative regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.
downregulation of cholesterol absorption
down regulation of cholesterol absorption
down-regulation of cholesterol absorption
positive regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.
negative regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
negative regulation of cuticle hardening
positive regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
positive regulation of cuticle hardening
obsolete negative regulation of cytoskeleton
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the organization, biogenesis or maintenance of the cytoskeleton.
obsolete positive regulation of cytoskeleton
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the organization, biogenesis or maintenance of the cytoskeleton.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
negative regulation of establishment of competence for transformation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
downregulation of establishment of competence for transformation
down regulation of establishment of competence for transformation
down-regulation of establishment of competence for transformation
inhibition of establishment of competence for transformation
inhibitor of the establishment of competence for transformation activity
positive regulation of establishment of competence for transformation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
activation of establishment of competence for transformation
activator of the establishment of competence for transformation activity
stimulation of establishment of competence for transformation
upregulation of establishment of competence for transformation
up regulation of establishment of competence for transformation
up-regulation of establishment of competence for transformation
negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
downregulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
down regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
down-regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
inhibition of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
negative regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
negative regulation of frizzled-2 signalling pathway
negative regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
activation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
positive regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
positive regulation of frizzled-2 signalling pathway
positive regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
stimulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
upregulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
up regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
up-regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
An epigenetic process that silences gene expression at specific genomic regions through chromatin remodelling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or the DNA.
downregulation of gene expression, epigenetic
down regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
down-regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
inhibition of gene expression, epigenetic
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling
An epigenetic mechanism of regulation of gene expression that involves chromatin remodeling to capacitate gene expression by either modifying the chromatin fiber, the nucleosomal histones, or the DNA.
activation of gene expression, epigenetic
chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription
epigenetic maintenance of chromatin in transcription-competent conformation
long-term maintenance of gene activation
maintenance of chromatin in transcription-competent conformation
positive regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
stimulation of gene expression, epigenetic
transciptional initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling
transcriptional initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling
transcription initiation coupled chromatin remodeling
upregulation of gene expression, epigenetic
up regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
up-regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
downregulation of glycogen catabolic process
down regulation of glycogen catabolic process
down-regulation of glycogen catabolic process
inhibition of glycogen catabolic process
negative regulation of glycogen breakdown
negative regulation of glycogen catabolism
negative regulation of glycogen degradation
positive regulation of glycogen catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
activation of glycogen catabolic process
positive regulation of glycogen breakdown
positive regulation of glycogen catabolism
positive regulation of glycogen degradation
stimulation of glycogen catabolic process
upregulation of glycogen catabolic process
up regulation of glycogen catabolic process
up-regulation of glycogen catabolic process
negative regulation of glycolytic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
positive regulation of glycolytic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
negative regulation of heart contraction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
negative regulation of cardiac contraction
positive regulation of heart contraction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
positive regulation of cardiac contraction
negative regulation of innate immune response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response.
downregulation of innate immune response
down regulation of innate immune response
down-regulation of innate immune response
obsolete negative regulation of intermediate filament polymerization and/or depolymerization
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament polymerization and/or depolymerization.
obsolete positive regulation of intermediate filament polymerization and/or depolymerization
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament polymerization and/or depolymerization.
negative regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
downregulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
down regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
down-regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
inhibition of isoprenoid metabolic process
negative regulation of isoprenoid metabolism
positive regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
activation of isoprenoid metabolic process
positive regulation of isoprenoid metabolism
stimulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
upregulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
up regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
up-regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
negative regulation of isotype switching
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
negative regulation of class switch recombination
negative regulation of isotype switch recombination
positive regulation of isotype switching
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
positive regulation of class switch recombination
positive regulation of isotype switch recombination
negative regulation of light-activated channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
downregulation of light-activated channel activity
down regulation of light-activated channel activity
down-regulation of light-activated channel activity
inhibition of light-activated channel activity
positive regulation of light-activated channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
activation of light-activated channel activity
stimulation of light-activated channel activity
upregulation of light-activated channel activity
up regulation of light-activated channel activity
up-regulation of light-activated channel activity
negative regulation of lipid metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
downregulation of lipid metabolic process
down regulation of lipid metabolic process
down-regulation of lipid metabolic process
positive regulation of lipid metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
up regulation of lipid metabolic process
up-regulation of lipid metabolic process
negative regulation of meiotic nuclear division
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
positive regulation of meiotic nuclear division
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
negative regulation of membrane potential
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
positive regulation of membrane potential
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
negative regulation of mitotic nuclear division
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother.
positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
negative regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
downregulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
down regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
down-regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
inhibition of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
positive regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
activation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
stimulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
upregulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
up regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
up-regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
negative regulation of striated muscle tissue development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
downregulation of striated muscle development
down regulation of striated muscle development
down-regulation of striated muscle development
inhibition of striated muscle development
positive regulation of striated muscle tissue development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
activation of striated muscle development
stimulation of striated muscle development
upregulation of striated muscle development
up regulation of striated muscle development
up-regulation of striated muscle development
negative regulation of nitrogen utilization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
positive regulation of nitrogen utilization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
negative regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
negative regulation of nurse cell apoptosis
positive regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
positive regulation of nurse cell apoptosis
Any process that reduces the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
Any process that increases the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
negative regulation of bicoid mRNA localization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
downregulation of bicoid mRNA localization
down regulation of bicoid mRNA localization
down-regulation of bicoid mRNA localization
negative regulation of bicoid mRNA localisation
positive regulation of bicoid mRNA localization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
positive regulation of bicoid mRNA localisation
upregulation of bicoid mRNA localization
up regulation of bicoid mRNA localization
up-regulation of bicoid mRNA localization
negative regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
downregulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
down regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
down-regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
inhibition of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
negative regulation of oocyte pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
negative regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localisation
positive regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
activation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
positive regulation of oocyte pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
positive regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localisation
stimulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
upregulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
up regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
up-regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
obsolete negative regulation of molecular function, epigenetic
OBSOLETE. Any heritable epigenetic process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
obsolete positive regulation of molecular function, epigenetic
OBSOLETE. Any heritable epigenetic process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
positive regulation of protein kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
up regulation of protein kinase activity
up-regulation of protein kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
negative regulation of pteridine metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
downregulation of pteridine metabolic process
down regulation of pteridine metabolic process
down-regulation of pteridine metabolic process
inhibition of pteridine metabolic process
negative regulation of pteridine metabolism
positive regulation of pteridine metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
activation of pteridine metabolic process
positive regulation of pteridine metabolism
stimulation of pteridine metabolic process
upregulation of pteridine metabolic process
up regulation of pteridine metabolic process
up-regulation of pteridine metabolic process
obsolete regulation of recombination within rDNA repeats
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of genetic recombination within the DNA of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA.
obsolete positive regulation of recombination within rDNA repeats
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of genetic recombination within the DNA of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA.
negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate.
downregulation of retroviral genome replication
down regulation of retroviral genome replication
down-regulation of retroviral genome replication
inhibition of retroviral genome replication
negative regulation of retroviral genome replication
positive regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retroviral genome replication.
activation of retroviral genome replication
positive regulation of retroviral genome replication
stimulation of retroviral genome replication
upregulation of retroviral genome replication
up regulation of retroviral genome replication
up-regulation of retroviral genome replication
obsolete negative regulation of rhodopsin gene expression
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
obsolete positive regulation of rhodopsin gene expression
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
negative regulation of sevenless signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
downregulation of sevenless signaling pathway
down regulation of sevenless signaling pathway
down-regulation of sevenless signaling pathway
inhibition of sevenless signaling pathway
negative regulation of sevenless signalling pathway
negative regulation of sev signaling pathway
positive regulation of sevenless signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
activation of sevenless signaling pathway
positive regulation of sevenless signalling pathway
positive regulation of sev signaling pathway
stimulation of sevenless signaling pathway
upregulation of sevenless signaling pathway
up regulation of sevenless signaling pathway
up-regulation of sevenless signaling pathway
negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.
downregulation of sister chromatid cohesion
down regulation of sister chromatid cohesion
down-regulation of sister chromatid cohesion
positive regulation of sister chromatid cohesion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.
stimulation of sister chromatid cohesion
upregulation of sister chromatid cohesion
up regulation of sister chromatid cohesion
up-regulation of sister chromatid cohesion
negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
downregulation of smoothened signaling pathway
down regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
down-regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
inhibition of smoothened signaling pathway
negative regulation of hedgehog signaling pathway
negative regulation of hh signaling pathway
negative regulation of smoothened activity
negative regulation of smoothened by patched
negative regulation of smoothened receptor activity by patched
negative regulation of smoothened signalling pathway
positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
activation of smoothened signaling pathway
positive regulation of hedgehog signaling pathway
positive regulation of hh signaling pathway
positive regulation of smoothened by patched
positive regulation of smoothened receptor activity by patched
positive regulation of smoothened signalling pathway
stimulation of smoothened signaling pathway
upregulation of smoothened signaling pathway
up regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
up-regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
positive regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation.
negative regulation of sulfur utilization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.
negative regulation of sulphur utilization
positive regulation of sulfur utilization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.
positive regulation of sulphur utilization
obsolete regulation of survival gene product expression
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of survival gene product expression; survival gene products are those that antagonize the apoptotic program. Regulation can be at the transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational level.
obsolete positive regulation of survival gene product expression
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of survival gene product expression; survival gene products are those that antagonize the apoptotic program. Regulation can be at the transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational level.
negative regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction.
downregulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
down regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
down-regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
inhibition of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
negative regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
positive regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction.
activation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
positive regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
stimulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
upregulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
up regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
up-regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
obsolete regulation of transcription of homeotic gene (Polycomb group)
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of homeotic genes of the Polycomb group.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription of homeotic gene (Polycomb group)
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of homeotic genes of the Polycomb group.
obsolete regulation of transcription of homeotic gene (trithorax group)
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of homeotic genes of the trithorax group.
obsolete negative regulation of transcription of homeotic gene (trithorax group)
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of homeotic genes of the trithorax group.
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
downregulation of gene-specific transcription
down regulation of gene-specific transcription
down-regulation of gene-specific transcription
downregulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
down regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
down-regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
inhibition of gene-specific transcription
inhibition of transcription, DNA-dependent
negative regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent
negative regulation of gene-specific transcription
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
activation of gene-specific transcription
activation of transcription, DNA-dependent
positive regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent
positive regulation of gene-specific transcription
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
stimulation of gene-specific transcription
stimulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
upregulation of gene-specific transcription
up regulation of gene-specific transcription
up-regulation of gene-specific transcription
upregulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
up regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
up-regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
negative regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-templated
Any mating-type specific process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
downregulation of transcription, mating-type specific
down regulation of transcription, mating-type specific
down-regulation of transcription, mating-type specific
inhibition of transcription, mating-type specific
negative regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-dependent
positive regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-templated
Any mating-type specific process that activates or increases the rate of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
activation of transcription, mating-type specific
positive regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-dependent
stimulation of transcription, mating-type specific
upregulation of transcription, mating-type specific
up regulation of transcription, mating-type specific
up-regulation of transcription, mating-type specific
obsolete regulation of transcription during mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription during mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.
regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional pre-initiation complex assembly
regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional pre-initiation complex biosynthesis
regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex formation
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.
activation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional pre-initiation complex assembly
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional pre-initiation complex biosynthesis
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex formation
stimulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
upregulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
up regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
up-regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
negative regulation of translational elongation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation.
downregulation of translational elongation
down regulation of translational elongation
down-regulation of translational elongation
positive regulation of translational elongation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation.
upregulation of translational elongation
up regulation of translational elongation
up-regulation of translational elongation
negative regulation of translational fidelity
Any process that decreases the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.
downregulation of translational fidelity
down regulation of translational fidelity
down-regulation of translational fidelity
positive regulation of translational fidelity
Any process that increases the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.
negative regulation of translational termination
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination.
downregulation of translational termination
down regulation of translational termination
down-regulation of translational termination
positive regulation of translational termination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination.
stimulation of translational termination
upregulation of translational termination
up regulation of translational termination
up-regulation of translational termination
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.
negative regulation of DNA recombination
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination.
positive regulation of DNA recombination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination.
negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate.
downregulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
down regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
down-regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
inhibition of carbohydrate metabolic process
negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolism
positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate.
activation of carbohydrate metabolic process
positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolism
stimulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
upregulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
up regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
up-regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
negative regulation of catecholamine metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine.
downregulation of catecholamine metabolic process
down regulation of catecholamine metabolic process
down-regulation of catecholamine metabolic process
inhibition of catecholamine metabolic process
negative regulation of catecholamine metabolism
positive regulation of catecholamine metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine.
activation of catecholamine metabolic process
positive regulation of catecholamine metabolism
stimulation of catecholamine metabolic process
upregulation of catecholamine metabolic process
up regulation of catecholamine metabolic process
up-regulation of catecholamine metabolic process
negative regulation of complement activation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.
down regulation of complement activation
down-regulation of complement activation
negative regulation of complement cascade
positive regulation of complement activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.
positive regulation of complement cascade
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.
negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.
downregulation of fatty acid metabolic process
down regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
down-regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
inhibition of fatty acid metabolic process
negative regulation of fatty acid metabolism
positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.
activation of fatty acid metabolic process
positive regulation of fatty acid metabolism
stimulation of fatty acid metabolic process
upregulation of fatty acid metabolic process
up regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
up-regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the willingness or readiness of a female to receive male advances.
positive regulation of female receptivity
Any process that activates or increases the receptiveness of a female to male advances.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism.
negative regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormone.
downregulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
down regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
down-regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
inhibition of juvenile hormone metabolic process
negative regulation of juvenile hormone metabolism
positive regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormone.
activation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
positive regulation of juvenile hormone metabolism
stimulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
upregulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
up regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
up-regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.
downregulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
down regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
inhibition of progression through mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression
negative regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.
activation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression
positive regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
stimulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
up regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of muscle contraction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
positive regulation of muscle contraction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process
Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
downregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
down regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
down-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
inhibition of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process
Any cellular process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
activation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
stimulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
upregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
up regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
up-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates.
downregulation of phosphate metabolic process
down regulation of phosphate metabolic process
down-regulation of phosphate metabolic process
inhibition of phosphate metabolic process
negative regulation of phosphate metabolism
positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates.
activation of phosphate metabolic process
positive regulation of phosphate metabolism
stimulation of phosphate metabolic process
upregulation of phosphate metabolic process
up regulation of phosphate metabolic process
up-regulation of phosphate metabolic process
positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.
activation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
stimulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
upregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
up regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
up-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
negative regulation of steroid metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.
downregulation of steroid metabolic process
down regulation of steroid metabolic process
down-regulation of steroid metabolic process
negative regulation of steroid metabolism
positive regulation of steroid metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.
positive regulation of steroid metabolism
stimulation of steroid metabolic process
upregulation of steroid metabolic process
up regulation of steroid metabolic process
up-regulation of steroid metabolic process
negative regulation of phosphorus utilization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorus utilization.
downregulation of phosphorus utilization
down regulation of phosphorus utilization
down-regulation of phosphorus utilization
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I.
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
positive regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global
stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III.
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
positive regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
negative regulation of translational initiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.
downregulation of translational initiation
down regulation of translational initiation
down-regulation of translational initiation
positive regulation of translational initiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.
upregulation of translational initiation
up regulation of translational initiation
up-regulation of translational initiation
positive regulation of phosphorus utilization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorus utilization.
negative regulation of mitotic recombination
Any process that inhibits or decreases the rate of DNA recombination during mitosis.
down regulation of mitotic recombination
down-regulation of mitotic recombination
negative regulation of recombination within rDNA repeats
positive regulation of mitotic recombination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.
positive regulation of recombination within rDNA repeats
regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormone.
regulation of juvenile hormone breakdown
regulation of juvenile hormone catabolism
regulation of juvenile hormone degradation
negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer mediated cytotoxicity.
downregulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
down regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
down-regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
inhibition of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell death
negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell killing
negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytolysis
negative regulation of NK cell mediated cell death
negative regulation of NK cell mediated cell killing
negative regulation of NK cell mediated cytolysis
negative regulation of NK cell mediated cytotoxicity
positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.
activation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell death
positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell killing
positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytolysis
positive regulation of NK cell mediated cell death
positive regulation of NK cell mediated cell killing
positive regulation of NK cell mediated cytolysis
positive regulation of NK cell mediated cytotoxicity
stimulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
upregulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
up regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
up-regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.
downregulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
down regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
down-regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
inhibition of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.
activation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
stimulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
upregulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
up regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
up-regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway.
downregulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
down regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
down-regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
inhibition of complement activation, alternative pathway
negative regulation of complement cascade, alternative pathway
positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway.
activation of complement activation, alternative pathway
positive regulation of complement cascade, alternative pathway
stimulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
upregulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
up regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
up-regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway.
downregulation of complement activation, classical pathway
down regulation of complement activation, classical pathway
down-regulation of complement activation, classical pathway
inhibition of complement activation, classical pathway
negative regulation of complement cascade, classical pathway
positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway.
activation of complement activation, classical pathway
positive regulation of complement cascade, classical pathway
stimulation of complement activation, classical pathway
upregulation of complement activation, classical pathway
up regulation of complement activation, classical pathway
up-regulation of complement activation, classical pathway
negative regulation of development, heterochronic
Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and decreases the rate at which this time point is reached.
downregulation of development, heterochronic
down regulation of development, heterochronic
down-regulation of development, heterochronic
inhibition of development, heterochronic
positive regulation of development, heterochronic
Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and increases the rate at which this time point is reached.
activation of development, heterochronic
stimulation of development, heterochronic
upregulation of development, heterochronic
up regulation of development, heterochronic
up-regulation of development, heterochronic
negative regulation of dopamine metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.
downregulation of dopamine metabolic process
down regulation of dopamine metabolic process
down-regulation of dopamine metabolic process
inhibition of dopamine metabolic process
negative regulation of dopamine metabolism
positive regulation of dopamine metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.
activation of dopamine metabolic process
positive regulation of dopamine metabolism
stimulation of dopamine metabolic process
upregulation of dopamine metabolic process
up regulation of dopamine metabolic process
up-regulation of dopamine metabolic process
negative regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids.
downregulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
down regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
down-regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
inhibition of ecdysteroid metabolic process
negative regulation of ecdysteroid metabolism
positive regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids.
activation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
positive regulation of ecdysteroid metabolism
stimulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
upregulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
up regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
up-regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
Any process that reduces the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.
negative regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormone.
downregulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
down regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
down-regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
inhibition of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
negative regulation of juvenile hormone anabolism
negative regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthesis
negative regulation of juvenile hormone formation
negative regulation of juvenile hormone synthesis
positive regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormone.
activation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
positive regulation of juvenile hormone anabolism
positive regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthesis
positive regulation of juvenile hormone formation
positive regulation of juvenile hormone synthesis
stimulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
upregulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
up regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
up-regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
negative regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormone.
downregulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
down regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
down-regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
inhibition of juvenile hormone catabolic process
negative regulation of juvenile hormone breakdown
negative regulation of juvenile hormone catabolism
negative regulation of juvenile hormone degradation
positive regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormone.
activation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
positive regulation of juvenile hormone breakdown
positive regulation of juvenile hormone catabolism
positive regulation of juvenile hormone degradation
stimulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
upregulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
up regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
up-regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
negative regulation of juvenile hormone secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of juvenile hormone.
downregulation of juvenile hormone secretion
down regulation of juvenile hormone secretion
down-regulation of juvenile hormone secretion
inhibition of juvenile hormone secretion
positive regulation of juvenile hormone secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of juvenile hormone.
activation of juvenile hormone secretion
stimulation of juvenile hormone secretion
upregulation of juvenile hormone secretion
up regulation of juvenile hormone secretion
up-regulation of juvenile hormone secretion
regulation of translation, ncRNA-mediated
Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that modulates the frequency, rate or extent that mRNAs are effectively translated into protein.
positive regulation of translation, ncRNA-mediated
Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that activates or increases the rate that mRNAs are effectively translated into protein.
activation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
stimulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
upregulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
up regulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
up-regulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle.
downregulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
down regulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
inhibition of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle progression
negative regulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle.
activation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
positive regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle progression
positive regulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
stimulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
upregulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
up regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
up-regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
negative regulation of nucleoside metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides.
downregulation of nucleoside metabolic process
down regulation of nucleoside metabolic process
down-regulation of nucleoside metabolic process
inhibition of nucleoside metabolic process
negative regulation of nucleoside metabolism
positive regulation of nucleoside metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides.
activation of nucleoside metabolic process
positive regulation of nucleoside metabolism
stimulation of nucleoside metabolic process
upregulation of nucleoside metabolic process
up regulation of nucleoside metabolic process
up-regulation of nucleoside metabolic process
negative regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.
downregulation of nucleotide metabolic process
down regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
down-regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
inhibition of nucleotide metabolic process
negative regulation of nucleotide metabolism
positive regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.
activation of nucleotide metabolic process
positive regulation of nucleotide metabolism
stimulation of nucleotide metabolic process
upregulation of nucleotide metabolic process
up regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
up-regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
negative regulation of purine nucleobase metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleobases.
downregulation of purine base metabolic process
down regulation of purine base metabolic process
down-regulation of purine base metabolic process
inhibition of purine base metabolic process
negative regulation of purine base metabolic process
negative regulation of purine base metabolism
positive regulation of purine nucleobase metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving purine bases.
activation of purine base metabolic process
positive regulation of purine base metabolic process
positive regulation of purine base metabolism
stimulation of purine base metabolic process
upregulation of purine base metabolic process
up regulation of purine base metabolic process
up-regulation of purine base metabolic process
negative regulation of pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleobases.
downregulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
down regulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
down-regulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
inhibition of pyrimidine base metabolic process
negative regulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
negative regulation of pyrimidine base metabolism
positive regulation of pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleobases.
activation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
positive regulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
positive regulation of pyrimidine base metabolism
stimulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
upregulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
up regulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
up-regulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.
downregulation of smooth muscle contraction
down regulation of smooth muscle contraction
down-regulation of smooth muscle contraction
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.
stimulation of smooth muscle contraction
upregulation of smooth muscle contraction
up regulation of smooth muscle contraction
up-regulation of smooth muscle contraction
negative regulation of striated muscle contraction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.
downregulation of striated muscle contraction
down regulation of striated muscle contraction
down-regulation of striated muscle contraction
inhibition of striated muscle contraction
positive regulation of striated muscle contraction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.
activation of striated muscle contraction
stimulation of striated muscle contraction
upregulation of striated muscle contraction
up regulation of striated muscle contraction
up-regulation of striated muscle contraction
carbon catabolite regulation of transcription
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.
regulation of transcription by carbon catabolites
carbon catabolite activation of transcription
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to an increase in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.
positive regulation of transcription by carbon catabolites
negative regulation of embryonic development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.
down regulation of embryonic development
down-regulation of embryonic development
negative regulation of translational initiation by iron
Any process involving iron that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translational initiation.
downregulation of translational initiation by iron
down regulation of translational initiation by iron
down-regulation of translational initiation by iron
inhibition of translational initiation by iron
positive regulation of translational initiation by iron
Any process involving iron that activates or increases the rate of translational initiation.
activation of translational initiation by iron
stimulation of translational initiation by iron
upregulation of translational initiation by iron
up regulation of translational initiation by iron
up-regulation of translational initiation by iron
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.
obsolete negative regulation of transcription by pheromones
OBSOLETE. Any process involving pheromones that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription.
negative regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids.
downregulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
down regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
down-regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
inhibition of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of ecdysteroid anabolism
negative regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthesis
negative regulation of ecdysteroid formation
negative regulation of ecdysteroid synthesis
positive regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids.
activation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
positive regulation of ecdysteroid anabolism
positive regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthesis
positive regulation of ecdysteroid formation
positive regulation of ecdysteroid synthesis
stimulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
upregulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
up regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
up-regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of ecdysteroid secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid.
down regulation of ecdysteroid secretion
down-regulation of ecdysteroid secretion
positive regulation of ecdysteroid secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid.
negative regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
downregulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
down regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
inhibition of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle progression
negative regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
activation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle progression
positive regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
stimulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
up regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
downregulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
down regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
inhibition of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression
positive regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
activation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression
stimulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
up regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
activation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
stimulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
upregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
up regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
up-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
regulation of activated T cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.
regulation of activated T-cell proliferation
regulation of activated T lymphocyte proliferation
regulation of activated T-lymphocyte proliferation
negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.
downregulation of activated T cell proliferation
down regulation of activated T cell proliferation
down-regulation of activated T cell proliferation
inhibition of activated T cell proliferation
negative regulation of activated T-cell proliferation
negative regulation of activated T lymphocyte proliferation
negative regulation of activated T-lymphocyte proliferation
regulation of female receptivity, post-mating
Any process that modulates the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.
positive regulation of female receptivity, post-mating
Any process that increases the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.
activation of female receptivity, post-mating
stimulation of female receptivity, post-mating
upregulation of female receptivity, post-mating
up regulation of female receptivity, post-mating
up-regulation of female receptivity, post-mating
positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.
activation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
stimulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
upregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
up regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
up-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oskar mRNA translation. To ensure the localization of Oskar protein at the posterior pole of the oocyte, translation of oskar mRNA is repressed during its transport to the posterior pole and activated upon localization of the mRNA at the posterior cortex.
positive regulation of oskar mRNA translation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oskar mRNA translation.
regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.
regulation of resting T cell proliferation
regulation of T-cell homeostatic proliferation
regulation of T lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
regulation of T-lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
negative regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.
downregulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
down regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
down-regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
inhibition of T cell homeostatic proliferation
negative regulation of resting T cell proliferation
negative regulation of T-cell homeostatic proliferation
negative regulation of T lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription.
positive regulation of transcription by glucose
Any process involving glucose that activates or increases the rate of transcription.
upregulation of transcription by glucose
up regulation of transcription by glucose
up-regulation of transcription by glucose
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter during mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter during mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
OBSOLETE. Any process involving pheromones that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
OBSOLETE. Any process involving pheromones that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter during mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter during mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
precorrin-6Y C5,15-methyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-6Y = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-8X + CO2.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:1-precorrin-6Y C5,15-methyltransferase (C-12-decarboxylating)
precorrin-4 C11-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-4 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin 5.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:precorrin-4 C11 methyltransferase activity
phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phospholipid + 1,2-diacylglycerol = lysophospholipid + triacylglycerol.
phospholipid:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase activity
electron transporter, transferring electrons from cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II activity
Enables the directed movement of electrons from the cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol + NAD+ = D-mannose + H+ + NADH.
NAD-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase activity
inositol trisphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol bisphosphate + phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving AMP, adenosine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving CMP, cytidine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving CTP, cytidine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving GMP, guanosine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving IMP, inosine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ITP, inosine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ITP, inosine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving UMP, uridine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UMP, uridine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate metabolic process
adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUDP, deoxyuridine (5'-)diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUMP, deoxyuridine (5'-)monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUMP, deoxyuridine (5'-)monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyuridine, 2-deoxyribosyluracil, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyuridine, 2-deoxyribosyluracil, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.
deoxyribosylthymine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.
deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
purine deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
purine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine deoxyribonucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
purine deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside metabolism
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside anabolism
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthesis
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside formation
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside synthesis
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside breakdown
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside catabolism
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
purine ribonucleoside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any purine ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
pyrimidine ribonucleoside catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
pyrimidine nucleoside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
positive regulation of vitamin metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
positive regulation of vitamin metabolism
stimulation of vitamin metabolic process
upregulation of vitamin metabolic process
up regulation of vitamin metabolic process
up-regulation of vitamin metabolic process
negative regulation of vitamin metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
downregulation of vitamin metabolic process
down regulation of vitamin metabolic process
down-regulation of vitamin metabolic process
negative regulation of vitamin metabolism
obsolete coenzyme and prosthetic group biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzymes and prosthetic groups.
obsolete coenzyme and prosthetic group catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzymes and prosthetic groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.
obsolete negative regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes and prosthetic groups.
obsolete positive regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes and prosthetic groups.
obsolete D-alanine family amino acid metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-alanine and related amino acids.
obsolete D-alanine family amino acid biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine and related amino acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ocellus pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ocellus pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme c, a derivative of heme found in cytochromes c, b4, and f.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme C, a derivative of heme found in cytochromes c, b4, and f.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate biosynthetic process
glycerol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keto-D-gluconate, the anion of keto-D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-idonate, the anion of idonic acid, an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-idonate, the anion of idonic acid, an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes.
phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring.
aerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.
aerobic phenol-containing compound anabolism
aerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthesis
aerobic phenol-containing compound formation
aerobic phenol-containing compound synthesis
aerobic phenol-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.
aerobic phenol-containing compound breakdown
aerobic phenol-containing compound catabolism
aerobic phenol-containing compound degradation
anaerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.
anaerobic phenol-containing compound anabolism
anaerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthesis
anaerobic phenol-containing compound formation
anaerobic phenol-containing compound synthesis
anaerobic phenol-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.
anaerobic phenol-containing compound breakdown
anaerobic phenol-containing compound catabolism
anaerobic phenol-containing compound degradation
obsolete pentachlorophenol biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentachlorophenol, a chlorinated insecticide and fungicide used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and wood boring insects. Pentachlorophenol is significantly toxic to mammals, plants, and many microorganisms.
obsolete 4-nitrophenol biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen and synthesized by some higher plants.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cresol, a mixture of the aromatic alcohol isoforms o-, p-, and m-cresol, which is obtained from coal tar or petroleum. The isomers are used as disinfectants, textile scouring agents, surfactants and as intermediates in the manufacture of salicylaldehyde, coumarin, and herbicides as well as being a major component of creosote.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cresol, a mixture of the aromatic alcohol isoforms o-, p-, and m-cresol, which is obtained from coal tar or petroleum. The isomers are used as disinfectants, textile scouring agents, surfactants and as intermediates in the manufacture of salicylaldehyde, coumarin, and herbicides as well as being a major component of creosote.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of m-cresol (3-hydroxytoluene), the meta-isoform of cresol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine), an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation which also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine), an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation which also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone.
obsolete methyl ethyl ketone biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor. It is used as a solvent and in making plastics, textiles and paints.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.
obsolete indolalkylamine catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacteriocins, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a bacteriocin, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.
obsolete 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic compound widely used as a herbicide.
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic compound widely used as a herbicide.
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid breakdown
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolism
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation
obsolete 2-aminobenzenesulfonate biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.
2-aminobenzenesulfonate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.
2-aminobenzenesulphonate catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen.
obsolete 3-hydroxyphenylacetate biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fluorene, a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing a five-membered ring. It is a major component of fossil fuels and their derivatives and is also a by-product of coal-conversion and energy-related industries. It is commonly found in vehicle exhaust emissions, crude oils, motor oils, coal and oil combustion products, waste incineration, and industrial effluents.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gallate, the anion of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic.
obsolete phenanthrene biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phthalate, any ester or salt of phthalic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylene, a mixture of three colorless, aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, ortho-, meta- and para-xylene.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of m-xylene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of o-xylene, (1,2-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of p-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene), a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of styrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon liquid used in the manufacture of polystyrene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons made up of isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons made up of isoprene units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, in the absence of oxygen.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, in the absence of oxygen.
obsolete 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid.
obsolete anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, in the absence of oxygen.
anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, in the absence of oxygen.
anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene breakdown
anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolism
anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene degradation
obsolete trinitrotoluene biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene molecule with three NO2 groups attached to it.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene entity with three NO2 groups attached to it. This includes the explosive TNT, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.
obsolete 4-nitrotoluene biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene.
obsolete nitrotoluene biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached.
obsolete thiocyanate biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiocyanate, any anion or salt of thiocyanic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiocyanate, any anion of thiocyanic acid.
obsolete triethanolamine biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triethanolamine, a combustible, hygroscopic, colorless liquid commonly used in dry-cleaning solutions, cosmetics, detergents, textile processing, wool scouring, and as a corrosion inhibitor and pharmaceutical alkalizing agent.
obsolete triethanolamine catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triethanolamine, a combustible, hygroscopic, colorless liquid commonly used in dry-cleaning solutions, cosmetics, detergents, textile processing, wool scouring, and as a corrosion inhibitor and pharmaceutical alkalizing agent.
obsolete toluene-4-sulfonate biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toluene-4-sulfonate, 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, the anion of sulfonic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene-4-sulfonate, 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, the anion of sulfonic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.
obsolete 4-toluenecarboxylate biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving protocatechuate, the anion of protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid).
3,4-dihydroxybenzoate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.
anthocyanin-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins that occur in plants. They are responsible from most of the scarlet, purple, mauve and blue coloring in higher plants, especially of flowers.
anthocyanin-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids, containing a flavan skeleton. They are differentiated from flavonoids by the point of attachment of the aromatic ring group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids.
isoflavonoid phytoalexin metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
isoflavonoid phytoalexin catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
obsolete 6-hydroxycineole biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 6-hydroxycineole (6-hydroxy-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane), a hydrocarbon with the formula C10H18O2.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), a colorless liquid or gas with a pungent odor, commonly used as a fixative or an antibacterial agent.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).
obsolete 2,4-dichlorobenzoate biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
obsolete 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds.
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds.
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid breakdown
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolism
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation
obsolete 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants.
2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants.
2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide breakdown
2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide catabolism
2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide degradation
obsolete 2-nitropropane biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-nitropropane, a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-nitropropane, a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
Z-phenylacetaldoxime biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds.
obsolete 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCP), a halohydrin suspected of being carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic.
obsolete 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCP), a halohydrin suspected of being carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphoarginine, a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid arginine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphoarginine, a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid arginine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + ATP = 6-phospho-D-gluconate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:D-gluconate 6-phosphotransferase activity
regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramide.
regulation of glucosylceramide anabolism
regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthesis
regulation of glucosylceramide formation
regulation of glucosylceramide synthesis
negative regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramide.
downregulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
down regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
down-regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
inhibition of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
negative regulation of glucosylceramide anabolism
negative regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthesis
negative regulation of glucosylceramide formation
negative regulation of glucosylceramide synthesis
positive regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramide.
activation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
positive regulation of glucosylceramide anabolism
positive regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthesis
positive regulation of glucosylceramide formation
positive regulation of glucosylceramide synthesis
stimulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
upregulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
up regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
up-regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.
positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.
negative regulation of fatty acid oxidation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.
The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
glycerol biosynthetic process from pyruvate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, from other compounds, including pyruvate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
Signaling between cells of equivalent developmental potential that results in these cells adopting different developmental fates. An example is the suppression by cells with a particular fate of the adoption of the same fate by surrounding cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).
phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine. It is a major structural phospholipid in mammalian systems. It tends to be more abundant than phosphatidylcholine in the internal membranes of the cell and is an abundant component of prokaryotic membranes.
phosphatidylethanolamine catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate. It is a common intermediate in phospholipid biosynthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving streptomycin, a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media. It acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of disaccharides, sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of disaccharides, sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.
aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + 3-N-acetylaminoglycoside. This is acetylation of the 3-amino group of the central deoxystreptamine ring.
3'-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase activity
3-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:2-deoxystreptamine-antibiotic N3'-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:gentamicin-C N3'-acetyltransferase activity
aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(3)-1
aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(3)-I activity
gentamicin-(3)-N-acetyltransferase activity
gentamicin 3'-N-acetyltransferase activity
gentamycin 3'-N-acetyltransferase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannan, the main hemicellulose of soft (coniferous) wood, made up of D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannan, the main hemicellulose of soft (coniferous) wood, made up of D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butyrate, the anion of butyric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of butyrate, the anion of butyric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose. D-arabinose occurs in plant glycosides and is a constituent of arabinonucleosides.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose. L-arabinose occurs free, e.g. in the heartwood of many conifers, and in the combined state, in both furanose and pyranose forms, as a constituent of various plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides etc.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving teichoic acid, any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide antigen carried on the surface of bacterial capsules that masks somatic (O) antigens.
GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, a substance composed of mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving colanic acid, a capsular bacterial polysaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, fucose and glucuronic acid residues.
enterobacterial common antigen metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving enterobacterial common antigen, an acidic polysaccharide containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronic acid, and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. A major component of the cell wall outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
enterobacterial common antigen metabolism
extracellular polysaccharide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.
N-acetylneuraminate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving CMP-N-acetylneuraminate, a substance composed of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-D-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.
deoxyribose 1-phosphate metabolic process
deoxyribose phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.
deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.
deoxyribose 5-phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 5-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 5-phospho-2-deoxyribose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar.
5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.
5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid is a component of plant gums and bacterial cell walls.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronate, the anion of glucuronic acid.
keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, an acidic sugar present in lipopolysaccharides of the outer membranes of some Gram-negative bacteria.
keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid metabolism
lipopolysaccharide core region metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, which contains ten saccharide residues. The structure of this core oligosaccharide appears to be similar in closely related bacterial strains.
lipopolysaccharide core region metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphopolynucleotide + H2O = a polynucleotide + phosphate. Hydrolyzes the free 3'-phosphate resulting from single strand breaks in DNA due to oxidative damage.
5'-polynucleotidekinase 3'-phosphatase activity
deoxyribonucleate 3'-phosphatase activity
polynucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase activity
polydeoxyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5'-dephospho-DNA = ADP + 5'-phospho-DNA.
ATP:5'-dephosphopolydeoxyribonucleotide 5'-phosphotransferase activity
ATP-dependent DNA 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity
ATP-dependent polydeoxyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity
ATP-dependent polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol = 3-hydroxypropanal + H2O.
glycerol hydro-lyase (3-hydroxypropanal-forming)
magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + magnesium protoporphyrin IX = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + magnesium protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester.
(-)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine:magnesium-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase activity
magnesium-protoporphyrin O-methyltransferase activity
Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:magnesium-protoporphyrin-IX O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:magnesium-protoporphyrin O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:Mg protoporphyrin methyltransferase activity
S-adenosylmethioninemagnesium protoporphyrin methyltransferase activity
S-adenosylmethionine-magnesium protoporphyrin methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + 2 H+ + phytyl diphosphate = chlorophyll a + diphosphate.
chlorophyllide-a:phytyl-diphosphate phytyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate or quinate ester of p-coumaric acid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = caffeic acid conjugate (caffeoyl shikimic acid or chlorogenic acid) + H2O + NADP+.
obsolete 2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate synthase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + isochorismate = 2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate + pyruvate + CO2.
2-keto-3-deoxygluconate transmembrane transport
The process in which 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylmercury acetate, an organomercurial compound composed of a mercury atom attached to a benzene ring and an acetate group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organomercury compounds, any organic compound containing a mercury atom.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organomercury compounds, any organic compound containing a mercury atom.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chorismate, the anion of (3R-trans)-3-((1-carboxyethenyl)oxy)-4-hydroxy-1,5-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nopaline, (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopine, (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine.
Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate = pyruvate + succinate.
(2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate pyruvate-lyase (succinate-forming)
(2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate pyruvate-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: violaxanthin + 2 ascorbate = zeaxanthin + 2 dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O; and antheraxanthin + ascorbate = zeaxanthin + dehydroascorbate + H2O.
violaxanthin:ascorbate oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z,13S,15Z)-12,13-epoxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoate = (15Z)-12-oxophyto-10,15-dienoate.
(9Z)-(13S)-12,13-epoxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoate isomerase (cyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: ferulic acid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 5-hydroxyferulic acid + H2O + NADP+.
regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling via JAK-STAT.
regulation of STAT protein import into nucleus
regulation of STAT protein nuclear translocation
negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT.
negative regulation of STAT protein import into nucleus
negative regulation of STAT protein nuclear translocation
positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity.
positive regulation of STAT protein import into nucleus
positive regulation of STAT protein nuclear translocation
1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate octaprenyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate + polyprenylpyrophosphate = dimethylmenaquinone + diphosphate + CO2.
1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphtoate prenyltransferase activity
4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate + 2 reduced ferredoxin.
(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl-diphosphate:oxidized ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate synthase activity
1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase activity
1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase activity
non-phosphorylated glucose metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-phosphorylated forms of glucose.
(R)-4-hydroxymandelate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of a hydroxylated derivative of mandelate (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetate).
2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A.
2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA metabolism
2-aminoethylphosphonate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-aminoethylphosphonate, most abundant and ubiquitous of naturally occurring phosphonates. It is typically found as a conjugate of glycans, lipids, and proteins, which in turn perform essential biochemical functions in specialized lower organisms.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound.
3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate, a hydroxylated derivative of phenylpropionate.
3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-cysteine, (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, which occurs naturally in firefly luciferin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-lysine, the D-enantiomer of lysine; i.e. (2R)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aerobactin (C22H36N4O13), a hydroxamate iron transport compound. It is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving FAD, the oxidized form of flavin adenine dinucleotide.
oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
oxidized flavin-adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolism
oxidized flavin-adenine dinucleotide metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving FMN, riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate), a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.
benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, compounds with bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.
terpenoid indole alkaloid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoid indole alkaloids, compounds formed from the condensation of tryptamine (derived from tryptophan) and secologanin (derived from geranyl pyrophosphate).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tropane alkaloids, compounds containing the 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ring system.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dethiobiotin, a derivative of biotin formed by replacing the sulfur atom by two hydrogen atoms.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving diaminopimelate, the anion of the dicarboxylic acid 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid. It is an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dipyrrins (pyrromethanes), compounds containing two pyrrole rings linked through a methine, -CH=, group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethylsilanediol, the smallest member of the dialkylsilanediols. Dimethylsilanediol is the monomer of polydimethylsiloxane, a compound which can be found in a wide range of industrial and consumer products.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organosilicons, any organic compound that contains silicon.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostanoids, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexadecanal, the C16 straight chain aldehyde.
short-chain fatty acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative. In eukaryotes, these function as carriers of mono- and oligosaccharide residues in the glycosylation of lipids and proteins within intracellular membranes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.
phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine (PMME), a derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine with a methylated amine group. Present in trace levels in plants and slightly higher in bacteria.
phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine metabolism
platelet activating factor metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. They are important constituents of cell membranes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol. They are important constituents of cell membranes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.
glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group. They are the precursors of both gangliosides and globosides.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.
galactolipid galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol = alpha-D-galactosyl-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol + 1,2-diacylglycerol.
3-(beta-D-galactosyl)-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:mono-3-(beta-D-galactosyl)-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol beta-D-galactosyltransferase activity
digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase activity
galactolipid:galactolipid galactosyltransferase activity
galactolipid-galactolipid galactosyltransferase activity
interlipid galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-galactose = 3-[alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H+ + UDP.
UDP-galactose:3-(beta-D-galactosyl)-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 6-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:MGDG galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose-dependent DGDG synthase activity
UDP-galactose-dependent digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase activity
para-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxazole or thiazole, five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen and a sulfur, respectively, in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone. Diacylglycerol and phosphatidate are key lipid intermediates of glycerolipid biosynthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which a sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.
isopentenyl diphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isopentenyl diphosphate, an isomer of dimethylallyl diphosphate and the key precursor of all isoprenoids.
isopentenyl pyrophosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-methylmalonyl-CoA, the L-enantiomer of 2-carboxypropanoyl-CoA. S-methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the beta oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids in animals.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipid A, the glycolipid group of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of four to six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues. Further modifications of the backbone are common.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhizobactin 1021, (E)-4-((3-(acetylhydroxyamino)propyl)-amino)-2-hydroxy-(2-(2-(3-(hydroxy(1-oxo-2-decenyl)amino)propyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid, a siderophore produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.
nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinamide.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinate (pyridine 3-carboxylic acid, or niacin).
S-adenosylhomocysteine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylhomocysteine; the L-enantiomer is formed from S-adenosylmethionine and is a strong inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-mediated methylation reactions. It can be cleaved to form adenosine and homocysteine.
S-adenosylmethioninamine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethioninamine, (5-deoxy-5-adenosyl)(3-aminopropyl) methylsulfonium salt.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving protoporphyrinogen IX, the specific substrate for the enzyme ferrochelatase, which catalyzes the insertion of iron to form protoheme. It is probably also the substrate for chlorophyll formation.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving uroporphyrinogen III, a precursor for synthesis of vitamin B12, chlorophyll, and heme in organisms that produce these compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfolipids, any compound containing a sulfonic acid residue joined by a carbon-sulfur bond to a lipid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sulfolipid, a compound containing a sulfonic acid residue joined by a carbon-sulfur bond to a lipid.
Catalysis of the reaction: sulfite + UDP-D-glucose = H2O + UDP-6-sulfoquinovose.
sulfite:UDP-glucose sulfotransferase activity
UDP-6-sulfo-6-deoxyglucose sulfohydrolase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-sulfur bonds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any carbon-sulfur bond, C-S.
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-sulphur bonds
1,2-diacylglycerol 3-beta-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-galactose = 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + H+ + UDP.
monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase activity
UDPgalactose:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-beta-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-beta-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase activity
UDP galactose-1,2-diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose-diacylglyceride galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-1,2-diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-sulfoquinovose:DAG sulfoquinovosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-sulfoquinovose + 1,2-diacylglycerol = sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol + UDP.
UDP-sulphoquinovose:DAG sulphoquinovosyltransferase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ceramides, any N-acetylated sphingoid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypusine, N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.
octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, a cyclic silicone-oxygen ring compound with two methyl groups attached to each silicone atom.
octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane degradation
octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, a cyclic silicone-oxygen ring compound with two methyl groups attached to each silicone atom.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribose + ATP = S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
5-methylthioribose kinase (phosphorylating)
ATP:S5-methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphotransferase activity
S-methyl-5-thioribose-1-phosphate isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate = S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate.
1-phospho-5'-S-methylthioribose isomerase activity
5-methylthio-5-deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate ketol-isomerase activity
5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase activity
methylthioribose 1-phosphate isomerase activity
S-methyl-5-thio-5-deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
S-methyl-5-thio-5-deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate ketol-isomerase activity
S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose-1-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribose-1-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-fructose 6-phosphate = UDP + sucrose 6-phosphate.
sucrosephosphate-UDP glucosyltransferase activity
sucrose phosphate-uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:D-fructose-6-phosphate 2-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:D-fructose-6-phosphate 2-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose-fructose-phosphate glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-fructose-phosphate glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-fructose phosphate glucosyltransferase activity
xylosylprotein 4-beta-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + O-beta-D-xylosylprotein = UDP + 4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein.
UDP-D-galactose:D-xylose galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-D-galactose:xylose galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:O-beta-D-xylosylprotein 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:O-beta-D-xylosylprotein 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:xylose galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-xylose galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + xylitol = D-xylulose + H+ + NADH.
Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
The process following disc eversion whereby imaginal discs fuse with adjacent disc derivatives to form a continuous adult epidermis.
The joining of the parts of the wing imaginal discs, giving rise to the adult thorax.
The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
regulation of photoreceptor differentiation
negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
downregulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
down regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
down-regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
downregulation of photoreceptor differentiation
down regulation of photoreceptor differentiation
down-regulation of photoreceptor differentiation
inhibition of photoreceptor cell differentiation
inhibition of photoreceptor differentiation
negative regulation of photoreceptor differentiation
positive regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
activation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
activation of photoreceptor differentiation
positive regulation of photoreceptor differentiation
stimulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
stimulation of photoreceptor differentiation
upregulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
up regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
up-regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
upregulation of photoreceptor differentiation
up regulation of photoreceptor differentiation
up-regulation of photoreceptor differentiation
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of umami taste
The series of events required for a umami taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates.
perception of umami taste, detection of chemical stimulus
perception of umami taste, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of umami taste
sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of umami taste
A protein or protein-RNA complex that localizes to one or more of the sex chromosome(s), where it acts to normalize transcription between different sexes.
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = 3-phospho-D glycerate; this reaction does not require the cofactor 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = 3-phospho-D-glycerate; this reaction mechanism uses 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate as a phosphate donor.
glycerate phosphomutase (diphosphoglycerate cofactor) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + histamine = N(tau)-methylhistamine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:histamine N-tele-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosylmethionine-histamine N-methyltransferase activity
A ribonucleoprotein complex that is formed by the association of the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs.
The regulated release of saliva from the salivary glands. In man, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of alpha-factor, one of the two yeast mating factors, out of a cell.
development of secondary female sexual characteristics
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In female humans, these include growth of axillary and pubic hair, breast development and menstrual periods. Their development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.
development of secondary male sexual characteristics
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary male sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In male humans, these include growth of axillary, chest, and pubic hair, voice changes, and testicular/penile enlargement. Development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.
development of primary female sexual characteristics
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structure. The primary female sexual characteristics are the ovaries, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.
development of primary male sexual characteristics
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary male sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary male sexual characteristics are the testes, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.
trans-aconitate 3-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + trans-aconitate = (E)-2-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)but-2-enedioate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate 3'-O-methyltransferase activity
Development of a rod cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Rod cells contain the photopigment rhodopsin or porphyropsin and are responsible for vision in dim light.
Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision.
obsolete (3-aminopropyl)(L-aspartyl-1-amino)phosphoryl-5'-adenosine biosynthetic process from asparagine
OBSOLETE. The modification of asparagine to (3-aminopropyl)(L-aspartyl-1-amino)phosphoryl-5'-adenosine as found in microcin C7 produced from the mccA gene in E. coli plasmid pMccC7.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell. A retinal cone cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.
D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-malate + NAD+ = CO2 + NADH + pyruvate.
(R)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
bifunctional L(+)-tartrate dehydrogenase-D(+)-malate (decarboxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+.
(S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
malic dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
NADP-linked malate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the deacetylation of xylans and xylo-oligosaccharides.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-L-arabinofuranoside residues in alpha-L-arabinosides.
alpha-L-arabinofuranoside arabinofuranohydrolase activity
alpha-L-arabinofuranoside hydrolase activity
polysaccharide alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase activity
glucan endo-1,6-beta-glucosidase activity
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->6) linkages in (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.
1,6-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase activity
beta-1,6-glucan 6-glucanohydrolase activity
arabinan endo-1,5-alpha-L-arabinosidase activity
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->5)-alpha-arabinofuranosidic linkages in (1->5) arabinans.
1,5-alpha-L-arabinan 1,5-alpha-L-arabinanohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.
alpha-D-glucosiduronate glucuronohydrolase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of proteins with broad specificity, cleaving Phe24-Phe, but not Leu15-Tyr and Phe25-Tyr in the B chain of insulin.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of proteins with broad specificity similar to that of pepsin A, preferring hydrophobic residues at P1 and P1', but also cleaving Gly20-Glu in the B chain of insulin. Clots milk, and activates trypsinogen.
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose + O2 = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O2.
beta-D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase activity
beta-D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxido-reductase activity
beta-D-glucose:quinone oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + methanol = H2O2 + formaldehyde.
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + oxalate = CO2 + formate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydroshikimate = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate is also known as protocatechuate.
Catalysis of the 4,5-ring opening reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + O2 = 4,5-seco-DOPA. 4,5-seco-DOPA spontaneously recyclizes to form betalamic acid.
dihydroxyphenylalanine dioxygenase activity
aphidicolan-16 beta-ol synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate + H2O = aphidicolan-16-beta-ol + diphosphate.
9-alpha-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (aphidicolan-16-beta-ol-forming)
3-methylbutanol:NAD(P) oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NAD(P)+ = 3-methylbutanal + NAD(P)H + H+. 3-methylbutanal is also known as isovaleraldehyde.
3-methylbutanal reductase [NAD(P)] activity
3-methylbutyraldehyde reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxal + O2 + H2O = glyoxalate + H2O2.
methylthioribulose 1-phosphate dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate = 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O.
5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate 4-dehydratase activity
methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase activity
S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose-1-phosphate hydro-lyase[5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl-phosphate-forming]
S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose-1-phosphate hydro-lyase [5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl-phosphate-forming]
S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose-1-phosphate hydro-lyase activity
aspartate-2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + aspartate = methionine + oxaloacetate.
Catalysis of the reaction: versiconal = versicolorin B + H2O.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of lactone rings (intramolecular cyclic esters) to produce a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucuronosides, yielding free glucuronic acid.
rhamnogalacturonan acetylesterase activity
Catalysis of the removal of acetylesters (as acetate) from galacturonic acid residues in the backbone of rhamnogalacturonan.
rhamnogalacturonan alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyluronide lyase activity
Catalysis of the cleavage of rhamnogalacturonan, generating oligosaccharides of the form alpha-D-us-galacturonic acid-(1,2)-alpha-L-rhamnose-(1,4)-alpha-D-galacturonate-(1,2)-L-rhamnose-(1,2)-alpha-L-rhamnose-p-(1,4)-alpha-D-galacturonic acid, terminating at the non-reducing end with a hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid residue.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 long-chain alcohol + O2 = 2 long-chain aldehyde + 2 H2O.
fatty alcohol:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
long-chain-alcohol:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
long-chain fatty alcohol oxidase activity
regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.
positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.
activation of Ras protein signal transduction
stimulation of Ras protein signal transduction
upregulation of Ras protein signal transduction
up regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
up-regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.
downregulation of Ras protein signal transduction
down regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
down-regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
inhibition of Ras protein signal transduction
An extremely narrow tubular channel located between adjacent cells. An instance of this is the secretory canaliculi occurring between adjacent parietal cells in the gastric mucosa of vertebrates.
monoatomic cation efflux transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a cation or cations from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
cation efflux transmembrane transporter activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving enniatins, any of various cyclodepsipeptide antibiotics from Fusarium species that function as ionophores.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enniatins, any of various cyclodepsipeptide antibiotics from Fusarium species that function as ionophores.
regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
positive regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion.
activation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
stimulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
upregulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
up regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
up-regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
negative regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion.
downregulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
down regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
down-regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
inhibition of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in Gp with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.
Aspergillus oryzae ribonuclease activity
ribonuclease guaninenucleotido-2'-transferase (cyclizing)
OBSOLETE. The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the leg are generated and organized. A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands.
obsolete embryonic leg joint morphogenesis
OBSOLETE. The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the leg joint are generated and organized. A leg joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a leg to allow movement in a controlled manner.
Catalysis of the oxidative degradation or interconversion of polyamines.
1-N-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: mandelonitrile = cyanide + benzaldehyde.
mandelonitrile benzaldehyde-lyase (cyanide-forming)
mandelonitrile benzaldehyde-lyase activity
The process of maintaining mRNA in a specific location in the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
maintenance of oocyte pole plasm mRNA localization
maintenance of pole plasm mRNA localization
establishment of pole plasm mRNA localization
Any process that results in the directed movement of mRNA to the oocyte pole plasm.
establishment of oocyte pole plasm mRNA localization
establishment of pole plasm mRNA localisation
regulation of viral entry into host cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the viral entry into the host cell.
regulation of viral penetration into host cell
negative regulation of viral entry into host cell
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the entry of viral entry into a host cell.
negative regulation of viral penetration into host cell
positive regulation of viral entry into host cell
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of viral entry into the host cell.
positive regulation of viral penetration into host cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a daughter centriole of an existing centriole.
negative regulation of centriole replication
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centriole replication.
down regulation of centriole replication
down-regulation of centriole replication
positive regulation of centriole replication
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centriole replication.
regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis.
negative regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome separation.
downregulation of mitotic centrosome separation
down regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
down-regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
inhibition of mitotic centrosome separation
positive regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome separation.
activation of mitotic centrosome separation
stimulation of mitotic centrosome separation
upregulation of mitotic centrosome separation
up regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
up-regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle, the processes of centrosome duplication and separation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle.
Catalysis of the isomerization of poly-cis-carotenoids to all-trans-carotenoids.
obsolete voltage-gated sulfate antiporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + solute(in) = solute(in) + sulfate(out), by a channel in a cell membrane whose opening is governed by the membrane potential.
lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain
The V0 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the lysosomal membrane.
lysosomal hydrogen ion-transporting ATPase V0 domain
lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the lysosomal membrane, where it acts as a proton pump to mediate acidification of the lysosomal lumen.
lysosomal hydrogen-translocating V-type ATPase complex
lysosomal membrane hydrogen-transporting ATPase
lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain
The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the lysosomal membrane.
lysosomal hydrogen ion-transporting ATPase V1 domain
obsolete re-entry into mitotic cell cycle after pheromone arrest (sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. The resumption of the Saccharomyces mitotic cell division cycle by pheromone-arrested cells that have not mated.
obsolete nucleolar size increase (sensu Saccharomyces)
OBSOLETE. The process of nucleolar expansion, as seen in Saccharomyces.
The directed movement of a xenobiotic from a cell, into the extracellular region. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
lens placode formation involved in camera-type eye formation
Establishment and formation of the optic placode, paired ectodermal placodes that become invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles.
optic placode formation in camera-type eye
optic placode formation involved in camera-style eye
optic placode formation involved in camera-type eye formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.
Catalysis of the movement of a sphingolipid from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
sphingolipid floppase activity (cytosolic to exoplasmic leaftlet)
sphingolipid-translocating ATPase activity
Enables the directed movement of sphingolipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Sphingolipids are a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
Binding to a sphingolipid, a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
regulation of insulin receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
downregulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of insulin receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of insulin receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
activation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of insulin receptor signalling pathway
stimulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
The expansion of a gamma-delta T cell population by cell division.
The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell. An alpha-beta T cell is a T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex.
The expansion of an alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.
regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.
regulation of alpha-beta T-cell activation
regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte activation
regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte activation
positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.
activation of alpha-beta T cell activation
positive regulation of alpha-beta T-cell activation
positive regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte activation
positive regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte activation
stimulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
upregulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
up regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
up-regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.
downregulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
down regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
down-regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
inhibition of alpha-beta T cell activation
negative regulation of alpha-beta T-cell activation
negative regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte activation
negative regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte activation
regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
regulation of alpha-beta T cell development
regulation of alpha-beta T-cell differentiation
regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
activation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell development
positive regulation of alpha-beta T-cell differentiation
positive regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
stimulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
upregulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
up regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
up-regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
downregulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
down regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
down-regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
inhibition of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell development
negative regulation of alpha-beta T-cell differentiation
negative regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
regulation of alpha-beta T-cell proliferation
regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte proliferation
regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte proliferation
positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
activation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
positive regulation of alpha-beta T-cell proliferation
positive regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte proliferation
positive regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte proliferation
stimulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
upregulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
up regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
up-regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
downregulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
down regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
down-regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
inhibition of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
negative regulation of alpha-beta T-cell proliferation
negative regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte proliferation
negative regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte proliferation
regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.
regulation of gamma-delta T-cell activation
regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte activation
regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte activation
negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.
downregulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
down regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
down-regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
inhibition of gamma-delta T cell activation
negative regulation of gamma-delta T-cell activation
negative regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte activation
negative regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte activation
positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.
activation of gamma-delta T cell activation
positive regulation of gamma-delta T-cell activation
positive regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte activation
positive regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte activation
stimulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
upregulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
up regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
up-regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.
regulation of gamma-delta T-cell proliferation
regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte proliferation
regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte proliferation
negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.
downregulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
down regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
down-regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
inhibition of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
negative regulation of gamma-delta T-cell proliferation
negative regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte proliferation
negative regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte proliferation
positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.
activation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
positive regulation of gamma-delta T-cell proliferation
positive regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte proliferation
positive regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte proliferation
stimulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
upregulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
up regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
up-regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
The expansion of a lymphocyte population by cell division.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid.
obsolete anchored component of plasma membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group, that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
The action characteristic of a hormone that takes part in the digestion process.
The establishment of the sex of a female organism by physical differentiation.
The establishment of the sex of a male organism by physical differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium.
dorsal closure, leading edge cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a leading edge cell, the dorsal-most cells of the epidermis that migrates during dorsal closure.
dorsal closure, amnioserosa morphology change
The changes that occur during dorsal closure of the shape and structure of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies the dorsal side of the embryo.
Maintenance of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis.
Programmed cell death that occurs in the developing retina.
compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death
Programmed cell death that occurs in the retina to remove excess cells between ommatidia, thus resulting in a hexagonal lattice, precise with respect to cell number and position surrounding each ommatidium.
regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.
regulation of retinal programmed cell death
regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.
positive regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.
activation of retinal programmed cell death
positive regulation of retinal programmed cell death
stimulation of retinal programmed cell death
upregulation of retinal programmed cell death
up regulation of retinal programmed cell death
up-regulation of retinal programmed cell death
negative regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.
downregulation of retinal programmed cell death
down regulation of retinal programmed cell death
down-regulation of retinal programmed cell death
inhibition of retinal programmed cell death
negative regulation of retinal programmed cell death
positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.
activation of retinal cell programmed cell death
stimulation of retinal cell programmed cell death
upregulation of retinal cell programmed cell death
up regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death
up-regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death
negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.
downregulation of retinal cell programmed cell death
down regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death
down-regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death
inhibition of retinal cell programmed cell death
negative regulation of retina cell programmed cell death
negative regulation of insulin secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacteriocin stimulus. A bacteriocin is a protein substance released by certain bacteria that kills but does not lyse closely related strains of bacteria. Specific bacteriocins attach to specific receptors on cell walls and induce specific metabolic block, e.g. cessation of nucleic acid or protein synthesis of oxidative phosphorylation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a streptomycin stimulus. Streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media which acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a DDT stimulus. DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, is a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide moderately toxic to humans and other animals.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbamate stimulus. Carbamates are a group of insecticides and parasiticides that act by inhibiting cholinesterase.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclodiene stimulus. A cyclodiene is any organic insecticide (as dieldrin or chlordane) with a chlorinated methylene group forming a bridge across a 6-membered carbon ring.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organophosphorus stimulus. Organophosphorus is a compound containing phosphorus bound to an organic molecule; several organophosphorus compounds are used as insecticides, and they are highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitors.
organophosphorus susceptibility/resistance
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrethroid stimulus. Pyrethroids are a group of growth regulators, analogous to insect juvenile hormones, that interfere with the development of insect larvae and are used in the control of insects that are harmful in the adult stage.
response to arsenic-containing substance
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chromate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus.
An apical plasma membrane part that forms a narrow enfolded luminal membrane channel, lined with numerous microvilli, that appears to extend into the cytoplasm of the cell. A specialized network of intracellular canaliculi is a characteristic feature of parietal cells of the gastric mucosa in vertebrates.
Any process that contributes to the success of sperm fertilization in multiply-mated females.
The retention of sperm by a female following mating.
The process in which the use of stored sperm from the first-mating male is inhibited by the seminal fluid of subsequently mating males.
A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains a smaller form of Spt7 (lacking the SPT8 binding region) than the fungal SAGA complex, and consequently lacks Spt8. The complex is involved in the yeast retrograde response pathway, which is important for gene expression changes during mitochondrial dysfunction.
A multiprotein complex that consists of at least three proteins, CD14, TLR4, and MD-2, each of which is glycosylated and which functions as a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor that primes the innate immune response against bacterial pathogens.
The cellular and vascular changes occurring in the endometrium of the pregnant uterus just after the onset of blastocyst implantation. This process involves the proliferation and differentiation of the fibroblast-like endometrial stromal cells into large, polyploid decidual cells that eventually form the maternal component of the placenta.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects.
galactoside 6-L-fucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to a galactoside acceptor molecule, usually an N-glycan, to form an alpha(1,6)-fucosylated galactoside.
natural killer cell lectin-like receptor binding
Binding to a lectin-like natural killer cell receptor.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.
The directed movement of borate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Borate is the anion (BO3)3-; boron is a group 13 element, with properties which are borderline between metals and non-metals.
active borate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transport of borate across a membrane against the concentration gradient.
borate transmembrane transporter activity
borate uptake transmembrane transporter activity
boron transmembrane transporter activity
boron uptake transmembrane transporter activity
The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a muscle cell in a stable functional or structural state.
The controlled release of acid by a cell or a tissue.
The process that occurs after viral attachment by which a virus, or viral nucleic acid, breaches the plasma membrane or cell envelope and enters the host cell. The process ends when the viral nucleic acid is released into the host cell cytoplasm.
regulation by virus of viral protein levels in host cell
Any virus-mediated process that modulates the levels of viral proteins in a cell.
The controlled release of citric acid, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, by a cell or a tissue.
The controlled release of formic acid, HCOOH, by a cell or a tissue.
The controlled release of lactic acid, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, by a cell or a tissue.
The controlled release of malic acid, hydroxybutanedioic (hydroxysuccinic) acid, by a cell or a tissue.
The controlled release of oxalic acid, ethanedioic acid, by a cell or a tissue.
negative regulation by virus of viral protein levels in host cell
Any process where the infecting virus reduces the levels of viral proteins in a cell.
downregulation of viral protein levels in host cell
down regulation of viral protein levels in host cell
down-regulation of viral protein levels in host cell
inhibition of viral protein levels in host cell
negative regulation of viral protein levels
positive regulation by virus of viral protein levels in host cell
Any process where the infecting virus increases the levels of viral proteins in a cell.
activation of viral protein levels in host cell
positive regulation of viral protein levels
stimulation of viral protein levels in host cell
upregulation of viral protein levels in host cell
up regulation of viral protein levels in host cell
up-regulation of viral protein levels in host cell
Any of the protein subunits that comprise the closed shell or coat (capsid) of certain viruses.
A stable empty viral capsid produced during the assembly of viruses.
obsolete induction by virus of host immune response
OBSOLETE. The induction by a virus of an immune response in the host organism.
obsolete induction of humoral immune response in host by virus
OBSOLETE. The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of a host humoral defense response to viral infection.
obsolete induction of cell-mediated immune response in host by virus
OBSOLETE. The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of a cell-mediated host defense response to viral infection.
obsolete induction of innate immune response in host by virus
OBSOLETE. The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of an innate host defense response to viral infection.
transport of virus in multicellular host
The transport of a virus between cells in a multicellular organism. The cells can be adjacent or spatially separated (e.g. in different tissues or organs).
spread of virus within multicellular host
transport of virus in host, cell to cell
The transport of a virus between adjacent cells in a multicellular organism.
cell to cell spread of virus within host
spread of virus within host, cell to cell
transport of virus in host, tissue to tissue
The transport of a virus between tissues in a multicellular organism.
spread of virus in host, tissue to tissue
spread of virus within host, tissue to tissue
tissue to tissue spread of virus within host
viral spread within host, tissue to tissue
The process in which a capsid acquires another membrane envelope, subsequent to acquiring an initial membrane envelope.
endoplasmic reticulum membrane viral budding during viral capsid re-envelopment
ER membrane viral budding during viral capsid re-envelopment
Golgi membrane viral budding during viral capsid re-envelopment
inner nuclear membrane viral budding during viral capsid re-envelopment
nuclear membrane viral budding during viral capsid re-envelopment
outer nuclear membrane viral budding during viral capsid re-envelopment
plasma membrane viral budding during viral capsid re-envelopment
viral budding from ER membrane by viral capsid re-envelopment
viral budding from ER membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
viral budding from Golgi membrane by viral capsid re-envelopment
viral budding from Golgi membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
viral budding from inner nuclear membrane by viral capsid re-envelopment
viral budding from inner nuclear membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
viral budding from nuclear membrane by viral capsid re-envelopment
viral budding from nuclear membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
viral budding from outer nuclear membrane by viral capsid re-envelopment
viral budding from outer nuclear membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
viral budding from plasma membrane by viral capsid re-envelopment
viral budding from plasma membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
virus budding from ER membrane by viral capsid re-envelopment
virus budding from ER membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
virus budding from Golgi membrane by viral capsid re-envelopment
virus budding from Golgi membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
virus budding from inner nuclear membrane by viral capsid re-envelopment
virus budding from inner nuclear membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
virus budding from nuclear membrane by viral capsid re-envelopment
virus budding from nuclear membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
virus budding from outer nuclear membrane by viral capsid re-envelopment
virus budding from outer nuclear membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
virus budding from plasma membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
obsolete viral capsid precursor transport to host cell nucleus
OBSOLETE. Any process in which viral capsid precursors are transported to a specific location in the nucleus, thus accumulating the necessary components for assembly of a capsid.
The exit of a viral particle from a host cell that does not involve cell lysis.
The exit of a fully formed virion particles from the host cell by exocytosis via a host vesicle.
A viral process by which enveloped viruses acquire a host-derived membrane enriched in viral proteins to form their external envelope. The process starts when nucleocapsids, assembled or in the process of being built, induce formation of a membrane curvature in the host plasma or organelle membrane and wrap up in the forming bud. The process ends when the bud is eventually pinched off by membrane scission to release the enveloped particle into the lumenal or extracellular space.
obsolete lytic virus budding from ER membrane
OBSOLETE. A form of viral release in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host endoplasmic reticulum membrane system, resulting in envelopment of the virus and cell lysis.
obsolete lytic virus budding from Golgi membrane
OBSOLETE. A form of viral release in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host Golgi membrane system, resulting in envelopment of the virus and cell lysis.
obsolete lytic virus budding from plasma membrane
OBSOLETE. A form of viral release in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host nuclear membrane system, resulting in envelopment of the virus and cell lysis.
A viral budding that starts with formation of a membrane curvature in the host Golgi membrane.
Golgi membrane viral budding during viral capsid envelopment
viral budding from Golgi membrane by viral capsid envelopment
viral budding from Golgi membrane during viral capsid envelopment
virus budding from Golgi membrane by viral capsid envelopment
virus budding from Golgi membrane during viral capsid envelopment
A viral budding that starts with formation of a curvature in the host plasma membrane around which the virion particle assembles.
plasma membrane viral budding during viral capsid envelopment
viral budding from plasma membrane by viral capsid envelopment
viral budding from plasma membrane during viral capsid envelopment
virus budding from plasma membrane by viral capsid envelopment
virus budding from plasma membrane during viral capsid envelopment
viral budding from endoplasmic reticulum membrane
A viral budding that starts with formation of a membrane curvature in the host ER membrane.
endoplasmic reticulum membrane viral budding
endoplasmic reticulum membrane viral budding during viral capsid envelopment
ER membrane viral budding during viral capsid envelopment
viral budding from ER membrane by viral capsid envelopment
viral budding from ER membrane during viral capsid envelopment
virus budding from ER membrane by viral capsid envelopment
virus budding from ER membrane during viral capsid envelopment
A viral budding that starts with formation of a membrane curvature in the host nuclear membrane.
nuclear membrane viral budding during viral capsid envelopment
viral budding from nuclear membrane by viral capsid envelopment
viral budding from nuclear membrane during viral capsid envelopment
virus budding from nuclear membrane by viral capsid envelopment
virus budding from nuclear membrane during viral capsid envelopment
viral budding from inner nuclear membrane
The envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host inner nuclear membrane system into the perinuclear space, thus acquiring a membrane envelope.
inner nuclear membrane viral budding during viral capsid envelopment
viral budding from inner nuclear membrane by viral capsid envelopment
viral budding from inner nuclear membrane during viral capsid envelopment
virus budding from inner nuclear membrane by viral capsid envelopment
virus budding from inner nuclear membrane during viral capsid envelopment
viral budding from outer nuclear membrane
The envelopment of a virus, in which the naked capsid evaginates from the host outer nuclear membrane system, thus acquiring a membrane envelope.
outer nuclear membrane viral budding during viral capsid envelopment
viral budding from outer nuclear membrane during viral capsid envelopment
virus budding from outer nuclear membrane by viral capsid envelopment
virus budding from outer nuclear membrane during viral capsid envelopment
suppression by virus of host translation termination
Any viral process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination of a host mRNA.
negative regulation by virus of host cell protein biosynthesis shutoff
negative regulation by virus of host cell protein biosynthetic process shutoff
suppression by virus of host termination of protein biosynthetic process
viral inhibition of host cell protein biosynthesis shutoff
viral inhibition of host cell protein biosynthetic process shutoff
viral inhibition of termination of host cell protein biosynthesis
viral inhibition of termination of host cell protein biosynthetic process
viral suppression of termination by host of host cell protein biosynthesis
viral suppression of termination by host of host cell protein biosynthetic process
suppression by virus of host intracellular interferon activity
Any viral process that results in the inhibition of interferon activity within the host cell.
negative regulation by virus of intracellular interferon activity
suppression by virus of intracellular interferon activity in host
suppression by virus of host cytokine production
Any viral process that results in the inhibition of host cell cytokine production.
negative regulation by virus of host cytokine production
suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I transmembrane protein complex. One mechanism of suppression is by direct inhibition of host tapasin, a type I transmembrane protein essential for the optimal expression of stable MHC class I molecules on the host cell surface. By inhibiting host tapasin activity, viruses can prevent presentation of their antigens at the cell surface, and thereby evade the host anti-viral immune response.
inhibition of host MHC class I molecule presentation by virus
negative regulation by virus of MHC class I cell surface presentation
suppression by virus of host MHC class I cell surface presentation
suppression by virus of host tapasin activity
suppression by virus of MHC class I cell surface presentation in host
The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).
modification by virus of host mRNA processing
Any viral process that interferes with the processing of mRNA in the host cell.
viral perturbation of host mRNA processing
obsolete suppression by virus of expression of host genes with introns
OBSOLETE. Any viral process that discriminates against and subsequently inhibits host transcripts containing introns, thus allowing only intronless viral mRNA to be fully processed.
suppression by virus of host mRNA splicing
Any viral process that inhibits the splicing of host mRNA, thus reducing host protein production.
negative regulation by virus of host mRNA splicing
suppression by virus of host splicing factor activity
viral dispersion of host splicing factors
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transcription of the viral genome.
Any viral process that interferes with and inhibits the assembly and function of polysomes.
viral mRNA export from host cell nucleus
The directed movement of intronless viral mRNA from the host nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation.
intronless viral mRNA export from host cell nucleus
intronless viral mRNA export from host nucleus
intronless viral mRNA export out of nucleus
intronless viral mRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
The addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule.
viral replication complex formation and maintenance
The process of organizing and assembling viral replication proteins in preparation for viral replication.
The process of restoring viral DNA after damage or errors in replication.
Binding to a receptor on the host cell surface.
cell surface antigen activity, host-interacting
Binding to a virion, either by binding to components of the capsid or the viral envelope.
obsolete suppression by virus of host complement neutralization
OBSOLETE. Any viral process that results in the inhibition of complement neutralization of the host cell.
suppression by virus of host cell cycle arrest
Viral interference in host cell processes that lead cell cycle arrest, allowing cell division to occur.
negative regulation by virus of cell cycle arrest
obsolete induction by virus of phosphorylation of host RNA polymerase II
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus activates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of host RNA polymerase II.
The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, into, out of, or within a host cell.
The refolding and structural rearrangements of individual capsid subunits to transition from the intermediate procapsid, to the more stable capsid structure.
A multimeric ring of proteins through which the DNA enters and exits the viral capsid.
recruitment of helicase-primase complex to DNA lesions
The recruitment of the helicase-primase complex to viral DNA lesions during viral DNA repair.
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the severity of viral infection and subsequent disease.
exit of virus from host cell nucleus by nuclear egress
The directed movement of an assembled viral particle out of the host cell nucleus by budding and fusion through the nuclear membranes. In this process, enveloped viral particles are formed by budding through the inner nuclear membrane. These perinuclear enveloped particles then fuse with the outer nuclear membrane to deliver a naked capsid into the host cytoplasm.
egress of viral procapsid from host cell nucleus
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the severity of viral infection and subsequent disease.
peptide cross-linking via (2S,3S,4Xi,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine sulfoxide
The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-threonine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of (2S,3S,4Xi,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine sulfoxide (3-methyl-L-lanthionine sulfoxide), as found in the antibiotic actagardine.
peptide cross-linking via (2S,3S,4Xi,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine sulphoxide
The covalent linkage of heme and a protein via 1'-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-heme-histidine, tele-heme-histidine).
A complex of proteins that form a scaffold around which the viral capsid is constructed.
The assembly and maintenance of the viral scaffold around which the viral capsid is constructed.
OBSOLETE. Antigenically dense structures located at the periphery of nuclei, close to but not abutting nuclear membranes. Assemblons contain the proteins for immature-capsid assembly; they are located at the periphery of a diffuse structure composed of proteins involved in DNA synthesis, which overlaps only minimally with the assemblons. More than one site can be present simultaneously.
Globular nuclear domains where the transcription and replication of the viral genome occurs. More than one site can be present simultaneously.
Binding to the extracellular matrix of a host cell.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of histone deacetylase, which catalyzes of the removal of acetyl groups from histones, proteins complexed to DNA in chromatin and chromosomes.
receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell
The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface.
virion attachment, binding of host cell surface receptor
coreceptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell
The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a co-receptor on the host cell surface.
virion attachment, binding of host cell surface coreceptor
Any process in which the viral genome is retained within the capsid during genome cleavage and packaging.
A vesicle used to transport the partial or complete virion between cellular compartments.
Interacts with chemokine receptors to reduce the action of a chemokine.
A location in the host cell nucleus where viral proteins colocalize late in infection prior to the onset of viral DNA synthesis. More than one site can be present simultaneously.
protein secretion by the type V secretion system
The process in which proteins mediate their own secretion across the outer membrane through a beta-barrel pore structure formed by the C-terminal domain of the protein precursor. Following passage across the outer membrane, the mature protein is released from the pore by an autocatalytic activity. Proteins secreted by the Type V system are first translocated across the plasma membrane by the Sec pathway.
protein secretion by the autotransporter system
protein secretion by the type V protein secretion system
4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + chorismate = 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate + L-glutamate. It is composed of two enzymatic activities (which may be present on one or two polypeptides); the first is a glutaminase which yields ammonia from glutamine, releasing glutamate. The ammonia is used by the second activity which catalyzes the amination of chorismate to form 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate.
chorismate:L-glutamine amido-ligase activity
para-aminobenzoic acid synthase activity
DNA structures that are not part of a chromosome.
regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
negative regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
downregulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
down regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
down-regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
inhibition of nucleocytoplasmic transport
positive regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
activation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
stimulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
upregulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
up regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
up-regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
regulation of protein export from nucleus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
regulation of protein export from cell nucleus
regulation of protein export out of nucleus
regulation of protein transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
negative regulation of protein export from nucleus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
downregulation of protein export from nucleus
down regulation of protein export from nucleus
down-regulation of protein export from nucleus
inhibition of protein export from nucleus
negative regulation of protein export from cell nucleus
negative regulation of protein export out of nucleus
negative regulation of protein-nucleus export
negative regulation of protein transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
positive regulation of protein export from nucleus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
activation of protein export from nucleus
positive regulation of protein export from cell nucleus
positive regulation of protein export out of nucleus
positive regulation of protein-nucleus export
positive regulation of protein transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
stimulation of protein export from nucleus
upregulation of protein export from nucleus
up regulation of protein export from nucleus
up-regulation of protein export from nucleus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of RNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
regulation of RNA import into cell nucleus
regulation of RNA transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
negative regulation of RNA import into nucleus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of RNA from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
downregulation of RNA import into nucleus
down regulation of RNA import into nucleus
down-regulation of RNA import into nucleus
negative regulation of RNA import into cell nucleus
negative regulation of RNA-nucleus import
negative regulation of RNA transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
positive regulation of RNA import into nucleus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of RNA from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
positive regulation of RNA import into cell nucleus
positive regulation of RNA-nucleus import
positive regulation of RNA transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
up regulation of RNA import into nucleus
up-regulation of RNA import into nucleus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
regulation of RNA export from cell nucleus
regulation of RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
negative regulation of RNA export from nucleus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
downregulation of RNA export from nucleus
down regulation of RNA export from nucleus
down-regulation of RNA export from nucleus
negative regulation of RNA export from cell nucleus
negative regulation of RNA export out of nucleus
negative regulation of RNA-nucleus export
negative regulation of RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
positive regulation of RNA export from nucleus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
positive regulation of RNA export from cell nucleus
positive regulation of RNA export out of nucleus
positive regulation of RNA-nucleus export
positive regulation of RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
up regulation of RNA export from nucleus
up-regulation of RNA export from nucleus
The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents.
The process of introducing a phosphate group into a carbohydrate, any organic compound based on the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
The directed movement of glycolipids, compounds containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
obsolete phosphorylated carbohydrate dephosphorylation
OBSOLETE. The process of removing a phosphate group from a phosphorylated carbohydrate, any organic compound based on the general formula Cx(H2O)y with a phosphate group attached to it.
The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphorylated lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving trisporic acid, a carotenoic acid derivative used as a pheromone in some species of Zygomycota.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trisporic acid.
Establishment of the dorsal filaments, elaborate specializations of the chorion that protrude from the anterior end of the egg and facilitate embryonic respiration.
Establishment of the micropyle, a single cone-shaped specialization of the chorion that allows sperm entry into the egg prior to fertilization.
branched duct epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system
Allocation of a set number of cells to each primary branch in an open tracheal system, prior to the onset of cell migration. This establishes different domains of cells within the tracheal placode.
The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
Binding to hydroxyapatite, the calcium phosphate mineral of formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 found both in rocks of nonorganic origin and as a component of bone and dentin.
The continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that involves first, an increase in resorption (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive bone formation (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis. An imbalance in the regulation of bone resorption and bone formation results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling, the processes of bone formation and resorption that combine to maintain skeletal integrity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling.
obsolete inositol or phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group into inositol or a phosphatidylinositol. Inositol is the cyclic alcohol 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, which is widely distributed in nature and acts as a growth factor in animals and microorganisms.
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol phosphate.
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthesis
phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphorylation
obsolete inositol phosphate dephosphorylation
OBSOLETE. The process of removing a phosphate group from any mono- or polyphosphorylated inositol.
The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphatidylinositol.
phosphatidylinositol phosphate catabolic process
phosphatidylinositol phosphate dephosphorylation
oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, with NAD or NADP as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
A large enclosure of aggregated pigment, typically bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c), that acts as a light-harvesting antenna structure and is characteristic of green photosynthetic bacteria (e.g. Chlorobiaceae). The BChl aggregates are organized into lamellar elements by pigment-pigment rather than pigment-protein interactions. Chlorosomes also contain BChl a, carotenoids, quinones, lipids, and proteins, and are attached to the cytoplasmic membrane via a BChl a-containing protein baseplate.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a hydrogenosome.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a glycosome.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a glyoxysome.
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a chromoplast and form the chromoplast envelope.
ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activator activity
Binds to and iincreases the activity of rubisco by the removal of otherwise inhibitory sugar phosphates: RuBP, and in some plants, 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate.
ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase activity
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase activase activity
The directed movement of isoprenoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Isoprenoids comprise a group of compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
The directed movement of terpenoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Terpenoids are a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and include derivatives with various functional groups.
The directed movement of tetraterpenoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Tetraterpenoids are terpenoids with eight isoprene units.
The directed movement of carotenoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carotenoids are tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.
An intracellular, often complex, membranous structure, sometimes with additional membranous lamellae inside, found in bacteria. They are associated with synthesis of DNA and secretion of proteins.
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato diiron disulfide
The incorporation of iron into a 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato diiron disulfide.
iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato diiron disulphide
Binding to N-acetylgalactosamine, 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose, the n-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.
metal ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of metal ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.
Binding to 3,4-didehydroretinal, a form of retinal that plays a role in the visual process in freshwater fish and some amphibians analogous to that of all-trans retinal in other vertebrates. 3,4-didehydro-11-cis-retinal combines with an opsin to form cyanopsin (cone) or porphyropsin (rod).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva from a cell or a tissue.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva.
The regulated release of hormones, substances with a specific regulatory effect on a particular organ or group of cells.
regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.
regulation of follicle stimulating hormone secretion
positive regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.
activation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
positive regulation of follicle stimulating hormone secretion
stimulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
upregulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
up regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
up-regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
negative regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.
downregulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
down regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
down-regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
inhibition of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
negative regulation of follicle stimulating hormone secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.
The regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.
regulation of hormone biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.
positive regulation of hormone biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.
activation of hormone biosynthetic process
positive regulation of hormone anabolism
positive regulation of hormone biosynthesis
positive regulation of hormone formation
positive regulation of hormone synthesis
stimulation of hormone biosynthetic process
upregulation of hormone biosynthetic process
up regulation of hormone biosynthetic process
up-regulation of hormone biosynthetic process
positive regulation of hormone secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.
negative regulation of hormone secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.
positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
activation of lipid biosynthetic process
positive regulation of lipid biosynthesis
stimulation of lipid biosynthetic process
upregulation of lipid biosynthetic process
up regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
up-regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
The carbamoylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine.
peptidyl-S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine dehydration
The dehydration of peptidyl-S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-cyano-L-cysteine.
formation of peptidyl-serine thiocyanate ester
iron incorporation into hydrogenase diiron subcluster via L-cysteine ligation
The incorporation of iron into an L-cysteinyl diiron subcluster, found in Fe-hydrogenase.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via S-amidino-L-cysteine
OBSOLETE. Active site formation via the transient amidinylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-amidino-L-cysteine.
N-terminal peptidyl-isoleucine methylation
The methylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-isoleucine.
The methylation of the N-terminal leucine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-leucine.
N-terminal peptidyl-tyrosine methylation
The methylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-tyrosine.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloheximide stimulus. Cycloheximide (actidione) is an antibiotic produced by some Streptomyces species which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.
nucleoside triphosphate adenylate kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + AMP = nucleoside diphosphate + ADP.
nucleoside-triphosphate:AMP phosphotransferase activity
nucleoside triphosphate-adenosine monophosphate transphosphorylase activity
nucleoside-triphosphate-adenylate kinase activity
tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate, a folate derivative comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain of glutamate residues.
tetrahydrofolyl-[Glu](n) metabolic process
tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate, a folate derivative comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain of glutamate residues.
folic acid-containing compound polyglutamylation
tetrahydrofolyl-[Glu](n) biosynthetic process
tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate biosynthesis
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.
regulation of mitochondrial envelope permeability
regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane
The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue.
Binding to calcium oxalate, CaC2O4, a salt of oxalic acid. In animals, it may be excreted in urine or retained in the form of urinary calculi.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate -> 15-cis-phytoene + 2 diphosphate.
Binding to a tetrapyrrole, a compound containing four pyrrole nuclei variously substituted and linked to each other through carbons at the alpha position.
The directed movement of substances within a cell.
obsolete negative regulation of crystal formation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the spontaneous (nonenzymatic) formation of crystals in a solution, for example, calcium oxalate crystals in urine.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of substances between any membrane of a cell, including the plasma membrane and its regions.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of pectinesterase.
The formation of bonds from two or more atoms within the same ligand to a metal atom in complexes in which the metal is part of a ring.
acyltransferase activity, acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor), with the acyl group being converted into alkyl on transfer.
acyltransferase, acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer
transferase activity, transferring acyl groups, acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer
Binding to a transition metal ions; a transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.
transition metal ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of transition metal ions from one side of a membrane to the other. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.
obsolete intracellular transition metal ion homeostasis
OBSOLETE. A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of transition metal ions within a cell. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.
triphosphoribosyl-dephospho-CoA synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-dephospho-CoA = 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA + adenine.
2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3-dephospho-CoA synthase activity
ATP:3-dephospho-CoA 5''-triphosphoribosyltransferase activity
ATP:dephospho-CoA 5-triphosphoribosyl transferase activity
N-terminal peptidyl-glycine N-palmitoylation
The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen (N) atom in an N-terminal glycine residue to form N-palmitoyl-glycine.
Catalysis of the transfer of a pyruvyl (oxopropanoyl) group from one compound to another.
alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->3) linkage.
alpha-(1->6)-fucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->6) linkage.
Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-L-fucosyl residue from GDP- beta-L-fucose to the serine hydroxy group of a protein acceptor.
GDP-beta-L-fucose:polypeptide O-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-fucose:polypeptide fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-fucose protein O-fucosyltransferase activity
GDP-L-fucose:polypeptide fucosyltransferase activity
Binding to an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention sequence, a specific peptide sequence that ensures a protein is retained within the ER.
endoplasmic reticulum retention sequence binding
peptide cross-linking via 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-phenylalanine
The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an L-phenylalanine residue to form 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-phenylalanine.
peptide cross-linking via 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-phenylalanine
The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an L-phenylalanine residue to form 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-phenylalanine.
peptide cross-linking via 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-allo-threonine
The post-translational cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an L-threonine residue to form 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-allo-threonine.
The racemization of peptidyl-L-threo-threonine at the alpha-carbon to form D-allo-threonine. This is coupled with the formation of the cross-link 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-allo-threonine.
regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell.
negative regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter.
downregulation of neurotransmitter secretion
down regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
down-regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
inhibition of neurotransmitter secretion
A protein complex providing a discrete opening in a membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex. A pore complex is a small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of liquids and/or gases.
sodium-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) => ATP + H2O + Na+(in), by a rotational mechanism.
sodium-translocating F-type ATPase activity
sodium-transporting two-sector ATPase activity
proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
Enables the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate by the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other by a rotational mechanism driven by a gradient according to the reaction: ADP + H2O + phosphate + H+(in) -> ATP + H+(out).
hydrogen ion translocating F-type ATPase activity
hydrogen ion transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
hydrogen ion transporting two-sector ATPase activity
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-phosphotransferase activity
type I phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase regulator activity
Modulates the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity.
1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulator activity
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, class I, regulator activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyadenosine + H2O = deoxyinosine + NH3.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytochelatins, any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. The structure is of the type (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl)n-glycine, where n is 2 to 11.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochelatins, any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. The structure is of the type (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl)n-glycine, where n is 2 to 11.
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a nucleotide to produce a phosphorylated nucleoside.
nucleoside monophosphate phosphorylation
The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a nucleoside monophosphate to produce a polyphosphorylated nucleoside.
azetidine-2-carboxylic acid acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid + acetyl-CoA = CoA-SH + N-acetyl azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.
The directed movement of carboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of carboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
The addition of a carbamoyl group to a protein amino acid. A carbamoyl group is the acyl group -CO-NH2.
N-terminal peptidyl-alanine N-carbamoylation
The carbamylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative N-carbamoyl-L-alanine.
N-terminal peptidyl-alanine N-carbamylation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid. Hydroxylysine is found in collagen and commonly has galactose and then glucose added sequentially by glycosyltransferases.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone, as carried out by individual cells. Although 3-hydroxybutyrate is not a ketone, it is classed as a ketone body because it exists in an equilibrium with acetoacetate. Ketone bodies may accumulate in excessive amounts in the body in starvation, diabetes mellitus or in other defects of carbohydrate metabolism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Biosynthesis involves the formation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA, which is cleaved to acetate and acetyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Ketone bodies can be used as an energy source as an alternative to glucose. Utilization of ketone bodies in peripheral tissues involves conversion of acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA, which is then converted to two molecules of acetyl-CoA.
The directed movement of a cell or organism towards a source of light.
The directed movement of a cell or organism away from a source of light.
A simple form of learning whereby the repeated presence of a stimulus leads to a change in the probability or strength of the response to that stimulus. There is no association of one type of stimulus with another, rather it is a generalized response to the environment.
A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. This is exemplified by the failure of a person to show a startle response to a loud noise that has been repeatedly presented.
An increased in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. For example, a shock to the tail of the marine snail Aplysia, to which the snail responds by withdrawing its gill, will result in increased gill withdrawal the next time the skin is touched.
proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism
Enables the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism.
ATP phosphohydrolase (H+-transporting) activity
hydrogen ion translocating A-type ATPase activity
hydrogen ion translocating V-type ATPase activity
hydrogen ion transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism
sodium-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Na+(out), by a rotational mechanism.
ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+-transporting) activity
ATP synthase, sodium ion specific activity
Na(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase activity
sodium-translocating V-type ATPase activity
sodium transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transport
The directed movement of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate transport
adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate transport
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate transporter activity
adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate transmembrane transporter activity
Binding to a nuclear retinoid X receptor.
nuclear thyroid hormone receptor binding
Binding to a nuclear thyroid hormone receptor.
ligand-dependent thyroid hormone receptor interactor activity
cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum transport
The directed movement of substances from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
The directed movement of a peptide antigen into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein.
NAD-dependent histone H3K9 deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.
NAD-dependent H3-K9 histone deacetylase activity
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K9 specific)
NAD-dependent histone H4K16 deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone H4 protein.
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H4-K16 specific)
NAD-dependent histone H4-K16 deacetylase activity
histone H4K16 acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16). This reaction represents the addition of an acetyl group to the lysine at position 16 of histone H4.
histone acetylase activity (H4-K16 specific)
histone acetyltransferase activity (H4-K16 specific)
histone lysine acetyltransferase activity (H4-K16 specific)
obsolete histone lysine N-methyltransferase activity (H3-K24 specific)
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 24 of the histone H3 protein.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 9). This reaction is the addition of up to three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.
histone lysine N-methyltransferase activity (H3-K9 specific)
histone methylase activity (H3-K9 specific)
histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K9 specific)
histone H3K36 methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 36) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 36). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein.
histone-H3K36 methyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-methyltransferase activity (H3-K36 specific)
histone methylase activity (H3-K36 specific)
histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K36 specific)
histone H3K27 methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 27) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 27). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 27 of the histone H3 protein.
histone-H3K27 methyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-methyltransferase activity (H3-K27 specific)
histone methylase activity (H3-K27 specific)
histone methylase activity (H3-K56 specific)
histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K27 specific)
Binding to TAP protein, transporter associated with antigen processing protein. TAP protein is a heterodimeric peptide transporter consisting of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2.
Binding to the TAP1 subunit of TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) protein.
Binding to the TAP2 subunit of TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) protein.
Binding to tapasin, a member of the MHC class I loading complex which bridges the TAP peptide transporter to class I molecules.
beta-1,4-mannosylglycolipid beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in a beta-1,3 linkage to the mannose(beta-1,4)Glc disaccharide core of glycolipids.
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:beta-D-mannosyl-glycolipid beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Binding to a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
The formation of a protein dimer, a macromolecular structure consists of two noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.
regulation of haemoglobin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.
activation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of haemoglobin biosynthesis
positive regulation of haemoglobin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of hemoglobin anabolism
positive regulation of hemoglobin biosynthesis
positive regulation of hemoglobin formation
positive regulation of hemoglobin synthesis
stimulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
upregulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
up regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.
downregulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
down regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
inhibition of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of haemoglobin biosynthesis
negative regulation of haemoglobin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of hemoglobin anabolism
negative regulation of hemoglobin biosynthesis
negative regulation of hemoglobin formation
negative regulation of hemoglobin synthesis
N-acetyllactosamine beta-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-D-glucuronic acid to N-acetyllactosamine (galactosyl beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine).
galactosyl beta-1,4 N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,3 glucuronosyltransferase activity
asioloorosomucoid beta-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA to asioloorosomucoid.
galactosyl beta-1,3 N-acetylgalactosamine beta-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA to the disaccharide galactosyl beta-1,3 N-acetylgalactosamine, a common component of glycoproteins and glycolipids.
N-hydroxyarylamine O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an N-hydroxyarylamine = CoA + an N-acetoxyarylamine.
acetyl-CoA:N-hydroxyarylamine O-acetyltransferase activity
arylhydroxamate N,O-acetyltransferase activity
N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene-O-acetyltransferase activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which X-H and Y-H form X-Y.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with other acceptors
oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with oxygen as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which X-H and Y-H form X-Y and the acceptor is oxygen.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces quinone or similar compound.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, with other known acceptors
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen reduces a known acceptor other than a cytochrome, an iron-sulfur protein, NAD, NADP, or a quinone or similar compound.
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, with NAD(P)H as one donor, and the other dehydrogenated
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from NADH or NADPH and one other donor, and the latter donor is dehydrogenated.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, flavin as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a flavin.
Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-2-acetyl-6-(3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-hydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one + NAD+ = (S)-usnate + 2 H+ + NADH.
reduced-(S)-usnate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (ether-bond-forming)
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of conjugation, the union or introduction of genetic information from compatible mating types that results in a genetically different individual.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NADP+ = (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate + H+ + NADPH.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate:NADP+ 6-oxidoreductase activity
2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate dehydrogenase activity
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 5-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate = NADH + (4S)-4,6-dihydroxy-2,5-dioxohexanoate.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate (3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonic acid) dehydrogenase activity
2-keto-3-deoxygluconate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)) dehydrogenase activity
2-keto-3-deoxygluconate 5-dehydrogenase activity
2-keto-3-deoxygluconate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinitol + NAD+ = L-ribulose + H+ + NADH.
L-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase (ribulose forming) activity
dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose 4-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose + NADP+ = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose + H+ + NADPH.
dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase activity
dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose dehydrogenase (4-reductase)
TDP-6-deoxy-L-talose dehydrogenase activity
thymidine diphospho-6-deoxy-L-talose dehydrogenase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 6-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 NAD+ + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3 H+ + 2 NADH + UDP-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucuronate.
UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose:NAD oxidoreductase activity
UDPacetylglucosamine dehydrogenase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:NAD+ 6-oxidoreductase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine dehydrogenase activity
16-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 16-alpha-hydroxysteroid = NADPH + H+ + 16-oxosteroid.
16alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)+ 16-oxidoreductase activity
16alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
16alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity
17-alpha,20-alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + 17-alpha,20-alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one = NAD(P)H + H+ + 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone.
20alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)+ 20-oxidoreductase activity
20alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity
pregnan-21-ol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + pregnan-21-ol = H+ + NADH + pregnan-21-al.
21-hydroxysteroid:NAD+ 21-oxidoreductase activity
21-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
pregnan-21-ol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + pregnan-21-ol = H+ + NADPH + pregnan-21-al.
21-hydroxysteroid:NADP+ 21-oxidoreductase activity
21-hydroxy steroid (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase activity
21-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
21-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) activity
21-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity
NADP-21-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
3-alpha-hydroxy-5-beta-androstane-17-one 3-alpha-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 3-alpha-hydroxy-5-beta-androstane-17-one = NADH + H+ + 5-beta-androstane-3,17-dione.
3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstane-17-one 3alpha-dehydrogenase activity
3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-steroid:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-steroid dehydrogenase activity
etiocholanolone 3alpha-dehydrogenase activity
etiocholanolone 3-alpha-dehydrogenase activity
hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate + NAD+ = (1S,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-oxocyclohexane-1-carboxylate + H+ + NADH.
(-)t-3,t-4-dihydroxycyclohexane-c-1-carboxylate-NAD oxidoreductase activity
(1S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
dihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase activity
2-dehydropantolactone reductase (A-specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NADP+.
(R)-pantolactone:NADP+ oxidoreductase (A-specific)
2-dehydropantoyl-lactone reductase (A-specific) activity
sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + 3-beta-hydroxy-4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholest-7-ene-4-beta-carboxylate = NAD(P)H + H+ + CO2 + 4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3-one.
3-beta-hydroxy-4-alpha-methylcholestenecarboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity
3-beta-hydroxy-4-beta-methylcholestenecarboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity
3-beta-hydroxy-4-beta-methylcholestenoate dehydrogenase activity
sterol 4-alpha-carboxylic decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cholate + NADP+ = 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADPH.
12alpha-hydroxysteroid:NADP+ 12-oxidoreductase activity
12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
12alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity
12-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
NAD-dependent 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
NADP-12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
glycerol-3-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H+ + NADPH.
glycerin-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
glycerol phosphate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase activity
L-glycerol 3-phosphate:NADP oxidoreductase activity
NADPH-dependent glycerin-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA = NADH + H+ + 2-methylaceto-acetyl-CoA.
(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
2-methyl-3-hydroxy-butyryl CoA dehydrogenase activity
2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity
cholest-5-ene-3-beta,7-alpha-diol 3-beta-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol = NADH + H+ + 7-alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one.
3-beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-C(27)-steroid oxidoreductase activity
cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha-diol:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha-diol 3beta-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate = NADPH + H+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate.
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP+ 11-oxidoreductase activity
NADPH-dependent prostaglandin D2 11-keto reductase activity
prostaglandin 11-keto reductase activity
prostaglandin-D(2) 11-ketoreductase activity
prostaglandin-D(2) 11-reductase activity
prostaglandin-D(2) ketoreductase activity
prostaglandin-D2 11-ketoreductase activity
reductase, 15-hydroxy-11-oxoprostaglandin
indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-ethanol + NAD+ = (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + H+ + NADH.
(indol-3-yl)ethanol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
indole-3-ethanol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADPH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-ethanol + NADP+ = (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + H+ + NADPH.
(indol-3-yl)ethanol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
indole-3-ethanol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
indoleacetaldehyde (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
15-hydroxyprostaglandin-D dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate = NADPH + H+ + (5Z,13E)-9-alpha-hydroxy-11,15-dioxoprosta-5,13-dienoate.
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase activity
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP)
dehydrogenase, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
NADP-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
NADP-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
NADP-linked prostaglandin D2 dehydrogenase activity
NADP-specific 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
prostaglandin-D 15-dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) activity
prostaglandin-D 15-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + prostaglandin E(1) = 15-dehydro-prostaglandin E1 + H+ + NADPH.
(13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase activity
type II 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity
7-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + a 7-beta-hydroxysteroid = NADPH + H+ + a 7-oxosteroid.
7beta-hydroxysteroid:NADP+ 7-oxidoreductase activity
7beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+)
NADP-dependent 7beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
NADP-dependent 7-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + androsterone = NAD(P)H + H+ + 5-alpha-androstane-3,17-dione.
3(17)alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
3(or 17)alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
3(or 17)alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
3(or 17)-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol + NADP+ = 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one + H+ + NADPH.
3beta,20alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity
3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
3-beta(or 20-alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
dehydrogenase, 3beta,20alpha-hydroxy steroid
3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + OH-acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = NADH + H+ + B-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein].
(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-acyl-carrier-protein:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] reductase (NADH) activity
3-oxoacyl-acyl carrier protein (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) reductase activity
3-oxoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein reductase (NADH)
androsterone dehydrogenase (A-specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + androsterone = NAD(P)H + H+ + 5-alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD(P)+.
3alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (A-specific)
3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (A-specific)
3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (A-specific) activity
benzyl-2-methyl-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl (2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = benzyl 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + H+ + NADPH.
benzyl-(2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxybutanoate:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
benzyl 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity
6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin 2'-reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 6-lactoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin = NADPH + H+ + 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin.
6-lactoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin:NADP+ 2'-oxidoreductase activity
6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin (2'-oxo)reductase activity
6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin 2'-reductase activity
6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin reductase activity
pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin reductase activity
(R)-4-hydroxyphenyllactate dehydrogenase (NADPH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + (R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate = NADPH + H+ + 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate.
hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase activity
4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate + NAD+ = 4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate + H+ + NADH.
trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate:NAD+ 4-oxidoreductase activity
trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase activity
diethyl 2-methyl-3-oxosuccinate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: diethyl (2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-hydroxysuccinate + NADP+ = diethyl 2-methyl-3-oxosuccinate + H+ + NADPH.
diethyl-(2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-hydroxysuccinate:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
3-alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate + NADP+ = 3-oxoglycyrrhetinate + H+ + NADPH.
3alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
3alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate dehydrogenase activity
15-hydroxyprostaglandin-I dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + prostaglandin I(2) = 15-dehydro-prostaglandin I(2) + H+ + NADPH.
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-6,9alpha-epoxy-11alpha,15-dihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase activity
NADP+-dependent PGI2-specific 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity
NADP-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin (prostacyclin) dehydrogenase activity
15-hydroxyicosatetraenoate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + (15S)-15-hydroxy-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate = NAD(P)H + H+ + 15-oxo-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate.
(15S)-15-hydroxy-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate:NAD(P)+ 15-oxidoreductase activity
15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate dehydrogenase activity
testosterone dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + NAD+ = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NADH.
17beta-hydroxysteroid:NAD+ 17-oxidoreductase activity
3alpha,17beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity
3alpha(17beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+)
3-alpha(17-beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
3alpha(or 17beta)-hydroxysteroid:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
testosterone 17beta-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: codeine + NADP+ = codeinone + H+ + NADPH.
Catalysis of the reaction: (7S)-salutaridinol + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + salutaridine.
salutaridinol:NADP+ 7-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NAD+ = D-ribulose + H+ + NADH.
D-arabinitol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase (D-ribulose-forming)
D-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase (ribulose-forming) activity
tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + scytalone = NADPH + H+ + 1,3,6,8-naphthalenetetrol.
scytalone:NADP+ delta5-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + 2 NADP+ = biopterin + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH.
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-carnitine + NAD+ = 3-dehydrocarnitine + H+ + NADH.
(S)-carnitine:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
androsterone dehydrogenase (B-specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + androsterone = NAD(P)H + H+ + 5-alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD(P)+.
3alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (B-specific)
3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (B-specific)
3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (B-specific) activity
3alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity
hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity
3-alpha-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: lithocholate + NAD+ = 3-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADH.
3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-cholanate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
3alpha-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase activity
alpha-hydroxy-cholanate dehydrogenase activity
androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol = 17-beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one + NADH + H+.
(R)-20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
3alpha,20beta-hydroxysteroid:NAD+-oxidoreductase activity
3alpha(or 20beta)-hydroxysteroid:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
3alpha(or 20beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
3-alpha(or 20-beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
delta4-3-ketosteroid hydrogenase activity
NADH-20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + testosterone = NADPH + H+ + androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.
17beta-hydroxysteroid:NADP+ 17-oxidoreductase activity
NADP-dependent testosterone-17beta-oxidoreductase activity
testosterone 17beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 3-carboxy-2-hydroxyadipate = NADH + H+ + CO2 + 2-keto-adipate.
(-)-1-hydroxy-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) activity
(-)-1-hydroxy-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
(1R,2S)-1-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
2-hydroxy-3-carboxyadipate dehydrogenase activity
3-carboxy-2-hydroxyadipate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) activity
3-carboxy-2-hydroxyadipate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
3-carboxy-2-hydroxyadipate dehydrogenase activity
oxaloglycolate reductase (decarboxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycerate + CO2 + NAD(P)+ = NAD(P)H + H+ + 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate.
D-glycerate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (carboxylating)
3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol + NADP+ = 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + H+ + NADPH.
3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
m-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (NADP) dehydrogenase activity
m-hydroxybenzylalcohol dehydrogenase activity
m-hydroxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity
(R)-2-hydroxy-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxystearate + NAD+ = 2-oxostearate + H+ + NADH.
(R)-2-hydroxy-fatty-acid dehydrogenase activity
(R)-2-hydroxystearate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
D-2-hydroxy fatty acid dehydrogenase activity
(S)-2-hydroxy-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxystearate + NAD+ = 2-oxostearate + H+ + NADH.
(S)-2-hydroxy-fatty-acid dehydrogenase activity
(S)-2-hydroxystearate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
L-2-hydroxy fatty acid dehydrogenase activity
D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome c-553) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c553] = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c553] + 2 H+ + pyruvate.
(R)-lactate:ferricytochrome-c-553 2-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-cheilanthifoline + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-stylopine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.
(S)-cheilanthifoline,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (methylenedioxy-bridge-forming)
(S)-cheilanthifoline oxidase (methylenedioxy-bridge-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-cheilanthifoline + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.
(S)-scoulerine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (methylenedioxy-bridge-forming)
(S)-scoulerine oxidase (methylenedioxy-bridge-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-N-methylcoclaurine + (R)-N-methylcoclaurine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = berbamunine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-reticuline + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> salutaridine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.
(R)-reticuline oxidase (C-C phenol-coupling) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-canadine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.
(S)-tetrahydroberberine synthase activity
(S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine oxidase (methylenedioxy-bridge-forming) activity
vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-sensitive) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phylloquinol + a protein with a disulfide bond = phylloquinone + a protein with reduced L-cysteine residues.
phylloquinone epoxide reductase activity
vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-insensitive) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-phytyl-2,3-dihydronaphthoquinone + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O = 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + 1,4-dithiothreitol.
vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase activity
polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: polyvinyl alcohol + ferricytochrome c = oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + ferrocytochrome c + H+.
polyvinyl-alcohol:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
polyvinyl-alcohol:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
polyvinyl alcohol:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity
(R)-pantolactone dehydrogenase (flavin) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + A = 2-dehydropantolactone + AH(2).
(R)-pantolactone:acceptor oxidoreductase (flavin-containing)
(R)-pantoyllactone dehydrogenase (flavin) activity
2-dehydropantolactone reductase (flavin) activity
2-dehydropantoyl-lactone reductase (flavin) activity
glucose-fructose oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose + D-glucose = D-glucitol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.
D-glucose:D-fructose oxidoreductase activity
trans-acenaphthene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (+-)-trans-acenaphthene-1,2-diol + 2 NADP+ = acenaphthene-1,2-dione + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH.
(+-)-trans-acenaphthene-1,2-diol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
trans-1,2-acenaphthenediol dehydrogenase activity
obsolete L-ascorbate-cytochrome-b5 reductase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ferricytochrome B5 + ascorbate = ferrocytochrome B5 + monodehydroascorbate.
sulochrin oxidase [(+)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 2 sulochrin = 2 (2S)-bisdechlorogeodin + 2 H2O.
sulochrin:oxygen oxidoreductase (cyclizing, (+)-specific)
sulochrin oxidase [(-)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 2 sulochrin = 2 (2R)-bisdechlorogeodin + 2 H2O.
sulochrin:oxygen oxidoreductase (cyclizing, (-)-specific)
phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O.
hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity
peroxidation-inhibiting protein activity
phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity
hydrogen:quinone oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H(2) + menaquinone = reduced menaquinone.
hydrogen:menaquinone oxidoreductase activity
hydrogen-ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity
quinone-reactive Ni/Fe-hydrogenase activity
N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin hydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H(2) = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + H+.
5,10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin hydrogenase activity
H(2)-dependent methylene-H(4)MPT dehydrogenase activity
H(2)-forming N(5),N(10)-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase activity
H2-dependent methylene-H4MPT dehydrogenase activity
H2-forming N5,N10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase activity
hydrogen:5,10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin oxidoreductase activity
hydrogen:N(5),N(10)-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin oxidoreductase activity
hydrogen:N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin oxidoreductase activity
N(5),N(10)-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin hydrogenase activity
N5,N10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase activity
7,8-dihydroxykynurenate 8,8a-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + O2 = 5-(3-carboxylato-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)-4,6-dihydroxypyridine-2-carboxylate + H+.
7,8-dihydroxykynurenate:oxygen 8,8alpha-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
7,8-dihydroxykynurenate:oxygen 8,8a-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
7,8-dihydroxykynurenate 8,8alpha-dioxygenase activity
7,8-dihydroxykynurenate oxygenase activity
3-carboxyethylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate = 2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-diene-1,9-dioate.
2,3-dihydroxy-beta-phenylpropionate oxygenase activity
2,3-dihydroxy-beta-phenylpropionic dioxygenase activity
3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase activity
3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione 4,5-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + O2 = 3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxo-4,5:9,10-disecoandrosta-1(10),2-dien-4-oate + H+.
3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione:oxygen 4,5-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
3-alkylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity
2,3-dihydroxybenzoate 2,3-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 2-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate + 2 H+.
2,3-dihydroxybenzoate:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
2,3-dihydroxybenzoate 2,3-oxygenase activity
2,4'-dihydroxyacetophenone dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4'-dihydroxyacetophenone + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzoate + formate + 2 H+.
(4-hydroxybenzoyl)methanol oxygenase activity
2,4'-dihydroxyacetophenone oxidoreductase (C-C-bond-cleaving)
4-hydroxycatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + benzene-1,2,4-triol = maleylacetate.
2,5-dihydroxypyridine 5,6-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + 2,5-dihydroxypyridine = formate + maleamate.
2,5-dihydroxypyridine:oxygen 5,6-oxidoreductase activity
2,5-dihydroxypyridine oxygenase activity
Photinus-luciferin 4-monooxygenase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + ATP + Photinus luciferin = light + diphosphate + AMP + CO2 + oxidized Photinus luciferin.
Photinus-luciferin:oxygen 4-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, ATP-hydrolysing)
Photinus luciferin 4-monooxygenase (adenosine triphosphate-hydrolyzing)
Photinus-luciferin 4-monooxygenase (ATP-hydrolysing)
3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 3-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-4-one = carbon monoxide + N-formylanthranilate.
(1H)-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase activity
1H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase activity
3-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-4-one 2,4-dioxygenase (CO-forming)
3-hydroxy-4(1H)-one, 2,4-dioxygenase activity
3-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase activity
quinoline-3,4-diol 2,4-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyuridine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone + CO2 + succinate + uracil.
2'-deoxyuridine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (1'-hydroxylating)
pyrimidine-deoxynucleoside,2-oxoglutarate 1'-dioxygenase activity
pyrimidine-deoxynucleoside 1'-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyuridine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = CO2 + succinate + uridine.
2'-deoxyuridine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (2'-hydroxylating)
pyrimidine-deoxynucleoside,2-oxoglutarate 2'-dioxygenase activity
pyrimidine-deoxynucleoside 2'-dioxygenase activity
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside 2'-hydroxylase activity
thymidine 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase activity
3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridinecarboxylate dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-5-carboxylate = NADP+ + 2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate.
2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine 5-carboxylic acid dioxygenase activity
3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-5-carboxylate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
3-hydroxy-3-methylpyridinecarboxylate dioxygenase activity
methylhydroxypyridine carboxylate dioxygenase activity
methylhydroxypyridinecarboxylate oxidase activity
3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan 6a-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (6aR,11aR)-3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + H2O + NADP+. (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan is also known as (-)-glycinol.
(6aR,11aR)-3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6a-hydroxylating)
3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan 6a-hydroxylase activity
3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan 6alpha-monooxygenase
5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate 3'-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + trans-5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate = H2O + NADP+ + trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinate.
5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate/shikimate 3'-hydroxylase activity
coumaroylquinate(coumaroylshikimate) 3'-monooxygenase activity
trans-5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3'-hydroxylating)
methyltetrahydroprotoberberine 14-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + (S)-N-methylcanadine = H2O + NADP+ + allocryptopine.
(S)-cis-N-methyltetrahydroberberine 14-monooxygenase activity
(S)-cis-N-methyltetrahydroprotoberberine-14-hydroxylase activity
(S)-N-methylcanadine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (14-hydroxylating)
methyltetrahydroprotoberberine 14-hydroxylase activity
hydroxyphenylacetonitrile 2-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxymandelonitrile + H2O + NADP+.
4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating)
4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile hydroxylase activity
4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + progesterone = H2O + NADP+ + testosterone acetate.
17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, NADPH2:oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating, side-chain cleaving)
androstenedione, NADPH2:oxygen oxidoreductase (17-hydroxylating, lactonizing)
ketosteroid,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating, ester-producing/20-hydroxylating, side-chain cleaving/17-hydroxylating, lactonizing)
progesterone, NADPH2:oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating, ester-producing)
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + protopine = 6-hydroxyprotopine + H2O + NADP+.
protopine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating)
dihydrosanguinarine 10-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrosanguinarine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine + H2O + NADP+.
dihydrosanguinarine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (10-hydroxylating)
dihydrosanguinarine 10-hydroxylase activity
dihydrochelirubine 12-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrochelirubine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine + H2O + NADP+.
dihydrochelirubine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (12-hydroxylating)
dihydrochelirubine 12-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + H2O + NADP+.
benzoyl-CoA,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
L-lysine 6-monooxygenase (NADPH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + NADPH + O2 = N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + H2O + NADP+.
L-lysine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating)
27-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + 27-hydroxycholesterol = H2O + NADP+ + 7-alpha,27-dihydroxycholesterol.
27-hydroxycholesterol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (7alpha-hydroxylating)
27-hydroxycholesterol 7a-hydroxylase activity
27-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity
27-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity
27-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-monooxygenase activity
4-hydroxyquinoline 3-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + quinolin-4-ol = H2O + NAD+ + quinoline-3,4-diol.
1-H-4-oxoquinoline 3-monooxygenase activity
quinolin-4(1H)-one,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-oxygenating)
quinolin-4(1H)-one 3-monooxygenase activity
3-hydroxyphenylacetate 6-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NAD(P)H + 3-hydroxyphenylacetate = H2O + NAD(P)+ + homogentisate.
3-hydroxyphenylacetate,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating)
3-hydroxyphenylacetate 6-monooxygenase activity
2-hydroxycyclohexanone 2-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxycyclohexan-1-one + NADPH + O2 = 6-oxohexanoate + H2O + NADP+.
2-hydroxycyclohexan-1-one,NADPH:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (1,2-lactonizing)
androst-4-ene-3,17-dione monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + O2 = A + H2O + testololactone.
4-androstene-3,17-dione monooxygenase activity
androst-4-ene-3,17-dione 17-oxidoreductase activity
androst-4-ene-3,17-dione-hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (13-hydroxylating, lactonizing)
androst-4-ene-3,17-dione hydroxylase activity
androstene-3,17-dione hydroxylase activity
phylloquinone monooxygenase (2,3-epoxidizing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + phylloquinone = 2,3-epoxyphylloquinone + A + H2O.
phylloquinone,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (2,3-epoxidizing)
Latia-luciferin monooxygenase (demethylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 O2 + donor-H2 + Latia luciferin = light + H2O + acceptor + formate + CO2 + oxidized Latia luciferin.
Latia-luciferin,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)
Latia luciferin monooxygenase (demethylating)
CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxyglucose reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD(P)+ + CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose = NAD(P)H + CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose.
CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose:NAD(P)+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
CDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose-3-dehydrogenase system activity
CDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose reductase activity
CDP-4-keto-deoxy-glucose reductase activity
cytidine diphosphate 4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose-3-dehydrogenase activity
cytidine diphospho-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose reductase activity
NAD(P)H:CDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose oxidoreductase activity
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (phosphorylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + NADP+ + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate = NADPH + 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate.
dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde phosphate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) (phosphorylating)
D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) (phosphorylating)
NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase activity
NADP-triose phosphate dehydrogenase activity
triosephosphate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) activity
triosephosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase (acylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + CoA + 2-keto-isovalerate = NADH + CO2 + isobutyryl-CoA.
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-methyl-propanoylating)
aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + 2-aminomuconate semialdehyde = NADH + 2-amino-muconate.
2-aminomuconate-6-semialdehyde:NAD+ 6-oxidoreductase activity
2-aminomuconate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
2-hydroxymuconic acid semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
alpha-aminomuconic epsilon-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
alpha-hydroxymuconic epsilon-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxycholestan-26-al 26-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestan-26-al = NADH + 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate.
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al:NAD+ 26-oxidoreductase activity
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al dehydrogenase activity
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxycholestan-26-al 26-dehydrogenase activity
3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxycholestan-26-al 26-dehydrogenase activity
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxycholestan-26-al 26-oxidoreductase activity
cholestanetriol-26-al 26-dehydrogenase activity
trihydroxydeoxycoprostanal dehydrogenase activity
hexadecanal dehydrogenase (acylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + NAD+ + palmitaldehyde = H+ + NADH + palmitoyl-CoA.
hexadecanal:NAD+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating)
4-trimethylammoniobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 4-trimethylammoniobutanal = NADH + 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate.
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity
4-trimethylammoniobutanal:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + H2O = NADH + 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-guanidinobutanal + H2O + NAD+ = 4-guanidinobutanoate + 2 H+ + NADH.
4-guanidinobutanal:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
4-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity
alpha-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity
(R)-3-hydroxyacid-ester dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ethyl (R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate + NADP+ = ethyl 3-oxohexanoate + H+ + NADPH.
(R)-3-hydroxyacid ester dehydrogenase activity
ethyl-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
(S)-3-hydroxyacid-ester dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ethyl (S)-3-hydroxyhexanoate + NADP+ = ethyl 3-oxohexanoate + H+ + NADPH.
(S)-3-hydroxyacid ester dehydrogenase activity
ethyl-(S)-3-hydroxyhexanoate:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
phenylglyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + NAD+ + phenylglyoxylate = benzoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
phenylglyoxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome-c-553) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ferricytochrome C-553 + formate = ferrocytochrome C-553 + CO2.
formate:ferricytochrome-c-553 oxidoreductase activity
formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome c-553)
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + O2 + phosphate + pyruvate = acetyl phosphate + CO2 + H2O2.
phosphate-dependent pyruvate oxidase activity
pyruvate:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
aldehyde dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + a quinone + H2O = a carboxylate + a quinol.
aldehyde:(pyrroloquinoline-quinone) oxidoreductase activity
aldehyde dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity
aldehyde dehydrogenase (pyrroloquinoline-quinone)
kynurenate-7,8-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + NAD+ = 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + H+ + NADH.
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate dehydrogenase activity
7,8-dihydroxykynurenic acid 7,8-diol dehydrogenase activity
trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol = NADPH + catechol.
trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate = NADH + CO2 + catechol.
(1R,6R)-1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
2-hydro-1,2-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase activity
3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity
3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase activity
cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase activity
cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
dihydrodihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase activity
enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, A-specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = trans-D2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.
acyl-acyl-carrier-protein:NADP+ oxidoreductase (A-specific)
enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] reductase (NADPH, A-specific) activity
enoyl-ACP reductase (NADPH, A-specific) activity
enoyl-acyl carrier protein (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
enoyl-acyl-carrier-protein reductase (NADPH, A-specific)
2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexanoate + NADP+ = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate + H+ + NADPH.
2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexanoate:NADP+ delta2-oxidoreductase activity
2-hydroxy-6-oxo-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
(3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate + NAD+ = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO2 + NADH.
(1R,2S)-dihydroxy-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dicarboxylate dehydrogenase activity
(3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1(6),2-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
dihydroxy-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dicarboxylate dehydrogenase activity
terephthalate 1,2-cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + isoquinoline = AH(2) + isoquinolin-1(2H)-one.
isoquinoline:acceptor 1-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + quinaldate = AH(2) + kynurenate.
quinaldic acid 4-oxidoreductase activity
quinoline-2-carboxylate:acceptor 4-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
quinoline-4-carboxylate 2-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + quinoline-4-carboxylate = 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylate + AH(2).
quinoline-4-carboxylate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
quinoline-4-carboxylic acid 2-oxidoreductase activity
L-erythro-3,5-diaminohexanoate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3S,5S)-3,5-diaminohexanoate + H2O + NAD+ = (S)-5-amino-3-oxo-hexanoate + H+ + NADH + NH4.
L-3,5-diaminohexanoate dehydrogenase activity
L-erythro-3,5-diaminohexanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + L-pipecolate = NADPH + delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate.
1,2-didehydropipecolate reductase activity
1,2-didehydropipecolic reductase activity
D1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase activity
delta 1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase activity
L-pipecolate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
N5-(carboxyethyl)ornithine synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(5)-[1(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-ornithine + H2O + NADP+ = L-ornithine + H+ + NADPH + pyruvate.
5-N-(L-1-carboxyethyl)-L-ornithine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-ornithine-forming)
N5-(L-1-carboxyethyl)-L-ornithine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-ornithine-forming)
thiomorpholine-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate = NAD(P)H + 3,4-dehydro-1,4-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate.
thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate:NAD(P)+ 5,6-oxidoreductase activity
1,2-dehydroreticulinium reductase (NADPH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-reticuline + NADP+ = 1,2-dehydroreticuline + H+ + NADPH.
(R)-reticuline:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
1,2-dehydroreticulinium ion reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-[(R)-1-carboxyethylamino]pentanoate + H2O + NAD+ = L-2-aminopentanoate + H+ + NADH + pyruvate.
(2S)-2-{[1-(R)-carboxyethyl]amino}pentanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-aminopentanoate-forming)
(2S)-2-{[1-(R)-carboxyethyl]amino}pentanoate dehydrogenase (NAD, L-aminopentanoate-forming)
saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-lysine-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine + H+ + NADPH.
6-N-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)
L-lysine-alpha-ketoglutarate reductase activity
lysine:alpha-ketoglutarate:TPNH oxidoreductase (epsilon-N-[gultaryl-2]-L-lysine forming)
N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)
saccharopine (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, lysine-forming) dehydrogenase activity
saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-glutamate-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NAD+ = L-glutamate + allysine + H+ + NADH.
6-N-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-glutamate-forming)
aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase activity
dehydrogenase, saccharopine (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, glutamate-forming)
N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-glutamate-forming)
NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-2-aminoadipic-delta-semialdehyde and glutamate forming)
dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + dihydrosanguinarine = H2O2 + sanguinarine.
dihydrobenzophenanthridine:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: electron-transferring flavoprotein + H2O + dimethylamine = reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein + formaldehyde + methylamine.
dimethylamine:electron-transferring flavoprotein oxidoreductase activity
protein-disulfide reductase (NAD(P)) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protein-dithiol + NAD(P)+ = protein-disulfide + NAD(P)H + H+.
insulin-glutathione transhydrogenase activity
NAD(P)H:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase activity
protein disulfide reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + NADP+ = bis-gamma-glutamylcystine + H+ + NADPH.
Bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase (NADPH)
bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase (NADPH) activity
bis-g-glutamylcystine reductase (NADPH) activity
gamma-glutamylcysteine:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
NADPH:bis-gamma-glutamylcysteine oxidoreductase activity
NADPH2:bis-gamma-glutamylcysteine oxidoreductase activity
4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + H2O + NADP+ = 4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene + H+ + NADPH.
4-(dimethylamino)phenylazobenzene:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
dimethylaminoazobenzene N-oxide reductase activity
N,N-dimethyl-p-aminoazobenzene oxide reductase activity
NADPH:4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene oxidoreductase activity
NADPH2:4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene oxidoreductase activity
NADPH-dependent DMAB N-oxide reductase activity
N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)+ + H2O = N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)H + H+.
2-acetamidofluorene:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
NAD(P)H:N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene N-oxidoreductase activity
NAD(P)H2:N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene N-oxidoreductase activity
N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene reductase activity
obsolete aquacobalamin reductase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 2 cob(II)alamin + NAD+ = 2 aquacob(III)alamin + NADH + H+.
glutathione-homocystine transhydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: homocystine + 2 reduced glutathione = oxidized glutathione + 2 homocysteine.
glutathione:homocystine oxidoreductase activity
glutathione-CoA-glutathione transhydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: oxidized glutathione + CoA = reduced glutathione + CoA-glutathione.
CoA:glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase activity
coenzyme A:glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase activity
coenzyme A:oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase activity
glutathione:coenzyme A-glutathione transhydrogenase activity
glutathione-coenzyme A glutathione disulfide transhydrogenase activity
glutathione coenzyme A-glutathione transhydrogenase activity
glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cystine + 2 reduced glutathione = oxidized glutathione + 2 L-cysteine.
NADPH-dependent GSH-cystine transhydrogenase
enzyme-thiol transhydrogenase (glutathione-disulfide) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: oxidized glutathione + [xanthine dehydrogenase] = reduced glutathione + xanthine-oxidase.
[xanthine-dehydrogenase]:oxidized-glutathione S-oxidoreductase activity
enzyme-thiol transhydrogenase (glutathione-disulphide) activity
enzyme-thiol transhydrogenase (oxidized-glutathione) activity
glutathione-dependent thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase activity
thiol:disulphide oxidoreductase activity
xanthine-dehydrogenase:glutathione-disulfide S-oxidoreductase activity
xanthine-dehydrogenase:oxidized-glutathione S-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + chlorate = A + chlorite + H2O + H+.
chlorite:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
2-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + acyl-CoA = L-phosphatidate + CoA.
2-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase activity
acyl-CoA:2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity
demethylsterigmatocystin 6-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-demethylsterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = sterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.
demethylsterigmatocystin methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:6-demethylsterigmatocystin 6-O-methyltransferase activity
sterigmatocystin 7-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 7-O-methylsterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:sterigmatocystin 7-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:sterigmatocystin 8-O-methyltransferase activity
sterigmatocystin 8-O-methyltransferase activity
sterigmatocystin methyltransferase activity
trimethylsulfonium-tetrahydrofolate N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + trimethylsulfonium = (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + dimethyl sulfide + H+.
trimethylsulfonium:tetrahydrofolate N-methyltransferase activity
trimethylsulfonium-tetrahydrofolate methyltransferase activity
trimethylsulphonium-tetrahydrofolate N-methyltransferase activity
methylamine-glutamate N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + methylammonium = N-methyl-L-glutamate + NH4.
methylamine:L-glutamate N-methyltransferase activity
methylamine-glutamate methyltransferase activity
thetin-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + dimethylsulfonioacetate = (methylthio)acetate + L-methionine + H+.
dimethylsulfonioacetate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
dimethylthetin-homocysteine methyltransferase activity
thetin-homocysteine methylpherase activity
betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + betaine = N,N-dimethylglycine + L-methionine.
betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase activity
betaine-homocysteine transmethylase activity
trimethylammonioacetate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
methylenetetrahydrofolate-tRNA-(uracil-5-)-methyltransferase (FADH2-oxidizing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + tRNA containing uridine at position 54 + FADH + H+ = tetrahydrofolate + tRNA containing ribothymidine at position 54 + FAD+.
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:tRNA (uracil-5-)-methyltransferase activity
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:tRNA-UPsiC (uracil-5-)-methyl-transferase activity
folate-dependent ribothymidyl synthase activity
methylenetetrahydrofolate-transfer ribonucleate uracil 5-methyltransferase activity
methylenetetrahydrofolate-tRNA-(uracil-5-)-methyltransferase (FADH-oxidizing) activity
methanol-5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide Co-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide + methanol = H2O + Co-methyl-Co-5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcob(I)amide.
methanol:5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide Co-methyltransferase activity
methanol:5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide methyltransferase activity
methanol:corrinoid methyltransferase activity
methanol cobalamin methyltransferase activity
methanol-corrinoid protein Co-methyltransferase
deoxycytidylate 5-hydroxymethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dCMP + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylate.
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:deoxycytidylate 5-hydroxymethyltransferase activity
d-cytidine 5'-monophosphate hydroxymethylase activity
deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase activity
deoxycytidylate hydroxymethyltransferase activity
deoxycytidylic hydroxymethylase activity
methylmalonyl-CoA carboxytransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + D-methylmalonyl-CoA = oxaloacetic acid + propionyl-CoA.
(S)-2-methyl-3-oxopropanoyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxyltransferase activity
(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxyltransferase activity
(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase activity
methylmalonyl-CoA carboxyltransferase activity
methylmalonyl-CoA transcarboxylase activity
methylmalonyl coenzyme A carboxyltransferase activity
3-hydroxymethylcephem carbamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-hydroxymethylceph-3-em-4-carboxylate + carbamoyl-phosphate = phosphate + a 3-carbamoyloxymethylcephem.
3'-hydroxymethylcephem-O-carbamoyltransferase activity
carbamoyl-phosphate:3-hydroxymethylceph-3-em-4-carboxylate carbamoyltransferase activity
acetoin-ribose-5-phosphate transaldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + acetoin = 1-deoxy-D-altro-heptulose 7-phosphate + acetaldehyde.
1-deoxy-D-altro-heptulose-7-phosphate synthase activity
1-deoxy-D-altro-heptulose-7-phosphate synthetase activity
3-hydroxybutan-2-one:D-ribose-5-phosphate aldehydetransferase activity
3-hydroxybutan-3-one:D-ribose-5-phosphate aldehydetransferase activity
myelin-proteolipid O-palmitoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [myelin proteolipid] + palmityl-CoA = [myelin proteolipid] O-palmitoylprotein + CoA.
[myelin-proteolipid] O-palmitoyltransferase activity
palmitoyl-CoA:[myelin-proteolipid] O-palmitoyltransferase activity
sinapoylglucose-sinapoylglucose O-sinapoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose = 1,2-di-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose + D-glucose.
1-(hydroxycinnamoyl)-glucose:1-(hydroxycinnamoyl)-glucose hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
1-O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-beta-D-glucoside:1-O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamoyl-beta-D-glucoside 1-O-sinapoyltransferase activity
hydroxycinnamoylglucose-hydroxycinnamoylglucose hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
1-alkenylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkenylglycerophosphocholine + acyl-CoA = 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerophosphocholine + CoA.
acyl-CoA:1-alkenylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity
alkylglycerophosphate 2-O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate 2-O-acetyltransferase activity
alkyllyso-GP:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase activity
tartronate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymalonate + sinapoyl-CoA = CoA + sinapoyltartronate.
hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme-A:tartronate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
sinapoyl-CoA:2-hydroxymalonate O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase activity
17-O-deacetylvindoline O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-12-ethyl-10,11-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-10-(methoxycarbonyl)-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.0^{1,9}.0^{2,7}.0^{16,19}]nonadeca-2(7),3,5,13-tetraen-16-ium + acetyl-CoA = (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-11-(acetyloxy)-12-ethyl-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-10-(methoxycarbonyl)-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.0^{1,9}.0^{2,7}.0^{16,19}]nonadeca-2(7),3,5,13-tetraen-16-ium + CoA.
17-O-deacetylvindoline-17-O-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:17-O-deacetylvindoline 17-O-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA-17-O-deacetylvindoline 17-O-acetyltransferase activity
acetylcoenzyme A:deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase activity
acetylcoenzyme A:deacetylvindoline O-acetyltransferase activity
acetylcoenzyme A-deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase activity
deacetylvindoline acetyltransferase activity
deacetylvindoline O-acetyltransferase activity
3,4-dichloroaniline N-malonyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dichloroaniline + malonyl-CoA = N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)malonamate + CoA.
malonyl-CoA:3,4-dichloroaniline N-malonyltransferase activity
isoflavone-7-O-beta-glucoside 6''-O-malonyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: biochanin-A + malonyl-CoA = 6'-malonyl-biochanin A + CoA.
flavone/flavonol 7-O-beta-D-glucoside malonyltransferase activity
flavone (flavonol) 7-O-glycoside malonyltransferase activity
malonyl-CoA:flavone/flavonol 7-O-glucoside malonyltransferase activity
malonyl-CoA:isoflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucoside 6''-O-malonyltransferase activity
malonyl-coenzyme A:flavone/flavonol-7-O-glycoside malonyltransferase activity
malonyl-coenzyme A:isoflavone 7-O-glucoside-6''-malonyltransferase activity
flavonol-3-O-beta-glucoside O-malonyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + malonyl-CoA = malonyl-flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + CoA.
flavonol 3-O-glucoside malonyltransferase activity
malonyl-CoA:flavonol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside 6''-O-malonyltransferase activity
malonyl-coenzyme A:flavonol-3-O-glucoside malonyltransferase activity
1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine + acyl-CoA = 1-alkenyl-2-acyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine + CoA.
acyl-CoA:1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase activity
1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + acyl-CoA = 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerol + CoA.
1-hexadecyl-2-acetylglycerol acyltransferase activity
acyl-CoA:1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase activity
isocitrate O-dihydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + isocitrate = 2-caffeoylisocitrate + CoA.
caffeoyl-CoA:isocitrate 3-O-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)transferase activity
galactarate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + galactarate = 2-(E)-O-feruloyl-D-galactarate + CoA.
feruloyl-CoA:galactarate O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase activity
galacturate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
glucarate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucarate + sinapoyl-CoA = 2-O-sinapoyl-D-glucarate + CoA.
sinapoyl-CoA:glucarate O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase activity
glucarolactone O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glucarolactone + sinapoyl-CoA = O-sinapoylglucarolactone + CoA.
sinapoyl-CoA:glucarolactone O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase activity
shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + coumaroyl-CoA = 4-coumaroylshikimate + CoA.
4-coumaroyl-CoA:shikimate O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase activity
shikimate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
phosphatidylcholine-retinol O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: retinol-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] + phosphatidylcholine = retinyl-ester-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] + 2-acylglycerophosphocholine.
lecithin--retinol acyltransferase activity
phosphatidylcholine:retinol-(cellular-retinol-binding-protein) O-acyltransferase activity
phosphatidylcholine:retinol-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] O-acyltransferase activity
putrescine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + putrescine = N-caffeoylputrescine + CoA + H+.
caffeoyl-CoA:putrescine N-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)transferase activity
caffeoyl-CoA putrescine N-caffeoyl transferase activity
hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:putrescine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
putrescine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
putrescine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase activity
galactosylacylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-3-D-galactosyl-sn-2-acylglycerol + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = D-galactosyldiacylglycerol + [acyl-carrier protein].
acyl-ACP:lyso-MGDG acyltransferase activity
acyl-acyl-carrier-protein:D-galactosylacylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity
acyl-acyl-carrier protein: lysomonogalactosyldiacylglycerol acyltransferase activity
beta-glucogallin-tetrakisgalloylglucose O-galloyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2,3,6-tetrakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose = 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + D-glucose.
1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose:1,2,3,6-tetrakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose 4-O-galloyltransferase activity
beta-glucogallin:1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose 4-O-galloyltransferase activity
beta-glucogallin:1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloylglucose 4-O-galloyltransferase activity
beta-glucogallin-tetragalloylglucose 4-galloyltransferase activity
glycerophospholipid arachidonoyl-transferase (CoA-independent) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-alkyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-alkyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.
1-organyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine arachidonoyltransferase (CoA-independent)
1-organyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine arachidonoyltransferase (CoA-independent)
glycerophospholipid acyltransferase (CoA-dependent) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-radyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-radyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.
1-organyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine acyltransferase (CoA-dependent)
platelet-activating factor acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-radyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid.
1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid acetyltransferase activity
salutaridinol 7-O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (7S)-salutaridinol + acetyl-CoA = (7S)-O-acetylsalutaridinol + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:salutaridinol 7-O-acetyltransferase activity
tetrahydroxybenzophenone synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA = 3 CO2 + 2,3',4,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone + 4 coenzyme A.
malonyl-CoA:3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA malonyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose = beta-D-glucose + alkyl cinnamate.
1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose:alcohol O-cinnamoyltransferase activity
anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin-3,5-diglucoside + hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA = anthocyanidin 3-glucoside-5-hydroxycinnamoylglucoside + CoA.
hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:anthocyanidin 3,5-diglucoside 5-O-glucoside-6'''-O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyl-CoA = phosphatidylcholine + CoA.
1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acyltransferase activity
acyl-CoA:1-acyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine transacylase activity
acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity
acyl coenzyme A-monoacylphosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activity
lysophosphatide acyltransferase activity
lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activity
N-acetylneuraminate 4-O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminate + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate 4-O-acetyltransferase activity
N-acetylneuraminate 7-O(or 9-O)-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-7-O(or 9-O)-acetylneuraminate + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-7- and/or 8-O-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate 7-O(or 9-O)-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-7- or 8-O-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-9(7)-O-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-9(or 7)-O-acetyltransferase activity
glycoprotein 7(9)-O-acetyltransferase activity
N-acetylneuraminate 7,8-O-acetyltransferase activity
N-acetylneuraminate 7(8)-O-acetyltransferase activity
N-acetylneuraminate O7-(or O9-)acetyltransferase activity
deacetyl-[citrate-(pro-3S)-lyase] S-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: deacetyl-[citrate-oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-3S)-CH(2)COO(-)-acetate)] + S-acetylphosphopantetheine = [citrate oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-3S)-CH(2)COO(-)-acetate)] + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.
deacetyl-citrate-(pro-3S)-lyase acetyltransferase activity
deacetyl-citrate-(pro-3S)-lyase S-acetyltransferase activity
S-acetyl phosphopantetheine:deacetyl citrate lyase S-acetyltransferase activity
S-acetylphosphopantetheine:deacetyl-citrate-oxaloacetate-lyase((pro-3S)-CH2COO-rightacetate)S-acetyltransferase activity
aromatic-hydroxylamine O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl + N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminonbiphenyl = N-acetoxy-4-aminobiphenyl + N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl.
aromatic hydroxylamine acetyltransferase activity
arylhydroxamate acyltransferase activity
arylhydroxamic acid N,O-acetyltransferase activity
N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene N-O acyltransferase activity
N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl:N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl O-acetyltransferase activity
2,3-diaminopropionate N-oxalyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-amino-L-alanine + oxalyl-CoA = N(3)-oxalyl-L-2,3-diaminopropanoate + CoA.
oxalyl-CoA:L-2,3-diaminopropanoate 3-N-oxalyltransferase activity
oxalyl-CoA:L-2,3-diaminopropanoate N3-oxalyltransferase activity
oxalyl-CoA:L-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid oxalyltransferase activity
oxalyldiaminopropionate synthase activity
oxalyldiaminopropionic synthase activity
2-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyl-CoA = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA.
2-acylglycerol-3-phosphorylcholine acyltransferase activity
2-acylglycerophosphocholine acyltransferase activity
acyl-CoA:2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity
1-alkylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyl-CoA = 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA.
acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity
1-alkylglycerophosphocholine O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetyl-CoA = 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA.
1-alkyl-2-lysolecithin acetyltransferase activity
1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 2-O-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 2-O-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase activity
acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acyltransferase activity
blood platelet-activating factor acetyltransferase activity
lyso-GPC:acetyl CoA acetyltransferase activity
lysopaf:acetyl CoA acetyltransferase activity
lyso-platelet activating factor:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase activity
lyso-platelet-activating factor:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase activity
platelet-activating factor acylhydrolase activity
platelet-activating factor-synthesizing enzyme activity
obsolete CDP-acylglycerol O-arachidonoyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-acylglycerol + arachidonyl-CoA = CDP-diacylglycerol + CoA.
indoleacetylglucose-inositol O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-beta-D-glucose + myo-inositol = 1L-1-O-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol + D-glucose.
1-O-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-beta-D-glucose:myo-inositol (indol-3-yl)acetyltransferase activity
1-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-beta-D-glucose:myo-inositol indole-3-ylacetyltransferase activity
indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-D-glucoside:myo-inositol indoleacetyltransferase activity
diacylglycerol-sterol O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sterol + 1,2-diacylglycerol = sterol ester + acylglycerol.
1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:sterol acyl transferase activity
1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:sterol O-acyltransferase activity
long-chain-alcohol O-fatty-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain-alcohol + acyl-CoA = a long-chain ester + CoA.
acyl-CoA:long-chain-alcohol O-acyltransferase activity
triglyceride-sterol O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxysterol + triacylglycerol = a 3-beta-hydroxysterol ester + 1,2-diacylglycerol.
triacylglycerol:3beta-hydroxysterol O-acyltransferase activity
triacylglycerol:sterol acyltransferase activity
triacylglycerol-sterol O-acyltransferase activity
cysteine-S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-substituted L-cysteine + acetyl-CoA = S-substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine + CoA + H+.
acetyl-CoA:S-substituted L-cysteine N-acetyltransferase activity
phosphatidylcholine-dolichol O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + dolichol = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyldolichol.
3-sn-phosphatidylcholine:dolichol O-acyltransferase activity
tetrahydrodipicolinate N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = L-2-acetamido-6-oxopimelate + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate-2,6-dicarboxylate N2-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate 2-N-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:L-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate N2-acetyltransferase activity
tetrahydrodipicolinate:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase activity
tetrahydrodipicolinate acetylase activity
beta-glucogallin O-galloyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose = 1,6-bis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + D-glucose.
1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose:1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose O-galloyltransferase activity
sinapoylglucose-choline O-sinapoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose + choline = O-sinapoylcholine + D-glucose.
1-O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-beta-D-glucose:choline 1-O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamoyl)transferase activity
13-hydroxylupinine O-tigloyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 13-hydroxylupanine + 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA = 13-(2-methylcrotonoyloxy)lupanine + CoA.
(E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:13-hydroxylupinine O-2-methylcrotonoyltransferase activity
13-hydroxylupanine acyltransferase activity
tigloyl-CoA:13-hydroxylupanine O-tigloyltransferase activity
chlorogenate-glucarate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucarate + chlorogenate = (-)-quinate + 2-O-caffeoylglucarate.
chlorogenate:glucarate caffeoyltransferase activity
chlorogenate:glucarate O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase activity
chlorogenic acid:glucaric acid O-caffeoyltransferase activity
quinate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + quinate = O-feruloylquinate + CoA.
feruloyl-CoA:quinate O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase activity
hydroxycinnamoyl coenzyme A-quinate transferase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramoylpentapeptide-lysine N6-alanyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + L-alanyl-tRNA = UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-N6-(L-alanyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + tRNA.
alanyl-transfer ribonucleate-uridine diphosphoacetylmuramoylpentapeptide transferase activity
L-alanyl-tRNA:UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine 6-N-alanyltransferase activity
L-alanyl-tRNA:UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine N6-alanyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramoylpentapeptide lysine N(6)-alanyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramoylpentapeptide lysine N6-alanyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylmuramoylpentapeptide lysine N(6)-alanyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylmuramoylpentapeptide lysine N6-alanyltransferase activity
1,2-beta-fructan 1F-fructosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](n) + [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](m) = [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](n+1) + [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](m-1).
1,2-beta-D-fructan:1,2-beta-D-fructan 1(F)-beta-D-fructosyltransferase activity
1,2-beta-D-fructan:1,2-beta-D-fructan 1F-beta-D-fructosyltransferase activity
1,2-beta-D-fructan 1(F)-fructosyltransferase activity
1,2-beta-D-fructan 1F-fructosyltransferase activity
1,2-beta-fructan 1(F)-fructosyltransferase activity
2,1-beta-D-fructan:2,1-beta-D-fructan 1-beta-D-fructosyltransferase activity
2,1-fructan:2,1-fructan 1-fructosyltransferase activity
fructan:fructan fructosyl transferase activity
o-dihydroxycoumarin 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin + UDP-D-glucose = daphnin + H+ + UDP.
UDPglucose:7,8-dihydroxycoumarin 7-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:7,8-dihydroxycoumarin 7-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:o-dihydroxycoumarin glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-o-dihydroxycoumarin 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity
coniferyl-alcohol glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: coniferyl alcohol + UDP-D-glucose = coniferin + UDP.
UDPglucose:coniferyl-alcohol 4'-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:coniferyl-alcohol 4'-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose coniferyl alcohol glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-coniferyl alcohol glucosyltransferase activity
alpha-1,4-glucan-protein synthase (ADP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-D-glucose + protein = alpha-D-glucosyl-protein + ADP.
1,4alpha-glucan-protein synthase (ADP-forming) activity
adenosine diphosphoglucose-protein glucosyltransferase activity
ADPglucose:protein 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
ADP-glucose:protein 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
ADPglucose:protein glucosyltransferase activity
2-coumarate O-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = trans-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxycinnamate + H+ + UDP.
UDPG:o-coumaric acid O-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:trans-2-hydroxycinnamate O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:trans-2-hydroxycinnamate O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-o-coumarate glucosyltransferase activity
anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin + UDP-D-glucose = anthocyanidin-3-O-D-glucoside + UDP.
UDP-D-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin/flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:cyanidin-3-O-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity
cyanidin-3-rhamnosylglucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin-3-O-D-rhamnosyl-(1,6)-D-glucoside + UDP-D-glucose = cyanidin-3-O-[D-rhamnosyl-(1,6)-D-glucoside]-5-O-D-glucoside + UDP.
cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:cyanidin-3-O-beta-L-rhamnosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucoside 5-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:cyanidin-3-O-D-rhamnosyl-1,6-D-glucoside 5-O-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-cyanidin 3-rhamnosylglucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity
indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-beta-D-glucose + UDP.
indol-3-ylacetylglucose synthase activity
UDPG-indol-3-ylacetyl glucosyl transferase activity
UDP-glucose:(indol-3-yl)acetate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:auxin glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:indol-3-acetic acid glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:indol-3-ylacetate glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:indol-3-ylacetate glucosyl-transferase activity
UDPglucose:indole-3-acetate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-indoleacetate glucosyltransferase activity
inositol 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + UDP-galactose = O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP.
inositol 1-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-D-galactose:inositol galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:myo-inositol 1-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:myo-inositol 1-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:myo-inositol 3-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-inositol galactosyltransferase activity
sucrose-1,6-alpha-glucan 3(6)-alpha-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1) + fructose.
sucrose:1,6-, 1,3-alpha-D-glucan 3-alpha- and 6-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
sucrose:1,6-alpha-D-glucan 3(6)-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
sucrose:1,6-alpha-D-glucan 3-alpha- and 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase activity
hydroxycinnamate 4-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-4-hydroxycinnamate + UDP.
hydroxycinnamoyl glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:trans-4-hydroxycinnamate 4-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:trans-4-hydroxycinnamate 4-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-hydroxycinnamate glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-hydroxycinnamate glucosyltransferase activity
monoterpenol beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + UDP-D-glucose = (-)-menthyl beta-D-glucoside + H+ + UDP.
UDPglucose:(-)-menthol O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:(-)-menthol O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:monoterpenol glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-monoterpenol glucosyltransferase activity
galactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein + UDP-galactose = 3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein + UDP.
UDPgalactose:4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein 3-beta-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein 3-beta-D-galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-galactosylxylose galactosyltransferase activity
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose = 2-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H+ + UDP.
floridoside phosphate synthetase activity
UDP-galactose, sn-3-glycerol phosphate:1->2' galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate-2-D-galactosyl transferase activity
mannotetraose 2-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,3-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = 1,3-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-alpha-D-mannosyl)-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose + UDP.
alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:mannotetraose alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine mannoside alpha1->2-alphacetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
beta-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.
elongation 3beta-GalNAc-transferase activity
elongation 3-beta-GalNAc-transferase activity
O-glycosyl-oligosaccharide-glycoprotein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:O-glycosyl-glycoprotein (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to -D-galactose of beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R) beta-1,3-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-mucin beta(1->3)-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (elongating)
acetylgalactosaminyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-galactosalaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.
mucin core 3 beta3-GlcNAc-transferase activity
O-glycosyl-oligosaccharide-glycoprotein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:O-glycosyl-glycoprotein (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R) beta-1,3-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-mucin beta(1->3)-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
acetylgalactosaminyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.
core 4 beta6-GalNAc-transferase activity
core 6-beta-GalNAc-transferase B activity
O-glycosyl-oligosaccharide-glycoprotein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IV activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:O-oligosaccharide-glycoprotein (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to N-acetyl-D-galactosamine of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R) beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-mucin beta(1->6)-acetylglucosaminyltransferase B
indolylacetyl-myo-inositol galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1L-1-O-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol + UDP-D-galactose = 5-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-myo-inositol D-galactoside + H+ + UDP.
indol-3-ylacetyl-myo-inositol galactoside synthase activity
UDP-galactose:(indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol 5-O-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:indol-3-ylacetyl-myo-inositol 5-O-D-galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-indolylacetylinositol galactosyltransferase activity
1,2-diacylglycerol 3-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacylglycerol + UDP-D-glucose = 3-D-glucosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol + UDP.
UDPglucose:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:1,2-diacylglycerol glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:diacylglycerol glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-diacylglycerol glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-diacylglycerol glucosyltransferase activity
13-hydroxydocosanoate 13-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 13-hydroxydocosanoate + UDP-D-glucose = 13-beta-D-glucosyloxydocosanoate + UDP.
13-glucosyloxydocosanoate 2'-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:13-hydroxydocosanoate 13-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:13-hydroxydocosanoate 13-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:13-hydroxydocosanoic acid glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-13-hydroxydocosanoate glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-hydroxydocosanoate glucosyltransferase activity
flavonol-3-O-glucoside L-rhamnosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: flavonol 3-O-D-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose = flavonol 3-O-L-rhamnosylglucoside + UDP.
UDP-L-rhamnose:flavonol-3-O-D-glucoside 6''-O-L-rhamnosyltransferase activity
UDP-rhamnose:flavonol 3-O-glucoside rhamnosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphorhamnose-flavonol 3-O-glucoside rhamnosyltransferase activity
pyridoxine 5'-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxine + UDP-D-glucose = 5'-O-beta-D-glucosylpyridoxine + H+ + UDP.
UDPglucose:pyridoxine 5'-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:pyridoxine 5'-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:pyridoxine 5'-O-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-pyridoxine glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-pyridoxine 5'-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminylgalactosylglucosyl-ceramide beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyceramide + UDP.
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
N-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglucosylceramide beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-alpha-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-1,4-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-2,3)-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-alpha-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-acetylneuraminyl(alpha2->3)galactosyl(beta1->4)glucosyl beta1->4-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
raffinose-raffinose alpha-galactotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 raffinose = sucrose + 1F-alpha-D-galactosylraffinose.
raffinose:raffinose alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
raffinose:raffinose alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
raffinose (raffinose donor) galactosyltransferase activity
raffinose-raffinose a-galactosyltransferase activity
raffinose-raffinose alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
sucrose 6F-alpha-galactotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + UDP-galactose = 6F-alpha-D-galactosylsucrose + UDP.
sucrose 6(F)-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
sucrose 6F-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:sucrose 6F-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:sucrose 6F-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:sucrose 6fru-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-sucrose 6F-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
methyl-ONN-azoxymethanol beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: methylazoxymethanol + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + cycasin + UDP.
methyl-ONN-azoxymethanol glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:methyl-ONN-azoxymethanol beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose-methylazoxymethanol glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-methylazoxymethanol glucosyltransferase activity
glucuronylgalactosylproteoglycan 4-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosylproteoglycan + UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine = N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,4-beta-D-glucuronyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosylproteoglycan + UDP.
glucuronylgalactosylproteoglycan beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase I activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:D-glucuronyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-proteoglycan beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-chondroitin acetylgalactosaminyltransferase I
uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-chondroitinacetylgalactosaminyltransferase I activity
glucuronosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronyl-N-acetyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosaminylproteoglycan + UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine = N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,4-beta-D-glucuronyl-N-acetyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosaminylproteoglycan + UDP.
glucuronyl-N-acetylgalactosaminylproteoglycan 4-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
glucuronyl-N-acetylgalactosaminylproteoglycan beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase II activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:D-glucuronyl-N-acetyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosaminylproteoglycan beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-chondroitin acetylgalactosaminyltransferase II activity
hydroxymandelonitrile glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxymandelonitrile + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + taxiphyllin + UDP.
cyanohydrin glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:4-hydroxymandelonitrile glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:4-hydroxymandelonitrile glucosyltransferase activity
lactosylceramide beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R + UDP-D-galactose = D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R + H+ + UDP.
UDPgalactose:D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-lactosylceramide beta1->3-galactosyltransferase activity
lipopolysaccharide N-acetylmannosaminouronosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: lipopolysaccharide + UDP-N-acetylmannosaminouronate = N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminouronosyl-1,4-lipopolysaccharide + UDP.
LPS N-acetylmannosaminouronosyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminouronate:lipopolysaccharide N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminouronosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylmannosaminuronate-acetylglucosaminylpyrophosphorylundecaprenol acetylmannosaminuronosyltransferase activity
hydroxyanthraquinone glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxyanthraquinone + UDP-D-glucose = a glucosyloxyanthraquinone + UDP.
anthraquinone-specific glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:hydroxyanthraquinone O-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:hydroxyanthraquinone O-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-anthraquinone glucosyltransferase activity
flavanone 7-O-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a flavanone + UDP-D-glucose = a flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.
hesperetin 7-O-glucosyl-transferase activity
naringenin 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-flavanone 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity
N-acetylglucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP.
N-acetylmannosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol beta-1,4-N-acetylmannosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylmannosamine:N-acetylglucosaminyl diphosphorylundecaprenol N-acetylmannosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetyl-mannosamineacetylglucosaminylpyrophosphorylundecaprenol acetylmannosaminyltransferase activity
N-acetylglucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-D-glucose = beta-D-glucosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP.
UDP-D-glucose:N-acetylglucosaminyl pyrophosphorylundecaprenol glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol 4-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol 4-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-acetylglucosaminylpyrophosphorylundecaprenol glucosyltransferase activity
luteolin-7-O-glucuronide 7-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = H+ + luteolin 7-O-[(beta-D-glucosiduronate)-(1->2)-(beta-D-glucosiduronate)] + UDP.
luteolin-7-O-glucuronide 2''-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucuronate:luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide 2''-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucuronate:luteolin 7-O-glucuronide-glucuronosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronate-luteolin 7-O-glucuronide glucuronosyltransferase activity
luteolin-7-O-diglucuronide 4'-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin 7-O-[(beta-D-glucosiduronate)-(1->2)-(beta-D-glucosiduronate)] + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = H+ + luteolin 7-O-[(beta-D-glucosiduronate)-(1->2)-(beta-D-glucosiduronate)] 4'-O-beta-D-glucosiduronate + UDP.
UDPglucuronate:luteolin-7-O-beta-D-diglucuronide 4'-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucuronate:luteolin-7-O-beta-D-diglucuronide 4'-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity
UDPglucuronate:luteolin 7-O-diglucuronide-4'-O-glucuronosyl-transferase activity
UDP-glucuronate:luteolin 7-O-diglucuronide-glucuronosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronate-luteolin 7-O-diglucuronide glucuronosyltransferase activity
nuatigenin 3-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nuatigenin + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + nuatigenin 3-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP.
nuatigenin 3beta-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:(20S,22S,25S)-22,25-epoxyfurost-5-ene-3beta,26-diol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:(20S,22S,25S)-22,25-epoxyfurost-5-ene-3beta,26-diol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-nuatigenin glucosyltransferase activity
sarsapogenin 3-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol + UDP-D-glucose = (25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-yl beta-D-glucoside + H+ + UDP.
sarsapogenin 3beta-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:(25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:(25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-sarsapogenin glucosyltransferase activity
4-hydroxybenzoate 4-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + UDP-D-glucose = 4-(beta-D-glucosyloxy)benzoate + H+ + UDP.
p-hydroxybenzoate glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:4-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)benzoic acid glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:4-hydroxybenzoate 4-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:4-hydroxybenzoate 4-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-4-hydroxybenzoate glucosyltransferase activity
thiohydroximate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phenylthioacetohydroximate + UDP-D-glucose = desulfoglucotropeolin + UDP.
desulfoglucosinolate-uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase activity
N-hydroxythioamide S-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
thiohydroximate glucosyltransferase activity
thiohydroximate S-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPG:thiohydroximate glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:N-hydroxy-2-phenylethanethioamide S-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:thiohydroximate S-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-thiohydroximate glucosyltransferase activity
beta-mannosylphosphodecaprenol-mannooligosaccharide 6-mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyloligosaccharide + beta-D-mannosylphosphodecaprenol = (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyl-oligosaccharide + decaprenol phosphate.
beta-D-mannosylphosphodecaprenol:1,6-alpha-D-mannosyloligosaccharide 1,6-alpha-D-mannosyltransferase activity
mannosylphospholipid-methylmannoside alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity
alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-(N-acetyl-B-glucosaminyl-1,2)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-beta)-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,4-beta)-D-mannosyl-R + UDP.
alpha-1,6-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
mannosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
mannosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase activity
N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase VI activity
N-glycosyl-oligosaccharide-glycoprotein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase VI activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:2,6-bis(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-alpha-D-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-glycopeptide beta-1->4-acetylglucosaminyltransferase VI
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-glycopeptide beta-1->4-acetylglucosaminyltransferase VI activity
2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one 2-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + UDP-D-glucose = 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one 2-D-glucoside + UDP.
UDPglucose:2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one 2-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one 2-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one 2-glucosyltransferase activity
galactogen 6-beta-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: galactogen + UDP-galactose = 1,6-beta-D-galctosylgalactogen + UDP.
beta-(1,6)-D-galactosyltransferase activity
galactogen 6beta-galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:galactogen beta-1,6-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:galactogen beta-1,6-D-galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-galactogen galactosyltransferase activity
lactosylceramide 1,3-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cytolipin-H + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.
beta1->3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
lactosylceramide beta-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide beta-1,3-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-lactosylceramide beta-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
diglucosyl diacylglycerol synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-glucose = UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl(1,2)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol.
diglucosyl diacylglycerol (DGlcDAG) synthase activity
MGlcDAG (1->2) glucosyltransferase activity
monoglucosyl diacylglycerol (1->2) glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (1->2) glucosyltransferase activity
sphingosine beta-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine + UDP-D-galactose = H+ + psychosine + UDP.
galactosyl-sphingosine transferase activity
psychosine-UDP galactosyltransferase activity
psychosine-uridine diphosphate galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactotransferase activity
UDP-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactotransferase activity
UDPgalactose:sphingosine O-galactosyl transferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-sphingosine beta-galactosyltransferase activity
glucomannan 4-beta-mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glucomannan(n) + GDP-mannose = glucomannan(n+1) + GDP.
GDP-man-beta-mannan mannosyltransferase activity
GDP-mannose:glucomannan 1,4-beta-D-mannosyltransferase activity
glucomannan 4-b-mannosyltransferase activity
alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (GDP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-D-glucose + glucose-6-phosphate = alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-phosphate + GDP.
GDPglucose:D-glucose-6-phosphate 1-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
GDP-glucose:D-glucose-6-phosphate 1-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
GDPglucose-glucose-phosphate glucosyltransferase activity
GDP-glucose-glucosephosphate glucosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphoglucose-glucose phosphate glucosyltransferase activity
trehalose phosphate synthase (GDP-forming) activity
steroid N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: estradiol-17alpha 3-D-glucuronoside + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 17alpha-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-estradiol 3-D-glucuronoside + H+ + UDP.
hydroxy steroid acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
steroid acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:estradiol-17alpha-3-D-glucuronoside 17alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-steroid acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
polygalacturonate 4-alpha-galacturonosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galacturonate + 1,4-alpha-D-galacturonosyl(n) = 1,4-alpha-D-galacturonosyl(n+1) + UDP.
UDP-D-galacturonate:1,4-alpha-poly-D-galacturonate 4-alpha-D-galacturonosyltransferase activity
UDP galacturonate-polygalacturonate alpha-galacturonosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalacturonate-polygalacturonate alpha-galacturonosyltransferase activity
N-acylsphingosine galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ceramide + UDP-galactose = D-galactosylceramide + UDP.
UDPgalactose:N-acylsphingosine D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:N-acylsphingosine D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP galactose-N-acylsphingosine galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-acylsphingosine galactosyltransferase activity
heteroglycan alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: heteroglycan + GDP-mannose = alpha-D-mannosylheteroglycan + GDP.
GDP-mannose:heteroglycan 2-(or 3-)-alpha-D-mannosyltransferase activity
GDP mannose alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphomannose-heteroglycan alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
heteropolysaccharide alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
poly(glycerol-phosphate) alpha-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: poly(glycerol phosphate) + UDP-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucosylpoly(glycerol phosphate) + UDP.
UDPglucose:poly(glycerol-phosphate) alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:poly(glycerol-phosphate) alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP glucose-poly(glycerol-phosphate) alpha-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-poly(glycerol-phosphate) alpha-glucosyltransferase activity
poly(ribitol-phosphate) beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: poly(ribitol phosphate) + UDP-D-glucose = beta-D-glucosylpoly(ribitol phosphate) + UDP.
UDP-D-glucose:polyribitol phosphate glucosyl transferase activity
UDP-D-glucose polyribitol phosphate glucosyl transferase activity
UDPglucose:poly(ribitol-phosphate) beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:poly(ribitol-phosphate) beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP glucose-poly(ribitol-phosphate) beta-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-poly(ribitol-phosphate) beta-glucosyltransferase activity
undecaprenyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + undecaprenyl phosphate = GDP + D-mannosyl-1-phosphoundecaprenol.
GDP-D-mannose:lipid phosphate transmannosylase activity
GDP-mannose:undecaprenyl-phosphate D-mannosyltransferase activity
GDP mannose-undecaprenyl phosphate mannosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphomannose-undecaprenyl phosphate mannosyltransferase activity
galactinol-raffinose galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + 1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol = stachyose + myo-inositol.
alpha-D-(1->3)-galactosyl-myo-inositol:raffinose galactosyltransferase activity
poly(ribitol-phosphate) N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: poly(ribitol phosphate) + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-poly(ribitol phosphate) + UDP.
UDP acetylglucosamine-poly(ribitol phosphate) acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:poly(ribitol-phosphate) N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-poly(ribitol phosphate) acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase II activity
Catalysis of the reaction: lipopolysaccharide + UDP-D-glucose = D-glucosyl-lipopolysaccharide + UDP.
UDPglucose:galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-galactosylpolysaccharide glucosyltransferase activity
glycosaminoglycan galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycosaminoglycan + UDP-galactose = D-galactosylglycosaminoglycan + UDP.
UDPgalactose:glycosaminoglycan D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:glycosaminoglycan D-galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-mucopolysaccharide galactosyltransferase activity
phosphopolyprenol glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: polyprenyl phosphate + UDP-D-glucose = polyprenylphosphate-glucose + UDP.
UDPglucose:phosphopolyprenol D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:phosphopolyprenol D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:polyprenol monophosphate glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-polyprenol monophosphate glucosyltransferase activity
galactosylgalactosylglucosylceramide beta-D-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide.
galactosylgalactosylglucosylceramide beta-D- activity
globotriaosylceramide 3-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
globotriosylceramide beta-1,6-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide 3III-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:globotriaosylceramide beta1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:globotriaosylceramide beta-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-galactosylgalactosylglucosylceramide acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
galactinol-sucrose galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol = raffinose + myo-inositol.
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol:sucrose 6-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-myo-inositol:sucrose 6-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
galactinol:sucrose 6-galactosyl transferase activity
galactosyltransferase, galactinol-sucrose
glucosaminylgalactosylglucosylceramide beta-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1,3)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-galactose = D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1,3)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.
UDPgalactose:N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide beta-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide beta-D-galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-acetyl-glucosaminylgalactosylglucosylceramide galactosyltransferase activity
N-acetyllactosaminide 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R + UDP-galactose = alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R + UDP.
beta-D-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity
beta-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity
glucosaminylglycopeptide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity
N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-Gal:beta-D-Gal(1,4)-D-GlcNAc alpha(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-Gal:beta-D-Gal(1,4)-D-GlcNAc alpha-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-Gal:Galbeta1->4GlcNAc-R alpha1->3-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-Gal:Gal-beta-1->4GlcNAc-R alpha-1->3-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-Gal:N-acetyllactosaminide alpha(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-Gal:N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-Gal:N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:beta-D-galactosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-glycopeptide alpha-1,3-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:N-acetyllactosaminide 3-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose-acetyllactosamine alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-acetyllactosamine alpha1->3-galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-acetyllactosamine alpha-1->3-galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-acetyllactosamine galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-galactosylacetylglucosaminylgalactosylglucosylceramide galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-galactosylacetylglucosaminylgalactosyl-glucosylceramide galactosyltransferase activity
globoside alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(1,3)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine = N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(1,3)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.
globoside acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,3-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-globoside alpha-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
bilirubin-glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 bilirubin-glucuronoside = bilirubin + bilirubin-bisglucuronoside.
bilirubin-glucuronoside:bilirubin-glucuronoside D-glucuronosyltransferase activity
bilirubin glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase activity
bilirubin monoglucuronide transglucuronidase activity
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose = 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H+ + UDP.
glycerol 3-phosphate 1alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
isofloridoside-phosphate synthase activity
UDP-Gal:sn-glycero-3-phosphoric acid 1-alpha-galactosyl-transferase activity
UDPgalactose:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-glycerol phosphate galactosyltransferase activity
nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + nicotinamide mononucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H+ + nicotinamide.
nicotinamide mononucleotide pyrophosphorylase activity
nicotinamide mononucleotide synthetase activity
nicotinamide-nucleotide:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase activity
dioxotetrahydropyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyrophosphate + a 2,4-dioxotetrahydropyrimidine D-ribonucleotide = PRPP + a 2,4-dioxotetrahydropyrimidine.
2,4-dioxotetrahydropyrimidine-nucleotide:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase activity
dioxotetrahydropyrimidine phosphoribosyl transferase activity
dioxotetrahydropyrimidine-ribonucleotide diphosphorylase activity
dioxotetrahydropyrimidine ribonucleotide pyrophosphorylase activity
dioxotetrahydropyrimidine-ribonucleotide pyrophosphorylase activity
dTDP-dihydrostreptose-streptidine-6-phosphate dihydrostreptosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-L-dihydrostreptose + streptidine 6-phosphate = O-(1->4)-alpha-L-dihydrostreptosyl-streptidine 6-phosphate + dTDP + H+.
dTDPdihydrostreptose-streptidine-6-phosphate dihydrostreptosyltransferase activity
dTDP-L-dihydrostreptose:streptidine-6-phosphate dihydrostreptosyltransferase activity
thymidine diphosphodihydrostreptose-streptidine 6-phosphate dihydrostreptosyltransferase activity
dolichyl-phosphate D-xylosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dolichol-phosphate + UDP-D-xylose = dolichyl D-xylosyl phosphate + UDP.
UDP-D-xylose:dolichyl-phosphate D-xylosyltransferase activity
dolichyl-xylosyl-phosphate-protein xylosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl D-xylosyl phosphate + protein = dolichol-phosphate + D-xylosylprotein.
dolichyl-D-xylosyl-phosphate:protein D-xylosyltransferase activity
flavonol-3-O-glycoside xylosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: flavonol 3-O-glycoside + UDP-D-xylose = flavonol 3-O-D-xylosylglycoside + UDP.
UDP-D-xylose:flavonol-3-O-glycoside 2''-O-beta-D-xylosyltransferase activity
NAD+-diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: peptide diphthamide + NAD+ = peptide N-(ADP-D-ribosyl)diphthamide + niacinamide.
NAD+:peptide-diphthamide N-(ADP-D-ribosyl)transferase activity
NAD-diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
lactosylceramide alpha-2,6-N-sialyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cytolipin-H + CMP-N-acetylneuraminate = alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,6-beta-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + CMP.
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:lactosylceramide alpha-2,6-N-acetylneuraminyltransferase activity
CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid:lactosylceramide sialyltransferase activity
CMP-sialic acid:lactosylceramide sialyltransferase activity
cytidine monophosphoacetylneuraminate-lactosylceramide sialyltransferase
monosialoganglioside sialyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide + CMP-N-acetylneuraminate = N-acetylneuraminyl-D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide + CMP.
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide N-acetylneuraminyltransferase activity
galactosyldiacylglycerol alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = 1,2-diacyl-3-[3-(alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminyl)-beta-D-galactosyl]-sn-glycerol + CMP + H+.
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol N-acetylneuraminyltransferase activity
(alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetyl-galactosaminide 6-alpha-sialyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->6)]-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + CMP.
(alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-alpha-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetyl-galactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity
(alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity
alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3-N-acetyl-galactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:(alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminide alpha-2,6-N-acetylneuraminyl-transferase activity
cytidine monophosphoacetylneuraminate-(alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide-alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity
NeuAc-alpha-2,3-Gal-beta-1,3-GalNAc-alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity
lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cytolipin-H + CMP-N-acetylneuraminate = alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + CMP. Alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide is also known as GM3.
CMP-acetylneuraminic acid:lactosylceramide sialyltransferase activity
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-N-acetylneuraminyltransferase activity
CMP-sialic acid:lactosylceramide-sialyltransferase activity
cytidine monophosphoacetylneuraminate-lactosylceramide alpha2,3- sialyltransferase activity
trihydroxypterocarpan dimethylallyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (6AS,11AS)-3,6A,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + dimethylallyl-pyrophosphate = glyceollin + diphosphate.
dimethylallyl-diphosphate:(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan dimethylallyltransferase activity
dimethylallyl-diphosphate:(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan dimethyltransferase activity
dimethylallylpyrophosphate:3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan dimethylallyltransferase activity
dimethylallylpyrophosphate:trihydroxypterocarpan dimethylallyl transferase activity
4-hydroxybenzoate nonaprenyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: p-hydroxybenzoate + solanesyl pyrophosphate = nonaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.
nonaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate transferase activity
p-hydroxybenzoate dimethylallyltransferase activity
p-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase activity
p-hydroxybenzoic acid-polyprenyl transferase activity
p-hydroxybenzoic-polyprenyl transferase activity
solanesyl-diphosphate:4-hydroxybenzoate nonaprenyltransferase activity
phosphoglycerol geranylgeranyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate + diphosphate.
geranylgeranyl diphosphate:sn-glyceryl phosphate geranylgeranyltransferase activity
glycerol phosphate geranylgeranyltransferase activity
geranylgeranylglycerol-phosphate geranylgeranyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate + all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 2,3-di-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate + diphosphate.
geranylgeranyl diphosphate:sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate geranylgeranyltransferase activity
geranylgeranyloxyglycerol phosphate geranylgeranyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 putrescine = NH3 + sym-homospermidine.
putrescine:putrescine 4-aminobutyltransferase (ammonia-forming)
asparagine-oxo-acid transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxo acid + L-asparagine = an amino acid + 2-oxosuccinamate.
asparagine-keto acid aminotransferase activity
asparagine-oxo-acid aminotransferase activity
asparagine--oxo-acid aminotransferase activity
L-asparagine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase activity
(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-glutamate.
(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate aminotransferase activity
beta-aminoisobutyrate-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity
L-3-aminoisobutyrate aminotransferase activity
L-3-aminoisobutyrate transaminase activity
L-3-aminoisobutyric aminotransferase activity
tryptophan-phenylpyruvate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-tryptophan = 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + L-phenylalanine.
L-tryptophan:phenylpyruvate aminotransferase activity
L-tryptophan-alpha-ketoisocaproate aminotransferase activity
tryptophan-phenylpyruvate aminotransferase activity
tryptophan--phenylpyruvate aminotransferase activity
pyridoxamine-pyruvate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine + pyruvate = L-alanine + pyridoxal.
pyridoxamine:pyruvate aminotransferase activity
pyridoxamine-pyruvate aminotransferase activity
pyridoxamine--pyruvate aminotransferase activity
pyridoxamineu-pyruvic transaminase activity
valine-3-methyl-2-oxovalerate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-valine = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-isoleucine.
L-valine:(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate aminotransferase activity
valine-2-keto-methylvalerate aminotransferase activity
valine-3-methyl-2-oxovalerate aminotransferase activity
valine--3-methyl-2-oxovalerate aminotransferase activity
valine--isoleucine aminotransferase activity
valine--isoleucine transaminase activity
UDP-2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxyglucose transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + UDP-2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose = L-glutamate + UDP-2-acetamido-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-glucose.
UDP-2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxyglucose:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
UDP-4-amino-2-acetamido-2,4,6-trideoxyglucose aminotransferase activity
UDP-4-amino-2-acetamido-2,4,6-trideoxyglucose transaminase activity
uridine diphospho-4-amino-2-acetamido-2,4,6-trideoxyglucose aminotransferase activity
glycine-oxaloacetate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + oxaloacetate = L-aspartate + glyoxylate.
glycine:oxaloacetate aminotransferase activity
glycine-oxalacetate aminotransferase activity
glycine-oxaloacetate aminotransferase activity
glycine--oxaloacetate aminotransferase activity
2-aminoethylphosphonate-pyruvate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2-aminoethyl)phosphonate + pyruvate = L-alanine + phosphonoacetaldehyde.
(2-aminoethyl)phosphonate:pyruvate aminotransferase activity
(2-aminoethyl)phosphonate aminotransferase activity
(2-aminoethyl)phosphonate--pyruvate aminotransferase activity
(2-aminoethyl)phosphonate transaminase activity
(2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid aminotransferase activity
2-aminoethylphosphonate aminotransferase activity
2-aminoethylphosphonate-pyruvate aminotransferase activity
2-aminoethylphosphonate--pyruvate aminotransferase activity
(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate-pyruvate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine.
(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase activity
(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate aminotransferase activity
(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate transaminase activity
(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate-pyruvate aminotransferase activity
(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate--pyruvate aminotransferase activity
(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase activity
beta-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate aminotransferase activity
beta-aminoisobutyrate--pyruvate transaminase activity
D-3-aminoisobutyrate--pyruvate aminotransferase activity
D-3-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase activity
D-3-aminoisobutyrate--pyruvate transaminase activity
D-beta-aminoisobutyrate:pyruvate aminotransferase activity
D-methionine-pyruvate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-methionine + pyruvate = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine.
D-methionine:pyruvate aminotransferase activity
D-methionine-pyruvate aminotransferase activity
D-methionine--pyruvate aminotransferase activity
diaminobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + pyruvate = L-alanine + L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde.
diaminobutyrate-pyruvate aminotransferase activity
diaminobutyrate--pyruvate aminotransferase activity
L-2,4-diaminobutanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase activity
L-diaminobutyric acid transaminase activity
alanine-oxomalonate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + oxomalonate = aminomalonate + pyruvate.
alanine-ketomalonate (mesoxalate) transaminase activity
alanine-oxomalonate aminotransferase activity
alanine--oxomalonate aminotransferase activity
L-alanine:oxomalonate aminotransferase activity
L-alanine-ketomalonate transaminase activity
dihydroxyphenylalanine transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-dopa = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
dihydroxyphenylalanine aminotransferase activity
glutamine-scyllo-inositol transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + L-glutamine = 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol + 2-oxoglutaramate.
glutamine scyllo-inosose aminotransferase activity
glutamine-scyllo-inosose aminotransferase activity
glutamine--scyllo-inosose aminotransferase activity
glutamine-scyllo-inosose transaminase activity
glutamine--scyllo-inosose transaminase activity
L-glutamine:2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone aminotransferase activity
L-glutamine-keto-scyllo-inositol aminotransferase activity
L-glutamine-scyllo-inosose transaminase activity
1D-1-guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-1-guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol + pyruvate = 1D-1-guanidino-1-deoxy-3-dehydro-scyllo-inositol + L-alanine.
1D-1-guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol:pyruvate aminotransferase activity
1D-1-guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol aminotransferase activity
guanidinoaminodideoxy-scyllo-inositol-pyruvate aminotransferase activity
L-alanine-N-amidino-3-(or 5-)keto-scyllo-inosamine transaminase activity
L-phenylalanine:pyruvate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-alanine.
histidine:pyruvate aminotransferase activity
L-histidine:pyruvate aminotransferase activity
L-phenylalanine:pyruvate transaminase activity
L-phenylalanine(L-histidine):pyruvate aminotransferase activity
phenylalanine(histidine):pyruvate aminotransferase activity
phenylalanine(histidine) aminotransferase activity
phenylalanine (histidine) aminotransferase activity
phenylalanine(histidine) transaminase activity
aromatic-amino-acid-glyoxylate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + an aromatic amino acid = L-glycine + an aromatic oxo acid.
aromatic-amino-acid:glyoxylate aminotransferase activity
aromatic-amino-acid-glyoxylate aminotransferase activity
aromatic-amino-acid--glyoxylate aminotransferase activity
kynurenine-glyoxylate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + glycine.
kynurenine-glyoxylate aminotransferase activity
kynurenine--glyoxylate aminotransferase activity
L-kynurenine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (cyclizing)
glutamine-phenylpyruvate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-phenylalanine.
glutamine-phenylpyruvate aminotransferase activity
glutamine--phenylpyruvate aminotransferase activity
L-glutamine:phenylpyruvate aminotransferase activity
N6-acetyl-beta-lysine transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3-amino-6-acetamidohexanoate = L-glutamate + 3-oxo-6-acetamidohexanoate.
6-acetamido-3-aminohexanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
epsilon-acetyl-beta-lysine aminotransferase activity
N(6)-acetyl-beta-lysine aminotransferase activity
N6-acetyl-beta-lysine aminotransferase activity
aspartate-phenylpyruvate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-aspartate = L-phenylalanine + oxaloacetate.
aspartate-phenylpyruvate aminotransferase activity
aspartate--phenylpyruvate aminotransferase activity
L-aspartate:phenylpyruvate aminotransferase activity
D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine = 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylate + L-glutamate.
D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine aminotransferase activity
D-hydroxyphenylglycine aminotransferase activity
diphosphate-protein phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: microsomal-membrane protein + diphosphate = diphosphate + O-phospho-microsomal-membrane protein.
diphosphate:microsomal-membrane-protein O-phosphotransferase activity
pyrophosphate:protein phosphotransferase activity
pyrophosphate-protein phosphotransferase activity
triphosphate:microsomal-membrane-protein phosphotransferase activity
triphosphate-protein phosphotransferase activity
[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] + ATP = [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] phosphate + ADP.
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase activity
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase activity
ATP:hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) phosphotransferase activity
beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) kinase activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH2) kinase activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase (phosphorylating) activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase activity
[3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) = ADP + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) phosphate.
[3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] kinase activity
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity
ATP:3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) phosphotransferase activity
branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase kinase activity
branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase activity
branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase kinase activity
branched-chain oxo acid dehydrogenase kinase (phosphorylating) activity
phosphoenolpyruvate-glycerone phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycerone + phosphoenolpyruvate = glycerone phosphate + pyruvate.
phosphoenolpyruvate:glycerone phosphotransferase activity
inositol tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ADP.
1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase activity
1D-myo-inositol-trisphosphate 5-kinase activity
1D-myo-inositol-trisphosphate 6-kinase activity
ATP:1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate 1-phosphotransferase activity
inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase activity
inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase activity
inositol-trisphosphate 5-kinase activity
inositol-trisphosphate 6-kinase activity
inositol tetrakisphosphate 5-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ADP.
1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate 5-kinase activity
ATP:1D-myo-inositol-1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 5-phosphotransferase activity
inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 5-kinase activity
inositol-tetrakisphosphate 5-kinase activity
glycerol-3-phosphate-glucose phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + D-glucose = D-glucose 6-phosphate + glycerol.
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase activity
acyl-phosphate-hexose phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-hexose + acyl phosphate = D-hexose phosphate + an acid.
acyl-phosphate:D-hexose phosphotransferase activity
hexose phosphate:hexose phosphotransferase activity
phosphoramidate-hexose phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hexose + phosphoramidate = hexose 1-phosphate + NH3.
phosphoramidate:hexose 1-phosphotransferase activity
phosphoramidate-hexose transphosphorylase activity
phosphoramidic-hexose transphosphorylase activity
polyphosphate-glucose phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose + long chain polyphosphate = glucose-6-phosphate + long chain polyphosphate.
polyphosphate:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase activity
polyphosphate-D-(+)-glucose-6-phosphotransferase activity
polyphosphate-glucose 6-phosphotransferase activity
diphosphate-glycerol phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + diphosphate = glycerol 1-phosphate + H+ + phosphate.
diphosphate:glycerol 1-phosphotransferase activity
PPi-glycerol phosphotransferase activity
pyrophosphate--glycerol phosphotransferase activity
diphosphate-serine phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + diphosphate = O-phospho-L-serine + H+ + phosphate.
diphosphate:L-serine O-phosphotransferase activity
pyrophosphate-L-serine phosphotransferase activity
pyrophosphate--serine phosphotransferase activity
dihydrostreptomycin-6-phosphate 3'-alpha-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dihydrostreptomycin 6-phosphate = ADP + dihydrostreptomycin 3'alpha,6-bisphosphate + 2 H+.
ATP:dihydrostreptomycin-6-P 3'alpha-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:dihydrostreptomycin-6-phosphate 3'alpha-phosphotransferase activity
dihydrostreptomycin-6-phosphate 3'alpha-kinase activity
dihydrostreptomycin 6-phosphate kinase (phosphorylating)
diphosphate-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: fructose-6-phosphate + diphosphate = phosphate + fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
6-phosphofructokinase (diphosphate) activity
6-phosphofructokinase (pyrophosphate) activity
diphosphate:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase activity
diphosphate-dependent 6-phosphofructose-1-kinase activity
inorganic pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase activity
inorganic pyrophosphate-phosphofructokinase activity
pyrophosphate-dependent 6-phosphofructose-1-kinase activity
pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructo-1-kinase activity
pyrophosphate--fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase activity
pyrophosphate-fructose 6-phosphate phosphotransferase activity
3-phosphoglyceroyl-phosphate-polyphosphate phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: long-chain-polyphosphate + 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate = long-chain-polyphosphate + 3-phosphoglycerate.
1,3-diphosphoglycerate-polyphosphate phosphotransferase activity
3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate:polyphosphate phosphotransferase activity
diphosphoglycerate-polyphosphate phosphotransferase activity
5-methyldeoxycytidine-5'-phosphate kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxy-5-methyl-5'-cytidylate + ATP = 5-methyldeoxycytidine diphosphate + ADP + H+.
ATP:5-methyldeoxycytidine-5'-phosphate phosphotransferase activity
dolichyl-diphosphate-polyphosphate phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphate + long-chain-polyphosphate = dolichol-phosphate + long-chain-polyphosphate.
dolichyl-diphosphate:polyphosphate phosphotransferase activity
dolichylpyrophosphate:polyphosphate phosphotransferase activity
UTP:xylose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-xylose 1-phosphate + UTP = UDP-D-xylose + diphosphate.
uridine diphosphoxylose pyrophosphorylase activity
UTP:alpha-D-xylose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
UTP-xylose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
xylose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
xylose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
nucleoside-triphosphate-hexose-1-phosphate nucleotidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hexose 1-phosphate + nucleoside triphosphate = NDP-hexose + diphosphate.
GTP:alpha-D-hexose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
GTP:hexose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphohexose pyrophosphorylase activity
hexose 1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
hexose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
hexose 1-phosphate nucleotidyltransferase activity
NTP:alpha-D-aldose-1-phosphate nucleotidyltransferase activity
NTP:hexose-1-phosphate nucleotidyltransferase activity
nucleoside diphosphohexose pyrophosphorylase activity
nucleoside-triphosphate-aldose-1-phosphate nucleotidyltransferase activity
fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-L-fucose 1-phosphate + GTP + H+ = diphosphate + GDP-beta-L-fucose.
GTP:beta-L-fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
GTP:fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
GTP:L-fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphate L-fucose pyrophosphorylase activity
galactose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + dTTP = diphosphate + dTDP-D-galactose.
dTDP galactose pyrophosphorylase activity
dTDP-galactose pyrophosphorylase activity
dTTP:alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase activity
galactose 1-phosphate thymidylyl transferase activity
thymidine diphosphogalactose pyrophosphorylase activity
thymidine triphosphate:alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase activity
glucose-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + CTP = CDP-D-glucose + diphosphate.
CTP:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
CTP:D-glucose-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
CTP:glucose-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
cytidine diphosphate-D-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity
cytidine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase activity
cytidine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase activity
glucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + GTP = diphosphate + GDP-D-glucose.
GTP:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
GTP:glucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase activity
ribose-5-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ADP + H+ = ADP-ribose + phosphate.
adenosine diphosphoribose phosphorylase activity
ADP:D-ribose-5-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
ADP:ribose-5-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
aldose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: aldose 1-phosphate + ADP = phosphate + ADP-aldose.
adenosine diphosphate glucose:orthophosphate adenylyltransferase activity
adenosine diphosphosugar phosphorylase activity
ADP:aldose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
ADP:alpha-D-aldose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
sugar-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity
aldose-1-phosphate nucleotidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: aldose 1-phosphate + NDP = phosphate + NDP-aldose.
glucose 1-phosphate inosityltransferase activity
NDP:aldose-1-phosphate nucleotidyltransferase activity
NDP:alpha-D-aldose-1-phosphate nucleotidyltransferase activity
nucleoside diphosphate sugar:orthophosphate nucleotidyltransferase activity
nucleoside diphosphosugar phosphorylase activity
sugar-1-phosphate nucleotidyltransferase activity
sugar phosphate nucleotidyltransferase activity
glycerol-3-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CTP = CDP-glycerol + diphosphate.
CTP:glycerol 3-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
CTP:glycerol-3-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
CTP:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
cytidine diphosphate glycerol pyrophosphorylase activity
cytidine diphosphoglycerol pyrophosphorylase activity
D-ribitol-5-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribitol 5-phosphate + CTP = CDP-ribitol + diphosphate.
CTP:D-ribitol-5-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
cytidine diphosphate ribitol pyrophosphorylase activity
cytidine diphosphoribitol pyrophosphorylase activity
ribitol 5-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
glucuronate-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
UDP-D-glucuronic acid pyrophosphorylase activity
UDP-glucuronate pyrophosphorylase activity
UDP-glucuronic acid pyrophosphorylase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronic pyrophosphorylase activity
UTP:1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronate uridylyltransferase activity
UTP:glucuronate-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 GTP + H+ = P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate + diphosphate + H+.
guanosine-triphosphate guanylyltransferase activity
adenylylsulfate-ammonia adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-adenylyl sulfate + NH4 = adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate + 2 H+ + sulfate.
adenylylsulfate:ammonia adenylyltransferase activity
adenylylsulphate-ammonia adenylyltransferase activity
N-methylphosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylethanolamine phosphate + CTP = CDP-N-methylethanolamine + diphosphate.
CTP:N-methylethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
CTP:N-methylphosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase activity
monomethylethanolamine phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
sphingosine cholinephosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + sphingosine = CMP + H+ + sphingosyl-phosphocholine.
CDP-choline:sphingosine cholinephosphotransferase activity
CDP-choline-sphingosine cholinephosphotransferase activity
cytidine diphosphocholine-sphingosine cholinephosphotransferase activity
phosphorylcholine-sphingosine transferase activity
sphingosine choline phosphotransferase activity
CDP-glycerol glycerophosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycerophosphate(n) + CDP-glycerol = glycerophosphate(n+1) + CMP.
CDP-glycerol:poly(glycerophosphate) glycerophosphotransferase activity
CDPglycerol glycerophosphotransferase activity
cytidine diphosphoglycerol glycerophosphotransferase activity
poly(glycerol phosphate) polymerase activity
teichoic acid glycerol transferase activity
CDP-ribitol ribitolphosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ribitol phosphate(n) + CDP-ribitol = ribitol phosphate(n+1) + CMP.
CDP-ribitol:poly(ribitol phosphate) ribitolphosphotransferase activity
CDPribitol ribitolphosphotransferase activity
poly(ribitol phosphate) synthetase activity
polyribitol phosphate polymerase activity
polyribitol phosphate synthetase activity
UDP-galactose-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine galactose phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + UDP-D-galactose = H+ + UDP-N-acetyl-6-(D-galactose-1-phospho)-D-glucosamine + UMP.
UDPgalactose:UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine galactose phosphotransferase activity
UDP-galactose:UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine galactose phosphotransferase activity
UDPgalactose-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine galactose phosphotransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine galactose-1-phosphotransferase activity
UDP-glucose-glycoprotein glucose phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein D-mannose + UDP-D-glucose = glycoprotein 6-(D-glucose-1-phospho)-D-mannose + UMP.
UDPglucose:glycoprotein-D-mannose glucosephosphotransferase activity
UDP-glucose:glycoprotein-D-mannose glucosephosphotransferase activity
UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucose-1-phosphotransferase activity
UDPglucose-glycoprotein glucose phosphotransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-glycoprotein glucose-1-phosphotransferase activity
1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol choline phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol + CDP-choline = plasmenylcholine + CMP.
CDP-choline:1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase activity
CDP-choline-1-alkenyl-2-acyl-glycerol phosphocholinetransferase activity
undecaprenyl-phosphate galactose phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + UDP-D-galactose = alpha-D-galactosyl-diphosphoundecaprenol + UMP.
poly(isoprenol)-phosphate galactosephosphotransferase activity
poly(isoprenol)-phosphate galactose phosphotransferase activity
poly(isoprenyl)phosphate galactosephosphatetransferase activity
UDP-galactose:undecaprenyl-phosphate galactose phosphotransferase activity
undecaprenyl phosphate galactosyl-1-phosphate transferase activity
phosphomannan mannosephosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphomannan(n) + GDP-mannose = phosphomannan(n+1) + GMP.
GDP-mannose:phosphomannan mannose phosphotransferase activity
thiosulfate-dithiol sulfurtransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dithioerythritol + thiosulfate = hydrogen sulfide + dithioerythritol disulfide + sulfite.
thiosulfate:dithioerythritol sulfurtransferase activity
thiosulphate-dithiol sulphurtransferase activity
triglucosylalkylacylglycerol sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucosyl-1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,3-1-O-alkyl-2-O-acylglycerol + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 6-sulfo-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,3-1-O-alkyl-2-O-acylglycerol + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:triglucosyl-1-O-alkyl-2-O-acylglycerol 6-sulfotransferase activity
triglucosylalkylacylglycerol sulphotransferase activity
triglucosylmonoalkylmonoacyl sulfotransferase activity
desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + desulfoglucotropeolin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + glucotropeolin + H+.
3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate:desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferase activity
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferase activity
desulphoglucosinolate sulphotransferase activity
PAPS-desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferase activity
quercetin-3-sulfate 3'-sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin 3-sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + quercetin 3,3'-disulfate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:quercetin-3-sulfate 3'-sulfotransferase activity
PAPS:flavonol 3-sulfate 3'-sulfotransferase activity
quercetin-3-sulphate 3'-sulphotransferase activity
quercetin-3-sulfate 4'-sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin 3-sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + quercetin 3,4'-disulfate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:quercetin-3-sulfate 4'-sulfotransferase activity
PAPS:flavonol 3-sulfate 4'-sulfotransferase activity
quercetin-3-sulphate 4'-sulphotransferase activity
quercetin-3,3'-bissulfate 7-sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin 3,3'-bissulfate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = quercetin 3,3',7-trissulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:quercetin-3,3'-bissulfate 7-sulfotransferase activity
PAPS:flavonol 3,3'/3,4'-disulfate 7-sulfotransferase activity
quercetin-3,3'-bissulphate 7-sulphotransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4,6-disulfate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-4-sulfate 6-sulfotransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulphate sulphotransferase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate sulfotransferase activity
uridine diphospho-N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate sulfotransferase activity
succinate-hydroxymethylglutarate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA + succinate.
dicarboxyl-CoA:dicarboxylic acid coenzyme A transferase activity
hydroxymethylglutarate coenzyme A-transferase activity
succinate:(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate CoA-transferase activity
succinate-citramalate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-citramalate + succinyl-CoA = citramalyl-CoA + succinate.
citramalate coenzyme A-transferase activity
succinyl-CoA:citramalate CoA-transferase activity
succinyl coenzyme A-citramalyl coenzyme A transferase activity
butyrate-acetoacetate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + butanoyl-CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + butanoate.
butanoyl-CoA:acetoacetate CoA-transferase activity
butyryl-CoA-acetoacetate CoA-transferase activity
butyryl coenzyme A-acetoacetate coenzyme A-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + acylglycerol = a fatty acid + glycerol.
acetoxybutynylbithiophene deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + H2O = 5-(4-hydroxy-but-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + acetate + H+.
5-(4-acetoxy-1-butynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene:acetate esterase activity
5-(4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene O-acetylhydrolase activity
acetoxybutynylbithiophene esterase activity
methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H+.
4-methylumbelliferyl-acetate acylhydrolase activity
N-acetylgalactosaminoglycan deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminoglycan = acetate + D-galactosaminoglycan.
N-acetyl-D-galactosaminoglycan acetylhydrolase activity
N-acetyl galactosaminoglycan deacetylase activity
all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase, all-trans-retinol forming activity
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinyl palmitate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + H+ + palmitate.
all-trans-retinyl-palmitate acylhydrolase activity
all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase activity
retinyl-palmitate palmitohydrolase activity
5-(3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + H2O = 5-(3-hydroxy-4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + acetate + H+.
3,4-diacetoxybutinylbithiophene:4-acetate esterase activity
5-(3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene acetylhydrolase activity
diacetoxybutynylbithiophene acetate esterase activity
acetylalkylglycerol acetylhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + acetate + H+.
2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycerol acetylhydrolase activity
alkylacetylglycerol acetylhydrolase activity
ADP-dependent short-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a short-chain acyl-CoA = a short-chain carboxylate + CoA.
ADP-dependent propionyl-CoA hydrolase activity
ADP-dependent propionyl-CoA thioesterase activity
ADP-dependent propionyl coenzyme A hydrolase activity
ADP-dependent short-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity
ADP-dependent-short-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase activity
ADP-dependent short-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase activity
ADP-dependent short-chain acyl coenzyme A hydrolase activity
ADP-dependent medium-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a medium-chain acyl-CoA = a medium-chain carboxylate + CoA. Requires ADP.
ADP-dependent medium-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity
ADP-dependent-medium-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase activity
ADP-dependent medium-chain acyl coenzyme A hydrolase activity
ADP-dependent medium-chain acyl-thioester hydrolase activity
ADP-dependent medium-chain hydrolase activity
ADP-dependent myristoyl-CoA thioesterase activity
dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = dodecanoate + [acyl-carrier protein].
dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] hydrolase activity
dodecanoyl-acyl-carrier-protein hydrolase activity
dodecyl-[acyl-carrier protein] hydrolase activity
lauroyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity
lauryl-[acyl-carrier protein] hydrolase activity
lauryl-acyl-carrier protein hydrolase activity
lauryl-acyl-carrier-protein hydrolase activity
methylphosphothioglycerate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-3-phospho-1-thio-D-glycerate + H2O = S-methyl-1-thio-D-glycerate + phosphate.
methylthiophosphoglycerate phosphatase activity
S-methyl-3-phospho-1-thio-D-glycerate phosphohydrolase activity
guanidinodeoxy-scyllo-inositol-4-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + H2O = 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol + phosphate.
1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol-4-phosphate 4-phosphohydrolase activity
1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol-4-P phosphohydrolase activity
1-guanidino-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphatase activity
[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)]-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] phosphate = phosphate + [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)].
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)-phosphatase activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
[3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)]-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + [3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphate = phosphate + [3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)].
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)-phosphatase activity
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
branched-chain 2-keto acid dehydrogenase phosphatase activity
branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase phosphatase
branched-chain oxo-acid dehydrogenase phosphatase activity
fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 6-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + H2O = beta-D-fructofuranose 2-phosphate + phosphate.
beta-D-fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 6-phosphohydrolase activity
D-fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 6-phosphohydrolase activity
fructose 2,6-bisphosphate-6-phosphohydrolase activity
fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 6-phosphohydrolase activity
serine-ethanolaminephosphate phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + serine phosphoethanolamine = H+ + phosphoethanolamine + serine.
serine ethanolamine phosphodiester phosphodiesterase activity
serine-phosphoethanolamine ethanolaminephosphohydrolase activity
[glutamine synthetase]-adenylyl-L-tyrosine phosphorylase
Catalysis of the reaction: adenylyl-[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)] + H2O = AMP + [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)].
adenylyl(glutamine synthetase) hydrolase activity
adenylyl-[glutamate-ammonia ligase] hydrolase activity
adenylyl-glutamate-ammonia ligase hydrolase activity
adenylyl-glutamine-synthetasehydrolase activity
adenylyl-L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) adenylylhydrolase activity
glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-1-glycero-3-phosphocholine = glycerol-3-phosphate + choline.
glycerolphosphorylcholine phosphodiesterase activity
glycerophosphinicocholine diesterase activity
glycerylphosphorylcholinediesterase activity
sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine glycerophosphohydrolase activity
sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine diesterase activity
glycerophosphocholine cholinephosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = choline phosphate + glycerol + H+.
L-3-glycerylphosphinicocholine cholinephosphohydrolase activity
sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine cholinephosphohydrolase activity
alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = ethanolamine + 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.
1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine ethanolaminehydrolase activity
CMP-N-acylneuraminate phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + CMP-N-acylneuraminate = N-acylneuraminate + CMP.
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate hydrolase activity
CMP-N-acylneuraminate N-acylneuraminohydrolase activity
CMP-N-acylneuraminic acid hydrolase activity
cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydrolase activity
cytidine monophosphosialate hydrolase activity
cytidine monophosphosialic hydrolase activity
glycerol-1,2-cyclic-phosphate 2-phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol 1,2-cyclic phosphate + H2O = glycerol 1-phosphate + H+.
rac-glycerol-1,2-cyclic-phosphate 2-glycerophosphohydrolase activity
rac-glycerol 1:2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphodiesterase activity
glycerophosphoinositol inositolphosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myoinositol = 1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate + glycerol.
1,2-cyclic-inositol-phosphate phosphodiesterase activity
1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol inositolphosphohydrolase activity
1-D-myo-inositol-1,2-cyclic-phosphate 2-inositolphosphohydrolase activity
D-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase activity
D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase activity
D-myo-inositol 1:2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase activity
inositol-1,2-cyclic-phosphate 2-inositolphosphohydrolase activity
glycerophosphoinositol glycerophosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + myo-inositol + H+.
1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol glycerophosphohydrolase activity
sn-glycero(3)phosphoinositol glycerophosphohydrolase activity
sn-glycero-3-phospho-1-inositol glycerophosphohydrolase activity
glycosylphosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate.
(glycosyl)phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity
6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol diacylglycerol-lyase (1,2-cyclic-phosphate-forming) activity
6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol diacyl-sn-glycerol-lyase [6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate-forming]
glycosyl inositol phospholipid anchor-hydrolyzing enzyme activity
glycosylphosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C activity
glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity
variant-surface-glycoprotein phospholipase C activity
dolichylphosphate-glucose phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate + H2O = dolichol-phosphate + beta-D-glucose.
dolichol phosphoglucose phosphodiesterase activity
dolichyl-beta-D-glucosyl-phosphate dolichylphosphohydrolase activity
dolichyl-phosphate-glucose phosphodiesterase activity
dolichylphosphate-mannose phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl beta-D-mannosyl phosphate + H2O = dolichol-phosphate + mannose.
dolichyl-beta-D-mannosyl-phosphate dolichylphosphohydrolase activity
mannosylphosphodolichol phosphodiesterase activity
glucose-1-phospho-D-mannosylglycoprotein phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 6-(D-glucose-1-phospho)-D-mannosylglycoprotein = D-mannosylglycoprotein + D-glucose-alpha-1-phosphate.
6-(D-glucose-1-phospho)-D-mannosylglycoprotein glucose-1-phosphohydrolase activity
alpha-glucose-1-phosphate phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phosphonoacetate = acetate + H+ + phosphate.
phosphonoacetate phosphonohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + trithionate = H+ + sulfate + thiosulfate.
protein-glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine glucosidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + protein alpha-D-glucosyl-1,2-beta-D-galactosyl-L-hydroxylysine = protein beta-D-galactosyl-L-hydroxylysine + beta-D-glucose. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzes glucose from alpha-D-glucosyl- (1->2)-beta-D-galactosyl disaccharide units that are linked to hydroxylysine residues of collagen and collagen-like proteins.
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-5-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosylhydroxy-L-lysine glucohydrolase activity
protein-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,2-beta-D-galactosyl-L-hydroxylysine glucohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + beta-D-Gal-(1,3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1,3)-beta-D-Gal-(1,4)-D-Glc = beta-D-Gal-(1,4)-D-Glc + beta-D-Gal-(1,3)-D-GlcNAc.
oligosaccharide lacto-N-biosylhydrolase activity
glucuronosyl-disulfoglucosamine glucuronidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 3-D-glucuronosyl-N2-,6-disulfo-beta-D-glucosamine = glucuronate + N2,6-disulfo-D-glucosamine.
3-D-glucuronsyl-2-N,6-disulfo-beta-D-glucosamine glucuronohydrolase activity
3-D-glucuronsyl-N2,6-disulfo-beta-D-glucosamine glucuronohydrolase activity
glucuronosyl-disulphoglucosamine glucuronidase activity
pyrimidine-5'-nucleotide nucleosidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a pyrimidine 5'-nucleotide = ribose-5-phosphate + a pyrimidine.
pyrimidine-5'-nucleotide phosphoribo(deoxyribo)hydrolase activity
pyrimidine nucleotide N-ribosidase activity
beta-aspartyl-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + L-asparagine.
1-beta-aspartyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylamine L-asparaginohydrolase activity
beta-aspartylacetylglucosaminidase activity
ADP-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase] hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase] = adenosine diphosphate ribose + [dinitrogen reductase].
ADP-D-ribosyl-dinitrogen reductase ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity
ADP-ribosyl-dinitrogen reductase hydrolase activity
dinitrogenase reductase activating glycohydrolase activity
dinitrogenase reductase-activating glycohydrolase activity
alkenylglycerophosphocholine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 1-(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = L-1-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an aldehyde.
1-(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine aldehydohydrolase activity
alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 1-(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an aldehyde.
1-(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine aldehydohydrolase activity
N-formylmethionylaminoacyl-tRNA deformylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + charged-fMet-tRNAs = L-methionylaminoacyl-tRNA + formate.
N-formyl-L-methionylaminoacyl-tRNA amidohydrolase activity
2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + 2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate = CO2 + NH3 + succinate semialdehyde + acetate.
2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate amidohydrolase (deaminating, decarboxylating)
alpha-(N-acetylaminomethylene)succinic acid hydrolase activity
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine deacylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine = ethanolamine + a fatty acid.
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine amidohydrolase activity
N-acylethanolamine amidohydrolase activity
N(alpha)-benzyloxycarbonylleucine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine + H2O + H+ = L-leucine + benzyl alcohol + CO2.
alpha-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine urethanehydrolase activity
benzyloxycarbonylleucine hydrolase activity
nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl amino acid urethane hydrolase IV
nalpha-benzyloxycarbonylleucine hydrolase activity
nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine urethanehydrolase activity
2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(acetamidomethylene)succinate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2Z)-2-(acetamidomethylene)-3-(hydroxymethyl)succinate + 2 H2O + H+ = 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxobutanoate + acetate + CO2 + NH4.
2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(acetamidomethylene)succinate amidohydrolase (deaminating, decarboxylating)
alpha-hydroxymethyl-alpha'-(N-acetylaminomethylene)succinic acid hydrolase activity
D-benzoylarginine-4-nitroanilide amidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-benzoyl-D-arginine-4-nitroanilide + H2O = 4-nitroaniline + N(2)-benzoyl-D-arginine + H+.
N-benzoyl-D-arginine-4-nitroanilide amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetylarylalkylamine = acetate + arylalkylamine.
N-acetylarylalkylamine amidohydrolase activity
N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid = CO2 + NH3 + D-amino acid.
N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a phthalylamide = phthalate + substituted amine.
N-acetylgalactosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate = acetate + D-galactosamine 6-phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acyl-D-amino acid = D-amino acid + an acid.
N-acyl-D-amino acid amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-glutamate + H2O = D-glutamate + a carboxylate.
N-acyl-D-glutamate amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-aspartate + H2O = D-aspartate + a carboxylate.
N-acyl-D-aspartate amidohydrolase activity
N-methylhydantoinase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylhydantoin + ATP + 2 H2O = N-carbamoylsarcosine + ADP + 3 H+ + phosphate.
N-methylhydantoin amidohydrolase activity
N-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione amidohydrolase (ATP-hydrolysing)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + methylenediurea = CO2 + 2 NH3 + N-hydroxymethylurea.
1-pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylate deaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H2O + H+ = 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NH4.
1-pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylate aminohydrolase (decyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + ricinine = NH3 + 3-carboxy-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-cyano-L-alanine + 2 H2O + H+ = L-aspartate + NH4.
3-cyano-L-alanine aminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + 4-chlorophenylacetonitrile = 4-chlorophenylacetate + NH3.
arylacetonitrile aminohydrolase activity
nucleoside triphosphate diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside triphosphate + H2O = a nucleotide + H+ + diphosphate.
nucleoside-triphosphate diphosphatase activity
nucleoside-triphosphate diphosphohydrolase activity
nucleoside-triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity
oligosaccharide-diphosphodolichol diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oligosaccharide-diphosphodolichol = dolichol-phosphate + oligosaccharide phosphate.
oligosaccharide-diphosphodolichol phosphodolichohydrolase activity
oligosaccharide-diphosphodolichol pyrophosphatase activity
3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4,5-dicarboxylate 4-decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate + H+ = 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3-carboxylate + CO2.
3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4,5-dicarboxylate 4-carboxy-lyase (3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-5-carboxylate-forming)
3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4,5-dicarboxylate 4-carboxy-lyase activity
2,2-dialkylglycine decarboxylase (pyruvate) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-dialkylglycine + H+ + pyruvate = L-alanine + CO2 + dialkyl ketone.
2,2-dialkyl-2-amino acid-pyruvate aminotransferase activity
2,2-dialkylglycine carboxy-lyase (amino-transferring; L-alanine-forming)
2,2-dialkylglycine carboxy-lyase (amino-transferring)
alpha-dialkyl amino acid transaminase activity
dialkyl amino acid (pyruvate) decarboxylase activity
dialkylamino-acid decarboxylase (pyruvate)
L-alanine-alpha-ketobutyrate aminotransferase activity
branched-chain-2-oxoacid decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + H+ = 2-methylbutanal + CO2.
(3S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate carboxy-lyase (2-methylbutanal-forming)
(3S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate carboxy-lyase activity
branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase activity
branched-chain keto acid decarboxylase activity
branched-chain oxo acid decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: indolepyruvate = CO2 + indole acetaldehyde.
3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate carboxy-lyase [(2-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde-forming]
3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate carboxy-lyase activity
indol-3-yl-pyruvate carboxy-lyase activity
indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase activity
5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H+ = 4-guanidinobutanal + CO2.
2-oxo-5-guanidinopentanoate carboxy-lyase (4-guanidinobutanal-forming)
2-oxo-5-guanidinopentanoate carboxy-lyase activity
2-oxo-5-guanidinopentanoate decarboxylase activity
2-oxo-5-guanidinovalerate alpha-ketoarginine decarboxylase activity
alpha-ketoarginine decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aryl-2-methylmalonate + H+ = 2-arylpropionate + CO2.
2-aryl-2-methylmalonate carboxy-lyase (2-arylpropanoate-forming)
2-aryl-2-methylmalonate carboxy-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-oxalocrotonate = CO2 + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.
4-oxalocrotonate carboxy-lyase (2-oxopent-4-enoate-forming)
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-pentonate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-pentonate = glycolaldehyde + pyruvate.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-pentonate glycolaldehyde-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-pentonate glycolaldehyde-lyase activity
2-keto-3-deoxy-D-xylonate aldolase activity
2-keto-3-deoxy-L-arabonate aldolase activity
2-keto-3-deoxy-L-pentonate aldolase activity
3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = D-arabinose + pyruvate.
2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate aldolase activity
3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate D-arabinose-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate D-arabinose-lyase activity
3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic aldolase activity
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate = glycolaldehyde + pyruvate.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate glycolaldehyde-lyase activity
2-keto-3-deoxy-D-pentonate aldolase activity
5-dehydro-2-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate = 3-oxopropanoate + glycerone phosphate.
5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate-6-phosphate malonate-semialdehyde-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate-6-phosphate malonate-semialdehyde-lyase activity
phospho-5-dehydro-2-deoxygluconate aldolase activity
phospho-5-keto-2-deoxygluconate aldolase activity
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone = acetaldehyde + 4-androstene-3,17-dione.
17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone acetaldehyde-lyase (4-androstene-3,17-dione-forming)
17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone acetaldehyde-lyase activity
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone acetaldehyde-lyase activity
17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone aldolase activity
4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate = 2 pyruvate.
4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-ketoglutarate aldolase activity
4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate pyruvate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate pyruvate-lyase activity
gamma-methyl-gamma-hydroxy-alpha-ketoglutaric aldolase activity
N-acylneuraminate-9-phosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate = phosphate + N-acylneuraminate 9-phosphate.
N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphate lyase activity
N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphate sialic acid 9-phosphate synthase activity
N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphate synthetase activity
N-acetylneuraminic acid phosphate synthase activity
N-acylneuraminate-9-phosphate pyruvate-lyase (pyruvate-phosphorylating) activity
phosphoenolpyruvate:N-acyl-D-mannosamine-6-phosphate 1-(2-carboxy-2-oxoethyl)transferase activity
sialic acid 9-phosphate synthetase activity
3-hydroxy-3-isohexenylglutaryl-CoA lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA + 4 H+ = 7-methyl-3-oxooct-6-enoyl-CoA + acetate.
3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA acetate-lyase (7-methyl-3-oxooct-6-enoyl-CoA-forming)
3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA acetate-lyase activity
3-hydroxy-3-isohexenylglutaryl-CoA isopentenylacetoacetyl-CoA-lyase activity
3-hydroxy-3-isohexenylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase activity
beta-hydroxy-beta-isohexenylglutaryl CoA-lyase activity
hydroxyisohexenylglutaryl-CoA:acetatelyase activity
(1-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)acetyl-CoA lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (1-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)acetyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + cyclohexanone.
(1-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)acetyl-CoA cyclohexanone-lyase (acetyl-CoA-forming)
(1-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)acetyl-CoA cyclohexanone-lyase activity
erythro-3-hydroxyaspartate ammonia-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: erythro-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = NH3 + oxaloacetic acid.
erythro-3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase activity
erythro-3-hydroxy-L(s)-aspartate hydro-lyase (deaminating) activity
erythro-3-hydroxy-Ls-aspartate ammonia-lyase (oxaloacetate-forming)
erythro-3-hydroxy-Ls-aspartate ammonia-lyase activity
erythro-3-hydroxy-Ls-aspartate hydro-lyase (deaminating)
erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase activity
5-dehydro-4-deoxyglucarate dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H+ = 2,5-dioxopentanoate + CO2 + H2O.
5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate hydro-lyase (decarboxylating; 2,5-dioxopentanoate-forming)
5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate hydro-lyase (decarboxylating)
5-keto-4-deoxy-glucarate dehydratase activity
D-4-deoxy-5-ketoglucarate hydro-lyase activity
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate = 2,5-dioxopentanoate + H2O.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate hydro-lyase (2,5-dioxopentanoate-forming)
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate hydro-lyase activity
2-keto-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate dehydratase activity
(3R)-hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] = (2E)-butenoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H2O.
(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydro-lyase activity
3-hydroxybutyryl acyl carrier protein dehydratase activity
beta-hydroxybutyryl acyl carrier protein (ACP) dehydrase activity
crotonoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] hydratase activity
crotonoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydratase activity
crotonoyl-acyl-carrier-protein hydratase activity
crotonyl acyl carrier protein hydratase activity
(3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = H2O + (2E)-octenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein].
(3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydro-lyase activity
3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase activity
3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
3-hydroxyoctanoyl-ACP dehydratase activity
protoaphin-aglucone dehydratase (cyclizing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protoaphin aglucone = H2O + xanthoaphin.
protoaphin-aglucone hydro-lyase (cyclizing; xanthoaphin-forming)
protoaphin-aglucone hydro-lyase (cyclizing)
ATP-dependent NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-6beta-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + ATP = ADP + 3 H+ + NADH + phosphate.
(6S)-beta-6-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide hydro-lyase(ATP-hydrolysing; NADH-forming)
(6S)-beta-6-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide hydro-lyase (ATP-hydrolysing)
ATP-dependent H(4)NAD(P)OH dehydratase activity
ATP-dependent H4NAD(P)OH dehydratase activity
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phaseollidin hydrate = H2O + phaseollidin.
phaseollidin-hydrate hydro-lyase (phaseollidin-forming)
phaseollidin-hydrate hydro-lyase activity
16-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 16-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone = H2O + 16-dehydroprogesterone.
16alpha-hydroxyprogesterone dehydratase activity
16alpha-hydroxyprogesterone dehydroxylase activity
16-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone dehydroxylase activity
16alpha-hydroxyprogesterone hydro-lyase (16,17-didehydroprogesterone-forming)
16alpha-hydroxyprogesterone hydro-lyase activity
16-dehydroprogesterone hydratase activity
hydroxyprogesterone dehydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate = cis-2-methylaconitate + H2O.
(2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate hydro-lyase [(Z)-but-2-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate-forming]
(2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate hydro-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: linear alpha-D-glucan = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + beta-D-glucose.
(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan exo-4-lyase (1,5-anhydro-D-fructose-forming)
alpha-(1->4)-glucan 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose eliminase activity
alpha-1,4-glucan 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose eliminase activity
exo-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-serine + pyrazole = 3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine + acetate + H+.
3-O-acetyl-L-serine:pyrazole 1-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)transferase activity
beta-(1-pyrazolyl)alanine synthase activity
beta-pyrazolylalanine synthase (acetylserine) activity
O(3)-acetyl-L-serine acetate-lyase (adding pyrazole) activity
O3-acetyl-L-serine:pyrazole 1-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)transferase activity
O3-acetyl-L-serine acetate-lyase (adding pyrazole)
3-aminobutyryl-CoA ammonia-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-aminobutanoyl-CoA = crotonoyl-CoA + NH4.
L-3-aminobutyryl-CoA ammonia-lyase (crotonoyl-CoA-forming)
L-3-aminobutyryl-CoA ammonia-lyase activity
L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate dehydrochlorinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate + H2O = 2-oxopent-4-enoate + chloride + H+ + NH4.
L-2-amino-4-chloro-4-pentenoate dehalogenase activity
L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate chloride-lyase (adding H2O; deaminating; 2-oxopent-4-enoate-forming)
L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate chloride-lyase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + (+)-delta-cadinene.
2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, (+)-delta-cadinene-forming)
phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + ATP + H2O = D-phenylalanine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.
phenylalanine racemase (adenosine triphosphate-hydrolysing)
phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolysing)
2-aminohexano-6-lactam racemase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminohexano-6-lactam = D-2-aminohexano-6-lactam.
2-amino-hexano-6-lactam racemase activity
alpha-amino-epsilon-caprolactam racemase activity
heparosan-N-sulfate-glucuronate 5-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: heparosan-N-sulfate D-glucuronate = heparosan-N-sulfate L-iduronate.
heparosan-N-sulfate-D-glucuronosyl 5-epimerase activity
heparosan-N-sulphate-glucuronate 5-epimerase activity
poly[(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-sulfo-alpha-D-glucosaminyl] glucurono-5-epimerase activity
N-acylglucosamine-6-phosphate 2-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate = N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate.
acylglucosamine-6-phosphate 2-epimerase activity
acylglucosamine phosphate 2-epimerase activity
acylmannosamine phosphate 2-epimerase activity
N-acetylglucosmamine 6-phosphate 2-epimerase activity
N-acetylmannosamine-6-phosphate 2-epimerase activity
N-acyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate 2-epimerase activity
2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide = trans-2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide.
2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide cis-trans-isomerase activity
2-chlorocarboxymethylenebutenolide isomerase activity
4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde-oxime isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime = (Z)-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime.
phosphoglucomutase (glucose-cofactor) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glucose-1-phosphate = glucose-6-phosphate; using D-glucose as a cofactor.
alpha-D-glucose 1,6-phosphomutase (glucose-cofactor)
glucose-1-phosphate phosphotransferase activity
4-carboxymethyl-4-methylbutenolide mutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxymethyl-4-methylbut-2-en-1,4-olide = 4-carboxymethyl-3-methylbut-2-en-1,4-olide.
4-carboxymethyl-4-methylbut-2-en-1,4-olide methylmutase activity
4-methyl-2-enelactone isomerase activity
4-methyl-2-enelactone methyl-isomerase activity
4-methyl-3-enelactone methyl isomerase activity
4-methylmuconolactone methylisomerase activity
(1,4)-alpha-D-glucan 1-alpha-D-glucosylmutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl](n-1)-D-glucose = 1-alpha-D-[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl](n-1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan 1-alpha-D-glucosylmutase
maltodextrin alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
malto-oligosyltrehalose synthase activity
maltose alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: maltose = trehalose.
3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furoate = 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate + H+.
3-carboxymuconate cycloisomerase type II activity
3-carboxymuconate lactonizing enzyme activity
3-carboxymuconolactone hydrolase activity
beta-carboxymuconate lactonizing enzyme activity
D-alanine [D-alanyl carrier protein] ligase activity
Catalysis of the ATP-dependent activation of D-alanine and its transfer as a thiol ester to the phosphopantheinyl prosthetic group of a D-alanyl carrier protein, according to the reaction: ATP + D-alanine + a [D-alaninyl carrier protein] = a D-alanyl-[D-alanyl carrier protein] + AMP + diphosphate.
D-alanine:poly(phosphoribitol) ligase (AMP-forming)
D-alanine-D-alanyl carrier protein ligase activity
D-alanine-poly(phosphoribitol) ligase activity
long-chain fatty acid luciferin component ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protein + an acid + ATP = an acyl-protein thiolester + diphosphate + AMP. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.
long-chain-fatty-acid:protein ligase (AMP-forming)
long-chain-fatty-acid luciferin component ligase activity
long-chain-fatty-acid-luciferin-component ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + phenylacetate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + phenylacetyl-CoA.
3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate-CoA ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate + ATP = 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanoyl-CoA + diphosphate + AMP.
3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanate-CoA ligase activity
3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl coenzyme A synthetase activity
aspartate-ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + ATP + NH4 = L-asparagine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
asparagine synthetase (adenosine diphosphate-forming)
asparagine synthetase (ADP-forming) activity
L-aspartate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: reduced glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP = trypanothione + ADP + phosphate.
glutathionylspermidine:glutathione ligase (ADP-forming)
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide-D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysine + ATP + D-alanyl-D-alanine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + ADP.
UDPacetylmuramoylpentapeptide synthetase activity
UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu-L-Lys:D-Ala-D-Ala ligase activity
UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide synthetase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine-D-glutamyl-lysine-D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine-D-glutamyl-lysine--D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamyl-2,6-diaminopimelate--D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamyl-lysine-D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-tripeptide-D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysine:D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine synthetase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine synthetase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylmuramoylpentapeptide synthetase activity
D-alanine-alanyl-poly(glycerolphosphate) ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alanyl-poly(glycerolphosphate) + D-alanine + ATP = D-alanyl-alanyl-poly(glycerolphosphate) + phosphate + ADP.
D-alanine:alanyl-poly(glycerolphosphate) ligase (ADP-forming)
D-alanine:membrane-acceptor ligase activity
D-alanine-membrane acceptor-ligase activity
D-alanyl-alanyl-poly(glycerolphosphate) synthetase activity
D-alanylalanylpoly(phosphoglycerol) synthetase activity
D-alanyl-poly(phosphoglycerol) synthetase activity
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate-L-lysine ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysine.
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate:L-lysine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysine synthetase activity
UPD-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu:L-Lys ligase activity
uridine diphospho-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamyllysine synthetase activity
imidazoleacetate-phosphoribosyldiphosphate ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + ATP + H2O + imidazol-4-ylacetate = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazol-4-ylacetate + ADP + diphosphate + 2 H+ + phosphate.
5-phosphoribosylimidazoleacetate synthetase activity
imidazoleacetate:5-phosphoribosyl-diphosphate ligase (ADP- and diphosphate-forming)
regulation of response to osmotic stress
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the response to osmotic stress.
OBSOLETE. Binding to a protein N-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 2-amino (or 2-imino) function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl or 1,3-alpha-L-iduronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate = 2 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate.
unsaturated oligogalacturonate transeliminase activity
Catalysis of the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing 1,4-linked D-glucuronate or L-iduronate residues and 1,4-alpha-linked 2-sulfoamino-2-deoxy-6-sulfo-D-glucose residues to give oligosaccharides with terminal 4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their nonreducing ends.
Catalysis of the reaction: a pectate = a pectate + 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate from the reducing end of pectate, i.e. de-esterified pectin.
(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonan reducing-end-disaccharide-lyase activity
exopolygalacturonic acid-trans-eliminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a pectin = an oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-6-O-methyl-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronate end + a pectin. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of (1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonan methyl ester to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-6-O-methyl-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl groups at their nonreducing ends.
(1->4)-6-O-methyl-alpha-D-galacturonan lyase activity
polymethylgalacturonic transeliminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing a terminal alpha-L-guluronate group = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing a terminal a-L-guluronate group, to give oligopolysaccharides with 4-deoxy-a-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl groups at their nonreducing ends.
poly(alpha-L-1,4-guluronide) exo-lyase activity
polyguluronate-specific alginate lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: xanthan = oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enuronosyl end + pyruvylate mannose. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of the terminal beta-D-mannosyl-beta-D-1,4-glucuronosyl linkage of the side-chain of the polysaccharide xanthan, leaving a 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enuronosyl group at the terminus of the side-chain.
ceramide cholinephosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + ceramide = CMP + H+ + sphingomyelin.
CDP-choline:N-acylsphingosine cholinephosphotransferase activity
phosphorylcholine-ceramide transferase activity
serine-phosphoethanolamine synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + CDP-ethanolamine = L-serine-phosphoethanolamine + CMP + H+.
CDP-ethanolamine:L-serine ethanolamine phosphotransferase activity
serine ethanolamine phosphate synthetase activity
serine ethanolamine phosphodiester synthase activity
serine ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity
serine-phosphinico-ethanolamine synthase activity
serinephosphoethanolamine synthase activity
membrane-oligosaccharide glycerophosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a glycerophospho group from one membrane-derived oligosaccharide to another.
membrane-derived-oligosaccharide-6-(glycerophospho)-D-glucose:membrane-derived-oligosaccharide-D-glucose glycerophosphotransferase activity
periplasmic phosphoglycerotransferase activity
The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.
mitochondrion transport along microtubule
The directed movement of a mitochondrion along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.
mitochondrial migration along microtubule
mitochondrial transport along microtubule
calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate. This reaction requires Ca2+.
calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity
calcium-dependent secreted phospholipase A2 activity
calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate. This reaction does not require Ca2+.
calcium-independent cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-borneol + NAD+ = (1R, 4R)-camphor + H+ + NADH.
(+)-borneol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
bicyclic monoterpenol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-neomenthol + NADP+ = (2S,5R)-menthone + H+ + NADPH.
(+)-neomenthol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-cis-sabinol + NAD+ = (1S,5S)-sabinone + H+ + NADH.
(+)-cis-sabinol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-borneol + NAD+ = (1S,4S)-camphor + H+ + NADH.
(-)-borneol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + NADP+ = (2S,5R)-menthone + H+ + NADPH.
(-)-menthol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 1,4-menthane-3,8-diol + H2O + NADP+.
(-)-menthol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (8-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dAMP = ADP + dADP.
(deoxy)nucleoside-phosphate kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deoxynucleoside phosphate = ADP + deoxynucleoside diphosphate.
ATP:deoxynucleoside-phosphate phosphotransferase activity
deoxynucleoside-5'-monophosphate kinase activity
deoxynucleoside monophosphate kinase activity
deoxyribonucleoside monophosphokinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-citramalate = 2-methylmaleate + H2O.
(R)-2-methylmalate hydro-lyase (2-methylmaleate-forming)
(R)-dehydropantoate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-4-dehydropantoate + H2O + NAD+ = (R)-3,3-dimethylmalate + 2 H+ + NADH.
(R)-4-dehydropantoate:NAD+ 4-oxidoreductase activity
D-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-3-formylpropionate:diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN+) oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-citramalate = H2O + mesaconate.
(S)-2-methylmalate hydro-lyase (2-methylfumarate-forming)
(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + H+ + methylmalonate.
D-methylmalonyl-coenzyme A hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S,S)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD+ = acetoin + H+ + NADH.
(S,S)-butane-2,3-diol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
L(+)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (L-acetoin forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + methyl-2-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-beta-D-galactoside = L-fucose + methyl beta-D-galactoside.
2-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-beta-D-galactoside fucohydrolase activity
1,3-beta-D-glucan phosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) + phosphate = [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate; substrates include laminarin.
1,3-beta-D-glucan:orthophosphate glucosyltransferase activity
1,3-beta-D-glucan:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
laminarin phosphoryltransferase activity
1,3-beta-oligoglucan phosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [oligomeric (1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) + phosphate = [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
1,3-beta-D-oligoglucan:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
beta-1,3-oligoglucan:orthophosphate glucosyltransferase II activity
beta-1,3-oligoglucan phosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,3-diol + NAD+ = 3-hydroxypropanal + NADH + H+.
1,3-propanediol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
3-hydroxypropionaldehyde reductase activity
propane-1,3-diol:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-xylose + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan](n) = UDP + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan](n+1).
UDP-D-xylose:1,4-beta-D-xylan 4-beta-D-xylosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoxylose-1,4-beta-xylan xylosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-methyladenosine + H2O = 1-methyladenine + ribofuranose.
1-methyladenosine ribohydrolase activity
quinate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-quinate + pyrroloquinoline-quinone = (-)-3-dehydroquinate + pyrroloquinoline-quinol.
NAD(P)-independent quinate dehydrogenase activity
quinate:pyrroloquinoline-quinone 5-oxidoreductase activity
quinate:quinone 3-oxidoreductase activity
11-cis-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 11-cis-retinyl palmitate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + H+ + palmitate.
11-cis-retinol palmitate esterase activity
11-cis-retinyl-palmitate acylhydrolase activity
3alpha,7alpha,12beta-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha,7alpha,12beta-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + NADP+ = 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADPH.
12beta-hydroxysteroid:NADP+ 12-oxidoreductase activity
12beta-hydroxy steroid (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase activity
12beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
12-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z)-(15S)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprostanoate + NAD(P)+ -> (5Z)-(15S)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprosta-13-enoate + NAD(P)H + H+.
(5Z)-(15S)-11alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprostanoate:NAD(P)+ delta13-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 16-alpha-hydroxysteroid = 16-beta-hydroxysteroid.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-hydroxydihydrodaidzein + NADP+ = 2'-hydroxydaidzein + NADPH + H+.
2'-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrodaidzein:NADP+ 2'-oxidoreductase activity
2'-hydroxydihydrodaidzein:NADP(+) 2'-oxidoreductase activity
2'-hydroxydihydrodaidzein:NADP+ 2'-oxidoreductase activity
NADPH:2'-hydroxydaidzein oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: vestitone + NADP+ = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADPH + H+.
2',7-dihydroxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyisoflavone reductase activity
NADPH:2'-hydroxyisoflavone oxidoreductase activity
2,3-dihydroxybenzoate-serine ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + L-serine = products of ATP breakdown + N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-L-serine.
2,3-dihydroxybenzoate:L-serine ligase activity
2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine synthetase activity
N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-serine synthetase activity
2,3-dihydroxyindole 2,3-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxyindole + O2 = anthranilate + CO2 + H+.
2,3-dihydroxyindole:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate = propanoate + pyruvate.
(2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate pyruvate-lyase (propanoate-forming)
(2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate pyruvate-lyase activity
2,3-dimethylmalate pyruvate-lyase activity
2,4-diaminopentanoate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-diaminopentanoate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = 2-amino-4-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.
2,4-diaminopentanoate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
2,4-diaminopentanoic acid C4 dehydrogenase activity
obsolete 2,5-diaminovalerate transaminase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + ornithine = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopiperazine + H2O = glycylglycine.
2,5-dioxopiperazine amidohydrolase activity
2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NADP+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.
2,5-dioxopentanoate:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
2-oxoglutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetolactate = 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-butyne-1,4-diol + NAD+ = 4-hydroxy-2-butynal + H+ + NADH.
2-butyne-1,4-diol:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2-aminoadipate = 2-oxoadipate + L-glutamate.
2-aminoadipate aminotransferase activity
alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase activity
glutamate-alpha-ketoadipate transaminase activity
glutamic-ketoadipic transaminase activity
L-2-aminoadipate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminohexanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-oxohexanoate + L-glutamate.
2-aminohexanoate aminotransferase activity
L-2-aminohexanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
leucine L-norleucine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
norleucine (leucine) aminotransferase activity
2-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate + H2O = 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol + phosphate.
2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphatase activity
2-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphate 1-phosphohydrolase activity
2-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucoside = 2-deoxy-D-glucose + an alcohol.
2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucoside deoxyglucohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: butanoate + NAD+ = 2-butenoate + NADH + H+.
butanoate:NAD+ delta2-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-furoate + ATP + CoA = 2-furoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-furoyl-CoA + A + H2O = 5-hydroxy-2-furoyl-CoA + AH(2) + H+.
2-furoyl-CoA:(acceptor) 5-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
2-furoyl-CoA:acceptor 5-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
2-furoyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity
2-furoyl coenzyme A hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + palmitaldehyde = trans-hexadec-2-enal + H+ + NADPH.
hexadecanal:NADP+ delta2-oxidoreductase activity
hexadecanal: NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
2-hydroxybiphenyl 3-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2-ol + H+ + NADH + O2 = biphenyl-2,3-diol + H2O + NAD+.
2-hydroxybiphenyl,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate:(acceptor) 2-oxidoreductase
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase
alpha-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (NAD+ specific)
alpha-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity
alpha-hydroxyglutarate oxidoreductase activity
L-alpha-hydroxyglutarate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
L-alpha-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity
2-hydroxypyridine 5-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxypyridine + AH(2) + O2 = 2,5-dihydroxypyridine + A + H2O.
2-hydroxypyridine,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3S)-2-methylcitrate = cis-2-methylaconitate + H2O.
(2S,3S)-2-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate hydro-lyase [(Z)-but-2-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate-forming]
2-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate hydro-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyleneglutarate = 2-methylene-3-methylsuccinate.
2-methyleneglutarate carboxy-methylenemethylmutase activity
alpha-methyleneglutarate mutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-nitrophenol + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH + O2 = catechol + H2O + 2 NADP+ + nitrite.
2-nitrophenol,NADPH:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating, nitrite-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyadipate + NAD+ = 2-oxoadipate + H+ + NADH.
2-hydroxyadipate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxoaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = a 2-oxo acid + NADH + H+.
2-oxoaldehyde:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
NAD-dependent alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
NAD-linked alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxoaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = a 2-oxo acid + NADPH + H+.
2-oxoaldehyde:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
NADP-dependent alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
NADP-linked alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
2-ketoglutarate ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-succinylating)
2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
2-oxoglutarate ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
alpha-ketoglutarate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate lactonase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-2H-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate + H2O = 4-carboxy-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienedioate + H+.
2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate lactonohydrolase activity
3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3',5'-cyclic GMP + H2O = GMP + H+.
3',5'-cyclic-GMP 5'-nucleotidohydrolase activity
3',5' cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity
cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity
cyclic 3',5'-GMP phosphodiesterase activity
cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity
cyclic guanosine 3',5'-phosphate phosphodiesterase activity
guanosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate phosphodiesterase activity
3,4-dihydroxyphthalate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate + H+ = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO2.
3,4-dihydroxyphthalate 2-decarboxylase activity
3,4-dihydroxyphthalate carboxy-lyase (3,4-dihydroxybenzoate-forming)
3,4-dihydroxyphthalate carboxy-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-aci-nitropropanoate + H2O + O2 = 3-oxopropanoate + H2O2 + nitrite.
3-aci-nitropropanoate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine = 3-cyano-L-alanine + H2O + H+.
L-asparagine hydro-lyase (3-cyanoalanine-forming)
3-dehydro-L-gulonate 2-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + NAD(P)+ = (4R,5S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2,3-dioxohexanoate + NAD(P)H + H+.
2,3-diketo-L-gulonate reductase activity
3-dehydro-L-gulonate:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
3-keto-L-gulonate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + sphinganine = 3-dehydrosphinganine + H+ + NADPH.
3-oxosphinganine:NADPH oxidoreductase activity
D-3-dehydrosphinganine reductase activity
D-3-oxosphinganine:B-NADPH oxidoreductase activity
D-erythro-dihydrosphingosine:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + O2 = 6-imino-5-oxocyclohexa-1,3-dienecarboxylate + H2O2.
3-hydroxyanthranilate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = glycine + glyoxylate.
erythro-3-hydroxy-L(s)-aspartate glyoxylate-lyase activity
erythro-3-hydroxy-Ls-aspartate glyoxylate-lyase (glycine-forming)
erythro-3-hydroxy-Ls-aspartate glyoxylate-lyase activity
erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartate aldolase activity
erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartate glycine-lyase activity
3-hydroxybenzoate 2-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + AH(2) + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + A + H2O.
3-hydroxybenzoate,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating)
3-hydroxybenzoate 2-hydroxylase activity
3-hydroxycyclohexanone dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxycyclohexanone + A = AH(2) + cyclohexane-1,3-dione.
3-hydroxycyclohexanone:acceptor 1-oxidoreductase activity
3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropanoate + NAD+ = 3-oxopropanoate + H+ + NADH.
3-hydroxypropanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrophenyl-3-ketovalidamine = 4-nitroaniline + 5-D-(5/6)-5-C-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6-dihydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one + H+.
3-ketovalidoxylamine A C-N-lyase activity
4-nitrophenyl-3-ketovalidamine 4-nitroaniline-lyase [5-D-(5/6)-5-C-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6-dihydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one-forming]
4-nitrophenyl-3-ketovalidamine 4-nitroaniline-lyase activity
p-nitrophenyl-3-ketovalidamine p-nitroaniline lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyloxindole + NADP+ = 3-methyleneoxindole + H+ + NADPH.
3-methyl-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
3-methyloxindole:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
3-oxo-5-beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-5-beta-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-D4-steroid + reduced acceptor.
3-oxo-5beta-steroid:(acceptor) delta4-oxidoreductase activity
3-oxo-5beta-steroid:acceptor delta4-oxidoreductase activity
3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase activity
delta4-3-ketosteroid 5-beta-reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + 3-oxoadipate = succinate + 3-oxoadipyl-CoA.
3-oxoadipate coenzyme A-transferase activity
3-oxoadipate succinyl-CoA transferase activity
beta-ketoadipate:succinyl-CoA transferase activity
succinyl-CoA:3-oxoadipate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone + H2O = 3-oxoadipate.
3-oxoadipic enol-lactone hydrolase activity
4-carboxymethylbut-3-en-4-olide enol-lactonohydrolase activity
beta-ketoadipate enol-lactone hydrolase activity
beta-ketoadipic enol-lactone hydrolase activity
carboxymethylbutenolide lactonase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxosteroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-D1-steroid + reduced acceptor.
3-ketosteroid-1-en-dehydrogenase activity
3-ketosteroid-delta1-dehydrogenase activity
3-oxosteroid:(2,6-dichlorphenolindophenol) delta1-oxidoreductase activity
3-oxosteroid:(acceptor) delta1-oxidoreductase activity
3-oxosteroid:acceptor delta1-oxidoreductase activity
3-oxosteroid delta1-dehydrogenase activity
4-en-3-oxosteroid:(acceptor)-1-en-oxido-reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + H2O = D-glycerate + phosphate.
D-3-phosphoglycerate phosphatase activity
D-glycerate-3-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
4-acetamidobutyrate deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-acetamidobutanoate + H2O = acetate + 4-aminobutanoate.
4-acetamidobutanoate amidohydrolase activity
4-acetamidobutyryl-CoA deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-acetamidobutanoyl-CoA + H2O = 4-aminobutanoyl-CoA + acetate.
4-acetamidobutanoyl-CoA amidohydrolase activity
4-carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furoate + H+ = 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate + CO2.
4-carboxymonolactone carboxy-lyase activity
4-carboxymuconolactone carboxy-lyase (4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate-forming)
4-carboxymuconolactone carboxy-lyase activity
gamma-4-carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzoate + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + chloride + H+.
4-chlorobenzoate chlorohydrolase activity
4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + succinate semialdehyde.
4-hydroxybutanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
gamma-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity
4-hydroxyglutamate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-L-glutamate + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamate.
4-hydroxyglutamate aminotransferase activity
4-hydroxy-L-glutamate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + CO2 + H2O2.
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase activity
L-4-hydroxymandelate oxidase (decarboxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline = cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline.
4-methyleneglutamate-ammonia ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylene-L-glutamate + ATP + NH4 = 4-methylene-L-glutamine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.
4-methyleneglutamine synthetase activity
4-methylene-L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylene-L-glutamine + H2O = 4-methylene-L-glutamate + NH4.
4-methyleneglutamine amidohydrolase activity
4-methylene-L-glutamine amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methoxy-2,4-dioxobutanoate + H2O = H+ + methanol + oxaloacetate.
oxaloacetate-4-methyl-ester oxaloacetohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-4-oxobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate = (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + H2O.
2-hydroxy-4-oxobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate 2,3-hydro-lyase [(E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate-forming]
2-hydroxy-4-oxobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate 2,3-hydro-lyase activity
4-carboxy-2-oxobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate 2,3-hydro-lyase activity
4-carboxy-2-oxohexenedioate hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-pyridoxolactone + H2O = 4-pyridoxate + H+.
4-pyridoxolactone lactonohydrolase activity
5'-acylphosphoadenosine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-acylphosphoadenosine + H2O = AMP + a carboxylate.
5'-acylphosphoadenosine acylhydrolase activity
5-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-ergosta-7,22-diene-3beta,5-diol = ergosterol + H2O.
5alpha-ergosta-7,22-diene-3beta,5-diol 5,6-hydro-lyase (ergosterol-forming)
5alpha-ergosta-7,22-diene-3beta,5-diol 5,6-hydro-lyase activity
5alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminopentanamide + H2O = 5-aminopentanoate + NH3.
5-aminopentanamide amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 5-aminopentanoate = 5-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate.
5-aminopentanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
5-aminovalerate aminotransferase activity
delta-aminovalerate aminotransferase activity
delta-aminovalerate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate = ADP + 6-phospho-5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate.
5-keto-2-deoxyglucono kinase (phosphorylating)
ATP:5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphotransferase activity
5-hydroxypentanoate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxypentanoate + acetyl-CoA = 5-hydroxy-pentanoyl-CoA + acetate.
5-hydroxyvalerate CoA-transferase activity
5-hydroxyvalerate coenzyme A transferase activity
acetyl-CoA:5-hydroxypentanoate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-pyridoxate + NADPH + O2 = 2-(acetamidomethylene)-3-(hydroxymethyl)succinate) + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-acetyl-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose + acetate + H+.
6-acetyl-D-glucose acetylhydrolase activity
6-beta-hydroxyhyoscyamine epoxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-6-hydroxyhyoscyamine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = CO2 + H2O + H+ + scopolamine + succinate.
(6S)-6-hydroxyhyoscyamine,2-oxoglutarate oxidoreductase (epoxide-forming)
6beta-hydroxyhyoscyamine epoxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate + oxidized ferredoxin = 6-hydroxynicotinate + reduced ferredoxin.
1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
6-oxotetrahydronicotinate dehydrogenase activity
6-oxotetrahydro-nicotinate dehydrogenase activity
6-methylsalicylate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-methylsalicylate + H+ = 3-cresol + CO2.
6-methylsalicylate carboxy-lyase (3-cresol-forming)
6-methylsalicylate carboxy-lyase activity
6-methylsalicylic acid (2,6-cresotic acid) decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxocineole + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 1,6,6-trimethyl-2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-one + H2O + NADP+.
6-oxocineole,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + NADP+ = cholesta-5,7-dien-3-beta-ol + NADPH + H+.
cholesterol:NADP+ delta7-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: coformycin + NADP+ = 8-oxocoformycin + 2 H+ + NADPH.
8-ketodeoxycoformycin reductase activity
coformycin:NADP+ 8-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-abequose + D-mannosyl-L-rhamnosyl-D-galactose-1-diphospholipid = CDP + D-abequosyl-D-mannosyl-rhamnosyl-D-galactose-1-diphospholipid.
CDP-abequose:D-mannosyl-L-rhamnosyl-D-galactose-1-diphospholipid D-abequosyltransferase activity
trihexose diphospholipid abequosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetate + diphosphate = acetyl phosphate + phosphate.
diphosphate:acetate phosphotransferase activity
pyrophosphate-acetate phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + H+ = acetone + CO2.
acetoacetate carboxy-lyase (acetone-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H+.
acetoacetyl coenzyme A deacylase activity
acetoacetyl coenzyme A hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-acetoin = (R)-acetoin.
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate = (R)-2-acetoin + CO2.
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate carboxy-lyase [(R)-2-acetoin-forming]
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate carboxy-lyase activity
alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxynitrile = cyanide + an aldehyde or ketone.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylindoxyl + O2 = N-acetylisatin + unknown.
N-acetylindoxyl:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylputrescine + H2O = acetate + putrescine.
N-acetylputrescine acetylhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetylsalicylate + H2O = acetate + H+ + salicylate.
acetylsalicylate O-acetylhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = acetate + spermidine.
8-N-acetylspermidine amidohydrolase activity
N(1)-acetylspermidine amidohydrolase activity
N(8)-acetylspermidine amidohydrolase activity
N(8)-acetylspermidine deacetylase activity
N(8)-monoacetylspermidine deacetylase activity
N1-acetylspermidine amidohydrolase activity
N8-acetylspermidine amidohydrolase activity
N8-acetylspermidine deacetylase activity
N8-monoacetylspermidine deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a carboxylate + CoA + GTP = acyl-CoA + GDP + H+ + phosphate.
acyl-CoA synthetase (GDP-forming) activity
acyl coenzyme A synthetase (guanosine diphosphate forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-aconitate + H+ = CO2 + itaconate.
cis-aconitate carboxy-lyase (itaconate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-aconitate = cis-aconitate.
aconitate delta2-delta3-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: actinomycin + H2O = actinomycinic monolactone.
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.
acyl-CoA:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
dehydrogenase, acyl coenzyme A (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + a carboxylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-benzoylagmatine + H2O = agmatine + benzoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: O-acylcarnitine + H2O = a fatty acid + L-carnitine.
high activity acylcarnitine hydrolase activity
long-chain acyl-L-carnitine hydrolase activity
palmitoyl-L-carnitine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acylglycerol = ADP + acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.
ATP:acylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase activity
monoacylglycerol kinase (phosphorylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate.
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = D-ribose + adenine.
Catalysis of the reaction: an adenosine-phosphate + H20 = an inosine phosphate + NH3. Catalyzes the deamination of AMP, ADP or ATP.
adenosine (phosphate) deaminase activity
adenosine-phosphate aminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate + H2O = ATP + phosphate.
adenosine-tetraphosphate phosphohydrolase activity
adenosylmethionine cyclotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + homoserine lactone.
adenosyl methionine cyclotransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine alkyltransferase (cyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + L-homoserine + H+.
methylmethionine-sulfonium-salt hydrolase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine hydrolase activity
S-adenosylmethionine cleaving enzyme activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-adenylyl sulfate + H2O = AMP + 2 H+ + sulfate.
adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + thymidine = AMP + thymidine 5'-phosphate.
adenosine diphosphate-thymidine phosphotransferase activity
ADP:thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = IDP + NH3.
adenosine diphosphate deaminase activity
adenosinepyrophosphate deaminase activity
ADP-phosphoglycerate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-ADP-2-phosphoglycerate + H2O = 3-ADP-glycerate + phosphate.
3-(ADP)-2-phosphoglycerate phosphohydrolase activity
adenosine diphosphate phosphoglycerate phosphatase activity
ADPphosphoglycerate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-ribose + H2O = AMP + D-ribose 5-phosphate.
adenosine diphosphoribose pyrophosphatase activity
ADP-ribose ribophosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + H2O = N-carbamoylputrescine + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + ATP = N(4)-phosphoagmatine + ADP + 3 H+.
ATP:agmatine 4-N-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:agmatine N4-phosphotransferase activity
agmatine N4-coumaroyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaroyl-CoA + agmatine = N-(4-guanidiniumylbutyl)-4-hydroxycinnamamide + CoA + H+.
4-coumaroyl-CoA:agmatine 4-N-coumaroyltransferase activity
4-coumaroyl-CoA:agmatine N4-coumaroyltransferase activity
p-coumaroyl-CoA-agmatine N-p-coumaroyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + a 2-oxo acid = pyruvate + an L-amino acid.
alanine-keto acid aminotransferase activity
alanine-oxo acid aminotransferase activity
alanine-oxo-acid aminotransferase activity
alanine--oxo-acid aminotransferase activity
L-alanine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase activity
L-alanine-alpha-keto acid aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2'-iminodipropanoate + H2O + NAD+ = L-alanine + H+ + NADH + pyruvate.
2,2'-iminodipropanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-alanine-forming)
alanopine[meso-N-(1-carboxyethyl)-alanine]dehydrogenase activity
meso-N-(1-carboxyethyl)-alanine:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
alanylphosphatidylglycerol synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanyl-tRNA + phosphatidylglycerol = tRNA + 3-O-L-alanyl-1-O-phosphatidylglycerol.
alanyl phosphatidylglycerol synthetase activity
L-alanyl-tRNA:phosphatidylglycerol alanyltransferase activity
O-alanylphosphatidylglycerol synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: albendazole + H+ + NADPH + O2 = albendazole S-oxide + H2O + NADP+.
albendazole,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (sulfoxide-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: a primary alcohol + O2 = an aldehyde + H2O2.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-aldose + NAD+ = D-aldonolactone + NADH.
aldose-6-phosphate reductase (NADPH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucitol 6-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glucose 6-phosphate + H+ + NADPH.
alditol 6-phosphate:NADP 1-oxidoreductase activity
D-aldose-6-phosphate:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
NADP-dependent aldose 6-phosphate reductase activity
NADP-dependent D-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
aldose beta-D-fructosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-aldosyl1 beta-D-fructoside + D-aldose2 = D-aldose1 + alpha-D-aldosyl2 beta-D-fructoside.
aldose b-D-fructosyltransferase activity
alpha-D-aldosyl-beta-D-fructoside:aldose 1-beta-D-fructosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-D-mannuronate + alginate(n) = GDP + alginate(n+1).
GDP-D-mannuronate:alginate D-mannuronyltransferase activity
alizarin 2-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alizarin + UDP-D-glucose = 1-hydroxy-2-(beta-D-glucosyloxy)-9,10-anthraquinone + H+ + UDP.
alizarin 2-b-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone 2-O-beta-D-glucosyl-transferase activity
UDP-glucose:1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone 2-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-alizarin glucosyltransferase activity
alkan-1-ol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: primary alcohol + acceptor = aldehyde + reduced acceptor.
alkan-1-ol:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
alkan-1-ol:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
polyethylene glycol dehydrogenase activity
alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: R-CHO + reduced FMN + O2 = R-COOH + FMN + H2O + light.
alkanal,reduced-FMN:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating, luminescing)
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + phosphate.
1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-P:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase activity
alkylacetylglycerophosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylhexanamide + H2O = hexanoate + methylammonium.
N-methylhexanamide amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + ATP = 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
1-alkylglycerol kinase (phosphorylating)
alkylglycerol phosphotransferase activity
ATP:1-alkyl-sn-glycerol phosphotransferase activity
ATP:1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphotransferase activity
ATP-alkylglycerol phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O-alkylglycerone + ATP = O-alkylglycerone phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
alkyldihydroxyacetone kinase (phosphorylating)
ATP:O-alkylglycerone phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: bromochloromethane + H2O = bromide + chloride + formaldehyde + 2 H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: allantoate + H2O + H+ = CO2 + NH3 + ureidoglycine.
allantoate amidinohydrolase (decarboxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-(+)-allantoin = (R)-(-)-allantoin.
Catalysis of the reaction: an S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide = an alkyl sulfenate + 2-aminoacrylate.
S-alkylcysteine sulfoxide lyase activity
S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide alkyl-sulfenate-lyase (2-aminoacrylate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: allyl alcohol + NADP+ = acrolein + H+ + NADPH.
allyl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + phosphate = D-glucose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
alpha,alpha-trehalose:phosphate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,3)]n = UDP + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,3)]n+1.
UDPglucose:alpha-D-(1->3)-glucan 3-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:alpha-D-(1->3)-glucan 3-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-1,3-alpha-glucan glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-amino acid ester + H2O = an alpha-amino acid + an alcohol.
alpha-amino-acid-ester aminoacylhydrolase activity
alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase activity
alpha-amino-acid ester hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydrosantonin + NAD(P)+ = alpha-santonin + NAD(P)H + H+.
1,2-dihydrosantonin:NAD(P)+ 1,2-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-amidino-L-aspartate + H2O = L-aspartate + urea.
amidinoaspartic amidinohydrolase activity
N-amidino-L-aspartate amidinohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an L-amino acid = a D-amino acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4(or 2)-aminobenzoate = aniline + CO2.
aminobenzoate carboxy-lyase (aniline-forming)
aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + kanamycin B = N(6')-acetylkanamycin B + CoA + H+. This is acetylation of the 6'-amino group of the 6-deoxy-6-aminoglucose ring.
6'-aminoglycoside-N-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:kanamycin-B N6'-acetyltransferase activity
aminoglycoside-6'-acetyltransferase activity
aminoglycoside-6-N-acetyltransferase activity
aminoglycoside N6'-acetyltransferase activity
kanamycin 6'-N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction:4-aminoimidazole + H20 = imidazol-4-one + NH3.
4-aminoimidazole aminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminolevulinate + pyruvate = 4,5-dioxopentanoate + L-alanine.
4,5-dioxovalerate aminotransferase activity
4,5-dioxovaleric acid aminotransferase activity
4,5-dioxovaleric acid transaminase activity
5-aminolevulinate:pyruvate aminotransferase activity
5-aminolevulinic acid transaminase activity
alanine:4,5-dioxovalerate aminotransferase activity
alanine-dioxovalerate aminotransferase activity
alanine-gamma,delta-dioxovalerate aminotransferase activity
aminolevulinate aminotransferase activity
aminolevulinic acid transaminase activity
gamma,delta-dioxovalerate aminotransferase activity
gamma,delta-dioxovaleric acid transaminase activity
L-alanine:4,5-dioxovaleric acid transaminase activity
L-alanine:dioxovalerate transaminase activity
L-alanine-4,5-dioxovalerate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NH4 = ADP + 3 H+ + phosphoramidate.
phosphoramidate-adenosine diphosphate phosphotransferase activity
phosphoramidate-ADP-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + thymidine = adenosine + thymidine 5'-phosphate.
adenylate-nucleoside phosphotransferase activity
adenylic acid:deoxythymidine 5'-phosphotransferase activity
AMP:deoxythymidine 5'-phosphotransferase activity
AMP:thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-amygdalin + H2O = (R)-prunasin + D-glucose.
amygdalin beta-D-glucohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = D-fructose + 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).
sucrose:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
sucrose-1,4-alpha-glucan glucosyltransferase activity
sucrose-glucan glucosyltransferase activity
anhydrotetracycline monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: anhydrotetracycline + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 12-dehydrotetracycline + H2O + NADP+.
anhydrotetracycline,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating)
anthranilate adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + ATP = N-adenylylanthranilate + diphosphate + H+.
anthranilic acid adenylyltransferase activity
ATP:anthranilate adenylyltransferase activity
ATP:anthranilate N-adenylyltransferase activity
anthranilate N-benzoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + benzoyl-CoA = N-benzoylanthranilate + CoA.
anthranilate N-malonyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + malonyl-CoA = N-malonylanthranilate + CoA.
malonyl-CoA:anthranilate N-malonyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-apiitol + NAD+ = D-apiose + H+ + NADH.
D-apiitol:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate + H2O.
D-arabinonate hydro-lyase (2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + ATP + CoA = AMP + arachidonoyl-CoA + diphosphate + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8R,9E,11Z,14Z)-8-hydroperoxyicosa-5,9,11,14-tetraenoate.
arachidonate:oxygen 8-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + O2 = 4-guanidinobutanamide + CO2 + H2O.
arginine oxygenase (decarboxylating) activity
L-arginine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine = D-arginine.
Catalysis of the reaction: anilide + H2O = a carboxylate + aniline + H+.
brain acetylcholinesterase (is associated with AAA-2)
pseudocholinesterase (associated with arylacylamidase)
aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic alcohol + NADP+ = an aromatic aldehyde + NADPH.
aryl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
aryl alcohol dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
NADPH-linked benzaldehyde reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic primary alcohol + O2 = an aromatic aldehyde + H2O2.
aryl-alcohol:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic aldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O = an aromatic acid + NADPH + ATP.
aryl-aldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase (ATP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + an arylamine = UDP + an N-D-glucosylarylamine.
UDPglucose:arylamine N-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:arylamine N-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP glucose-arylamine glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-arylamine glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + an amine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + a sulfamate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:amine N-sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aryl sulfate + a phenol = a phenol + an aryl sulfate.
arylsulfate:phenol sulfotransferase activity
arylsulfate-phenol sulfotransferase activity
obsolete ascorbate 2,3-dioxygenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate + H2O + O2 = L-threonate + 2 H+ + oxalate.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = L-alanine + CO2.
L-aspartate 4-carboxy-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
L-cysteine sulfinate acid desulfinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = D-aspartate.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine + H+ + hydroxylamine = beta-L-aspartylhydroxamate + NH4.
L-asparagine:hydroxylamine gamma-aspartyltransferase activity
aspulvinone dimethylallyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: aspulvinone E + 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = aspulvinone H + 2 diphosphate.
dimethylallyl-diphosphate:aspulvinone-E dimethylallyltransferase activity
dimethylallyl pyrophosphate:aspulvinone dimethylallyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ITP + NH3.
adenosine triphosphate deaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = AMP + H+ + diphosphate.
adenosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity
ATP diphosphohydrolase (diphosphate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: barbiturate + H2O = malonate + urea.
barbiturate amidohydrolase (3-oxo-3-ureidopropanoate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: benzoin = 2 benzaldehyde.
2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone benzaldehyde-lyase 2-hydroxy-1,2- activity
2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone benzaldehyde-lyase 2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone benzaldehyde-lyase (benzaldehyde-forming)
2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone benzaldehyde-lyase 2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone benzaldehyde-lyase activity
diphenylethanone benzaldehyde-lyase activity
beta-adrenergic receptor kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + beta-adrenergic receptor = ADP + phospho-beta-adrenergic receptor.
ATP:beta-adrenergic-receptor phosphotransferase activity
beta-adrenergic-receptor kinase (phosphorylating) activity
beta-adrenergic-receptor kinase activity
beta-adrenergic receptor-specific kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-beta-alanopine + H2O + NAD+ = beta-alanine + H+ + NADH + pyruvate.
N-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-beta-alanine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (beta-alanine-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-alanyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + NH3.
beta-alanyl-CoA ammonia-lyase (acryloyl-CoA-forming)
beta-alanyl coenzyme A ammonia-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + nonane-4,6-dione = butanoate + H+ + pentan-2-one.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + cellobiose = ADP + 6-phospho-beta-D-glucosyl-(1,4)-D-glucose.
ATP:cellobiose 6-phosphotransferase activity
beta-D-glucoside kinase (phosphorylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a beta-L-arabinoside = L-arabinose + an alcohol.
beta-L-arabinoside arabinohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3,6-diaminohexanoate = (3S,5S)-3,5-diaminohexanoate.
(3S)-3,6-diaminohexanoate 5,6-aminomutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-nitropropanoate + NADP+ = 3-nitroacrylate + H+ + NADPH.
3-nitropropanoate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + taurolithocholate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + taurolithocholate sulfate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:glycolithocholate sulfotransferase activity
bile salt:3'phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate:sulfotransferase activity
glycolithocholate sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 bilirubin + O2 = 2 biliverdin + 2 H2O.
bilirubin:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrobiochanin A + NADP+ = biochanin A + H+ + NADPH.
dihydrobiochanin-A:NADP+ delta2-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + biotinyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: biotin amide + H2O = biotin + NH3.
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate esterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate + H2O = 2-ethylhexan-1-ol + 2-ethylhexyl phthalate + H+.
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate acylhydrolase activity
bis(5'-adenosyl)-triphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(3)-bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate + H2O = ADP + AMP + 2 H+.
1-P,3-P-bis(5'-adenosyl)-triphosphate adenylohydrolase activity
diadenosine 5,5-P1,P3-triphosphatase activity
diadenosine 5',5'''-P(1),P(3)-triphosphate hydrolase activity
diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P3-triphosphate hydrolase activity
P1,P3-bis(5'-adenosyl)-triphosphate adenylohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: blasticidin S + H2O = deaminohydroxyblasticidin S + NH3.
Cypridina-luciferin 2-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: Cypridina luciferin + O2 = oxidized Cypridina luciferin + CO2 + light.
Cypridina-luciferin:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: galactitol + NAD+ = D-tagatose + H+ + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + 2 H2O = 3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + 2 carboxylates.
1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol acylhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + hypotaurocyamine = N(omega)-phosphohypotaurocyamine + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:hypotaurocyamine N-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1H-imidazole + acetyl-CoA = N-acetylimidazole + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:imidazole N-acetyltransferase activity
imidazoleacetate 4-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + imidazol-4-ylacetate + NADH + O2 = 5-hydroxyimidazole-4-acetate + H2O + NAD+.
4-imidazoleacetate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: indan-1-ol + NAD(P)+ = indanone + NAD(P)H + H+.
indan-1-ol:NAD(P)+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: indole + O2 = 2-formamidobenzaldehyde.
indole:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
indole-oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde oxime = (indol-3-yl)acetonitrile + H2O.
(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde-oxime hydro-lyase [(indol-3-yl)acetonitrile-forming]
(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde-oxime hydro-lyase activity
3-indoleacetaldoxime hydro-lyase activity
indole-3-acetaldehyde-oxime hydro-lyase activity
indole-3-acetaldoxime hydro-lyase activity
indoleacetate-lysine synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetate + L-lysine + ATP = N(6)-[(indole-3-yl)acetyl]-L-lysine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
(indol-3-yl)acetate:L-lysine ligase (ADP-forming)
indoleacetate:L-lysine ligase (ADP-forming)
N-(indole-3-acetyl)-L-lysine synthetase activity
indolelactate dehydrogenase (NADH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(indol-3-yl)lactate + NAD+ = 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + H+ + NADH.
(indol-3-yl)lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
indolelactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + IMP = D-ribose 5-phosphate + hypoxanthine.
5'-inosinate phosphoribohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: inosine + H2O = D-ribose + hypoxanthine.
Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 2,1-beta-D-fructosyl(n) = glucose + 2,1-beta-D-fructosyl(n+1).
sucrose:2,1-beta-D-fructan 1-beta-D-fructosyltransferase activity
sucrose 1-fructosyl transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ferrocytochrome c + Fe3+ = ferricytochrome c + Fe2+.
ferrocytochrome-c:Fe3+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: isobutyryl-CoA = butanoyl-CoA.
2-methylpropanoyl-CoA CoA-carbonylmutase activity
butyryl-CoA:isobutyryl-CoA mutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine + NAD+ = 3-dehydrocarnitine + H+ + NADH.
carnitine:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine + H+ = 2-methylcholine + CO2.
carnitine carboxy-lyase (2-methylcholine-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-histidine + beta-alanine = AMP + diphosphate + carnosine.
carnosine-homocarnosine synthetase activity
homocarnosine-carnosine synthetase activity
L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: 4 catechol + 3 O2 = 2 dibenzo[1,4]dioxin-2,3-dione + 6 H2O.
catechol:oxygen oxidoreductase (dimerizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose = CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose.
CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose 2-epimerase activity
cytidine diphosphate paratose-2-epimerase activity
cytidine diphosphoabequose epimerase activity
cytidine diphosphodideoxyglucose epimerase activity
cytidine diphosphoparatose epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-D-glucose = CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O.
CDP-glucose 4,6-hydro-lyase (CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose-forming)
cytidine diphosphoglucose oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-glycerol + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CMP + 2 H+.
CDPglycerol phosphoglycerohydrolase activity
CDP-glycerol phosphoglycerohydrolase activity
cytidine diphosphoglycerol pyrophosphatase activity
cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose + acceptor = cellobiono-1,5-lactone + reduced acceptor.
cellobiose:(acceptor) 1-oxidoreductase activity
cellobiose:acceptor 1-oxidoreductase activity
cellobiose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase activity
cellobiose dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
cellobiose-quinone oxidoreductase activity
phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiose oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose = D-glucosyl-D-mannose.
Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose.
cellobiose:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cephalosporin C + H2O = acetate + deacetylcephalosporin C + H+.
cephalosporin C acetyl-esterase activity
cephalosporin C acetyl-hydrolase activity
cephalosporin-C acetylhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (7R)-7-(5-carboxylato-5-oxopentanamido)deacetylcephalosporanate + D-glutamate = 2-oxoglutarate + cephalosporin C.
cephalosporin-C:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
cephalosporin C aminotransferase activity
L-alanine:cephalosporin-C aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl cetraxate + H2O = benzyl alcohol + cetraxate + H+.
cetraxate-benzyl-ester benzylhydrolase activity
chenodeoxycholoyltaurine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: chenodeoxycholoyltaurine + H2O = chenodeoxycholate + taurine.
chenodeoxycholoyltaurine amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: chlordecone alcohol + NADP+ = chlordecone + H+ + NADPH.
chlordecone-alcohol:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
chloridazon-catechol dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one + O2 = 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2-hydroxymuconoyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one + 2 H+.
5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: chlorogenate + H2O = (-)-quinate + cis-caffeate + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyll + H2O = phytol + chlorophyllide.
chlorophyll chlorophyllidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: (1) ATP + cholate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + choloyl-CoA and (2) ATP + (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA.
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming) activity
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanate-CoA ligase activity
3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate-CoA ligase activity
3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate--CoA ligase activity
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate-CoA ligase activity
3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanoate-CoA ligase activity
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate-CoA synthetase activity
3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanoate-CoA synthetase activity
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl coenzyme A synthetase activity
3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanoyl coenzyme A synthetase activity
trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA synthetase activity
cholestanetetraol 26-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha,26-tetraol + NAD+ = 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestan-26-al + NADH.
5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,26-tetraol:NAD+ 26-oxidoreductase activity
5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,26-tetrol dehydrogenase activity
cholestanetetrol 26-dehydrogenase activity
cholestanetriol 26-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-triol + NADPH + O2 = 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha,26-tetraol + NADP+ + H2O.
5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (26-hydroxylating)
5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol 26-hydroxylase activity
5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-triol 26-hydroxylase activity
5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol hydroxylase activity
5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-triol hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3-beta-ol = 5-alpha-cholest-8-en-3-beta-ol.
delta7-cholestenol delta7-delta8-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-cholestan-3-one + NADP+ = cholest-4-en-3-one + H+ + NADPH.
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid:NADP+ delta4-oxidoreductase activity
4-ene-3-oxosteroid 5alpha-reductase activity
cholest-4-en-3-one 5alpha-reductase activity
delta4-3-ketosteroid 5alpha-oxidoreductase activity
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:Delta4-3-ketosteroid 5alpha-oxidoreductase activity
testosterone delta4-5alpha-reductase activity
testosterone delta4-hydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: choline sulfate + H2O = choline + H+ + sulfate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + choline = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + choline sulfate + H+.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:choline sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-threo-isocitrate = D-erythro-isocitrate.
(1R,2S)-1-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate 1-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:chondroitin 4'-sulfotransferase activity
chondroitin 4-sulphotransferase activity
chondroitin-glucuronate 5-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: chondroitin D-glucuronate = dermatan L-iduronate.
chondroitin-D-glucuronate 5-epimerase activity
chondroitin D-glucuronosyl 5-epimerase activity
ATP:2-methylpropanoate phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoate + ATP = 2-methylpropanoyl phosphate + ADP + H+.
ATP:2-methylpropanoate 1-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:branched-chain-fatty-acid 1-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:isobutyrate 1-phosphotransferase activity
branched-chain fatty acid kinase activity
branched-chain-fatty-acid kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: butanal + CoA + NAD(P)+ = butanoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+.
butanal:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA.
fatty acid thiokinase (medium chain) activity
fatty acyl coenzyme A synthetase activity
L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyryl CoA ligase activity
medium chain acyl-CoA synthetase activity
short-chain acyl-CoA synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + butanoate = ADP + butanoyl phosphate + H+.
ATP:butanoate 1-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-caffeate + O2 = 3-(2-carboxyethenyl)-cis,cis-muconate + 2 H+.
3,4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate:oxygen 3,4-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3,4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamate.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3,4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate 3-O-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + caldesmon = ADP + caldesmon phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: caldesmon phosphate + H2O = caldesmon + phosphate.
caldesmon-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
smooth muscle caldesmon phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O-carbamoyl-L-serine + H2O + H+ = CO2 + 2 NH4 + pyruvate.
O-carbamoyl-L-serine ammonia-lyase (decarboxylating; pyruvate-forming)
O-carbamoyl-L-serine ammonia-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cyclase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate.
3-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate lyase (decyclizing)
3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate = L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2.
carboxycyclohexadienyl dehydratase activity
L-arogenate hydro-lyase (decarboxylating; L-phenylalanine-forming)
L-arogenate hydro-lyase (decarboxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + acceptor + H2O = a carboxylate + reduced acceptor.
aldehyde:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
aldehyde:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-5-carboxymethylhydantoin + H2O = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H+.
L-5-carboxymethylhydantoin amidohydrolase activity
carboxymethyloxysuccinate lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: carboxymethoxysuccinate = fumarate + glycolate.
carboxymethyloxysuccinate glycolate-lyase (fumarate-forming)
carboxymethyloxysuccinate glycolate-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-carnitinamide + H2O = (R)-carnitine + NH4.
cis-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = cis-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH.
acyl-CoA:NADP+ cis-2-oxidoreductase activity
cis-2-enoyl-coenzyme A reductase activity
NADPH-dependent cis-enoyl-CoA reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + citramalate = acetate + (3S)-citramalyl-CoA.
acetyl-CoA:citramalate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-citramalate = acetate + pyruvate.
(3S)-citramalate pyruvate-lyase (acetate-forming)
(3S)-citramalate pyruvate-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + pyruvate.
(3S)-citramalyl-CoA pyruvate-lyase (acetyl-CoA-forming)
(3S)-citramalyl-CoA pyruvate-lyase activity
[citrate-(pro-3S)-lyase] thiolesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [citrate (pro-3S)-lyase](acetyl form) + H2O = [citrate (pro-3S)-lyase](thiol form) + acetate.
[citrate-(pro-3S)-lyase] thioesterase activity
citrate-(pro-3S)-lyase(acetyl-form) hydrolase activity
citrate-(pro-3S)-lyase thioesterase activity
citrate (pro-3S)-lyase thiolesterase activity
citrate-(pro-3S)-lyase thiolesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + citrate + CoA = (3S)-citryl-CoA + ADP + H+ + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O.
citrate hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming)
citrate hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + citrulline = NH3 + CO2 + L-ornithine.
L-citrulline 5-N-carbamoyldihydrolase activity
L-citrulline N5-carbamoyldihydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + coniferin = D-glucose + coniferol.
coniferin-hydrolyzing beta-glucosidase activity
corticosterone 18-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: corticosterone + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = 18-hydroxycorticosterone + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O.
corticosterone,reduced-adrenal-ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (18-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cortisol = CoA + cortisol 21-acetate.
acetyl-CoA:cortisol O-acetyltransferase activity
corticosteroid-21-O-acetyltransferase activity
corticosteroid acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + cortisol = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + cortisol 21-sulfate + H+.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:cortisol 21-sulfotransferase activity
glucocorticoid sulfotransferase activity
glucocorticosteroid sulfotransferase activity
obsolete cortisone alpha-reductase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5alpha-dihydrocortisone + NADP+ = cortisone + H+ + NADPH.
delta4-3-oxosteroid 5beta-reductase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: (1) 5beta-cholestan-3-one + NADP+ = cholest-4-en-3-one + NADPH + H+ and (2) 17,21-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione + NADP+ = cortisone + NADPH + H+.
3-oxo-5beta-steroid:NADP+ delta4-oxidoreductase activity
3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid 5-beta-reductase activity
3-oxo-delta4-steroid 5beta-reductase activity
4,5beta-dihydrocortisone:NADP+ delta4-oxidoreductase activity
5beta-cholestan-3-one:NADP+ 4,5-oxidoreductase activity
androstenedione 5beta-reductase activity
androstenedione 5-beta-reductase activity
cortisone delta(4)-5-beta-reductase activity
cortisone delta4-5beta-reductase activity
delta(4)-3-ketosteroid 5-beta-reductase activity
delta4-3-ketosteroid 5beta-reductase activity
delta4-3-oxosteroid 5-beta-reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NAD+ = trans-2-coumarate + H+ + NADH.
3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: creatinine + H2O = creatine.
Catalysis of the reaction: creatinine + H2O = N-methylhydantoin + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin + NAD(P)+ = cucurbitacin + NAD(P)H + H+.
23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin:NAD(P)+ delta23-oxidoreductase activity
cucurbitacin delta(23) reductase activity
NAD(P)H: cucurbitacin B delta23-oxidoreductase activity
cyanohydrin beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile = UDP + (S)-4-hydroxy-mandelonitrile beta-D-glucoside.
cyanohydrin b-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-D-glucose:(S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:(S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:p-hydroxymandelonitrile-O-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-p-hydroxymandelonitrile glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose:aldehyde cyanohydrin beta-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-cyanohydrin glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-p-hydroxymandelonitrile glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cycloeucalenol = obtusifoliol.
cycloeucalenol lyase (cyclopropane-decyclizing)
cycloeucalenol-obtusifoliol isomerase activity
cycloeucalenol--obtusifoliol isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NAD+ = L-tyrosine + NADH + CO2.
L-arogenate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase activity
L-arogenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
L-arogenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
cyclohexane-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = 2-hydroxycyclohexan-1-one + NADH.
trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
cyclohexane-1,3-dione hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexane-1,3-dione + H2O = 5-oxohexanoate + H+.
cyclohexane-1,3-dione acylhydrolase (decyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: A + cyclohexanone = AH(2) + cyclohex-2-enone.
cyclohexanone:(acceptor) 2-oxidoreductase activity
cyclohexanone:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + cyclomaltodextrin = linear maltodextrin.
cyclomaltodextrin dextrin-hydrolase (decyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopentanone + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 5-valerolactone + H2O + NADP+.
cyclopentanone,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxylating, lactonizing)
cyclopentanone 1,2-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cysteamine + O2 = H+ + hypotaurine.
2-aminoethanethiol:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
cysteamine:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + 2-oxoglutarate = mercaptopyruvate + L-glutamate.
L-cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
cysteine-conjugate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + S-(4-bromophenyl)-L-cysteine = (4-bromophenylsulfanyl)pyruvate + L-glutamate.
cysteine-conjugate alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase (CAT-1)
cysteine conjugate aminotransferase activity
S-(4-bromophenyl)-L-cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + sulfite = L-cysteate + sulfide.
L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (adding sulfite; L-cysteate-forming)
L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (adding sulfite)
cysteine-S-conjugate beta-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: RS-CH2-CH(NH3+)COO- = RSH + NH3 + pyruvate.
glutamine transaminase K/cysteine conjugate beta-lyase activity
L-cysteine-S-conjugate thiol-lyase (deaminating; pyruvate-forming)
L-cysteine-S-conjugate thiol-lyase (deaminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP = 3',5'-cyclic CMP + diphosphate + H+.
CTP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3',5'-cyclic-CMP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2 + ferricytochrome c3 = 4 H+ + ferrocytochrome c3.
H(2):ferricytochrome c3 oxidoreductase activity
H2:ferricytochrome c3 oxidoreductase activity
hydrogen:ferricytochrome-c3 oxidoreductase activity
cytokinin 7-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-alkylaminopurine + UDP-D-glucose = 6-alkylamino-7-beta-D-glucosylpurine + H+ + UDP. This reaction is an N-glucosylation event.
cytokinin 7-b-glucosyltransferase activity
cytokinin 7-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:zeatin 7-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:zeatin 7-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-zeatin 7-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-zeatin 7-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-tartrate = H2O + oxaloacetate.
(S,S)-tartrate hydro-lyase (oxaloacetate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + A = AH(2) + pyruvate.
D-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + D-glutamate.
D-alanine-D-glutamate transaminase activity
D-alanine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-alanine + L-glutamine = gamma-L-glutamyl-D-alanine + NH4.
D-alanine g-glutamyltransferase activity
L-glutamine:D-alanine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
D-amino-acid N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a D-amino acid = CoA + an N-acetyl-D-amino-acid.
acetyl-CoA:D-amino-acid N-acetyltransferase activity
D-amino acid-alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NAD+ = D-xylulose + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + ATP = D-arabinose 5-phosphate + ADP.
ATP:D-arabinose 5-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O = D-arabinonate + H+.
D-arabinono-1,4-lactone lactonohydrolase activity
D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NAD+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADH.
D-arabinose:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arginine + H2O = D-ornithine + urea.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-fuconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-fuconate + H2O.
D-fuconate hydro-lyase (2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-fuconate-forming)
D-glutamate(D-aspartate) oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + H2O + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2, and D-aspartate + H2O + O2 = oxaloacetate + NH3 + H2O2.
D-glutamate(D-aspartate):oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
D-monoaminodicarboxylic acid oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate = 5-oxo-D-proline + H2O.
D-glutamate hydro-lyase (cyclizing; 5-oxo-D-proline-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + H2O + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2.
D-glutamate:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 = H2O + NADP+ + taurine.
Catalysis of the reaction: L(or D)-glutamine + D-glutamyl-peptide = NH3 + 5-glutamyl-D-glutamyl-peptide.
D-gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity
glutamine:D-glutamyl-peptide 5-glutamyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-iditol + NAD+ = D-sorbose + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-O-sulfolactate + H2O = (R)-lactate + H+ + sulfate.
(S)-2-O-sulfolactate 2-sulfohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysine = 2,5-diaminohexanoate.
adenosylcobalamin-dependent D-lysine 5,6-aminomutase activity
D-2,6-diaminohexanoate 5,6-aminomutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysopine + H2O + NADP+ = L-lysine + H+ + NADPH + pyruvate.
2-N-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)
N2-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: D-lyxose = D-xylulose.
D-lyxose aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O = L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH.
2-N-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-arginine-forming)
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-arginine-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: N2-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + NAD+ + H2O = L-arginine + pyruvate + NADH.
2-N-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-arginine-forming)
N2-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-arginine-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ornithine = (2R,4S)-2,4-diaminopentanoate.
D-alpha-ornithine 5,4-aminomutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5D-5-O-methyl-chiro-inositol + NADP+ = 2D-5-O-methyl-2,3,5/4,6-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + H+ + NADPH.
1D-3-O-methyl-chiro-inositol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
5D-5-O-methyl-chiro-inositol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
D-sorbitol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-sorbitol + acceptor = L-sorbose + reduced acceptor.
D-sorbitol:(acceptor) 1-oxidoreductase activity
D-sorbitol:acceptor 1-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a D-threo-aldose + NAD+ = a D-threo-aldono-1,5-lactone + NADH.
D-threo-aldose:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
L-fucose (D-arabinose) dehydrogenase activity
D-tryptophan N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-tryptophan + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-tryptophan + CoA + H+.
acetyl-CoA:D-tryptophan N-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA-D-tryptophan-alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity
D-tryptophan N-malonyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-tryptophan + malonyl-CoA = N(2)-malonyl-D-tryptophan + CoA + H+.
malonyl-CoA:D-tryptophan N-malonyltransferase activity
D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose + NADP+ = D-xylono-1,5-lactone + H+ + NADPH.
D-xylose:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
D-xylose (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose + NAD+ = D-xylonolactone + NADH.
(NAD)-linked D-xylose dehydrogenase activity
NAD-linked D-xylose dehydrogenase activity
dATP(dGTP)-DNA purinetransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dATP + depurinated DNA = ribose triphosphate + DNA.
dATP(dGTP):depurinated-DNA purine transferase activity
dATP(dGTP)--DNA purine transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dCTP + H2O = dCMP + H+ + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + ATP = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:2-dehydro-D-gluconate 6-phosphotransferase activity
dehydro-L-gulonate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + H+ = L-xylulose + CO2.
3-dehydro-L-gulonate carboxy-lyase (L-xylulose-forming)
3-dehydro-L-gulonate carboxy-lyase activity
3-keto-L-gulonate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + A = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + AH(2).
2-dehydro-D-gluconate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase activity
2-keto-D-gluconate dehydrogenase activity
alpha-ketogluconate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxycytidine + H2O = deoxyuridine + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxylimonoate + H2O = deoxylimononate D-ring-lactone + H+.
deoxylimonate A-ring-lactonohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a deoxynucleoside 3'-phosphate + H2O = a deoxynucleoside + phosphate.
deoxyribonucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxyuridine + phosphate = uracil + deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
2'-deoxyuridine:phosphate 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase activity
deoxyuridine:phosphate deoxy-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase activity
deoxyuridine:phosphate deoxy-D-ribosyltransferase activity
dephospho-[reductase kinase] kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dephospho-[[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase] = ADP + [[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase].
AMP-activated protein kinase kinase activity
ATP:dephospho-{hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)kinase} phosphotransferase activity
dephospho-reductase kinase kinase activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase kinase (phosphorylating) activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = D-fructose + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).
sucrose:1,6-alpha-D-glucan 6-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
sucrose-1,6-alpha-glucan glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + H2O + NADP+ = L-2-amino-6-oxopimelate + H+ + NADPH + NH4.
meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase activity
meso-diaminopimelate D-dehydrogenase activity
meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an omega-dicarboxylic acid + CoASH= AMP + diphosphate + an omega-carboxyacyl-CoA.
omega-dicarboxylate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: transferrin[Fe2+]2 + NAD+ = transferrin[Fe3+]2 + NADH.
NADH diferric transferrin reductase activity
transferrin[Fe(II)]2:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1'-dianhydride = inulobiose.
bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1'-dianhydride fructohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-diguanidinobutane + H2O = agmatine + urea.
1,4-diguanidinobutane amidinohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrobunolol + NADP+ = bunolol + H+ + NADPH.
(+-)-5-[(tert-butylamino)-2'-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydrocoumarin + H2O = 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H+.
dihydrocoumarin lactonohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + O2 = H2O2 + uracil.
5,6-dihydrouracil:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
dihydroxyfumarate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroxyfumarate + H+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + CO2.
dihydroxyfumarate carboxy-lyase (tartronate-semialdehyde-forming)
dihydroxyfumarate carboxy-lyase activity
obsolete dihydroxyphenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine = trans-caffeate + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD+ = 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H+ + NADH.
3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine = 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + L-glutamate.
3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
diiodotyrosine aminotransferase activity
halogenated tyrosine aminotransferase activity
halogenated tyrosine transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: diisopropyl fluorophosphate + H2O = diisopropyl phosphate + 2 H+ + hydrogen fluoride.
diisopropyl-fluorophosphate fluorohydrolase activity
diisopropylfluorophosphonate dehalogenase activity
diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate hydrolase activity
organophosphorus acid anhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + neryl diphosphate.
dimethylallyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate dimethylallylcistransferase activity
dimethylaniline-N-oxide aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide = N-methylaniline + formaldehyde.
N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide formaldehyde-lyase (N-methylaniline-forming)
N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide formaldehyde-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylglycine + electron-transfer flavoprotein + H2O = sarcosine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein.
N,N-dimethylglycine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (demethylating)
N,N-dimethylglycine:acceptor oxidoreductase (demethylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylglycine + H2O + O2 = formaldehyde + H2O2 + sarcosine.
N,N-dimethylglycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3,3-dimethylmalate + NAD+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CO2 + NADH.
(R)-3,3-dimethylmalate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
beta,beta-dimethylmalate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate = dimethylmaleate + H2O.
(2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate hydro-lyase (dimethylmaleate-forming)
(2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate hydro-lyase activity
dimethylpropiothetin dethiomethylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin = acrylate + dimethyl sulfide + H+.
S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin dimethyl-sulfide-lyase (acrylate-forming)
S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin dimethyl-sulfide-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-dimethylallyladenine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + discadenine + H+.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:6-N-(Delta2-isopentenyl)-adenine 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-transferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N6-(Delta2-isopentenyl)-adenine 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-transferas
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2),6-disulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H+ + sulfate.
6,N-disulfoglucosamine 6-O-sulfohydrolase activity
disulphoglucosamine-6-sulphatase activity
N,6-O-disulfo-D-glucosamine 6-sulfohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + dolichol = CoA + dolichyl palmitate.
acyl-CoA:dolichol acyltransferase activity
palmitoyl-CoA:dolichol O-palmitoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl phosphate + H2O = dolichol + phosphate.
dolichyl monophosphate phosphatase activity
dolichyl-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
dolichyl pyrophosphate phosphatase activity
polyisoprenyl phosphate phosphatase activity
polyprenylphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphate + H2O = dolichyl phosphate + phosphate.
dolichyl diphosphate phosphohydrolase activity
dolichyl-diphosphate phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: Ecdysone + O2 = 3-dehydroecdysone + H2O2.
ecdysone:oxygen 3-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oligoglycosylglucosylceramide = ceramide + oligoglycosylglucose.
glycosyl-N-acetyl-sphingosine 1,1-beta-D-glucanohydrolase activity
oligoglycosylglucosylceramide glycohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (1R,2S)-ephedrine + NAD+ = (R)-2-methylimino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol + 2 H+ + NADH.
(-)-ephedrine:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + erythritol = D-erythritol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:erythritol 4-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6 malonyl-CoA + propionyl-CoA = 7 CoA + 6-deoxyerythronolide B.
erythronolide condensing enzyme activity
malonyl-CoA:propionyl-CoA malonyltransferase (cyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: D-threitol + NADP+ = D-erythrulose + H+ + NADPH.
erythritol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
estradiol 17-alpha-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: estradiol-17-alpha + NAD(P)+ = estrone + NAD(P)H + H+.
17alpha-estradiol dehydrogenase activity
17alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)+ 17-oxidoreductase activity
17alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity
17alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity
17alpha-hydroxy steroid oxidoreductase activity
estradiol 17alpha-dehydrogenase activity
estradiol 17alpha-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + estradiol-17beta + O2 = 6beta-hydroxyestradiol-17beta + A + H2O.
estradiol-17beta,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (6beta-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: ethanolamine + H2O + O2 = glycolaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2.
ethanolamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: FAD + H2O = AMP + FMN.
flavin adenine dinucleotide pyrophosphatase activity
flavine adenine dinucleotide pyrophosphatase activity
riboflavin adenine dinucleotide pyrophosphatase activity
riboflavine adenine dinucleotide pyrophosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesol = 2-cis,6-trans-farnesol.
2-trans,6-trans-farnesol 2-cis-trans-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesol + NADP+ = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesal + H+ + NADPH.
2-trans,6-trans-farnesol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
farnesol (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + ATP = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl triphosphate + ADP.
ATP:farnesyl-diphosphate phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O2 + H+ + palmitate = CO2 + 3 H2O + pentadecanal.
hexadecanoate:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
long chain fatty acid peroxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = nitrate + 2 reduced ferredoxin.
assimilatory ferredoxin-nitrate reductase activity
nitrite:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-flavan-4-ol + NADP+ = (2S)-flavanone + NADPH.
(2S)-flavan-4-ol:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase activity
flavone 7-O-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone = UDP + 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone.
flavone 7-O-b-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose-apigenin beta-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-apigenin beta-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose-luteolin beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-luteolin beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-apigenin 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-luteolin glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-apiose + 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone = UDP + 7-O-(beta-D-apiofuranosyl-1,2-beta-D-glucosyl)-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone.
UDP-apiose:5,4'-dihydroxyflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside 2''-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyltransferase activity
UDP-apiose:7-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-flavone apiosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoapiose-flavone apiosyltransferase activity
flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-D-glucoside.
UDPG:flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:flavonol 3-O-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:flavonol 3-O-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + quercetin 3-sulfate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:quercetin 3-sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 formaldehyde + H2O = methanol + formate.
formaldehyde:formaldehyde oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose 5-phosphate + formaldehyde = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + glycerone.
D-xylulose-5-phosphate:formaldehyde glycolaldehydetransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrofolate + ATP + formate = 10-formyldihydrofolate + ADP + H+ + phosphate.
dihydrofolate formyltransferase activity
formate:dihydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: formate + ferricytochrome b1 = CO2 + ferrocytochrome b1.
formate:cytochrome b1 oxidoreductase activity
formate:ferricytochrome-b1 oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: formate + NADP+ = CO2 + NADPH.
NADP-dependent formate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + formate = ADP + formyl phosphate + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + formate + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-aspartate + H2O = formate + L-aspartate.
formylaspartic formylase (formylase I, formylase II)
N-formyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase activity
fructose 5-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + NADPH.
5-ketofructose reductase (NADP(+)) activity
5-ketofructose reductase (NADP+) activity
D-(-)fructose:(NADP+) 5-oxidoreductase activity
D-fructose:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
fructose 5-(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose + A = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + AH(2).
D-fructose:(acceptor) 5-oxidoreductase activity
D-fructose:acceptor 5-oxidoreductase activity
fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate = acetyl phosphate + D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O.
D-fructose-6-phosphate D-erythrose-4-phosphate-lyase (adding phosphate; acetyl-phosphate-forming)
D-fructose-6-phosphate D-erythrose-4-phosphate-lyase (phosphate-acetylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (24R,24'R)-fucosterol epoxide = acetaldehyde + desmosterol.
(24R,24'R)-fucosterol-epoxide acetaldehyde-lyase (desmosterol-forming)
(24R,24'R)-fucosterol-epoxide acetaldehyde-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide = (Z)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide.
2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide cis-trans-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N5-acyl-L-ornithine ester + H2O = N5-acyl-L-ornithine + an alcohol.
5-N-acyl-L-ornithine-ester hydrolase activity
N5-acyl-L-ornithine-ester hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol = acylmono-beta-D-galactosyl-diacylglycerol + mono-beta-D-galactosylacylglycerol.
galactolipid:galactolipid acyltransferase activity
mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol:mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol acyltransferase activity
galactose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + NADP+ = D-galactonolactone + NADPH.
D-galactose:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
galacturan 1,4-alpha-galacturonidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide](n) + H2O = [(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide](n-1) + D-galacturonate.
galacturan alpha-1,4-galacturonidase activity
poly(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide) galacturonohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galacturonate + ATP = 1-phospho-alpha-D-galacturonate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:D-galacturonate 1-phosphotransferase activity
galacturonokinase (phosphorylating) D-galacturonic acid kinase activity
gallate 1-beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + UDP.
gallate 1-b-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:gallate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:gallate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:gallate glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:vanillate 1-O-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose-vanillate 1-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose-vanillate 1-glucosyltransferase activity
gamma-glutamylhistamine synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + L-glutamate + ATP = N(alpha)-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine + products of ATP breakdown.
gamma-glutaminylhistamine synthetase activity
ganglioside galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine = UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine.
UDPgalactose:N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine beta-1,3-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine beta-1,3-D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl) galactosyl-glucosyl-ceramide galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose-ceramide galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose-GM2 galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose-GM2 ganglioside galactosyltransferase activity
UDP galactose-LAC Tet-ceramide alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphate D-galactose:glycolipid galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-ceramide galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-GM2 galactosyltransferase activity
GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose 4-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-talose + NAD(P)H + H+.
GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose:NAD(P)+ 4-oxidoreductase activity
guanosine diphospho-6-deoxy-D-talose dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose + GDP + H+.
guanosine diphosphate D-glucose glucohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose = GDP-L-galactose.
GDP-D-mannose:GDP-L-galactose epimerase activity
guanosine 5'-diphosphate D-mannose:guanosine 5'-diphosphate L-galactose epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + H2O + 2 NAD+ = GDP-D-mannuronate + 3 H+ + 2 NADH.
GDP-D-mannose:NAD+ 6-oxidoreductase activity
guanosine diphospho-D-mannose dehydrogenase activity
guanosine diphosphomannose dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geissoschizine + NADP+ = 4,21-dehydrogeissoschizine + H+ + NADPH.
geissoschizine:NADP+ 4,21-oxidoreductase activity
aminoglycoside 2'-N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + gentamicin C(1a) = N(2')-acetylgentamicin C(1a) + CoA + H+. This is acetylation of the 2'-amino group of the 6-deoxy-6-aminoglucose ring.
acetyl-CoA:gentamicin-C1a N2'-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:gentamycin-C1a N2'-acetyltransferase activity
gentamicin 2'-N-acetyltransferase activity
gentamicin acetyltransferase II activity
gentamycin 2'-N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 3-maleylpyruvate + H+.
2,5-dihydroxybenzoate dioxygenase activity
gentisate:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + H+ = CO2 + hydroquinone.
2,5-dihydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase (hydroquinone-forming)
2,5-dihydroxybenzoate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + NADP+ = geranial + NADPH.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + geranoyl-CoA = 3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)pent-2-enedioyl-CoA + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
geranoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
geranoyl coenzyme A carboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (2S)-bornyl diphosphate.
(+)-bornyl-diphosphate lyase (decyclizing)
(+)-bornylpyrophosphate cyclase activity
bornyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin 44 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin 19 + succinate + CO2.
(gibberellin-44),2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
(gibberellin-44), 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
oxygenase, gibberellin A44 oxidase activity
gibberellin beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + gibberellin = UDP + gibberellin 2-O-beta-D-glucoside.
gibberellin b-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:gibberellin 2-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:gibberellin 2-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-gibberellate 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-gibberellate 7-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + H2O.
D-gluconate hydro-lyase (2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosaminate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NH3.
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate ammonia-lyase activity
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate hydro-lyase (deaminating) activity
acetylenemonocarboxylic acid hydrase activity
aminodeoxygluconate ammonia-lyase activity
aminodeoxygluconate dehydratase activity
D-glucosaminate ammonia-lyase (isomerizing; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-glucosamine = ADP + D-glucosamine phosphate.
ATP:2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:D-glucosamine phosphotransferase activity
glucosamine N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + CoA + H+.
acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine N-acetyltransferase activity
glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate + H+.
3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate 6-phosphotransferase activity
3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate:D-glucose-1-phosphate 6-phosphotransferase activity
glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthetase activity
glucose 1,6-diphosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + NAD+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADH.
D-glucose:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH.
D-glucose:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
NADP-dependent glucose dehydrogenase activity
NADP-linked aldohexose dehydrogenase activity
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-linked aldohexose dehydrogenase activity
glucose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose + NAD(P)+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NAD(P)H.
beta-D-glucose:NAD(P)+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
glucose-1-phosphate phosphodismutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 D-glucose 1-phosphate = D-glucose + D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate.
D-glucose-1-phosphate:D-glucose-1-phosphate 6-phosphotransferase activity
glucose 1-phosphate transphosphorylase activity
glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate = beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate.
D-glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase activity
glucose-6 phosphate 1-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulonate + NADP+ = D-glucuronate + H+ + NADPH.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronate + ATP = 1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:D-glucuronate 1-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + NADP+ = D-glucurono-3,6-lactone + H+ + NADPH.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + ethylamine = N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
L-glutamate:ethylamine ligase (ADP-forming)
N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine synthetase activity
N5-ethyl-L-glutamine synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + methylammonium = N(5)-methyl-L-glutamine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
gamma-glutamylmethylamide synthetase activity
L-glutamate:methylamine ligase (ADP-forming)
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP = alpha-L-glutamyl phosphate + ADP + H+.
L-glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + pyruvate = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-alanine.
glutamine-alpha-keto acid transamidase activity
glutamine-alpha-keto acid transaminase activity
glutamine-keto acid aminotransferase activity
glutamine-oxo acid aminotransferase activity
glutamine--oxo-acid transaminase activity
glutamine--pyruvate aminotransferase activity
glutamine-pyruvate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = CoA + N-acyl-L-glutamine.
acyl-CoA:L-glutamine N-acyltransferase activity
glutamine N-phenylacetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + L-glutamine = CoA + alpha-N-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine.
glutamine phenylacetyltransferase activity
phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase activity
phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + glutarate = ADP + glutaryl-CoA + H+ + phosphate.
glutarate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glutarate semialdehyde + NAD+ + H2O = glutarate + NADH.
glutarate-semialdehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
glutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + O2 = glutathione disulfide + H2O2.
glutathione:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-acylglutathione + H2O = a carboxylate + glutathione + H+.
citryl-glutathione thioesterhydrolase activity
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NAD(P)+ = glycerone phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.
alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD) activity
alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (NAD) activity
glycerol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) activity
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD) activity
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD+] activity
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity
glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD) activity
glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)) activity
glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (NAD) activity
hydroglycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity
L-alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase activity
L-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity
L-glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD(P) oxidoreductase activity
L-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase activity
NAD-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity
NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
NAD-dependent glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase activity
NADH-dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase activity
NAD-L-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
NAD-linked glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
glycerol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + NADP+ = glycerone + H+ + NADPH.
dihydroxyacetone (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
glycerol:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase (glycerone-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol 2-phosphate + H2O = glycerol + phosphate.
beta-glycerophosphate phosphatase activity
glycerol-2-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
glycerol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: A + glycerol = AH(2) + glycerone.
glycerol:(acceptor) 1-oxidoreductase activity
glycerol:acceptor 1-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + NADP+ = D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH.
4'-methoxyisoflavone 2'-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: formononetin + NADPH + O2 = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADP+ + H2O.
formononetin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2'-hydroxylating)
glycine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate.
glutamate-glyoxylate transaminase activity
glutamic-glyoxylic transaminase activity
glyoxylate-glutamate aminotransferase activity
glyoxylate-glutamic transaminase activity
L-glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase activity
glycine dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H2O + 2 ferricytochrome c = glyoxylate + NH3 + 2 ferrocytochrome c.
glycine:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H2O + NAD+ = glyoxylate + NH3 + NADH.
glycine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + N-acylglycine.
acyl-CoA:glycine N-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H+.
benzoyl-CoA:glycine N-acyltransferase activity
benzoyl-CoA:glycine N-benzoyltransferase activity
benzoyl CoA-amino acid N-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: choloyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + glycocholate.
amino acid N-choloyltransferase activity
bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase activity
choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase activity
cholyl-CoA:taurine N-acyltransferase activity
cholyl-CoA glycine-taurine N-acyltransferase activity
glycine--taurine N-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NAD+ = glyoxylate + NADH.
NADH-dependent glyoxylate reductase activity
glycoprotein O-fatty-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + mucus glycoprotein = CoA + O-palmitoylglycoprotein.
fatty-acyl-CoA:mucus-glycoprotein fatty-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-sulfate + H2O = D-glucose + H+ + sulfate.
glycyrrhizinate beta-glucuronidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycyrrhizate + H2O = 2-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-D-glucuronate + glycyrrhetinate.
glycyrrhizinate b-glucuronidase activity
glycyrrhizinate glucuronosylhydrolase activity
glyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + glyoxylate + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + oxalyl-CoA.
glyoxylate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (CoA-oxalylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + H2O + O2 = H2O2 + H+ + oxalate.
glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: guanidinoacetate + H2O = glycine + urea.
guanidinoacetate amidinohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-guanidinobutanoate + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + urea.
4-guanidinobutanoate amidinohydrolase activity
4-guanidinobutyrate amidinobutyrase activity
gamma-guanidinobutyrate amidinohydrolase activity
guanidinobutyrate ureahydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-guanidinopropanoate + H2O = beta-alanine + urea.
3-guanidinopropanoate amidinopropionase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + guanidinoacetate = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphoguanidinoacetate.
ATP:guanidinoacetate N-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine + H2O = xanthosine + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine + phosphate = guanine + D-ribose 1-phosphate.
guanosine:phosphate alpha-D-ribosyltransferase activity
guanosine:phosphate D-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-hamamelose + ATP = D-hamamelose 2'-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:D-hamamelose 2'-phosphotransferase activity
ATP/hamamelose 2'-phosphotransferase activity
hamamelosekinase (ATP: hamamelose 2'-phosphotransferase)
Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8x,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate + H2O = (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8x,11x,12S)-8,11,12-trihydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate.
(5Z,9E,14Z)-(8xi,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecanol + NAD+ = hexadecanal + NADH.
hexadecanol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hexose + O2 = aldono-1,5-lactone + H202.
D-hexose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzoylglycine + H2O = benzoate + glycine.
N-benzoylamino-acid amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine + acetyl-CoA = N(alpha)-acetyl-L-histidine + CoA + H+.
acetyl-CoA:L-histidine N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + H2O = sulfide + NH3 + 2-oxobutanoate.
L-homocysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating; 2-oxobutanoate-forming)
L-homocysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-alanine + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
beta-alanine specific hGSH synthetase activity
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + NAD+ = H+ + NADH.
hydrogen-sulfide S-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + S(2-) = CoA + thioacetate.
acetyl-CoA:hydrogen-sulfide S-acetyltransferase activity
hydrogen-sulfide acetyltransferase activity
hydrogen-sulphide S-acetyltransferase activity
hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = acetoacetate + (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate.
(S)-3-hydroxybutanoate:2-oxoglutarate oxidoreductase activity
hydroxybutyrate-dimer hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoyloxy]butanoate + H2O = 2 (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + H+.
(R)-3-((R)-3-hydroxybutanoyloxy)butanoate hydroxybutanoylhydrolase activity
D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate-dimer hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-L-glutamate + H+ = 4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate + CO2.
3-hydroxy-L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase (4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate-forming)
3-hydroxy-L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxylamine + O2 = H2O + H+ + nitrite.
hydroxylamine:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine + GTP = 5-phosphonooxy-L-lysine + GDP + 2 H+.
GTP:5-hydroxy-L-lysine O-phosphotransferase activity
guanosine triphosphate:5-hydroxy-L-lysine O-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymalonate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + oxomalonate.
hydroxymalonate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + CoA + H+.
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA hydrolase activity
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA hydrolase activity
beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A deacylase activity
beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A hydrolase activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A deacylase activity
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD+ = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADH.
4-hydroxyphenyllactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-hydroxyphytanate + O2 = 2-oxophytanate + H2O2.
L-2-hydroxyphytanate:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypyruvate + H+ = CO2 + glycolaldehyde.
hydroxypyruvate carboxy-lyase (glycolaldehyde-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-hyoscyamine + O2 = (6S)-6-hydroxyhyoscyamine + CO2 + succinate.
L-hyoscyamine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase ((6S)-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 hydroxylamine + 2 NAD+ = 2 H+ + hyponitrous acid + 2 NADH.
hydroxylamine:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
NADH:hyponitrite oxidoreductase activity
NADH2:hyponitrite oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: formononetin + NADPH + O2 = calycosin + NADP+ + H2O.
formononetin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3'-hydroxylating)
erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O + NAD+ = 4-phospho-D-erythronate + 2 H+ + NADH.
D-erythrose 4-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
erythrose 4-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC protein complex on its cell surface, including proteolysis and transport steps for the peptide antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein.
peptide antigen processing and presentation
antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface, including lipid extraction, degradation, and transport steps for the lipid antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The lipid antigen may originate from an endogenous or exogenous source of lipid. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.
lipid antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
antigen processing and presentation, endogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen of endogenous origin in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.
antigen presentation, endogenous lipid antigen
endogenous lipid antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
antigen processing and presentation, exogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen of exogenous origin in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.
exogenous lipid antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an insulin-like growth factor receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by neurotrophin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a hepatocyte growth factor receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The series of molecular signals initiated by ephrin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The series of molecular signals initiated by an angiopoietin binding to the Tie receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives.
inositol phospholipid-mediated signaling
phosphatidylinositol-mediated signalling
phosphatidylinositol-mediated signal transduction
A intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is transmitted within the cell via an inositol phosphate. Includes production of the inositol phosphate, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Inositol phosphates are a group of mono- to poly-phosphorylated inositols, and include inositol monophosphate (IP), inositol trisphosphate (IP3), inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6).
The series of molecular signals in which a cell uses an inositol-containing lipid to convert a signal into a response. Inositol lipids include the phosphoinositides (phosphatidylinositol and its phosphorylated derivatives), ceramides containing inositol, and inositol glycolipids.
inositol lipid-mediated signal transduction
The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands).
The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to decrease the ability of the receptor agonist to bind and activate the receptor.
regulation of melanin biosynthetic process
Any process that alters the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.
negative regulation of melanin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.
downregulation of melanin biosynthetic process
down regulation of melanin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of melanin biosynthetic process
inhibition of melanin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of melanin anabolism
negative regulation of melanin biosynthesis
negative regulation of melanin formation
negative regulation of melanin synthesis
positive regulation of melanin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.
activation of melanin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of melanin anabolism
positive regulation of melanin biosynthesis
positive regulation of melanin formation
positive regulation of melanin synthesis
stimulation of melanin biosynthetic process
upregulation of melanin biosynthetic process
up regulation of melanin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of melanin biosynthetic process
regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.
regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
negative regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.
downregulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
down regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
down-regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
downregulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
down regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
down-regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
inhibition of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
inhibition of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
negative regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
negative regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
negative regulation of pre-mRNA splicing
positive regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.
activation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
activation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
positive regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
positive regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
positive regulation of pre-mRNA splicing
stimulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
stimulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
upregulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
up regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
up-regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
upregulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
up regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
up-regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
Binding to an mRNA molecule at its 5' untranslated region.
Binding to a simple or complex galacturonan. Galacturonan is any glycan composed solely of galacturonic acid residues, a specific type of glycuronan, and a constituent of some pectins.
Binding to a monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H[CHOH]nC(=O)[CHOH]mH with three or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.
Binding to a disaccharide. Disaccharides are sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.
Binding to a trisaccharide. Trisaccharides are sugars composed of three monosaccharide units.
Binding to a galacturonate. Galacturonate is the anion of galacturonic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central complex region of the insect brain is thought to be crucial for control of locomotive behavior. Located in the middle of the two protocerebral hemispheres, it comprises four neuropilar regions, the fan-shaped body, the ellipsoid body, the protocerebral bridge and the paired noduli.
OBSOLETE. Binding to a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate.
Binding to a quinone, any member of a class of diketones derivable from aromatic compounds by conversion of two CH groups into CO groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds.
Binding to ubiquinone, a quinone derivative with a tail of isoprene units.
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = CO2 + UDP-alpha-D-xylose.
UDP-D-glucuronate carboxy-lyase (UDP-D-xylose-forming)
UDP-D-glucuronate carboxy-lyase activity
UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase activity
uridine-diphosphoglucuronate decarboxylase activity
The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity.
obsolete trans-pentaprenyltranstransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-pentaprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate + diphosphate.
The cell membranes and intracellular regions in a plant are connected through plasmodesmata, and plants may be described as having two major compartments: the living symplast and the non-living apoplast. The apoplast is external to the plasma membrane and includes cell walls, intercellular spaces and the lumen of dead structures such as xylem vessels. Water and solutes pass freely through it.
The behavior of individuals for the purpose of discriminating between the sexes, for the purpose of finding a suitable mating partner.
The process occurring in the embryo by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic eye are generated and organized.
The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The eye is the organ of sight.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R1 and R6 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R1 and R6 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R2 and R5 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R2 and R5 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R2 and R5 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R3 and R4 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R3 and R4 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneal lens in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corneal lens is a chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism away from the source of gravity.
negative taxis in response to gravitytaxis in response to gravitational stimulus
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards the source of gravity.
positive taxis in response to gravitytaxis in response to gravitational stimulus
male courtship behavior, veined wing extension
The process during courtship where the male insect extends his wings. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
male courtship behaviour, veined wing extension
male courtship behaviour, wing extension
The developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell.
Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.
Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.
regulation of developmental pigmentation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.
regulation of pigmentation during development
Establishment of a pattern of pigment in one sex that is not observed in the other sex.
Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.
negative regulation of compound eye pigmentation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.
positive regulation of compound eye pigmentation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.
negative regulation of cuticle pigmentation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.
positive regulation of cuticle pigmentation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.
regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.
negative regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.
downregulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
down regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
down-regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
inhibition of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
positive regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.
activation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
stimulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
upregulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
up regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
up-regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
Establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the chitin-containing cuticle of an organism. An example of this is the adult cuticle pigmentation process in Drosophila melanogaster.
negative regulation of developmental pigmentation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.
downregulation of developmental pigmentation
down regulation of developmental pigmentation
down-regulation of developmental pigmentation
positive regulation of developmental pigmentation
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.
activation of developmental pigmentation
stimulation of developmental pigmentation
upregulation of developmental pigmentation
up regulation of developmental pigmentation
up-regulation of developmental pigmentation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.
negative regulation of female pigmentation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.
positive regulation of female pigmentation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.
negative regulation of male pigmentation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.
positive regulation of male pigmentation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.
Establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.
Establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.
obsolete long-term maintenance of gene activation
OBSOLETE. Any mechanism, at the level of transcription or post-transcription, maintaining gene activation in the long-term.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the antennal joint over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The antennal joint is the joint between antennal segments.
anterior/posterior lineage restriction, imaginal disc
Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.
wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the wing.
calmodulin-activated 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic GMP + H2O = GMP + H+; this activity is activated by binding to calcium-bound calmodulin.
calcium/calmodulin-regulated cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity
calcium- and calmodulin-regulated 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity
calcium- and calmodulin-regulated cGMP phosphodiesterase activity
calcium- and calmodulin-regulated cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity
calcium- and calmodulin-regulated cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity
A form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by the formation of autophagosomes. Autophagic cell death is characterized by lack of chromatin condensation and massive vacuolization of the cytoplasm, with little or no uptake by phagocytic cells.
The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
establishment of body hair or bristle planar orientation
Orientation of hairs or sensory bristles that cover the body surface of an adult, such that they all point in a uniform direction along the plane of the epithelium from which they project.
establishment of body hair planar orientation
Orientation of body hairs, projections from the surface of an organism, such that the hairs all point in a uniform direction along the surface.
establishment of thoracic bristle planar orientation
Orientation along the body surface of bristles, sensory organs originating from a sensory organ precursor cell, such that they all point in a uniform direction.
establishment of body bristle planar orientation
4-amino-3-isothiazolidinone biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-amino-3-isothiazolinone, five-membered saturated heterocyclic ring structures containing a sulfur and a nitrogen in the 1-position and 2-positions respectively.
4-amino-3-isothiazolidinone biosynthesis
peptide cross-linking via 4-amino-3-isothiazolidinone
The formation of 4-amino-3-isothiazolinone cross-links by the formation of a sulfenylamide bond between cysteine or cysteine sulfenic acid, and the alpha-amido of the following residue.
peptide cross-linking via 2-amino-3-isothiazolidinone-L-serine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl serine cross-link through a process of forming first an intermediate cysteine sulfenic acid by peroxide oxidation, followed by condensation with the alpha-amido of the following serine residue and the release of water.
female germ-line stem cell asymmetric division
The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes.
male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division
The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the male gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the male gametes.
Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single gonial founder cell.
Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell.
Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single male gonial founder cell.
The meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce haploid spermatids.
Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst.
Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the female gonad.
Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the male gonad.
The four rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a 16-cell cyst of interconnected cells within a germarium. Within the cyst, one cell differentiates into an oocyte while the rest become nurse cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
germarium-derived cystoblast cell division
A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the fibroblast population.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.
upregulation of fibroblast proliferation
up regulation of fibroblast proliferation
up-regulation of fibroblast proliferation
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.
downregulation of fibroblast proliferation
down regulation of fibroblast proliferation
down-regulation of fibroblast proliferation
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ether stimulus.
OBSOLETE. The excessive phosphorylation of a protein, as a result of activation of kinases, deactivation of phosphatases, or both.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S100 beta protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
obsolete S100 alpha biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S100 alpha protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
Binding to tau protein. tau is a microtubule-associated protein, implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
The stage in mammalian oogenesis when the primordial germ cell is hardly distinguishable from other cortical cells of the ovary.
The stage in oogenesis when the oocyte has a nucleus slightly larger than those of the adjacent cells and is surrounded by a layer of loose squamous epithelial cells.
The stage in oogenesis when a single layer of cuboidal follicle cells surrounds the oocyte. The oocyte nucleus is large.
The stage in oogenesis when a double layer of distinct follicle cells surrounds the oocyte. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
The stage in oogenesis when many layers of follicle cells surround the oocyte. There is a yolk nucleus (Balbiani's Body) near the germinal vesicle.
The stage in oogenesis when antral spaces begin to form in the follicle cells. Mitochondria form centers for yolk concentration.
The stage in oogenesis when the antral spaces become distinct and the first polar body forms.
The stage in oogenesis when the antral spaces fuse to form a single antral space. The oocyte is suspended in the cumulus oophorous and the first polar body in the perivitelline space.
The stage in oogenesis when the antrum is swollen with follicular fluid. The ovum is ready to erupt from the ovary and is arrested at metaphase of the second meiotic division.
A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity
A process that modulates neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
A process that modulates long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.
positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
A process that increases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.
activation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
stimulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
upregulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
up regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
up-regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
negative regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
A process that decreases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.
downregulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
down regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
down-regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
inhibition of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
A process that modulates short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.
positive regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
A process that increases short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.
activation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
stimulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
upregulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
up regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
up-regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
negative regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
A process that decreases short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.
downregulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
down regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
down-regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
inhibition of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
A protein complex that acts as an activin receptor. Heterodimeric activin receptors, comprising one Type I activin receptor and one Type II receptor polypeptide, and heterotrimeric receptors have been observed.
A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta subunits, inhibin beta-A and inhibin beta-B (sometimes known as activin beta or activin/inhibin beta). There are three forms of activin complex, activin A, which is composed of 2 inhibin beta-A subunits, activin B, which is composed of 2 inhibin beta-B subunits, and activin AB, which is composed of an inhibin beta-A and an inhibin beta-B subunit.
A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta subunits (sometimes known as activin beta or activin/inhibin beta), inhibin beta-A and inhibin beta-B.
OBSOLETE. Binding to the peptide hormone follistatin.
Binding to activin, a dimer of inhibin-beta subunits.
A conserved protein complex that catalyzes methylation of histone H3. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Shg1p, Sdc1p, Swd1p, Swd2p, Swd3p, Spp1p, Bre2p, and the trithorax-related Set1p; in mammals it contains the catalytic subunit (SETD1A or SETD1B), WDR5, WDR82, RBBP5, ASH2L/ASH2, CXXC1/CFP1, HCFC1 and DPY30.
A protein complex involved in regulation of chromatin remodeling. In Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains Lid2, Ash2, Jmj3, Snt2, and Sdc1.
wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing.
wing disc dorsal-ventral pattern formation
wing disc dorsoventral pattern formation
OBSOLETE. Strengthening of a bond between peptides. Peptides are compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.
obsolete peptide antigen stabilization activity
OBSOLETE. Strengthening of a bond with a peptide antigen; a fragment of a foreign protein derived by proteolysis within the cell.
The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles.
The evagination of the Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane priming complex. An incoming coat component recognizes both GTPase and a membrane protein to form the priming complex.
formation of dictyosome membrane priming complex
formation of Golgi membrane priming complex
OBSOLETE. The matrix external to the plant plasma membrane, composed of the cell wall and middle lamella.
Golgi membrane coat protein complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of priming complexes to form a coat on a Golgi membrane. Priming complexes associate laterally and additional coat proteins are recruited from the cytosol to the forming coat. Cargo proteins diffuse into the budding site and become trapped by their interactions with the coat.
dictyosome membrane binding by cytosolic coat proteins
dictyosome membrane bud coat oligomerisation
Golgi vesicle bud deformation and release
The process in which cytosolic coat proteins fit together in a basketlike convex framework to form a coated deformed region on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. The deformed region forms into a complete vesicle and is released.
Golgi-derived vesicle bud deformation and release
vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi
The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus; mediated by the addition of specific coat proteins, including COPI and COPII proteins and clathrin, to the membrane during vesicle formation.
vesicle targeting, to, from or within dictyosome
The addition of specific coat proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles.
vesicle targeting, plasma membrane to endosome
The process in which vesicles formed at the plasma membrane are directed to specific destinations in endosome membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.
The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
clathrin coating of Golgi-derived vesicle
vesicle targeting, trans-Golgi to endosome
The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the trans-Golgi to the endosome.
The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from one Golgi cisterna to another.
The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
vesicle targeting, cis-Golgi to rough endoplasmic reticulum
The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the cis-Golgi to the rough ER.
cis-Golgi to rough endoplasmic reticulum targeting
vesicle targeting, cis-Golgi to rough ER
vesicle targeting, rough ER to cis-Golgi
The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cis-Golgi.
rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi targeting
vesicle targeting, rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi
The addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
regulation of vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or destination of vesicle-mediated transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus.
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi transport vesicle to the target lipid bilayer membrane.
dictyosome vesicle fusion to target membrane
Golgi-derived vesicle fusion to target membrane
The initial attachment of a Golgi transport vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the Golgi vesicle and the target membrane.
dictyosome vesicle docking to target membrane
Golgi vesicle docking with target membrane
The process in which Golgi vesicle coat proteins are depolymerized, and released for reuse.
dictyosome vesicle coat depolymerization
Golgi vesicle coat protein depolymerization
Golgi vesicle prefusion complex stabilization
The binding of specific proteins to the t-SNARE/v-SNARE/SNAP25 complex, by which the Golgi vesicle prefusion complex is stabilized.
dictyosome vesicle prefusion complex stabilisation
Golgi-derived vesicle prefusion complex stabilization
Golgi vesicle prefusion complex assembly
regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane.
positive regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane.
activation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
stimulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
upregulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
up regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
up-regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
negative regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane.
downregulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
down regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
down-regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
inhibition of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
The gel-like pectin matrix consists of the interlinked acidic and neutral pectin networks that are further cross-linked by calcium bridges. Pectins consist largely of long chains of mostly galacturonic acid units (typically 1,4 linkages and sometimes methyl esters). Three major pectic polysaccharides (homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I and rhamnogalacturonan II) are thought to occur in all primary cell walls.
inter-Golgi cisterna vesicle-mediated transport
The directed movement of substances from one Golgi cisterna to another, mediated by small transport vesicles.
An extracellular matrix part that consists of cross-linked glycoproteins.
Network composed of hemicelluloses; members of a class of plant cell wall polysaccharide that cannot be extracted from the wall by hot water or chelating agents, but can be extracted by aqueous alkali. Includes xylan, glucuronoxylan, arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan II, glucomannan, xyloglucan and galactomannan.
An extracellular matrix part that consists of lignin in the form of a three-dimensional polymeric network. Lignins are complex racemic aromatic heteropolymers derived from a variety of phenylpropane monomers coupled together by an assortment of carbon-carbon and ether linkages. Lignin is crucial for structural integrity of the cell wall and stiffness and strength of the stem. In addition, lignin waterproofs the cell wall, enabling transport of water and solutes through the vascular system, and plays a role in protecting plants against pathogens.
An extracellular matrix part that consists of fatty acid-derived polymers, including both aromatic and aliphatic components. The suberin network is found in specialized plant cell walls, where it is laid down between the primary wall and plasma membrane, forms protective and wound-healing layers, and provides a water-impermeable diffusion barrier.
Region of plant cell wall specialised to act as a seal to prevent back leakage of secreted material (analogous to tight junction between epithelial cells). Found particularly where root parenchymal cells secrete solutes into xylem vessels. The barrier is composed of suberin; a fatty substance, containing long chain fatty acids and fatty esters, also found in the cell walls of cork cells (phellem) in higher plants.
Transport of a vesicle from the plasma membrane to the endosome.
obsolete actin cortical patch distribution
OBSOLETE. Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of actin cortical patches. An actin cortical patch is a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in fungal cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gametophyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gametophyte is the gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle having alternation of generations. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Generation of the male gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a female gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a haploid sperm cell within the plant gametophyte.
male gametophyte sperm cell differentiation
The formation of plant spores derived from the products of meiosis. The spore gives rise to gametophytes.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
negative regulation of DNA recombination at telomere
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of genetic recombination within the telomere.
downregulation of telomeric recombination at telomere
down regulation of telomeric recombination at telomere
down-regulation of telomeric recombination at telomere
inhibition of telomeric recombination at telomere
negative regulation of telomeric recombination at telomere
suppression of telomeric recombination at telomere
A process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence. Sperm undergo an incompletely understood series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving, among other processes, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium.
The directed movement of epinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The regulated release of epinephrine by a cell. Epinephrine is a catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter, released by certain neurons and active in the central nervous system.
The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine and it acts as a hormone and as a neurotransmitter of most of the sympathetic nervous system.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + phytanoyl-CoA = 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA + CO2 + succinate.
phytanoyl-CoA, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating)
phytanoyl-CoA 2 oxoglutarate dioxygenase activity
phytanoyl-CoA alpha-hydroxylase activity
The movement of an eosinophil in response to an external stimulus.
The movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
The directed movement of a lymphocyte in response to an external stimulus.
high-affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
The process in which iron is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.
mitochondrial iron cation transmembrane transport
mitochondrial iron ion transmembrane transport
Assembly of the extracellular matrix fibers that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lauric acid, a fatty acid with the formula CH3(CH2)10COOH. Derived from vegetable sources.
Any process in which small nucleolar RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of snoRNA localization
Prevention of degradation of mRNA molecules. In the absence of compensating changes in other processes, the slowing of mRNA degradation can result in an overall increase in the population of active mRNA molecules.
Catalysis of the cleavage of a flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis.
Catalysis of the cleavage of a 3' flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the 3' ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 3-dehydro-alpha-D-glucose = NADPH + alpha-D-glucose.
regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.
regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.
activation of receptor mediated endocytosis
positive regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
stimulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
upregulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
up regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
up-regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.
downregulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
down regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
down-regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
inhibition of receptor mediated endocytosis
negative regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry
Determination of asymmetry from the dorsal to the ventral side; as, the dorsoventral axis.
determination of adaxial/abaxial asymmetry
determination of dorsal-ventral asymmetry
Determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the dorsal region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
The regionalization process that results in the determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the ventral region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.
The process that results in the assembly of clathrin triskelia into the ordered structure known as a clathrin cage.
A multimeric enzyme complex composed of variable numbers of catalytic alpha subunits, and noncatalytic beta subunits. The beta subunits are believed to have a regulatory function. The enzyme complex catalyzes the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), which is the major methyl group donor, participating in the methylation of proteins, DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and other small molecules.
methionine adenosyltransferase regulator activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of methionine adenosyltransferase.
mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 binding
Binding to mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from ATP to hydroxyl side chains on proteins in response to mitogen activation.
N-terminal peptidyl-arginine acetylation
The acetylation of the N-terminal arginine of proteins; catalyzed by an uncharacterized arginyl-peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase.
OBSOLETE. The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane, during a non-exocytotic process.
The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere.
vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the endoplasmic reticulum.
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi.
The process in which the anatomical structures of inflorescences are generated and organized. An inflorescence is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground and that can bear flowers.
The process in which the anatomical structures of determinate inflorescences are generated and organized. A determinate inflorescence is one that can only produce a predetermined number of floral meristems.
indeterminate inflorescence morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of determinate inflorescences are generated and organized. A determinate inflorescence is one that can produce an undefined number of floral meristems.
The creation of a single organelle from two or more organelles.
The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways.
nuclear membrane fusion involved in karyogamy
The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus during the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei.
nuclear membrane fusion during karyogamy
The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to IgE biosynthesis, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and IgE constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
class switch recombination to IgE isotypes
isotype switch recombination to IgE isotypes
The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of an IgA isotype, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and one of the IgA constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
isotype switch recombination to IgA isotypes
The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of an IgG isotype, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and one of the IgG constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
isotype switch recombination to IgG isotypes
The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to IgD biosynthesis, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and IgD constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
isotype switch recombination to IgD isotypes
regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.
regulation of class switching to IgE isotypes
regulation of class switch recombination to IgE isotypes
regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgE isotypes
negative regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.
downregulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
down regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
down-regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
inhibition of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
negative regulation of class switching to IgE isotypes
negative regulation of class switch recombination to IgE isotypes
negative regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgE isotypes
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.
activation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
positive regulation of class switching to IgE isotypes
positive regulation of class switch recombination to IgE isotypes
positive regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgE isotypes
stimulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
upregulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
up regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
up-regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.
regulation of class switching to IgA isotypes
regulation of class switch recombination to IgA isotypes
regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgA isotypes
negative regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.
downregulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
down regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
down-regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
inhibition of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
negative regulation of class switching to IgA isotypes
negative regulation of class switch recombination to IgA isotypes
negative regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgA isotypes
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.
activation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
positive regulation of class switching to IgA isotypes
positive regulation of class switch recombination to IgA isotypes
positive regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgA isotypes
stimulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
upregulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
up regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
up-regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.
regulation of class switching to IgD isotypes
regulation of class switch recombination to IgD isotypes
regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgD isotypes
negative regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.
downregulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
down regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
down-regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
inhibition of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
negative regulation of class switching to IgD isotypes
negative regulation of class switch recombination to IgD isotypes
negative regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgD isotypes
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.
activation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
positive regulation of class switching to IgD isotypes
positive regulation of class switch recombination to IgD isotypes
positive regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgD isotypes
stimulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
upregulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
up regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
up-regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.
regulation of class switching to IgG isotypes
regulation of class switch recombination to IgG isotypes
regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgG isotypes
negative regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.
downregulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
down regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
down-regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
inhibition of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
negative regulation of class switching to IgG isotypes
negative regulation of class switch recombination to IgG isotypes
negative regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgG isotypes
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.
activation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
positive regulation of class switching to IgG isotypes
positive regulation of class switch recombination to IgG isotypes
positive regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgG isotypes
stimulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
upregulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
up regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
up-regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
Binding to a protein or protein complex in the presence of calcium.
Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + 2 H2O + 6 oxidized ferredoxin = nitrite + 6 reduced ferredoxin + 7 H+.
ammonia:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
The partitioning of organelles between daughter cells at cell division.
The partitioning of endoplasmic reticulum between daughter cells at cell division.
OBSOLETE. The partitioning of nuclei between daughter cells at cell division.
Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria between and within cells.
intracellular distribution of mitochondria
Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria within the cell.
The partitioning of Golgi apparatus between daughter cells at cell division.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryo sac are generated and organized. The embryo sac develops from the megaspore in heterosporous plants.
The process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seed over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A seed is a propagating organ formed in the sexual reproductive cycle of gymnosperms and angiosperms, consisting of a protective coat enclosing an embryo and food reserves.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the seed are generated and organized.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the axial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the axial mesoderm are generated and organized.
The process that gives rise to the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an axial mesoderm cell.
The process in which a cell becomes committed to become an axial mesoderm cell.
axial mesodermal cell fate determination
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.
negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.
downregulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
down regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
down-regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
inhibition of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
positive regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.
activation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
stimulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
upregulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
up regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
up-regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
axial mesodermal cell fate specification
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.
negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.
downregulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
down regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
down-regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
inhibition of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
positive regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.
activation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
stimulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
upregulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
up regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
up-regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell.
regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.
negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.
downregulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
down regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
down-regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
inhibition of mesodermal cell fate determination
positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.
activation of mesodermal cell fate determination
stimulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
upregulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
up regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
up-regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.
activation of mesodermal cell fate specification
stimulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
upregulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
up regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
up-regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paraxial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the paraxial mesoderm are generated and organized.
The process that gives rise to the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
paraxial mesodermal cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a paraxial mesoderm cell.
paraxial mesodermal cell fate commitment
The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a paraxial mesoderm cell.
paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a paraxial mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.
positive regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.
activation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
stimulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
upregulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
up regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
up-regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.
downregulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
down regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
down-regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
inhibition of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a paraxial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.
positive regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.
activation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
stimulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
upregulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
up regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
up-regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.
downregulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
down regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
down-regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
inhibition of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
paraxial mesoderm structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
paraxial mesoderm structural organisation
Nucleus resulting from the fusion of the male gamete and two polar nuclei in the central cell of the embryo sac.
mucilage biosynthetic process involved in seed coat development
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur as part of seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development.
mucilage anabolism during seed coat development
mucilage biosynthetic process during seed coat development
mucilage formation during seed coat development
mucilage synthesis during seed coat development
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the root cap; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.
root epithelial mucilage biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the root epithelium; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the flower stem.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectin component of mucilage.
mucilage metabolic process involved in seed coat development
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur as part of seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development.
mucilage metabolic process during seed coat development
mucilage metabolism during seed coat development
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the root cap; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.
root epithelial mucilage metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the root epithelium; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the flower stem.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectin component of mucilage.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root is the water- and mineral-absorbing part of a plant which is usually underground, does not bear leaves, tends to grow downwards and is typically derived from the radicle of the embryo.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the leaf over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the shoot system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the lateral mesoderm are generated and organized.
The process that gives rise to the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a lateral mesoderm cell.
lateral plate mesodermal cell differentiation
lateral plate mesoderm cell differentiation
The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a lateral mesoderm cell.
lateral plate mesodermal cell fate commitment
lateral plate mesoderm cell fate commitment
lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a lateral mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
lateral mesoderm cell fate determination
lateral plate mesodermal cell fate determination
lateral plate mesoderm cell fate determination
regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.
regulation of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination
regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate determination
regulation of lateral plate mesoderm cell fate determination
negative regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.
downregulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
down regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
down-regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
inhibition of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
negative regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate determination
positive regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.
activation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
positive regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate determination
stimulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
upregulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
up regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
up-regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a lateral mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
lateral mesoderm cell fate specification
lateral plate mesodermal cell fate specification
lateral plate mesoderm cell fate specification
regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.
regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate specification
positive regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.
activation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
positive regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate specification
stimulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
upregulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
up regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
up-regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
negative regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.
downregulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
down regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
down-regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
inhibition of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
negative regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate specification
lateral mesoderm structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
lateral mesoderm structural organisation
lateral plate mesoderm structural organization
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesendoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, mesendoderm development gives rise to both mesoderm and endoderm tissues.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, mesectoderm development processes give rise to both mesoderm and ectoderm tissues.
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway
regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.
regulation of retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.
activation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of RAR signaling pathway
positive regulation of retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway
stimulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.
downregulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of RAR signaling pathway
negative regulation of RAR signalling pathway
negative regulation of retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway
Any process that reduces the pH of the endosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the intermediate mesoderm are generated and organized.
The process that gives rise to the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
intermediate mesodermal cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an intermediate mesoderm cell.
intermediate mesoderm cell differentiation
intermediate mesodermal cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an intermediate mesoderm cell.
intermediate mesoderm cell fate commitment
intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a intermediate mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination
regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.
negative regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.
downregulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
down regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
down-regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
inhibition of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
positive regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.
activation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
stimulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
upregulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
up regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
up-regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an intermediate mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification
regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.
positive regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.
activation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
stimulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
upregulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
up regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
up-regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
negative regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.
downregulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
down regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
down-regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
inhibition of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
intermediate mesoderm structural organization
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
intermediate mesoderm structural organisation
brain-derived neurotrophic factor binding
Binding to brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
Binding to platelet-derived growth factor.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a floral whorl over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A floral whorl is a circular arrangement of parts of a flower arising from a stem of a plant.
collective phyllome structure development
The process in which the anatomical structures of the flower are generated and organized.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the carpel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A carpel is an organ (generally believed to be a modified foliar unit) at the centre of a flower, bearing one or more ovules and having its margins fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule in an ovary, and consisting also of a stigma and usually a style.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the petal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sepal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stamen over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the floral organ are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the carpel are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the petal are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the sepal are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the stamen are generated and organized.
The process that gives rise to floral organs. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of floral organs. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
The process that gives rise to the petal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the petal. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
The process that gives rise to the sepal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the sepal. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
The process that contributes to the act of giving rise to the stamen. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the stamen. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the floral whorl are generated and organized.
The process that gives rise to the floral whorl. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the floral whorl. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
The process that gives rise to the flower. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the flower. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
The process that gives rise to the carpel. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the carpel. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the flower calyx over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corolla over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the androecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gynoecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gynoecium is the collective name for the carpels of a flower.
The cellular developmental process in which a specific cell progresses from an immature to a mature state. Cell development start once cell commitment has taken place.
The cellular developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a specific cell to attain its fully functional state.
Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
threonine-phosphate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-threonine + H+ = (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate + CO2.
L-threonine O-3-phosphate carboxy-lyase [(R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl-phosphate-forming]
L-threonine O-3-phosphate carboxy-lyase activity
L-threonine-O-3-phosphate decarboxylase activity
The directed movement of D-methionine into, out of, within, or between cells.
A single or double lipid bilayer with any of several different proteinaceous coats that can associate with membranes. Membrane coats include those formed by clathrin plus an adaptor complex, the COPI and COPII complexes.
An endodeoxyribonuclease complex that resolves the 4-way DNA intermediates of a Holliday junction into two separate duplex DNA molecules. Can be branch-migration associated.
The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.
OBSOLETE. Any process that prevents the collapse of stalled replication forks.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the style over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The style is an elongated part of a carpel, or group of fused carpels, and it lies between the ovary and the stigma.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stigma over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stigma is the pollen-receptive surface of a carpel or group of fused carpels, usually sticky.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the ovule are generated and organized. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the autonomic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the enteric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gallbladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter.
parasympathetic nervous system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parasympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia.
Binding to the microtubule constituent protein beta-tubulin.
A vesicle-mediated transport process, in which the synaptic vesicle membrane constituents are retrieved from the presynaptic membrane on the axon terminal after neurotransmitter secretion by exocytosis. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis can occur via clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent mechanisms.
The directed movement of synaptic vesicles.
The directed movement of synaptic vesicle along axonal microtubules from the cell body to the presynapse.
anterograde axonal transport of synaptic vesicle
The directed movement of synaptic vesicle along axonal microtubules from the presynapse to the cell body.
retrograde axonal transport of synaptic vesicle
ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex
A complex containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.
plasma membrane-derived thylakoid ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex
A complex, located in the plasma membrane-derived thylakoid, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits. It carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.
plasma membrane ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex
chromatophore ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex
A complex, located in the chromatophore, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.
Binding to Roundabout (ROBO) receptor, a transmembrane receptor.
The process in which the identity of an animal organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
The process in which the identity of a floral organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
The process that determines the orientation of petals with reference to the central axis.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the membrane surrounding a synaptic vesicle.
synaptic vesicle membrane organization and biogenesis
A complex of protein and RNA which facilitates translocation of proteins across membranes.
signal recognition particle, plasma membrane targeting
A complex consisting of a protein and RNA component which binds the signal sequence of some proteins and facilitates their export to or across the plasma membrane.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiamine(out) = ADP + H+ + phosphate + thiamine(in).
ATPase-coupled thiamine transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent thiamine transmembrane transporter activity
thiamine pyrophosphate-transporting ATPase activity
thiamin pyrophosphate transporting ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Interacting selectively with any glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. GPI anchors serve to attach membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.
regulation of timing of animal organ formation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation at a consistent predetermined time point during development.
regulation of timing of cell differentiation
The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized features. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the XXX at a consistent predetermined time point during its development.
regulation of timing of meristematic phase transition
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a change in identity of a meristem at a characteristic predetermined time point.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meristem development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
regulation of timing of transition from vegetative to reproductive phase
The process controlling the point in time during development when a vegetative meristem will change its identity to become an inflorescence or floral meristem, and/or the rate at which the change occurs.
Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism.
The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
obsolete trichome initiation (sensu Magnoliophyta)
OBSOLETE. Processes causing the differentiation of an epidermal cell into a trichome cell; as in, but not restricted to, the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:3398).
obsolete positive regulation of trichome initiation (sensu Magnoliophyta)
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trichome initiation; as in, but not restricted to, the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:3398).
positive regulation of biological process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
positive regulation of physiological process
negative regulation of biological process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
negative regulation of physiological process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
positive regulation of cellular physiological process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
negative regulation of cellular physiological process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant.
positive regulation of viral reproduction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant.
negative regulation of viral reproduction
The process of expanding or inflating the folded imaginal disc-derived pupal wing, and the adhering of the dorsal and ventral surfaces, to form the mature adult wing.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the post-embryonic root over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: magnesium protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = divinylprotochlorophyllide + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O.
magnesium-protoporphyrin-IX 13-monomethyl ester,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase activity
Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester oxidative cyclase activity
The process in which the anatomical structures of a fruit are generated and organized. A fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant.
Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule to an oligosaccharide, forming a beta-1,3-linkage.
The process that gives rise to the configuration of the constituent parts of an anatomical structure. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
anatomical structure structural organization
The process in which a relatively unspecialized floral cell acquires the specialized features of a sporocyte. Sporocytes are the haploid spores of angiosperms. Once formed, they undergo meiotic divisions to form microspores and megaspores.
hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation.
haematopoietic or lymphoid organ development
haemopoietic or lymphoid organ development
hemopoietic or lymphoid organ development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lymph nodes over time, from their formation to the mature structure. A lymph node is a round, oval, or bean shaped structure localized in clusters along the lymphatic vessels, with a distinct internal structure including specialized vasculature and B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions.
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.
bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue development
gut-associated lymphoid tissue development
mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue development
nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bone marrow over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bursa of Fabricius over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bursa of Fabricius is an organ found in birds involved in B cell differentiation.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Peyer's patches over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lymph gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lymph gland is one of the sites of hemocyte differentiation. It consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages.
phytochrome chromophore biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the phytochrome chromophore. The phytochrome chromophore is a linear tetrapyrrolic prosthetic group covalently attached to the large soluble protein phytochrome. Light absorption by the phytochrome chromophore triggers photoconversion between two spectrally distinct forms of the photoreceptor: Pr, the red light absorbing form, and Pfr, the far red light absorbing form.
A cell recognition process in which pollen is recognized and either accepted or rejected by cells in the stigma.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes.
The nucleus of the generative cell, a cell contained within the pollen grain that will divide to produce two haploid sperm cells.
The nucleus of the microsporocyte. The microsporocyte is a diploid cell in which meiosis will occur, resulting in four microspores. A microspore is a spore that, in vascular plants, gives rise to a male gametophyte.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized during embryonic development. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
establishment of floral organ orientation
The process that determines the orientation of the floral organs with reference to the central axis of the flower.
establishment of anatomical structure orientation
The process that determines the orientation of an anatomical structure with reference to an axis.
establishment of animal organ orientation
The process that determines the orientation of an animal organ or tissue with reference to an axis.
Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
post-embryonic animal organ morphogenesis
Morphogenesis, during the post-embryonic phase, of an animal tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis pertains to process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem I complex on the thylakoid membrane.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure during embryonic development. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus.
ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from ectoderm.
Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
Development, taking place during the post-embryonic phase of an animal tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the notochord are generated and organized. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a day length that exceeds a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term long-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness falls short of the number of hours defined by 24 hours minus the critical day length.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a day length that falls short of a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term short-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness exceeds the number of hours defined by 24 hours minus the critical day length.
A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length. The length of the period of light or dark required to initiate the change is set relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species.
photoperiodic control of inflorescence development
A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light that exceeds the critical day length. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term is long-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness falls short of the number of hours defined by 24 minus the critical day length.
long-day photoperiodic control of flowering
long-day photoperiodic control of flowering time
long-day photoperiodic control of inflorescence development
A change from vegetative to reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light that falls short of the critical day length. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term is short-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness exceeds the number of hours defined by 24 minus the critical day length.
short-day photoperiodic control of flowering
short-day photoperiodic control of flowering time
short-day photoperiodic control of inflorescence development
positive regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
Any process that activates, maintains or increases short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
activation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
stimulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
upregulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
up regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
up-regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
negative regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
downregulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
down regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
down-regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
inhibition of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
positive regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
Any process that activates, maintains or increases long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
activation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
stimulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
upregulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
up regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
up-regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
negative regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
downregulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
down regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
down-regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
inhibition of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
regulation of post-embryonic development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.
negative regulation of post-embryonic development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.
downregulation of post-embryonic development
down regulation of post-embryonic development
down-regulation of post-embryonic development
inhibition of post-embryonic development
positive regulation of post-embryonic development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.
activation of post-embryonic development
stimulation of post-embryonic development
upregulation of post-embryonic development
up regulation of post-embryonic development
up-regulation of post-embryonic development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
positive regulation of response to stimulus
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
negative regulation of response to stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another.
developmental growth of a unicellular organism
The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during embryonic development.
post-embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during post-embryonic development.
post-embryonic camera-style eye morphogenesis
The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants.
embryonic anatomical structure morphogenesis
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an oocyte.
The process in which the structures of an oocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of an oocyte.
oocyte morphogenesis during differentiation
The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of somatic structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures.
multicellular organismal reproductive process
The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs.
reproductive process in a multicellular organism
obsolete cellular process involved in reproduction
OBSOLETE. A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular or single-celled organism.
embryonic ectodermal digestive tract development
The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
post-embryonic ectodermal digestive tract development
The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
post-embryonic ectodermal gut development
embryonic ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis
The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized.
post-embryonic ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis
The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal gut are generated and organized.
post-embryonic ectodermal gut morphogenesis
embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.
post-embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.
post-embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis
The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
OBSOLETE. The formation of reproductive spores.
The process in which a seed germinates before being shed from the parent plant.
The process in which a new plantlet develops from a meristem on the plant body. As part of this process, when the plantlet is large enough to live independently, the physical connection between the new plantlet and the main plant is severed.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast to attain its fully functional state. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of trichomes on the surface and margin of a leaf. Process involves signaling between adjacent epidermal cells that results in differentiation of some epidermal cells into trichomes.
The increase in size or mass of a skeletal muscle. This may be due to a change in the fiber number or size.
regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.
negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.
downregulation of skeletal muscle growth
down regulation of skeletal muscle growth
down-regulation of skeletal muscle growth
positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle growth.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development.
negative regulation of muscle organ development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development.
positive regulation of muscle organ development
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of muscle development.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.
positive regulation of developmental growth
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth.
negative regulation of developmental growth
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.
regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.
negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.
downregulation of skeletal muscle development
down regulation of skeletal muscle development
down-regulation of skeletal muscle development
inhibition of skeletal muscle development
positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle tissue development.
activation of skeletal muscle development
stimulation of skeletal muscle development
upregulation of skeletal muscle development
up regulation of skeletal muscle development
up-regulation of skeletal muscle development
The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized.
The process pertaining to the initial formation of an animal organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. Organs are a natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole. The heart and lungs are organs of animals, and the petal and leaf are organs of plants. In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ.
initiation of an animal organ primordium
anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis
The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues.
The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.
caste determination, influence by genetic factors
The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.
caste determination, influence by environmental factors
The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to environmental cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.
polyphenic determination, influence by environmental factors
The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental cues.
polyphenic determination, influence by genetic factors
The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to genetic cues.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the anther are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the anther wall tapetum are generated and organized. The anther wall tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.
The process that gives rise to the anther wall tapetum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The anther wall tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.
anther wall tapetum cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anther cell wall tapetum cell. The tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther wall tapetum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The multiplication or reproduction of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
activation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
positive regulation of SMC proliferation
stimulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
upregulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
up regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
up-regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
downregulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
down regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
down-regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation
negative regulation of SMC proliferation
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation
The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron.
neuron morphogenesis involved in differentiation
The process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons.
collateral sprouting in absence of injury
The process in which outgrowths develop from the axons of intact undamaged neurons.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.
negative regulation of collateral sprouting
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.
positive regulation of collateral sprouting
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.
collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
The process in which outgrowths develop from the axons of intact undamaged neurons as a result of injury to an axon. The collateral sprouts typically appear from undamaged axons in a tissue which has had part of its nerve supply removed, and they can often innervate successfully any cells that have lost some or all of their original synaptic input.
The process resulting in reformation of a growth cone by the tip of an injured axon, or in collateral sprouting of the axon. Collateral sprouting is the process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons.
Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development.
Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in regeneration of the neuron.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.
positive regulation of axon regeneration
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon regeneration.
negative regulation of axon regeneration
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.
The process involved in sprouting of an injured axon.
regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.
positive regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.
activation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
stimulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
upregulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
up regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
up-regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
negative regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.
downregulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
down regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
down-regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
inhibition of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting of an injured axon.
positive regulation of sprouting of injured axon
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of sprouting of an injured axon.
stimulation of sprouting of injured axon
upregulation of sprouting of injured axon
up regulation of sprouting of injured axon
up-regulation of sprouting of injured axon
negative regulation of sprouting of injured axon
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting of an injured axon.
downregulation of sprouting of injured axon
down regulation of sprouting of injured axon
down-regulation of sprouting of injured axon
formation of growth cone in injured axon
The formation of a growth cone in an injured axon.
regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in regeneration.
positive regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon extension involved in regeneration.
activation of axon extension involved in regeneration
stimulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
upregulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
up regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
up-regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
negative regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in regeneration.
downregulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
down regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
down-regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
inhibition of axon extension involved in regeneration
regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.
positive regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.
activation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
stimulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
upregulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
up regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
up-regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
negative regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.
downregulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
down regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
down-regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
inhibition of collateral sprouting of injured axon
regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.
positive regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.
activation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
stimulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
upregulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
up regulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
up-regulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
negative regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.
downregulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
down regulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
down-regulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
inhibition of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons.
acquisition of desiccation tolerance in seed
The process in which a seed acquires tolerance to severe drying, before entering into a dry, either dormant or quiescent state.
embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the neurocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The neurocranium is the portion of the vertebrate skull surrounding the brain.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the viscerocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The viscerocranium is the part of the skull comprising the facial bones.
embryonic pharyngeal skeleton morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized.
The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process, occurring during instar larval or pupal development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.
positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.
stimulation of astrocyte differentiation
upregulation of astrocyte differentiation
up regulation of astrocyte differentiation
up-regulation of astrocyte differentiation
negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.
downregulation of astrocyte differentiation
down regulation of astrocyte differentiation
down-regulation of astrocyte differentiation
regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
activation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
stimulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
upregulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
up regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
up-regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
downregulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
down regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
down-regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
inhibition of oligodendrocyte differentiation
The process in which the anatomical structures of labrum are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior cibarial plate are generated and organized.
cibarial fish-trap bristle morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of a cibarial fish-trap bristle are generated and organized. A cibarial fish-trap bristle is a sensory bristle on the anterior plate of the cibarium.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the epistomal sclerite are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the posterior cibarial plate are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the clypeus are generated and organized.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior cibarial plate over time, from their formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the clypeus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The clypeus is the shield-shaped plate on an insect's head.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epistomal sclerite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cibarial fish-trap bristle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cibarial fish-trap bristle is a sensory bristle on the anterior plate of the cibarium.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the labrum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior cibarial plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proboscis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sebaceous gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis are generated and organized. The proboscis is the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult head.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a haltere are generated and organized.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.
imaginal disc-derived appendage development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation in the imaginal disc to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
obsolete striated muscle fiber development
OBSOLETE. The process whose specific outcome is the amplification and progression of myoblasts (muscle precursor cells) into terminally differentiated multinucleated muscle fibers.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
regulation of skeletal muscle fibre development
regulation of skeletal myofiber development
regulation of skeletal myofibre development
positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
activation of skeletal muscle fiber development
positive regulation of skeletal muscle fibre development
positive regulation of skeletal myofiber development
positive regulation of skeletal myofibre development
stimulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
upregulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
up regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
up-regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
negative regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
downregulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
down regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
down-regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
inhibition of skeletal muscle fiber development
negative regulation of skeletal muscle fibre development
negative regulation of skeletal myofiber development
negative regulation of skeletal myofibre development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
obsolete smooth muscle fiber development
OBSOLETE. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye corneal lens are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the semicircular canals are generated and organized.
embryonic semicircular canal morphogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pigment granule.
pigment granule organization and biogenesis
branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube
The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder.
The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in a nerve are generated and organized. This term refers to an anatomical structure (nerve) not a cell (neuron).
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sieve cell. A sieve cell is a type of sieve element that has relatively undifferentiated sieve areas (with narrow pores). The sieve areas are rather uniform in structure on all walls; that is, there are no sieve plates. Typical of gymnosperms and lower vascular plants. The sieve element is the cell in the phloem tissue concerned with mainly longitudinal conduction of food materials.
Steps required to form a membrane-bounded organelle into a pigment granule containing pigment. Maturation is a developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell or structure to attain its fully functional state.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a companion cell. The companion cell is the specialized parenchyma cell associated with a sieve-tube member in angiosperm phloem and arising from the same mother cell as the sieve-tube member.
xylem vessel member cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vessel member cell. A vessel member cell is one of the components of a vessel in the xylem. It is a dead cell with the wall between adjacent members being variously perforated and the walls that persist variously thickened.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a parenchymal cell. Parenchymal cells are the most abundant and versatile cells in plants. They have very few distinguishing characteristics and botanists classify them as any cell type that cannot be assigned to any other structural or functional class. They can redifferentiate and dedifferentiate and are involved in storage, basic metabolism and other processes. The cells are polyhedral, typically with thin, non-lignified cellulose cell walls and nucleate living protoplasm. They vary in size, form, and wall structure.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a collenchyma cell. This is a plant cell in which the primary cell walls are unevenly thickened, with most thickening occurring at the cell corners. Cells are living and able to grow, they are elongated, and lignin and secondary walls absent. Collenchyma cells make up collenchyma tissue which acts as a supporting tissue in growing shoots, leaves and petioles. This tissue is often arranged in cortical ribs, as seen prominently in celery and rhubarb petioles.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.
calcium-induced calcium release activity
Enables transmembrane transfer of calcium ions from an intracellular store to the cytosol on induction by increased calcium concentration.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a trichoblast cell to attain its fully functional state.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a root hair cell.
The process in which a protrusion or bulge is formed at the site of plant root hair outgrowth.
The process in which the root hair grows longer.
Localized growth of a plant root hair tip by extension of the cell wall.
The process in which sarcomeres are added in series within a fiber.
A small, subcellular membrane-bounded vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules. Pigment granule biogenesis is poorly understood, as pigment granules are derived from multiple sources including the endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, lysosomes, and endosomes.
The reorganization or renovation of existing tissues. This process can either change the characteristics of a tissue such as in blood vessel remodeling, or result in the dynamic equilibrium of a tissue such as in bone remodeling.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a leucophore cell. Leucophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain uric acid or other purine crystals, deposited in stacks called leucosomes. This gives them a white appearance.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an erythrophore cell. Erythrophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or erythrosomes. This gives them an orange to red appearance.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cyanophore cell. Cyanophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain a blue pigment of unknown chemical composition. The pigment is stored in fibrous organelles termed cyanosomes.
regulation of leucophore differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.
negative regulation of leucophore differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.
downregulation of leucophore differentiation
down regulation of leucophore differentiation
down-regulation of leucophore differentiation
inhibition of leucophore differentiation
positive regulation of leucophore differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.
activation of leucophore differentiation
stimulation of leucophore differentiation
upregulation of leucophore differentiation
up regulation of leucophore differentiation
up-regulation of leucophore differentiation
regulation of erythrophore differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.
negative regulation of erythrophore differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.
downregulation of erythrophore differentiation
down regulation of erythrophore differentiation
down-regulation of erythrophore differentiation
inhibition of erythrophore differentiation
positive regulation of erythrophore differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.
activation of erythrophore differentiation
stimulation of erythrophore differentiation
upregulation of erythrophore differentiation
up regulation of erythrophore differentiation
up-regulation of erythrophore differentiation
regulation of cyanophore differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.
negative regulation of cyanophore differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.
downregulation of cyanophore differentiation
down regulation of cyanophore differentiation
down-regulation of cyanophore differentiation
inhibition of cyanophore differentiation
positive regulation of cyanophore differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.
activation of cyanophore differentiation
stimulation of cyanophore differentiation
upregulation of cyanophore differentiation
up regulation of cyanophore differentiation
up-regulation of cyanophore differentiation
pigment biosynthetic process involved in pigment granule maturation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, contributing to the process in which a membrane-bounded organelle develops into a pigment granule. Maturation is a developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell or structure to attain its fully functional state.
pigment biosynthetic process during pigment granule maturation
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hatching gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process.
A specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix.
The membrane portion of the presynaptic active zone; it is the site where docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles occurs for the release of neurotransmitters.
active zone pre-synaptic plasma membrane
The specialized cytoskeletal matrix of the presynaptic active zone. It has specialized functions in organizing synaptic events such as immobilisation or translocation of synaptic vesicles, and assembling active zone components. It is believed to form a molecular scaffold that organizes neurotransmitter release sites.
presynaptic cytomatrix assembled at active zones
presynaptic cytoskeletal matrix assembled at active zones
pre-synaptic cytoskeletal matrix assembled at active zones
cytoskeletal matrix organization at active zone
The assembly and arrangement of cytomatrix proteins to form complexes in the cell cortex beneath the active zone, i.e. just beneath the presynaptic plasma membrane.
cytoskeletal matrix organisation at active zone
maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure
A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins at the active zone to ensure the fusion and docking of vesicles and the release of neurotransmitters.
maintenance of pre-synaptic active zone structure
calcium ion-regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitter
The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, where the release step is dependent on a rise in cytosolic calcium ion levels.
spontaneous exocytosis of neurotransmitter
The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, where the release step is independent of the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+). The neurotransmitter is contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle, and is released by fusion of the vesicle with the presynaptic plasma membrane of a nerve cell.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the swim bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the swim bladder is generated and organized. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a swim bladder to attain its fully functional state. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.
The process that gives rise to the swim bladder. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.
The expansion of the swim bladder by trapped gases. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an animal organ to attain its fully functional state. An organ is a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the antenna are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the antennal joint are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal part of the body are generated and organized.
imaginal disc-derived male genitalia morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc.
imaginal disc-derived female genitalia morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized from the genital disc.
imaginal disc-derived genitalia morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of analia are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the female are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the male are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.
obsolete hermaphrodite genitalia morphogenesis
OBSOLETE. The process in which the anatomical structures of hermaphrodite genitalia are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the ocellus are generated and organized. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects.
negative regulation of hair follicle maturation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.
downregulation of hair follicle maturation
down regulation of hair follicle maturation
down-regulation of hair follicle maturation
positive regulation of hair follicle maturation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.
upregulation of hair follicle maturation
up regulation of hair follicle maturation
up-regulation of hair follicle maturation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a hair follicle to attain its fully functional state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process aimed at the progression of an enucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
The process aimed at the progression of a nucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pigment cell precursor.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cotyledon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the cotyledon are generated and organized. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a phyllome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A phyllome is a collective term for all the different types of leaves appearing on plants.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root cap over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root cap protects the root meristem from friction as the root grows through the soil. The cap is made up of a group of parenchyma cells which secrete a glycoprotein mucilage as a lubricant.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adventitious root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adventitious roots are post-embryonic roots that develop from the plant shoot.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot development.
The regionalization process that modulates the quantity of a particular type of plant organ.
Any process that modulates the number of floral organs formed in a floral whorl.
Any process that modulates the number of petals formed in a flower.
Any process that reduces the number of petals produced in a developing flower.
Any process that increases the number of petals produced in a developing flower.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp sorus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sorocarp sorus is the spore containing structure of a sorocarp.
The process in which the dormant state is broken in a seed. Dormancy is characterized by a suspension of physiological activity that can be reactivated upon release.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otolith over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.
positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.
activation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
stimulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
upregulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
up regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
up-regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.
downregulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
down regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
down-regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
inhibition of axon extension involved in axon guidance
The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs.
The process in which the anatomical structures of venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the body and its organs to the heart.
axon extension involved in axon guidance
The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
The process that gives rise to adenohypophysis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the neurohypophysis are generated and organized. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.
The process that gives rise to neurohypophysis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. The hypophysis is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the diencephalon are generated and organized. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the forebrain are generated and organized. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).
The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
The process in which the anatomical structures of the adenohypophysis are generated and organized. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neural nucleus from its initial condition to its mature state. A neural nucleus is an anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized.
The process in which the limits of an anatomical structure are generated. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a glioblast into daughter cells.
leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a leukemia inhibitory factor to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
leukemia inhibitory factor signalling pathway
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stem cell.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pollen tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure.
A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition.
Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.
multicellular organismal-level homeostasis
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the multicellular organism.
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells.
homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue.
host-mediated regulation of intestinal microbiota composition
The biological process involved in maintaining the steady-state number of cells within a population of free-living cells such as the bacteria in the gut.
homeostasis of number of cells in a free-living population
host-induced regulation of intestinal microbiota composition
obsolete chemical homeostasis within a tissue
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of the internal steady state of the amount of a chemical at the level of the tissue.
obsolete chemical homeostasis within retina
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of the internal steady state of the amount of a chemical at the level of the retina.
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the retina.
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure.
mechanosensory lateral line system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mechanosensory lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mechanosensory lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The neuromasts are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project primarily to the hindbrain. The mechanosensory lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear and between the eye and ear.
The migration of a cluster of a relatively undifferentiated cell originating at specific cephalic placodes and depositing proneuromasts along a developing lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory organ of the lateral line and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromasts are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.
The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in a developing lateral line.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast hair cell. Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast mantle cell. Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear and behind the ear.
lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lateral line ganglion neuron.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line nerve over time, form its formation to the mature structure. Lateral line nerves project primarily to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain that consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus.
afferent axon development in lateral line nerve
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in any lateral line nerve.
efferent axon development in a lateral line nerve
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in any lateral line nerve.
lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve.
The movement of a glial cell along the axons in a lateral line nerve.
glial cell migration in lateral line nerve
The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of a lateral line nerve.
anterior lateral line system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated between the eye and the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the anterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The anterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians and are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project to the hindbrain. The anterior lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians. The anterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.
anterior lateral line neuromast primordium migration
The migration of a cluster of a relatively undifferentiated cell along the developing anterior lateral line, originating from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and the ear. The neuromast primordium deposits proneuromasts along the lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.
anterior lateral line neuromast development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory receptor of the anterior lateral line system and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromast are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.
anterior lateral line neuromast deposition
The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing anterior lateral line.
anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. Neuromast hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.
anterior lateral line neuromast cupula development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line neuromast cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.
anterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.
anterior lateral line neuromast support cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.
anterior lateral line ganglion development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.
anterior lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the anterior lateral line ganglion.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line nerve over time, form its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line nerve contains efferent axons that innervate hair cells of the ALL and afferent axons that project to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain. The octavolateralis column consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus.
afferent axon development in anterior lateral line nerve
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the anterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.
efferent axon development in anterior lateral line nerve
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the anterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.
glial cell migration in anterior lateral line nerve
The movement of a glial cell along the axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.
anterior lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve.
myelination of anterior lateral line nerve axons
The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the anterior lateral line nerve.
posterior lateral line system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated behind the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the posterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The posterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians. The neuromasts are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project primarily to the hindbrain. The posterior mechanosensory lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the body and trunk of all fishes and most amphibians. The posterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.
posterior lateral line ganglion development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.
posterior lateral line nerve development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line nerve innervates hair cells of the PLL and projects to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain that consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus.
posterior lateral line neuromast development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory receptor of the anterior lateral line system and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromast are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.
posterior lateral line neuromast primordium migration
The migration of a relatively undifferentiated cell along the developing posterior lateral line, originating from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear. The neuromast primordium deposits proneuromasts along the lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.
posterior lateral line neuromast cupula development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.
posterior lateral line neuromast deposition
The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing posterior lateral line.
posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast hair cell type or a set of cell of neuromast hair cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.
posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast mantle cell type or a set of cells of neuromast mantle cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line system is a network of sensory organs (neuromasts) and lateral line nerves located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.
electrosensory lateral line system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the electrosensory lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
posterior lateral line neuromast support cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.
posterior lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the posterior lateral line ganglion.
The elimination of zinc ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.
efferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine antiporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine(out) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(in) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine(in) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(out).
glial cell migration in posterior lateral line nerve
The movement of a glial cell along the axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.
histone methyltransferase inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a histone methyltransferase.
posterior lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve.
myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons
The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve.
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S2 phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-serine (consensus YSPTSPS)(position 2) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.
RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain S2 phosphatase activity
afferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S5 phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-serine (consensus YSPTSPS)(position 5) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.
RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain S5 phosphatase activity
peripheral nervous system neuron differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system.
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat Y1 phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-tyrosine (consensus YSPTSPS)(position 1) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.
RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain Y1 phosphatase activity
peripheral nervous system neuron development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat T4 phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-threonine (consensus YSPTSPS)(position 4) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.
RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain T4 phosphatase activity
peripheral nervous system neuron axonogenesis
Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system. The axon carries action potential from the cell body towards target cells.
co-transcriptional mRNA 3'-end processing, cleavage and polyadenylation pathway
Any process involved in transcription termination-coupled 3' processing of RNA polymerase II mRNA transcripts by the 3' end cleavage and addition of a poly(A) tail. This pathway is required for the maturation of primary protein-encoding transcripts into functional mRNAs that can be exported from the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm, but is also required for polyadenylation-dependent decay.
cotranscriptional 3' processing of RNA polymerase II mRNA transcripts
lateral line nerve glial cell development
The process aimed at the progression of a lateral line glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
Any process by which dormant, translationally inactive mRNAs become activated via the elongation of their poly(A) tails in the cytosol.
lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
The process in which the structure of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve is generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve.
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S7 phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-serine (consensus YSPTSPS)(position 7) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.
RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain S7 phosphatase activity
anterior lateral line nerve glial cell development
The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
anterior lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
The process in which the structures of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve.
The binding activity of a protein that brings together another protein and a tRNA, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.
posterior lateral line nerve glial cell development
The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
nucleoside import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of nucleoside from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
posterior lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
The process in which the structures of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve.
co-transcriptional RNA 3'-end processing, cleavage and polyadenylation pathway
Any process involved in transcription termination-coupled 3' processing of RNA polymerase II RNA transcripts by 3' end cleavage and addition of a poly(A) tail. This pathway is required for the maturation of primary protein-encoding transcripts into functional RNAs that can be exported from the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm, but is also required for polyadenylation-dependent decay.
cotranscriptional 3'-end processing of RNA polymerase II transcripts
lysophosphatidylserine flippase activity
Catalysis of the movement of a lysophosphatidylserine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
Binds to and modulates the activity of a SUMO ligase.
Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys11 residue of ubiquitin.
Any process in which a chromosome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of chromosome localization
establishment and maintenance of chromosome position
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-glutamine = NH3 + D-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: lipoate + 5-aminopentanoate = dihydrolipoate + D-proline.
5-aminopentanoate:lipoate oxidoreductase (cyclizing)
deoxycytidylate C-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dCMP = 2'-deoxy-5-methyl-5'-cytidylate + 7,8-dihydrofolate.
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:dCMP C-methyltransferase activity
deoxycytidylate methyltransferase activity
isoflavone 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + isoflavone = UDP + isoflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside.
UDPglucose:isoflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:isoflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:isoflavone 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose-flavonoid 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-isoflavone 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity
isohexenylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA = 3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)pent-2-enedioyl-CoA + H2O.
3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA hydro-lyase [3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)pent-2-enedioyl-CoA-forming]
3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA hydro-lyase activity
3-hydroxy-3-isohexenylglutaryl-CoA-hydrolase activity
beta-isohexenylglutaconyl-CoA-hydratase activity
isohexenylglutaconyl coenzyme A hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose = 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose.
sucrose alpha-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nocardicin E = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H+ + isonocardicin A.
nocardicin aminocarboxypropyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:nocardicin-E 3-amino-3-carboxypropyltransferase activity
isopiperitenone delta-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: isopiperitenone = piperitenone.
isopiperitenone delta8-delta4-isomerase activity
isopropanol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + propan-2-ol = acetone + H+ + NADPH.
propan-2-ol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
isovitexin beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: isovitexin + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + isovitexin 2''-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.
isovitexin b-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:isovitexin 2''-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:isovitexin 2''-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-isovitexin 2''-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: citramalyl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + H2O.
citramalyl-CoA hydro-lyase (itaconyl-CoA-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 juglone + O2 = 2 3,5-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + 2 H+.
5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydropantoate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + formaldehyde.
2-dehydropantoate formaldehyde-lyase (3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate-forming)
2-dehydropantoate formaldehyde-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-erythrulose 1-phosphate = formaldehyde + glycerone phosphate.
erythrulose-1-phosphate formaldehyde-lyase (glycerone-phosphate-forming)
erythrulose-1-phosphate formaldehyde-lyase activity
erythrulose-1-phosphate synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: kievitone hydrate = H2O + H+ + kievitone.
kievitone-hydrate hydro-lyase (kievitone-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: kynurenate + donor-H2 + O2 = 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + acceptor.
kynurenate,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + HCN = sulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine.
L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (adding HCN)
L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (adding hydrogen cyanide; L-3-cyanoalanine-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: an L-amino acid + H2O + NAD+ = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + NADH.
L-amino-acid:NAD+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinitol + NAD+ = L-xylulose + H+ + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate + H2O.
L-arabinonate hydro-lyase (2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O = L-arabinonate + H+.
L-arabinono-1,4-lactone lactonohydrolase activity
L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + NAD+ = L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADH.
L-arabinose:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-fuconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-fuconate + H2O.
L-fuconate hydro-lyase (2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-fuconate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactono-1,4-lactone + O2 = L-ascorbate + H2O2 + H+.
L-galactono-1,4-lactone:oxygen 3-oxidoreductase activity
L-galactono-1,4-lactone oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + O2 + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2.
glutamate (acceptor) dehydrogenase activity
L-glutamate:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: an L-glycol + NAD(P)+ = a 2-hydroxycarbonyl compound + NAD(P)H + H+.
glycol (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)) dehydrogenase activity
L-(+)-glycol:NAD(P) oxidoreductase activity
L-glycol:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
obsolete L-idonate 2-dehydrogenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: L-idonate + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminohexano-6-lactam + H2O = L-lysine.
L-alpha-aminocaprolactam hydrolase activity
L-lysine-1,6-lactam lactamhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + H2O + O2 = 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + H2O2 + NH4.
L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-pipecolate + acceptor = delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + reduced acceptor. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.
L-pipecolate:(acceptor) 1,6-oxidoreductase activity
L-pipecolate:acceptor 1,6-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-pipecolate + O2 = 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate + H2O2 + H+. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.
L-pipecolate:oxygen 1,6-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate + H2O.
L-rhamnonate hydro-lyase (2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + H2O = L-rhamnonate + H+.
L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone lactonohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnofuranose + NAD+ = L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + H+ + NADH.
L-rhamnofuranose:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-sorbose + O2 = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H2O2.
L-sorbose:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonate + NAD+ = 3-dehydro-L-threonate + H+ + NADH.
L-threonate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: aldehydo-L-xylose + NADP+ = L-xylono-1,4-lactone + H+ + NADPH.
L-xylose:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + xylitol = L-xylulose + H+ + NADPH.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + propane-1,2-diol = (S)-lactaldehyde + H+ + NADPH.
1,2-propanediol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
lactaldehyde (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
NADP-1,2-propanediol dehydrogenase activity
propane-1,2-diol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + O2 = acetate + CO2 + H2O.
(S)-lactate:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
lactate oxidative decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate = acetaldehyde + formate.
(S)-lactate acetaldehyde-lyase (formate-forming)
lactate-malate transhydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + oxaloacetate = malate + pyruvate.
(S)-lactate:oxaloacetate oxidoreductase activity
malate-lactate transhydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate = (R)-lactate.
galactose-6-phosphate isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose 6-phosphate = D-tagatose 6-phosphate.
D-galactose-6-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
D-galactose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-D-glucosyl-D-glucose + phosphate = D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
3-beta-D-glucosyl-D-glucose:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a delta(7)-sterol + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ -> a delta(5,7)-sterol + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.
delta7-sterol delta5-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine = (3R)-beta-leucine.
(2S)-alpha-leucine 2,3-aminomutase activity
L-leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate.
leucine 2-oxoglutarate transaminase activity
leucine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + H2O + NAD+ = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH.
L-leucine:NAD+ oxidoreductase, deaminating
L-leucine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-leucine + CoA + H+.
acetyl-CoA:L-leucine N-acetyltransferase activity
leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene B4 + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].
leukotriene-B4 omega-hydroxylase activity
leukotriene-E4 20-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + leukotriene E(4) + NADPH + O2 = 20-hydroxy-leukotriene E(4) + H2O + NADP+.
(7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-(5S,6R)-6-(cystein-S-yl)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating)
leukotriene-E(4) omega-hydroxylase activity
leukotriene-E4 omega-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 2,6-beta-D-fructosyl(n) = glucose + 2,6-beta-D-fructosyl(n+1).
beta-2,6-fructan:D-glucose 1-fructosyltransferase activity
sucrose:2,6-beta-D-fructan 6-beta-D-fructosyltransferase activity
sucrose 6-fructosyl transferase activity
lignostilbene alpha beta-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylene + O2 = 2 vanillin.
1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylene:oxygen oxidoreductase (alphabeta-bond-cleaving)
lignostilbene alphabeta-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: limonoate D-ring-lactone + H2O = limonoate.
limonin-D-ring-lactone hydrolase activity
limonoate-D-ring-lactone lactonohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + linalool + O2 = (2E)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-diene-1,6-diol + A + H2O.
3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (8-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile = UDP + linamarin.
UDPglucose:2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:ketone cyanohydrin beta-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP glucose ketone cyanohydrin glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphate-glucose-ketone cyanohydrin beta-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-ketone cyanohydrin glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-ketone glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate = 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoate.
linoleate delta12-cis-delta11-trans-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + lombricine = ADP + N-phospholombricine.
ATP:lombricine N-phosphotransferase activity
long-chain-alcohol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain alcohol + 2 NAD+ + H2O = a long-chain carboxylate + 2 NADH.
long-chain-alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
long-chain alcohol dehydrogenase activity
long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain aldehyde + NAD+ = a long-chain carboxylate + NADH + H+. A long-chain aldehyde is one with more than 12 carbons.
fatty aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
long-chain-aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
long-chain aliphatic aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
long-chain fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
long-chain-fatty-acyl-CoA reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain aldehyde + CoA + NADP+ = a long-chain acyl-CoA + NADPH.
long-chain-aldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase (acyl-CoA-forming)
long-chain fatty acyl CoA reductase activity
long-chain fatty acyl-CoA reductase activity
obsolete low-density-lipoprotein particle receptor kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + low-density lipoprotein L-serine = ADP + low-density lipoprotein O-phospho-L-serine.
luteolin 7-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronate + UDP.
luteolin 7-O-glucoronosyltransferase activity
UDPglucuronate:luteolin 7-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucuronate:luteolin 7-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronate-luteolin 7-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + pyruvate = L-alanine + L-allysine.
L-lysine:pyruvate aminotransferase activity
lysine--pyruvate 6-aminotransferase activity
lysine-pyruvate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine = (3S)-3,6-diaminohexanoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + O2 = 5-aminopentanamide + CO2 + H2O.
L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + carbamoyl phosphate = L-homocitrulline + H+ + phosphate.
carbamoyl-phosphate:L-lysine carbamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + NAD+ = 1,2-didehydropiperidine-2-carboxylate + NH3 + NADH.
L-lysine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (deaminating, cyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-tRNA + phosphatidylglycerol = tRNA + 3-phosphatidyl-1'-(3'-O-L-lysyl)glycerol.
L-lysyl-tRNA:phosphatidylglycerol 3-O-lysyltransferase activity
L-lysyl-tRNA:phosphatidylglycerol O3-lysyltransferase activity
obsolete m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylguanosine 5'-triphospho-5'-polynucleotide + H2O = 7-methylguanosine 5'-phosphate + polynucleotide.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + oleandomycin = ADP + 2 H+ + oleandomycin 2'-O-phosphate.
ATP:macrolide 2'-O-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + malate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + malyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-malate = H2O + maleate.
(R)-malate hydro-lyase (maleate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: maleate = fumarate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-maleylpyruvate = 3-fumarylpyruvate.
3-maleylpyruvate cis-trans-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonate = acetate + malonyl-CoA.
acetyl-CoA:malonate CoA-transferase activity
malonate coenzyme A-transferase activity
acetylenecarboxylate hydratase activity, producing 3-oxopropanoate
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopropanoate = propynoate + H2O.
3-oxopropanoate hydro-lyase (propynoate-forming)
acetylenecarboxylate hydratase activity, producing malonate-semialdehyde
acetylenemonocarboxylate hydrase activity
acetylenemonocarboxylate hydratase activity
acetylmonocarboxylic acid hydrase activity
malonate-semialdehyde dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + CO2.
malonyl-CoA carboxy-lyase (acetyl-CoA-forming)
malonyl coenzyme A decarboxylase activity
maltose-6'-phosphate glucosidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + maltose 6'-phosphate = D-glucose + D-glucose 6-phosphate.
maltose-6'-phosphate 6-phosphoglucohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: maltose + phosphate = D-glucose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
maltose:phosphate 1-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3-carboxy-3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate.
(3S)-3-carboxy-3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA glyoxylate-lyase (acetyl-CoA-forming)
(3S)-3-carboxy-3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA glyoxylate-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + H2O = D-mannitol + 2 H+ + phosphate.
D-mannitol-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
mannitol-1-phosphate phosphatase activity
mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol + NADP+ = D-fructose + H+ + NADPH.
D-mannitol:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
NADP-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol + NAD+ = D-fructose + NADH.
D-mannitol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] + D-mannitol = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + D-fructose + 2 H+.
D-mannitol:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase activity
mannose-6-phosphate 6-reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NADP+ = D-mannose 6-phosphate + 3 H+ + NADPH.
D-mannitol-1-phosphate:NADP+ 6-oxidoreductase activity
NADP-dependent mannose-6-P:mannitol-1-P oxidoreductase activity
NADPH-dependent mannose 6-phosphate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannose = D-fructose.
D-mannose aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate + NAD(P)+ = D-mannuronate + NAD(P)H + H+.
D-mannonate:NAD(P)+ 6-oxidoreductase activity
D-mannonate:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate oxidoreductase (D-mannuronate-forming))
mannonate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate))dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H2O + NAD+.
2-hydroxyphenylpropionate hydroxylase activity
2-hydroxyphenylpropionic hydroxylase activity
3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-tartrate + NAD+ = dihydroxyfumarate + H+ + NADH.
meso-tartrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: methanol + NAD+ = formaldehyde + H+ + NADH.
methionine-glyoxylate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + glyoxylate = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + glycine.
L-methionine:glyoxylate aminotransferase activity
methionine-glyoxylate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + H+ = 3-methylthiopropanamine + CO2.
L-methionine carboxy-lyase (3-methylthiopropanamine-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: threo-3-methyl-L-aspartate = mesaconate + NH4.
L-threo-3-methylaspartate ammonia-lyase (mesaconate-forming)
L-threo-3-methylaspartate ammonia-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: threo-3-methyl-L-aspartate = L-glutamate.
beta-methylaspartate-glutamate mutase activity
b-methylaspartate-glutamate mutase activity
L-threo-3-methylaspartate carboxy-aminomethylmutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + methylguanidine = methylammonium + urea.
methylguanidine amidinohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-L-glutamate + A + H2O = L-glutamate + AH(2) + formaldehyde.
N-methylglutamate dehydrogenase activity
N-methyl-L-glutamate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (demethylating)
N-methyl-L-glutamate:acceptor oxidoreductase (demethylating)
methylitaconate delta-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylene-3-methylsuccinate = dimethylmaleate.
methylitaconate delta2-delta3-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-mimosine + H2O = 3-hydroxy-4H-pyrid-4-one + L-serine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-beta-D-glucosyl(n) + phosphate = 1,4-beta-D-glucosyl(n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
1,4-beta-D-oligo-D-glucan:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
beta-1,4-oligoglucan:orthophosphate glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(m) = 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n-1) + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(m+1).
1,4-alpha-D-glucan:1,6-alpha-D-glucan 6-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulonate + NAD+ = 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + H+ + NADH.
L-beta-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase activity
L-beta-hydroxy-acid-NAD-oxidoreductase activity
L-gulonate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + O2 = L-xylo-hex-3-ulonolactone + H2O2.
L-gulono-1,4-lactone:oxygen 3-oxidoreductase activity
L-gulono-gamma-lactone:O2 oxidoreductase activity
L-gulono-gamma-lactone:oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + monomethyl sulfate = H+ + methanol + sulfate.
monomethyl-sulfate sulfohydrolase activity
monoterpenol O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a monoterpenol = CoA + a monoterpenol acetate ester.
acetyl-CoA:monoterpenol O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: monoterpenyl diphosphate + H2O = monoterpenol + diphosphate.
monoterpenyl-diphosphate diphosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: morphine + NAD(P)+ = morphinone + NAD(P)H + H+.
morphine:NAD(P)+ 6-oxidoreductase activity
mucinaminylserine mucinaminidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-3-(N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine + H2O = D-galactosyl-3-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine + L-serine.
D-galactosyl-3-(N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine mucinaminohydrolase activity
endo-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 7n H+ + n methylmalonyl-CoA + 2n NADPH = n CO2 + n CoA + n H2O + multi-methyl-branched acyl-CoA + 2n NADP+.
acyl-CoA:methylmalonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl-reducing)
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + NAD+ = 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + H+ + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + O2 = D-glucuronate + H2O + H+.
myo-inositol:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone = 3D-3,5/4-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione + H2O.
2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone hydro-lyase (3,5/4-trihydroxycyclohexa-1,2-dione-forming)
2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone hydro-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myosin light-chain phosphate + H2O = myosin light chain + phosphate.
[Myosin light-chain]-phosphatase activity
myosin light chain kinase phosphatase activity
myosin light-chain kinase phosphatase activity
myosin-light-chain-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylformamide + H2O = dimethylamine + formate.
N,N-dimethylformamide amidohydrolase activity
N-acetyl-beta-alanine deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-alanine + H2O = beta-alanine + acetate.
N-acetyl-beta-alanine amidohydrolase activity
N-acetyldiaminopimelate deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + H2O = LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + acetate.
6-N-acetyl-LL-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate amidohydrolase activity
N6-acetyl-LL-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate amidohydrolase activity
N-acetyl-L-diaminopimelic acid deacylase activity
N-acetyl-LL-diaminopimelate deacylase activity
N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + acetate.
acetylaminodeoxyglucose acetylhydrolase activity
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine amidohydrolase activity
N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl N-deacetylase activity
N-acetylhexosamine 1-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H2O + NAD+ = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate + 2 H+ + NADH.
N-acetyl-D-hexosamine:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
N-acetyl-D-hexosamine dehydrogenase activity
N-acetylhexosamine dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-glucosamine = N-acyl-D-mannosamine.
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase activity
N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase activity
N-acyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H2O + O2 = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate + H2O2 + H+.
N-acyl-beta-D-hexosamine:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase activity
N-acyl-D-hexosamine:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase activity
N-acylmannosamine 1-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-mannosamine + NAD+ = N-acyl-D-mannosaminolactone + H+ + NADH.
N-acetyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase activity
N-acyl-D-mannosamine:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
N-acyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase activity
N-acylmannosamine dehydrogenase activity
N-acylneuraminate-9-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acylneuraminate 9-phosphate + H2O = N-acylneuraminate + phosphate.
N-acylneuraminate-9-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
N-acylneuraminic (sialic) acid 9-phosphatase activity
N-acylneuraminic acid 9-phosphate phosphatase activity
N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine + H2O + H+ = benzyl alcohol + CO2 + glycine.
benzyloxycarbonylglycine hydrolase activity
nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl amino acid urethane hydrolase activity
nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl amino acid urethane hydrolase I
nalpha-carbobenzoxyamino acid amidohydrolase activity
N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine urethanehydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoylputrescine + H2O + 2 H+ = CO2 + NH4 + putrescine.
N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoylsarcosine + H2O + 2 H+ = CO2 + NH4 + sarcosine.
N-carbamoylsarcosine amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-feruloylglycine + H2O = ferulate + glycine.
N-feruloylglycine amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-glutamate + formate.
beta-citryl-L-glutamate amidase activity
beta-citryl-L-glutamate amidohydrolase activity
beta-citryl-L-glutamate hydrolase activity
beta-citryl-L-glutamate-hydrolyzing enzyme
N-formyl-L-glutamate amidohydrolase activity
N-methyl-2-oxoglutaramate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-2-oxoglutaramate + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + methylammonium.
5-hydroxy-N-methylpyroglutamate synthase activity
N-methyl-2-oxoglutaramate methylamidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an N-methyl-L-amino acid + H2O + O2 = an L-amino acid + formaldehyde + H2O2.
N-methyl-L-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-L-alanine + H2O + NADP+ = H+ + methylammonium + NADPH + pyruvate.
N-methyl-L-alanine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (demethylating, deaminating)
N6-hydroxylysine O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + acetyl-CoA = N(6)-acetyl-N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:6-N-hydroxy-L-lysine 6-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:N6-hydroxy-L-lysine 6-acetyltransferase activity
N6-hydroxylysine:acetyl CoA N6-transacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-methyl-L-lysine + H2O + O2 = L-lysine + formaldehyde + H2O2.
6-N-methyl-L-lysine:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)
epsilon-alkyl-L-lysine:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
epsilon-N-methyllysine demethylase activity
N6-methyl-L-lysine:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + H2O = ADP-ribose(P) + nicotinamide.
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) glycohydrolase activity
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) nucleosidase activity
triphosphopyridine nucleotidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + a quinone = NAD+ + a quinol.
NADH:(quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (quinone) dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O2 + H+ + NADPH = 2 H2O + NADP+.
NADPH:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate peroxidase activity
triphosphopyridine nucleotide peroxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NADP+ + nicotinate = 6-hydroxynicotinate + H+ + NADPH.
nicotinate:NADP+ 6-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
nicotinate-N-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinate + UDP-D-glucose = N-(beta-D-glucosyl)nicotinate + UDP.
UDPglucose:nicotinate N-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:nicotinate N-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:nicotinic acid-N-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-nicotinate N-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ferrocytochrome + nitrate = ferricytochrome + nitrite.
benzyl viologen-nitrate reductase activity
ferrocytochrome:nitrate oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nitroethane + H2O + O2 = acetaldehyde + nitrite + H2O2.
nitroethane:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 6 reduced flavodoxin + 6 H+ + N2 + n ATP = 6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + n ADP + n phosphate.
reduced flavodoxin:dinitrogen oxidoreductase (ATP-hydrolysing)
Catalysis of the reaction: isonocardicin A = nocardicin A.
nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-ribosyl-base1 + base2 = 2-deoxy-D-ribosyl-base2 + base1.
nucleoside:purine(pyrimidine) deoxy-D-ribosyltransferase activity
nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase I (purine nucleoside:purine deoxyribosyltransferase: strictly specific for transfer between purine bases)
nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase II [purine(pyrimidine) nucleoside:purine(pyrimidine) deoxyribosyltransferase]
nucleoside trans-N-deoxyribosylase activity
purine(pyrimidine) nucleoside:purine(pyrimidine) deoxyribosyl transferase activity
nucleoside monophosphate kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside monophosphate = ADP + nucleoside diphosphate.
ATP:nucleoside-phosphate phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleotide + a 2'-deoxynucleoside = a nucleoside + a 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphate.
nonspecific nucleoside phosphotransferase activity
nucleotide:2'-nucleoside 5'-phosphotransferase activity
nucleotide:3'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphotransferase activity
nucleotide:nucleoside 5'-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribosyl-base1 + base2 = D-ribosyl-base2 + base1.
nucleoside:purine(pyrimidine) D-ribosyltransferase activity
nucleoside N-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside 5'-phosphate = AMP + 5'-phosphonucleoside 3'-diphosphate.
ATP:nucleoside-5'-phosphate diphosphotransferase activity
ATP:nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase activity
ATP nucleotide 3'-pyrophosphokinase activity
nucleotide 3'-pyrophosphokinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 2-aminophenol + 3 O2 = 2 isophenoxazine + 6 H2O.
2-aminophenol:O2 oxidoreductase activity
2-aminophenol:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
o-aminophenol:O2 oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + H+ = catechol + CO2.
2,3-dihydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase (catechol-forming)
2,3-dihydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase activity
2,3-dihydroxybenzoate decarboxylase activity
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-10-hydroxystearate = H2O + oleate.
(R)-10-hydroxystearate 10-hydro-lyase (oleate-forming)
(R)-10-hydroxystearate 10-hydro-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a monoamide of a dicarboxylic acid + H2O = a dicarboxylate + NH3.
omega-amidodicarboxylate amidohydrolase activity
omega-hydroxydecanoate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-hydroxydecanoate + NAD+ = 10-oxodecanoate + H+ + NADH.
10-hydroxydecanoate:NAD+ 10-oxidoreductase activity
w-hydroxydecanoate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + guanidinoethyl methyl phosphate = N'-phosphoguanidinoethyl methylphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:guanidinoethyl-methyl-phosphate phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-ornithine = H2O + L-glutamate + 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate.
L-ornithine:2-oxoglutarate-aminotransferase activity
L-ornithine(L-lysine):2-oxoglutarate-aminotransferase activity
lysine/ornithine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
ornithine(lysine) aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + 2 benzoyl-CoA = N(2),N(5)-dibenzoyl-L-ornithine + 2 CoA + 2 H+.
benzoyl-CoA:L-ornithine N-benzoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine = D-ornithine.
dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NADPH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + orotate.
(S)-dihydroorotate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
L-5,6-dihydro-orotate:NAD oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: o-orsellinate + H+ = CO2 + orcinol.
orsellinate carboxy-lyase (orcinol-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + orsellinate depside = 2 o-orsellinate + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: oxalate + succinyl-CoA = oxalyl-CoA + succinate.
succinyl-beta-ketoacyl-CoA transferase activity
succinyl-CoA:oxalate CoA-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + O2 + oxalate = 2 CO2 + H2O2.
Catalysis of the reaction: oxaloacetate = enol -oxaloacetate.
oxaloacetate keto-enol-isomerase activity
oxaloacetate keto-enol tautomerase activity
oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NADP+ = CO2 + NADPH + succinyl-CoA.
2-oxoglutarate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-succinylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pantetheine = ADP + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.
ATP:pantetheine 4'-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantoate + NAD+ = (R)-4-dehydropantoate + H+ + NADH.
(R)-pantoate:NAD+ 4-oxidoreductase activity
D-pantoate:NAD+ 4-oxidoreductase activity
pantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(R)-pantothenoyl]-L-cysteine + H+ = (R)-pantetheine + CO2.
N-((R)-pantothenoyl)-L-cysteine carboxy-lyase activity
N-[(R)-pantothenoyl]-L-cysteine carboxy-lyase (pantetheine-forming)
N-[(R)-pantothenoyl]-L-cysteine carboxy-lyase activity
pantothenylcysteine decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + pentanamide = NH4 + valerate.
obsolete peptide-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: peptide tryptophan + O2 = peptide formylkynurenine.
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-N-peptidyl-L-glutamine + H2O = alpha-N-peptidyl-L-glutamate + NH3.
peptidyl-L-glutamine amidohydrolase activity
phenol beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a phenol = UDP + an aryl beta-D-glucoside.
phenol-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:phenol beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:phenol beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + O2 = 2-phenylacetamide + CO2 + H2O.
L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
L-phenylalanine oxidase (deaminating and decarboxylating)
l-phenylalanine oxidase (deaminating and decarboxylating) activity
phenylalanine (deaminating, decarboxylating)oxidase activity
phenylalanine (deaminating, decarboxylating) oxidase activity
obsolete phenylalanine adenylyltransferase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + ATP = N-adenylyl-L-phenylalanine + diphosphate + 2 H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine = phenylethylamine + CO2.
aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity
L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + H2O + NAD+ = phenylpyruvate + NH3 + NADH.
L-phenylalanine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
phenylalanine N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine + CoA + H+.
acetyl-CoA:L-phenylalanine N-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA-L-phenylalanine alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phenylpyruvate = phenylacetaldehyde + CO2.
phenylpyruvate carboxy-lyase (phenylacetaldehyde-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate = enol-phenylpyruvate.
phenylpyruvate keto-enol-isomerase activity
phenylpyruvate keto--enol tautomerase activity
phenylpyruvic keto--enol isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-threo-3-phenylserine = benzaldehyde + glycine.
L-threo-3-phenylserine benzaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)
L-threo-3-phenylserine benzaldehyde-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phloretin = H+ + phloretate + phloroglucinol.
2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxydehydrochalcone 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzenehydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phorbol 12,13-dibutanoate = butanoate + H+ + phorbol 13-butanoate.
12,13-diacylphorbate 12-acylhydrolase activity
phorbol-12,13-diester 12-ester hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + phosphate = butanoyl phosphate + CoA.
butanoyl-CoA:phosphate butanoyltransferase activity
phosphatidylcholine 12-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H+ + NADH + O2 = 1-acyl-2-[(S)-12-hydroxyoleoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O + NAD+.
1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (12-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: An oleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = a linoleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.
1-16:0-2-18:1-phosphatidylcholine desaturase activity
1-18:1-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine desaturase activity
1-18:1-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine synthase activity
1-18:1-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholinedesaturase activity
1-18:2-2-18:1-phosphatidylcholine desaturase activity (SN2-18:2 forming)
1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:NAD+ delta12-oxidoreductase activity
acyl-lipid omega-6 desaturase (cytochrome b5)
oleoylphosphatidylcholine desaturase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-D-myo-inositol + a carboxylate + H+.
1-phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 2-acylhydrolase activity
phosphatidylinositol phospholipase A2 activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + H2O = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + sulfate.
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate sulfohydrolase activity
3-phosphoadenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-phosphocreatine + H2O = creatine + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate = 3-phosphonopyruvate.
phosphoenolpyruvate 2,3-phosphonomutase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate phosphomutase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate-phosphonopyruvate phosphomutase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate = phosphate + pyruvate.
phosphoenolpyruvate phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + ATP = alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate 6-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:D-glucose-1-phosphate 6-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + GTP = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + GDP + H+.
GTP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate + H2O = D-glycerate + phosphate.
D-2-phosphoglycerate phosphatase activity
D-glycerate-2-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose 5-phosphate + phosphate = acetyl phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O.
D-xylulose-5-phosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase (adding phosphate; acetyl-phosphate-forming)
D-xylulose-5-phosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase (phosphate-acetylating) activity
xylulose-5-phosphate phosphoketolase activity
phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phosphonoacetaldehyde = acetaldehyde + H+ + phosphate.
2-oxoethylphosphonate phosphonohydrolase activity
2-phosphonoacetylaldehyde phosphonohydrolase activity
phosphonoacetylaldehyde phosphonohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP = D-ribose 1,5-diphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:D-ribose-5-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [phosphorylase a] + 4 H2O = 2 [phosphorylase b] + 4 phosphate.
glycogen phosphorylase phosphatase activity
phosphorylase a phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + phytanate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + phytanoyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamoyl-CoA + 3 H+ + 3 malonyl-CoA = 4 CO2 + 4 CoA + pinosylvin.
malonyl-CoA:cinnamoyl-CoA malonyltransferase (cyclizing)
piperidine N-piperoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (E,E)-piperoyl-CoA + piperidine = N-[(E,E)-piperoyl]piperidine + CoA + H+.
(E,E)-piperoyl-CoA:piperidine N-piperoyltransferase activity
piperoyl-CoA:piperidine N-piperoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-O-alk-1-enyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine = CoA + plasmenylcholine.
1-alkenyl-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine:acyl-CoA acyltransferase activity
acyl-CoA:1-O-alk-1-enyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine 2-O-acyltransferase activity
lysoplasmenylcholine acyltransferase activity
O-1-alkenylglycero-3-phosphorylcholine acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-fucose + ATP = beta-L-fucose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:6-deoxy-L-galactose 1-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:beta-L-fucose 1-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol = (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + NH4.
octopamine hydro-lyase [deaminating; (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde-forming]
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + oxalate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + oxalyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxalomalate = glyoxylate + oxaloacetate.
3-oxalomalate glyoxylate-lyase (oxaloacetate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + oxamate = oxalurate + phosphate.
carbamoyl-phosphate:oxamate carbamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(hydroxyimino)propanoate + acetone = acetone oxime + pyruvate.
pyruvate-acetone oximinotransferase activity
plasmanylethanolamine desaturase activity
Catalysis of the reaction:1-(1,2-saturated alkyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.
2-acyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine desaturase activity
alkylacylglycerophosphoethanolamine desaturase activity
alkylacylglycero-phosphorylethanolamine dehydrogenase activity
plasmenylethanolamine desaturase activity
polysialic-acid O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alpha-2,8-linked polymer of sialic acid = CoA + polysialic acid acetylated at O-7 or O-9.
acetyl-CoA:polysialic-acid O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: polyvinyl alcohol + O2 = oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + H2O2.
polyvinyl-alcohol:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: prenyl diphosphate + H2O = prenol + diphosphate.
prenyl-diphosphate diphosphohydrolase activity
procollagen galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + procollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysine = UDP + procollagen 5-(D-galactosyloxy)-L-lysine.
collagen hydroxylysyl galactosyltransferase activity
hydroxylysine galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:5-hydroxylysine-collagen galactosyltransferase activity
UDPgalactose:procollagen-5-hydroxy-L-lysine D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:procollagen-5-hydroxy-L-lysine D-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP galactose-collagen galactosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphogalactose-collagen galactosyltransferase activity
progesterone 11-alpha-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + progesterone = 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + A + H2O.
progesterone,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (11alpha-hydroxylating)
progesterone 11alpha-hydroxylase activity
progesterone 11-alpha-hydroxylase activity
progesterone 11alpha-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-alpha-pregnan-3,20-dione + NADP+ = progesterone + NADPH.
5alpha-pregnan-3,20-dione:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
delta4-steroid 5alpha-reductase (progesterone)
Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + progesterone = A + H2O + testosterone acetate.
progesterone,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,2-diol = H2O + propanal.
adenosylcobalamin-dependent diol dehydratase activity
coenzyme B12-dependent diol dehydrase activity
propane-1,2-diol hydro-lyase (propanal-forming)
propanediol-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + propane-1,2-diol 1-phosphate = H+ + hydroxyacetone phosphate + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyhexan-3-one = 2 propanal.
4-hydroxy-3-hexanone propanal-lyase (propanal-forming)
4-hydroxy-3-hexanone propanal-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + propanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA.
prostaglandin-A1 delta-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin A1 = prostaglandin C1.
(13E)-(15S)-15-hydroxy-9-oxoprosta-10,13-dienoate delta10-delta11-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = prostaglandin E(2).
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate E-isomerase activity
prostaglandin endoperoxide E2 isomerase activity
prostaglandin endoperoxide E isomerase activity
prostaglandin R-prostaglandin E isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADP+ = (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11-alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADPH.
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP+ 9-oxidoreductase activity
9-keto-prostaglandin E(2) reductase activity
9-keto-prostaglandin E2 reductase activity
prostaglandin-E(2) 9-oxoreductase activity
prostaglandin E2-9-oxoreductase activity
prostaglandin-E2 9-oxoreductase activity
prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase activity
reductase, 15-hydroxy-9-oxoprostaglandin
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H+ = catechol + CO2.
3,4-dihydrobenzoate decarboxylase activity
3,4-dihydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase (catechol-forming)
3,4-dihydroxybenzoate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-prunasin + H2O = D-glucose + mandelonitrile.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pseudouridine = ADP + 2 H+ + pseudouridine 5'-phosphate.
ATP:pseudouridine 5'-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + galactosylsphingosine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + psychosine sulfate.
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate-psychosine sulphotransferase activity
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:galactosylsphingosine sulfotransferase activity
PAPS:psychosine sulphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine + O2 = 2-amino-4,7-dihydroxypteridine + unknown.
2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (7-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine + H2O = 2,4-dihydroxypteridine + NH3.
2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine aminohydrolase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: medicarpin + NADP+ = vestitone + NADPH.
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine = DNA adenine + H2O.
DNA-4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine 8-C,9-N-lyase (cyclizing; DNA-adenine-forming)
DNA-4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine 8-C,9-N-lyase (cyclizing)
DNA-4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine C8-N9-lyase (cyclizing; DNA-adenine-forming)
putrescine carbamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + putrescine = N-carbamoylputrescine + H+ + phosphate.
carbamoyl-phosphate:putrescine carbamoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: putrescine + O2 + H2O = 4-aminobutanal + NH3 + H2O2.
putrescine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + O2 = 2-dehydro-D-glucose + H2O2.
pyranose:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + pyrazole = 3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine + H2O.
L-serine hydro-lyase [adding pyrazole; 3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine-forming]
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + pyridoxal = 4-pyridoxolactone + H+ + NADH.
pyridoxal:NAD+ 4-oxidoreductase activity
pyridoxine:NADP 4-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + pyridoxine = H+ + NADPH + pyridoxal.
pyridoxine:NADP 4-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxine + O2 = pyridoxal + H2O2.
pyridoxine:oxygen 4-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxine + acceptor = isopyridoxal + reduced acceptor.
pyridoxine:(acceptor) 5-oxidoreductase activity
pyridoxine:acceptor 5-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimid-5-ylmethyl)-3-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium bromide + H2O = 1-(4-hydroxy-2-methylpyrimid-5-ylmethyl)-3-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium bromide + NH3.
1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimid-5-ylmethyl)-3-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium-bromide aminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + pyrogallol = (Z)-5-oxohex-2-enedioate + 2 H+.
1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + NAD(P)+ = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + NAD(P)H + H+.
delta1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase activity
L-proline:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + phosphate + pyruvate = AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+ + phosphoenolpyruvate.
ATP:pyruvate, phosphate phosphotransferase activity
pyruvate,orthophosphate dikinase activity
pyruvate-inorganic phosphate dikinase activity
pyruvate-phosphate dikinase (phosphorylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + NADP+ + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH.
pyruvate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase activity
pyruvate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-acetylating)
pyruvate oxidase (CoA-acetylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + H+ + O2 + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + H2O2.
pyruvate:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-acetylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + quercitrin = L-rhamnose + quercetin.
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + questin = demethylsulochrin + NADP+.
questin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, anthraquinone-ring-opening)
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + raucaffricine = D-glucose + vomilenine.
raucaffricine beta-D-glucohydrolase activity
raucaffricine beta-D-glucosidase activity
Renilla-luciferin 2-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: Renilla luciferin + O2 = oxidized Renilla luciferin + CO2 + light.
Renilla-luciferin:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
Renilla-luciferin sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + Renilla luciferin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + luciferyl sulfate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:Renilla luciferin sulfotransferase activity
luciferin sulfokinase (3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate:luciferin sulfotransferase)
Renilla-luciferin sulphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinol = 11-cis-retinol.
all-trans-retinol 11-cis-trans-isomerase activity
retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + retinol = CoA + retinyl ester.
acyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: retinyl palmitate + H2O = retinol + palmitate + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + rhodopsin = ADP + phosphorhodopsin.
rhodopsin kinase (phosphorylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribitol + NAD+ = D-ribulose + H+ + NADH.
ribitol dehydrogenase B (mutant enzyme with different properties)
ribitol dehydrogenase D (mutant enzyme with different properties)
ribitol-5-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribitol 5-phosphate + NAD(P)+ = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.
D-ribitol-5-phosphate:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + riboflavin = D-glucose + FMN.
alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate:riboflavin 5'-phosphotransferase activity
D-glucose-1-phosphate:riboflavin 5'-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + H+ + riboflavin = D-ribitol + lumichrome.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NADP+ + ribofuranose = D-ribonate + 2 H+ + NADPH.
D-ribose:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
ribose-5-phosphate-ammonia ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP + NH4 = 5-phospho-D-ribosylamine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.
5-phosphoribosylamine synthetase activity
ammonia-ribose 5-phosphate aminotransferase activity
ribose-5-phosphate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)
ribose 5-phosphate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ribofuranose = D-ribulose.
D-ribose aldose-ketose-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-ribosylnicotinamide + ATP = ADP + 2 H+ + nicotinamide mononucleotide.
ATP:N-ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphotransferase activity
ribosylnicotinamide kinase (phosphorylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: an N-D-ribosylpyrimidine + H2O = D-ribose + a pyrimidine.
N-ribosylpyrimidine nucleosidase activity
N-ribosylpyrimidine ribohydrolase activity
pyrimidine-nucleoside ribohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + O2 + rifamycin B = H2O2 + rifamycin O.
rifamycin-B:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1).
polynucleotide uridylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate = CoA + rosmarinate.
4-coumaroyl-CoA:4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid 4-coumaroyl transferase activity
caffeoyl-CoA:3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate 2'-O-caffeoyl-transferase activity
caffeoyl-coenzyme A:3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid caffeoyltransferase activity
rubber cis-polyprenylcistransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: poly-cis-polyprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + a poly-cis-polyprenyl diphosphate longer by one C5 unit.
isopentenyl pyrophosphate cis-1,4-polyisoprenyl transferase activity
poly-cis-polyprenyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate polyprenylcistransferase activity
coniferyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: coniferyl alcohol + NADP+ = coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH.
coniferyl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
coniferyl-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: coniferyl aldehyde + H2O + NAD(P)+ = ferulate + NAD(P)H + H+.
coniferyl aldehyde:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
S-adenosylhomocysteine deaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O + H+ = S-inosyl-L-homocysteine + NH4.
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine aminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an S-alkyl-L-cysteine + H2O = an alkyl thiol + NH3 + pyruvate.
S-alkyl-L-cysteine alkylthiol-lyase (deaminating; pyruvate-forming)
S-alkyl-L-cysteine alkylthiol-lyase (deaminating) activity
S-alkyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide lyase activity
S-carboxymethylcysteine synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chloro-L-alanine + thioglycolate = S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine + chloride + H+.
3-chloro-L-alanine chloride-lyase (adding thioglycolate; S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine-forming)
3-chloro-L-alanine chloride-lyase (adding thioglycolate)
S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine synthase activity
S-succinylglutathione hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-succinylglutathione + H2O = glutathione + H+ + succinate.
salicyl-alcohol beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: salicyl alcohol + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + salicin + UDP.
salicyl-alcohol b-D-glucosyltransferase activity
salicyl-alcohol glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:salicyl-alcohol beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:salicyl-alcohol beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:salicyl alcohol phenyl-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-salicyl alcohol 2-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: scopoletin + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + scopolin + UDP.
UDPglucose:scopoletin glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:scopoletin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:scopoletin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-scopoletin glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol + ATP = 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:inosamine phosphotransferase activity
scyllo-inosamine kinase (phosphorylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + sedoheptulose = ADP + 2 H+ + sedoheptulose 7-phosphate.
ATP:sedoheptulose 7-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate + H2O = sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + phosphate.
sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase activity
sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase activity
sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase activity
sedoheptulose 1,7-diphosphatase activity
sedoheptulose 1,7-diphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sepiapterin + H2O = xanthopterin-B2 + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-5-O-methyl-myo-inositol + NAD+ = 2D-5-O-methyl-2,3,5/4,6-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + H+ + NADH.
5-O-methyl-myo-inositol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + glyoxylate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine.
L-serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase activity
serine--glyoxylate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + H2O + NAD+ = 3-hydroxypyruvate + NH3 + NADH.
L-serine:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)
L-serine:NAD oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine O-sulfate + H2O = pyruvate + NH3 + sulfate.
L-serine-O-sulfate ammonia-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + sinapate = UDP + 1-sinapoyl-D-glucose.
UDPglucose:sinapate D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:sinapate D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:sinapic acid glucosyltransferase activity
uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose-hydroxycinnamic acid acylglucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-sinapate glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O-sinapoylcholine + H2O = choline + H+ + sinapate.
sinapoylcholine sinapohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucitol 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucitol + phosphate.
sorbitol-6-phosphate phosphatase activity
sorbitol-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
sorbose 5-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-sorbose + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H+ + NADPH.
L-sorbose:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-linked reductase activity
sorbose (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-sorbose + A = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + AH(2).
L-sorbose:(acceptor) 5-oxidoreductase activity
L-sorbose:acceptor 5-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: spermidine + acceptor + H2O = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-aminobutanal + reduced acceptor.
spermidine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
spermidine:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase D activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sphingomyelin = ceramide 1-phosphate + choline + H+.
sphingomyelin ceramide-phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + sphingosine = CoA + N-acylsphingosine.
acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + pregna-4,9(11)-diene-3,20-dione = 9,11alpha-epoxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione + A + H2O.
steroid,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (9-epoxidizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + testololactone = H+ + testolate.
testololactone lactonohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenolic steroid = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + steroid O-sulfate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:phenolic-steroid sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cholesteryl-beta-D-glucoside + H2O = D-glucose + cholesterol.
cholesteryl-beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + stipitatonate = CO2 + H+ + stipitatate.
stipitatonate carboxy-lyase (decyclizing, stipitatate-forming)
stipitatonate carboxy-lyase (decyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 = 4-(L-alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde.
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine:oxygen 4,5-oxidoreductase (recyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 = 5-(L-alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde.
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (recyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = ADP + 2 H+ + streptomycin 3''-phosphate.
ATP:streptomycin 3''-phosphotransferase activity
streptomycin 3''-kinase (phosphorylating)
streptomycin 3''-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = ADP + 2 H+ + streptomycin 6-phosphate.
ATP:streptomycin 6-phosphotransferase activity
streptomycin 6-O-phosphotransferase activity
streptomycin 6-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + streptomycin 6-phosphate = phosphate + streptomycin.
streptomycin 6-phosphate phosphatase activity
streptomycin 6-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
streptomycin-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
streptomycin-6-P phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + H2O + O2 = (indol-3-yl)acetate + H2O2 + H+.
(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
indole-3-acetaldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + L-lysine = NH3 + NADH + allysine.
L-lysine:NAD+ 6-oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 cytochrome c + nitrogen = 2 reduced cytochrome c + nitrous oxide.
nitrogen:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (N2O-forming)
nitrogen:acceptor oxidoreductase (N2O-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine + H2O + NAD+ = glycine + H+ + NADH + pyruvate.
N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (glycine-forming)
N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine: NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
strombine[N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine]dehydrogenase activity
sucrose 1F-fructosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 sucrose = D-glucose + 1F-beta-D-fructosylsucrose.
sucrose:sucrose 1'-beta-D-fructosyltransferase activity
sucrose:sucrose 1(F)-beta-D-fructosyltransferase activity
sucrose:sucrose 1F-beta-D-fructosyltransferase activity
sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase activity
sucrose:sucrose fructosyltransferase activity
sucrose 1(F)-fructosyltransferase activity
sucrose-sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose 6F-phosphate + H2O = sucrose + phosphate.
sucrose-6F-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
sucrose-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sugar phosphate + H2O = sugar + phosphate.
sugar-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sugar phosphorylated on the terminal carbon = a sugar + phosphate.
sugar-omega-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sulfite + 2 ferricytochrome c + H2O = sulfate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.
sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity
sulfite-cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + 3 oxidized ferredoxin + 3 H2O = sulfite + 3 reduced ferredoxin.
hydrogen-sulfide:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
sulphite reductase (ferredoxin) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-sulfoacetaldehyde + H2O = acetate + sulfite.
Catalysis of the reaction: sulfur + O2 + H2O = sulfite.
S-sulfanylglutathione:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,3-diaminopropane + S-adenosylmethioninamine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + bis(3-aminopropyl)amine + H+.
S-adenosylmethioninamine:propane-1,3-diamine 3-aminopropyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: synephrine = (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + methylammonium.
1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)ethanol hydro-lyase (methylamine-forming)
T2-induced deoxynucleotide kinase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + dGMP = ADP + dGDP, and ATP + dTMP = ADP + dTDP.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-tagatose + ATP = D-tagatose 6-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:D-tagatose 6-phosphotransferase activity
tagatose 6-phosphate kinase (phosphorylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: digallate + H2O = 2 gallate + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tartrate + H+ = D-glycerate + CO2.
(R,R)-tartrate carboxy-lyase (D-glycerate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tartrate = (2R,3S)-tartrate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tau-protein = ADP + O-phospho-tau-protein.
ATP:tau-protein O-phosphotransferase activity
taurine-2-oxoglutarate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: taurine + 2-oxoglutarate = sulfoacetaldehyde + L-glutamate.
taurine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
taurine--alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase activity
taurine--glutamate transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + taurine = AH(2) + NH4 + sulfoacetaldehyde.
taurine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (deaminating)
taurine:acceptor oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + taurocyamine = N-phosphotaurocyamine + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:taurocyamine N-phosphotransferase activity
ATP:taurocyamine phosphotransferase activity
taurocyamine phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + tauropine = H+ + NADH + pyruvate + taurine.
2-N-(D-1-carboxyethyl)taurine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (taurine-forming)
N2-(D-1-carboxyethyl)taurine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (taurine-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: taxifolin + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2,3-dihydrogossypetin + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
taxifolin,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (8-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydroberberine + 2 O2 = berberine + 2 H2O2.
(S)-tetrahydroberberine:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
tetrahydroxypteridine cycloisomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydroxypteridine = H+ + xanthine-8-carboxylate.
tetrahydroxypteridine lyase (isomerizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + ethylamine.
5-N-ethyl-L-glutamine amidohydrolase activity
N5-ethyl-L-glutamine amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamin diphosphate = ADP + thiamin triphosphate.
ATP:thiamin-diphosphate phosphotransferase activity
ATP:thiamine-diphosphate phosphotransferase activity
protein bound thiamin diphosphate:ATP phosphoryltransferase activity
thiamin diphosphate phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: pyridine + thiamine = 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + heteropyrithiamine.
thiamin:base 2-methyl-4-aminopyrimidine-5-methenyltransferase activity
thiamine:base 2-methyl-4-aminopyrimidine-5-methenyltransferase activity
thiamine triphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + thiamine triphosphate = thiamine diphosphate + H+ + phosphate.
thiamine-triphosphate phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + thiamine = 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl isothiocyanate = benzyl thiocyanate.
thioethanolamine S-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cysteamine = S-acetylcysteamine + CoA.
acetyl-CoA:2-aminoethanethiol S-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-CoA:thioethanolamine S-acetyltransferase activity
thioethanolamine acetyltransferase activity
thiosulfate-thiol sulfurtransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = sulfite + glutathione disulfide + sulfide.
glutathione-dependent thiosulfate reductase activity
thiosulfate:thiol sulfurtransferase activity
thiosulphate-thiol sulphurtransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 thiosulfate + 2 ferricytochrome c = tetrathionate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.
thiosulfate:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity
thiosulfate-acceptor oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dTTP + H2O = dTDP + H+ + phosphate.
deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphatase activity
thymidine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: thymidylate + H2O = thymidine + phosphate.
deoxythymidylate 5'-nucleotidase activity
deoxythymidylate phosphohydrolase activity
deoxythymidylic 5'-nucleotidase activity
thymidylate 5'-phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: thymine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-hydroxymethyluracil + succinate + CO2.
5-hydroxy-methyluracil dioxygenase activity
5-hydroxymethyluracil oxygenase activity
thymine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (7-hydroxylating)
thymine,2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol.
gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:gamma-tocopherol 5-O-methyltransferase activity
trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NAD+ = trans-didehydroacyl-CoA + NADH.
acyl-CoA:NAD+ trans-2-oxidoreductase activity
trans-cinnamate 2-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2-coumarate + H2O + NADP+.
trans-cinnamate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating)
trans-cinnamic acid 2-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2,3-epoxysuccinate + H2O = (2R,3S)-tartrate.
trans-2,3-epoxysuccinate hydrolase activity
trans-L-3-hydroxyproline dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-L-3-hydroxyproline = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H2O + H+.
trans-L-3-hydroxyproline hydro-lyase (Delta1-pyrroline 2-carboxylate-forming)
trans-L-3-hydroxyproline hydro-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 alpha,alpha'-trehalose 6-mycolate = alpha,alpha'-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate + alpha,alpha-trehalose.
alpha,alpha'-trehalose 6-monomycolate:alpha,alpha'-trehalose mycolyltransferase activity
alpha,alpha'-trehalose-6-mycolate:alpha,alpha'-trehalose-6-mycolate 6'-mycolyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + triacetate lactone = triacetate.
triacetic acid lactone hydrolase activity
triacetolactone lactonohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA = 4 CoA + 3,4',5-trihydroxy-stilbene + 4 CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + trimetaphosphate = 2 H+ + triphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + trimethylamine N-oxide = dimethylamine + formaldehyde.
trimethylamine N-oxide aldolase activity
trimethylamine N-oxide demethylase activity
trimethylamine-N-oxide formaldehyde-lyase (dimethylamine-forming)
trimethylamine N-oxide formaldehyde-lyase activity
trimethylamine-N-oxide formaldehyde-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine + O2 = 3-hydroxy-N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine + CO2 + succinate.
6-N,6-N,6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
epsilon-trimethyllysine 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase activity
N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
TML-alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase activity
trimethyllysine,2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase activity
trimethyllysine alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde + ATP = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphotransferase activity
inorganic triphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + inorganic triphosphate = diphosphate + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + tropine = H+ + NADPH + tropinone.
tropine:NADP+ 3alpha-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: atropine + H2O = H+ + tropate + tropine.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + pseudotropine = H+ + NADPH + tropinone.
pseudotropine:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase activity
pseudotropine forming tropinone reductase activity
tropinone (psi-tropine-forming) reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tropomyosin = ADP + O-phosphotropomyosin.
ATP:tropomyosin O-phosphotransferase activity
tropomyosin kinase (phosphorylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = 3-indoleglycolaldehyde + CO2 + NH3.
indole-3-alkane alpha-hydroxylase activity
indolyl-3-alkan alpha-hydroxylase activity
L-tryptophan:oxygen 2'-oxidoreductase (side-chain-cleaving)
tryptophan side-chain alpha,beta-oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = CO2 + H2O + indole-3-acetamide.
L-tryptophan:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
L-tryptophan:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + 2-oxoglutarate = indolepyruvate + L-glutamate.
5-hydroxytryptophan-ketoglutaric transaminase activity
hydroxytryptophan aminotransferase activity
L-phenylalanine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + NAD(P)+ = (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.
L-tryptophan:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
NAD(P)+-L-tryptophan dehydrogenase activity
tryptophan dimethylallyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + L-tryptophan = diphosphate + 4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-L-tryptophan.
4-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl)tryptophan synthase activity
dimethylallyl-diphosphate:L-tryptophan dimethylallyltransferase activity
dimethylallylpyrophosphate:L-tryptophan dimethylallyltransferase activity
dimethylallylpyrophosphate:tryptophan dimethylallyl transferase activity
dimethylallyltryptophan synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophanamide + H2O = L-tryptophan + NH4.
L-tryptophanamide amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + tyramine = CoA + N-feruloyltyramine.
feruloyl-CoA:tyramine N-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase activity
feruloyl-CoA tyramine N-feruloyl-CoA transferase activity
tyramine N-feruloyl-CoA transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + L-tyrosine + ATP = L-tyrosyl-L-arginine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.
L-tyrosine:L-arginine ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = 3-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
[tyrosine 3-monooxygenase] kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [tyrosine-3-monooxygenase] = ADP + phospho-[tyrosine-3-monooxygenase].
ATP:tyrosine-3-monoxygenase phosphotransferase activity
pheochromocytoma tyrosine hydroxylase-associated kinase activity
tyrosine 3-monooxygenase kinase (phosphorylating) activity
tyrosine 3-monooxygenase kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tyrosine + O2 + NADPH + H+ = N-hydroxytyrosine + NADP+ + H2O.
L-tyrosine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + H2O = NH4 + phenol + pyruvate.
L-tyrosine phenol-lyase (deaminating; pyruvate-forming)
obsolete ubiquitin-calmodulin ligase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: n ATP + calmodulin + n ubiquitin = n AMP + n diphosphate + ubiquitin(n)-calmodulin.
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-L-arabinose = UDP-alpha-D-xylose.
uridine 5'-diphosphate-D-xylose 4-epimerase activity
uridine diphosphoarabinose epimerase activity
UDP-galacturonate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + UDP-alpha-D-galacturonate = CO2 + UDP-L-arabinose.
UDP-D-galacturonate carboxy-lyase (UDP-L-arabinose-forming)
UDP-D-galacturonate carboxy-lyase activity
UDP-galacturonic acid decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucosamine = UDP-galactosamine.
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose = H2O + UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose.
UDP-glucose 4,6-hydro-lyase (UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = UDP-alpha-D-galacturonate.
UDP-D-galacturonic acid 4-epimerase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronate epimerase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronic epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = UDP-L-iduronate.
UDP-glucuronic acid 5'-epimerase activity
uridine diphosphoglucuronate 5'-epimerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + H2O = di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate + H+ + phosphate.
C(55)-isoprenyl pyrophosphatase activity
undecaprenyl-diphosphate phosphohydrolase activity
uracil-5-carboxylate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + uracil 5-carboxylate = CO2 + uracil.
uracil-5-carboxylate carboxy-lyase (uracil-forming)
uracil-5-carboxylate carboxy-lyase activity
uracil-5-carboxylic acid decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: uracil + acceptor = barbiturate + reduced acceptor.
urate-ribonucleotide phosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)uric acid + phosphate = alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + H+ + urate.
urate-ribonucleotide:phosphate alpha-D-ribosyltransferase activity
urate-ribonucleotide:phosphate D-ribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-ureidoglycolate = glyoxylate + urea.
(S)-ureidoglycolate urea-lyase (glyoxylate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H2O + 2 H+ = L-aspartate + CO2 + NH4.
N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + H+ + urethane = CO2 + ethanol + NH4.
urethane amidohydrolase (decarboxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galacturonate + H2O + NAD+ = galactarate + 2 H+ + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucurono-6,2-lactone + H2O = D-glucuronate.
D-glucurono-6,2-lactone lactonohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H+ = 2-methylpropanamine + CO2.
L-valine carboxy-lyase (2-methylpropanamine-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NADP+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADPH.
L-valine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
valine dehydrogenase (nicotinanide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-vicianin + H2O = mandelonitrile + vicianose.
(R)-vicianin beta-D-glucohydrolase activity
vinylacetyl-CoA delta-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: vinylacetyl-CoA = (2E)-butenoyl-CoA.
vinylacetyl-CoA delta3-delta2-isomerase activity
vinylacetyl coenzyme A delta-isomerase activity
vinylacetyl coenzyme A isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + viomycin = ADP + O-phosphoviomycin.
ATP:viomycin O-phosphotransferase activity
vitexin beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + vitexin = H+ + UDP + vitexin 2''-O-beta-D-glucoside.
UDPglucose:vitexin 2''-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:vitexin 2''-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-vitexin 2''-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (6S,9R)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionol + NAD+ = (6S)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionone + H+ + NADH.
vomifoliol:NAD+ 4'-oxidoreductase activity
Watasenia-luciferin 2-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: Watasenia luciferin + O2 = oxidized Watasenia luciferin + CO2 + light.
Watasenia-luciferin:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: a wax ester + H2O = a long-chain alcohol + a long-chain carboxylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,12-dihydroxanthommatin + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + xanthommatin.
5,12-dihydroxanthommatin:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + xylitol = ADP + 2 H+ + xylitol 5-phosphate.
ATP:xylitol 5-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate + H2O.
D-xylonate hydro-lyase (2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-xylonate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylono-1,4-lactone + H2O = D-xylonate.
D-xylono-1,4-lactone lactonohydrolase activity
trans-zeatin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-zeatin + UDP-D-glucose = O-beta-D-glucosyl-trans-zeatin + H+ + UDP.
UDPglucose:trans-zeatin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:trans-zeatin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-zeatin O-glucosyltransferase activity
zeatin O-b-D-glucosyltransferase activity
zeatin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
zeatin O-beta-D-xylosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + zeatin = O-beta-D-xylosylzeatin + H+ + UDP.
UDP-D-xylose:zeatin O-beta-D-xylosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoxylose-zeatin xylosyltransferase activity
zeatin O-b-D-xylosyltransferase activity
[acetyl-CoA carboxylase] kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] = ADP + [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] phosphate.
acetyl-CoA carboxylase bound kinase activity
acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase (AMP-activated) activity
acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase (cAMP-independent) activity
acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase 2 activity
acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase-2 activity
acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase-3 (AMP-activated) activity
acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase kinase (phosphorylating) activity
acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase kinase activity
ATP:acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphotransferase activity
[acetyl-CoA carboxylase]-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [acetyl-CoA carboxylase]-phosphate + H2O = [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] + phosphate.
acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
acetyl-CoA carboxylase-phosphatase activity
[glycogen-synthase-D] phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [glycogen-synthase D] + H2O = [glycogen-synthase I] + phosphate.
glycogen glucosyltransferase phosphatase activity
glycogen synthase D phosphatase activity
glycogen-synthase-D phosphatase activity
glycogen synthetase phosphatase activity
Mg2+ dependent glycogen synthase phosphatase activity
UDPglucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase-D phosphohydrolase activity
UDP-glucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase-D phosphohydrolase activity
UDPglucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase phosphatase activity
UDP-glycogen glucosyltransferase phosphatase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [pyruvate kinase] phosphate + H2O = [pyruvate kinase] + phosphate.
ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
indolylacetylinositol arabinosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1L-1-O-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol + UDP-L-arabinose = (indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol 3-L-arabinoside + H+ + UDP.
arabinosylindolylacetylinositol synthase activity
UDP-L-arabinose:(indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol L-arabinosyltransferase activity
UDP-L-arabinose:indol-3-ylacetyl-myo-inositol L-arabinosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxolaurate + H+ = 2-undecanone + CO2.
3-oxododecanoate carboxy-lyase (2-undecanone-forming)
agaritine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: agaritine + acceptor-NH2 = 4-hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine + gamma-L-glutamyl-acceptor.
(gamma-L-glutamyl)-1-N-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)hydrazine:(acceptor) gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
(gamma-L-glutamyl)-N1-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)hydrazine:(acceptor) gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
agaritine g-glutamyltransferase activity
cinnamate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose + UDP.
cinnamate b-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPG:t-cinnamate glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:trans-cinnamate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:trans-cinnamate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-cinnamate glucosyltransferase activity
D-alanine 2-hydroxymethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + D-alanine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 2-methylserine.
2-methylserine hydroxymethyltransferase activity
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:D-alanine 2-hydroxymethyltransferase activity
D-alanine hydroxymethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-aspartate + H2O = N-formyl-L-aspartate + NH3.
N-formimidoyl-L-aspartate iminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-glutamate + formamide.
N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate formimidoylhydrolase activity
N-formimino-L-glutamate formiminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + H2O = N-formyl-L-glutamate + NH3.
formiminoglutamic iminohydrolase activity
N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate iminohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-glutamine = NH3 + L-glutamate; and H2O + L-asparagine = NH3 + L-aspartate.
L-asparagine/L-glutamine amidohydrolase activity
L-glutamine(L-asparagine) amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + H2O + acceptor = hydroxylamine + reduced acceptor.
ammonia:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
ammonia:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
hydroxylamine (acceptor) reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxymandelonitrile = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + hydrocyanate.
(S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde-lyase (cyanide-forming)
(S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile hydroxybenzaldehyde-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = maltose + 2 phosphate.
alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase (dephosphorylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: nitric oxide + H2O + ferricytochrome c = nitrite + ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+.
cd-cytochrome nitrite reductase activity
cytochrome c-551:O2, NO2(+) oxidoreductase activity
cytochrome c-551:O2, NO2+ oxidoreductase activity
methyl viologen-nitrite reductase activity
nitric-oxide:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity
nitrite reductase (cytochrome; NO-forming) activity
NO-forming nitrite reductase (cytochrome) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha(S)-strictosidine + H2O = D-glucose + strictosidine aglycone.
strictosidine beta-D-glucohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine + 2 O2 = thiamine acetic acid + 2 H2O2.
thiamin:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase activity
thiamine:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase activity
obsolete alanine carboxypeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + peptidyl-L-alanine = L-alanine + peptide. The release of a C-terminal alanine from a peptide or a variety of pteroyl or acyl groups.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + peptidyl-L-lysine (or L-arginine) = L-lysine (or L-arginine) + peptide. Preferential release of a C-terminal lysine or arginine amino acid.
obsolete peptidyl-glycinamidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + peptidyl-glycinamide = glycinamide + peptide. Cleavage of C-terminal glycinamide from a polypeptide.
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate metabolism
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate metabolic process
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate metabolism
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate metabolic process
adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate metabolic process
adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate metabolism
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate metabolic process
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate metabolism
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate anabolism
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthesis
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate formation
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthesis
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate biosynthesis
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate biosynthetic process
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate biosynthetic process
adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthesis
adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthetic process
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate biosynthesis
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate biosynthetic process
calcium-dependent phospholipase C activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + choline phosphate. This reaction requires Ca2+.
Binding to TGF-beta, transforming growth factor beta, a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types.
The regulated release of catecholamines by a cell. The catecholamines are a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines.
positive regulation of viral transcription
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease, and its precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP).
Binding to a microfibril, any small fibril occurring in biological material.
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H2O = (-)-endo-fenchol + diphosphate.
geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [cyclizing, (-)-endo-fenchol-forming]
geranyl pyrophosphate:(-)-endo-fenchol cyclase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (R)-2-ethylmalate + CoA + H+.
(R)-2-ethylmalate 2-oxobutanoyl-lyase (CoA-acetylating) activity
2-ethylmalate-3-hydroxybutanedioate synthase activity
acetyl-CoA:2-oxobutanoate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl-forming)
2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + glyoxylate + H+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate + CO2.
2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate glyoxylate-lyase (carboxylating) activity
2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthetase activity
2-oxoglutarate:glyoxylate succinaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
alpha-ketoglutaric-glyoxylic carboligase activity
oxoglutarate:glyoxylate carboligase activity
oxoglutarate: glyoxylate carboligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oxaloacetate + propanoyl-CoA = (2R,3S)-2-methylcitrate + CoA + H+.
2-methylcitrate oxaloacetate-lyase activity
propanoyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-propanoyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, 1-carboxyethyl-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-ethylmalate + CoA + H+.
2-ethyl-3-hydroxybutanedioate synthase activity
3-ethylmalate glyoxylate-lyase (CoA-butanoylating) activity
butanoyl-CoA:glyoxylate C-butanoyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, 1-carboxypropyl-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + H2O + pentanoyl-CoA = 3-propylmalate + CoA + H+.
3-propylmalate glyoxylate-lyase (CoA-pentanoylating) activity
pentanoyl-CoA:glyoxylate C-pentanoyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, 1-carboxybutyl-forming)
obsolete aquacobalamin reductase (NADPH) activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 2 cob(II)alamin + NADP+ = 2 aquacob(III)alamin + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-mercapto-2-mercaptomethylpropanoate + NAD+ = asparagusate + H+ + NADH.
3-mercapto-2-mercaptomethylpropanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
NADH:asparagusate oxidoreductase activity
NADH2:asparagusate oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + NADP+ = 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + NADPH + H+.
dibromopropylaminophenylazobenzoic azoreductase activity
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, aniline:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
N,N-dimethyl-4-phenylazoaniline azoreductase activity
NAD(P)H:1-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol oxidoreductase activity
NADPH:4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene oxidoreductase activity
NADPH2:4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene oxidoreductase activity
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) azoreductase activity
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene azoreductase activity
zeatin 9-aminocarboxyethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-serine + zeatin = L-lupinate + acetate + H+.
3-O-acetyl-L-serine:zeatin 2-amino-2-carboxyethyltransferase activity
beta-(9-cytokinin)alanine synthase activity
beta-(9-cytokinin)-alanine synthase activity
O3-acetyl-L-serine:zeatin 2-amino-2-carboxyethyltransferase activity
O-acetyl-L-serine acetate-lyase (adding N(6)-substituted adenine) activity
O-acetyl-L-serine acetate-lyase (adding N6-substituted adenine)
beta-cyclopiazonate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-cyclopiazonate + A = alpha-cyclopiazonate + AH(2).
beta-cyclopiazonate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (cyclizing)
beta-cyclopiazonate:acceptor oxidoreductase (cyclizing)
beta-cyclopiazonate oxidocyclase activity
beta-cyclopiazonic oxidocyclase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = casbene + diphosphate.
geranylgeranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, casbene-forming)
geranylgeranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA, where the acetyl group is added to the re-face of oxaloacetate; acetyl-CoA provides the two carbon atoms of the pro-R carboxymethyl group.
acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [thioester-hydrolysing, (pro-R)-carboxymethyl-forming]
citrate oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-3R)-CH(2)COO(-)->acetyl-CoA) activity
citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-3R)-CH2COO-rightacetyl-CoA]
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 CoA + NAD+ = CoA-disulfide + NADH + H+.
CoA-disulfide reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
NADH:CoA-disulfide oxidoreductase activity
NADH2:CoA-disulfide oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + glutathione + NADP+ = CoA-glutathione + NADPH + H+.
CoA-glutathione reductase (NADPH) activity
coenzyme A disulfide-glutathione reductase activity
coenzyme A glutathione disulfide reductase activity
glutathione:NADP+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating)
NADPH:CoA-glutathione oxidoreductase activity
NADPH2:CoA-glutathione oxidoreductase activity
NADPH-dependent coenzyme A-SS-glutathione reductase activity
obsolete cob(II)alamin reductase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 2 cob(I)alamin + H+ + NAD+ = 2 cob(II)alamin + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420 + H(2) + H+ = reduced coenzyme F420.
8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin-reducing hydrogenase activity
coenzyme F420-dependent hydrogenase activity
hydrogen:coenzyme F420 oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 columbamine + O2 = 2 berberine + 2 H2O.
columbamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (cyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-cysteine + NAD+ = L-cystine + H+ + NADH.
NADH-dependent cystine reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + lauroyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = (2S,3S)-2-hydroxytridecane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate + CoA + H+.
(2S,3S)-2-hydroxytridecane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate oxaloacetate-lyase (CoA-acylating)
(2S,3S)-2-hydroxytridecane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate oxaloacetate-lyase (CoA- acylating) activity
dodecanoyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-dodecanoyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, 1-carboxyundecyl-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + H2O + lauroyl-CoA = (3S,4S)-3-hydroxytetradecane-1,3,4-tricarboxylate + CoA + H+.
3-hydroxytetradecane-1,3,4-tricarboxylate 2-oxoglutarate-lyase (CoA-acylating)
3-hydroxytetradecane-1,3,4-tricarboxylate 2-oxoglutarate-lyase (CoA- acylating) activity
dodecanoyl-CoA:2-oxoglutarate C-dodecanoyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, 1-carboxyundecyl-forming)
ethanolamine-phosphate phospho-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phosphoethanolamine = acetaldehyde + NH4 + phosphate.
amino alcohol O-phosphate phospholyase activity
ethanolamine-phosphate phospho-lyase (deaminating; acetaldehyde-forming)
ethanolamine-phosphate phospho-lyase (deaminating)
O-phosphoethanolamine-phospholyase activity
O-phosphorylethanol-amine phospho-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + NAD+ + H2O = hydroxylamine + NADH + H+.
NADH:hydroxylamine oxidoreductase activity
NADH2:hydroxylamine oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxypyridine + O-acetyl-L-serine = 3-(3,4-dihydroxypyridinium-1-yl)-L-alanine + acetate.
3-O-acetyl-L-serine:3,4-dihydroxypyridine 1-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)transferase activity
O(3)-acetyl-L-serine acetate-lyase (adding 3,4-dihydroxypyridin-1-yl) activity
O3-acetyl-L-serine:3,4-dihydroxypyridine 1-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)transferase activity
O3-acetyl-L-serine acetate-lyase (adding 3,4-dihydroxypyridin-1-yl)
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + H2O = phosphate + N-acetylneuraminate.
N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (pyruvate-phosphorylating) activity
N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase activity
phosphoenolpyruvate:N-acetyl-D-mannosamine C-(1-carboxyvinyl)transferase (phosphate-hydrolysing, 2-carboxy-2-oxoethyl-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NAD(P)+ + H2O = nitrate + NAD(P)H + H+.
assimilatory NAD(P)H-nitrate reductase activity
NAD(P)H2:nitrate oxidoreductase activity
NAD(P)H bispecific nitrate reductase activity
nitrate reductase (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NADP+ + H2O = nitrate + NADPH + H+.
assimilatory NADPH-nitrate reductase activity
assimilatory reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-nitrate reductase activity
triphosphopyridine nucleotide-nitrate reductase activity
nitroquinoline-N-oxide reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(hydroxyamino)quinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)+ + H2O = 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+.
4-(hydroxyamino)quinoline N-oxide:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide reductase activity
NAD(P)H:4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide oxidoreductase activity
NAD(P)H2:4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide oxidoreductase activity
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with other acceptors
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which X-H and Y-H form X-Y and the acceptor is not disulfide or oxygen.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + pentalenene.
2-trans,6-trans-farnesyldiphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, pentalenene-forming)
2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, pentalenene-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-reticuline + O2 = (S)-scoulerine + H2O2 + H+.
(S)-reticuline:oxygen oxidoreductase (methylene-bridge-forming)
berberine-bridge-forming enzyme activity
tetrahydroprotoberberine synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H2O = diphosphate + sabinene hydrate.
geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, sabinene-hydrate-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + H2O + electron-transferring flavoprotein = dimethylamine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein.
trimethylamine:electron-transferring flavoprotein oxidoreductase (demethylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: O3-acetyl-L-serine + uracil = 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine + acetate.
3-O-acetyl-L-serine:uracil 1-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)transferase activity
O(3)-acetyl-L-serine acetate-lyase (adding uracil) activity
O3-acetyl-L-serine:uracil 1-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)transferase activity
O3-acetyl-L-serine acetate-lyase (adding uracil)
Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrozeatin + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + zeatin.
dihydrozeatin:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-(15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoate.
arachidonate:oxygen 15-oxidoreductase activity
arachidonate omega(6) lipoxygenase activity
arachidonate omega6 lipoxygenase activity
linoleic acid omega6-lipoxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol + 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde = (S)-norcoclaurine + H2O.
4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde hydro-lyase (adding dopamine)
4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde hydro-lyase [adding dopamine; (S)-norcoclaurine-forming]
acetylenedicarboxylate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + acetylenedicarboxylate = CO2 + pyruvate.
acetylenedicarboxylate carboxy-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
acetylenedicarboxylate carboxy-lyase activity
acetylenedicarboxylate hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-acyl-L-lysine = L-lysine + a carboxylate.
6-N-acyl-L-lysine amidohydrolase activity
N6-acyl-L-lysine amidohydrolase activity
obsolete anthranilate 3-monooxygenase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + anthranilate + O2 = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + O2 + (tetrahydrobiopterin/tetrahydropteridine) = 1-hydroxyalkyl-sn-glycerol + H2O + (dihydrobiopterin/dihydropteridine).
1-alkyl-sn-glycerol,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid + H2O = N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + H+.
3-(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate amidohydrolase activity
4(5)-imidazolone-5(4)-propionic acid hydrolase activity
imidazolone-5-propionate hydrolase activity
imidazolone propionic acid hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-mandelate + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + H2O. (S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate is also known as S-mandelate.
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating)
The controlled release of arachidonic acid from a cell or a tissue.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-IMP + H2O = inosine + phosphate.
IMP-GMP specific 5'-nucleotidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-GMP + H2O = guanosine + phosphate.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with a disulfide as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which X-H and Y-H form X-Y and the acceptor is disulfide.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with a disulphide as acceptor
intramolecular transferase activity, transferring hydroxy groups
Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxyl group from one position to another within a single molecule.
sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + sulfite = phosphate + sulfoacetaldehyde.
acetyl-phosphate:sulfite S-acetyltransferase (acyl-phosphate hydrolysing, 2-oxoethyl-forming)
sulphoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase activity
ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ecdysteroid = UDP + glucosyl-ecdysteroid.
ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyl/UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 1,4-lactone = a 4-hydroxyacid.
1,4-lactone hydroxyacylhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + sulcatol = H+ + NADH + sulcatone.
glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + sn-glycerol-1-phosphate = NAD(P)H + H+ + dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate.
sn-glycerol-1-phosphate:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-threonyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-threonyl ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a threonyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
GPI anchor anabolism via N-threonyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor formation via N-threonyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GPI anchor synthesis via N-threonyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
GSI anchor biosynthetic process via N-glycyl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
GSI anchor anabolism via N-glycyl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine
GSI anchor formation via N-glycyl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine
GSI anchor synthesis via N-glycyl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine
peptidyl-glycyl-phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked phosphatide following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond, as in the cleavage of arginine from the carboxy-terminal of Apg8 followed by its amidation with phosphatidylethanolamine.
peptidyl-glycyl-phosphatidylethanolamine anabolism from peptidyl-glycine
peptidyl-glycyl-phosphatidylethanolamine formation from peptidyl-glycine
peptidyl-glycyl-phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis from peptidyl-glycine
peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-omega-hydroxyceramide ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamine
The modification of peptidyl-glutamine residues by deamidation and esterification with omega-hydroxyceramide.
peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-omega-hydroxyceramide ester anabolism from peptidyl-glutamine
peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-omega-hydroxyceramide ester formation from peptidyl-glutamine
peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-omega-hydroxyceramide ester synthesis from peptidyl-glutamine
Catalysis of the transfer of an alkylthio group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
transferase activity, transferring alkylthio groups
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and the other dehydrogenated
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from 2-oxoglutarate and one other donor, and the latter donor is dehydrogenated.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with NAD(P)+ as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H.
1,3-beta-galactosyl-N-acetylhexosamine phosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate.
beta-1,3-galactosyl-N-acetylhexosamine phosphorylase activity
beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-hexosamine:phosphate galactosyltransferase activity
beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-hexosamine:phosphate galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucuronate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = [beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)](n) + 2n UDP.
alternating UDP-alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,3)-[nascent hyaluronan] 4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyltransferase and UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-[nascent hyaluronan] 3-beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase activity
alternating UDP-alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-[nascent hyaluronan] 4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyltransferase and UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[nascent hyaluronan] 3-beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase activity
cis-zeatin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-zeatin + UDP-D-glucose = O-beta-D-glucosyl-cis-zeatin + H+ + UDP.
cis-zeatin O-b-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:cis-zeatin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:cis-zeatin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
trehalose 6-phosphate phosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trehalose 6-phosphate + phosphate = glucose 6-phosphate + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
trehalose 6-phosphate:phosphate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
mannosyl-3-phosphoglycerate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-3-phosphoglycerate + GDP + H+.
GDP-mannose:3-phosphoglycerate 3-alpha-D-mannosyltransferase activity
hydroquinone glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: hydroquinone + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP.
hydroquinone:O-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPglucose:hydroquinone-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:hydroquinone-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + vomilenine = H+ + raucaffricine + UDP.
UDPG:vomilenine 21beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDPG:vomilenine 21-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:vomilenine 21-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
indoxyl-UDPG glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: indoxyl + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + indican + UDP.
indoxyl-UDPG-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:indoxyl 3-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan + UDP.
alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II activity
glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-a-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
glucuronyl-N-acetylglucosaminylproteoglycan alpha-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP.
heparan glucuronyltransferase II activity
N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-b-glucuronosyltransferase activity
N-acetylglucosaminylproteoglycan beta-1,4-glucuronyltransferase activity
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate:N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity
N-acetylgalactosaminyl-proteoglycan 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP.
alpha-D-glucuronate:N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity
chondroitin glucuronyltransferase II activity
N-acetylgalactosaminyl-proteoglycan 3-b-glucuronosyltransferase activity
undecaprenyldiphospho-muramoylpentapeptide beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol + UDP.
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramyl(oyl-L-Ala- gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminlytransferase activity
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide) pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenol N-acetylglucosamine transferase activity
undecaprenyldiphospho-muramoylpentapeptide b-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
undecaprenyl-PP-MurNAc-pentapeptide-UDPGlcNAc GlcNAc transferase activity
lactosylceramide 4-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-galactose = alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.
Gal-beta-(1,4)-Glc-beta-1-Cer alpha-(1,4)-galactosyltransferase activity
Gal-beta-1,4-Glc-beta-1-Cer alpha-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity
globotriaosylceramide/CD77 synthase activity
histo-blood group P(k) UDP-galactose activity
lactosylceramide 4-a-galactosyltransferase activity
UDP-galactose:lactosylceramide 4II-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity
glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + UDP-alpha-D-xylose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-[beta-D-xylosyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + H+ + UDP.
glycoprotein 2-b-D-xylosyltransferase activity
homospermidine synthase (spermidine-specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: spermidine + putrescine = sym-homospermidine + propane-1,3-diamine.
spermidine:putrescine 4-aminobutyltransferase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming)
4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol + ATP = 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase activity
4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase activity
ATP:4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphotransferase activity
obsolete inositol polyphosphate multikinase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate, and ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate.
obsolete inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate, and ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate (isomeric configuration unknown).
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate + CTP = 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol + diphosphate.
4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol synthase activity
4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol synthase activity
CTP:2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: apo-citrate lyase + 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA = diphosphate + holo-citrate lyase.
2'-(5''-phosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA transferase activity
2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA:apo-citrate lyase activity
2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA:apo-citrate lyase adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + choline = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CMP + H+.
CDP-diacylglycerol:choline O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDPdiglyceride-choline O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
CDP-diglyceride-choline O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + alpha-glucan + H2O = AMP + phospho-alpha-glucan + phosphate.
ATP:alpha-glucan, water phosphotransferase activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with other known acceptors
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which phosphorus or arsenic acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a known acceptor other than disulfide, NAD or NADP.
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with other acceptors
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which phosphorus or arsenic acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an acceptor other than disulfide, NAD or NADP.
coenzyme-B sulfoethylthiotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + methyl-coenzyme M = coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide + methane. Methyl-CoM is also known as 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonate, coenzyme B as N-(7-mercaptoheptanoyl)threonine 3-O-phosphate, and coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide as CoM-S-S-CoB.
2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonate:N-(7-thioheptanoyl)-3-O-phosphothreonine S-(2-sulfoethyl)thiotransferase activity
coenzyme-B sulphoethylthiotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cutin + H2O = cutin monomers.
poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](n) = poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](x) + poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](n-x); x is 1-5.
poly((R)-hydroxyalkanoic acid) depolymerase activity
poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] hydrolase activity
poly[(R)-hydroxyalkanoic acid] depolymerase
poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) depolymerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](n) = poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](x) + poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](n-x); x is 1-5.
poly((R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate) hydrolase activity
poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate] hydrolase activity
poly{oxycarbonyl[(R)-2-pentylethylene]} hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(acyloxy)acyl group of bacterial toxin = 3-hydroxyacyl group of bacterial toxin + a fatty acid.
polyneuridine-aldehyde esterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + polyneuridine aldehyde = 16-epivellosimine + CO2 + methanol.
polyneuridine aldehyde esterase activity
polyneuridine aldehyde hydrolase (decarboxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = 2-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-sn-glycerol + phosphate.
2-(beta-D-glucosyl)-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
mannosyl-3-phosphoglycerate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-3-phosphoglycerate + H2O = 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate + phosphate.
alpha-D-mannosyl-3-phosphoglycerate phosphohydrolase activity
2-phosphosulfolactate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-O-phospho-3-sulfolactate + H2O = (R)-3-sulfolactate + phosphate.
(2R)-phosphosulfolactate phosphohydrolase activity
(R)-2-phospho-3-sulfolactate phosphohydrolase activity
2-phosphosulpholactate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = phosphate + 1L-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate.
myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate 5-phosphohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-deoxyoctulosonyl-lipopolysaccharide + H2O = 3-deoxyoctulosonic acid + lipopolysaccharide.
3-deoxyoctulosonyl-lipopolysaccharide hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 6-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O = 6-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranose + an alcohol.
6-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside 6-O-(beta-D-xylosyl)-beta-D-glucohydrolase activity
(S)-N-acetyl-1-phenylethylamine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylphenylethylamine + H2O = acetate + phenylethylamine.
(S)-N-acetyl-1-phenylethylamine amidohydrolase activity
(S)-N-acetylphenylethylamine:H2O hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mandelamide + H2O = (R)-mandelate + NH4.
Pseudomonas mandelamide hydrolase activity
N-carbamoyl-L-amino-acid hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-L-2-amino acid + H2O = L-2-amino acid + NH3 + CO2. The N-carbamoyl-L-2-amino acid is a 2-ureido carboxylate.
N-carbamoyl-L-amino acid amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + maleimide = H+ + maleamate.
cyclic-imide amidohydrolase (decyclicizing)
cyclic-imide amidohydrolase (decyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminomuconate + H2O + H+ = (Z)-5-oxohex-2-enedioate + NH4.
beta,beta-carotene-9',10'-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + O2 = beta-apo-10'-carotenal + beta-ionone.
b,b-carotene-9',10'-dioxygenase activity
Binding to icosanoids, any C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids or their derivatives, including the leukotrienes and the prostanoids.
Binding to icosatetraenoic acid, any straight-chain fatty acid with twenty carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule.
Binding to arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfopyruvate + H+ = CO2 + sulfoacetaldehyde.
sulfopyruvate carboxy-lyase (2-sulfoacetaldehyde-forming)
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H+ = (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + CO2.
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate carboxy-lyase (4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde-forming)
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate carboxy-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanoyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + vanillin.
3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanoyl-CoA vanillin-lyase (acetyl-CoA-forming)
3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionyl-CoA:vanillin lyase (acetyl-CoA-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-feruloyl-CoA + H2O = 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-beta-hydroxypropionyl-CoA.
4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-beta-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA hydro-lyase (trans-feruloyl-CoA-forming)
cyclohexyl-isocyanide hydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclohexylformamide + H+ = cyclohexyl isocyanide + H2O.
N-cyclohexylformamide hydro-lyase (cyclohexyl-isocyanide-forming)
N-cyclohexylformamide hydro-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = pinene + diphosphate.
geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, pinene-forming)
geranyldiphosphate diphosphate lyase (pinene forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = diphosphate + myrcene.
geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (myrcene-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (4S)-limonene + diphosphate.
geranyldiphosphate diphosphate lyase (limonene forming)
geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [cyclizing, (-)-(4S)-limonene-forming]
geranyldiphosphate diphosphate lyase [cyclizing, (4S)-limonene-forming]
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = diphosphate + taxa-4,11-diene.
geranylgeranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, taxa-4,11-diene-forming)
geranylgeranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, taxadiene-forming)
taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = (-)-abietadiene + diphosphate.
(+)-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, (-)-abietadiene-forming)
copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing)
Catalysis of the reactions: (R)-2-hydroxypropyl-CoM = H-S-CoM + (R)-1,2-epoxypropane, and (S)-2-hydroxypropyl-CoM = H-S-CoM + (S)-1,2-epoxypropane.
(R)-[or (S)-]2-hydroxypropyl-CoM:2-mercaptoethanesulfonate lyase (epoxyalkane-ring-forming)
(R)-2-hydroxypropyl-CoM 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate lyase (cyclizing; epoxyalkane-ring-forming)
2-hydroxypropyl-CoM:2-mercaptoethanesulfonate lyase (epoxyalkane-ring-forming)
epoxyalkane:2-mercaptoethanesulfonate transferase activity
epoxyalkane:coenzyme M transferase activity
epoxypropane:coenzyme M transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: deacetylisoipecoside + H2O = dopamine + secologanin.
deacetylisoipecoside dopamine-lyase (secologanin-forming)
deacetylisoipecoside dopamine-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: deacetylipecoside + H2O = dopamine + secologanin.
deacetylipecoside dopamine-lyase (secologanin-forming)
deacetylipecoside dopamine-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-maltose = beta-maltose.
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = (+)-copalyl diphosphate.
(+)-copalyl-diphosphate lyase (decyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Asx) + L-aspartate + ATP = aspartyl-tRNA(Asx) + diphosphate + AMP.
L-aspartate:tRNAAsx ligase (AMP-forming)
nondiscriminating aspartyl-tRNA synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Glx) + L-glutamate + ATP = glutamyl-tRNA(Glx) + diphosphate + AMP.
L-glutamate:tRNAGlx ligase (AMP-forming)
nondiscriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Pyl) + L-lysine + ATP = L-lysyl-tRNA(Pyl) + diphosphate + AMP.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + trans-ferulate = (E)-feruloyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate.
trans-ferulate:CoASH ligase (ATP-hydrolysing)
N-(5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminoadipate + L-cysteine + L-valine + 3 ATP + H2O = N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + 3 AMP + 3 diphosphate + 6 H+.
L-2-aminohexanedioate:L-cysteine:L-valine ligase (AMP-forming, valine-inverting)
L-alpha-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine synthetase activity
L-delta-(alpha-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N2-citryl-N6-acetyl-N6-hydroxy-L-lysine + N6-acetyl-N6-hydroxy-L-lysine = aerobactin + AMP + diphosphate + H+.
citrate:6-N-acetyl-6-N-hydroxy-L-lysine ligase (ADP-forming)
citrate:N6-acetyl-N6-hydroxy-L-lysine ligase (ADP-forming)
asparaginyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + aspartyl-tRNA(Asn) + ATP = L-glutamate + asparaginyl-tRNA(Asn) + phosphate + ADP.
asparaginyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
aspartyl-tRNA(Asn) amidotransferase activity
aspartyl-tRNAAsn:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)
aspartyl-tRNAAsn amidotransferase activity
Asp-tRNAAsn:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)
glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) + ATP = L-glutamate + glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln) + phosphate + ADP.
glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase activity
glutamyl-tRNAGln:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)
glutamyl-tRNAGln amidotransferase activity
Glu-tRNAGln:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamine + H2O = protein L-glutamate + NH3.
protein-L-glutamine amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycolaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = glycolate + 2 H+ + NADH.
glycolaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
4-hydroxythreonine-4-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(phosphonooxy)-threonine + NAD+ = 2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutyrate + NADH + H+.
4-(phosphohydroxy)-L-threonine dehydrogenase activity
4-(phosphonooxy)-L-threonine:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
L-threonine 4-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
NAD(+)-dependent threonine 4-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
NAD+-dependent threonine 4-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol + NADP+ = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + H+ + NADPH.
1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-idonate + NAD(P)+ = 5-dehydrogluconate + NAD(P)H + H+.
L-idonate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxyglucose reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-D-fucose + NADP+ = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H+ + NADPH.
dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose reductase activity
dTDP-D-fucose:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
2-(R)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(R)-hydroxypropyl-coenzyme M + NAD+ = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + H+ + NADH.
2-(2-(R)-hydroxypropylthio)ethanesulfonate dehydrogenase activity
2-[2-(R)-hydroxypropylthio]ethanesulfonate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-coenzyme M + NAD+ = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + H+ + NADH.
2-(2-(S)-hydroxypropylthio)ethanesulfonate dehydrogenase activity
2-[2-(S)-hydroxypropylthio]ethanesulfonate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + NAD+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NADH + H+.
GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-mannose-3,5-epimerase-4-reductase activity
GDP-L-fucose:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase (3,5-epimerizing)
(R)-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-sulfolactate + NAD(P)+ = 3-sulfopyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+.
(R)-2-hydroxyacid:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
(R)-sulfolactate:NAD(P)(+) oxidoreductase activity
(R)-sulfolactate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deoxysarpagine + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + vellosimine.
10-deoxysarpagine:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
2,5-didehydrogluconate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADP+ = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.
2,5-diketo-D-gluconate reductase activity
2-dehydro-D-gluconate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: mannitol + O2 = mannose + H2O2.
mannitol:oxygen oxidoreductase (cyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: xylitol + O2 = xylose + H2O2.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + H2 = NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9Z,11S,12Z)-11-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.
linoleate:oxygen 11S-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = 4-hydroxymandelate + CO2.
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase II activity
3-hydroxy-2-methylquinolin-4-one 2,4-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-one + H+ + O2 = N-acetylanthranilate + CO.
(1H)-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase activity
1H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase activity
1H-3-hydroxy-4-oxo quinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase activity
3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1H-quinolin-4-one 2,4-dioxygenase (CO-forming)
3-hydroxy-2-methyl-quinolin-4-one 2,4-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: chloride + O2 = chlorite.
apo-beta-carotenoid-14',13'-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 8'-apo-beta-carotenol + O2 = (E,E)-7-hydroxy-6-methylhepta-3,5-dienal + 14'-apo-beta-carotenal.
8'-apo-beta-carotenol:O2 oxidoreductase activity
apo-b-carotenoid-14',13'-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: leucocyanidin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis- or trans-dihydroquercetin + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O.
leucocyanidin,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
desacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: desacetoxyvindoline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = desacetylvindoline + succinate + CO2.
deacetoxyvindoline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (4beta-hydroxylating)
desacetoxyvindoline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (4beta-hydroxylating)
desacetoxyvindoline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-beta-hydroxylating) activity
desacetoxyvindoline-4-hydroxylase activity
desacetyoxyvindoline-17-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + quinine = 3-hydroxyquinine + H2O + NADP+.
quinine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (Z)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde oxime + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile + 2 H2O + NADP+.
(Z)-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
4-hydroxybenzeneacetaldehyde oxime monooxygenase activity
4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
cytochrome P450II-dependent monooxygenase activity
cytochrome P450-II-dependent monooxygenase activity
NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CYP71E1)
N-methylcoclaurine 3'-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-N-methylcoclaurine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (S)-3'-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine + H2O + NADP+.
(S)-N-methylcoclaurine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3'-hydroxylating)
(S)-N-methylcoclaurine 3'-hydroxylase activity
N-methylcoclaurine 3'-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + tabersonine = 16-hydroxytabersonine + H2O + NADP+.
tabersonine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (16-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: 7-deoxyloganin + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + loganin + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + vinorine = H2O + NADP+ + vomilenine.
vinorine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (21alpha-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate = 10beta-hydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate + H2O + NADP+.
5-alpha-taxadienol-10-beta-hydroxylase activity
taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (10beta-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol = H2O + NADP+ + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha,13alpha-diol.
taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (13alpha-hydroxylating)
deacetoxycephalosporin-C synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + penicillin N = CO2 + deacetoxycephalosporin C + H2O + succinate.
deacetoxycephalosporin C synthetase activity
penicillin-N,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (ring-expanding)
Catalysis of the reaction: an 11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = an (11E)-delta11-fatty acyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.
myristoyl-CoA 11-(E) desaturase activity
obsolete monoprenyl isoflavone epoxidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + 7-O-methylluteone = H2O + NADP+ + dihydrofurano derivatives.
thiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + thiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA = 5-hydroxythiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA + A + H2O + H+.
thiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA, hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
thiophene-2-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
thiophene-2-carboxyl-CoA hydroxylase activity
thiophene-2-carboxyl-CoA monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + taxa-4,11-diene = A + H2O + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol.
taxa-4,11-diene,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (5alpha-hydroxylating)
Catalysis of the reaction: superoxide + reduced rubredoxin + 2 H+ = H2O2 + rubredoxin.
rubredoxin:superoxide oxidoreductase activity
4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal + NADP+ = 2-oxo-2H-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate + H+ + NADPH.
2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconate 6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
4-carboxy-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate-6-semialdehyde:NADP(+) oxidoreductase activity
4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
alpha-hydroxy-gamma-carboxymuconic epsilon-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: formaldehyde + mycothiol + NAD+ = S-formylmycothiol + NADH + H+.
formaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (mycothiol-formylating)
NAD/factor-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + vanillin = 2 H+ + NADH + vanillate.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + phosphonate = 2 H+ + NADH + phosphate.
NAD-dependent phosphite dehydrogenas activity
phosphonate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + H+ + methylarsonate = glutathione disulfide + H2O + methylarsonous acid.
glutathione:methylarsonate oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + arsenite + 2 oxidized azurin = 2 H+ + 2 reduced azurin + arsenate.
Catalysis of the reaction: A + arsenite + H2O = AH(2) + arsenate + 2 H+.
arsenate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
arsenate:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol = NADPH + H+ + 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3-beta-ol.
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol:NADP+ delta14-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3-beta-ol = NADPH + H+ + 5-alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3-beta-ol.
sterol:NADP+ delta24-oxidoreductase activity
1,2-dihydrovomilenine reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 17-O-acetylnorajmaline + NADP+ = 1,2-dihydrovomilenine + H+ + NADPH.
17-O-acetylnorajmaline:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: loganin + NADPH + H+ + O2 = secologanin + NADP+ + 2 H2O.
loganin:oxygen oxidoreductase (ring-cleaving)
15,16-dihydrobiliverdin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.
phycoerythrobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phycoerythrobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + reduced ferredoxin.
(3Z)-phycoerythrobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
phytochromobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phytochromobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.
(3Z)-phytochromobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phycocyanobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.
(3Z)-phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = alpha,beta-didehydrotryptophan + H2O2 + H+.
L-tryptophan:oxygen alpha,beta-oxidoreductase activity
L-tryptophan alpha,beta-dehydrogenase activity
glycine dehydrogenase (cyanide-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + 2 A = HCN + CO2 + 2 AH2.
glycine:acceptor oxidoreductase (hydrogen-cyanide-forming)
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-canadine + 2 NADP+ = berberine + H+ + 2 NADPH.
(R)-tetrahydroberberine:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydrovomilenine + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + vomilenine.
1,2-dihydrovomilenine:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone + 2 H+ + NADH = benzene-1,2,4-triol + NAD+.
1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene:NAD oxidoreductase activity
2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone:NADH oxidoreductase activity
NADH:2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone oxidoreductase activity
trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + 2 (ferricytochrome c)-subunit + H2O = trimethylamine-N-oxide + 2 (ferrocytochrome c)-subunit + 2 H+.
trimethylamine:cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + mycothiol = NAD(P)H + H+ + mycothione.
mycothiol:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
2-oxopropyl-CoM reductase (carboxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + coenzyme M + NADP+ = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + CO2 + NADPH.
2-mercaptoethanesulfonate,acetoacetate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
NADPH:2-(2-ketopropylthio)ethanesulfonate oxidoreductase/carboxylase activity
NADPH:2-ketopropyl-coenzyme M oxidoreductase/carboxylase activity
tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trichloroethene + chloride + acceptor = tetrachloroethene + reduced acceptor.
acceptor:trichloroethene oxidoreductase (chlorinating)
(iso)eugenol O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoeugenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + isomethyleugenol.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:isoeugenol O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2 NADPH + palmatine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + corydaline + 2 NADP+.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protoberberine 13-C-methyltransferase activity
propionyl-CoA C2-trimethyltridecanoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA = 3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA.
4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA:propanoyl-CoA 2-C-4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyltransferase activity
4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA:propanoyl-CoA C2-4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyltransferase activity
peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl coenzyme A thiolase
peroxisome sterol carrier protein thiolase
propionyl-CoA C(2)-trimethyltridecanoyltransferase activity
sterol carrier protein X-related thiolase activity
acetyl-CoA C-myristoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myristoyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = 3-oxopalmitoyl-CoA + CoA.
3-oxopalmitoyl-CoA-CoA acetyltransferase activity
myristoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-myristoyltransferase activity
myristoyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase activity
phloroisovalerophenone synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: isovaleryl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA = 4 CoASH + 3 CO2 + 3-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)butan-1-one.
3-methyl-1-(trihydroxyphenyl)butan-1-one synthase activity
isovaleryl-CoA:malonyl-CoA acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylanthranilyl-CoA + 3 H+ + 3 malonyl-CoA = 1,3-dihydroxy-N-methylacridone + 3 CO2 + 4 CoA + H2O.
malonyl-CoA:N-methylanthraniloyl-CoA malonyltransferase (cyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: 16-epivellosimine + acetyl-CoA = CoA + vinorine.
acyl-CoA:16-epivellosimine O-acetyltransferase (cyclizing)
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + acetyl-CoA + 18 H+ + 8 malonyl-CoA + 11 NADPH = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 8 CO2 + 9 CoA + dihydromonacolin L + 6 H2O + 11 NADP+.
acyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl-reducing, thioester-hydrolysing)
taxadien-5-alpha-ol O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol = CoA + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate.
acetyl-CoA:taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol O-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl coenzyme A:taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5-alpha-ol O-acetyl transferase activity
acetyl coenzyme A: taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5alpha-ol O-acetyl transferase activity
taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5alpha-ol-O-acetyltransferase activity
taxadien-5alpha-ol O-acetyltransferase activity
taxadien-5a-ol O-acetyltransferase activity
10-hydroxytaxane O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-desacetyltaxuyunnanin C + acetyl-CoA = CoA + taxuyunnanin C.
acetyl-CoA:taxan-10beta-ol O-acetyltransferase
acetyl coenzyme A:10-hydroxytaxane O-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl coenzyme A: 10-hydroxytaxane O-acetyltransferase activity
isopenicillin-N N-acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + isopenicillin N + H2O = CoA + penicillin G + L-2-aminohexanedioate.
acyl-CoA:isopenicillin N N-acyltransferase activity
acyl-coenzyme A:6-aminopenicillanic-acid-acyltransferase activity
acyl-coenzyme A:isopenicillin N acyltransferase activity
isopenicillin N:acyl-CoA acyltransferase activity
isopenicillin-N acyltransferase activity
6-methylsalicylic acid synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + 3 H+ + 3 malonyl-CoA + NADPH = 6-methylsalicylate + 3 CO2 + 4 CoA + H2O + NADP+.
acyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl-reducing, thioester-hydrolysing and cyclizing)
2-alpha-hydroxytaxane 2-O-benzoyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III + benzoyl-CoA = 10-deacetylbaccatin III + CoA.
2a-hydroxytaxane 2-O-benzoyltransferase activity
2alpha-hydroxytaxane 2-O-benzoyltransferase activity
2-debenzoyl-7,13-diacetylbaccatin III-2-O-benzoyl transferase activity
benzoyl-CoA:taxan-2alpha-ol O-benzoyltransferase activity
benzoyl-CoA:taxane 2alpha-O-benzoyltransferase activity
benzoyl-CoA:taxane 2-alpha-O-benzoyltransferase activity
10-deacetylbaccatin III 10-O-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deacetylbaccatin III + acetyl-CoA = baccatin III + CoA.
cis-p-coumarate glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = 4'-O-beta-D-glucosyl-cis-4-coumarate + H+ + UDP.
UDP-glucose:cis-p-coumarate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + limonin = glucosyl-limonin + UDP.
limonoid UDP-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-limonoid glucosyltransferase activity
5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatetraenoic acid binding
Binding to 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatetraenoic acid, a straight-chain fatty acid with twenty carbon atoms and four double bonds.
5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid binding
5-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatetraenoic acid binding
Binding to 5-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatetraenoic acid, a straight-chain fatty acid with twenty carbon atoms and four double bonds.
5-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid binding
5(S)-hydroxyperoxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatetraenoic acid binding
Binding to 5(S)-hydroxyperoxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatetraenoic acid, a straight-chain fatty acid with twenty carbon atoms and four double bonds.
5(S)-hydroxyperoxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid binding
testosterone 6-beta-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + donor-H2 + O2 = 6-beta-hydroxytestosterone + H2O.
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan anabolism
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan formation
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesis
chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis
chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
dermatan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are dermatan sulfate (chondroitin sulfate B). Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.
chondroitin sulfate B proteoglycan biosynthesis
chondroitin sulfate B proteoglycan biosynthetic process
dermatan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis
dermatan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis
dermatan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
dermatan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
The elongation of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan chains by alternate addition of N-acetylhexosamine and GlcUA residues to the GAG-protein linkage region tetrasaccharide of dermatan sulfate.
chondroitin sulfate B proteoglycan biosynthesis, polysaccharide chain biosynthesis
chondroitin sulfate B proteoglycan biosynthesis, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
chondroitin sulfate B proteoglycan chain elongation
dermatan sulfate proteoglycan anabolism, polysaccharide chain anabolism
dermatan sulfate proteoglycan chain elongation
dermatan sulfate proteoglycan formation, polysaccharide chain biosynthesis
dermatan sulfate proteoglycan formation, polysaccharide chain formation
dermatan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis, polysaccharide chain synthesis
dermatan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis, polysaccharide chain biosynthesis
dermatan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
The elongation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan chains by alternate addition of N-acetylhexosamine and GlcUA residues to the GAG-protein linkage region tetrasaccharide of chondroitin sulfate.
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan anabolism, polysaccharide chain anabolism
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan chain elongation
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan formation, polysaccharide chain biosynthesis
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan formation, polysaccharide chain formation
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesis, polysaccharide chain synthesis
chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis, polysaccharide chain biosynthesis
chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan metabolism
chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan metabolic process
chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan metabolism
dermatan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are dermatan sulfate (chondroitin sulfate B). Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.
chondroitin sulfate B proteoglycan metabolic process
chondroitin sulfate B proteoglycan metabolism
dermatan sulfate proteoglycan metabolism
dermatan sulphate proteoglycan metabolic process
dermatan sulphate proteoglycan metabolism
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate binding
Binding to 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate binding
adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate binding
The directed movement of nucleic acids, single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of RNA, ribonucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reactions: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + dermatan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + dermatan 6'-sulfate and 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 6'-sulfate.
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:dermatan 6'-sulfotransferase activity
N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulphotransferase activity
Binding to FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in either the oxidized form, FAD, or the reduced form, FADH2.
Binding to nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NADP+, or the reduced form, NADPH.
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a coenzyme, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, oxygen as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH, oxygen as acceptor
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.
regulation of homocysteine metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid. Homocysteine is an important intermediate in the metabolic reactions of its S-methyl derivative, methionine.
positive regulation of homocysteine metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine.
activation of homocysteine metabolic process
positive regulation of Hcy metabolic process
positive regulation of homocysteine metabolism
stimulation of homocysteine metabolic process
upregulation of homocysteine metabolic process
up regulation of homocysteine metabolic process
up-regulation of homocysteine metabolic process
negative regulation of homocysteine metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine.
downregulation of homocysteine metabolic process
down regulation of homocysteine metabolic process
down-regulation of homocysteine metabolic process
inhibition of homocysteine metabolic process
negative regulation of Hcy metabolic process
negative regulation of homocysteine metabolism
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.
positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.
upregulation of lymphocyte proliferation
up regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
up-regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.
downregulation of lymphocyte proliferation
down regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
down-regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances.
The multiplication or reproduction of urothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Urothelial cells make up a layer of transitional epithelium in the wall of the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis, external to the lamina propria.
regulation of urothelial cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.
negative regulation of urothelial cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.
downregulation of urothelial cell proliferation
down regulation of urothelial cell proliferation
down-regulation of urothelial cell proliferation
inhibition of urothelial cell proliferation
positive regulation of urothelial cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.
activation of urothelial cell proliferation
stimulation of urothelial cell proliferation
upregulation of urothelial cell proliferation
up regulation of urothelial cell proliferation
up-regulation of urothelial cell proliferation
regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
activation of epithelial cell proliferation
stimulation of epithelial cell proliferation
upregulation of epithelial cell proliferation
up regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
up-regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
downregulation of epithelial cell proliferation
down regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
down-regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation
Binding to an AF-2 protein domain, a highly conserved ligand-dependent transactivation domain which is essential for receptor-mediated transcriptional activation.
Binding to an AF-1 protein domain, a ligand-independent transactivation domain which is required for the full transcriptional activity of the receptor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing, those processes involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into a mature mRNA prior to its translation into polypeptide.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing.
negative regulation of defense response to virus
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of antiviral mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication.
negative regulation of antiviral response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the antiviral response of a cell or organism.
negative regulation of defense response to virus by host
Any host process that results in the inhibition of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation of antiviral response by host
down regulation of antiviral response by host
down-regulation of antiviral response by host
inhibition of antiviral response by host
negative regulation by host of antiviral response
negative regulation of antiviral response by host
regulation of defense response to virus by host
Any host process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the antiviral response of a host cell or organism.
regulation by host of antiviral response
regulation of antiviral response by host
Binding to a protein's DNA binding domain (DBD).
Binding to a protein's ligand binding domain (LBD) domain, found in nuclear receptors. In general, the LBDs consist of three layers comprised of twelve alpha-helices and several beta-strands that are organized around a lipophilic ligand-binding pocket.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyllactosamine + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 3-sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate. N-acetyllactosamine residues are found in a number of different carbohydrate types. N-acetyllactosamine can also be written as Gal-beta-(1,4)-GlcNAc.
galactose 3-O-sulphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzoylformate = benzaldehyde + CO2.
benzoylformate carboxy-lyase (benzaldehyde-forming)
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trichloroethylene, a toxic, colorless, photoreactive, chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid, commonly used as a metal degreaser and solvent.
1,1,2-trichloroethene reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trichloroethene + 2 H+ + 2 e- = HCl + 1,2-dichloroethene.
1,1,2-trichloroethylene reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + proteoglycan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + proteoglycan sulfate. A proteoglycan is a glycoprotein whose carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
Binding to a WW domain of a protein, a small module composed of 40 amino acids and plays a role in mediating protein-protein interactions via proline-rich regions.
Binding to a CARD (N-terminal caspase recruitment) domain, a protein-protein interaction domain that belongs to the death domain-fold superfamily. These protein molecule families are similar in structure with each consisting of six or seven anti-parallel alpha-helices that form highly specific homophilic interactions between signaling partners. CARD exists in the N-terminal prodomains of several caspases and in apoptosis-regulatory proteins and mediates the assembly of CARD-containing proteins that participate in activation or suppression of CARD carrying members of the caspase family.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.
negative regulation of protein secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.
positive regulation of protein secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents.
negative regulation of inflammatory response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.
down regulation of inflammatory response
down-regulation of inflammatory response
positive regulation of inflammatory response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.
regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
activation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
stimulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
upregulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
up regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
up-regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
downregulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
down regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
down-regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
inhibition of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
Binding to an RS domain of a protein; RS domains are usually highly phosphorylated and characterized by the presence of arginine (R)/serine (S) dipeptides. The RS domain promotes protein-protein interactions and directs subcellular localization and, in certain situations, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of individual SR proteins. They also play a role in splicing.
Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxycinnamoyl group to an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxycinnamoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a fructosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
peptide cross-linking via S-[5'-(L-tryptoph-6'-yl)-L-tyrosin-3'-yl]-L-methionin-S-ium
The cross-linking of a tyrosine residue to a tryptophan residue and a methionine residue to form S-[5'-(L-tryptoph-6'-yl)-L-tyrosin-3'-yl]-L-methionin-S-ium.
obsolete protein-FMN linkage via O3-riboflavin phosphoryl-L-threonine
OBSOLETE. The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via O3-riboflavin phosphoryl-L-threonine.
obsolete protein-FMN linkage via O3-riboflavin phosphoryl-L-serine
OBSOLETE. The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via O3-riboflavin phosphoryl-L-serine.
obsolete protein-FMN linkage via S-(4a-FMN)-L-cysteine
OBSOLETE. The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via S-(4a-FMN)-L-cysteine.
obsolete protein-FMN linkage via 1'-(8alpha-FMN)-L-histidine
OBSOLETE. The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via 1'-(8alpha-FMN)-L-histidine.
obsolete protein-FMN linkage via 3'-(8alpha-FMN)-L-histidine
OBSOLETE. The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via 3'-(8alpha-FMN)-L-histidine.
peptide cross-linking via L-cysteinyl-5-imidazolinone glycine
The formation of a protein active site cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue N, a cysteine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+2, a glycine, coupled with the formation of a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+1 which loses one hydrogen, and the loss of a molecule of water.
regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoproteins, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
positive regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoproteins, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
activation of lipoprotein metabolic process
positive regulation of lipoprotein metabolism
stimulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
upregulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
up regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
up-regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoproteins, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
downregulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
down regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
down-regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
inhibition of lipoprotein metabolic process
negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolism
obsolete apolipoprotein E receptor binding
OBSOLETE. Interacting selectively with an apolipoprotein E receptor.
low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
Binding to a low-density lipoprotein receptor.
low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
obsolete thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme thymidylate synthase, which catalyzes the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP = dihydrofolate + dTMP.
obsolete regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme thymidylate synthase.
obsolete positive regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme thymidylate synthase.
obsolete negative regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme thymidylate synthase.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving depsipeptides, a linear or cyclic compound composed of both amino acids and hydroxy acids in peptide and ester bonds respectively.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of depsipeptides, a linear or cyclic compound composed of both amino acids and hydroxy acids in peptide and ester bonds respectively.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of depsipeptides, a linear or cyclic compound composed of both amino acids and hydroxy acids in peptide and ester bonds respectively.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the process in which phagocytes engulf external particulate material.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.
negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.
downregulation of dendrite morphogenesis
down regulation of dendrite morphogenesis
down-regulation of dendrite morphogenesis
positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
Any process that decreases the stability of an RNA molecule, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes.
ortho-trichlorophenol reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trichlorophenol + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2,4-dichlorophenol + HCl.
2,4,6-TCP reductive dehalogenase activity
2,4,6-trichlorophenol reductive dehalogenase activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose (out) = galactose(in).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.
advanced glycation end-product receptor activity
Combining with advanced glycation end-products and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) form from a series of chemical reactions after an initial glycation event (a non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and free amino groups of proteins).
Binding to a RAGE receptor, the receptor for advanced glycation end-products.
advanced glycation end-product receptor binding
Any process that reduce or remove the toxicity of mercuric ion. These include transport of mercury away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of mercury ion and/or reduction of mercury ion (Hg[II]) to metallic mercury (Hg[0]).
The process of binding or confining toxic mercury ions or atoms such that they are separated from sensitive components of a biological system.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the viral life cycle, the set of processes by which a virus reproduces and spreads among hosts.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
regulation of cellular physiological process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP + NADPH + H+ = dTMP + tetrahydrofolate + NADP+.
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate,FADH2:dUMP C-methyltransferase activity
flavin dependent thymidylate synthase activity
The expansion of a T cell population following activation by an antigenic stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.
obsolete hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, acting on GTP, involved in cellular and subcellular movement
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of GTP to directly drive the cellular or subcellular transport of a substance.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic ions within an organism or cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.
negative regulation of crystal formation
The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is asleep.
regulation of synapse structure or activity
Any process that modulates the physical form or the activity of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates the frequency or amplitude of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. Amplitude, in this case, refers to the change in postsynaptic membrane potential due to a single instance of synaptic transmission.
regulation of chemical synaptic transmission
negative regulation of synaptic transmission
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
down regulation of synaptic transmission
down-regulation of synaptic transmission
positive regulation of synaptic transmission
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).
regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).
Binding to diazepam, one of the most widely used benzodiazepine drugs. It is used as an anti-anxiety-hypnotic agent and has the proprietary name Valium.
regulation of steroid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
Binding to a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) receptor.
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor binding
regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving epothilone, a drug obtained from the myxobacteria Sporangium cellulosum that interferes with cell division. Some epothilones are being studied as treatments for cancer.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of epothilone, a drug obtained from the myxobacteria Sporangium cellulosum that interferes with cell division. Some epothilones are being studied as treatments for cancer.
Binding to a phosphorylated serine residue within a protein.
Binding to a phosphorylated threonine residue within a protein.
The process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation, the process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation.
Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation.
positive regulation of protein stability
Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a peptide and preventing it from being degraded.
Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a peptide antigen and preventing it from being degraded.
Binding to ice, water reduced to the solid state by cold temperature. It is a white or transparent colorless substance, crystalline, brittle, and viscoidal.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.
defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-negative bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
defence response to Gram-positive bacteria
defence response to Gram-positive bacterium
defense response to Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-positive antibacterial peptide activity
male-specific defense response to bacterium
A set of reactions, specific to males, that are triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
male-specific antibacterial peptide activity
male-specific defence response to bacteria
male-specific defence response to bacterium
male-specific defense response to bacteria
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a fungus that act to protect the cell or organism.
defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction
resistance response to pathogenic fungus
pyruvate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide
The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl S-adenosylmethion-N,O-diyl tetrairon tetrasulfide
The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl S-adenosylmethion-N,O-diyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.
iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-arginyl diiron disulfide
The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-arginyl diiron disulfide.
peptide cross-linking via L-cysteinyl-L-selenocysteine
The formation of a selenide-sulfide bond to form the cystine-like L-cysteinyl-L-selenocysteine, as in vertebrate selenopeptide P.
peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine trimethylation
The methylation of 5-hydroxy-L-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.
adhesive extracellular matrix constituent
Binding to a component of the extracellular matrix.
extracellular matrix constituent binding
peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-lysine hydroxylation to peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine
The hydroxylation of peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.
peptidyl trimethyl lysine hydroxylase activity
peptidyl-trimethyl-lysine hydroxylase activity
copper incorporation via L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide
The incorporation of copper into a protein by L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.
The modification of peptidyl-selenocysteine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of teichuronic acid, a polymer containing chains of uronic acids and N-acetylglucosamine found in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving teichuronic acid, a polymer containing chains of uronic acids and N-acetylglucosamine found in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria.
The series of molecular signals initiated by progesterone binding to its receptor in the cytoplasm.
progesterone receptor signalling pathway
regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling, the process in which a cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
regulation of calcium-mediated signalling
negative regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling.
downregulation of calcium-mediated signaling
down regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
down-regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
inhibition of calcium-mediated signaling
negative regulation of calcium-mediated signalling
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling.
activation of calcium-mediated signaling
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signalling
stimulation of calcium-mediated signaling
upregulation of calcium-mediated signaling
up regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
up-regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B or T cell.
antigen receptor-mediated signalling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
T lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
T-lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
B lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
B-lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.
regulation of antigen receptor mediated signalling pathway
regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
regulation of B-cell receptor signaling pathway
regulation of B cell receptor signalling pathway
regulation of B-cell receptor signalling pathway
regulation of B lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
regulation of B-lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
regulation of B lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
regulation of B-lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
regulation of T-cell receptor signaling pathway
regulation of T-cell receptor signalling pathway
regulation of T lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
regulation of T-lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
regulation of T lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
regulation of T-lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.
activation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of antigen receptor mediated signalling pathway
stimulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.
downregulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of antigen receptor mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
downregulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of B cell receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of B-cell receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of B cell receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of B-cell receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of B lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of B-lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of B lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of B-lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
downregulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of T cell receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of T-cell receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of T cell receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of TCR signaling pathway
negative regulation of T lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of T lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
activation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of B-cell receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of B cell receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of B-cell receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of B lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of B-lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of B lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of B-lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
stimulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
activation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of T-cell receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of T cell receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of TCR signaling pathway
positive regulation of T lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of T lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
stimulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation.
negative regulation of T cell activation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.
negative regulation of T-cell activation
negative regulation of T lymphocyte activation
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte activation
negative regulation of B cell activation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.
negative regulation of B-cell activation
negative regulation of B lymphocyte activation
negative regulation of B-lymphocyte activation
positive regulation of T cell activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.
positive regulation of T-cell activation
positive regulation of T lymphocyte activation
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte activation
positive regulation of B cell activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.
positive regulation of B-cell activation
positive regulation of B lymphocyte activation
positive regulation of B-lymphocyte activation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.
A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.
Any process that modulates the levels of body fluids.
Any physiological process involved in changing the position of a multicellular organism or an anatomical part of a multicellular organism.
The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system.
The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system that can be controlled at will.
musculoskeletal movement, spinal reflex action
Involuntary movement caused by the application of a stimulus to an organism and a subsequent movement. The signal processing of this movement takes place in the spinal cord.
neuromuscular process controlling posture
Any process in which an organism voluntarily modulates its posture, the alignment of its anatomical parts.
neuromuscular process controlling balance
Any process that an organism uses to control its balance, the orientation of the organism (or the head of the organism) in relation to the source of gravity. In humans and animals, balance is perceived through visual cues, the labyrinth system of the inner ears and information from skin pressure receptors and muscle and joint receptors.
The process that involves the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system.
The determination of the type or quality of a sensation. Sensory modalities include touch, thermal sensation, visual sensation, auditory sensation and pain.
The determination of where on the body surface, within the body or in the environment a stimulus originates.
The determination of the perceived strength of a sensory stimulus.
The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.
multicellular organismal-level water homeostasis
A chemical homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of water within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell.
multicellular organismal water homeostasis
Any process in which nutrients are taken up from the contents of the intestine.
Any neural process required for an organism to sense and interpret the dimensions of a sensory experience: modality, location, intensity and affect.
Any process in which an emotional response is associated with a particular sensory stimulation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitriles, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom. The nitriles are named with reference to the acids produced by their decomposition; for example, hydrocyanic acid is formic nitrile, and methyl cyanide is acetic nitrile.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nitrile, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom.
The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
Transient adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Carbohydrates on circulating leukocytes bind selectins on the vessel wall causing the leukocytes to slow down and roll along the inner surface of the vessel wall. During this rolling motion, transitory bonds are formed and broken between selectins and their ligands. Typically the first step in cellular extravasation (the movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system, towards the site of tissue damage or infection).
The activation of loosely bound or rolling leukocytes by signals displayed on blood vessel endothelial cells, which is typically the second step in cellular extravasation.
The formation of an integrin-dependent strong adhesive bond between leukocytes and blood vessel endothelial cells which is dependent on prior activation of the leukocyte and leads to the firm attachment of the leukocyte to the endothelial surface, typically the third step in cellular extravasation.
The passage of a leukocyte between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation.
Any process pertaining to the functions of the nervous and muscular systems of an organism.
detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception
The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
sensory perception, sensory transduction of stimulus
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception
The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.
sensory detection of chemical stimulus during sensory perception
sensory perception, sensory detection of chemical stimulus
sensory perception, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during sensory perception
detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception
The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
sensory detection of light during visual perception
sensory detection of light stimulus during visual perception
sensory transduction of light during visual perception
sensory transduction of light stimulus during visual perception
visual perception, detection of light stimulus
visual perception, sensory transduction during perception of light
visual perception, sensory transduction of light stimulus
The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process.
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound
The series of events involved in the perception of sound vibration in which the vibration is received and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of sound, detection of mechanical stimulus
perception of sound, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
perception of sound, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of sound
sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of sound
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell
The series of events involved in the perception of smell in which an olfactory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of smell, detection of chemical stimulus
perception of smell, sensory detection of chemical stimulus
perception of smell, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of smell
sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of smell
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste
The series of events involved in the perception of taste in which a gustatory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of taste, detection of chemical stimulus
perception of taste, sensory detection of chemical stimulus
perception of taste, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of taste
sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of taste
The series of events required to receive a bitter taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
The series of events required to receive a salty taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
The series of events required to receive a sour taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
The series of events required to receive a sweet taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
The series of events required to receive an umami taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates. This is a neurological process.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a chemical.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
positive regulation of negative chemotaxis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
negative regulation of negative chemotaxis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
positive regulation of positive chemotaxis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
negative regulation of positive chemotaxis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pigmented cell, such as a melanocyte.
regulation of pigment cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pigmented cell differentiation.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an early stripe melanocyte (ESM). In zebrafish, ESMs develop during the first phase (2-3 weeks of development) of the larva to adult transition (2-4 weeks of development).
early stripe melanocyte cell differentiation
early stripe melanophore differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a late stripe melanocyte (LSM). In zebrafish, LSMs develop during the second phase (3-4 weeks of development) of the larva-to-adult transition (2-4 weeks of development).
late stripe melanocyte cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an iridophore. Iridophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain guanidine or other purine crystals deposited in stacks called reflecting platets or iridisomes. This gives them a silver, gold, or iridescent appearance.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a xanthophore cell. Xanthophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or xanthosomes. This makes them yellow to orange in appearance.
regulation of iridophore differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.
regulation of xanthophore differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.
regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of early stripe melanocyte differentiation.
regulation of early stripe melanophore differentiation
regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of late stripe melanocyte differentiation.
regulation of late stripe melanophore differentiation
negative regulation of pigment cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation.
downregulation of pigment cell differentiation
down regulation of pigment cell differentiation
down-regulation of pigment cell differentiation
inhibition of pigment cell differentiation
positive regulation of pigment cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation.
activation of pigment cell differentiation
stimulation of pigment cell differentiation
upregulation of pigment cell differentiation
up regulation of pigment cell differentiation
up-regulation of pigment cell differentiation
negative regulation of iridophore differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.
downregulation of iridophore differentiation
down regulation of iridophore differentiation
down-regulation of iridophore differentiation
inhibition of iridophore differentiation
negative regulation of xanthophore differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.
downregulation of xanthophore differentiation
down regulation of xanthophore differentiation
down-regulation of xanthophore differentiation
inhibition of xanthophore differentiation
positive regulation of iridophore differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.
activation of iridophore differentiation
stimulation of iridophore differentiation
upregulation of iridophore differentiation
up regulation of iridophore differentiation
up-regulation of iridophore differentiation
positive regulation of xanthophore differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.
activation of xanthophore differentiation
stimulation of xanthophore differentiation
upregulation of xanthophore differentiation
up regulation of xanthophore differentiation
up-regulation of xanthophore differentiation
negative regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of early stripe melanocyte differentiation.
downregulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
down regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
down-regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
inhibition of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
negative regulation of early stripe melanophore differentiation
positive regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of early stripe melanocyte differentiation.
activation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
positive regulation of early stripe melanophore differentiation
stimulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
upregulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
up regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
up-regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
negative regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of late stripe melanocyte differentiation.
downregulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
down regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
down-regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
inhibition of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
negative regulation of late stripe melanophore differentiation
positive regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of late stripe melanocyte differentiation.
activation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
positive regulation of late stripe melanophore differentiation
stimulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
upregulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
up regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
up-regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
sensory perception of temperature stimulus
The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
sensory perception of electrical stimulus
The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
sensory perception of mechanical stimulus
The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
The series of events required for an organism to receive a temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Thermoception in larger animals is mainly done in the skin; mammals have at least two types of sensor, for detecting heat (temperatures above body temperature) and cold (temperatures below body temperature).
The series of events required for an organism to receive an electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Many fish possess an electroception sense; for example, the electric eel uses low voltage pulses of electricity for navigation and prey location.
The series of events required for an organism to receive an orientational stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Equilibrioception refers to a combination of processes by which an organism can perceive its orientation with respect to gravity. In animals, stimuli come from labyrinth system of the inner ears, monitoring the direction of motion; visual stimuli, with information on orientation and motion; pressure receptors, which tell the organism which body surfaces are in contact with the ground; and proprioceptive cues, which report which parts of the body are in motion.
sensory perception of orientation with respect to gravity
The series of events required for an organism to receive a stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Stimuli may be chemical, mechanical or electrical and interpreting these stimuli allows an organism to determine the orientation of a magnetic field. Magnetoreception also involves the perception of light; birds cannot orient without the presence of short wavelength (blue/green) light.
Echolocation is the method used by some animals (e.g. bats, dolphins and some whales) to determine the location of something by measuring the time it takes for an echo to return from it. These animals emit sound waves and listen for the echo, calculating the distance to the object from the time lapse between sound emission and the echo returning.
perception of environment using reflected sound waves
detection of temperature stimulus involved in thermoception
The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of thermoception.
sensory detection of temperature stimulus during thermoception
sensory detection of thermal stimulus during thermoception
sensory transduction of temperature stimulus during thermoception
sensory transduction of thermal stimulus during thermoception
thermoception, sensory detection of temperature stimulus
thermoception, sensory detection of thermal stimulus
thermoception, sensory transduction of temperature stimulus
thermoception, sensory transduction of thermal stimulus
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception
The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.
sensory detection of heat stimulus during sensory perception
sensory detection of temperature stimulus
sensory detection of temperature stimulus during sensory perception
sensory detection of thermal stimulus during sensory perception
sensory perception, sensory detection of heat stimulus
sensory perception, sensory detection of temperature stimulus
sensory perception, sensory detection of thermal stimulus
sensory perception, sensory transduction of heat stimulus
sensory perception, sensory transduction of temperature stimulus
sensory perception, sensory transduction of thermal stimulus
sensory transduction of heat stimulus during sensory perception
sensory transduction of temperature stimulus
sensory transduction of temperature stimulus during sensory perception
sensory transduction of thermal stimulus during sensory perception
detection of light stimulus involved in sensory perception
The series of events in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of light.
sensory detection of light stimulus during sensory perception
sensory perception, sensory detection of light stimulus
sensory perception, sensory transduction of light stimulus
sensory transduction of light stimulus during sensory perception
detection of electrical stimulus involved in sensory perception
The series of events in which an electrical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.
sensory detection of electrical stimulus
sensory detection of electrical stimulus during sensory perception
sensory perception, sensory detection of electrical stimulus
sensory perception, sensory transduction of electrical stimulus
sensory transduction of electrical stimulus
sensory transduction of electrical stimulus during sensory perception
detection of electrical stimulus involved in electroception
The series of events that contribute to electroception in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
detection of electrical stimulus during electroreception
electroception, detection of electrical stimulus
electroception, sensory detection of electrical stimulus
electroception, sensory transduction of electrical stimulus
sensory detection of electrical stimulus during electroception
sensory transduction of electrical stimulus during electroception
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain
The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of pain, detection of temperature stimulus
perception of pain, sensory detection of temperature stimulus
perception of pain, sensory transduction of temperature stimulus
sensory detection of temperature stimulus during perception of pain
sensory detection of thermal stimulus during sensory perception of pain
sensory perception of pain, sensory detection of thermal stimulus
sensory perception of pain, sensory transduction of thermal stimulus
sensory transduction of temperature stimulus during perception of pain
sensory transduction of thermal stimulus during sensory perception of pain
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain
The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of pain, detection of mechanical stimulus
perception of pain, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
perception of pain, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of pain
sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of pain
detection of electrical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain
The series of events that contribute to the perception of pain in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
detection of electrical stimulus during sensory perception of pain
perception of pain, detection of electrical stimulus
perception of pain, sensory detection of electrical stimulus
perception of pain, sensory transduction of electrical stimulus
sensory detection of electrical stimulus during perception of pain
sensory transduction of electrical stimulus during perception of pain
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain
The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of pain, detection of chemical stimulus
perception of pain, sensory detection of chemical stimulus
perception of pain, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of pain
sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of pain
detection of chemical stimulus involved in magnetoreception
The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. It is believed that organisms such as birds and salamanders interpret product ratios in chemical reactions which involve transitions between different spin states.
magnetoception, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
magnetoreception, detection of chemical stimulus
magnetoreception, sensory detection of chemical stimulus
magnetoreception, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
sensory detection of chemical stimulus during magnetoreception
sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during magnetoreception
detection of electrical stimulus involved in magnetoreception
The series of events that contribute to magnetoception in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of an induced electric field resulting from movement in a magnetic field.
detection of electrical stimulus during magnetoreception
magnetoception, sensory transduction of electrical stimulus
magnetoreception, detection of electrical stimulus
magnetoreception, sensory detection of electrical stimulus
magnetoreception, sensory transduction of electrical stimulus
sensory detection of electrical stimulus during magnetoreception
sensory transduction of electrical stimulus during magnetoreception
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in magnetoreception
The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of torque on particles such as magnetite which respond to a magnetic field.
magnetoception, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
magnetoreception, detection of mechanical stimulus
magnetoreception, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
magnetoreception, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during magnetoreception
sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during magnetoreception
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in echolocation
The series of events involved in echolocation in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of a reflected sound wave (an echo), which the organism uses to determine the distance to the object that reflected the sound wave.
echolocation, detection of mechanical stimulus
echolocation, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
echolocation, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during echolocation
sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during echolocation
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in equilibrioception
The series of events involved in equilibrioception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. During equilibrioception, mechanical stimuli may be in the form of input from pressure receptors or from the labyrinth system of the inner ears.
equilibrioception, detection of mechanical stimulus
equilibrioception, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
equilibrioception, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during equilibrioception
sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during equilibrioception
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception
The series of events in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.
sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during sensory perception
sensory perception, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
sensory perception, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during sensory perception
The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach).
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch
The series of events involved in the perception of touch in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus
perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
magnetoreception by sensory perception of chemical stimulus
The series of events required for an organism to receive a chemical stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. It is believed that organisms such as birds and salamanders use a 'chemical compass': chemical reactions that involve transitions between different spin states can be influenced by magnetic fields and by detecting the different product ratios, these organisms can perceive the direction of the magnetic field. The mechanism by which this is detected is not certain but it may also involve light stimuli.
magnetoreception, sensory perception of chemical stimulus
magnetoreception, using chemical stimulus
magnetoreception through chemical stimulus
magnetoreception by sensory perception of electrical stimulus
The series of events required for an organism to receive an electrical stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Movement in a magnetic field results in an induced electric field, which can be perceived by organisms such as elasmobranch fish.
magnetoreception, sensory perception of electrical stimulus
magnetoreception, using electrical stimulus
magnetoreception through electrical stimulus
magnetoreception by sensory perception of mechanical stimulus
The series of events required for an organism to receive a mechanical stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. A magnetic field exerts a torque on a ferromagnetic material (e.g. magnetite) or on a material with diamagnetic anisotropy; organisms that can detect this torque can use it to determine the orientation of the magnetic field.
magnetoreception, sensory perception of mechanical stimulus
magnetoreception, using mechanical stimulus
magnetoreception through mechanical stimulus
detection of light stimulus involved in magnetoreception
The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Downstream processing of the light information in addition to other sensory data allows organisms to perceive the orientation of a magnetic field.
magnetoreception, detection of light stimulus
magnetoreception, sensory detection of light stimulus
magnetoreception, sensory transduction of light stimulus
sensory detection of light stimulus during magnetoreception
sensory transduction of light stimulus during magnetoreception
The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events by which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
obsolete deoxyhypusine biosynthetic process from spermidine
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions resulting in the formation of deoxyhypusine from spermidine by the enzyme [eIF-5A]-deoxyhypusine synthase. The reaction occurs in four steps: 1. spermidine + NAD+ = dehydrospermidine + NADH + H+; 2. dehydrospermidine + [enzyme]-lysine = 1,3-diaminopropane + [enzyme]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2; 3. [enzyme]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2 = [eIF-5A]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2; 4. [eIF-5A]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2 + NADH + H+ = [eIF-5A]-deoxyhypusine + NAD+.
The sulfation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-sulfo-L-serine.
The sulfation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-sulfo-L-threonine.
isopeptide cross-linking via N-(L-isoglutamyl)-glycine
The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-glutamate and peptidyl-glycine to produce N-(L-isoglutamyl)-glycine, as found in the antibiotic microcin J25.
obsolete enzyme active site formation via O-sulfo-L-serine
OBSOLETE. The transient sulfation of peptidyl-serine to form O-sulfo-L-serine.
N-terminal peptidyl-methionine carboxylation
The carboxylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-carboxy-L-methionine.
N-terminal protein amino acid carboxylation
The carboxylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
N-terminal protein amino acid carbamoylation
The carbamoylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
N-terminal protein amino acid carbamylation
obsolete enzyme active site formation via O-sulfo-L-threonine
OBSOLETE. The transient sulfation of peptidyl-threonine to form O-sulfo-L-threonine.
dimethylallyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dimethylallyl diphosphate.
dimethylallyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis
dimethylallyl pyrophosphate biosynthetic process
dimethylallyl diphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethylallyl diphosphate.
dimethylallyl pyrophosphate metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.
negative regulation of lipid catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.
downregulation of lipid catabolic process
down regulation of lipid catabolic process
down-regulation of lipid catabolic process
negative regulation of lipid degradation
positive regulation of lipid catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.
positive regulation of lipid degradation
up regulation of lipid catabolic process
up-regulation of lipid catabolic process
Binding to a quaternary ammonium group, including glycine betaine, choline, carnitine and proline. A quaternary ammonium group is any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups.
regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
activation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
stimulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
upregulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
up regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
up-regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
downregulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
down regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
down-regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
inhibition of nitric-oxide synthase activity
ligase activity, forming nitrogen-metal bonds
Catalysis of the joining of a metal ion to a molecule via a nitrogen-metal bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
ligase activity, forming nitrogen-metal bonds, forming coordination complexes
Catalysis of the ligation of two substances via a nitrogen-metal bond, forming a coordination complex.
regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.
negative regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.
downregulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
down regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
down-regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity
positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.
activation of lipoprotein lipase activity
stimulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
upregulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
up regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
up-regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: squalene = hop-22(29)-ene.
Binding to Hsp27 proteins, a lightweight heat shock protein.
O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-homoserine + hydrogen sulfide = homocysteine + acetate.
Binding to the plus end of a microtubule.
Binding to the minus end of a microtubule.
The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule.
The process in which a microtubule is broken down into smaller segments. Severing enzymes remove dimers from the middle of the filament to create new ends, unlike depolymerizing kinesins that use ATP to uncap microtubules at their ends.
The process in which an actin filament is broken down into smaller filaments.
barbed-end actin capping/severing activity
Binding to an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits.
The binding of a protein or protein complex to the barbed (or plus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
plus-end actin filament capping activity
The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.
mitogen-activated protein kinase binding
Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase.
Binding to a GTPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP.
Binding to a GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein.
Binding to a Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein.
The cell cycle process in which a connection between chromatids assembles, indicating where an exchange of homologous segments has taken place by the crossing-over of non-sister chromatids.
The directed movement of RNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of snRNA, small nuclear ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of tRNA, transfer ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
nucleic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of nucleic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Nucleic acids are single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information.
Enables the transfer of RNA, ribonucleic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.
Enables the transfer of tRNA, transfer ribonucleic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.
Enables the transfer of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.
Any process that modulates the volume of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis.
regulation of transcription involved in meiotic cell cycle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as part of a meiotic cell cycle.
negative regulation of transcription involved in meiotic cell cycle
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription involved in the meiotic cell cycle.
downregulation of transcription during meiosis
down regulation of transcription during meiosis
down-regulation of transcription during meiosis
inhibition of transcription during meiosis
negative regulation of meiotic transcription
negative regulation of transcription, meiotic
positive regulation of transcription involved in meiotic cell cycle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as part of a meiotic cell cycle.
activation of transcription during meiosis
positive regulation of meiotic transcription
positive regulation of transcription, meiotic
stimulation of transcription during meiosis
upregulation of transcription during meiosis
up regulation of transcription during meiosis
up-regulation of transcription during meiosis
regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
positive regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion.
activation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
stimulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
upregulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
up regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
up-regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
negative regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion.
downregulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
down regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
down-regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
inhibition of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain).
positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain peptidolysis.
activation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
stimulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
upregulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
up regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
up-regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis.
downregulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
down regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
down-regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
inhibition of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.
negative regulation of DNA metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.
down regulation of DNA metabolic process
down-regulation of DNA metabolic process
positive regulation of DNA metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.
negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
downregulation of lipid biosynthetic process
down regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
down-regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
inhibition of lipid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of lipid biosynthesis
regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
regulation of small GTPase-mediated signal transduction
positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
activation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
positive regulation of small GTPase-mediated signal transduction
stimulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
upregulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
up regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
up-regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
negative regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
downregulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
down regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
down-regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
inhibition of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
negative regulation of small GTPase-mediated signal transduction
Binding to NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1,6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in pullulan (a linear polymer of alpha-(1,6)-linked maltotriose units) and in amylopectin and glycogen, and the a- and b-limit dextrins of amylopectin and glycogen.
alpha-dextrin endo-1,6-alpha-glucosidase activity
pullulan alpha-1,6-glucanohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dADP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ADP + thioredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: dUDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = UDP + thioredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: dCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = CDP + thioredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: dTTP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = TTP + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: dCTP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = CTP + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a dihydrobiopterin, a reduced pteridine derivative related to folic acid; it acts as an electron carrier in tyrosine biosynthesis and its quinoid form is produced by oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin in several biological hydroxylation reactions.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6,7-dihydropteridine, a bicyclic compound with the formula C6H6N4.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrolipoamide, the reduced form of lipoamide, produced as an intermediate in the reactions in which lipoamide acts as a cofactor.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactose as single side units.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactosyl and D-mannosyl. The mannosyl units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactosyl as single side units.
4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pyruvylated galactose residue 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3-. The galactose residue is part of a larger polysaccharide chain.
4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue metabolism
4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3 metabolic process
4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3 metabolism
4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pyruvylated galactose residue 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3-. The galactose residue is part of a larger polysaccharide chain.
4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue anabolism
4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthesis
4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue formation
4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue synthesis
4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3 biosynthesis
4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3 biosynthetic process
adenosylcobinamide-GDP ribazoletransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide-GDP + alpha-ribazole = GMP + adenosylcobalamin.
adenosylcobinamide-GDP:alpha-ribazole ribazoletransferase activity
cobalamin (5'-phosphate) synthase activity
cobalamin-5'-phosphate synthase activity
obsolete protein tetramerization activity
OBSOLETE. The formation of a protein tetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
S-adenosylmethionine:tRNA ribosyltransferase-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethionine + 7-(aminomethyl)-7-deazaguanosine-tRNA = adenine + methionine + epoxyqueuosine-tRNA. 7-(aminomethyl)-7-deazaguanosine-tRNA is also known as preQ1-tRNA, and epoxyqueuosine-tRNA as oQ-tRNA.
S-adenosyl methionine:tRNA ribosyltransferase-isomerase activity
Cell wall structures composed of linear polysaccharides which are deposited at both sides of the primary septum at 90 degrees to the primary septum.
The cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes during meiotic cell division occurs.
The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes during the first division of meiosis.
The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes during the second division of meiosis.
The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes, for example during cellular division.
'de novo' cotranslational protein folding
The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of the ribosome-bound nascent chains of a multidomain protein whilst other parts of the protein are still being translated.
'de novo' co-translational protein folding
'de novo' post-translational protein folding
The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent folding of newly formed polypeptides or folding intermediates of polypeptides that have exited the ribosome and/or have been stabilized and transferred by other chaperone proteins. This process could involve several cycles of ATP hydrolysis.
'de novo' posttranslational protein folding
chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding
The process of assisting in the correct posttranslational noncovalent assembly of proteins, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release.
chaperone cofactor-dependent 'de novo' protein folding
chaperone cofactor-dependent protein folding
chaperone co-factor-dependent protein folding
chaperone co-factor-dependent protein refolding
chaperone mediated protein folding requiring cofactor
chaperone mediated protein folding independent of cofactor
The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of posttranslational proteins and does not depend on additional protein cofactors. This function occurs over one or more cycles of nucleotide-dependent binding and release.
chaperone cofactor-independent protein folding
Binding to a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport.
obsolete PMA-inducible membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
OBSOLETE. The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain that occurs after induction by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C agonist.
constitutive protein ectodomain proteolysis
The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain that occurs constantly, regardless of environmental conditions or demands.
regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
regulation of androgen receptor activity
regulation of DNA binding transcription factor activity
regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
regulation of thyroid hormone receptor activity
regulation of transcription factor activity
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
activation of transcription factor activity
positive regulation of DNA binding transcription factor activity
positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
positive regulation of thyroid hormone receptor activity
positive regulation of transcription factor activity
stimulation of transcription factor activity
upregulation of transcription factor activity
up regulation of transcription factor activity
up-regulation of transcription factor activity
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor
negative regulation of developmental process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
down regulation of developmental process
down-regulation of developmental process
positive regulation of developmental process
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of helicase activity.
positive regulation of helicase activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a helicase.
negative regulation of helicase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a helicase.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
DNA ligation involved in DNA recombination
The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA recombination.
The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA repair.
DNA-dependent DNA replication DNA ligation
The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA-dependent DNA replication.
DNA ligation during DNA-dependent DNA replication
DNA ligation involved in DNA-dependent DNA replication
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-carnitine + CoA + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + D-carnitinyl-CoA.
crotonobetaine/carnitine-CoA ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + crotono-betaine + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + crotonobetainyl-CoA.
peptidyl-histidine uridylylation, to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine
The uridylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-UMP-histidine, tele-UMP-histidine).
The adenylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-AMP-histidine, tele-AMP-histidine) or peptidyl-3'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-AMP-histidine, pros-AMP-histidine).
peptidyl-histidine adenylylation, to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine
The adenylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-AMP-histidine, tele-AMP-histidine).
obsolete enzyme active site formation via 1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine
OBSOLETE. The transient adenylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form 1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-AMP-histidine, tele-AMP-histidine).
The uridylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-UMP-histidine, tele-UMP-histidine) or peptidyl-3'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-UMP-histidine, pros-UMP-histidine).
obsolete enzyme active site formation via 1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine
OBSOLETE. The transient uridylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form 1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-UMP-histidine, tele-UMP-histidine).
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + Co(2+) + H2O + hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide = ADP + cob(II)yrinate a,c diamide + 4 H+ + phosphate.
hydrogenobyrinic-acid-a,c-diamide:cobalt cobalt-ligase (ADP-forming)
hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide cobaltochelatase activity
Binding to an ATPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP.
glucan endo-1,3-alpha-glucosidase activity
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in isolichenin, pseudonigeran and nigeran.
1,3(1,3;1,4)-alpha-D-glucan 3-glucanohydrolase activity
sugar transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. A sugar is any member of a class of sweet, water-soluble, crystallizable carbohydrates, which are the monosaccharides and smaller oligosaccharides.
Catalysis of the reaction: 12S-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-12-hydro(pero)xy-eicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid = (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate. 12S-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-12-hydro(pero)xy-eicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid is also known as 12S-HpETE, and (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate as hepoxilin A3.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hepoxilins, a class of bioactive icosanoids with roles in the regulation of cell physiology.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hepoxilins, a class of bioactive icosanoids with roles in the regulation of cell physiology.
RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on an RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase.
RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex formation
RNA polymerase II transcription PIC biosynthesis
RNA polymerase II transcription PIC formation
synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction
The assembly of a synapse at a neuromuscular junction.
synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament.
regulation of cellular component organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
regulation of cellular component organisation
regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of cellular component organization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
negative regulation of cell organisation
negative regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of cellular component organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
positive regulation of cell organisation
positive regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis
chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.
cellular chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly
The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature natural killer T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.
regulation of natural killer T cell activation
regulation of NK T lymphocyte activation
regulation of NK T-lymphocyte activation
negative regulation of NK T cell activation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.
negative regulation of natural killer T cell activation
negative regulation of natural T cell activation
negative regulation of NKT cell activation
negative regulation of NK T-cell activation
negative regulation of NK T lymphocyte activation
negative regulation of NK T-lymphocyte activation
negative regulation of NT cell activation
positive regulation of NK T cell activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.
positive regulation of natural killer T cell activation
positive regulation of natural T cell activation
positive regulation of NKT cell activation
positive regulation of NK T-cell activation
positive regulation of NK T lymphocyte activation
positive regulation of NK T-lymphocyte activation
positive regulation of NT cell activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.
regulation of natural killer T cell differentiation
regulation of natural T cell differentiation
regulation of NK T lymphocyte differentiation
regulation of NK T-lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of NK T cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.
downregulation of NK T cell differentiation
down regulation of NK T cell differentiation
down-regulation of NK T cell differentiation
negative regulation of natural killer T cell differentiation
negative regulation of natural T cell differentiation
negative regulation of NK T cell development
negative regulation of NKT cell differentiation
negative regulation of NK T-cell differentiation
negative regulation of NK T lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of NK T-lymphocyte differentiation
negative regulation of NT cell differentiation
positive regulation of NK T cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.
positive regulation of natural killer T cell differentiation
positive regulation of natural T cell differentiation
positive regulation of NK T cell development
positive regulation of NKT cell differentiation
positive regulation of NK T-cell differentiation
positive regulation of NK T lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of NK T-lymphocyte differentiation
positive regulation of NT cell differentiation
stimulation of NK T cell differentiation
upregulation of NK T cell differentiation
up regulation of NK T cell differentiation
up-regulation of NK T cell differentiation
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: metal ion(in) + H+(out) = metal ion(out) + H+(in).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.
regulation of natural killer T cell proliferation
regulation of natural T cell proliferation
regulation of NK T lymphocyte proliferation
regulation of NK T-lymphocyte proliferation
negative regulation of NK T cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.
downregulation of NK T cell proliferation
down regulation of NK T cell proliferation
down-regulation of NK T cell proliferation
negative regulation of natural killer T cell proliferation
negative regulation of natural T cell proliferation
negative regulation of NKT cell proliferation
negative regulation of NK T-cell proliferation
negative regulation of NK T lymphocyte proliferation
negative regulation of NK T-lymphocyte proliferation
negative regulation of NT cell proliferation
positive regulation of NK T cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.
positive regulation of natural killer T cell proliferation
positive regulation of natural T cell proliferation
positive regulation of NKT cell proliferation
positive regulation of NK T-cell proliferation
positive regulation of NK T lymphocyte proliferation
positive regulation of NK T-lymphocyte proliferation
positive regulation of NT cell proliferation
up regulation of NK T cell proliferation
up-regulation of NK T cell proliferation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving propanediol, CH3-CHOH-CH2OH, a sweet, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze, in brake fluid and as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propanediol, a sweet, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid with the formula CH3-CHOH-CH2OH.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle.
regulation of muscle cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.
negative regulation of muscle cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.
downregulation of muscle cell differentiation
down regulation of muscle cell differentiation
down-regulation of muscle cell differentiation
inhibition of muscle cell differentiation
positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.
activation of muscle cell differentiation
stimulation of muscle cell differentiation
upregulation of muscle cell differentiation
up regulation of muscle cell differentiation
up-regulation of muscle cell differentiation
regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.
downregulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
down regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
down-regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
inhibition of smooth muscle cell differentiation
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.
activation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
stimulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
upregulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
up regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
up-regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.
negative regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.
downregulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
down regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
down-regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
inhibition of striated muscle cell differentiation
positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.
activation of striated muscle cell differentiation
stimulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
upregulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
up regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
up-regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 6-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from xylose by reduction of the carbonyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from xylose by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and is used as a noncariogenic sweetner and as a sugar substitute in diabetic diets.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylulose 5-phosphate, a derivative of the ketopentose xylulose phosphorylated at the 5 carbon; it is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.
D-xylulose 5-phosphate metabolic process
D-xylulose-5-phosphate metabolic process
The directed movement of substances out of the nucleus.
The directed movement of substances into, out of, or within the nucleus.
The directed movement of substances into the nucleus.
regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
downregulation of nitrogen metabolic process
down regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
down-regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
inhibition of nitrogen metabolic process
negative regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
negative regulation of nitrogen metabolism
positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
activation of nitrogen metabolic process
positive regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
positive regulation of nitrogen metabolism
stimulation of nitrogen metabolic process
upregulation of nitrogen metabolic process
up regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
up-regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
regulation of phosphorus metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.
negative regulation of sulfur metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur.
downregulation of sulfur metabolic process
down regulation of sulfur metabolic process
down-regulation of sulfur metabolic process
negative regulation of sulfur metabolism
negative regulation of sulphur metabolic process
negative regulation of sulphur metabolism
positive regulation of sulfur metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur.
positive regulation of sulfur metabolism
positive regulation of sulphur metabolic process
positive regulation of sulphur metabolism
upregulation of sulfur metabolic process
up regulation of sulfur metabolic process
up-regulation of sulfur metabolic process
The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis.
obsolete meiotic chromosome decondensation
OBSOLETE. The cell cycle process in which chromosome structure is altered from the condensed form held during meiosis to the relaxed dispersed form held in resting cells.
Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation.
establishment and maintenance of cellular component location
establishment and maintenance of localization
establishment and maintenance of position
establishment and maintenance of substance location
establishment and maintenance of substrate location
The directed movement of vitamins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a cofactor into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A cofactor is a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a coenzyme into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A coenzyme is any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
obsolete cofactor transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a cofactor from one side of a membrane to the other. A cofactor is a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein.
obsolete coenzyme transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of a coenzyme from one side of a membrane to the other. A coenzyme is any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.
coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process
coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.
coenzyme and prosthetic group catabolic process
coenzyme and prosthetic group catabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.
coenzyme and prosthetic group biosynthesis
coenzyme and prosthetic group biosynthetic process
Binding to a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.
obsolete regulation of cofactor metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor.
obsolete positive regulation of cofactor metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor.
obsolete negative regulation of cofactor metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor.
obsolete regulation of coenzyme metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a coenzyme.
obsolete positive regulation of coenzyme metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a coenzyme.
obsolete negative regulation of coenzyme metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a coenzyme.
obsolete regulation of prosthetic group metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group.
obsolete positive regulation of prosthetic group metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group.
obsolete negative regulation of prosthetic group metabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytochromobilin, the linear tetrapyrrole chromophore required for plant phytochrome photoactivity.
peptidyl-aspartic acid reduction to form L-aspartyl aldehyde
The reduction of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-aspartyl aldehyde, as found photosystem II P680 chlorophyll A apoprotein.
peptidyl-aspartic acid reduction to form L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde
peptidyl-aspartic acid reduction to form L-beta-formylalanine
protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane
The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a mitochondrial membrane.
integral mitochondrial membrane protein localization
integral mitochondrial membrane protein positioning
localization of protein in mitochondrial membrane
positioning of protein in mitochondrial membrane
protein insertion into mitochondrion membrane
protein-mitochondrial membrane insertion
protein-mitochondrion membrane insertion
The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a biological membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving silicates, the salts of silicic acids. Silicates are usually composed of silicon and oxygen (Si[x]O[y]), one or more metals, and possibly hydrogen. Types of silicate include unisilicates, metasilicates and hydrous silicates.
The process of binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
negative regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) transport
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the cytosolic compartment.
cytoplasmic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
cytoplasmic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
cytosolic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
cytosolic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytoplasm
release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytoplasm
release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytosol
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size uniformly in all directions. In general, a rounded cell morphology reflects isotropic cell growth.
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one or more axes, where the growth rate varies according to the direction of growth. Growth may be limited to a particular axis, axes, or to particular locations on the surface of the cell.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which both atoms of oxygen from one molecule of O2 are incorporated into the (reduced) product(s) of the reaction. The two atoms of oxygen may be distributed between two different products.
RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity against RNA virus
An RNAi-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway induced by RNA viruses leading to a sequence-specific degradation of target mRNAs or inhibition of translation. In plants, DCL4 is the primary Dicer to detect RNA viruses.
RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity against DNA virus
An RNAi-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway induced by DNA viruses leading to a sequence-specific degradation of target mRNAs or inhibition of translation. In plants, DCL3 is the primary Dicer to detect DNA viruses.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
molybdenum incorporation via L-aspartyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)
The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-aspartyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).
tungsten incorporation via L-selenocysteinyl tungsten bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)
The incorporation of tungsten into a protein via L-selenocysteinyl tungsten bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).
The selective interaction of a protein with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its transport into other areas of the cell.
maintenance of protein location in cytoplasm
tungsten incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
The incorporation of tungsten into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
tungsten incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster
positive regulation of protein transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of protein transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.
The controlled breakdown of the spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.
The controlled breakdown of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.
The controlled breakdown of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.
The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle.
The lengthening of the distance between poles of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.
The area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.
Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.
Any process in which a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.
The directed movement of RNA to a specific location.
Any process in which RNA is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.
The process of binding or confining metal ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
regulation of multicellular organismal process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
positive regulation of multicellular organismal process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
activation of multicellular organismal process
stimulation of multicellular organismal process
upregulation of multicellular organismal process
up regulation of multicellular organismal process
up-regulation of multicellular organismal process
negative regulation of multicellular organismal process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
downregulation of multicellular organismal process
down regulation of multicellular organismal process
down-regulation of multicellular organismal process
inhibition of multicellular organismal process
negative regulation of cellular defense response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the cellular defense response.
downregulation of cellular defense response
down regulation of cellular defense response
down-regulation of cellular defense response
negative regulation of cellular defence response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.
regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
regulation of cellular protein metabolism
positive regulation of protein metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.
activation of cellular protein metabolic process
positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
positive regulation of cellular protein metabolism
positive regulation of protein metabolism
stimulation of cellular protein metabolic process
stimulation of protein metabolic process
upregulation of cellular protein metabolic process
up regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
up-regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
upregulation of protein metabolic process
up regulation of protein metabolic process
up-regulation of protein metabolic process
negative regulation of protein metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.
downregulation of cellular protein metabolic process
down regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
down-regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
downregulation of protein metabolic process
down regulation of protein metabolic process
down-regulation of protein metabolic process
inhibition of cellular protein metabolic process
negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
negative regulation of cellular protein metabolism
negative regulation of protein metabolism
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.
negative regulation of lymphocyte activation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.
down regulation of lymphocyte activation
down-regulation of lymphocyte activation
positive regulation of lymphocyte activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.
negative regulation of RNA metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.
down regulation of RNA metabolic process
down-regulation of RNA metabolic process
positive regulation of RNA metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.
The cell cycle process in which aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle midzone. The spindle midzone is the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.
The cell cycle process in which the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components forms the spindle midzone.
spindle midzone assembly involved in mitosis
spindle midzone biogenesis involved in mitosis
spindle midzone formation involved in mitosis
The formation of the spindle midzone, the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap, as a part of the process of meiosis.
spindle midzone assembly involved in meiosis
spindle midzone biogenesis involved in meiosis
spindle midzone biosynthesis involved in meiosis
spindle midzone formation involved in meiosis
The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein.
The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
protein homooligomer biosynthetic process
The process in which protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers, are broken down. Depolymerization occurs by the successive removal of monomers from an existing poly- or oligomeric protein.
The formation of a protein tetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
obsolete microcin E492 biosynthetic process by siderophore ester modification of peptidyl-serine
OBSOLETE. The modification of serine to N-[5-(6-O-seryl-beta-glucosyl)-2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl]-O-[N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-O-[N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)seryl]seryl]serine as found in microcin E492 produced from the mceA gene in plasmid pJAM229 of the E. coli VCS257 strain and the K. pneumoniae RYC492 strain.
Catalysis of the reaction: mono-olein + mono-olein = diolein + glycerol. Mono-olein, also known as mono-oleoylglycerol, is the monoglyceride formed from oleic acid, 9-octodecenoic acid; diolein is also known as dioleoylglycerol.
acyl-CoA-independent mono-olein transacylation
monooleoylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity
mono-oleoylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity
monooleoylglycerol transacylase activity
mono-oleoylglycerol transacylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: diolein + mono-olein = triolein + glycerol. Mono-olein, also known as mono-oleoylglycerol, is the monoglyceride formed from oleic acid, 9-octodecenoic acid; diolein is also known as dioleoylglycerol, and triolein as trioleoylglycerol and olein.
acyl-CoA-independent diolein transacylation
dioleoylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity
sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: siroheme + 2 H+ = Fe(2+) + sirohydrochlorin.
siroheme ferro-lyase (sirohydrochlorin-forming)
CP2 mannose-ethanolamine phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ethanolamine phosphate + Man-alpha-(1,2)-Man-alpha-(1,2)-Man-alpha-(1,6)-R = Man-alpha-(1,2)-Man-alpha-6-P-EtN-(1,2)-Man-alpha-(1,6)-R; R is Man-alpha(1,4)-GlcNH2-inositol-PO4-lipid. This reaction is the transfer of ethanolamine phosphate to C6 of second mannose in the GPI lipid precursor CP2.
addition of ethanolamine phosphate to mannose of GPI precursor CP2
CP2 ethanolamine phosphate transferase activity
CP2 phosphoethanolamine transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-keto amide + 2 H+ (from donor) = (R)-hydroxy amide. Alpha-keto amides are of the form R-CO-CONH2, where R may be aromatic or aliphatic.
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-keto ester + 2 H+ (from donor) = (R)-hydroxy ester. Alpha-keto esters are of the form R(1)-CO-CO-O-R(2), where the R groups may be aromatic or aliphatic.
obsolete regulation of cellular component movement
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component.
obsolete negative regulation of cellular component movement
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component.
obsolete positive regulation of cellular component movement
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-glucans.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome.
fungal-type cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall.
chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process
regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.
regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) mobilization
regulation of cytoplasmic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
regulation of cytoplasmic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytoplasm
regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytosol
negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.
downregulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
down regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
down-regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
inhibition of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
negative regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) mobilization
negative regulation of calcium mobilization
negative regulation of cytoplasmic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
negative regulation of cytoplasmic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
negative regulation of cytosolic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
negative regulation of cytosolic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytoplasm
negative regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
negative regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytoplasm
negative regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytosol
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.
activation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
positive regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) mobilization
positive regulation of calcium mobilization
positive regulation of cytoplasmic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
positive regulation of cytoplasmic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
positive regulation of cytosolic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
positive regulation of cytosolic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytoplasm
positive regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
positive regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytoplasm
positive regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytosol
stimulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
upregulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
up regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
up-regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
regulation of sequestering of calcium ion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) retention
regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestering
regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestration
regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) storage
regulation of retention of calcium ion (Ca2+)
regulation of sequestering of calcium ion (Ca2+)
regulation of sequestration of calcium ion (Ca2+)
regulation of storage of calcium ion (Ca2+)
negative regulation of sequestering of calcium ion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
downregulation of sequestering of calcium ion
down regulation of sequestering of calcium ion
down-regulation of sequestering of calcium ion
inhibition of sequestering of calcium ion
negative regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) retention
negative regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestering
negative regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestration
negative regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) storage
negative regulation of retention of calcium ion (Ca2+)
negative regulation of sequestering of calcium ion (Ca2+)
negative regulation of sequestration of calcium ion (Ca2+)
negative regulation of storage of calcium ion (Ca2+)
positive regulation of sequestering of calcium ion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
activation of sequestering of calcium ion
positive regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) retention
positive regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestering
positive regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestration
positive regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) storage
positive regulation of retention of calcium ion (Ca2+)
positive regulation of sequestering of calcium ion (Ca2+)
positive regulation of sequestration of calcium ion (Ca2+)
positive regulation of storage of calcium ion (Ca2+)
stimulation of sequestering of calcium ion
upregulation of sequestering of calcium ion
up regulation of sequestering of calcium ion
up-regulation of sequestering of calcium ion
The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip. The cell tip is the region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.
The region at the end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.
Binding to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH.
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide binding
The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits.
protein homotetramer biosynthetic process
The formation of a protein heterotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.
protein heterotetramer biosynthetic process
The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers that are not all identical. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
protein heterooligomer biosynthetic process
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear pore complex.
The directed movement of the spindle to a specific location in the cell.
Any process that set the alignment of spindle relative to other cellular structures.
establishment of meiotic spindle localization
The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the meiotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs.
establishment of meiotic spindle localisation
spindle positioning involved in meiotic cell cycle
establishment of meiotic spindle orientation
Any process that set the alignment of meiotic spindle relative to other cellular structures.
establishment of spindle orientation during meiosis
establishment of spindle orientation involved in meiotic cell cycle
The replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
The process in which duplicated centrosome components move away from each other. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle pole body (SPB). The SPB is the microtubule organizing center in fungi, and is functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.
spindle pole body organization and biogenesis
The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells.
establishment of chromosome localization
The directed movement of a chromosome to a specific location.
establishment of chromosome localisation
The cell cycle process in which paired chromosomes are detached from each other. Chromosome separation begins with the release of cohesin complexes from chromosomes; in budding yeast, this includes the cleavage of cohesin complexes along the chromosome arms, followed by the separation of the centromeric regions. Chromosome separation also includes formation of chromatid axes mediated by condensins, and ends with the disentangling of inter-sister catenation catalyzed by topoisomerase II (topo II).
chromosome movement towards spindle pole
The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes.
The process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis.
sister chromatid separation during mitosis
The process in which chromosomes are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
The process in which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during male meiosis.
chromosome separation during male meiosis
The process in which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during female meiosis.
chromosome separation during female meiosis
The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate (spindle equator), a plane halfway between the poles of the spindle.
The cell cycle process in which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis.
metaphase plate congression during meiosis
OBSOLETE. The alteration of chromosome structure from the condensed form to a relaxed disperse form.
attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore
The cell cycle process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex as part of mitotic metaphase plate congression.
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during mitosis
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitosis
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation
attachment of spindle microtubules to mitotic chromosome
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in meiotic chromosome segregation
The cell cycle process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex contributing to meiotic chromosome segregation.
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiotic chromosome segregation
attachment of spindle microtubules to meiotic chromosome
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis).
The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place.
Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions.
The cell cycle phase, following metaphase, during which the chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle.
The cell cycle phase, following prophase or prometaphase in higher eukaryotes, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell.
The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of meiosis and mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.
The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when prophase of meiosis or mitosis begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for meiosis or mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs.
The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a meiotic cell cycle.
The cell cycle phase which begins after cytokinesis and ends when meiotic prophase begins. Meiotic cells have an interphase after each meiotic division, but only interphase I involves replication of the cell's DNA.
The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when mitotic prophase begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs.
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by meiosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by meiosis.
The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a meiotic cell cycle.
The cell cycle process in which the reformation of the nuclear membranes during meiosis occurs.
The reformation of the nuclear membranes during meiosis I.
The reformation of the nuclear membrane during meiosis II.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.
Nuclear division that occurs by simple constriction of the nucleus without chromosome condensation or spindle formation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate. Ligase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 6.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase regulator
3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase regulator
regulation of 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity
regulation of 3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
regulation of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity
regulation of cGMP phosphodiesterase activity
regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
positive regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activator
3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activator
activation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
positive regulation of 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity
positive regulation of 3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
positive regulation of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity
positive regulation of cGMP phosphodiesterase activity
positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
stimulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
upregulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
up regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
up-regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
negative regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor
3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor
downregulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
down regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
down-regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
negative regulation of 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity
negative regulation of 3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
negative regulation of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity
negative regulation of cGMP phosphodiesterase activity
negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
positive regulation of hydrolase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.
negative regulation of hydrolase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.
positive regulation of transferase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor.
negative regulation of transferase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.
positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.
ribonucleotide reductase activating enzyme activity
up regulation of oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.
downregulation of oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of oxidoreductase activity
proprioception involved in equilibrioception
The series of events contributing to equilibrioception by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity.
perception of orientation with respect to gravity by proprioception
visual perception involved in equilibrioception
The series of events during equilibrioception required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual input plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity.
perception of orientation with respect to gravity by visual perception
visual perception during equilibrioception
obsolete peptide cross-linking via 3-(2-methylthio)ethyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-iminopiperazin-2-one
OBSOLETE. The formation of a 2-keto-5-iminopiperazine protein chromophore cross-link from the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n, a methionine, to the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n+1, a tyrosine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons.
obsolete peptide cross-linking via 2-imino-glutamic acid 5-imidazolinone glycine
OBSOLETE. The formation of the non-fluorescent protein chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a glutamic acid, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. This modification is found in the GFP-like non-fluorescent red chromoprotein from the sea anemone Radianthus macrodactylus.
obsolete peptide cross-linking via 2-imino-methionine 5-imidazolinone glycine
OBSOLETE. The formation of the fluorescent protein FP611 chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a methionine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. This modification is found in the GFP-like fluorescent chromoprotein from the sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor.
obsolete peptide cross-linking via L-asparagine 5-imidazolinone glycine
OBSOLETE. The formation of the fluorescent protein FP506 chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, an asparagine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons.
obsolete peptide cross-linking via L-lysine 5-imidazolinone glycine
OBSOLETE. The formation of a fluorescent protein chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a lysine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons.
obsolete peptide cross-linking via 2-tetrahydropyridinyl-5-imidazolinone glycine
OBSOLETE. The formation of a 2-tetrahydropyridinyl-5-imidazolinone protein chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a lysine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. In addition, the residue N lysine undergoes cyclization. The alpha-amino nitrogen is replaced by the epsilon-amino nitrogen, the peptide chain is broken, residue N-1 is released as an amide, and a double bond is formed between the alpha-carbon and the nitrogen so that a tetrahydropyridine ring results. This modification is found in the GFP-like fluorescent chromoprotein FP538 from the sea anemone Zoanthus species.
peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via L-alanyl-pentaglycyl-murein
The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via a carboxy terminal alanine carboxyl group through a pentaglycyl peptide to the lysine or diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.
N-terminal peptidyl-proline N-formylation
The formylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N-formylproline.
cellular response to potassium ion starvation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of potassium ions.
cellular response to potassium ion deprivation
cellular response to potassium starvation
The modification of a protein amino acid by formation of an ester or amide with decanoic acid.
The decanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-decanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin.
The octanoylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O3-octanoyl-L-threonine, typical of the protein ghrelin.
The decanoylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O3-decanoyl-L-threonine, typical of the protein ghrelin.
OBSOLETE. Binding to Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ motif protein (ZASP). ZASP is a Z-band protein specifically expressed in heart and skeletal muscle. This protein contains N-terminal PDZ domain and C-terminal LIM domain.
Binding to muscle isoforms of actinin. Muscle alpha-actinin isoforms are found in skeletal and cardiac muscle and are localized to the Z-disc.
Binding to a member of the FATZ family of proteins, filamin-, actinin-, and telethonin-binding proteins of the Z-disc of striated muscle. FATZ proteins are located in the Z-disc of the sarcomere and are involved in a complex network of interactions with other Z-band components.
filamin-, actinin- and telethonin-binding protein of the Z-disc of striated muscle
mannose-ethanolamine phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of ethanolamine phosphate to a mannose residue in the GPI lipid precursor.
addition of ethanolamine phosphate to mannose of GPI precursor
ethanolamine phosphate transferase activity
phosphoethanolamine transferase activity
Binding to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.
Binding to epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.
Binding to norepinephrine, (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol), a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
Binding to histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
centromere/kinetochore complex maturation
centromere and kinetochore complex maturation
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.
regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signalling pathway
regulation of NGF receptor signaling pathway
regulation of NGF receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.
downregulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of NGF receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of NGF receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.
activation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of NGF receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of NGF receptor signalling pathway
stimulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK).
obsolete inactivation of MAPKKK activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK).
The modification of tRNA structure by addition of an acetyl group to tRNA. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cytidine = CoA + N4-acetylcytidine. The cytidine is within the polynucleotide chain of a tRNA.
tRNA cytidine N-acetyltransferase activity
Binding to alpha-actinin, one of a family of proteins that cross-link F-actin as antiparallel homodimers. Alpha-actinin has a molecular mass of 93-103 KDa; at the N-terminus there are two calponin homology domains, at the C-terminus there are two EF-hands. These two domains are connected by the rod domain. This domain is formed by triple-helical spectrin repeats.
regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.
negative regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.
downregulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
down regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
down-regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
inhibition of nerve growth factor receptor activity
negative regulation of NGF receptor activity
positive regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.
activation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
positive regulation of NGF receptor activity
stimulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
upregulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
up regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
up-regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
obsolete N-terminal basic amino acid aminopeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of basic amino acid residues at the N-terminal of an oligopeptide or polypeptide chain.
obsolete N-terminal lysine aminopeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a lysine residue from the N-terminal of an oligopeptide or polypeptide chain.
obsolete N-terminal arginine aminopeptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an arginine residue from the N-terminal of an oligopeptide or polypeptide chain.
Binding to a Bcl-2 homology (BH) protein domain. Bcl-2-related proteins share homology in one to four conserved regions designated the Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4. These domains contribute at multiple levels to the function of these proteins in cell death and survival. Anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family have four BH domains (BH1-BH4). Pro-apoptotic members have fewer BH domains.
Binding to a calponin homology protein domain, a domain of 100 residues that occurs in signaling and cytoskeletal proteins.
Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
neuronal cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
neuron programmed cell death by apoptosis
programmed cell death of neuronal cells by apoptosis
programmed cell death of neurons by apoptosis
The series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated MAP kinase cascade relays a signal; MAP kinase cascades involve at least three protein kinase activities and culminate in the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase.
stress-activated MAPKKK signaling pathway
stress-activated MAPKKK signalling pathway
stress-activated MAPK signalling pathway
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of Arg-Xaa bonds.
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the digestion of native collagen in the triple helical region at Xaa-Gly bonds.
glycerone phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycerone phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = glycerone phosphate(in) + phosphate(out).
dihydroxyacetone-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(in) + phosphate(out).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of nitrogenous compounds which are dangerous or toxic. This includes the aerobic conversion of toxic compounds to harmless substances.
OBSOLETE. Interacting selectively and non-covalently wih ALP, actinin-associated LIM protein of the Z band. ALP is a PDZ/LIM domain protein found in the Z band.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisone stimulus. Cortisone is a natural glucocorticoid steroid hormone that is metabolically convertible to cortisol. Cortisone is synthesized from cholesterol in the cortex of the adrenal gland under the stimulation of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). The main physiological effect of cortisone is on carbohydrate metabolism; it can stimulate increased glucose release from the liver, increased liver glycogen synthesis, and decreased utilization of glucose by the tissues.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions.
microtubule nucleation by interphase microtubule organizing center
The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule by the interphase microtubule organizing center during interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of chromosome segregation.
IMTOC-mediated microtubule nucleation during interphase
interphase microtubule nucleation by interphase microtubule organising centre
interphase microtubule nucleation by interphase microtubule organizing center
interphase microtubule organizing center-mediated microtubule nucleation during interphase
microtubule nucleation during interphase by IMTOC
microtubule nucleation during interphase by interphase microtubule organizing center
OBSOLETE. Binding to myotilin, a structural component of the Z-discs in human skeletal and cardiac muscle. Its C-terminus contains two immunoglobulin-like domains and the unique N-terminal half has a serine-rich region, with numerous potential phosphorylation sites, and a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids. Myotilin forms homodimers and binds to alpha-actinin, F-actin, and filamin C.
microtubule nucleation by spindle pole body
The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, mediated by the spindle pole body.
spindle pole body-mediated microtubule nucleation
microtubule nucleation by microtubule organizing center
The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, mediated by the microtubule organizing center.
microtubule nucleation by microtubule organising centre
microtubule organizing center-mediated microtubule nucleation
OBSOLETE. Binding to nebulin, a large protein (approximately 800kD) that is anchored at the Z-disc by its C-terminal region and spans the length of the thin filament, ending at the edge of the H-zone.
OBSOLETE. Binding to nebulette, a 107 kDa protein associated with the I-Z-I complex of cardiac myofibrils. It shows a high degree of homology with skeletal muscle nebulin.
regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endo-(1->4)-beta-xylanase activity, the catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans.
negative regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of endo-(1->4)-beta-xylanase activity, the catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans.
downregulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
down regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
down-regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
inhibition of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
positive regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endo-(1->4)-beta-xylanase activity, the catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans.
activation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
stimulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
upregulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
up regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
up-regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
Binding to corticotropin-releasing hormone, a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. It is released by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary gland.
Binding to a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) Binding to a phosphotyrosine-bindin domain.
phosphotyrosine-interacting domain binding
Binding to a receptor for a peptide hormone.
corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding
Binding to a receptor for corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. It is released by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary gland.
corticotropin releasing factor receptor binding
corticotropin-releasing factor receptor binding
corticotropin releasing factor receptor ligand
corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding
Binding to a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1). CRHR1 is the major subtype in the pituitary corticotroph, and mediates the stimulatory actions of corticotropin-releasing hormone on corticotropin hormone secretion. CRHR1 are also located in cortical areas of the brain, cerebellum and limbic system.
type 1 corticotropin releasing factor receptor binding
type 1 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor binding
type 1 corticotropin releasing factor receptor ligand
corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 binding
Binding to a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 2 (CRHR2). The CRHR2 has several splice variants that are located in sub-cortical areas of the brain and in the periphery.
type 2 corticotropin releasing factor receptor binding
type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor binding
type 2 corticotropin releasing factor receptor ligand
Binding to a BH1 protein domain, present in Bcl-2 family members. Proteins that act as inhibitors of apoptosis harbour at least three BH domains: BH1, BH2 and BH3; the BH1 and BH2 domains are found in all death antagonists of the Bcl-2 family but only in one class of death agonists.
Binding to a BH2 protein domain, present in Bcl-2 family members. Proteins that act as inhibitors of apoptosis harbour at least three BH domains: BH1, BH2 and BH3; the BH1 and BH2 domains are found in all death antagonists of the Bcl-2 family but only in one class of death agonists.
Binding to a BH3 protein domain, present in Bcl-2 family members. The BH3 domain is a potent death domain and has an important role in protein-protein interactions and in cell death.
Binding to a BH4 protein domain, present in Bcl-2 family members. All anti-apoptotic proteins contain BH1 and BH2 domains; some also contain an additional N-terminal BH4 domain, which is almost never seen in pro-apoptotic proteins. Loss of the BH4 domain can diminish or abrogate anti-apoptotic function or even impart outright death-promoting properties to the protein.
obsolete negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity that contributes to the mitotic cell cycle.
obsolete positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in regulation of mitotic cell cycle transition
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin ligase activity that contributes to the regulation of the mitotic cell cycle phase transition.
regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin transferase activity.
regulation of ubiquitin transferase activity
obsolete regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity that contributes to the mitotic cell cycle.
obsolete regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in meiotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity during the meiotic cell cycle.
obsolete positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in meiotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin ligase activity during the meiotic cell cycle.
obsolete negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in meiotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity during the meiotic cell cycle.
positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin transferase activity.
activation of ubiquitin transferase activity
positive regulation of ubiquitin transferase activity
stimulation of ubiquitin transferase activity
up regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
upregulation of ubiquitin transferase activity
up-regulation of ubiquitin transferase activity
negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin transferase activity.
downregulation of ubiquitin transferase activity
down regulation of ubiquitin transferase activity
down-regulation of ubiquitin transferase activity
inhibition of ubiquitin transferase activity
negative regulation of ubiquitin transferase activity
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.
modulation of meiotic cell cycle progression
regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression
regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.
activation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression
positive regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
stimulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
upregulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
up regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
up-regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.
downregulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
down regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
down-regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
inhibition of progression through meiotic cell cycle
negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression
negative regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
Binding to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.
Binding to thyrotropin-releasing hormone, a tripeptide hormone that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin by the anterior pituitary and it is produced by the hypothalamus and travels across the median eminence to the pituitary via the pituitary portal system.
The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a myoblast cell population. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
The orderly movement of a myoblast from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A myoblast is a cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
Any process that reduces the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
Any process that increases the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
monopolar spindle attachment to meiosis I kinetochore
The process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during meiosis I. During meiosis I sister kinetochores are lying next to each other facing the same spindle pole and monopolar attachment of the chromatid to the spindle occurs.
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis I
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in meiosis I
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in meiotic sister chromatid segregation
The process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during meiosis II. During meiosis II sister kinetochores are situated facing opposite spindle poles and bipolar attachment of the sister chromosomes to the spindle occurs.
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis II
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in meiosis II
maintenance of protein location in nucleus
Any process in which a protein is maintained in the nucleus and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the nucleus, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the nucleus.
maintenance of nuclear protein localization
maintenance of protein localization in nucleus
maintenance of protein location in cell nucleus
The regulated release of corticotropin by a cell. Corticotropin hormone is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted from corticotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell.
regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion
regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
regulation of adrenotropin hormone secretion
regulation of corticotropic hormone secretion
negative regulation of corticotropin secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell.
downregulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
down regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
down-regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
inhibition of adrenocorticotropin secretion
negative regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion
negative regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
negative regulation of adrenotropic hormone secretion
negative regulation of adrenotropin secretion
negative regulation of corticotropic hormone secretion
positive regulation of corticotropin secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin hormone from a cell.
activation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
positive regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion
positive regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
positive regulation of adrenotropic hormone secretion
positive regulation of adrenotropin secretion
positive regulation of corticotropic hormone secretion
stimulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
upregulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
up regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
up-regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell.
negative regulation of cortisol secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell.
positive regulation of cortisol secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell.
negative regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from a cell.
downregulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
down regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
down-regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
inhibition of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
negative regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor secretion
positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from a cell.
activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor secretion
stimulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
upregulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
up regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
up-regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
The series of events by which a steroid hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
detection of glucocorticoid hormone stimulus
The series of events by which a glucocorticoid hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the vacuole.
heterotypic vacuole fusion, non-autophagic
heterotypic vacuole fusion (non-autophagic)
The directed movement of ectoine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) is a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol.
glucosylglycerol transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a glucosylglycerol from one side of a membrane to the other. A glucosylglycerol is an alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol.
glucosylglycerol transmembrane transport
The directed movement of glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol, across a membrane.
phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent mannosylglycerate phosphotransferase system
A phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase transport specific for mammosylglycerate.
mannosylglycerate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a mannosylglycerate from one side of a membrane to the other.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosylglycerate, a very common compatible solute in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosylglycerate, a very common compatible solute in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms.
regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytosol of a cell or between the cytosol and its surroundings.
cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration regulation
cytosolic calcium ion concentration regulation
regulation of calcium ion concentration in cytoplasm
regulation of calcium ion concentration in cytosol
regulation of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration
negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.
cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration reduction
cytosolic calcium ion concentration reduction
reduction of calcium ion concentration in cytoplasm
reduction of calcium ion concentration in cytosol
reduction of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration
reduction of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled signaling pathway
Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol that occurs as part of a PLC-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. G-protein-activated PLC hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate (PIP2) to release diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). IP3 then binds to calcium release channels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to trigger calcium ion release into the cytosol.
elevation of calcium ion concentration in cytoplasm during G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
elevation of calcium ion concentration in cytosol during G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
elevation of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration during G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
elevation of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration during G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration during G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in G-protein signaling coupled to IP3 second messenger
elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled signaling pathway
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled signaling pathway
terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, independent of mevalonate. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-independent biosynthesis, it is produced from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
mevalonate-independent terpene biosynthesis
mevalonate-independent terpene biosynthetic process
mevalonate-independent terpenoid biosynthesis
mevalonate-independent terpenoid biosynthetic process
terpene biosynthesis, mevalonate-independent
terpene biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent
terpenoid anabolism, mevalonate-independent
terpenoid formation, mevalonate-independent
terpenoid synthesis, mevalonate-independent
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway involved in terpenoid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate-independent pathway that contributes to terpenoid biosynthesis. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis and is biosynthesized from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates, including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate-independent pathway, during terpenoid anabolism
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway, during terpenoid biosynthetic process
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway involved in terpenoid biosynthetic process
isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate-independent pathway, during terpenoid biosynthesis
isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate-independent pathway, during terpenoid formation
isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate-independent pathway, during terpenoid synthesis
terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-dependent
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids via isopentenyl diphosphate, synthesized by the mevalonate pathway. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-dependent terpenoid biosynthesis, acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, is converted to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates.
terpene biosynthesis, mevalonate-dependent
terpene biosynthetic process, mevalonate-dependent
terpenoid anabolism, mevalonate-dependent
terpenoid formation, mevalonate-dependent
terpenoid synthesis, mevalonate-dependent
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway involved in terpenoid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate pathway that contributes to terpenoid biosynthesis. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates.
isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate pathway, during terpenoid anabolism
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway, during terpenoid biosynthetic process
isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway, during terpenoid biosynthesis
isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway, during terpenoid formation
isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate pathway, during terpenoid synthesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
negative regulation of filopodium assembly
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
negative regulation of filopodia biosynthesis
negative regulation of filopodia formation
negative regulation of filopodium formation
positive regulation of filopodium assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
positive regulation of filopodia biosynthesis
positive regulation of filopodia formation
positive regulation of filopodium formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
downregulation of cytoskeleton organization
down regulation of cytoskeleton organization
down-regulation of cytoskeleton organization
negative regulation of cytoskeleton organisation
negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
positive regulation of cytoskeleton organisation
positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
stimulation of cytoskeleton organization
upregulation of cytoskeleton organization
up regulation of cytoskeleton organization
up-regulation of cytoskeleton organization
positive regulation of stress fiber assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.
positive regulation of stress fibre biosynthesis
positive regulation of stress fibre formation
negative regulation of stress fiber assembly
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.
downregulation of stress fiber formation
down regulation of stress fiber formation
down-regulation of stress fiber formation
negative regulation of stress fibre biosynthesis
negative regulation of stress fibre formation
syn-copalyl diphosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 9alpha-copalyl diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-aminoacyl-tRNA = D-amino acid + tRNA. Hydrolysis of the removal of D-amino acids from residues in charged tRNA.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) = D-tyrosine + tRNA(Tyr). Hydrolysis of the removal of D-tyrosine from tyrosine residues in charged tRNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpene phytoalexins, a class of diterpene formed in plants in response to fungal infection, physical damage, chemical injury, or a pathogenic process; they are sometimes referred to as plant antibiotics. Diterpenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing 20 carbon atoms and 4 branched methyl groups and are made up of isoprenoid units.
diterpene phytoalexin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpene phytoalexins, terpenoids with 20 carbons produced by plants in response to environmental stresses.
The directed movement of adenine nucleotides, ATP, ADP, and/or AMP, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
diterpene phytoalexin precursor biosynthetic process pathway
A branched pathway that produces the precursors to four structurally distinct types of polycyclic diterpenes. The pathway starts with the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate into ent-copalyl diphosphate and syn-copalyl diphosphate. The catalytic conversion by diterpene cyclases of these two compounds produces the four diterpene hydrocarbons which are precursors to the four structurally distinct classes of diterpene phytoalexins.
diterpene phytoalexin precursor anabolism pathway
diterpene phytoalexin precursor formation pathway
diterpene phytoalexin precursor synthesis pathway
ergosterol UDP-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ergosterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-ergosterol.
beta-sitosterol UDP-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a beta-sitosterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-beta-sitosterol.
stigmasterol UDP-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + stigmasterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-stigmasterol.
tomatidine UDP-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + tomatidine = UDP + O-glucosyl-tomatidine.
regulation of unidimensional cell growth
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of unidimensional cell growth, the process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis.
negative regulation of unidimensional cell growth
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of unidimensional cell growth, the process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis.
downregulation of unidimensional cell growth
down regulation of unidimensional cell growth
down-regulation of unidimensional cell growth
inhibition of unidimensional cell growth
positive regulation of unidimensional cell growth
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of unidimensional cell growth, the process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis.
activation of unidimensional cell growth
stimulation of unidimensional cell growth
upregulation of unidimensional cell growth
up regulation of unidimensional cell growth
up-regulation of unidimensional cell growth
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell.
negative regulation of monopolar cell growth
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell.
down regulation of monopolar cell growth
down-regulation of monopolar cell growth
positive regulation of monopolar cell growth
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.
negative regulation of bipolar cell growth
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.
positive regulation of bipolar cell growth
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.
Any process that initiates the inactive process of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.
Any process that stops the active process of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.
Any process that stops the active process of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell.
Any process that initiates the inactive process of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell.
cell growth mode switching, monopolar to bipolar
The process in which a cell switches from monopolar cell growth to bipolar cell growth.
cell growth mode switching, bipolar to monopolar
The process in which a cell switches from bipolar cell growth to monopolar cell growth.
Binding to NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) proteins, a family of transcription factors. NFAT proteins have crucial roles in the development and function of the immune system.
non-calcium-regulated NFAT protein binding
nuclear factor of activated T cell protein binding
Binding to an iron-sulfur cluster, a combination of iron and sulfur atoms.
Binding to a 2 iron, 2 sulfur (2Fe-2S) cluster; this cluster consists of two iron atoms, with two inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands.
Binding to a 3 iron, 4 sulfur (3Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of three iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands. It is essentially a 4Fe-4S cluster with one iron missing.
Binding to a 4 iron, 4 sulfur (4Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of four iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands.
Binding to a cluster of atoms including both metal ions and nonmetal atoms, usually sulfur and oxygen. Examples include iron-sulfur clusters and nickel-iron-sulfur clusters.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving elastin, a glycoprotein which is randomly coiled and crosslinked to form elastic fibers that are found in connective tissue.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin, a fibrous glycoprotein found in elastic tissues such as the walls of arteries.
regulation of elastin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin.
positive regulation of elastin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin.
activation of elastin biosynthetic process
stimulation of elastin biosynthetic process
upregulation of elastin biosynthetic process
up regulation of elastin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of elastin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of elastin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin.
downregulation of elastin biosynthetic process
down regulation of elastin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of elastin biosynthetic process
inhibition of elastin biosynthetic process
The directed movement of a keratinocyte, epidermal cells which synthesize keratin, from one site to another.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.
negative regulation of keratinocyte migration
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.
downregulation of keratinocyte migration
down regulation of keratinocyte migration
down-regulation of keratinocyte migration
positive regulation of keratinocyte migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aurones, a series of plant flavonoids that provide a yellow colour to flowers. They have the basic skeletal structure of two benzene rings joined by a linear C3 chain (C6-C3-C6). Aurones exist mostly as 6-O-glucosides.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aurones, a series of yellow plant pigments.
benzalcoumaran-3-one biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavones, a class of pigmented plant compounds based on 2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-phenylchromone).
2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one metabolic process
2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavones, a class of pigmented plant compounds based on 2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-phenylchromone).
2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one biosynthesis
2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonols, a member of a class of vascular pigments formed by consecutive oxidative processes from the flavonoid intermediates flavanones and dihydroflavonols. Flavonols are the most widespread of the flavonoids and have a wide array of physiological activities.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonols, a member of a class of vascular pigments formed by consecutive oxidative processes from the flavonoid intermediates flavanones and dihydroflavonols. Flavonols are the most widespread of the flavonoids and have a wide array of physiological activities.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucoanthocyanidins, a class of colorless intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of the pigmented flavonoids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucoanthocyanidins, a class of colorless intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of the pigmented flavonoids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phlobaphenes, red pigments with oligomeric or polymeric structure derived from the flavonoid intermediate flavan-4-ols.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phlobaphenes, red pigments with oligomeric or polymeric structure derived from the flavonoid intermediate flavan-4-ols.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytoplasm of a cell or between mitochondria and their surroundings.
calcium ion homeostasis in mitochondrion
mitochondrial calcium ion concentration regulation
regulation of calcium ion concentration in mitochondria
regulation of calcium ion concentration in mitochondrion
regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration
positive regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration
Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria.
elevation of calcium ion concentration in mitochondria
elevation of calcium ion concentration in mitochondrion
elevation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration
mitochondrial calcium ion concentration elevation
negative regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration
Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria.
mitochondrial calcium ion concentration reduction
reduction of calcium ion concentration in mitochondria
reduction of calcium ion concentration in mitochondrion
reduction of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration
smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.
calcium ion homeostasis in smooth endoplasmic reticulum
regulation of calcium ion concentration in smooth endoplasmic reticulum
regulation of calcium ion concentration in smooth ER
regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
regulation of smooth ER calcium ion concentration
smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration regulation
smooth ER calcium ion concentration regulation
positive regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
elevation of calcium ion concentration in smooth endoplasmic reticulum
elevation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
elevation of smooth ER calcium ion concentration
smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration elevation
negative regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
reduction of calcium ion concentration in smooth endoplasmic reticulum
reduction of calcium ion concentration in smooth ER
reduction of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
reduction of smooth ER calcium ion concentration
smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration reduction
smooth ER calcium ion concentration reduction
anthocyanidin-3-glucoside rhamnosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin 3-glucoside + UDP-rhamnose = anthocyanidin 3-rutinoside + UDP.
anthocyanidin 3-glucoside-rhamnosyltransferase activity
The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 4 of the histone.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3.
positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3.
stimulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
upregulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
up regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
up-regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
negative regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3.
downregulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
down regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
down-regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
negative regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3.
downregulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
down regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
down-regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
positive regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3.
stimulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
upregulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
up regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
up-regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity
Catalysis of the beta-elimination of the 5' deoxyribose-5-phosphate at an abasic site in DNA where a DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase has already cleaved the C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.
negative regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.
downregulation of neurotransmitter uptake
down regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
down-regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
negative regulation of neurotransmitter import
positive regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.
positive regulation of neurotransmitter import
up regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
up-regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
The directed movement of dopamine into a presynaptic neuron or glial cell. In this context, dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
dopamine import involved in synaptic transmission
dopamine reuptake involved in synaptic transmission
regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine into a cell.
regulation of dopamine import involved in synaptic transmission
negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of dopamine into a presynaptic neuron or glial cell.
downregulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
down regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
down-regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
negative regulation of dopamine import involved in synaptic transmission
positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of dopamine into a cell.
activation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
positive regulation of dopamine import involved in synaptic transmission
stimulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
upregulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
up regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
up-regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
inhibition of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of dopamine into a cell.
inhibition of dopamine import involved in synaptic transmission
regulation of neurotransmitter transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of neurotransmitter transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
downregulation of neurotransmitter transport
down regulation of neurotransmitter transport
down-regulation of neurotransmitter transport
inhibition of neurotransmitter transport
positive regulation of neurotransmitter transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
activation of neurotransmitter transport
stimulation of neurotransmitter transport
upregulation of neurotransmitter transport
up regulation of neurotransmitter transport
up-regulation of neurotransmitter transport
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
response to adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.
The series of events in which a glucose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylglyoxal stimulus. Methylglyoxal is a 2-oxoaldehyde derived from propanal.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus.
meiotic recombination checkpoint signaling
A signaling process that contributes to a meiotic recombination checkpoint, that acts during late prophase I (pachytene) and prevents segregation of homologous chromosomes until recombination is completed, ensuring proper distribution of the genetic material to the gametes.
signal transduction involved in meiotic recombination checkpoint
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it.
regulation of endocytosis by exocyst localization
Any process in which an exocyst is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location that results in the modulation of endocytosis. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse.
regulation of endocytosis by exocyst localisation
regulation of site selection of endocytosis
Any process in which an exocyst is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse.
establishment and maintenance of exocyst localization
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.
proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process
The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.
peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolism
peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolism
proteolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
proteolysis during cellular protein catabolism
proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal.
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism.
The directed movement of histamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a cell.
The directed movement of serotonin into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin into a cell.
regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell.
negative regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell.
positive regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake
Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell.
inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake
The directed movement of histamine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter histamine into a cell.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of histamine into a cell.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of histamine into a cell.
Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of histamine into a cell.
The directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine into a cell.
negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell.
down regulation of norepinephrine uptake
down-regulation of norepinephrine uptake
negative regulation of levarterenol uptake
negative regulation of noradrenaline uptake
negative regulation of norepinephrine import
positive regulation of norepinephrine uptake
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell.
positive regulation of levarterenol uptake
positive regulation of noradrenaline uptake
positive regulation of norepinephrine import
Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell.
The directed movement of epinephrine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Epinephrine is a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter epinephrine into a cell.
negative regulation of epinephrine uptake
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.
negative regulation of adrenaline uptake
negative regulation of epinephrine import
positive regulation of epinephrine uptake
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.
positive regulation of adrenaline uptake
positive regulation of epinephrine import
Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.
The directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into a cell.
negative regulation of acetylcholine uptake
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell.
negative regulation of acetylcholine import
positive regulation of acetylcholine uptake
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell.
positive regulation of acetylcholine import
Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell.
OBSOLETE. Binding to a component on the surface of a bacterial cell.
obsolete Gram-negative bacterial cell surface binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a component on the surface of a Gram-negative bacterial cell.
obsolete Gram-positive bacterial cell surface binding
OBSOLETE. Binding to a component on the surface of a Gram-positive bacterium.
The removal of capping protein from the barbed (or plus) end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
The assembly of a network of actin filaments; actin filaments on different axes and with differing orientations are crosslinked together to form a mesh of filaments.
Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of organelle localization
A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane.
establishment and maintenance of cellular localization
establishment and maintenance of localization in cell or cell membrane
Any process in which a centrosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
establishment and maintenance of centrosome localization
Any process in which endoplasmic reticulum is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
establishment and maintenance of ER localization
Any process in which a plastid is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
establishment and maintenance of plastid localization
Any process in which the Golgi is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
establishment and maintenance of Golgi localization
Any process in which a mitochondrion or mitochondria are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
establishment and maintenance of mitochondria localization
establishment and maintenance of mitochondrion localization
Any process in which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
establishment and maintenance of nucleus localization
Any process in which a vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of vesicle localization
Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.
establishment of intracellular localization
establishment of localization within cell
The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location.
Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of intracellular localization
Any process in which a chromosome is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
Any process in which is the spindle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of spindle localization
establishment of mitochondrion localization
The directed movement of the mitochondrion to a specific location.
establishment of mitochondria localization
establishment of mitochondrion localisation
Any process in which a vesicle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location.
Any process in which an organelle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
Any process in which the nucleus is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
Any process in which a mitochondrion is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of mitochondria localization
maintenance of mitochondrion localization
establishment of centrosome localization
The directed movement of the centrosome to a specific location.
establishment of centrosome localisation
Any process in which a centrosome is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification
The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell during the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte.
establishment and maintenance of oocyte nucleus localization during oocyte axis determination
oocyte axis determination, oocyte nucleus localization
oocyte nucleus localisation involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification
oocyte nucleus localization during oocyte axis determination
oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis determination
oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal-ventral axis specification
oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsoventral axis specification
Any process in which nuclear pores are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of nuclear pore localization
Any process in which membrane rafts are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.
establishment and maintenance of membrane raft localization
Any process in which actin cortical patches are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. An actin cortical patch is a discrete actin-containing structure found just beneath the plasma membrane in fungal cells.
establishment and maintenance of actin cortical patch localization
The directed movement of a plastid to a specific location in the cell.
Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane.
establishment and maintenance of localization in membrane
establishment and maintenance of position in membrane
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing 2,1- and 2,6-linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.
polysaccharide beta-fructofuranosidase activity
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 2,1-beta-D-fructosidic linkages in inulin.
2,1-beta-D-fructan fructanohydrolase activity
obsolete induction of autolysin activity in other organism
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme autolysin in another organism. The autolysin enzyme belongs to, and is active in, the other organism.
obsolete catabolism by organism of cell wall peptidoglycan in other organism
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the cell wall peptidoglycans of another organism.
disruption of membrane integrity in another organism
The disruption of a membrane of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of the membrane.
cytolysis, by membrane disruption, in other organism
disruption by organism of host cell membrane
disruption by virus of host cell membrane
Any process in which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of cell localization
establishment and maintenance of localization of cell
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pullulan to isopanose (6-alpha-maltosylglucose).
pullulan 4-glucanohydrolase (isopanose-forming) activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.
6-alpha-maltosylglucose metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-alpha-maltosylglucose, also known as isopanose.
6-alpha-maltosylglucose biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 6-alpha-maltosylglucose, also known as isopanose.
6-alpha-maltosylglucose catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-alpha-maltosylglucose, also known as isopanose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactosyl and D-mannosyl. The mannosyl units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactosyl as single side units.
The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location.
establishment of Golgi apparatus localization
establishment of Golgi body localization
Any process in which the Golgi is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of Golgi apparatus localization
Any process in which the endoplasmic reticulum is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum localization
The directed movement of the endoplasmic reticulum to a specific location.
establishment of endoplasmic reticulum localization
Any process in which the spindle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
Any process in which a plastid is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
obsolete cellular oligosaccharide metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells.
obsolete cellular oligosaccharide catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells.
The binding of a protein or protein complex to the end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
The binding of a protein or protein complex to the pointed (or minus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
minus-end actin filament capping activity
The removal of capping protein from the end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
The removal of capping protein from the pointed (or minus) end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
The breakage of covalent bonds to detach lipid groups from a protein.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + O2 = L-2-aminoadipic 6-semialdehyde + L-glutamate + H2O2.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + O2 + H2O = L-delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + H2O2.
Catalysis of the reaction: fructosyl-amino acid + O2 = corresponding amino acid + glucosone + H2O2.
biological process involved in interaction with host
An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term host is used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism.
biological process involved in interaction with symbiont
An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term symbiont is used for the smaller (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism.
biological process involved in intraspecies interaction between organisms
Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of the same species.
intraspecies interaction between organisms
intraspecies interaction with other organisms
OBSOLETE. A biological process which involves another organism of the same or different species.
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism has a behavioral effect on another organism of the same or different species.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism.
regulation of killing of cells of another organism
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism.
modulation by organism of apoptotic process in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation of programmed cell death in other organism
modulation of programmed cell death in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
regulation of killing of cells of other organism
obsolete regulation of cytolysis in another organism
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by an organism of cells in another organism.
negative regulation of killing of cells of another organism
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism.
downregulation of killing of cells of another organism
down regulation of killing of cells of another organism
down-regulation of killing of cells of another organism
inhibition of killing of cells of another organism
negative regulation of killing of cells of other organism
positive regulation of killing of cells of another organism
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism.
activation by organism of apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
activation of killing of cells of another organism
enhancement of other organism programmed cell death by organism
positive regulation of killing of cells of other organism
stimulation of killing of cells of another organism
upregulation of killing of cells of another organism
up regulation of killing of cells of another organism
up-regulation of killing of cells of another organism
obsolete negative regulation of cytolysis in another organism
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis of cells in another organism.
obsolete positive regulation of cytolysis in another organism
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by an organism of cells in another organism.
The killing by an organism of a cell in another organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.
envenomation resulting in cytolysis in another organism
envenomation resulting in cytolysis in other organism
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell.
inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate + phosphate.
inositol (1,3,4,5)-tetrakisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity
inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 3-phosphomonoesterase activity
inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate-5-phosphomonoesterase activity
DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpG substrates
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + CpG (in DNA) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-MeCpG (in DNA).
DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpN substrates
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing CpN = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-MeCpN.
DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpNpG substrates
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing CpNpG = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-MeCpNpG.
protein C-terminal methylesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: C-terminal protein amino acid methyl ester + H2O = protein amino acid + methanol.
protein phosphatase methylesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protein amino acid methyl ester + H2O = protein amino acid + methanol.
protein carboxylic ester hydrolase activity
protein carboxyl methylesterase activity
Enables the transfer of NAD from one side of a membrane to the other.
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
The process of removing one or more ADP-ribose residues from a protein.
protein poly(ADP-ribose) catabolic process
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
arrest of mitotic cell cycle progression
negative regulation of cell cycle arrest
positive regulation of cell cycle arrest
regulation of progression through cell cycle
obsolete cell cycle switching, meiotic to mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. The process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from meiotic to mitotic division.
cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle
The process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.
cell cycle switching, mitosis to meiosis
germline cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle
The process in which a germline cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.
germline cell cycle switching, mitosis to meiosis
germline conversion to meiotic cell cycle
germline initiation of meiotic cell cycle
GTP-dependent polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephospho-RNA = GDP + 5'-phospho-RNA.
GTP:5'-dephosphopolyribonucleotide 5'-phosphotransferase activity
GTP-dependent polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity
GTP-dependent polyribonucleotide kinase activity
GTP-dependent RNA 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity
polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = NDP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA.
5'-dephosphopolynucleotide kinase activity
5'-hydroxyl polynucleotide kinase activity
polynucleotide 5'-hydroxy-kinase activity
polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl kinase (phosphorylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + 5'-dephospho-RNA = NDP + 5'-phospho-RNA.
5'-hydroxyl polyribonucleotide kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + 5'-dephospho-DNA = NDP + 5'-phospho-DNA.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = ADP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA.
ATP:5'-dephosphopolynucleotide 5'-phosphatase activity
ATP:5'-dephosphopolynucleotide 5'-phosphotransferase activity
ATP-dependent polynucleotide kinase activity
GTP-dependent polynucleotide kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = GDP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA.
GTP:5'-dephosphopolynucleotide 5'-phosphotransferase activity
polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5'-dephospho-RNA = ADP + 5'-phospho-RNA.
ATP:5'-dephosphopolyribonucleotide 5'-phosphotransferase activity
ATP-dependent polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity
ATP-dependent polyribonucleotide kinase activity
ATP-dependent RNA 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity
GTP-dependent polydeoxyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephospho-DNA = GDP + 5'-phospho-DNA.
GTP:5'-dephosphopolydeoxyribonucleotide 5'-phosphotransferase activity
GTP-dependent DNA 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity
GTP-dependent polydeoxyribonucleotide kinase activity
Binding to xanthophylls, any of several neutral yellow to orange carotenoid pigments containing oxygen.
Binding to ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.
2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-methionine = 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.
2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-methionine = 2,3-dimethyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.
red chlorophyll catabolite reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: red chlorophyll catabolite + reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ = primary fluorescent catabolite + oxidized ferredoxin. This reaction is the reduction of the C20/C1 double bond in the pyrrole system of red chlorophyll catabolite (RCC) to a colorless tetrapyrrole (pFCC) with a strong blue fluorescence.
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: divinyl protochlorophyllide a + NADPH + H+ = monovinyl protochlorophyllide a + NADP+.
4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + NAD(P)H + H+ = isopentenyl diphosphate + NAD(P)+ + H2O. Note that (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate is an alternative name for 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate.
4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase activity
isopentenyl-diphosphate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the cyclization of 3(S)-oxidosqualene to (3S,13S,14R)-malabarica-8,17,21-trien-3-ol (thalianol).
Catalysis of the reaction: methyl-dCpdG DNA + H2O = dCpdG DNA + methanol. This reaction is the hydrolytic removal of the methyl group on the 5 position of cytosine in DNA.
DNA methyltransferase activity acting on cytosine C-5
UTP-monosaccharide-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + a monosaccharide 1-phosphate = diphosphate + UDP-monosaccharide.
UDP-monosaccharide diphosphorylase activity
UDP-monosaccharide pyrophosphorylase activity
indole acetic acid carboxyl methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: indole acetic acid + S-adenosyl-methionine = methyl indole acetic acid ester + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.
delta(3,5)-delta(2,4)-dienoyl-CoA isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a (3E,5Z)-dienoyl-CoA = a (2E,4E)-(5,6-saturated)-dienoyl-CoA.
delta(3,5),delta(2,4)-dienoyl-coenzyme A isomerase activity
delta3,5-delta2,4-dienoyl-CoA isomerase activity
delta5-delta2,4-dienoyl-CoA isomerase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->4) linkage.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [phospho-alpha-glucan] + H2O = AMP + O-phospho-[phospho-alpha-glucan] + phosphate.
ATP:phospho-alpha-glucan, water phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: mannan(n) + GDP-mannose = mannan(n+1) + GDP. This reaction is the formation of the beta-(1->4)-linked mannan backbone in substrates such as galactomannan.
galactomannan beta-1,4-mannosyltransferase activity
mannan beta-1,4-mannosyltransferase activity
meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric
The cell cycle process in which centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during meiosis.
centromeric meiotic sister chromatin cohesion
meiotic sister chromatid cohesion at centromere
sister chromatid cohesion at centromere at meiosis I
The cell cycle process in which sister chromatid arms are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
meiotic sister chromatid centromere separation
The cell cycle process in which the centromeres of sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
The process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
homologous chromosome movement towards spindle pole in meiosis I anaphase
The directed movement of homologous chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during meiosis I anaphase.
homologous chromosome movement towards spindle pole during meiosis I
meiosis I, homologous chromosome movement towards spindle pole
sister chromosome movement towards spindle pole involved in meiotic sister chromatid segregation
The directed movement of sister chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during meiosis II.
meiosis II, sister chromosome movement towards spindle pole
sister chromosome movement towards spindle pole during meiosis II
The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the chromosome arms during meiosis.
meiotic sister chromatid cohesion along arms
sister chromatid cohesion along arms at meiosis I
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene.
The process in which two or more actin filaments are connected together by proteins that act as crosslinks between the filaments. The crosslinked filaments may be on the same or differing axes.
inositol tetrakisphosphate kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: inositol tetrakisphosphate + ATP = inositol pentakisphosphate + ADP.
Catalysis of the reaction: inositol trisphosphate + ATP = inositol tetrakisphosphate + ADP.
nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric-oxide synthase, an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+.
brain nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
endothelial nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
inducible nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthesis
nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthetic process
nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthesis
nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthetic process
nitric-oxide synthase-1 biosynthetic process
nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
nitric-oxide synthase-2 biosynthetic process
nitric-oxide synthase-3 biosynthetic process
regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric-oxide synthase enzyme.
regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthesis
regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthetic process
regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthesis
regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthetic process
regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthesis
regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthetic process
regulation of NO synthase biosynthetic process
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric oxide synthase enzyme.
activation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
activation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthesis
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthetic process
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthesis
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthetic process
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthesis
positive regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthetic process
positive regulation of NOS biosynthetic process
positive regulation of NO synthase biosynthesis
positive regulation of NO synthase biosynthetic process
stimulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
stimulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
upregulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
up regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
up-regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
upregulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
up regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
up-regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric-oxide synthase enzyme.
downregulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
down regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
down-regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
downregulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
down regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
down-regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
inhibition of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
inhibition of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthesis
negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthetic process
negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthesis
negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthetic process
negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthesis
negative regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthetic process
negative regulation of NOS biosynthetic process
negative regulation of NO synthase biosynthesis
negative regulation of NO synthase biosynthetic process
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating redox state. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.
The series of events in which a chemical stimulus indicating redox state is received and converted into a molecular signal. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.
Catalysis of the reaction: ent-kaurenoate + NADPH + O2 = ent-7-alpha-hydroxykaurenoate + NADP+ + H2O. This is the first of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12).
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating) activity
ent-7-alpha-hydroxykaurenoate oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ent-7-alpha-hydroxykaurenoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = gibberellin 12-aldehyde + NADP+ + 2 H2O. This is the second of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12).
gibberellin 12-aldehyde oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin 12-aldehyde + NADPH + H+ + O2 = gibberellin 12 + NADP+ + H2O. This is the third of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12).
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nutrient stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information.
all-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH(2). Note that this reaction has only been observed to occur in the opposite direction.
(13,14)-all-trans-retinol saturase activity
all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol:acceptor 13,14-oxidoreductase activity
all-trans-retinol:all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol saturase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein stimulus.
short-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.
short chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a medium-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.
medium chain fatty acid metabolic process
medium-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.
medium chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.
medium chain fatty acid catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of timing of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.
positive regulation of timing of catagen
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of timing of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.
negative regulation of timing of catagen
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.
positive regulation of hair follicle development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.
stimulation of hair follicle development
upregulation of hair follicle development
up regulation of hair follicle development
up-regulation of hair follicle development
negative regulation of hair follicle development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.
downregulation of hair follicle development
down regulation of hair follicle development
down-regulation of hair follicle development
phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.
obsolete cytolysis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The killing by an organism of a cell in a second organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of cytolysis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by that organism of cells in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of cytolysis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of cytolysis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete movement in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism or its progeny spreads from one location to another within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete migration in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directional movement of an organism from one place to another within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete acquisition of nutrients from other organism during symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The production of structures and/or molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and/or utilization of nutrients obtained from a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation of process of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete disruption of cells of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. A process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the second organism's cells, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
induction by symbiont of tumor or growth in host
The process in which a symbiont causes the formation of a mass of cells in a host organism. While these growths are often called nodules, they are not formed as nitrogen-fixing structures, but rather to provide an environment for the symbiont to grow. In this sense they are parasitic structures rather than mutualistic.
induction by symbiont in host of tumor, nodule, or growth
induction by symbiont in host of tumor, nodule, or growth containing transformed cells
induction by symbiont of nodulation, tumor or growth in host
induction of tumor, nodule, or growth containing transformed cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
induction of tumor, nodule, or growth containing transformed cells in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
induction of tumor, nodule, or growth in other organism during symbiotic interaction
induction of tumor, nodule, or growth in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
obsolete dissemination or transmission of organism from other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The movement of an organism from a second organism to another place in the environment, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. The first organism may also move to a different organism.
obsolete dissemination or transmission of organism from other organism by vector involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The movement of an organism from a second organism to another place in the environment by means of a vector, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. The first organism may also move to a different organism, and the vector organism is often an insect or an animal.
regulation of synapse structural plasticity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse structural plasticity. Synapse structural plasticity is a type of cytoskeletal remodeling; this remodeling is induced by stimuli that can lead to long term potentiation and it can be activity-dependent or -independent. Examples of cytoskeletal changes include the formation of new spines and increase in spine size; this can be accompanied by the insertion of greater numbers of glutamate (or other neurotransmitter) receptors into the post-synaptic membrane.
regulation of synaptic structural plasticity
negative regulation of synapse structural plasticity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse structural plasticity.
downregulation of synapse structural plasticity
down regulation of synapse structural plasticity
down-regulation of synapse structural plasticity
inhibition of synapse structural plasticity
obsolete growth or development on or near surface of other organism during symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of an organism, or the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near the exterior of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete growth or development in other organism during symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of an organism, or the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring within the cells or tissues of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down the tissue of the second organism.
positive regulation of synapse structural plasticity
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic structural plasticity.
activation of synapse structural plasticity
stimulation of synapse structural plasticity
upregulation of synapse structural plasticity
up regulation of synapse structural plasticity
up-regulation of synapse structural plasticity
The killing by an organism of a cell in its symbiont organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by that organism of cells in its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete evasion or tolerance of symbiont immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process, either active or passive, by which an organism avoids the effects of the symbiont organism's immune response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete evasion or tolerance of symbiont defense response
OBSOLETE. Any process, either active or passive, by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of a symbiont organism's defense response. The symbiont defense response is mounted by the symbiont in response to the presence of the organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
translocation of peptides or proteins into symbiont
The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
transport of peptides or proteins into symbiont
obsolete passive evasion of symbiont immune response
OBSOLETE. Any mechanism of immune avoidance that does not directly interfere with the symbiont immune system. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete active evasion of symbiont immune response
OBSOLETE. Any mechanism of immune avoidance that directly affects the symbiont immune system, e.g. blocking any stage in symbiont MHC class I and II presentation. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete active evasion of symbiont immune response via regulation of symbiont complement system
OBSOLETE. Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the symbiont complement system, e.g. by possessing complement receptors which mediate attachment to, then infection of, symbiont macrophages, which are eventually destroyed. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete active evasion of symbiont immune response via regulation of symbiont cytokine network
OBSOLETE. Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating symbiont cytokine networks, e.g. by secreting proteins that mimic cytokine receptors that act to sequester symbiont cytokines and inhibit action. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete active evasion of symbiont immune response via regulation of symbiont antigen processing and presentation
OBSOLETE. Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the symbiont's antigen processing or presentation pathways, e.g. by blocking any stage in MHC class II presentation. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The production of structures and/or molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and/or utilization of nutrients obtained from its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modification by host of symbiont morphology or physiology
obsolete induction in symbiont of tumor, nodule, or growth
OBSOLETE. The process by which an associated organism causes the formation of an abnormal mass of cells in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete induction in symbiont of tumor, nodule, or growth containing transformed cells
OBSOLETE. The process by which an organism causes the formation in its symbiont organism of an abnormal growth whose cells have been transformed and continue to exist in the absence of the first organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete growth or development of organism on or near symbiont surface
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of an organism, or the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near the exterior of its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. Any process, either constitutive or induced, by which an organism evades, minimizes, or suppresses the effects of its symbiont organism's defense(s). The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete suppression of symbiont defenses
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont defense(s) by active mechanisms that normally result in the shutting down of a symbiont pathway. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete evasion or tolerance of symbiont defenses
OBSOLETE. The process, either active or passive, by which an organism evades or tolerates the effects of the defense(s) or defense molecules of a symbiont organism. Symbiont defenses may be induced by the presence of the organism or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Binding to a glycolipid, any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic group such as an acylglycerol, a sphingoid, a ceramide (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate.
translocation of molecules into symbiont
The directed movement of molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete translocation of DNA into symbiont
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of DNA from an organism to a location inside the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.
[histone-H3]-lysine-36 demethylase activity
histone demethylase activity (H3-K36 specific)
histone H3-lysine-36 demethylase activity
histone H3-methyl-lysine-36 demethylase activity
histone-lysine(H3-K36) demethylase activity
histone-lysine (H3-K36) demethylase activity
histone-lysine demethylase activity (H3-K36 specific)
The ubiquitination by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein. Ubiquitination occurs on the lysine residue by formation of an isopeptide crosslink.
General adaptation syndrome is the set of changes in various organ systems of the body, especially the pituitary-endocrine system, in response to a wide range of strong external stimuli, both physiological and psychological. It is described as having three stages: alarm reaction, where the body detects the external stimulus; adaptation, where the body engages defensive countermeasures against the stressor; and exhaustion, where the body begins to run out of defenses.
general adaptation syndrome, physiological process
general adaptation syndrome, physiological response
physiological process during general adaptation syndrome
physiological response during general adaptation syndrome
general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process
The set of behavioral processes that occur as part of the general adaptation syndrome, the response of the body to a strong, stressful stimulus.
behavioral process during general adaptation syndrome
behavioral response during general adaptation syndrome
behavioural process during general adaptation syndrome
behavioural response during general adaptation syndrome
general adaptation syndrome, behavioral response
general adaptation syndrome, behavioural process
general adaptation syndrome, behavioural response
Binding to methotrexate, an antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of tetrahydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.
Binding to dihydrofolic acid, a folic acid in which the bicyclic pteridine structure is in the dihydro, partially reduced form; they are intermediates in folate metabolism and are reduced to their tetrahydro, reduced forms.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.
Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
sphinganine-1-phosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.
dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate catabolic process
dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate catabolism
Any process in which a pigment granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
The directed movement of pigment granules within a cell towards the cell periphery.
pigment granule aggregation in cell center
The directed movement of dispersed pigment granules towards the center of the cell.
The cell cycle process in which lateral elements are formed. Axial elements form a proteinaceous core between the two sister chromatids of each chromosome; the two axial elements then connect along their entire lengths by fine fibers known as transverse filaments, forming the lateral elements.
Binding to Hsp90 proteins, any of a group of heat shock proteins around 90kDa in size.
Binding to G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad. The stacking of guanine tetrads results in G-quadruplex DNA structures. G-quadruplex DNA can form under physiological conditions from some G-rich sequences, such as those found in telomeres, immunoglobulin switch regions, gene promoters, fragile X repeats, and the dimerization domain in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome.
regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential
Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
The process in which the potential difference across the mitochondrial membrane is reduced from its steady state level.
obsolete killing of cells in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of timing of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of timing of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of timing of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of timing of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.
regulation of cardioblast differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
activation of cardioblast differentiation
stimulation of cardioblast differentiation
upregulation of cardioblast differentiation
up regulation of cardioblast differentiation
up-regulation of cardioblast differentiation
negative regulation of cardioblast differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
downregulation of cardioblast differentiation
down regulation of cardioblast differentiation
down-regulation of cardioblast differentiation
inhibition of cardioblast differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion formation, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.
positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.
upregulation of focal adhesion formation
up regulation of focal adhesion formation
up-regulation of focal adhesion formation
negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.
downregulation of focal adhesion formation
down regulation of focal adhesion formation
down-regulation of focal adhesion formation
regulation of protein kinase B signaling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
regulation of protein kinase B signalling cascade
positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
activation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
positive regulation of AKT signaling cascade
positive regulation of AKT signalling cascade
positive regulation of PKB signaling cascade
positive regulation of PKB signalling cascade
positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
positive regulation of protein kinase B signalling cascade
stimulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
upregulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
up regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
up-regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
downregulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
down regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
down-regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
inhibition of protein kinase B signaling cascade
negative regulation of AKT signaling cascade
negative regulation of AKT signalling cascade
negative regulation of PKB signaling cascade
negative regulation of PKB signalling cascade
negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
negative regulation of protein kinase B signalling cascade
The process in which membrane potential decreases with respect to its steady-state potential, usually from negative potential to a more positive potential. For example, the initial depolarization during the rising phase of an action potential is in the direction from the negative steady-state resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.
regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.
positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.
activation of mitochondrial depolarization
stimulation of mitochondrial depolarization
upregulation of mitochondrial depolarization
up regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
up-regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.
downregulation of mitochondrial depolarization
down regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
down-regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
inhibition of mitochondrial depolarization
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD(P)+ = S-formylglutathione + NAD(P)H + H+.
class III alcohol dehydrogenase activity
glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
NAD- and glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
NAD-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
NAD-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
The directed movement of pigment granules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
establishment of pigment granule localization
The directed movement of a pigment granule to a specific location.
establishment of pigment granule localisation
Any process in which a pigment granule is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of pigment granule localization
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione = formaldehyde + glutathione.
glutathione-dependent formaldehyde-activating enzyme activity
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione formaldehyde-lyase (glutathione-forming)
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione formaldehyde-lyase activity
double-stranded DNA 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.
double-stranded DNA specific 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity
acetylenecarboxylate hydratase activity, producing 3-hydroxypropenoate
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropenoate = propynoate + H2O.
3-hydroxypropenoate dehydratase activity
Methanosarcina-phenazine hydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + 2-(2,3-dihydropentaprenyloxy)phenazine = 2-dihydropentaprenyloxyphenazine.
coenzyme-M-7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine-phosphate-heterodisulfide hydrogenase activity
hydrogen:2-(2,3-dihydropentaprenyloxy)phenazine oxidoreductase activity
methylviologen-reducing hydrogenase activity
CoB--CoM heterodisulfide reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + coenzyme M + methanophenazine = N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine + dihydromethanophenazine.
CoB-CoM heterodisulfide reductase activity
coenzyme B:coenzyme M:methanophenazine oxidoreductase activity
coenzyme B--coenzyme M heterodisulfide reductase activity
soluble heterodisulfide reductase activity
regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
The process in which a chemical substance modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
regulation of synaptic plasticity by drug
positive regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
The process in which a chemical substance increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
activation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
positive regulation of synaptic plasticity by drug
stimulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
upregulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
up regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
up-regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
induction of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
The process in which a chemical substance activates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
activation of synaptic plasticity by drug
induction of synaptic plasticity by drug
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor binding
Binding to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF.
granulocyte colony stimulating factor binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.
Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithol + ROOH = [protein]-disulfide + H2O + ROH.
adenosylcobyric acid synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4 L-glutamine + adenosylcob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide + 4 ATP + 4 H2O = 4 L-glutamate + adenosylcobyrate + 4 ADP + 8 H+ + 4 phosphate.
5'-deoxy-5'-adenosylcobyrinic-acid-a,c-diamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase activity
adenosylcobyric acid synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) activity
adenosylcobyrinic-acid-a,c-diamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)
Ado-cobyric acid synthase [glutamine hydrolyzing] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + cholesterol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + cholesterol sulfate + H+.
The addition of a sulfate group to a molecule.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
obsolete regulation of calcium ion transport via voltage-gated calcium channel activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions via a voltage-gated calcium channel.
negative regulation of calcium ion transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
down regulation of calcium ion transport
down-regulation of calcium ion transport
negative regulation of calcium transport
obsolete negative regulation of calcium ion transport via voltage-gated calcium channel activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions via a voltage-gated calcium channel.
positive regulation of calcium ion transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of calcium transport
obsolete positive regulation of calcium ion transport via voltage-gated calcium channel activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions via the activity of voltage-gated calcium channels.
regulation of sensory perception of pain
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
The vesicular release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of GABA receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
synaptic transmission, gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic
synaptic transmission, gamma-aminobutyric acid mediated
The uptake of amino acid neurotransmitters by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.
amino acid neurotransmitter import into glial cell
amino acid neurotransmitter import into neuron
amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
The uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.
catecholamine neurotransmitter import into glial cell
catecholamine neurotransmitter import into neuron
catecholamine neurotransmitter recycling
catecholamine reuptake during transmission of nerve impulse
catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
The uptake of L-glutamate by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.
glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
L-glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
L-glutamate uptake involved in synaptic transmission
The uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.
gamma-aminobutyric acid import into glial cell
gamma-aminobutyric acid import into neuron
gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in synaptic transmission
The directed movement of catecholamines, a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
The directed movement of L-glutamate, the L-enantiomer of the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into a cell or organelle.
The directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a cell or organelle.
regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitter reuptake
regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitter uptake
regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
regulation of amino acid uptake involved in synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acid neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
regulation of amino acid neurotransmitter reuptake
regulation of amino acid neurotransmitter uptake
regulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
negative regulation of amino acid uptake involved in synaptic transmission
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acid neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
downregulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
down regulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
down-regulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
inhibition of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
negative regulation of amino acid neurotransmitter reuptake
negative regulation of amino acid neurotransmitter uptake
negative regulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
positive regulation of amino acid uptake involved in synaptic transmission
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acid neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
activation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
positive regulation of amino acid neurotransmitter reuptake
positive regulation of amino acid neurotransmitter uptake
stimulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
upregulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
up regulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
up-regulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
positive regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
activation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
positive regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitter reuptake
positive regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitter uptake
positive regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
stimulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
upregulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
up regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
up-regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
negative regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
downregulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
down regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
down-regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
inhibition of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
negative regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitter reuptake
negative regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitter uptake
negative regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.
regulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
regulation of glutamate uptake involved in conduction of nerve impulse
regulation of L-glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.
regulation of 4-aminobutyrate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
regulation of GABA uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake
regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in conduction of nerve impulse
negative regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.
downregulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
down regulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
down-regulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
inhibition of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
negative regulation of glutamate reuptake
negative regulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
negative regulation of glutamate uptake involved in conduction of nerve impulse
negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.
downregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
down regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
down-regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
negative regulation of 4-aminobutyrate reuptake
negative regulation of 4-aminobutyrate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
negative regulation of GABA uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake
negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in conduction of nerve impulse
positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.
activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
positive regulation of 4-aminobutyrate reuptake
positive regulation of 4-aminobutyrate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
positive regulation of GABA uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake
positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in conduction of nerve impulse
stimulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
upregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
up regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
up-regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
positive regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.
activation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
positive regulation of glutamate reuptake
positive regulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
positive regulation of glutamate uptake involved in conduction of nerve impulse
stimulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
upregulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
up regulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
up-regulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of amino acid transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of amino acid transmembrane transport
positive regulation of amino acid transport
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of amino acid transmembrane transport
The directed movement of methotrexate, 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Methotrexate is a folic acid analogue and a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.
Binding to a light intermediate chain of the dynein complex.
regulation of nervous system development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.
negative regulation of nervous system development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.
downregulation of nervous system development
down regulation of nervous system development
down-regulation of nervous system development
inhibition of nervous system development
positive regulation of nervous system development
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.
activation of nervous system development
stimulation of nervous system development
upregulation of nervous system development
up regulation of nervous system development
up-regulation of nervous system development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.
negative regulation of synapse biogenesis
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.
positive regulation of synapse biogenesis
regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
downregulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
down regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
down-regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
inhibition of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
activation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
stimulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
upregulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
up regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
up-regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
regulation of transmission of nerve impulse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.
regulation of conduction of nerve impulse
negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.
downregulation of transmission of nerve impulse
down regulation of transmission of nerve impulse
down-regulation of transmission of nerve impulse
inhibition of transmission of nerve impulse
negative regulation of conduction of nerve impulse
positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.
activation of transmission of nerve impulse
positive regulation of conduction of nerve impulse
stimulation of transmission of nerve impulse
upregulation of transmission of nerve impulse
up regulation of transmission of nerve impulse
up-regulation of transmission of nerve impulse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Telomerases catalyze extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence.
positive regulation of telomerase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).
negative regulation of telomerase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme telomerase, which catalyzes of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).
lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine via the intermediates alpha-aminoadipic acid and saccharopine. This pathway is used by yeast and fungi to synthesize the essential amino acid L-lysine, and pathway intermediates are often incorporated into secondary metabolic processes. The pathway proceeds as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to homocitrate, which is metabolized to 3-carboxyhex-2-enedioate and then homoisocitrate. This is then decarboxylated to form alpha-ketoadipate, which is then converted to alpha-aminoadipate. This is then reduced to form alpha-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde, which is metabolized to saccharopine and finally L-lysine.
lysine biosynthesis via aminoadipic acid and saccharopine
lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid and saccharopine
lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine via the intermediates alpha-aminoadipic acid and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate. This pathway of prokaryotic lysine biosynthesis via alpha-aminoadipate was discovered in the hyper-thermophilic Gram-negative eubacterium Thermus thermophilus. The pathway proceeds as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to homocitrate, which is metabolized to 3-carboxyhex-2-enedioate and then homoisocitrate. This is then decarboxylated to form alpha-ketoadipate, which is then converted to alpha-aminoadipate. This undergoes acetylation, to form N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate, and is then phosphorylated to give N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipyl-delta-phosphate. This is converted to N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate semialdehyde, which is then converted to N2-acetyl-L-lysine. A final deacetylation reaction produces L-lysine.
lysine biosynthesis via aminoadipic acid and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate
lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate
The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A lysophospholipid is a phospholipid that lacks one of its fatty acyl chains; it is an intermediate formed during digestion of dietary and biliary phospholipids.
lysophospholipid:sodium symporter activity
Enables the directed movement of lysophospholipids from one side of a membrane to the other. A lysophospholipid is a phospholipid that lacks one of its fatty acyl chains; it is an intermediate formed during digestion of dietary and biliary phospholipids.
The addition of O-acetyl ester groups to alginic acid, a linear polymer of D-mannuronate and L-guluronate.
iron-nicotianamine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of the iron chelate iron-nicotianamine (Fe-NA) from one side of a membrane to the other.
copper chelate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a copper chelate from one side of a membrane to the other. A copper chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.
copper-nicotianamine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of the copper chelate copper-nicotianamine (Cu-NA) from one side of a membrane to the other.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.
positive regulation of chromosome segregation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.
negative regulation of chromosome segregation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.
downregulation of chromosome segregation
down regulation of chromosome segregation
down-regulation of chromosome segregation
negative regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.
downregulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
down regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
down-regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
inhibition of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.
activation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
stimulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
upregulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
up regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
up-regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.
regulation of kinetochore-microtubule attachment
coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = protoporphyrinogen IX + 2 CO2 + 2 L-methionine + 2 5'-deoxyadenosine.
coproporphyrinogen-III:S-adenosyl-L-methionine oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
oxygen-independent coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase activity
(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.
D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminlytransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine + UDP.
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine:undecaprenyl-phosphate transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol.
abscisic acid glucose ester beta-glucosidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: abscisic acid glucose ester + H2O = abscisic acid + beta-D-glucose.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the phosphorus atom of an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the selenium atom of an acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the reaction: presqualene diphosphate + NADPH = squalene + NADP+ + diphosphate.
2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H imidazole-5-carboxylate + H+ = S-allantoin + CO2.
4-(carbamoylamino)-5-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate decarboxylase activity
protein carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to a carboxyl group on a protein.
protein carboxyl methyltransferase activity
mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group which contains a phosphoryl (-P(O)=) groups and a mannose derivative.
mannose-inositol-P-ceramide (MIPC) biosynthetic process
mannose inositol phosphoceramide biosynthetic process
mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide anabolism
mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide biosynthesis
mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide formation
mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide synthesis
type IV pili-dependent localized adherence to host
Attachment of bacterial clusters to the surface of the host in a type IV pili dependent manner. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by symbiont of substance in host
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
suppression by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
down regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
down-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
downregulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
down regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
down-regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
inhibition by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
inhibition by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
negative modulation by organism of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
negative modulation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway
negative regulation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway
negative regulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
negative regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
negative regulation of host SA-mediated defense response
suppression by organism of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
suppression of host SA mediated defense response
suppression by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
down regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
down-regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
inhibition by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
negative regulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
negative regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
suppression by organism of host ethylene-mediated defense response
obsolete catabolism by symbiont of substance in host
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its host resulting in the breakdown of substances. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete biosynthesis by symbiont of substance in host
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its host resulting in the formation of substances. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
disruption by symbiont of host cellular component
The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellular components of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
catabolism of host cellular component by organism
catabolism of host structural constituent by organism
degradation of host cellular component by organism
disassembly by organism of host cellular component
disassembly by symbiont of host cellular component
disruption by symbiont of host cell wall
A process carried out by a symbiont that breaks down the cell wall of its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
disassembly by symbiont of host cell wall
obsolete catabolism by symbiont of host cell wall cellulose
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellulose in the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by symbiont of host cell wall pectin
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of pectin in the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by symbiont of host cell wall chitin
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of chitin in the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by symbiont of host macromolecule
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by symbiont of host protein
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of protein macromolecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by symbiont of host carbohydrate
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate molecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by symbiont of host glucan
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of glucan molecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by symbiont of host xylan
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of xylan within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by symbiont of RNA levels in host
OBSOLETE. The alteration by an organism of the levels of RNA in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host hormone or growth regulator levels
The alteration by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of hormone or growth regulator levels in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modification by symbiont of host cell wall
The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
metabolism of host cell wall by organism
modulation by symbiont of ethylene levels in host
The alteration by an organism of the levels of ethylene in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of ethylene levels in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by symbiont of jasmonic acid levels in host
The alteration by an organism of the levels of jasmonic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of jasmonic acid levels in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by symbiont of salicylic acid levels in host
The alteration by an organism of the levels of salicylic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of salicylic acid levels in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host
The increase by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host
positive modulation of hormone or growth regulator levels in host
positive regulation by organism of hormone or growth regulator levels in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
stimulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host
upregulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host
up regulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host
up-regulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host
modification by symbiont of host cell membrane
The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a host cellular membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host transcription
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its host's transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction
modulation of host signal transduction by symbiont
modulation of signal transduction in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
induction by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
positive regulation by organism of signal transduction in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
positive regulation of signal transduction in other organism
stimulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
upregulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
up regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
up-regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
suppression by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
down regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
down-regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
inhibition by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
negative modulation by organism of host signal transduction pathway
negative regulation by organism of signal transduction in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
modulation by symbiont of host defense response
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of its host, the response mounted by the host in response to the presence of the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
mitigation by symbiont of host defense response
modulation by organism of defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
obsolete pathogen-associated molecular pattern dependent induction by symbiont of host innate immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process that involves recognition of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
effector-mediated suppression of host pattern-triggered immunity
A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of the innate immune response of the host organism via recognition of a microbe-associated molecular pattern. The innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by symbiont of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immunity
down regulation by symbiont of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immunity
down-regulation by symbiont of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immunity
inhibition by symbiont of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immunity
negative regulation by organism of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced innate immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by symbiont of microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immune response
negative regulation by symbiont of microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immunity
suppression by symbiont of microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immune response
suppression of general elicitor induced host innate immunity
suppression of general elicitor-induced host innate immunity
suppression of MAMP induced host innate immunity
suppression of MAMP-induced host innate immunity
suppression of PAMP induced host innate immunity
suppression of PAMP-induced host innate immunity
suppression of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immunity
positive regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
positive regulation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
stimulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
upregulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
up regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
up-regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
suppression by symbiont of host inflammatory response
Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
down regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
down-regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
inhibition by symbiont of host inflammatory response
negative regulation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
modulation by symbiont of host intracellular transport
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within the cell or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation of host intracellular trafficking
disruption by symbiont of host cytoskeleton
The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host cytoskeleton. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modification by symbiont of host cytoskeleton
modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host non-apoptotic programmed cell death
suppression by symbiont of host programmed cell death
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
down regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
down-regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
inhibition by symbiont of host programmed cell death
inhibition of host programmed cell death
negative regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
induction by symbiont of host programmed cell death
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by organism of host programmed cell death
activation by organism of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism
activation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
activation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
enhancement of host programmed cell death
enhancement of host programmed cell death by organism
induction by organism of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
induction by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
induction by organism of programmed cell death in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
induction of non-apoptotic programmed cell death by other organism
positive regulation by symbiont of host non-apoptotic programmed cell death
positive regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
stimulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
upregulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
modification by symbiont of host cellular component
The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a host cellular component. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via secreted substance
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by one of the organisms. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete symbiotic process mediated by secreted substance
OBSOLETE. An interaction with a second organism mediated by a substance secreted by the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with host via secreted substance
OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with host via protein secreted by type III secretion system
OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the symbiont organism by a type III secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with host via substance secreted by type IV secretion system
OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other organism by a type IV secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with host via protein secreted by type II secretion system
OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other organism by a type II secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via protein secreted by type II secretion system
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type II secretion system in the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity
down regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity
down-regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity
inhibition by symbiont of host enzyme activity
negative regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity
negative regulation by symbiont of host molecular function
obsolete negative regulation by symbiont of host peptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host protease activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host molecular function
The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of a host protein via a direct interaction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modification by symbiont of host molecular function
modification by symbiont of host protein function
obsolete modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via protein secreted by type III secretion system
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type III secretion system in the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via substance secreted by type IV secretion system
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type IV secretion system in the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
induction by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
The activation by a symbiont of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by organism of host phytoalexin production
induction by organism of phytoalexin production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
induction by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production
The activation by a symbiont of the production of nitric oxide as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by organism of defense-related host nitric oxide production
activation by organism of defense-related host NO production
activation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production
induction by organism of defense-related host NO production
induction by organism of defense-related nitric oxide production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by organism of defense-related host NO production
positive regulation by organism of defense-related nitric oxide production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production
stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production
upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production
up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production
up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production
induction by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
The activation by a symbiont of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by symbiont of defense-related host metabolic burst
activation by symbiont of defense-related host oxidative burst
activation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxidative species production
activation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen intermediate production
activation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
activation by symbiont of defense-related host respiratory burst
activation by symbiont of defense-related host ROI production
activation by symbiont of defense-related host ROS production
induction by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
induction by symbiont of defense-related host active oxygen species production
induction by symbiont of defense-related host AOS production
induction by symbiont of defense-related host metabolic burst
induction by symbiont of defense-related host oxidative burst
induction by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxidative species production
induction by symbiont of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
obsolete entry of symbiont into host cell by promotion of host phagocytosis
OBSOLETE. The invasion by a symbiont of a host organism cell by utilizing the host phagocytosis mechanism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which a symbiont avoids phagocytosis by a host cell, for example a phagocyte or a macrophage. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by symbiont of entry into host cell via phagocytosis
down regulation by symbiont of entry into host cell via phagocytosis
down-regulation by symbiont of entry into host cell via phagocytosis
inhibition by symbiont of entry into host cell via phagocytosis
modulation by organism of entry into host via host phagocytosis
modulation by symbiont of entry into host via phagocytosis
negative regulation by organism of entry into cell of other organism via phagocytosis involved in symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by organism of entry into host cell via host phagocytosis
negative regulation by symbiont of entry into host cell via phagocytosis
induction by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by organism of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
activation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway
activation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
induction by organism of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
induction by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway
positive regulation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway
positive regulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
upregulation by organism of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
upregulation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway
upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
positive regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
induction by organism of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
induction by organism of host SA-mediated defense response
positive regulation by organism of host SA-mediated defense response
positive regulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
stimulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
upregulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
up regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
up-regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
positive regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
induction by organism of host JA-mediated defense response
induction by organism of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
positive regulation by organism of host JA-mediated defense response
positive regulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
stimulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
upregulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
up regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
up-regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
induction by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
positive regulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
positive regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
stimulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
upregulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
up regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
up-regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
suppression by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway during the host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
down regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
down-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
inhibition by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
negative regulation by organism of defense-related host MAPK-mediated signal transduction pathway
negative regulation by organism of defense-related host mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
negative regulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
suppression by organism of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
induction by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway during the host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by organism of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
activation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
induction by organism of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
positive regulation by organism of defense-related host MAPK-mediated signal transduction pathway
positive regulation by organism of defense-related host mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
positive regulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
upregulation by organism of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
modulation by symbiont of host innate immune response MAPK kinase signaling
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway during the host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
modulation of defense-related host MAPK-mediated signal transduction pathway by organism
modulation of defense-related host mitogen activated protein kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway by organism
modulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway by organism
suppression by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response
Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response
down regulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response
down-regulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response
inhibition by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response
negative regulation by organism of cell-mediated immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by organism of host cell-based immune response
modulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
suppression by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response
Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response
down regulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response
down-regulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response
inhibition by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response
negative regulation by organism of T-cell mediated immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response
suppression by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response
Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the B-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response
down regulation by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response
down-regulation by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response
inhibition by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response
negative regulation by organism of B-cell mediated immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
symbiont defense to host-produced jasmonic acid
Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by organism of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
activation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
downregulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
down regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
down-regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
induction by organism of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
induction by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
inhibition by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
modulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by organism of host JA-mediated defense response
modulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
negative regulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
negative regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
positive regulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
suppression by organism of host JA-mediated defense response
suppression by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
upregulation by organism of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
modulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of host SA-mediated defense response
modulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host
positive regulation of nutrient release by host
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by symbiont of nutrient release from host
positive regulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host
stimulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host
upregulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host
up regulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host
up-regulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host
formation of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition
The assembly of a symbiotic cellular or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
formation by organism of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from host
formation by symbiont of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from host
formation of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from host
formation of haustorium for nutrient acquisition
The assembly of a haustorium, a projection from a symbiotic cell or tissue that penetrates the host's tissues for the purpose of obtaining nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
formation by organism of haustoria for nutrient acquisition from host
formation by organism of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host
formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host
obsolete formation of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The assembly by an organism of a cellular component or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
formation of syncytium involving giant cell for nutrient acquisition
The assembly of a syncytium, a multi-nucleate and physiologically active aggregation of fused root cells induced by a symbiotic nematode in a plant host. The syncytium exclusively provides the nematode with nourishment during its sedentary life, for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
formation by organism of syncytium involving giant cell for nutrient acquisition from host
formation by symbiont of syncytium involving giant cell for nutrient acquisition from host
OBSOLETE. The process in which a community of single-celled organisms of different species monitors population density by detecting the concentration of small diffusible signal molecules.
formation by host of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from symbiont
The assembly by an organism of a cellular component or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The process in which single-celled organisms of the same species monitor population density by detecting the concentration of small, diffusible signal molecules.
positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway
positive regulation by organism of defense-related calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation of defense-related host CDPK pathway by organism
stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway
upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway
up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway
up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway
induction by symbiont of host induced systemic resistance
Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by organism of induced systemic resistance in host
activation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host
induction by organism of induced systemic resistance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
induction by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host
positive regulation by organism of induced systemic resistance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by symbiont of host induced systemic resistance
positive regulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host
stimulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host
upregulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host
up regulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host
up-regulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host
induction by symbiont of host systemic acquired resistance
Any process in which a symbiont activates systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in host
induction by organism of systemic acquired resistance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
induction by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host
positive regulation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by symbiont of host systemic acquired resistance
positive regulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host
stimulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host
upregulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host
up regulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host
up-regulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host
obsolete induction by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall thickening
OBSOLETE. The activation by an organism of host processes resulting in the thickening of its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete quorum sensing involved in interaction with host
OBSOLETE. The process in which a community of single-celled organisms living in intimate contact with a host organism monitors population density by detecting the concentration of small diffusible signal molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete growth or development of symbiont during interaction with host
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of an organism, or the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete induction by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of callose by the host in its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
occlusion by symbiont of host vascular system
The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within its host's vascular system, the vessels and tissue that carry or circulate fluids, such as blood, lymph or sap, through the body of an animal or plant. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modification by symbiont of host structure
The process in which an organism effects a change in an anatomical part or cellular component of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within the host xylem, the tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete adaptation to host osmotic environment
OBSOLETE. The responsive adjustment of an organism to the osmotic conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete adaptation to host pH environment
OBSOLETE. The responsive adjustment of an organism to the pH conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete energy taxis in host environment
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in the environment of its host organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive energy taxis in host environment
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on, within or near its host organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative energy taxis in host environment
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on, within or near its host organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive aerotaxis in host environment
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive chemotaxis in host environment
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative aerotaxis in host environment
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative chemotaxis in host environment
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within its host organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near its host organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen.
obsolete positive aerotaxis on or near host
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative aerotaxis on or near host
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative chemotaxis on or near host
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a specific chemical within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive chemotaxis on or near host
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a specific chemical on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete chemotaxis on or near host involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within its host organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative energy taxis on or near host
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near its host organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive energy taxis on or near host
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near its host organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within its host organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity
The process in which an organism effects a change in host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity
modulation of catalytic activity of host by symbiont
regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity
regulation of catalytic activity of host by symbiont
regulation of host catalytic activity by symbiont
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host peptidase activity
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in host peptidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
modulation by symbiont of host apoptosis
positive regulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by organism of host apoptosis
activation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
activation by symbiont of host apoptosis
induction by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
positive regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
positive regulation by symbiont of host apoptosis
stimulation by symbiont of host apoptosis
upregulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
up regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
up-regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
upregulation by symbiont of host apoptosis
up regulation by symbiont of host apoptosis
up-regulation by symbiont of host apoptosis
modulation by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response
Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the B-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of B-cell mediated immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
regulation by organism of host B-cell mediated immune response
modulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any form of cell-based immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of cell-mediated immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by organism of host cell-based immune response
modulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of T-cell mediated immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
obsolete modulation by symbiont of microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process that involves recognition of a microbe-associated molecular pattern, and by which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response
Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of defense response in host by specific elicitors
modulation by organism of host gene-for-gene resistance
modulation by organism of pathogen-race/host plant cultivar-specific resistance in symbiont
modulation by organism of resistance gene-dependent defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by symbiont of host induced systemic resistance
Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of induced systemic resistance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host
modulation by symbiont of host systemic acquired resistance
Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host
obsolete modulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall thickening
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host processes resulting in the thickening of its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion fluxes as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by organism of defense-related host Ca2+ flux
symbiont defense to host-produced nitric oxide
Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of nitric oxide as part of the innate immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
defense response to host innate immune response nitric oxide production
evasion or tolerance by organism of host nitric oxide
evasion or tolerance by organism of host NO
evasion or tolerance by organism of host-produced nitric oxide
evasion or tolerance by organism of host-produced NO
evasion or tolerance by organism of nitric oxide produced by other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
evasion or tolerance by symbiont of host-produced nitric oxide
evasion or tolerance of nitric oxide produced by host in response to organism
evasion or tolerance of NO produced by host in response to organism
modulation by organism of defense-related host NO production
modulation by organism of defense-related nitric oxide production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production
response to defense-related host nitric oxide production
response to defense-related nitric oxide production by other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
symbiont defense to host-produced reactive oxygen species
Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
evasion by symbiont of cellular damage caused by host oxidative burst
evasion or tolerance by organism of host-produced reactive oxygen species
evasion or tolerance by organism of reactive oxygen species produced by other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
evasion or tolerance by organism of reactive oxygen species produced during host defense response
evasion or tolerance by symbiont of host-produced reactive oxygen species
evasion or tolerance by symbiont of reactive oxygen species produced by other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
evasion or tolerance of defense-related host metabolic burst
evasion or tolerance of defense-related host oxidative burst
evasion or tolerance of defense-related host respiratory burst
evasion or tolerance of host-produced active oxygen species
evasion or tolerance of host-produced AOS
evasion or tolerance of host-produced reactive oxygen intermediates
evasion or tolerance of host-produced ROIs
evasion or tolerance of host-produced ROS
evasion or tolerance of reactive oxygen species produced by host
modulation by organism of defense-related host active oxygen species production
modulation by organism of defense-related host AOS production
modulation by organism of defense-related host metabolic burst
modulation by organism of defense-related host oxidative burst
modulation by organism of defense-related host reactive oxidative species production
modulation by organism of defense-related host reactive oxygen intermediate production
modulation by organism of defense-related host respiratory burst
modulation by organism of defense-related host ROI production
modulation by organism of defense-related host ROS production
modulation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
response to defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
response to defense-related reactive oxygen species production by other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
symbiont defense to host-produced phytoalexin
Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
evasion or tolerance by symbiont of host-produced phytoalexins
evasion or tolerance of phytoalexins produced by host in response to organism
modulation by organism of phytoalexin production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
response to phytoalexin production by other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by symbiont of host innate immune response
Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of innate immune response in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
modulation of host innate immune response
modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of defense-related calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by organism of defense-related host CDPK pathway
obsolete pathogen-associated molecular pattern dependent modulation by symbiont of host innate immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process that involves recognition of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
suppression by symbiont of host innate immune response
Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism, the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
down regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
down-regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
inhibition by symbiont of host innate immunity
negative regulation by symbiont of host innate immune response
negative regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
negative regulation of host innate immune response
negative regulation of innate immune response in other organism
obsolete growth or development during symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of an organism, or the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by symbiont of host cell wall cellulose
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving cellulose in the cell wall of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of another organism.
response to defenses of other organism during symbiotic interaction
response to defenses of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
obsolete metabolism by symbiont of host macromolecule
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving macromolecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by symbiont of host carbohydrate
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving carbohydrates within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by symbiont of host glucan
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving glucans within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by symbiont of host xylan
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving xylan within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by symbiont of host cell wall chitin
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving chitin in the cell wall of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by symbiont of host cell wall pectin
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving pectin in the cell wall of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of peptidase activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protease activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by host of symbiont defense response
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the symbiont. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification by host of symbiont morphology or physiology via secreted substance
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a symbiont organism, mediated by a substance secreted by one of the organisms. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
disruption by host of symbiont structure
The process in which a host organism destabilizes an anatomical part or a cellular component of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
degradation of symbiont cellular component by organism
disassembly by host of symbiont cellular component
disruption by host of symbiont cellular component
modification by host of symbiont cellular component
modification by host of symbiont structure
obsolete modulation by organism of symbiont hormone or growth regulator levels
OBSOLETE. The alteration by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification of structure of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in an anatomical part or cellular component of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification of cellular component in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a cellular component in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of callose by the host in its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host phagocytosis
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by symbiont of host phagocytosis
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete movement in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete movement in symbiont environment
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on, within or near its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on or near its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete movement on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by host of symbiont defense response
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of symbiont defense response
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation of peptidase activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in peptidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of catalytic activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
maintenance of symbiont tolerance to host defense molecules
response of symbiont to host defense molecules
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of callose by the host in its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation of catalytic activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of molecular function in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of proteins in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation of molecular function in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification of morphology or physiology of other organism via protein secreted by type II secretion system involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a second organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type II secretion system in the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification of morphology or physiology of other organism via protein secreted by type III secretion system involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a second organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type III secretion system in the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification of morphology or physiology of other organism via substance secreted by type IV secretion system involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a second organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type IV secretion system in the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with other organism via substance secreted by type IV secretion system involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. An interaction with a second organism mediated by a substance secreted by the first organism by a type IV secretion system, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with other organism via protein secreted by type III secretion system involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. An interaction with a second organism mediated by a substance secreted by the first organism by a type III secretion system, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with other organism via protein secreted by type II secretion system involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. An interaction with a second organism mediated by a substance secreted by the first organism by a type II secretion system, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification of morphology or physiology of other organism via secreted substance involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a second organism, mediated by a substance secreted by one of the organisms, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with symbiont via secreted substance
OBSOLETE. An interaction with a symbiont organism mediated by a substance secreted by a host organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism of substance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete energy taxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in the environment of a second organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete chemotaxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete aerotaxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive energy taxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on, within or near a second organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative energy taxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on, within or near a second organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive aerotaxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive chemotaxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative aerotaxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative chemotaxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete energy taxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within a second organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete energy taxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near a second organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete biosynthesis of substance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in a second organism resulting in the formation of substances, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism of substance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in a second organism resulting in the breakdown of substances, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by symbiont of host protein
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving protein macromolecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism of macromolecule in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving macromolecules within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation of intracellular transport in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within the cell or cells of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation of phagocytosis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive aerotaxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive aerotaxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative aerotaxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative aerotaxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative chemotaxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete aerotaxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete aerotaxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative chemotaxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive chemotaxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a specific chemical within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive chemotaxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a specific chemical on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete chemotaxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete chemotaxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative energy taxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within a second organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative energy taxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near a second organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive energy taxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near a second organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive energy taxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within a second organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation of RNA levels in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The alteration by an organism of the levels of RNA in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete pathogen-associated molecular pattern dependent induction by organism of innate immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process that involves recognition of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete pathogen-associated molecular pattern dependent modulation by organism of innate immune response in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process that involves recognition of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the first line of defense against infection, of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation of transcription in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation of nutrient release from other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving camalexin, an indole phytoalexin.
regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.
regulation of phytoalexin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins.
positive regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins.
positive regulation of phytoalexin metabolism
negative regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins.
downregulation of phytoalexin metabolism
down regulation of phytoalexin metabolism
down-regulation of phytoalexin metabolism
negative regulation of phytoalexin metabolism
positive regulation of phytoalexin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins.
positive regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
upregulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
up regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
up-regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
negative regulation of phytoalexin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins.
downregulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
down regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
down-regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
negative regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.
cellulose biosynthesis during cell wall biosynthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.
pectin biosynthesis during cell wall organization and biogenesis
obsolete interaction with symbiont via protein secreted by type IV secretion system
OBSOLETE. An interaction with the symbiont organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other organism by a type IV secretion system. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with symbiont via protein secreted by type II secretion system
OBSOLETE. An interaction with the symbiont organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other organism by a type II secretion system. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete interaction with symbiont via protein secreted by type III secretion system
OBSOLETE. An interaction with the symbiont organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other organism by a type III secretion system. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete hemolysis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another, where two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification by organism of membrane in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a cellular membrane of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification by organism of cell wall of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification by organism of cytoskeleton of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the cytoskeleton of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification by host of symbiont cytoskeleton
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the symbiont cytoskeleton. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification by host of symbiont cell wall
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a host organism destabilizes a symbiont membrane. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modification by host of symbiont cell membrane
modification by host of symbiont membrane
disruption by host of symbiont cell wall
The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
catabolism of symbiont cell wall by organism
degradation of symbiont cell wall by organism
disassembly by host of symbiont cell wall
obsolete disruption by organism of cell wall of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by organism of cell wall cellulose in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellulose in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by organism of cell wall pectin in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of pectin in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by organism of cell wall chitin in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of chitin in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of symbiont phytoalexin production
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
positive regulation by organism of phytoalexin production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
stimulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
upregulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
up regulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
up-regulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
obsolete positive regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont nitric oxide production
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of nitric oxide as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont reactive oxygen species production
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete induction by organism of induced systemic resistance in symbiont
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates induced systemic resistance in the symbiont; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete induction by organism of systemic acquired resistance in symbiont
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates systemic acquired resistance in the symbiont organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete biosynthesis by host of substance in symbiont
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its symbiont resulting in the formation of substances. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by host of symbiont carbohydrate
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate molecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by organism of carbohydrate in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate molecules within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by host of symbiont cell wall cellulose
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellulose in the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by host of symbiont cell wall chitin
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of chitin in the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by host of symbiont cell wall pectin
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of pectin in the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by host of symbiont glucan
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of glucan molecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by organism of glucan in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of glucan molecules within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by host of symbiont macromolecule
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by organism of macromolecule in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by host of symbiont protein
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of protein macromolecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by organism of protein in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of protein macromolecules within the second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by host of substance in symbiont
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its symbiont resulting in the breakdown of substances. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by host of symbiont xylan
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of xylan within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete catabolism by organism of xylan in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of xylan within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete disruption by organism of cellular component in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellular components of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of entry into host
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
regulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
regulation by organism of entry into other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
down regulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
down-regulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
inhibition by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by organism of entry into other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
suppression of symbiont entry into host by host
obsolete negative regulation by symbiont of entry into host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete evasion or tolerance by organism of symbiont-produced nitric oxide
OBSOLETE. The process by which an organism avoids the effects of nitric oxide produced as a defense response by the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete evasion or tolerance by organism of symbiont-produced phytoalexins
OBSOLETE. The process by which an organism avoids the effects of phytoalexins produced as a defense response by the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of entry into other organism via phagocytosis involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism via the phagocytotic processes of the other organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + tRNA = diphosphate + tRNA containing 6-dimethylallyladenosine.
dimethylallyl-diphosphate:tRNA dimethylallyltransferase activity
obsolete induction by organism of symbiont innate immunity
OBSOLETE. The activation by an organism of the innate immune response of the symbiont organism; the innate immune response is the symbiont's first line of defense against infection. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete evasion or tolerance by organism of symbiont-produced reactive oxygen species
OBSOLETE. The process by which an organism avoids the effects of reactive oxygen species produced as a defense response by the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A type of cell wall modification in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker.
obsolete induction by organism of symbiont apoptosis
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates programmed cell death in the symbiont, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
induction by symbiont of host innate immune response
The activation by a symbiont of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by organism of host innate immune response
activation by organism of host innate immunity
activation by symbiont of host innate immunity
induction by organism of host innate immune response
induction by organism of innate immune response in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
induction by symbiont of host innate immunity
positive regulation by symbiont of host innate immune response
positive regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
positive regulation of host innate immune response
positive regulation of innate immune response in other organism
stimulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
upregulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
up regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
up-regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
induction by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
The activation by an organism of a flux of calcium ions that occurs as part of the defense response of a host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by organism of host Ca2+ flux
activation by organism of host calcium ion flux
activation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
induction by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by organism of defense-related host Ca2+ flux
positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
obsolete induction by organism of defense-related symbiont calcium ion flux
OBSOLETE. The activation by an organism of a flux of calcium ions that occurs as part of the defense response of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete induction by host of symbiont defense response
OBSOLETE. The activation by an organism of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete induction by organism of defense-related symbiont cell wall thickening
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont processes resulting in the thickening of its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete induction by organism of defense-related symbiont nitric oxide production
OBSOLETE. The activation by an organism of the production of nitric oxide as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete induction by organism of symbiont non-apoptotic programmed cell death
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates programmed cell death in the symbiont, where programmed cell death proceeds by a non-apoptotic pathway. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete induction by organism of symbiont phytoalexin production
OBSOLETE. The activation by an organism of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete induction by organism of symbiont programmed cell death
OBSOLETE. The activation by an organism of programmed cell death in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete induction by organism of defense-related symbiont reactive oxygen species production
OBSOLETE. The activation by an organism of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete induction by organism of symbiont resistance gene-dependent defense response
OBSOLETE. The activation by an organism of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity
down regulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity
down-regulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity
downregulation by host of symbiont protein function
down regulation by host of symbiont protein function
down-regulation by host of symbiont protein function
inhibition by host of symbiont enzyme activity
inhibition by host of symbiont protein function
negative regulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity
negative regulation by host of symbiont molecular function
obsolete negative regulation by host of symbiont peptidase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont protease activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by host of symbiont carbohydrate
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving carbohydrates within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by organism of carbohydrate in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving carbohydrates within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by host of symbiont cell wall cellulose
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving cellulose in the cell wall of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by organism of cell wall cellulose in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving cellulose in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by host of symbiont cell wall chitin
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving chitin in the cell wall of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by organism of cell wall chitin in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving chitin in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by host of symbiont cell wall pectin
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving pectin in the cell wall of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by host of symbiont glucan
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving glucans within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by organism of glucan in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving glucans within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by host of symbiont macromolecule
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving macromolecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by host of symbiont protein
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving protein macromolecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by organism of protein in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving protein macromolecules within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by host of substance in symbiont
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by host of symbiont xylan
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving xylan within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete metabolism by organism of xylan in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving xylan within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity
The process in which a host organism effects a change in the enzyme activity of its symbiont organism.
modulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity
modulation by host of symbiont molecular function
obsolete modification by organism of symbiont morphology or physiology via protein secreted by type III secretion system
OBSOLETE. The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its symbiont organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type III secretion system in the organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification by organism of symbiont morphology or physiology via protein secreted by type II secretion system
OBSOLETE. The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its symbiont organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type II secretion system in the organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modification by organism of symbiont morphology or physiology via substance secreted by type IV secretion system
OBSOLETE. The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its symbiont organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type IV secretion system in the organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by host of symbiont peptidase activity
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism effects a change in symbiont peptidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of symbiont B-cell mediated immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the B-cell mediated immune response of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by host of symbiont RNA levels
OBSOLETE. The alteration by an organism of the levels of RNA in a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of symbiont T-cell mediated immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of a symbiont organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of symbiont apoptosis
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the symbiont, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of symbiont cell-mediated immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any form of cell-based immune response of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by host of defense-related symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of defense-related symbiont calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont calcium-dependent protein kinase signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of defense-related symbiont calcium ion flux
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion fluxes as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of defense-related symbiont callose deposition
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of callose deposition by the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of defense-related symbiont cell wall callose deposition
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of callose by the symbiont in its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of defense-related symbiont ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of defense-related symbiont jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of defense-related symbiont salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of defense-related symbiont cell wall thickening
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont processes resulting in the thickening of its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of symbiont ethylene-mediated defense response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of ethylene levels in symbiont
OBSOLETE. The alteration by an organism of the levels of ethylene in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of induced systemic resistance in symbiont
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance in the symbiont organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of symbiont inflammatory response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of a symbiont organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of symbiont innate immunity
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the symbiont organism; the innate immune response is the symbiont's first line of defense against infection. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of symbiont intracellular transport
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within the cell or cells of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of symbiont jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of jasmonic acid levels in symbiont
OBSOLETE. The alteration by an organism of the levels of jasmonic acid in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of defense-related symbiont nitric oxide production
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of nitric oxide as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of symbiont non-apoptotic programmed cell death
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the symbiont, where programmed cell death proceeds by a non-apoptotic pathway. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation of nutrient release by symbiont
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont
obsolete modulation by organism of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced symbiont innate immunity
obsolete modulation by host of symbiont phagocytosis
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of symbiont phytoalexin production
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of symbiont programmed cell death
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of defense-related symbiont reactive oxygen species production
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of symbiont resistance gene-dependent defense response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the symbiont. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of symbiont salicylic acid-mediated defense response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of salicylic acid levels in symbiont
OBSOLETE. The alteration by an organism of the levels of salicylic acid in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in symbiont
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance in the symbiont organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by host of symbiont transcription
Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont's transcription.
obsolete negative regulation by organism of symbiont B-cell mediated immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the B-cell mediated immune response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by organism of symbiont T-cell mediated immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by organism of symbiont cell-mediated immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell mediated immune response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont callose deposition
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of callose deposition performed by the symbiont as part of its defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont cell wall callose deposition
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of callose by the symbiont in its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
defense response by cell wall thickening
A type of cell wall modification, in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker, that occurs as part of the defense response of an organism.
cell wall thickening during defense response
obsolete negative regulation by organism of symbiont ethylene-mediated defense response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by organism of symbiont inflammatory response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of a symbiont organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by organism of symbiont innate immunity
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the symbiont organism, the symbiont's first line of defense against infection. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by organism of symbiont jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by organism of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced symbiont innate immunity
negative regulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death
down regulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death
down-regulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death
inhibition by host of symbiont programmed cell death
inhibition of symbiont programmed cell death
obsolete negative regulation by organism of symbiont salicylic acid-mediated defense response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete occlusion by host of symbiont vascular system
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within its symbiont's vascular system, the vessels and tissue that carry or circulate fluids, such as blood, lymph or sap, through the body of an animal or plant. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete occlusion by organism of vascular system in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within its second organism's vascular system, the vessels and tissue that carry or circulate fluids, such as blood, lymph or sap, through the body of an animal or plant, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete occlusion by host of symbiont xylem
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within the symbiont xylem, the tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete occlusion by organism of xylem in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within the xylem, the tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves, of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete pathogen-associated molecular pattern dependent induction by organism of symbiont innate immunity
obsolete pathogen-associated molecular pattern dependent modulation by organism of symbiont innate immunity
obsolete positive regulation by organism of symbiont apoptosis
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the symbiont, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of defense-related symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont callose deposition
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of callose deposition by the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont cell wall callose deposition
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of callose by the symbiont in its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of symbiont ethylene-mediated defense response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of hormone or growth regulator levels in symbiont
OBSOLETE. The increase by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of symbiont inflammatory response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of a symbiont organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of symbiont innate immunity
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the symbiont organism; the innate immune response is the symbiont's first line of defense against infection. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of symbiont jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of symbiont non-apoptotic programmed cell death
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the symbiont, where programmed cell death proceeds by a non-apoptotic pathway. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of nutrient release by symbiont
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by host of nutrient release from symbiont
positive regulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont
promotion of nutrient release from symbiont
stimulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont
upregulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont
up regulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont
up-regulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont
obsolete positive regulation by organism of nutrient release from other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of symbiont phagocytosis
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of phagocytosis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in the second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of symbiont programmed cell death
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of symbiont salicylic acid-mediated defense response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete upregulation by organism of symbiont programmed cell death
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of symbiont resistance gene-dependent defense response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont calcium ion flux
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fluxes of calcium ions that occur as part of the defense response of a host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of induced systemic resistance in symbiont
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance in the symbiont organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in symbiont
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance in the symbiont organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont cell wall thickening
plant-type cell wall cellulose metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.
cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall cellulose metabolic process
Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.
callose deposition during defense response
callose localization during defense response
Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.
defense response by callose deposition in cell wall
Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.
callose deposition in cell wall during defense response
callose localization in cell wall during defense response
cell wall callose deposition during defense response
cell wall callose localization during defense response
Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.
cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall pectin metabolic process
pectin metabolism during cell wall biogenesis
plant-type cell wall pectin metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
modulation by symbiont of host immune response
Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by organism of immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
obsolete modulation by organism of symbiont immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the symbiont organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by organism of symbiont immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the symbiont organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
induction by symbiont of host immune response
Any process in which a symbiont activates the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
activation by symbiont of host immune response
induction by organism of immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by organism of immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
positive regulation by symbiont of host immune response
stimulation by symbiont of host immune response
upregulation by symbiont of host immune response
up regulation by symbiont of host immune response
up-regulation by symbiont of host immune response
obsolete induction by organism of symbiont immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism activates the immune response of the symbiont organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
suppression by symbiont of host immune response
Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
downregulation by symbiont of host immune response
down regulation by symbiont of host immune response
down-regulation by symbiont of host immune response
inhibition by symbiont of host immune response
negative regulation by organism of immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
negative regulation by symbiont of host immune response
obsolete negative regulation by organism of symbiont immune response
OBSOLETE. Any process by which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the symbiont organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete response to symbiont phytoalexin production
OBSOLETE. A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of phytoalexins produced as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete response to defense-related symbiont nitric oxide production
OBSOLETE. A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of nitric oxide produced as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete response to defense-related symbiont reactive oxygen species production
OBSOLETE. A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of reactive oxygen species produced as part of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete response to symbiont immune response
OBSOLETE. A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the immune response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
response to immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-galactose, a substance composed of D-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
uridine diphosphate galactose metabolic process
uridine diphosphate galactose metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-galactose, a substance composed of D-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
UDP-D-galactopyranose biosynthetic process
uridine diphosphate galactose biosynthesis
uridine diphosphate galactose biosynthetic process
Any process in which a carbohydrate is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. Carbohydrates are any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-germacrene D + diphosphate.
2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(-)-Germacrene D-forming] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,E)-alpha-farnesene + diphosphate.
(+)-pulegone reductase, (+)-isomenthone as substrate, activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-isomenthone + NADP+ = (+)-pulegone + NADPH + H+.
(+)-isomenthone:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
(+)-pulegone reductase, (-)-menthone as substrate, activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthone + NADP+ = (+)-pulegone + NADPH + H+.
(-)-menthone:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-isoperitenone + H+ + NADPH = (2R,5R)-isopulegone + NADP+.
(+)-cis-isopulegone:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pulegone + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (R)-menthofuran + 2 H2O + NADP+.
(+)-pulegone,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (9-hydroxylating) activity
cytochrome P450 menthofuran synthase activity
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on halogen in donors
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which a halogen in the donor substance acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
obsolete oxidoreductase activity, acting on halogen in donors, with NAD or NADP as acceptor
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which a halogen in the donor substance acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.
diacetyl reductase ((R)-acetoin forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-acetoin + NAD+ = diacetyl + H+ + NADH.
diacetyl reductase ((S)-acetoin forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-acetoin + NAD+ = diacetyl + H+ + NADH.
malate dehydrogenase (menaquinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + a menaquinone = oxaloacetate + a menaquinol.
(S)-malate:(menaquinone) oxidoreductase activity
(S)-malate:menaquinone oxidoreductase activity
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + a ubiquinone = glycerone phosphate + a ubiquinol.
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:ubiquinone-8 oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ubiquinone-8 = glycerone phosphate + ubiquinol-8.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, with an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, with an iron-sulphur protein as acceptor
tryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tryptamine + H2O + O2 = NH3 + indole acetaldehyde + hydrogen peroxide + H+.
aminoacetone:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: aminoacetone + H2O + O2 = methylglyoxal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amine + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.
aliphatic-amine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating) activity
phenethylamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phenylethylamine + O2 + H2O = phenylacetaldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: a diamine + H2O + O2 = a monoamine + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
diamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + H2O + O2 = imidazole-4-acetaldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.
1H-Imidazole-4-ethanamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
1H-Imidazole-4-ethanamine oxidase activity
histamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylputrescine + H2O + O2 = N-methylaminobutanal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.
N-methylputrescine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,3-diamine + H2O + O2 = 3-aminopropanal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + H2O + (4S)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.
(-)-limonene,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
(S)-limonene,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
4-chloronitrobenzene nitroreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chloronitrobenzene + NADPH + H+ = 1-chloro-4-nitrosobenzene + NADP+ + H2O.
1-chloro-4-nitrosobenzene nitroreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-chloro-4-nitrosobenzene + NADPH + H+ = 1-chloro-4-hydroxylaminobenzene + NADP+ + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone = delta-tocopherol.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone = gamma-tocopherol.
Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADPH + O2 + 2 H+ = 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O.
chlorophyllide a:oxygen 7-oxidoreductase activity
7-hydroxy-chlorophyllide a oxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADPH + O2 + H+ = chlorophyllide b + NADP+ + 2 H2O.
7-hydroxychlorophyllide a:oxygen 7-oxidoreductase activity
7-hydroxychlorophyllide-a oxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: echinenone + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = 3-hydroxyechinenone + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.
beta-ring carotenoid 3-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-ketotorulene + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = 3-hydroxy-4-ketotorulene + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-cryptoxanthin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = zeaxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = beta-cryptoxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: adonirubin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = 3S,3'S-astaxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: canthaxanthin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = adonirubin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: uracil + NADH + O2 + H+ = ureidoacrylate peracid + NAD+. Ureidoacrylate peracid is spontaneously reduced by NADH to form ureidoacrylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + ent-kaur-16-ene + oxygen = H2O + NADP+ + ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol.
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol + oxygen = 2 H2O + NADP+ + ent-kaur-16-en-19-al.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + ent-kaur-16-en-19-al + oxygen = H2O + NADP+ + ent-kaurenoate.
coenzyme F420-0:L-glutamate ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + L-glutamate + factor F420-0 = GDP + H+ + factor gamma-F420-1 + phosphate.
coenzyme F420-1:gamma-L-glutamate ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + L-glutamate + factor gamma-F420-1 = GDP + H+ + factor gamma-F420-2 + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + thymine + acceptor = 5-methyl-barbiturate + donor-H2.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 GTP = cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + 2 diphosphate + 2 H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: delta(2)-isopentenyl diphosphate + ATP = diphosphate + N6-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
2-isopentenyl-diphosphate:ATP 2-isopentenyltransferase activity
2-isopentenyl-diphosphate:ATP delta2-isopentenyltransferase activity
dimethylallyl-diphosphate:ATP dimethylallyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: delta2-isopentenyl diphosphate + ADP = diphosphate + N6-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
2-isopentenyl-diphosphate:ADP 2-isopentenyltransferase activity
2-isopentenyl-diphosphate:ADP delta2-isopentenyltransferase activity
dimethylallyl-diphosphate:ADP dimethylallyltransferase activity
2-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: demethylphylloquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = phylloquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
demethylphylloquinone methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:2-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:demethylphylloquinone methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:salicylate carboxyl methyltransferase activity
salicylic acid methyltransferase activity
4-aminobenzoate amino acid synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + ATP + amino acid = 4-aminobenzoyl amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.
4-aminobenzoyl amino acid synthetase activity
p-aminobenzoate amino acid synthetase activity
p-aminobenzoyl amino acid synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + ATP + amino acid = benzoyl amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.
vanillate amino acid synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + ATP + amino acid = vanillate amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.
4-hydroxybenzoate amino acid synthetase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + ATP + amino acid = 4-hydroxybenzoyl amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.
4-hydroxybenzoyl amino acid synthetase activity
p-hydroxybenzoate amino acid synthetase activity
p-hydroxybenzoyl amino acid synthetase activity
phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine diphosphorylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate = diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.
N-acetylgalactosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity
N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
UDP-acetylgalactosamine pyrophosphorylase activity
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine pyrophosphorylase activity
uridine diphosphate-N-acetylgalactosamine pyrophosphorylase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine phosphorylase activity
uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine pyrophosphorylase activity
UTP:2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
UTP:N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
sphingolipid delta-8 desaturase activity
Catalysis of the formation of a double bond between C8 and C9 of the long chain base of a sphingolipid. For example, sphinganine (d18:0) = 8-sphingenine (d18:1delta8); phytosphinganine (t18:0) = 8-phytosphingenine (t18:1delta8); and 4-sphingenine (18:1delta4) = 4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2delta4,8).
isocitrate hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-aconitate + H2O = isocitrate.
C-19 gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a C-19 gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a C-19 2-beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2. C-19 gibberellin refers to a gibberellin with nineteen carbons.
(C-19 gibberellin-1),2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (2beta-hydroxylating)
C-19 gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase activity
C-19 gibberellin 2beta-hydroxylase activity
C-19 gibberellin 2-beta-hydroxylase activity
C-20 gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a C-20 gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a C-20 2-beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2. C-20 gibberellin refers to a gibberellin with twenty carbons.
(C-20 gibberellin-1),2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (2beta-hydroxylating)
C-20 gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase activity
C-20 gibberellin 2beta-hydroxylase activity
C-20 gibberellin 2-beta-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an arabinosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
delta 3-trans-hexadecenoic acid phosphatidylglycerol desaturase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-3-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol = 1-18:3-3-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H+. This reaction is the formation of a trans double bond between carbon 3 and carbon 4 (counting from the carboxyl end) of palmitic acid, which is specifically esterified to the sn-2 glyceryl carbon of phosphatidylglycerol.
indole-3-butyrate beta-glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-butyrate + UDP-D-glucose = indole-3-butyryl-beta-1-D-glucose + UDP.
indol-3-ylbutyrylglucose synthase activity
indole-3-butyric acid glucosyltransferase activity
UDPG-indol-3-ylbutyryl glucosyl transferase activity
UDP-glucose:(indol-3-yl)butyrate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:indol-3-ylbutyrate glucosyltransferase activity
UDP-glucose:indol-3-ylbutyrate glucosyl-transferase activity
UDPglucose:indole-3-butyrate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity
uridine diphosphoglucose-indolebutyrate glucosyltransferase activity
salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (ester-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: salicylic acid + UDP-glucose = salicylic acid glucose ester + UDP.
salicylic acid glucosyltransferase activity
UDP:glucose:2-hydroxybenzoic acid glucosyltransferase (ester-forming) activity
UDP:glucose:SA glucosyltransferase (ester-forming) activity
UDP:glucose:salicylate glucosyltransferase (ester-forming) activity
UDP:glucose:salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (ester-forming) activity
salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (glucoside-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: salicylic acid + UDP-glucose = salicylic acid 2-O-glucoside + UDP.
UDP:glucose:2-hydroxybenzoic acid glucosyltransferase (glucoside-forming) activity
UDP:glucose:SA glucosyltransferase (glucoside-forming) activity
UDP:glucose:salicylate glucosyltransferase (glucoside-forming) activity
UDP:glucose:salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (glucoside-forming) activity
benzoic acid glucosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: benzoic acid + UDP-glucose = benzoic acid glucose ester + UDP.
UDP:glucose:BA glucosyltransferase activity
UDP:glucose:benzoate glucosyltransferase activity
UDP:glucose:benzoic acid glucosyltransferase activity
lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: lysophosphatidic acid + H2O = phosphate + monoacylglycerol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyllides, any chlorophyll lacking the terpenoid side chain such as phytyl or farnesyl.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyllide a, a chlorophyll lacking the terpenoid side chain, which is the functional parent of chlorophyll a.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving F420-0 (5-O-{[(1S)-1-carboxyethoxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}-1-deoxy-1-(8-hydroxy-2,4-dioxo-2H-pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolin-10(4H)-yl)-D-ribitol), the fragment of coenzyme F420 remaining after formal hydrolytic removal of all of the glutamate residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alditol phosphates, any phosphorylated polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentitol phosphates, any phosphorylated alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribitol phosphates, any phosphorylated form of ribitol, the pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme gamma-F420-2 (F420-2; coenzyme F420; N-{N-[O-(7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin phospho)-(S)-lactyl]-gamma-L-glutamyl}-L-glutamate), the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of F420-0 with the amino group of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinol + NADP+ = all-trans-retinal + NADPH + H+.
all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase activity
NADP(H)-dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.
cyclic purine nucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue and the base is a purine.
3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid, a cyclic purine dinucleotide in which the base groups are guanine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-leucine = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamatic acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-valine = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + L-glutamatic acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-isoleucine = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.
guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GMP + diphosphate = guanine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
guanosine 5'-phosphate pyrophosphorylase activity
guanosine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.
D-myo-inositol(1,4,5)-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.
D-myo-inositol (1,3,4,5)-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (R)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.
(R)-propane-1,2-diol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
D-lactaldehyde:propanediol oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (S)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.
(S)-propane-1,2-diol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
L-lactaldehyde:propanediol oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-zeaxanthin + 4 H+ + 2 O2 + 4 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = all-trans-violaxanthin + 2 H2O + 4 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
Catalysis of the reaction: nitroalkane + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde or ketone + nitrite + H2O2.
nitroalkane:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
tRNA (uracil-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 2'-O-methyluracil.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (uracil-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA uracil-2'-O-methyltransferase activity
transfer ribonucleate uracil 2'-methyltransferase activity
tRNA (uracil 2')-methyltransferase activity
tRNA uracil 2'-methyltransferase activity
tRNA uracil-2'-O-methyltransferase activity
tRNA (cytosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 2'-O-methylcytosine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (cytosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA cytosine-2'-O-methyltransferase activity
transfer ribonucleate cytosine 2'-methyltransferase activity
tRNA (cytosine 2')-methyltransferase activity
tRNA cytosine 2'-methyltransferase activity
tRNA cytosine-2'-O-methyltransferase activity
phosphomethylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylethanolamine phosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N,N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
N-methylethanolamine phosphate N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:methylethanolamine phosphate N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesol + CTP = 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesyl monophosphate + CDP + H+.
CTP:2-trans,-6-trans-farnesol kinase activity
CTP:2-trans,-6-trans-farnesol phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + nucleoside triphosphate = geranyl monophosphate + nucleoside diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeraniol + nucleoside triphosphate = all-trans-geranyl-geranyl monophosphate + nucleoside diphosphate.
geranylgeraniol phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeraniol + CTP = all-trans-geranyl-geranyl monophosphate + CDP.
CTP:geranylgeraniol phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: prenol + nucleoside triphosphate = prenyl phosphate + nucleoside diphosphate activity.
prenyl alcohol phosphotransferase activity
ent-pimara-9(11),15-diene synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-pimara-9(11),15-diene + diphosphate.
ent-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [ent-pimara-9(11),15-diene-forming] activity
3-methylbutanol:NADP oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NADP+ = 3-methylbutanal + NADPH + H+. 3-methylbutanal is also known as isovaleraldehyde.
3-methylbutanal reductase (NADP) activity
3-methylbutanol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
3-methylbutyraldehyde reductase (NADP) activity
3-methylbutanol:NAD oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NAD+ = 3-methylbutanal + NADH + H+. 3-methylbutanal is also known as isovaleraldehyde.
3-methylbutanal reductase (NAD) activity
3-methylbutanol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
3-methylbutyraldehyde reductase (NAD) activity
D-arabinitol dehydrogenase, D-xylulose forming (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NADP+ = D-xylulose + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = abieta-8(14),12-diene + diphosphate.
ent-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [ent-abieta-8(14),12-diene-forming] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: terpentedienyl diphosphate = diphosphate + terpentetriene.
terpentedienyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (terpentetriene-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-epi-isozizaene + diphosphate.
(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(+)-epi-isozizaene-forming] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,R)-alpha-bisabolene + diphosphate.
(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(E)-alpha-bisabolene-forming] activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = epi-cedrol + diphosphate.
(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (8-epi-cedrol-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (Z)-gamma-bisabolene + diphosphate.
(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(Z)-gamma-bisabolene-forming] activity
L-serine hydro-lyase (adding indole, L-tryptophan-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: indole + L-serine = L-tryptophan + H2O.
L-serine hydro-lyase (adding indole; L-tryptophan-forming) activity
tryptophan synthase beta subunit activity
perillic acid-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: perillic acid + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + ADP + phosphate + perillyl-CoA.
perillic acid:CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity
perillic acid-CoA ligase (AMP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: perillic acid + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + AMP + diphosphate + perillyl-CoA.
perillic acid:CoA ligase (AMP-forming) activity
(3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate:CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + ADP + phosphate + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA.
(3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + AMP + diphosphate + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a carboxylic ester bond.
hydrolase activity acting on ester bonds
trichloro-p-hydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,6-trichlorohydroquinone + 2 glutathione = 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone + glutathione disulfide + HCl.
pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase activity
trichlorohydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose = UDP-beta-L-arabinopyranose.
UDP-arabinopyranose pyranomutase activity
UDP-L-arabinopyranose furanomutase activity
uridine-diphosphate-L-arabinose mutase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + H2O = alpha-D-galactose + sucrose.
raffinose-specific alkaline alpha-galactosidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: epoxyqueuosine in tRNA + reductant = queuosine in tRNA + oxidised reductant.
jasmonoyl-isoleucine-12-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonoyl-isoleucine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 12-hydroxy-jasmonoyl-isoleucine + NADP+ + H2O.
The modification of an organic chemical by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The substances resulting from glucuronidation are known as glucuronosides (or glucuronides) and are often much more water-soluble than the non-glucuronic acid-containing precursor.
cellular glucuronide biosynthetic process
cellular glucuronoside biosynthetic process
The modification of a flavonoid by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The resultant flavonoid glucuronosides are often much more water-soluble than the precursor.
flavonoid glucuronide biosynthetic process
flavonoid glucuronoside biosynthetic process
The modification of a xenobiotic substance by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The resultant glucuronosides are often much more water-soluble than the xenobiotic precursor, enabling efficient excretion.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.
(2S)-3-(2-mercapto-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-2-(trimethylazaniumyl)propanoate metabolic process
2-mercaptoergothioneine trimethylbetaine metabolic process
2-mercaptoergothioneine trimethylbetaine metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.
(2S)-3-(2-mercapto-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-2-(trimethylazaniumyl)propanoate biosynthetic process
2-mercaptoergothioneine trimethylbetaine anabolism
2-mercaptoergothioneine trimethylbetaine biosynthesis
2-mercaptoergothioneine trimethylbetaine biosynthetic process
2-mercaptoergothioneine trimethylbetaine formation
2-mercaptoergothioneine trimethylbetaine synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.
(2S)-3-(2-mercapto-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-2-(trimethylazaniumyl)propanoate catabolic process
2-mercaptoergothioneine trimethylbetaine breakdown
2-mercaptoergothioneine trimethylbetaine catabolic process
2-mercaptoergothioneine trimethylbetaine catabolism
2-mercaptoergothioneine trimethylbetaine degradation
cellular modified histidine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
cellular histidine derivative metabolic process
cellular histidine derivative metabolism
cellular modified histidine catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
cellular histidine derivative catabolic process
cellular histidine derivative catabolism
cellular histidine derivative degradation
cellular modified histidine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
cellular histidine derivative biosynthesis
cellular histidine derivative biosynthetic process
cellular modified histidine biosynthesis
histidine derivative biosynthetic process
ergothioneine biosynthesis from histidine via gamma-glutamyl-hercynylcysteine sulfoxide
The pathway resulting in the formation of ergothioneine from histidine via a set of steps in which gamma-glutamyl-hercynylcysteine sulfoxide is formed as an intermediate.
ergothioneine biosynthesis from histidine via N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine
methylhistidine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-alpha-methyl-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha-dimethyl-L-histidine.
methylhistidine methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:alpha-N-dimethyl-L-histidine alpha-N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N-alpha-dimethyl-L-histidine N-alpha-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:L-histidine alpha-N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:L-histidine Nalpha-methyltransferase activity
N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine biosynthesis from histidine
The pathway resulting in the formation of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine from histidine. Histidine undergoes three methylations by a histidine-alpha-N-methyltransferase (EC:2.1.1.44) to form N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (also known as hercynine or histidine betaine).
histidine betaine biosynthesis from histidine
histidine catabolic process to hercynine
histidine catabolism to N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine
N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.
N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine metabolism
N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.
N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine anabolism
N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine biosynthesis
N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine formation
N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine synthesis
N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.
N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine breakdown
N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine catabolism
N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine degradation
obsolete ergothioneine biosynthesis from N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine
OBSOLETE. The pathway resulting in the formation of ergothioneine from N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (also known as hercynine or histidine betaine).
inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphosphingolipid + H2O = sphingolipid + phosphorylinositol.
inositol phosphorylceramide phospholipase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphorylceramide + H2O = C26-phytoceramide + phosphorylinositol.
mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide phospholipase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide + H2O = C26-phytoceramide + mannosylphosphorylinositol.
mannosyl-diinositol phosphorylceramide phospholipase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: mannosyl-diinositol phosphorylceramide + H2O = C26-phytoceramide + mannosyldiphosphorylinositol.
hydroquinone:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4 hydroquinone + O2 = 4 benzosemiquinone + 4 H2O.
benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
p-diphenol:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-34 + H2O = inosine-34 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.
tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase complex
A protein complex that possesses tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase activity. In eukaryotes the complex is a heterodimer; the subunits are known as Tad2p and Tad3p in yeasts and Adat2 and Adat3 in human.
apurinic/apyrimidinic endoribonuclease activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages immediately 5' to an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP; also called abasic) site within a ribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks, generating a single-strand break with 5'-ribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends.
class II DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages immediately 5' to an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP; also called abasic) site within a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends.
class II DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase activity
regulation of apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages immediately 5' to an AP (also called abasic) site within a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends.
regulation of abasic endodeoxyribonuclease activity
regulation of AP endodeoxyribonuclease activity
regulation of apurinic endodeoxyribonuclease activity
regulation of apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease activity
fatty acid in-chain hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: fatty acid + O2 + 2 NADPH + H+ = fatty acid with in-chain hydroxy group + 2 NADP+ + H2O.
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (2,3,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.
inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 6-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:1D-myo-inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 6-phosphotransferase activity
inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 6-kinase activity
inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 5-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:1D-myo-inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 5-phosphotransferase activity
inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: antheraxanthin = capsanthin.
Catalysis of the reaction: violaxanthin = capsorubin.
violaxanthin-capsorubin isomerase (ketone-forming) activity
dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N,N-dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N,N-sarcosine N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: choline phosphate + H2O = choline + phosphate.
phosphoethanolamine phosphohydrolase activity
phosphoethanolamine phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = ethanolamine + phosphate.
quinate 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: quinate + NADP+ = 3-dehydroquinate + NADPH + H+.
quinate:NADP(+) 3-oxidoreductase activity
shikimate 3-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + NAD+ = 3-dehydroshikimate + NADH + H+.
shikimate:NAD(P)(+) 3-oxidoreductase activity
shikimate:NAD(P)(+) oxidoreductase activity
tRNA (cytosine-3-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 3-methylcytosine.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (cytosine-3-)-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA cytosine-3-methyltransferase activity
transfer ribonucleate cytosine 3-methyltransferase activity
tRNA (cytosine 3)-methyltransferase activity
tRNA cytosine 3-methyltransferase activity
tRNA cytosine-3-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of linkages in beta-D-glucans; beta-glucans are polysaccharides of D-glucose monomers linked by beta-glycosidic bonds.
pyruvate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a ubiquinone + H2O + pyruvate = a ubiquinol + acetate + CO2.
pyruvate:ubiquinone-8-oxidoreductase activity
pyruvate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.
phosphatidylserine 1-acylhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylserine + H2O = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + fatty acid.
phosphatidylserine-specific phospholipase A1 activity
1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylserine acylhydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylserine + H2O = sn-glycerol-phosphoserine + a carboxylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (1R,5S)-carveol + H2O + NADP+.
(R)-limonene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.
inositol tetrakisphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol trisphosphate + phosphate.
phosphatidylinositol monophosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol monophosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphate(n) + H2O = inositol phosphate(n-1) + phosphate. This reaction is the removal of a phosphate group from an inositol phosphate.
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into inositol. Inositol is the cyclic alcohol 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, which is widely distributed in nature and acts as a growth factor in animals and microorganisms.
Catalysis of the reaction: sinapaldehyde + NADPH + H+ = sinapyl-alcohol + NADP+.
sinapyl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: baicalin + H2O = baicalein + D-glucuronate.
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucupyranosiduronate glucuronosylhydrolase activity
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (coenzyme F420) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate + coenzyme F420 + H+ = 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced coenzyme F420.
coenzyme F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
D-glucose-6-phosphate:F420 1-oxidoreductase activity
F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
reactive-black-5:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: reactive black 5 + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized reactive black 5 + 2 H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + H2O = GMP + mannose-1-phosphate.
reduced coenzyme F420:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: reduced coenzyme F420 + CoB-S-S-CoM = coenzyme F420 + CoM-SH + CoB-SH.
coenzyme F420-dependent heterodisulfide oxidoreductase activity
F420-dependent heterodisulfide oxidoreductase activity
F420H2:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase activity
propan-2-ol:coenzyme F420 oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: propan-2-ol + coenzyme F420 = acetone + reduced coenzyme F420.
F420-dependent propan-2-ol dehydrogenase activity
F420-dependent secondary alcohol dehydrogenase activity
isopropanol:coenzyme F420 oxidoreductase activity
GTP:coenzyme F420 guanyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + factor gamma-F420-2 + H+ = coenzyme F390-G + diphosphate.
GTP:coenzyme F420 guanylyltransferase activity
reduced coenzyme F420:quinone oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: reduced coenzyme F420 + 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone = coenzyme F420 + reduced 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. Reduced 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone is also known as 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-hydronaphthoquinone.
F420H2:2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone oxidoreductase activity
F420H2-dependent quinone oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: chitobiose + phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate. This reaction is the phosphorolysis of chitobiose, (GlcNAc)2, a dimer of beta-(1->4) linked glucosamine units.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of hexosaminic linkages in chondroitin, a linear polymer structure composed of the repeating disaccharide unit [->4)-D-glucuronic acid-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-(1-], also written as [->4GlcUA1->3GalNAc1-].
chondroitin endo-beta-galactosaminidase activity
coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4,6-trinitrophenol reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trinitrophenol + H- = 2,4,6-trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex. Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.
coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4,6-trinitrophenol hydride transferase activity
coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4,6-trinitrophenol hydride reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex + H- = trinitrophenol dihydride Meisenheimer complex (aci form). Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.
coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4,6-trinitrophenol-hydride-Meisenheimer-complex hydride transferase activity
coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4-dinitrophenol reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dinitrophenol + H- = 2,4-dinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex. Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.
coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4-dinitrophenol hydride transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [beta-(1->4)-D-glucosamine]n-[N-acetyl-D-glucosamine]m = D-glucosamine + [beta-(1->4)-D-glucosamine](n-1)-[N-acetyl-D-glucosamine]m. This reaction is the hydrolysis of chitosan or chitosan oligosaccharides to remove a D-glucosamine residue from the non-reducing termini; chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed beta-(1->4)-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units.
chitosan exo-1,4-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: gellan = n beta-D-4-deoxy-delta4,5-GlcAp-(1->4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1->3)-beta-D-Glcp. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate bonds of gellan backbone, releasing tetrasaccharides containing a 4-deoxy-4,5-unsaturated D-glucopyranosyluronic acid at the non-reducing end; in the product, the abbreviations are D-glucose (Glc), D-glucuronic acid (GlcA), and L-rhamnose (Rha).
Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond in ulvan, a carbohydrate composed of a repeating structure of [->4)-beta-D-GlcA-(1,4)-alpha-L-Rha 3S-(1->4)-alpha-L-IdoA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rha 3S-(1-]n. Continued digest of ulvan with an enzyme that can catalyze this reaction results in ulvanobiouronic acid A 3-sulfate [->4)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap 3-sulfate-(1-]n with 4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosiduronic acid at the non-reducing end.
Catalysis of the cleavage of glycosidic bonds through a beta-elimination reaction on alginate, a linear polysaccharide consisting of guluronate (G) and mannuronate (M) as the monomer constituents. An oligoalginate is a linear polymer of two, three or four units of (1->4)-alpha-L-guluronic acid and beta-D-mannuronic acid, releasing monosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl groups at their ends.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 reduced coenzyme F420 + O2 = 2 coenzyme F420 + 2 H2O.
mannoside alpha-1,4-mannosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->4) linkage of the terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides.
mannoside alpha-1,4-exomannosidase activity
mannoside exo-alpha-1,4-mannosidase activity
mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,6-alpha-mannosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->6) bonds of alpha-D-mannose residues in mannosyl-oligosaccharide.
1,6-alpha-mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-D-mannohydrolase activity
alpha-1,6-mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-D-mannohydrolase activity
mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-alpha-mannosidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->3) bonds of alpha-D-mannose residues in mannosyl-oligosaccharide.
1,3-alpha-mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-D-mannohydrolase activity
alpha-1,3-mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-D-mannohydrolase activity
beta-6-sulfate-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
Catalysis of the glycosidic cleavage of the terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside 6-sulfate (6-SO3-GlcNAc) residue from sulfomucin, a sulfated mucin derivative.
beta-6-SO3-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
sulfomucin beta-6-sulfate-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F390-A = AMP + coenzyme F420.
8-hydroxyadenylylated-coenzyme F420 hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F390-G = GMP + coenzyme F420.
8-hydroxyguanylylated-coenzyme F420 hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of brefeldin A to produce brefeldin A acid. Brefeldin A is also known as gamma,4-dihydroxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-heptenyl)-4-cyclopentanecrotonic acid lambda-lactone.
Catalysis of the reaction: N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNac2) + H2O = acetate + 2-acetamido-4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-glucose (GlcN-GlcNAc).
N,N'-diacetylchitobiose deacetylase (nonreducing end)
glucosyl-N-acetylglucosamine glucosaminidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glucosyl-N-acetylglucosamine + H2O = glucosamine + N-acetylglucosamine.
Catalysis of the reaction: R1-L-rhamnose-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnose-R2 + H2O = R1-L-rhamnose + L-rhamnose-R2. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an alpha-(1->3) linkage between two rhamnose residues in a polysaccharide chain.
endo-(1,3)-alpha-L-rhamnosidase activity
endo-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnosidase activity
diacetylchitobiose catabolic process to glucosamine and acetate
The pathway resulting in the breakdown of diacetylchitobiose into simpler products, including glucosamine and glucosamine. The catabolism proceeds by the deacetylation of diacetylchitobiose, producing acetate and GlcN-GlcNAc; the latter is cleaved to produce glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is then deacetylated to produce glucosamine (GlcN) and acetate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diacetylchitobiose into simpler products.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving diacetylchitobiose, the N,N'-diacetylated derivative of chitobiose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino disaccharide, a disaccharide having one or more substituted or unsubstituted amino groups in place of hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chitobioses, a family of compounds derived from chitin and based on the structure of D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-D-glucosamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any chitobiose, a family of compounds derived from chitin and based on the structure of D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-D-glucosamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino disaccharide, a disaccharide having one or more substituted or unsubstituted amino groups in place of hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages.
reuteransucrase-mediated reuteran biosynthesis
cellulose catabolism by endo-processive cellulases
The breakdown into simpler components of cellulose. Catabolism is initiated by endohydrolytic attacks on the cellulose chain, and the resulting pieces are further degraded by cellulase enzymes to produce smaller and smaller fragments.
alpha-linked polysaccharide catabolism to maltotriose
The breakdown of large alpha-linked polysaccharides by hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages to yield maltotriose.
alpha-amylase-mediated polysaccharide catabolism, producing maltotriose
maltotriose-forming alpha-amylase activity
alpha-linked polysaccharide catabolism to maltopentaose
The breakdown of large alpha-linked polysaccharides by hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages to yield maltopentaose.
alpha-amylase-mediated polysaccharide catabolism, producing maltopentaose
maltopentaose-forming alpha-amylase activity
d-4,5 unsaturated beta-glucuronyl hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond in an unsaturated saccharide between the unsaturated glucuronyl residue at the nonreducing terminus and the saccharide linked to the residue.
unsaturated beta-glucuronyl hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, releasing mannose.
1,3-beta-D-mannan mannanohydrolase activity
beta-1,3-mannan 3-mannanohydrolase activity
chitooligosaccharide deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: chitooligosaccharide with N-acetylglucosamine at nonreducing terminal + H2O = chitooligosaccharide with glucosamine at nonreducing terminal + acetate. This reaction is the deacetylation of a chitooligosaccharide at the nonreducing N-acetylglucosamine residue; chitooligosaccharide are composed of (1->4)-linked D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) in varying proportions.
3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid)n + H2O = (2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid)n-1 + 2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a 2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid residue from a poly-2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid chain.
2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid sialidase activity
endo-xylogalacturonan hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of xylogalacturonate by cleavage of the alpha-(1,4)-linkage. Xylogalacturonate (XGA) is composed of a chain of alpha-(1,4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues with beta-D-xylose substituted at the O3 position.
Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + H2O = pectate + acetate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of acetyl esters of pectin, producing pectate, partially esterified pectin.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->3)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->6)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->8)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates.
4-O-methyl-glucuronoyl methylesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [X]-4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid + H2O = [X]-OH + methyl-D-glucuronic acid. This reaction is the hydrolysis of the ester linkage between 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid (MeGlcA) and an alcohol (-OH) group attached to a molecule, denoted here as [X].
beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of sialyl residues alpha-2,3-linked to a beta galactosyl residue on the donor to form an alpha-2,3 linkage to a terminal beta galactosyl residue on the acceptor.
coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process
The breakdown of a bicyclic nitroimidazole into simpler components in a process that requires coenzyme F420 and produces reactive nitrogen species. Hydride, from reduced coenzyme F420, is added to the bicyclic nitroimidazole, resulting in unstable substances that break down to form three stable products. The elimination of nitrous acid produces the corresponding des-nitroimidazole; hydrolysis produces a related compound; and further reduction creates an aromatic hydroxylamine metabolite that degrades further. These reactions release hyponitrous acid and nitrous acid, which is unstable and disproportionates into nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive nitrogen intermediates.
coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole breakdown
coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole catabolism
coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole reduction
coenzyme F420-dependent nitroreductase activity
bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a bicyclic nitroimidazole.
bicyclic nitroimidazole metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving bicyclic nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with two rings and a nitro group attached to one ring.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with a nitro group attached to one ring.
imidazole-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with a nitro group attached to one ring.
imidazole-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.
sulfite reductase (coenzyme F420) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: sulfite + 3 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 = hydrogen sulfide + 3 H2O + 3 coenzyme F420. 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 is also known as reduced coenzyme F420.
coenzyme F420-dependent sulfite reductase activity
coenzyme F420-sulfite reductase activity
hydrogen-sulfide:coenzyme F420 oxidoreductase activity
sulfite:reduced coenzyme F420 reductase activity
aflatoxin reductase (coenzyme F420) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: aflatoxin + 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 = aflatoxin with reduced furanocoumarin moiety + coenzyme F420. 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 is also known as reduced coenzyme F420.
aflatoxin:coenzyme F420 oxidoreductase activity
aflatoxin:reduced coenzyme F420 reductase activity
coenzyme F420-aflatoxin reductase activity
coenzyme F420-dependent aflatoxin reductase activity
reduced coenzyme F420:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 = NADPH + H+ + coenzyme F420. 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 is also known as reduced coenzyme F420.
coenzyme F420-dependent NADP oxidoreductase activity
coenzyme F420-dependent NADP reductase activity
Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond in acharan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with a uniformly repeating disaccharide structure of alpha-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-iduronic acid.
1-phosphatidylinositol-5-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
1-phosphatidylinositol 5-kinase activity
ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphotransferase activity
1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 4-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate 4-phosphotransferase activity
phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 4-kinase activity
phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 5-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3,4-bisphosphate 5-phosphotransferase activity
phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate.
medium-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a medium-chain aldehyde + NAD+ = a medium-chain carboxylate + NADH + H+. Medium-chain aldehydes have a chain length of between 8 and 12 carbons.
medium-chain-aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
medium-chain aliphatic aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
medium-chain fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
medium-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a medium-chain acyl-CoA = a medium-chain carboxylate + CoA. A medium chain is a chain of between eight and twelve carbons in length.
medium-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase activity
medium-chain acyl coenzyme A hydrolase activity
medium-chain acyl-thioester hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a long-chain acyl-CoA = a long-chain carboxylate + CoA. A long chain is a chain of greater than 12 carbons in length.
long-chain acyl coenzyme A hydrolase activity
long-chain acyl-thioester hydrolase activity
very long chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a very long chain acyl-CoA = a very long chain carboxylate + CoA. A very long chain has chain length greater than C18.
very long-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase activity
very long-chain acyl coenzyme A hydrolase activity
very long-chain acyl-thioester hydrolase activity
heteroglycan 3-alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: heteroglycan + GDP-mannose = (1->3)-alpha-D-mannosylheteroglycan + GDP.
GDP-mannose:heteroglycan 3-alpha-D-mannosyltransferase activity
GDP mannose 3-alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphomannose-heteroglycan 3-alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
heteropolysaccharide 3-alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
heteroglycan 2-alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: heteroglycan + GDP-mannose = (1->2)-alpha-D-mannosylheteroglycan + GDP.
GDP-mannose:heteroglycan 2-alpha-D-mannosyltransferase activity
GDP mannose 2-alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
guanosine diphosphomannose-heteroglycan 2-alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
heteropolysaccharide 2-alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
DNA-1,N6-ethenoadenine N-glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA with 1-N6-ethenoadenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 1-N6-ethenoadenine. This reaction is the removal of 1,N6-ethenoadenine by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar.
1,N(6)-ethenoadenine N-glycosylase activity
DNA-7-methyladenine glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 7-methyladenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 7-methyladenine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 7-methyladenine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 7-methyladenine, leaving an abasic site.
DNA-3-methylguanine glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.
deoxyribonucleate 3-methylguanine glycosidase I
2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4,7-trienedioate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4Z,7E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4,7-trienedioate + H2O = (2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + fumarate + H+.
(2E,4Z,7E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4,7-trienedioate fumarylhydrolase activity
2-hydroxy-6-ketonona-2,4,7-trienedoic acid hydrolase activity
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.
inositol hexakisphosphate 2-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.
1D-myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate 2-phosphohydrolase activity
inositol pentakisphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.
inositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate.
inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.
inositol-1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 6-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.
inositol-1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-3,4,6-trisphosphate + phosphate.
inositol monophosphate 3-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.
inositol monophosphate 4-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 4-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.
inositol monophosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.
L-myo-inositol-phosphate phosphatase activity
myo-inositol-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
inositol-3,4,6-trisphosphate 1-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 3,4,6-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.
1D-myo-inositol-trisphosphate 1-kinase activity
ATP:1D-myo-inositol-3,4,6-trisphosphate 1-phosphotransferase activity
inositol 3,4,6-trisphosphate 1-kinase activity
inositol-trisphosphate 1-kinase activity
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate = ADP + inositol 5-triphosphate pentakisphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a thiazole, a five-membered heterocyclic ring structure containing a sulfur in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiazole, a five-membered heterocyclic ring structure containing a sulfur in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate = ADP + inositol bisdiphosphate trisphosphate.
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + phosphate.
inositol bisdiphosphate tetrakisphosphate diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: bisdiphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + H2O = diphospho-1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + phosphate.
inositol diphosphate pentakisphosphate diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + phosphate.
inositol-1-diphosphate-2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.
inositol 1-diphosphate 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 1-diphosphatase activity
inositol 1-pyrophosphate 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 1-pyrophosphatase activity
inositol-3-diphosphate-1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.
inositol-5-diphosphate-1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.
inositol-1,5-bisdiphosphate-2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 1-diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-bisdiphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.
inositol 1,5-bisdiphosphate 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 1-diphosphatase activity
inositol 1,5-bispyrophosphate 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 1-pyrophosphatase activity
inositol-1,5-bisdiphosphate-2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 5-diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-bisdiphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.
inositol-3,5-bisdiphosphate-2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 5-diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-bisdiphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.
NADPH-dependent curcumin reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: curcumin + NADPH + H+ = dihydrocurcumin + NADP+.
NADPH-dependent dihydrocurcumin reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrocurcumin + NADPH+ + H+ = tetrahydrocurcumin + NADP+.
dihydrocurcumin reductase (NADPH) activity
ferric-chelate reductase (NADPH) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + NADP+ + H+ -> 2 Fe2+-siderophore + NADPH.
ferric reductase, NADPH-dependent activity
ADP-dependent NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-6beta-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + ADP = AMP + 3 H+ + NADH + phosphate.
(6S)-beta-6-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide hydro-lyase(ADP-hydrolysing; NADH-forming)
(6S)-beta-6-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide hydro-lyase (ADP-hydrolysing)
ADP-dependent H(4)NAD(P)OH dehydratase activity
ADP-dependent H4NAD(P)OH dehydratase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-NADHX = (S)-NADHX.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-NADPHX = (S)-NADPHX.
peptidyl-lysine acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + peptidyl-L-lysine = phosphate + peptidyl-N6-acetyl-L-lysine.
acetyl-phosphate:peptidyl-L-lysine 6-N-acetyltransferase activity
acetyl-phosphate:peptidyl-L-lysine N6-acetyltransferase activity
peptidyl-lysine N(6)-acetyltransferase activity
peptidyl-lysine N6-acetyltransferase activity
peptidyl-lysine N-acetyltransferase activity, acting on acetyl phosphate as donor
glucan endo-1,4-beta-glucosidase activity
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages in (1->4)-beta-D-glucans.
beta-1,4-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase activity
2'-deoxymugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxy-2'-deoxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2.
2'-deoxymugineic acid,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) activity
glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucanase activity, C-3 substituted reducing group
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->3)-linkages in beta-D-glucans when the glucose residue whose reducing group is involved in the linkage to be hydrolysed is itself substituted at C-3.
1,3-(1,3)-beta-D-glucan 3-glucanohydrolase activity
glucan endo-1,4-beta-glucanase activity, C-3 substituted reducing group
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-linkages in beta-D-glucans when the glucose residue whose reducing group is involved in the linkage to be hydrolysed is itself substituted at C-3.
1,3-(1,4)-beta-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase activity
1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, the 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway and a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.
(2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentyl dihydrogen phosphate metabolic process
(2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentyl dihydrogen phosphate metabolism
1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate metabolism
1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, the 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway and a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.
(2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentyl dihydrogen phosphate breakdown
(2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentyl dihydrogen phosphate catabolic process
(2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentyl dihydrogen phosphate catabolism
(2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentyl dihydrogen phosphate degradation
1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate breakdown
1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate catabolism
1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate degradation
1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, the 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway and a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.
(2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentyl dihydrogen phosphate anabolism
(2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentyl dihydrogen phosphate biosynthesis
(2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentyl dihydrogen phosphate biosynthetic process
(2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentyl dihydrogen phosphate formation
(2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentyl dihydrogen phosphate synthesis
1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate anabolism
1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthesis
1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate formation
1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthesis
phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol phosphate(n) + H2O = phosphatidylinositol phosphate(n-1) + phosphate. This reaction is the removal of a phosphate group from a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.
phosphatidylinositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.
phosphatidylinositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate phosphatase activity
phosphatidylinositol-trisphosphatase activity
phosphatidyl-myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate phosphatase activity
protein-lysine lysyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protein-lysine + protein-lysine = protein N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine + protein. This reaction is the addition of lysine group from one protein to a lysine residue in a second protein, producing N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine.
arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonic acid + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 20-HETE + NADP+ + H2O. Arachidonic acid is also known as (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid, and 20-HETE is also known as (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-20-hydroxyicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid.
arachidonic acid:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tocopherol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 13'-hydroxy-tocopherol + NADP+ + H2O .
alpha-tocopherol omega-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-tocopherol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 13'-hydroxy-alpha-tocopherol + NADP+ + H2O .
alpha-tocopherol 13-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tocotrienol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 13'-hydroxy-tocotrienol + NADP+ + H2O .
Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NADP+ = FMN + NADPH + 2 H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NAD+ = FMN + NADH + 2 H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: reduced riboflavin + NAD(P)+ = riboflavin + NAD(P)H + 2 H+. This reaction can utilize NADH and NADPH.
flavine mononucleotide reductase activity
NAD(P)H:riboflavin oxidoreductase activity
riboflavin mononucleotide (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) reductase activity
methylamine dehydrogenase (amicyanin) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2O + methylamine + 2 oxidized [amicyanin] = formaldehyde + 2 H+ + NH4+ + 2 reduced [amicyanin].
methylamine:amicyanin oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, with a copper protein as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and a copper protein is the acceptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + linoleate = (8R,9Z,12Z)-8-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.
5,8-linoleate diol synthase (bifunctional enzyme) activity
7,8-linoleate diol synthase (bifunctional enzyme) activity
9,12-octadecadienoate 8-hydroperoxide 8S-isomerase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (8R,9Z,12Z)-8-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate = (7S,8S,9Z,12Z)-7,8-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.
(8R,9Z,12Z)-8-hydroperoxy-9,12-octadecadienoate mutase ((7S,8S,9Z,12Z)-5,8-dihydroxy-9,12-octadecadienoate-forming) activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, with copper protein as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.
4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + FADH(2) + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + FAD + H+ + H2O.
4-hydroxyphenylacetate,FADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) activity
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid-3-hydroxylase activity
p-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase (FAD) activity
p-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase activity
p-hydroxyphenylacetate hydroxylase (FAD) activity
p-hydroxyphenylacetate hydroxylase activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with a copper protein as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = NH4 + trans-4-coumarate.
all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + all-trans-retinyl palmitate = 11-cis-retinol + H+ + palmitate.
all-trans-retinol isomerase:hydrolase activity
all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + all-trans-retinyl ester = 11-cis-retinol + fatty acid.
all-trans-retinylester 11-cis isomerohydrolase activity
all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity
9,9'-dicis-carotene:quinone oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + a quinone = 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene + a quinol.
9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene desaturase activity
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene:quinone oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene + a quinone = 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene + a quinol.
obsolete dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate) activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + fumarate = orotate + succinate.
9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene desaturation to 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene
The series of reactions in which 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene is desaturated to 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene, and then 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene. The overall reaction for this process is: 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + 2 quinone = 2 quinol + 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene.
7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene biosynthesis from 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene
9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene catabolism to 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, with a flavin as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a flavin.
aliphatic (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic (S)-hydroxynitrile = an aliphatic aldehyde or ketone + cyanide.
(S)-cyanohydrin carbonyl-lyase (cyanide forming) activity
(S)-cyanohydrin producing hydroxynitrile lyase activity
(S)-selective hydroxynitrile lyase activity
aromatic (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic (S)-hydroxynitrile = an aromatic aldehyde + cyanide.
N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N1-acetylspermine + oxygen + H2O = N-(3-acetamidopropyl)-4-aminobutanal + propane-1,3-diamine + hydrogen peroxide.
polyamine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity
norspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: norspermine + oxygen + H2O = norspermidine + 3-aminopropanal + hydrogen peroxide.
N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (N1-acetylspermidine-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N1-acetylspermine + oxygen + H2O = N1-acetylspermidine + 3-aminopropanal + hydrogen peroxide.
spermidine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermidine = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-aminobutanal + H2O2.
N8-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(8)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-acetamidobutanal + H2O2.
N(8)-acetylspermidine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity
obsolete N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-acetamidobutanal + H2O2.
N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + N(1)-acetylspermidine.
spermine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermine = 1,3-diaminopropane + H2O2 + N-(3-aminopropyl)-4-aminobutanal.
spermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (spermidine-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.
spermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-aminopropanal-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermidine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.
N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1)-acetylspermine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.
N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.
tRNA (guanine(9)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(9) in tRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(9) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
tRNA (guanine-N(1)-)-methyltransferase activity
tRNA(m(1)G(9)/m(1)A(9))-methyltransferase activity
tRNA m(1)G(9)-methyltransferase activity
tRNA (guanine(37)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(37) in tRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(37) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
transfer RNA (m(1)G(37)) methyltransferase activity
tRNA (m(1)G(37)) methyltransferase activity
tRNA-(N(1)G37) methyltransferase activity
23S rRNA (adenine(1618)-N(6))-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1618) in 23S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N(6)-methyladenine(1618) in 23S rRNA.
rRNA large subunit methyltransferase F activity
16S rRNA (adenine(1518)-N(6)/adenine(1519)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1518)/adenine(1519) in 16S rRNA = 4 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(1518)/N(6)-dimethyladenine(1519) in 16S rRNA.
S-adenosylmethionine-6-N',N'-adenosyl (rRNA) dimethyltransferase activity
18S rRNA (adenine(1779)-N(6)/adenine(1780)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1779)/adenine(1780) in 18S rRNA = 4 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(1779)/N(6)-dimethyladenine(1780) in 18S rRNA.
23S rRNA (adenine(2085)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2085) in 23S rRNA = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(2085) in 23S rRNA.
ermC 23S rRNA methyltransferase activity
rRNA:m(6)A methyltransferase ermC' activity
23S rRNA (guanine(745)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(745) in 23S rRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(745) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
23S rRNA m(1)G(745) methyltransferase activity
23S rRNA (guanine(748)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(748) in 23S rRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(748) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
23S rRNA m(1)G(748) methyltransferase activity
16S rRNA (guanine(966)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(966) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(966) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
16S rRNA (guanine(1207)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1207) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1207) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
23S rRNA (guanine(2445)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(2445) in 23S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(2445) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
23S rRNA (guanine(1835)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1835) in 23S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1835) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
dolichyl-P-Man:Man(7)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase
Catalysis of the addition of mannose to dolichyl-pyrophosphate Man7GlcNAc2 (also written as Man7GlcNAc2-PP-Dol) in alpha-(1->6) linkage, producing Man8GlcNAc2-PP-Dol.
dolichyl-P-mannose:Man(7)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichyl mannosyltransferase activity
dolichyl-pyrophosphate Man7GlcNAc2 alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity
dol-P-Man:Man(7)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity
dol-P-Man:Man(8)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.
aliphatic (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic (R)-hydroxynitrile = an aliphatic aldehyde or ketone + hydrogen cyanide.
obsolete (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanenitrile lyase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanenitrile = butan-2-one + hydrogen cyanide.
obsolete acetone-cyanohydrin acetone-lyase (cyanide-forming) activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: acetone cyanohydrin = hydrogen cyanide + acetone.
hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase (geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 2 isopentenyl diphosphate = 2 diphosphate + all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate.
(all-E) hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase activity
(all-trans)-hexaprenyl-diphosphate synthase activity
all-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (geranyl-diphosphate specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate = 7 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate.
(E)-octaprenyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate octaprenyltranstransferase activity
all-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase activity
nonaprenyl diphosphate synthase activity
nonaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity
polyprenylpyrophosphate synthetase activity
solanesyl diphosphate synthetase activity
solanesyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity
terpenyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity
trans-octaprenyltranstransferase activity
all-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate = 5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate.
dol-P-Man:Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.
dolichyl-P-Man:Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichyl mannosyltransferase activity
man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol mannosyltransferase activity
dol-P-Man:Man(6)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.
dolichylphosphomannose-dependent ALG9 mannosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA precursor + CTP = a tRNA with a 3' CC end + 2 diphosphate.
CTP:3'-cytidine-tRNA cytidylyltransferase activity
ATP:3'-cytidine-cytidine-tRNA adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA with a 3' CC end + ATP = a tRNA with a 3' CCA end + diphosphate.
ATP:3'-CC-tRNA adenylyltransferase activity
alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c(L)) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome cL] + a primary alcohol = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome cL] + an aldehyde + 2 H+.
2-chloroethanol cytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity
alcohol:cytochrome c(L) oxidoreductase activity
ethanol cytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity
methanol ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity
alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] + a primary alcohol = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + an aldehyde + 2 H+.
2-chloroethanol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity
alcohol:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
alcohol:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
alcohol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity
alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity
ethanol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity
PQQ-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase activity
quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase activity
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrial cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventricular cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.
ventricular cardiac myofibril development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac cell is a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized.
atrial cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structure of cardiac atrium muscle is generated and organized.
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized.
atrial cardiac muscle cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell in the atrium. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ.
atrial heart muscle cell differentiation
ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.
ventricular cardiomyocyte differentiation
ventricular heart muscle cell differentiation
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrial cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ.
ventricular cardiac muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.
ventricular heart muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hypochord is a transient rod-like structure in the embryos of fish, lampreys and amphibians that is located immediately ventral to the notochord. The hypochord may play a role in positioning the dorsal aorta.
The increase in size or mass of a cardiac muscle, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.
regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.
regulation of cardiac muscle fibre development
regulation of heart muscle fiber development
negative regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.
downregulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
down regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
down-regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
inhibition of cardiac muscle fiber development
negative regulation of cardiac muscle fibre development
negative regulation of heart muscle fiber development
positive regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.
activation of cardiac muscle fiber development
positive regulation of cardiac muscle fibre development
positive regulation of heart muscle fiber development
stimulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
upregulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
up regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
up-regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.
negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.
down regulation of cardiac muscle growth
down-regulation of cardiac muscle growth
negative regulation of heart muscle growth
positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.
positive regulation of heart muscle growth
regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.
positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.
activation of cardiac muscle development
positive regulation of heart muscle development
stimulation of cardiac muscle development
upregulation of cardiac muscle development
up regulation of cardiac muscle development
up-regulation of cardiac muscle development
negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.
downregulation of cardiac muscle development
down regulation of cardiac muscle development
down-regulation of cardiac muscle development
inhibition of cardiac muscle development
negative regulation of heart muscle development
Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane in the cortical cytosol.
nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Bolwig's organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain.
The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within a plastid.
An organelle consisting of a network of tubules that functions in targeting molecules, such as receptors transporters and lipids, to the plasma membrane.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a recycling endosome.
A crystalline exocytotic organelle composed of small, acidic proteins existing primarily as disulphide-linked dimers. The trichocyst is an organelle that releases long filamentous proteins that capture predators in net-like structures, to slow them down when the cell is disturbed. The protein is nontoxic and shaped like a long, striated, fibrous shaft.
Flagellar filaments located in the periplasmic space; characterized in spirochetes, in which they are essential for shape and motility. Composed of a core surrounded by two sheath layers, the flagella rotate to allow migration of the cell through viscous media, which would not be possible using external flagella.
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopentanol + NAD+ = cyclopentanone + H+ + NADH.
cyclopentanol:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
cyclopentanol:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-valerolactone + H2O = 5-hydroxyvalerate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxovalerate + NADP+ + H2O = glutarate + NADPH + H+.
The interconnected cell membranes and intracellular regions of a plant. The interconnections occur via the plasmodesmata.
The process in which the antipodal cells undergo programmed cell death.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pollen grain over time, from its formation as the microspore to the mature structure.
The process in which the generative cell divides by mitosis to form two haploid cells. These will subsequently differentiate into sperm cells.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart, in the absence of centrosomes. Formation is initiated by the nucleation of microtubules (MTs) in the vicinity of condensed chromatin. MTs then attach to and congress around the chromatin due to activity of microtubule motors. A bipolar spindle is formed by focusing of the terminal ends of the MT array into spindle poles by molecular motors and cross-linking proteins.
OBSOLETE. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart, in the presence of centrosomes.
obsolete astral spindle assembly involved in male meiosis
OBSOLETE. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the astral spindle in male meiotic cells.
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, integrated substrate binding
A complex for the transport of metabolites out of the cell, consisting of 4 domains: two ATP-binding domains and two membrane spanning domains. In some cases, all 4 domains are contained on 1 polypeptide, while in others one ATP-binding domain and one membrane spanning domain are together on one polypeptide in what is called a half transporter. Two half-transporters come together to form a functional transporter. Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, substrate-binding subunit-containing
A complex for the transport of metabolites into the cell, consisting of 5 subunits: two ATP-binding subunits, two membrane spanning subunits, and one substrate-binding subunit. In organisms with two membranes, the substrate-binding protein moves freely in the periplasmic space and joins the other subunits only when bound with substrate. In organisms with only one membrane the substrate-binding protein is tethered to the cytoplasmic membrane and associated with the other subunits. Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: mannose + H+ = mannose + H+.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: fructose + H+ = fructose + H+.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-glucose + H+ = D-glucose + H+. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. D-glucose is the dextrorotatory D-enantiomer of glucose.
D-glucose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of the D-enantiomer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of a membrane to the other.
The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into daughter cells. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.
The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two equi-potent daughter cells.
The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two daughter cells with different developmental potentials.
asymmetric neuroblast division resulting in ganglion mother cell formation
Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into a neuroblast and a ganglion mother cell.
obsolete di-, tri-valent inorganic anion homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent or trivalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phosphate ions within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfate ions within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of chloride ions within an organism or cell.
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of metal ions within an organism or cell.
obsolete di-, tri-valent inorganic cation homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent or trivalent cations within an organism or cell.
obsolete monovalent inorganic cation homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic cations within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cobalt ions within an organism or cell.
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of zinc ions within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of copper ions within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of manganese ions within an organism or cell.
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of iron ions within an organism or cell.
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cadmium ions within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of potassium ions within an organism or cell.
obsolete transition metal ion homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of transition metal ions within an organism or cell. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.
A wide pore channel activity that enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a gap junction hemi-channel. Two gap junction hemi-channels coupled together form a complete gap junction.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions within an organism or cell.
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of aluminum ions within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic cations within an organism or cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic anions within an organism or cell. Monatomic anions (also called simple anions) are anions consisting of exactly one atom.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within a cell.
obsolete monovalent inorganic anion homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell.
The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
ATP hydrolysis coupled transmembrane transport
nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolism
A protein complex that regulates RNA degradation by the exosome complex. In Saccharomyces the complex has a heterotetrameric stoichiometry consisting of one copy each of Ski2p and Ski3 and two copies of Ski8p.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of lipid within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of acylglycerol within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phospholipid within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sterol within an organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoprotein particle stimulus.
response to lipoprotein particle stimulus
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a lipoprotein particle.
lipoprotein particle mediated signal transduction
low-density lipoprotein particle mediated signaling
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of low-density lipoprotein particle.
low-density lipoprotein mediated signalling
low-density lipoprotein particle-mediated signaling
low-density lipoprotein particle mediated signal transduction
high density lipoprotein particle mediated signaling
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of high density lipoprotein particle.
high density lipoprotein mediated signalling
high density lipoprotein particle-mediated signaling
high density lipoprotein particle mediated signal transduction
Binding to adiponectin, a protein hormone produced by adipose tissue that modulates a number of metabolic processes, including glucose regulation and fatty acid catabolism.
obsolete glycerophospholipase inhibitor activity
OBSOLETE. Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a glycerophospholipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid.
Binds to and modulates the activity of a ligase.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a ligase.
ubiquitin-protein transferase inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a ubiquitin-protein transferase.
ubiquitin-protein transferase regulator activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of a ubiquitin-protein transferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to lysine in a substrate protein.
The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to a secretory granule. The secretory granule is a membrane-bounded particle, usually protein, formed in the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex.
The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to a transport vesicle. Continuously secreted proteins are sorted into transport vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents by exocytosis.
invagination involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
The infolding of the epithelial sheet into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.
involution involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
The inturning of an epithelial sheet over the basal surface of an outer layer involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.
ingression involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
The migration of individual cells into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.
delamination involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
The splitting or migration of one epithelial sheet into two involved in the process of deuterostomic gastrulation.
epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.
OBSOLETE. A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.
The dormancy process that results in entry into diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.
The dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.
negative regulation of cardiac muscle contraction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.
The process in which the extent of cardiac muscle contraction is reduced.
A vinculin-containing myofibril attachment structure of striated muscle that connects sarcomeres to the extracellular matrix. In nematode body wall muscle, the dense body performs the dual role of Z-disk and costamere.
response to high fluence blue light stimulus by blue high-fluence system
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a high fluence blue light stimulus by the blue high-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue high-fluence system responds to blue light at levels between 100 and 1000 micromols/m2.
response to high fluence blue light by bhf system
response to very low light intensity stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive system is the entire structure in which digestion takes place. Digestion is all of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
obsolete premature neural plate formation
OBSOLETE. The formation of the neural plate before the appropriate time.
OBSOLETE. A protein complex that forms part of the nuclear pore complex, and is required for its correct assembly. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nic96 contains Nsp1p, Nup57p, Nup49p, and Nic96p.
OBSOLETE. A protein complex that forms part of the nuclear pore complex. It forms a subcomplex with Nup159p and Nsp1p, interacts with Nup116p, and is required for proper localization of Nup116p. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains Nup82p, Nsp1p, Nup159p, Nup116p, and Gle2p.
vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear
The transmission of vibrations via ossicles to the inner ear.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-proline, an L-enantiomer of a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine.
(2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid catabolic process
Binding to a C3HC4-type zinc finger domain of a protein. The C3HC4-type zinc finger is a variant of RING finger, is a cysteine-rich domain of 40 to 60 residues that coordinates two zinc ions, and has the consensus sequence: C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C, where X is any amino acid. Many proteins containing a C3HC4-type RING finger play a key role in the ubiquitination pathway.
minus-end directed microfilament motor activity
A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament towards the minus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The minus end of an actin filament is the end that does not preferentially add actin monomers.
minus-end directed actin filament motor activity
minus-end directed actin-filament motor activity
pointed-end directed actin-filament motor activity
plus-end directed microfilament motor activity
A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament towards the plus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The minus end of an actin filament is the end that does not preferentially add actin monomers.
barbed-end directed actin-filament motor activity
plus-end directed actin filament motor activity
plus-end directed actin-filament motor activity
The directed movement of copper ions out of a cell or organelle.
An automatic response to a stimulus beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor and ending with the action of an effector such as a gland or a muscle. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.
A reflex process in which a response to an angular or linear acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the inner ear and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.
A vestibular reflex by which a response to an angular acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the semi-circular canal and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.
A vestibular reflex by which a response to a linear acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the otolith and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Sertoli cell. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Sertoli cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a Sertoli cell fate.
The process in which the cellular identity of Sertoli cells is acquired and determined.
The multiplication or reproduction of Sertoli cells, resulting in the expansion of the Sertoli cell population. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.
The vesicular release of glycine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glycine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
A reflex process in which an animal immediately tries to turn over after being placed in a supine position.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a granulosa cell, a supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals.
The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become granulosa cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a granulosa cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a granulosa cell fate.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parathyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone.
The commitment of a cells to a specific astrocyte fate and its restriction to develop only into an astrocyte.
The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the brain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to Brgmann glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the roof of the mouth from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The roof of the mouth is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hard palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The hard palate is the anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the soft palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The soft palate is the posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate.
Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic activity, the controlled release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and their subsequent detection by a postsynaptic cell.
The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis.
convergent extension involved in gastrulation
The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis usually resulting in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
convergent extension involved in axis elongation
The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contributing to the lengthening of the axis of an organism.
convergent extension involved in organogenesis
The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contribution to the shaping of an organ.
The directed migration of individual cells and small groups of cells toward the dorsal midline during gastrulation. This process does not require cell rearrangement.
The interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.
The developmental process in which the stucture of the notochord is destroyed in an embryo.
The developmental process in which an anatomical stucture is destroyed as a part of its normal progression.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features cells that make up the notochord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a notochord cell fate.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a notochord cell over time, from its formation to its mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
The assembly and arrangement of a vacuole within a cell of the notochord.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pharyngeal system is a transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear.
The expansion of a cardiac muscle cell population by cell division.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pericardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the aorta, vena cava and the pulmonary artery.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a bipolar cell, the last neuron to be generated in the retina.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized.
retina morphogenesis in camera-style eye
regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.
regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation
regulation of heart muscle cell proliferation
negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.
negative regulation of heart muscle cell proliferation
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.
positive regulation of heart muscle cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction.
The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein glycosylation. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.
regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation
positive regulation of protein glycosylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the glycosylation of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.
positive regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation
negative regulation of protein glycosylation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the glycosylation of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.
negative regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising neurofilaments and their associated proteins.
neurofilament cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
Intermediate filament cytoskeletal structure that is made up of neurofilaments. Neurofilaments are specialized intermediate filaments found in neurons.
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in wound healing
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation, contributing to the restoration of integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury.
Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
The tissue remodeling that removes differentiated mammary epithelia during weaning.
apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution
Any apoptotic process that triggers the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle the mammary epithelial cells resulting in their programmed cell death.
apoptosis involved in mammary gland involution
positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process of mammary epithelial cells during mammary gland involution.
positive regulation of apoptosis involved in mammary gland involution
embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye
The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the embryonic life stage.
post-embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye
The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the post-embryonic life stage.
Formation of the specialized region on the dorsalmost side of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.
Spemann organizer formation at the dorsal lip of the blastopore
Formation of the specialized region at the dorsal lip of the blatopore of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.
Spemann's organizer formation at the dorsal lip of the blastopore
Spemann-Mangold organizer formation at the dorsal lip of the blastopore
Spemann organizer formation at the embryonic shield
Formation of the specialized region of the embryonic shield of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the teleost body plan.
Spemann's organizer formation at the embryonic shield
Spemann-Mangold organizer formation at the embryonic shield
Spemann organizer formation at the anterior end of the primitive streak
Formation of the specialized region at the anterior end of the primitive streak of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the body plan.
Spemann's organizer formation at the anterior end of the primitive streak
Spemann-Mangold organizer formation at the anterior end of the primitive streak
The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the uterus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oviduct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism.
The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cervix over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Wnt signaling pathway, regulating spindle positioning
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with the positioning of the mitotic spindle.
Wnt-activated signaling pathway, regulating spindle positioning
Wnt receptor signaling pathway, regulating spindle positioning
Wnt receptor signalling pathway, regulating spindle positioning
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway
Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin
Wnt receptor signaling pathway via beta-catenin
Wnt receptor signalling pathway through beta-catenin
Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity.
Wnt-activated signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
Wnt receptor signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel with a unit conductance of 100 to 220 picoSiemens that opens in response to stimulus by concerted actions of internal calcium ions and membrane potential. Large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are less sensitive to calcium than are small or intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
BK calcium-activated potassium channel activity
The regulation of body fluids process in which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body.
The process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state. Synaptic maturation plays a critical role in the establishment of effective synaptic connections in early development.
regulation of resting membrane potential
Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a resting potential, the electrical charge across the plasma membrane, with the interior of the cell negative with respect to the exterior. The resting potential is the membrane potential of a cell that is not stimulated to be depolarized or hyperpolarized.
A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.
A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell reduces the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
Any process that modulates the potential difference across a post-synaptic membrane.
regulation of post-synaptic membrane potential
A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
regulation of excitatory post-synaptic membrane potential
A process that causes a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.
regulation of inhibitory post-synaptic membrane potential
The process in which membrane potential increases with respect to its steady-state potential, usually from negative potential to a more negative potential. For example, during the repolarization phase of an action potential the membrane potential often becomes more negative or hyperpolarized before returning to the steady-state resting potential.
The reflex process in which a mechanical stimulus applied to the eye elicits a response of the eyelid closing.
smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
The process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in the urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue involved in the expulsion urine from the body.
smooth muscle contraction involved in urination
urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
synaptic transmission involved in micturition
The process of communication from a neuron to a smooth muscle in the bladder that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.
synaptic transmission involved in urination
smooth muscle relaxation of the bladder outlet
A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced in the bladder outlet that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.
Any homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
circadian regulation of body temperature
relaxation of vascular associated smooth muscle
A negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction resulting in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. The relaxation is mediated by a decrease in the phosphorylation state of myosin light chain. This can be achieved by removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases leading to a decrease myosin light chain kinase activity, and through calcium-independent pathways leading to a increase in myosin light chain phosphatase activity.
negative regulation of relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
positive regulation of relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
regulation of relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory hair cells.
auditory receptor cell stereocilium organisation
auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization and biogenesis
A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components.
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.
protein-containing complex scaffold activity
A nonmotile primary cilium that is found at the apical surface of auditory receptor cells. The kinocilium is surrounded by actin-based stereocilia.
regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic
Any process that stops or decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.
negative regulation of glycinergic synaptic transmission
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.
positive regulation of glycinergic synaptic transmission
zinc potentiation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission in the presence of zinc. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.
zinc potentiation of glycinergic synaptic transmission
The regulated release of serotonin by a cell, in which released serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter.
cytoskeletal rearrangement involved in phagocytosis, engulfment
The assembly, arrangement, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures that is involved in the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
membrane reorganization involved in phagocytosis, engulfment
The assembly and arrangement of the plasma membrane that is involved in the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
membrane reorganisation involved in phagocytosis, engulfment
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
negative regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix
A collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, multilayered structure that is synthesized by an underlying ectodermal (hypodermal) cell layer. The cuticle serves essential functions in body morphology, locomotion, and environmental protection. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
collagen and cuticulin-based exoskeleton extracellular matrix
obsolete collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix part
OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix, a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, multilayered structure that is synthesized by an underlying ectodermal (hypodermal) cell layer.
surface coat of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix
An electron dense, amorphous envelope that comprises the outermost layer of the cuticle. The surface coat is loosely apposed to the epicuticle, has distinct biochemical properties, is synthesized by cells other than the underlying hypodermis, and is labile. In addition to serving as a lubricant to protect against abrasion and dehydration, the surface coat may also play important roles in infection and immune evasion. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
surface coat of collagen and cuticulin-based exoskeleton extracellular matrix
epicuticle of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix
A lipid-containing layer of cuticle that lies between the cortical layer and the surface coat. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
epicuticle of collagen and cuticulin-based exoskeleton extracellular matrix
cortical layer of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix
The cuticle layer that lies directly beneath the lipid-containing epicuticle. The cortical layer contains collagens and insoluble, non-collagenous cuticulins and is characterized by a distinct annular pattern consisting of regularly spaced annular ridges delineated by annular furrows. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
The extracellular matrix that is a regularly spaced circumferential ridge present in the cortical region of the cuticle. Annuli are delineated by annular furrows and are present throughout the cuticle with the exception of lateral regions where longitudinal alae are present.
The extracellular matrix part that is a regularly spaced indentation in the outer cortical layer of the cuticle. The pattern of annular furrows corresponds to sites of invaginations in hypodermal cell membranes that, in turn, correspond to submembranous regions where actin microfilament bundles assemble early in lethargus, the first phase of the molting cycle in which activity and feeding decline.
medial layer of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix
The fluid-filled cuticle layer that lies between the cortical and basal layers and is characterized by the presence of regularly spaced columnar struts that lie on either side of the annular furrows and link the two surrounding layers. In C. elegans, a defined medial layer is found only in adult animals.
basal layer of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix
The layer of cuticle most closely apposed to the hypodermal cells. The morphology of the basal layer varies with life stage. In adult C. elegans animals, the basal layers is comprised of three sublayers: two fibrous layers whose fibers run in clockwise and counter-clockwise directions meeting one another at a 60 degree angle, and an amorphous basal layer that lies underneath the fibrous layers and directly contacts the hypodermis. In C. elegans dauer and L1 larval stage animals, the basal layer is characterized by a striated pattern that appears to derive from interwoven laminae. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
basal layer of collagen and cuticulin-based exoskeleton extracellular matrix
alae of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix
Raised, thickened cuticular ridges that run longitudinally, and in parallel, along the left and right sides of the animal. The alae lie above the hypodermal cells known as the lateral seam cells. In C. elegans, alae are produced in L1 larvae, dauer larvae and adult stage animals, where they consist of three, five, and three ridges of distinct morphology, respectively.
alae of collagen and cuticulin-based exoskeleton extracellular matrix
The process which controls the timing of the type of sexual cycle seen in female mammals.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of inner ear receptor cells. Inner ear receptor cells are mechanorecptors found in the inner ear responsible for transducing signals involved in balance and sensory perception of sound.
vestibular receptor cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vestibular hair cell.
vestibular receptor cell fate commitment
The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a vestibular receptor cell.
Any process that alters the size or shape of a vestibular receptor cell.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an auditory receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a vestibular receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
The process in which a cell becomes committed to become an inner ear receptor cell.
vestibular receptor cell stereocilium organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of vestibular hair cells.
vestibular hair cell stereocilium organization
vestibular receptor cell stereocilium organisation
vestibular receptor cell stereocilium organization and biogenesis
inner ear receptor cell stereocilium organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of inner ear receptor cells.
inner ear hair cell receptor stereocilium organization
inner ear receptor stereocilium organisation
inner ear receptor stereocilium organization and biogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.
positive regulation of growth hormone secretion
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.
negative regulation of growth hormone secretion
Any process that decreases or stops the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.
somatotropin secreting cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a somatotropin secreting cell. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.
growth hormone secreting cell differentiation
somatotrophin secreting cell differentiation
prolactin secreting cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a prolactin secreting cell. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin.
corticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a corticotropic hormone secreting cell. An corticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces corticotropin.
adrenocorticotrophic hormone secreting cell differentiation
adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell differentiation
corticotrophin hormone secreting cell differentiation
thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell. A thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin.
thyroid stimulating hormone secreting cell differentiation
thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin.
thyroid stimulating hormone secreting cell development
corticotropin hormone secreting cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a corticotropic hormone secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An corticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces corticotropin.
adrenocorticotrophic hormone secreting cell development
adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell development
corticotrophin hormone secreting cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a prolactin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatotropin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.
growth hormone secreting cell development
somatotrophin secreting cell development
The process in which a startle magnitude is reduced when the startling stimulus is preceded by a low-intensity prepulse.
maternal process involved in female pregnancy
A reproductive process occurring in the mother that allows an embryo or fetus to develop within it.
embryonic process involved in female pregnancy
A reproductive process occurring in the embryo or fetus that allows the embryo or fetus to develop within the mother.
maternal process involved in parturition
A reproductive process occurring in the mother that results in birth.
A reproductive process occurring in the embryo that results in birth.
modulation by virus of syncytium formation via plasma membrane fusion
The formation in a cell that has been targeted by a virus of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
positive regulation of syncytium formation by virus
The process in which a virus increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
syncytium formation induced by viral infection
regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
obsolete host cellular process involved in virus induced gene silencing
OBSOLETE. A cellular process occurring in the host cell that contributes to the process of posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of viral gene(s), and host gene(s) homologous to the viral genes.
obsolete host gene silencing in virus induced gene silencing
OBSOLETE. The posttranscriptional gene silencing of host genes that are homologous to viral genes after viral infection.
regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.
regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing
positive regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.
positive regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing
negative regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.
negative regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing
Any process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
microtubule-based peroxisome localization
The microtubule-based process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
microtubule-based peroxisome localisation
Any viral process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
viral process regulating host cell cycle
obsolete cellular process regulating host cell cycle in response to virus
OBSOLETE. Any cellular process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle in response to a virus.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet dense granule. A platelet dense granule is an electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.
bull's eye body organization and biogenesis
platelet dense body organization and biogenesis
platelet dense granule organization and biogenesis
A reflex that occurs in response to suckling, beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor in the mammary gland and ending with the ejection of milk from the gland. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urinary bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urinary bladder is an elastic, muscular sac situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion.
A phospholipase C-activating receptor G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
activation of phospholipase C activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
activation of phospholipase C activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
dopamine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway
regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a dopamine receptor signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
regulation of dopamine receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
negative regulation of dopamine receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
positive regulation of dopamine receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway.
negative regulation of dopamine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway
negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signalling pathway
The process in which in the subpallium, the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.
subpallium neuronal precursor fate commitment
regulation of timing of neuron differentiation
The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires features of a neuron.
regulation of timing of subpallium neuron differentiation
The process controlling the timing and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell in the subpallium acquires features of a neuron. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the olfactory pit from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the olfactory pit, which is an indentation of the olfactory placode, and ends when the pits hollows out to form the nasopharynx.
regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
regulation of adenosine receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
positive regulation of adenosine receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
negative regulation of adenosine receptor signalling pathway
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a cilium.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a stereocilium.
The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an astral microtubule. An astral microtubule is any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. Examples include legs, arms or some types of fin.
The process pertaining to the initial formation of a limb bud from unspecified parts. This process begins with the formation of a local condensation of mesenchyme cells within the prospective limb field, and ends when a limb bud is recognizable.
brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
Combining with a brain-derived neurotrophic factor and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity
regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aggregation during sorocarp development. Aggregation involved in sorocarp development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.
regulation of angiotensin metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving angiotensin.
Any process that modulates the localization of exocysts. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse.
The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction.
The specific behavior of a female organism that is associated with reproduction.
Combining with the peptide apelin to initiate a change in cell activity.
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by apelin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
The process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode.
The opening and spreading out of the outer ear.
Either of two different areas at opposite ends of an axis of a cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein desumoylation. Protein desumoylation is the process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.
positive regulation of protein desumoylation
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein desumoylation. Protein desumoylation is the process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.
negative regulation of protein desumoylation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein desumoylation. Protein desumoylation is the process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
regulation of antisense RNA transcription
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.
negative regulation of antisense RNA transcription
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.
positive regulation of antisense RNA transcription
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.
The separation of the single opening of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts, the cloaca, into multiple isolated openings during development.
A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release.
clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle
A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing glutamate.
clathrin sculpted glutamate constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle
clathrin sculpted glutamate transport vesicle
clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle
A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing acetylcholine.
clathrin sculpted acetylcholine constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle
clathrin sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle
clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle.
clathrin sculpted acetylcholine constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle membrane
clathrin sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle membrane
clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle lumen
The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle.
clathrin sculpted acetylcholine constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle lumen
clathrin sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle lumen
clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle.
clathrin sculpted glutamate constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle membrane
clathrin sculpted glutamate transport vesicle membrane
clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle lumen
The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle.
clathrin sculpted glutamate constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle lumen
clathrin sculpted glutamate transport vesicle lumen
The volume enclosed by a cytoplasmic vesicle.
cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle lumen
cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vesicle lumen
The progression of physiological phases, occurring in the endometrium during the estrous cycle that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. The estrous cycle is an ovulation cycle where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur.
The estrous cycle phase which is a period of sexual quiescence and represents the phase of the mature corpus luteum.
The estrous cycle phase in which there is heightened follicular activity.
The estrous cycle phase in which a female is sexually receptive.
The estrous cycle phase in which there is subsiding follicular function.
regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.
regulation of 3' to 5' mRNA deadenylation
regulation of nuclear mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.
negative regulation of 3' to 5' mRNA deadenylation
negative regulation of mRNA deadenylation
negative regulation of nuclear mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.
positive regulation of 3' to 5' mRNA deadenylation
positive regulation of mRNA deadenylation
positive regulation of nuclear mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
Formation of the endocardium of the heart. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
A first transient wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, gives rise to erythrocytes (red blood cells) and myeloid cells.
A second wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, generates long-term hemopoietic stem cells that continously provide erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages throughout adulthood.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemangioblast. Hemangioblasts are the proposed common precursor of blood and endothelial lineages.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
haematopoietic stem cell differentiation
camera-type eye photoreceptor cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye.
camera-type eye photoreceptor cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal rod cell.
regulation of retinal cone cell fate commitment
Any process that modulates the process in which a cell becomes committed to a retinal cone cell fate. Retinal cone cell fate commitment is the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.
regulation of retinal rod cell fate commitment
Any process that modulates the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.
positive regulation of retinal rod cell fate commitment
Any process that increases the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.
negative regulation of retinal cone cell fate commitment
Any process that increases the process in which a cell becomes committed to a retinal cone cell fate. Retinal cone cell fate commitment is the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell.
Notch signaling pathway involved in camera-type eye photoreceptor fate commitment
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the commitment of a precursor cell to a eye photoreceptor fate.
Notch signalling pathway involved in camera-type eye photoreceptor fate commitment
phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity
Binds to and increases the activity of phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase.
Binds to and increases the activity of a lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid.
Binds to and increases the activity of a lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid within a lipoprotein.
A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell.
epithelial cell differentiation from mesenchymal cell
The process of negative regulation of cell adhesion that results in a cell or sheet of cells splitting off from an existing epithelial sheet.
The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which an oenocyte splits off of an existing epithelial sheet.
The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a neuroblast splits off of a neurectodermal sheet.
Signaling at short range between the head ectoderm and the optic vesicle that results in the head ectoderm forming a lens.
regulation of mitotic spindle organization
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.
regulation of mitotic spindle organisation
regulation of mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis
regulation of fungal-type cell wall organization
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fungal-type cell wall.
regulation of fungal-type cell wall organisation
regulation of fungal-type cell wall organization and biogenesis
regulation of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pheromone-dependent signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion.
positive regulation of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.
negative regulation of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of lysozyme.
The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received by direct cell-cell contact and is converted into a molecular signal, resulting in the cessation of cell growth or proliferation.
detection of cell density by contact stimulus
detection of cell density by contact stimulus involved in contact inhibition
negative regulation of cell growth involved in contact inhibition
The negative regulation of cell growth in response to increased cell density.
negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in contact inhibition
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation in response to cell density.
The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received and converted into a molecular signal.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined anatomical structure of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within the germ-line stem-cell niche. This includes control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function that allows the niche to continue to function. A gem-line stem-cell niche is an anatomical structure that regulates how germ-line stem-cells are used and saves them from depletion.
maintenance of germ line stem cell niche
maintenance of germ line stem-cell niche
maintenance of germ-line stem cell niche
maintenance of germ-line stem-cell niche
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.
positive regulation of glial cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.
negative regulation of glial cell proliferation
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.
regulation of N-terminal protein palmitoylation
Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of the covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.
regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms.
regulation of flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms.
negative regulation of filamentous growth
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the behavior associated with the intake of food.
regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
positive regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of N-terminal protein palmitoylation
Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of the covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.
Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
regulation of respiratory burst involved in acute inflammatory response
positive regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
positive regulation of respiratory burst involved in acute inflammatory response
negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in acute inflammatory response
positive regulation of respiratory burst
Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
negative regulation of respiratory burst
Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
centripetally migrating follicle cell migration
The cell migration process in which a follicle cell migrates as part of an epithelial sheet between the nurse cells and the oocyte. At the end of migration, they cover the anterior of the oocyte.
The ovarian follicle cell migration process in which follicle cells migrate posteriorly to form a columnar epithelium over the oocyte.
The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
The process in which the anatomical structures of skeletal joints are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. A skeletal joint is the connecting structure between the bones of the skeleton.
The behavior in which an organism sheds tears, often accompanied by non-verbal vocalizations and in response to external or internal stimuli.
The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction. Stationary phase can be in response to limited nutrients or a build-up of toxic substances in the environment.
maintenance of stationary phase in response to starvation
The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction in response to limited nutrients in the environment.
maintenance of stationary phase in response to toxin
The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction in response to a build-up of toxins in the environment.
obsolete negative regulation of transcription involved in G1 phase of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that stop, prevents or decreases transcription as part of the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
positive regulation of oocyte development
Any process that increases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
negative regulation of oocyte development
Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
Cell motility due to the motion of one or more eukaryotic cilia. A eukaryotic cilium is a specialized organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
microtubule-based flagellar cell motility
OBSOLETE. Cell motility due to the motion of one or more flagella.
epithelial cilium movement involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
The movement of cilia of epithelial cells of the Left Right Organizer (LRO), also referred to as the node in mouse or the Kupffer's vesicle in zebrafish, resulting in the leftward fluid flow across the LRO and generation or transport of a signal which determines asymmetry in an organism's body plan with respect to the left and right halves.
cilium movement involved in determinationof L/R asymmetry
Kuppfer's vesicle cilium movement involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
nodal cilium movement involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
Formation of a lineage restriction boundary within a developing tissue which does not correspond to some morphological barrier.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a compartment boundary. A compartment boundary is a lineage restriction boundary within a developing tissue which does not correspond to some morphological barrier.
The conversion of a differentiated cell of one fate into a differentiated cell of another fate without first undergoing cell division or reversion to a more primitive or stem cell-like fate.
A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the increase in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.
A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the decrease in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.
Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole of an oocyte, egg or early embryo that will be inherited by the cells that will give rise to the germ line.
cilium movement involved in cell motility
Movement of cilia mediated by motor proteins that contributes to the movement of a cell.
regulation of cilium movement involved in cell motility
Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of cilium movement involved in ciliary motility.
regulation of cilium beat frequency involved in ciliary motility
Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium beating involved in ciliary motility.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
positive regulation of sarcomere organization
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
positive regulation of sarcomere organisation
negative regulation of sarcomere organization
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
negative regulation of sarcomere organisation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
positive regulation of cytokine activity
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
negative regulation of cytokine activity
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
obsolete regulation of nucleosome density
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the number of nucleosomes in a given region of a chromosome.
regulation of phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reaction involving the removal of one or more phosphate groups from a phosphatidylinositol.
regulation of phosphoinositide dephosphorylation
Any process that modulates the diameter of a cell, the length of a line segment that crosses through the center of a circular section through a cell.
Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential, usually from positive to negative.
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization
Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte.
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell repolarization
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle repolarization
regulation of ventricular cardiomyocyte membrane repolarization
Binds to and modulates the activity of GTP cyclohydrolase I. GTP cyclohydrolase I activity catalyzes the reaction: GTP + 2 H2O = formate + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-dihydropteridine triphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of elastin. Elastin is a glycoprotein which is randomly coiled and crosslinked to form elastic fibers that are found in connective tissue.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of elastin catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of elastin.
negative regulation of elastin catabolic process
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of elastin catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of elastin.
down-regulation of elastin catabolic process
negative regulation of elastin breakdown
negative regulation of elastin catabolism
negative regulation of elastin degradation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.
negative regulation of blood vessel remodeling
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.
down-regulation of blood vessel remodeling
regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
Any process that modulates the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
negative regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
Any process that decreases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
positive regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
Any process that increases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition
A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
heart epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of definitive hemopoiesis.
definitive red blood cell differentiation
Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis.
primitive red blood cell differentiation
The recognition and rejection of self pollen by cells in the stigma, mediated by the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes.
The recognition and acceptance of pollen by cells in the stigma, mediated by the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the head are generated and organized. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a face from an initial condition to its mature state. The face is the ventral division of the head.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head.
The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in cell motility
The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell from one place to another.
cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in forward cell motility
The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell in the direction that has been defined as the front of the cell.
cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in forward cell locomotion
cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in rearward cell motility
The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell in the direction that has been defined as the rear of the cell.
cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in rearward cell locomotion
regulation of response to type II interferon
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a response to type II interferon (interferon-gamma). Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.
regulation of response to gamma-interferon
regulation of response to immune interferon
regulation of response to interferon-gamma
negative regulation of response to type II interferon
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a response to type II interferon (interferon-gamma). Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.
negative regulation of response to gamma-interferon
negative regulation of response to immune interferon
negative regulation of response to interferon-gamma
negative regulation of response to type II IFN
positive regulation of response to type II interferon
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a response to type II interferon (interferon-gamma). Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.
positive regulation of response to gamma-interferon
positive regulation of response to immune interferon
positive regulation of response to interferon-gamma
positive regulation of response to type II IFN
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interferon-gamma binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.
gamma-interferon-mediated signaling pathway
interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway
interferon-gamma-mediated signalling pathway
regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of gamma-interferon-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of immune interferon signaling pathway
regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signalling pathway
regulation of type II IFN-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of gamma-interferon-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of immune interferon-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of type II IFN-mediated pathway
negative regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway.
negative regulation of gamma-interferon-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of immune interferon-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of type II IFN-mediated signaling pathway
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by type I interferon binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
type I interferon-activated signaling pathway
regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of type I interferon-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway.
negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signalling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.
The membrane surrounding the inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor. The photoreceptor inner segment contains mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.
The process of creating a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.
The process of creating a trabecula in the liver. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.
The process of creating a trabecula in the spleen. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.
The process of creating a trabecula in the bone. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.
The process of creating a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components.
The process in which bones are generated and organized.
The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone.
cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones.
The appearance of a cell adhesion molecule due to biosynthesis or secretion.
regulation of cell adhesion molecule production
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.
negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.
positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium stimulus.
negative regulation of leucine import in response to ammonium ion
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import as a result of an ammonium ion stimulus. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.
negative regulation of leucine uptake in response to ammonium ion
Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement.
Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air that is part of the organism's response to external or internal stimuli resulting in flight.
The process in which any suture between cranial bones is generated and organized.
The process in which the frontal suture is generated and organized.
The process in which the coronal suture is generated and organized.
The process in which the lambdoid suture is generated and organized.
The process in which the sagittal suture is generated and organized.
regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway..
regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signalling pathway
positive regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway.
positive regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signalling pathway
susceptibility to T cell mediated cytotoxicity
The process of causing a cell to become susceptible to T cell mediated cytotoxicity.
regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization
Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in an atrial cardiomyocyte.
regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell depolarization
regulation of atrial cardiomyocyte membrane depolarization
regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization
Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in an atrial cardiomyocyte.
regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell repolarization
regulation of atrial cardiomyocyte membrane repolarization
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization
Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte.
regulation of ventricular cardiomyocyte membrane depolarization
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.
positive regulation of mast cell differentiation
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.
negative regulation of mast cell differentiation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.
Any process that modulates brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.
cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac myoblast. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life.
myocardial precursor cell differentiation
regulation of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding to single-stranded telomeric DNA.
positive regulation of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding.
positive regulation of telomeric ssDNA binding
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of DNA strand elongation. DNA strand elongation is the DNA metabolic process in which an existing DNA strand is extended by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand.
positive regulation of DNA strand elongation
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of DNA strand elongation. DNA strand elongation is the DNA metabolic process in which an existing DNA strand is extended by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand.
The process in which a nerve invades a tissue and makes functional synaptic connection within the tissue.
The neurite development process that generates a long process of a neuron, as it invades a target tissue.
synapse assembly involved in innervation
The assembly of a synapse within a target tissue in which a nerve is invading.
synapse biogenesis involved in innervation
A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the egg. The fertilization envelope forms from the vitelline membrane after fertilization as a result of cortical granule release.
A glycoprotein-based structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the egg before fertilization.
pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a pathway restricted SMAD protein. A pathway restricted SMAD protein is an effector protein that acts directly downstream of the transforming growth factor family receptor.
pathway restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
receptor regulated SMAD protein phosphorylation
receptor-regulated SMAD protein phosphorylation
regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
regulation of SMAD protein nuclear translocation
positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
positive regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus
positive regulation of SMAD protein nuclear translocation
negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the SMAD protein signaling pathway. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
negative regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus
negative regulation of SMAD protein nuclear translocation
regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
negative regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
An intracellular signal transduction process that starts with the activation of a SMAD protein, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell, for e. g. transcription. SMAD proteins are activated by protein serine/threonine kinase cell surface receptors.
growth hormone receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
growth hormone receptor signalling pathway
growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT
The process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) are activated by members of the JAK (janus activated kinase) family of tyrosine kinases, following the binding of physiological ligands to the growth hormone receptor. Once activated, STATs dimerize and translocate to the nucleus and modulate the expression of target genes.
JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signalling pathway
regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
regulation of growth hormone receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
negative regulation of growth hormone receptor signalling pathway
The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol.
The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an axonemal microtubule. An axonemal microtubule is a microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.
regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.
positive regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.
negative regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.
The process in which the anatomical structure of a cardiac septum is generated and organized. A cardiac septum is a partition that separates parts of the heart.
The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another.
The developmental process in which atrial septum is generated and organized. The atrial septum separates the upper chambers (the atria) of the heart from one another.
aorta smooth muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process in which the structure of the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the aorta is generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.
The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle tissue are generated and organized. Muscle tissue consists of a set of cells that are part of an organ and carry out a contractive function.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone stimulus. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that binds to the growth hormone receptor and stimulates growth.
The cytoplasmic part that serves as a nutrient reserve or energy source for the developing embryo.
Discrete structures that partition the water-soluble portion of the yolk of oocytes and ova, which may or may not be membrane enclosed.
The increase in size or mass of the heart.
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.
Any process that increases the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peptidyl-dipeptidase. Peptidyl-dipeptidase activity catalyzes the release of C-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain.
The pattern specification process that results in the spatial subdivision of an axis or axes along the foregut to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place.
The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the foregut into the area in which the lung will develop.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the lung are generated and organized.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lung vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung connective tissue from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung connective tissue and ends with the mature structure. The lung connective tissue is a material made up of fibers forming a framework and support structure for the lungs.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lung epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the inside of the lung.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung saccule from an initial condition to its mature state. The lung saccule is the primitive gas exchange portion of the lung composed of type I and type II cells.
The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the lung forms the initial left and right buds.
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the lung, to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchus from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchus and ends with the mature structure. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.
The process in which the bronchus is generated and organized. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchiole from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchiole and ends with the mature structure. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi.
The process in which a bronchiole is generated and organized. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi.
The increase in size or mass of a lung. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trachea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.
The process in which a trachea is generated and organized. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.
The process pertaining to the initial formation of a trachea from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the trachea is recognizable. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.
epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis
The process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched epithelial tubes of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.
branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis
The process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.
The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland are generated and organized. Morphogenesis refers to the creation of shape. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis
The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis
The process in which the branching structure of the salivary gland is generated and organized.
branching involved in open tracheal system development
The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in the open tracheal system are generated and organized.
bud outgrowth involved in lung branching
The process in which a region of the lung epithelium initiates an outgrowth.
bud formation involved in lung branching
dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching
The process in which a lung bud bifurcates.
bud bifurcation involved in lung branching
bud elongation involved in lung branching
The process in which a bud in the lung grows out from the point where it is formed.
positive regulation of hindgut contraction
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.
negative regulation of hindgut contraction
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.
positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.
Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.
positive regulation of gastric acid secretion
Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.
negative regulation of gastric acid secretion
Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.
positive regulation of digestive system process
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
negative regulation of digestive system process
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a right lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the right lung and ends with the mature structure. The right lung is the lung which is on the right side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a left lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the left lung and ends with the mature structure. The left lung is the lung which is on the left side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect.
The process in which anatomical structures of the left lung are generated and organized.
The process in which anatomical structures of the right lung are generated and organized.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung lobe from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of a lung lobe by branching morphogenesis and ends with the mature structure. A lung lobe is one of the rounded projections that compose the lung.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a lung lobe are generated and organized. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a lung lobe from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the lobe and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pharynx from an initial condition to its mature state. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth.
activation of meiosis involved in egg activation
Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis in an egg after the egg has been fertilized or physiologically activated. Eggs generally arrest in meiosis and complete the process after activation.
reactivation of meiosis after fertilization
resumption of meiosis involved in egg activation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).
The negative regulation of fertilization process that takes place as part of egg activation, ensuring that only a single sperm fertilizes the egg.
negative regulation of fertilization involved in egg activation
obsolete positive regulation of transcription involved in egg activation
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of transcription as a part of the process of egg activation.
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in egg activation
The process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol after fertilization or the physiological activation of an egg.
elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in egg activation
The process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules contained within a cortical granule by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. A cortical granule is a specialized secretory vesicle that is released during egg activation that changes the surface of the egg to prevent polyspermy.
positive regulation of cortical granule exocytosis by positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cortical granule exocytosis by directing movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol.
positive regulation of cortical granule exocytosis by elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
A secretory vesicle that is stored under the cell membrane of an egg. These vesicles fuse with the egg plasma membrane as part of egg activation and are part of the block to polyspermy.
positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility involved in capacitation
The process in which the controlled movement of a flagellated sperm cell is initiated as part of the process required for flagellated sperm to reach fertilization competence.
positive regulation of sperm motility involved in capacitation
obsolete positive regulation of actin filament polymerization involved in acrosome reaction
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization as part of the acrosome reaction.
protein localization involved in acrosome reaction
The actin-based process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the sperm as part of the acrosome reaction.
protein localisation involved in acrosome reaction
obsolete peptidyl-serine phosphorylation involved in acrosome reaction
OBSOLETE. The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine that is part of the acrosome reaction.
The calcium ion regulated exocytosis which results in fusion of the acrosomal vesicle with the plasma membrane of the sperm as part of the acrosome reaction.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung goblet cell. A goblet cell is a cell of the epithelial lining that produces and secretes mucins.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus epithelium is the tissue made up of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the lobar bronchus.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus is the major airway within the respiratory tree that starts by division of the principal bronchi on both sides and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus mesenchyme is the mass of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells in the lobar bronchus.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung-associated mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung-associated mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Lung-associated mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the lung.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesenchymal tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a club cell. A club cell is an unciliated epithelial cell found in the respiratory and terminal bronchioles.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell that contributes to the epithelium of the lung.
pulmonary epithelial cell differentiation
orthogonal dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching morphogenesis
The process in which a lung bud bifurcates perpendicular to the plane of the previous bud.
perpendicular dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching morphogenesis
planar dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching morphogenesis
The process in which a lung bud bifurcates parallel to the plane of the previous bud.
lateral sprouting involved in lung morphogenesis
The process in which a branch forms along the side of the lung epithelial tube.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell projection assembly.
The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes the cells of the foregut to change their fates and specify the development of the lung.
mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling involved in lung induction
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an endodermal cell in the foregut and contributes to the formation of the lung bud.
mesenchymal-endodermal cell signalling involved in lung induction
inductive mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an endodermal cell changing the fate of the endodermal cell.
inductive mesenchymal-endodermal cell signalling
cell-cell signaling involved in lung development
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the lung, from its initial state to the mature structure.
cell-cell signalling involved in lung development
mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling involved in lung development
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell and contributes to the development of the lung.
mesenchymal-epithelial cell signalling involved in lung development
Any process that mediates the transfer of information between a mesenchymal cell and an endodermal cell.
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in lung bud formation
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands contributing to the formation of the primary lung bud.
retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway involved in lung bud formation
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in lung induction
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands resulting in the formation of the lung bud along the lateral-esophageal sulcus.
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in lung induction
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in lung bud formation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the branching morphogenesis by which the initial primordium of the lung is formed.
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape.
epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis
The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the lung.
The process in which a bud in the lung increases radially.
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung bud dilation
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung bud increasing in size radially.
epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung bud dilation
The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells that contribute to the radial growth of a lung bud.
smoothened signaling pathway involved in lung development
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane Smoothened-type protein. This process contributes to lung development.
hedgehog signaling pathway involved in lung development
hh signaling pathway involved in lung development
smoothened signalling pathway involved in lung development
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in lung development
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. This process contributes to lung development.
epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in lung development
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature basal cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. A basal cell is an epithelial stem cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a type I pneumocyte. A type I pneumocyte is a flattened cell with greatly attenuated cytoplasm and a paucity of organelles.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a type II pneumocyte. A type II pneumocyte is a surfactant secreting cell that contains abundant cytoplasm containing numerous lipid-rich multilamellar bodies.
obsolete creation of an inductive signal by a mesenchymal cell involved in lung induction
OBSOLETE. The process in which splanchnic mesenchymal cells send a signal over a short range to endodermal cells inducing them to form the primary lung bud.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a prostate gland are generated and organized.
The morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth.
The close range interaction of the urogenital sinus mesenchyme and the urogenital sinus epithelium that causes the cells of the urogenital sinus epithelium to change their fates and specify the development of the prostate gland.
The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the urogenital sinus epithelium into the area in which the prostate gland will develop.
The increase in size of the prostatic bud as it forms.
prostate bud elongation involved in prostate morphogenesis
epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostatic bud elongation
The multiplication of epithelial cells, contributing to the expansion of the primary prostatic bud.
cell migration involved in prostatic bud elongation
The orderly movement of epithelial cells from one site to another contributing to the elongation of the primary prostatic bud.
cell adhesion involved in prostatic bud elongation
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the elongation of the primary prostatic bud.
activation of prostate induction by androgen receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by androgen binding to its receptor in the urogenital sinus mesenchyme that initiates prostate induction. Prostate induction is the close range interaction of the urogenital sinus mesenchyme and the urogenital sinus epithelium that causes the cells of the urogenital sinus epithelium to change their fates and specify the development of the prostate gland.
activation of prostate induction by androgen receptor signalling pathway
mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate induction
Signaling at short range from urogenital sinus mesenchymal cells to cells of the urogenital epithelium resulting in the epithelial cells adopting a prostatic fate.
mesenchymal-epithelial cell signalling involved in prostate induction
inductive mesenchymal to epithelial cell signaling
Signaling at short range from mesenchymal cells to cells of an epithelium that results in a developmental change in the epithelial cells.
inductive mesenchymal to epithelial cell signalling
The developmental growth process in which solid chords of prostate epithelium increase in length.
dichotomous subdivision of prostate epithelial cord terminal unit
The process in which a prostate epithelial cord bifurcates at its end.
The progression of a glandular acinus of the prostate gland over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The glandular acini are the saclike structures of the gland.
The process in which the prostate glandular acini are generated and organized. The glandular acini are the saclike structures of the gland.
prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis
The branching morphogenesis process in which the prostate epithelial cords branch freely to create the structure of the prostate acini.
secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell of the prostate.
squamous basal epithelial stem cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a squamous basal epithelial stem cell of the prostate.
smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell of the prostate glandular acinus.
neuroendocrine cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquires specialized structural and functions of a neuroendocrine cell of the prostate gland acinus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
The process in which the bronchus cartilage is generated and organized. The bronchus cartilage is the connective tissue of the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tracheal cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage in the trachea are generated and organized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage are generated and organized.
The progression of muscle tissue over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers.
The progression of a skeletal muscle organ over time from its initial formation to its mature state. A skeletal muscle organ includes the skeletal muscle tissue and its associated connective tissue.
The progression of the diaphragm over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the diaphragm are generated and organized.
The progression of the respiratory system over time from its formation to its mature structure. The respiratory system carries out respiratory gaseous exchange.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of strand invasion. Strand invasion is the process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of strand invasion. Strand invasion is the process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.
negative regulation of D-loop biosynthesis
negative regulation of Rad51-mediated strand invasion
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.
positive regulation of necroptotic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.
negative regulation of necroptotic process
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.
negative regulation of necrotic cell death
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents.
Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate.
positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate.
regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism is the chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism is the chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of a vitamin D biosynthetic process. Vitamin D biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a vitamin D biosynthetic process. Vitamin D biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.
positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.
developmental growth involved in morphogenesis
The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape.
apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
The process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.
obsolete inhibition of APC-Cdc20 complex activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that prevents the activation of APC-Cdc20 complex activity regulating the mitotic cell cycle.
positive regulation of termination of DNA-templated transcription
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of DNA-templated transcription termination, the process in which transcription is completed; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA.
positive regulation of DNA-dependent transcription, termination
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, termination
positive regulation of termination of DNA-dependent transcription
positive regulation of transcription termination, DNA-dependent
negative regulation of termination of DNA-templated transcription
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of DNA-dependent transcription termination, the process in which transcription is completed; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA.
negative regulation of DNA-dependent transcription, termination
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription, termination
negative regulation of termination of DNA-dependent transcription
negative regulation of transcription termination, DNA-dependent
regulation of peptide hormone processing
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of peptide hormone processing. Peptide hormone processing is the generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.
positive regulation of peptide hormone processing
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of peptide hormone processing. Peptide hormone processing is the generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.
negative regulation of peptide hormone processing
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of peptide hormone processing. Peptide hormone processing is the generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.
The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis.
The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from an epithelial sheet. A bud is a protrusion that forms form the sheet by localized folding.
cell fate specification involved in pattern specification
The process involved in the specification of the identity of a cell in a field of cells that is being instructed as to how to differentiate. Once specification has taken place, that cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine mature as they migrate from the intestinal crypt to the villus.
intestinal epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the pulmonary venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart.
pulmonary venous blood vessel morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structure of superior vena cava generated and organized. The superior vena cava is a blood vessel that transports blood from the upper body to the heart.
ventral spinal cord interneuron fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a ventral spinal cord interneuron. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses.
ventral spinal cord interneuron fate determination
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses.
cell fate commitment involved in pattern specification
The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells within a field of cells that will exhibit a certain pattern of differentiation. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a developmental field resulting in specification of a cell type. Those signals are then interpreted in a cell-autonomous manner resulting in the determination of the cell type.
cell fate determination involved in pattern specification
A process involved in commitment of a cell to a fate in a developmental field. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.
regulation of actin cortical patch localization
Any process that modulates the localization of an actin cortical patch. An actin cortical patch is a discrete actin-containing structure found just beneath the plasma membrane in fungal cells.
regulation of actin cortical patch localisation
regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.
regulation of fatty acid cyclooxygenase activity
regulation of prostaglandin synthetase activity
positive regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.
positive regulation of (PG)H synthase activity
positive regulation of fatty acid cyclooxygenase activity
positive regulation of PG synthetase activity
positive regulation of prostaglandin synthetase activity
multicellular organismal-level iron ion homeostasis
A chemical homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of iron within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell.
multicellular organismal iron ion homeostasis
regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipoprotein lipid oxidation. Lipoprotein lipid oxidation is the modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of the lipid group.
negative regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of lipoprotein lipid oxidation. Lipoprotein lipid oxidation is the modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of the lipid group.
nucleoside-triphosphatase regulator activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of an NTPase.
Binds to and modulates the activity of an ATP hydrolysis activity.
The process in which a mesenchymal cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondroblast. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a chondroblast fate. A chondroblast is a precursor cell to chondrocytes.
chondrocyte progenitor cell differentiation
The process pertaining to the initial formation of the mammary gland from unspecified parts. The process begins with formation of the mammary line and ends when the solid mammary bud invades the primary mammary mesenchyme.
Wnt signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of a cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.
Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification
Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification
Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mammary gland specification
The regionalization process in which the mammary line is specified. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a fibroblast growth factor to its receptor on the surface of al cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in mammary gland specification
The developmental process in which the mammary placode forms. The mammary placode is a transient lens shaped structure that will give rise to the mammary bud proper.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in mammary gland formation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the formation of the mammary line, placode or bud.
dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis
The process in which the terminal end of a mammary duct bifurcates.
lateral sprouting involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis
The process in which a branch forms along the side of a mammary duct.
dichotomous subdivision of an epithelial terminal unit
The process in which an epithelial cord, rod or tube bifurcates at its end.
The process in which a branch forms along the side of an epithelium.
The growth process in which a branch increases in length from its base to its tip.
The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary ducts are generated and organized. Mammary ducts are epithelial tubes that transport milk.
Creation of the central hole of the mammary gland duct by the hollowing out of a solid rod.
The formation of a lumen by hollowing out a solid rod or cord.
Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold.
cell-cell adhesion involved in sealing an epithelial fold
The attachment of one cell to another cell along the edges of two epithelial folds, giving rise to the lumen of an epithelial tube.
cell-cell adhesion involved in neural tube closure
The attachment of one cell to another cell along the edges of two epithelial folds, giving rise to the lumen of the neural tube.
apoptotic process involved in tube lumen cavitation
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the hollowing out of an epithelial rod or cord to form the central hole in a tube.
apoptosis involved in tube lumen cavitation
mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in mammary gland development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mammary gland mesenchymal cell. Mammary gland mesenchymal cells form a loosely connected network of cells that surround the mammary ducts.
mammary gland mesenchymal cell differentiation
The progression of the mammary gland fat over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary fat is an adipose structure in the gland that is invaded by the mammary ducts.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adipose tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adipose tissue is specialized tissue that is used to store fat.
The progression of a fat pad from its initial formation to its mature structure. A fat pad is an accumulation of adipose tissue.
negative regulation of mammary gland development in males by androgen receptor signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the rate or extent of mammary gland development in the male by an androgen binding to its receptor, causing a change in state or activity of a cell.
negative regulation of mammary gland development in males by androgen receptor signalling pathway
The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from the mammary placode. A mammary bud is bulb of epithelial cells that is distinct from the surrounding epidermis.
The process in which the mammary gland cord forms by elongation of the mammary bud. The cord is formed once the elongating bud breaks through the mesenchyme and reaches the fat pad.
positive regulation of mammary placode formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling
Any process that initiates the formation of a mammary placode through a mechanism that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell resulting in the epithelial cell adopting the identity of a cell of the mammary placode.
positive regulation of mammary placode formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signalling
The progression of the nipple over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nipple is a part of the mammary gland that protrudes from the surface ectoderm.
cell migration involved in mammary placode formation
The orderly movement of epithelial cells within the mammary line that contributes to the formation of the mammary placode.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cholesterol import. Cholesterol import is the directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle.
negative regulation of cholesterol import
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cholesterol import. Cholesterol import is the directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle.
regulation of ascospore wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of ascospore wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of chromosome condensation, the progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells.
regulation of ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D--glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
regulation of ascospore wall 1,3-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
regulation of ascospore wall 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein deneddylation, the removal of a ubiquitin-like protein of the NEDD8 type from a protein.
regulation of vesicle-mediated transport
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell.
regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.
regulation of homologous chromosome segregation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of homologous chromosome segregation, the cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
obsolete regulation of M/G1 transition of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of M/G1 transition of the mitotic cell cycle, the progression from M phase to G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of meiosis I, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells.
regulation of microtubule-based movement
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins.
negative regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
negative regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
regulation of 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pyruvylated galactose residue 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-(1->3)-. The galactose residue is part of a larger polysaccharide chain.
positive regulation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.
positive regulation of 1,3-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
negative regulation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.
negative regulation of 1,3-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
positive regulation of lactation by mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling
The process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of lactation as a result of the secretion of a signal from the mammary fat and its reception by a mammary epithelial cell.
positive regulation of lactation by mesenchymal-epithelial cell signalling
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted.
positive regulation of salivary gland formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling
Any process that induces the formation of the salivary gland field by means of the secretion of a signal by a mesenchymal cell and its reception and interpretation by an epithelial cell resulting in it adopting the identity of a salivary gland bud cell.
positive regulation of salivary gland formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signalling
positive regulation of dentin-containing tooth bud formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling
Any process that initiates the formation of a tooth bud by the secretion of a signal from a mesenchymal cell and its reception and subsequent change in the identity of an epithelial cell of the tooth bud.
positive regulation of dentine-containing tooth bud formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling
positive regulation of dentine-containing tooth bud formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signalling
The process in which the epithelium of the mammary duct is destroyed in males.
white fat cell differentiation involved in mammary gland fat development
The process in which a preadipocyte acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte of the mammary gland. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.
epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland bud morphogenesis
The process in which a cell of the mammary placode becomes a cell of the mammary gland bud.
mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland.
peripheral mammary gland bud epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell of the mammary placode becomes an epithelial cell at the periphery of the mammary gland bud. Cells at the periphery of the bud are larger that those of the surrounding epithelium and are arranged concentrically.
internal mammary gland bud epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell of the mammary placode becomes an internal epithelial cell of the mammary gland bud. Internal cells are small and of irregular shape.
mesenchymal cell condensation involved in mammary fat development
The cell adhesion process in which mammary mesenchyme cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of mammary fat development.
The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland buds are generated and organized. Mammary gland buds form by an outpocketing of the mammary placodes and grow to invade the mammary fat, when they form the mammary cord.
The process in which the mammary gland bud grows along its axis.
epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland bud elongation
The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland bud epithelial cells, resulting in the elongation of the bud.
regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland bud elongation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland bud epithelial cell proliferation that results in the elongation of the bud.
The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland cord are generated and organized. Mammary gland cords form when the mammary gland bud invades the mammary fat.
epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland cord morphogenesis
The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland cord. Epithelial cells of the mammary cord give it its funnel-like shape and some are cornified.
epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland sprout morphogenesis
The process in which the mammary gland sprout grows along its axis.
branching involved in mammary gland cord morphogenesis
The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland cord is generated and organized. The mammary gland cord is a solid epithelial structure that will hollow out, forming the mammary duct.
regulation of branching involved in mammary cord morphogenesis by fat precursor cell-epithelial cell signaling
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching of the mammary gland cord as a result of a signal being created by a mammary fat precursor cell and its subsequent reception and interpretation by a mammary cord epithelial cell.
regulation of branching involved in mammary cord morphogenesis by fat precursor cell-epithelial cell signalling
regulation of mammary gland cord elongation by mammary fat precursor cell-epithelial cell signaling
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of mammary gland cord elongation as a result of a signal being created by a mesenchymal cell that is a precursor to the mammary fat and its subsequent reception and interpretation by an mammary cord epithelial cell.
regulation of mammary gland cord elongation by mammary fat precursor cell-epithelial cell signalling
The process in which the nipple is generated and organized.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the nipple sheath from the unspecified epidermis. This process begins with a circular ingrowth of the epidermis around the region of the mammary sprout. It ends before the region begins to elevate.
epidermis morphogenesis involved in nipple formation
The process in which the epidermis of the nipple sheath is uplifted to form an umbrella-like projection.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a submandibular salivary gland. This process begins with a thickening of the epithelium next to the tongue and ends when a bud linked to the oral surface is formed.
The process in which the solid core of salivary epithelium gives rise to the hollow tube of the gland.
apoptotic process involved in salivary gland cavitation
Any apoptotic process in which the solid core of the gland is hollowed out to form the duct.
apoptosis involved in salivary gland cavitation
epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis
The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells of the submandibular salivary gland, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and the shaping of the gland.
regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis as a result of signals being generated by the mesenchyme and received and interpreted by the salivary gland epithelium.
regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by mesenchymal-epithelial signalling
dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in salivary gland branching
The process in which a salivary epithelial cord bifurcates at its end.
branch elongation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis
The differential growth of the salivary branches along their axis, resulting in the growth of a branch.
regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by extracellular matrix-epithelial cell signaling
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of salivary gland branching as a result of the transfer of information from the extracellular matrix to the epithelium of the salivary gland.
regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by extracellular matrix-epithelial cell signalling
The process in which the embryonic placenta is generated and organized.
branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis
The process in which the branches of the fetal placental villi are generated and organized. The villous part of the placenta is called the labyrinth layer.
epithelial cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development
The process in which a trophoblast cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell of the placental labyrinthine layer.
epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in placental branching
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a trophoblast cell elongates to contribute to the branching of the placenta.
cell-cell signaling involved in placenta development
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another.
cell-cell signalling involved in placenta development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the ureteric bud is generated and organized.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct. This process begins when the bud protrudes from the duct and ends when it is a recognizable bud.
The developmental growth in which the ureteric bud grows along its axis beginning with the growth of the primary ureteric bud and ending when the branches of the bud have elongated.
dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in ureteric bud branching
The process in which a ureteric bud bifurcates at its end.
bifid subdivision of terminal units involved in ureteric bud branching
trifid subdivision of terminal units involved in ureteric bud branching
The process in which a ureteric bud splits into three units at its end.
lateral sprouting involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
The process in which a branch forms along the side of a ureteric bud.
branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching
The growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.
The process in which the primary ureteric bud grows along its axis dorsally toward the metanephric blastema.
regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by epithelial-mesenchymal signaling
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of salivary gland branching as a result of the transfer of information from the epithelial cells to the mesenchymal cells of the salivary gland.
regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by epithelial-mesenchymal signalling
Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of prostatic bud formation, the morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth.
negative regulation of prostatic bud formation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of prostatic bud formation, the morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth.
regulation of branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of prostate gland branching, the process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.
regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized.
cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the salivary gland.
epithelial cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an epithelial cell of the salivary gland.
epithelial cell maturation involved in salivary gland development
The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell of the salivary gland to attain its fully functional state.
mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the salivary gland. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.
regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis in the salivary gland epithelium.
regulation of cholesterol transporter activity
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol transporter activity.
negative regulation of cholesterol transporter activity
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol transporter activity.
regulation of phospholipid catabolic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of phospholipid catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
positive regulation of phospholipid catabolic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of phospholipid catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of endoribonuclease.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ribonuclease activity, catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA.
negative regulation of ribonuclease activity
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of ribonuclease activity, catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA.
negative regulation of endoribonuclease activity
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of deoxyribonuclease.
acinar cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize an acinar cell of the salivary gland. Acinar cells are protein-secreting cells in the gland.
neuron differentiation involved in salivary gland development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the neurons of the salivary gland.
cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of the embryonic placenta.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a trophoblast giant cell of the placenta. Trophoblast giant cells are the cell of the placenta that line the maternal decidua.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of the ectoplacental cone acquires specialized features of a spongiotrophoblast of the placenta. A spongiotrophoblast cell is a basophilic cell.
glycogen cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glycogen cell of the placenta. A glycogen cell is a vacuolated glycogen-rich cell that appears in compact cell islets of the spongiotrophoblast layer.
The cell-cell adhesion process in which the cells of the chorion fuse to the cells of the allantois.
The process in which the labyrinthine layer of the placenta progresses, from its formation to its mature state.
The process in which the spongiotrophoblast layer of the placenta progresses from its formation to its mature state.
The process in which the labyrinthine layer of the placenta is generated and organized.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta.
syncytiotrophoblast cell differentiation involved in labyrinthine layer development
The process in which a chorionic trophoblast cell acquires specialized features of a syncytiotrophoblast of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta.
labyrinthine layer blood vessel development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The embryonic vessels grow through the layer to come in close contact with the maternal blood supply.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chorion from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The chorion is an extraembryonic membrane.
chorionic trophoblast cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells of the ectoplacental cone acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize chorionic trophoblasts. These cells will migrate towards the spongiotrophoblast layer and give rise to syncytiotrophoblasts of the labyrinthine layer.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the chorionic trophoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
The multiplication or reproduction of spongiotrophoblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the spongiotrophoblast layer.
regulation of spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation.
cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the embryonic placenta.
regulation of cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development.
coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Combining with an extracellular messenger, and in cooperation with a primary EGF receptor, initiating a change in cell activity through the EGF receptor signaling pathway.
coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of coreceptor activity, combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger, and in cooperation with a nearby primary receptor, initiating a change in cell activity.
regulation of coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway
regulation of Neu/ErbB-2 receptor activity
positive regulation of coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
positive regulation of coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of Neu/ErbB-2 receptor activity
negative regulation of coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of Neu/ErbB-2 receptor activity
intestinal epithelial structure maintenance
A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.
epithelial structure maintenance of intestine
regulation of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance, a tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.
positive regulation of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance
Any process the increases the rate, frequency or extent of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance, a tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.
positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2 alpha phosphorylation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation as a cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.
regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation by endoplasmic reticulum stress
regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation by ER stress
regulation of ER stress-induced eIF2 alpha phosphorylation
regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation by dsRNA
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation as a cellular response to double-stranded RNA.
regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation by double-stranded RNA
regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation by PKR
The increase in size or mass of the prostate gland where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the gland, from its formation to its mature state.
The differential increase in size or mass of the prostate gland that contributes to the gland attaining its form.
prostate gland growth involved in morphogenesis
epithelial-mesenchymal signaling involved in prostate gland development
Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted and contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.
epithelial-mesenchymal signalling involved in prostate gland development
mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate gland development
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted contributing to the progression of the prostate gland over time.
mesenchymal-epithelial cell signalling involved in prostate gland development
The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia of the prostate gland are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.
The process in which the prostate gland stroma is generated and organized. The prostate gland stroma is made up of the mesenchymal or fibroblast cells of the prostate gland.
epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell of the prostate gland.
epithelial cell maturation involved in prostate gland development
The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell of the prostate gland to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
prostate gland epithelial cell development
mammary gland branching involved in thelarche
The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized during the period of sexual maturity in mammals. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
mammary gland branching involved in puberty
mammary gland branching involved in pregnancy
The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized as a part of pregnancy.
A reproductive behavior in which a parent cares for and rears offspring.
A parental behavior in which fertilized eggs are taken into the mouth and held until hatching.
tertiary branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis
The branching process in which the mammary gland ducts form tertiary branches off of the secondary branches as part of diestrus and pregnancy.
The progression of the mammary gland alveolus over time, from its formation to its mature state. The mammary gland alveolus is a sac-like structure that is found in the mature gland.
epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland duct elongation
The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland branch epithelial cells, resulting in the elongation of the branch. The mammary gland branch differs from the bud in that it is not the initial curved portion of the outgrowth.
branch elongation involved in mammary gland duct branching
The developmental growth process in which a branch of a mammary gland duct elongates.
Any process in which phytosterols are taken up from the contents of the intestine.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.
positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.
negative regulation of mast cell chemotaxis
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.
Behavior by which an organism locates food.
Behavior by which an adult locates food.
Foraging behavior in which an anatomical part of the organism is inserted into the substrate to locate food.
regulation of response to cytokine stimulus
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.
positive regulation of response to cytokine stimulus
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.
negative regulation of response to cytokine stimulus
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.
regulation of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis.
The morphogenetic growth of the large, club-shaped terminal end of a mammary gland duct during prepubertal growth and during puberty.
cell-cell signaling involved in mammary gland development
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the mammary gland, from its initial state to the mature structure.
cell-cell signalling involved in mammary gland development
regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of androgen receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of androgen receptor signalling pathway
epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development
The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.
regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.
negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.
The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of plant organs (leaves or leaf-like structures) or flower primordia around a central axis.
The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of leaf primordia around the center of a shoot apical meristem.
The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of floral organ primordia around a central axis in a flower primordium.
auxin mediated signaling pathway involved in phyllotactic patterning
The series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin that contributes to the radial pattern formation process resulting in the formation of leaf or flower primordia around the center of a shoot apical meristem.
auxin mediated signalling pathway involved in phyllotactic patterning
planar cell polarity pathway involved in gastrula mediolateral intercalation
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) contributing to the interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.
The leaf morphogenesis process which results in the shaping of a simple leaf. A simple leaf is a leaf in which the lamina is undivided.
The leaf morphogenesis process that results in the shaping of a compound leaf. A compound leaf is a leaf having two or more distinct leaflets that are evident as such from early in development.
The process in which the primary leaflet attains its shape. A primary leaflet is a leaflet that develops directly from the rachis.
The process in which the secondary leaflet attains its shape. A secondary leaflet develops by branching or division of a primary leaflet.
The process in which the intercalary leaflet attains its shape. An intercalary leaflet is a leaflet that develops between primary leaflets.
mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development
The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.
regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
mesenchymal smoothened signaling pathway involved in prostate gland development
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane Smoothened-type protein in the mesenchymal cells of the prostate that contribute to the progression of the prostate over time. This process contributes to lung development.
mesenchymal hedgehog signaling pathway involved in prostate gland development
mesenchymal hh signaling pathway involved in prostate gland development
mesenchymal smoothened signalling pathway involved in prostate gland development
regulation of cell proliferation involved in tissue homeostasis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation resulting in the maintenance of a steady-state number of cells within a tissue.
regulation of apoptosis involved in tissue homeostasis
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptosis that results in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a tissue.
regulation of cell differentiation involved in tissue homeostasis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the maintenance of a steady state of a cell type within a tissue.
positive regulation of posterior neural plate formation by fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that increases the rate or extent of the formation of the posterior neural plate, the posterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.
positive regulation of posterior neural plate formation by FGF receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of posterior neural plate formation by fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway
The developmental process in which an ectodermal placode forms. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.
The developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.
The developmental process in which the tooth placode forms. A tooth placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the tooth bud.
The developmental process in which a sebaceous gland placode forms. A sebaceous gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sebaceous gland bud.
The progression of the sweat gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Sweat glands secrete an aqueous solution that is used in thermoregulation.
The developmental process in which the sweat gland placode forms. An sweat gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sweat gland bud.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the leaflet are generated and organized.
cell fate commitment involved in formation of primary germ layer
The commitment of cells to specific cell fates of the endoderm, ectoderm, or mesoderm as a part of gastrulation.
obsolete regulation of transcription involved in primary germ layer cell fate commitment
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results in cells adopting an endoderm, ectoderm or mesoderm cell fate.
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in primary germ layer cell fate commitment
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to an unspecified cell adopting a mesoderm fate.
transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway involved in primary germ layer cell fate commitment
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in mesodermal cell fate specification
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transforming growth factor beta receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands and ultimately resulting in the specification of a mesodermal fate.
transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway involved in mesodermal cell fate specification
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in endodermal cell fate specification
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transforming growth factor beta receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands and ultimately resulting in the commitment of an unspecified fate to adopt an endoderm fate.
transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway involved in endodermal cell fate specification
regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the progression of the placenta over time, from its initial condition to its mature state.
obsolete negative regulation of trophoblast cell differentiation by transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway
OBSOLETE. The transforming growth factor signaling process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of trophoblast stem cells differentiating into the more mature cells of the trophoblast.
epiblast cell-extraembryonic ectoderm cell signaling involved in anterior/posterior axis specification
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an epiblast cell to an extraembryonic ectoderm cell that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
epiblast cell-extraembryonic ectoderm cell signalling involved in anterior/posterior axis specification
BMP signaling pathway involved in mesodermal cell fate specification
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to a cell becoming specified to adopt a mesodermal fate.
BMP signalling pathway involved in mesodermal cell fate specification
positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by BMP signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor that results in an increase in the rate, frequency or extent of a Wnt signaling pathway.
positive regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway by BMP signaling pathway
positive regulation of WNT receptor signaling pathway by BMP signaling pathway
positive regulation of WNT receptor signalling pathway by BMP signalling pathway
obsolete negative regulation of trophoblast cell differentiation by transcription regulation from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter ultimately resulting in a decrease in trophoblast stem cells differentiating into the more mature cells of the trophoblast.
negative regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the progression of the placenta over time, from its initial condition to its mature state.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in definitive endodermal cell fate specification
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that ultimately results in a cell being specified to adopt a definitive endodermal cell fate.
positive regulation of mesodermal to mesenchymal transition involved in gastrulation
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where a mesodermal cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell as part of the process of gastrulation.
mesodermal to mesenchymal transition involved in gastrulation
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition process in which a mesodermal cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell as part of the process of gastrulation.
intracellular mRNA localization involved in pattern specification process
Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within an oocyte that results in a pattern being established in the embryo.
intracellular mRNA localisation involved in pattern specification process
intracellular mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification
Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
intracellular mRNA localisation involved in anterior/posterior axis specification
Any process in which orthodenticle mRNA is transported to and maintained in the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo as part of the process that will specify the anterior/posterior axis.
anterior mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification
Any process in which a mRNA is transported to, and maintained in the anterior portion of the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo contributing to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
anterior mRNA localisation involved in anterior/posterior axis specification
posterior mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification
Any process in which a mRNA is transported to and maintained in the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo contributing to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
posterior mRNA localisation involved in anterior/posterior axis specification
regulation of translation involved in anterior/posterior axis specification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation of mRNAs that contribute to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on either the paternal or maternal X-chromosome in the XX sex.
Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes specifically on the paternal X-chromosome in the XX sex.
inactivation of paternal X chromosome by genomic imprinting
Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on the paternal X-chromosome in the XX sex by genomic imprinting.
inactivation of paternal X chromosome by genetic imprinting
inactivation of X chromosome by genomic imprinting
Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on one of the X-chromosomes in the XX sex by genomic imprinting.
inactivation of X chromosome by genetic imprinting
inactivation of X chromosome by heterochromatin formation
Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome: autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on one of the X-chromosomes in the XX sex by the mechanism of heterochromatin formation.
inactivation of X chromosome by heterochromatin assembly
obsolete inactivation of X chromosome by DNA methylation
OBSOLETE. Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on one of the X-chromosomes in the XX sex by a mechanism of DNA methylation.
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in axial mesodermal cell fate specification
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transforming growth factor beta receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands and ultimately resulting in the specification of an axial mesodermal fate.
transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway involved in axial mesodermal cell fate specification
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the formation of the neural plate anterior/posterior pattern.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the formation of the anterior/posterior pattern of the neural plate.
retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands contributing to the anterior/posterior pattern of the neural plate.
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the formation of the neural plate anterior/posterior pattern.
transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of Wnt signaling through beta-catenin that results in the formation of the neural plate anterior/posterior pattern.
regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway
regulation of catenin import into nucleus
regulation of catenin protein nuclear translocation
regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin
negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin in the anterior end of the neural plate. This regulation sets up a Wnt signaling gradient along the anterior/posterior axis.
negative regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern
negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern
negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
ciliary receptor clustering involved in smoothened signaling pathway
Grouping of smoothened or patched receptors in a cilium, contributing to the smoothened signaling pathway.
ciliary receptor clustering involved in hedgehog signaling pathway
ciliary receptor clustering involved in hh signaling pathway
ciliary receptor clustering involved in smoothened signalling pathway
smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened contributing to the dorsal/ventral pattern of the neural tube.
hedgehog signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
hh signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
smoothened signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
oocyte animal/vegetal axis specification
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the animal/vegetal axis in the oocyte. The animal/vegetal axis of an oocyte is defined by the placement of the nucleus in the oocyte and can sometimes be identified by the asymmetric placement of other substances such as yolk in the oocyte. The pole of the egg that is closest to the nucleus defines the animal end, with the axis passing through the nucleus.
Wnt signaling pathway involved in animal/vegetal axis specification
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the specification of the animal/vegetal axis of an oocyte.
Wnt- activated signaling pathway involved in animal/vegetal axis specification
Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in animal/vegetal axis specification
Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in animal/vegetal axis specification
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a line that delineates the mouth and the anus of an embryo.
transforming growth factor receptor beta signaling pathway involved in oral/aboral axis specification
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the specification of the oral/aboral axis.
transforming growth factor receptor beta signalling pathway involved in oral/aboral axis specification
lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation
The process in which a venous blood vessel endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a lymphatic vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of lymph vessels.
blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a blood vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of blood vessels.
lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment
The commitment of a venous blood vessel endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a lymphatic endothelial cell.
The commitment of a cell to an endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endothelial cell.
The progression of the artery over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to a capillary bed.
The progression of the venous blood vessel over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. Venous blood vessels carry blood back to the heart after the capillary bed.
arterial endothelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of an arterial endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of arteries.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a venous endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of veins.
arterial endothelial cell fate commitment
The commitment of a cell to an arterial endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an arterial endothelial cell.
The commitment of a cell to a venous endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an venous endothelial cell.
blood vessel endothelial cell fate commitment
The commitment of a cell to a blood vessel endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a blood vessel endothelial cell.
The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
A process involved in cell fate commitment of an endothelial cell. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.
obsolete regulation of transcription involved in lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a venous endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell.
obsolete regulation of transcription involved in cell fate commitment
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a venous endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell fate.
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment
obsolete regulation of transcription involved in venous endothelial cell fate commitment
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a cell to a specific fate and contributes to a cell adopting a venous endothelial cell fate.
Notch signaling pathway involved in arterial endothelial cell fate commitment
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell and contributing to the commitment of a cell to an arterial endothelial cell fate.
Notch signalling pathway involved in arterial endothelial cell fate commitment
branching involved in lymph vessel morphogenesis
The process of the coordinated growth and sprouting of lymph vessels giving rise to the organized lymphatic system.
venous endothelial cell migration involved in lymph vessel development
The orderly movement of venous endothelial cells out of the veins giving rise to the precursors of lymphatic endothelial cells.
Establishment of the barrier between the blood and the brain. The cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.
establishment of glial blood-brain barrier
Establishment of the glial barrier between the blood and the brain. The glial cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.
establishment of glial blood/brain barrier
vesicle-mediated transport involved in floral organ abscission
The directed movement of substances within a cell by a cellular process that begins with the formation of membrane-bounded vesicles in which the transported substances are enclosed or located in the vesicle membrane which are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane contributing to the shedding of a floral organ.
membrane trafficking involved in floral organ shedding
obsolete regulation of vesicle-mediated transport involved in floral organ abscission
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of substances within a cell by a cellular process that begins with the formation of membrane-bounded vesicles in which the transported substances are enclosed or located in the vesicle membrane which are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane contributing to the shedding of a floral organ.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ abscission, the controlled shedding of floral organs.
positive regulation of floral organ abscission
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ shedding, the controlled shedding of floral organs.
negative regulation of floral organ abscission
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ abscission, the controlled shedding of floral organs.
regulation of floral organ abscission by signal transduction
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately modulating the rate, or extent of floral organ abscission.
obsolete positive regulation of floral organ abscission by small GTPase mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals that increases the rate or extent of floral organ abscission.
negative regulation of floral organ abscission by transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand and contributing to the decrease in the rate or frequency of floral organ abscission.
negative regulation of floral organ abscission by transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signalling pathway
obsolete regulation of vesicle-mediated transport involved in floral organ abscission by small GTPase mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals that modulates the rate or extent of floral organ abscission.
transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway involved in floral organ abscission
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, which contributes to the process of floral organ abscission.
transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signalling pathway involved in floral organ abscission
cell wall disassembly involved in floral organ abscission
A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of floral organ abscission.
The progression of the semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.
The progession of the anterior semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.
posterior semicircular canal development
The progession of the posterior semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.
The progession of the lateral semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the semicircular canal from the otic vesicle. This process begins with the regionalization of the vesicle that specifies the area where the vesicles will form and continues through the process of fusion which forms the initial tubes.
regionalization involved in semicircular canal formation
The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the otic epithelium in space to define an area or volume in which cells will differentiate to give rise to the semicircular canals.
pouch outgrowth involved in semicircular canal formation
The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis and gives rise to a pouch that will form a semicircular canal.
Creation of the central hole of the semicircular canal by sealing the edges of the pouch that forms during the process of semicircular canal formation.
cell morphogenesis involved in semicircular canal fusion
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a semicircular canal epithelial cell acquires the structural features that allow it to contribute to the process of semicircular canal fusion.
basement membrane disassembly involved in semicircular canal fusion
A process that results in the breakdown of the basement membrane that contributes to the process of semicircular canal fusion.
basal lamina disassembly involved in semicircular canal fusion
obsolete regulation of basement membrane disassembly involved in semicircular canal fusion by cell communication
OBSOLETE. Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings that modulates of the rate, frequency or extent of basement membrane disassembly involved in semicircular canal fusion.
The morphogenetic process in which cells are removed from the inner loop of a semicircular canal.
clearance of cells from fusion plate by apoptotic process
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the semicircular canal by removing cells in the fusion plate, forming the loops of the canals.
clearance of cells from fusion plate by apoptosis
clearance of cells from fusion plate by epithelial to mesenchymal transition
The process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition that contributes to the shaping of the semicircular canal by effectively removing epithelial cells from the fusion plate, forming the loops of the canals.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis of the limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The limb epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of the limb, it is a complex stratified squamous epithelium.
The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the epidermis of the limb in space to define a volume in which specific patterns of basal cell, spinous cell and granular cells will differentiate giving rise to the layers of the limb epidermis.
limb basal epidermal cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a limb epidermal basal cell. A epidermal basal cell cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into more specialized cell of the limb epidermis.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a limb epidermal spinous cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a limb epidermal granular cell.
limb basal epidermal cell fate specification
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an limb basal epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an limb granular cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a limb spinous cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the dorsal ventral patterning of the spinal cord.
retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway involved in spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning
The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the neural plate to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes of the neural plate in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.
eye field cell fate commitment involved in camera-type eye formation
The commitment of neurectodermal cells to cells of the eye field and their capacity to differentiate into eye field cells. Eye field cells are neurectodermal cells that will form the optic placode.
obsolete regulation of transcription involved in eye field cell fate commitment of camera-type eye
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a neurectodermal cell to a specialized neurectodermal cell that will give rise to the optic vesicle.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a camera-type eye from unspecified neurectoderm. This process begins with the differentiation of cells that form the optic field and ends when the optic cup has attained its shape.
regulation of hair cycle by canonical Wnt signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the hair cycle.
regulation of hair cycle by canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway
regulation of hair cycle by canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway
regulation of hair cycle by canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway
regulation of hair cycle by Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin
regulation of hair cycle by BMP signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the hair cycle.
regulation of hair cycle by BMP signalling pathway
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of meiosis I, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells.
regulation of protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).
regulation of induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation
Any process that modulates the frequency of induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation, the process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation.
negative regulation of small non-coding RNA-mediated heterochromatin formation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of small non-coding RNA-mediated heterochromatin formation.
negative regulation of chromatin silencing by small RNA
negative regulation of heterochromatin assembly by small RNA
negative regulation of RNAi-mediated heterochromatin assembly
positive regulation of macrophage cytokine production
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The maintenance of the number of copies of extrachromosomal plasmid DNA.
regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in plasmid copy number maintenance
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of plasmid DNA replication that contributes to copy number maintenance.
negative regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in plasmid copy number maintenance
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of plasmid DNA replication that contributes to copy number maintenance.
The commitment of cells to specific cardiac cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac cells. Cardiac cells are cells that comprise the organ which pumps blood through the circulatory system.
The process involved in the specification of cardiac cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
The process involved in cardiac cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the heart field and the arrival of cardiac neural crest to the heart region. The process ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in lung development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the lung. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.
mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population that contributes to the progression of the lung over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
regulation of (1->6)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.
regulation of 1,6-beta-glucan biosynthetic process
The directed movement of auxin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Auxins are a group of plant hormones that regulates aspects of plant growth.
The directed movement of auxins from outside of a cell into a cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pacemaker cell. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node.
atrioventricular node cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell. AV node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the atrioventricular node.
The commitment of cells to specific cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
atrial cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
The commitment of cells to atrial cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells of the atrium. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
atrial cardiomyocyte cell fate commitment
atrial heart muscle cell fate commitment
ventricular cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
The commitment of cells to ventricular cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells of the ventricle. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
ventricular cardiomyocyte cell fate commitment
ventricular heart muscle cell fate commitment
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pacemaker cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions.
The commitment of cells to pacemaker cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into pacemaker cells. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
atrioventricular node cell fate commitment
The commitment of cells to atrioventricular (AV) node cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into AV node cells.
The commitment of cells to sinoatrial (SA) node cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into SA node cells. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node.
His-Purkinje system cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the His-Purkinje system. These cells form the fibers regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a His-Purkinje cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. These cells form the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.
His-Purkinje system cell fate commitment
The commitment of cells to His-Purkinje cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into His-Purkinje cells. These cells form the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
The commitment of cells to a cardiac fibroblast fate and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac fibroblast cells. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
epicardium-derived cardiac fibroblast cell differentiation
The process in which an epicardial cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
epicardium-derived cardiac fibroblast cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epicardial-derived cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature state. A epicardial-derived cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart that arises from the epicardium and secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac fibroblast development
A transition where an epicardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will mature into a cardiac fibroblast.
epicardium-derived cardiac fibroblast cell fate commitment
The commitment of an epicardial cell to a cardiac fibroblast cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
neural crest-derived cardiac fibroblast cell differentiation
The process in which a neural crest cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
neural crest-derived cardiac fibroblast cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation from a neural crest cell to the mature state. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
neural crest-derived cardiac fibroblast cell fate commitment
The commitment of neural crest cells to a cardiac fibroblast fate and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac fibroblast cells. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the heart.
cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a blood vessel endothelial cell of the heart. Blood vessel endothelial cells are thin flattened cells that line the inside surfaces of blood vessels.
cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell. A cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell covers the heart vasculature and lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers.
heart vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
heart vascular smooth muscle cell development
cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell fate commitment
The commitment of cells to a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell.
heart vascular smooth muscle cell fate commitment
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the heart.
neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell differentiation
The process in which a neural crest cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the heart.
The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac glial cell over time, from its formation to the fully functional mature cell.
The commitment of cells to cardiac glial cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac glial cells.
neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell development
The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell fate commitment
The commitment of neural crest cells to cardiac glial cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac glial cells.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
The commitment of a cell to an endocardial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart.
The progression of an endocardial cell over time, from its formation to the mature cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac neuron over time, from its formation to the mature state.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron of the heart.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of phospholipase D.
regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription by RNA polymerase II
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes mediated by RNA polymerase II.
regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription by RNA polymerase II
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes mediated by RNA polymerase II.
positive regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing
A process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs).
regulation of gene silencing by microRNA
negative regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing
A process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by a microRNA (miRNA).
negative regulation of gene silencing by microRNA
negative regulation of gene silencing by miRNA
Any process that regulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by RNA. Gene silencing by RNA is the process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes.
negative regulation of gene silencing by RNA
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by RNA. Gene silencing by RNA is the process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes.
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation.
obsolete negative regulation of gene silencing
OBSOLETE. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation.
embryonic heart tube dorsal/ventral pattern formation
The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis of the embryonic heart tube are established. This process will determine the patterns of cell differentiation along the axis.
embryonic heart tube left/right pattern formation
The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the left/right axis of the embryonic heart tube in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place.
The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the left/right axis in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.
cell migration involved in heart development
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the progression of the heart over time, from its initial formation, to the mature organ.
cell migration involved in heart formation
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that contribute to the formation of the heart. The initial heart structure is made up of mesoderm-derived heart progenitor cells and neural crest-derived cells.
cardioblast migration to the midline involved in heart field formation
The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the midline to form the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
cardiac progenitor cell midline migration
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blood vessels of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels of the heart are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis
Blood vessel formation in the heart when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
angiogenesis involved in cardiac vascular morphogenesis
angiogenesis involved in heart vascular morphogenesis
vasculogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis
The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells that contributes to blood vessel development in the heart, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.
vasculogenesis involved in coronary blood vessel morphogenesis
cell migration involved in coronary vasculogenesis
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the differentiation of an endothelial cell that will form the blood vessels of the heart.
cell migration involved in coronary angiogenesis
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of new blood vessels in the heart from pre-existing blood vessels.
The process in which the anatomical structures of coronary arteries are generated and organized. Coronary arteries are blood vessels that transport blood to the heart muscle.
epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the epicardium acquires specialized features of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell. A cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell covers the heart vasculature and lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers.
epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell that was derived from the epicardium over time, from its formation to the mature state.
epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell fate commitment
The commitment of an epicardial cell to a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell.
The regulated release of a hormone into the circulatory system.
A macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as they fuse or undergo fission.
lipid tube assembly involved in organelle fusion
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as organelles fuse.
lipid tubulation involved in organelle fusion
lipid tube assembly involved in organelle fission
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as organelles undergo fission.
lipid tubulation involved in organelle fission
obsolete lipid tube assembly involved in cytokinesis
OBSOLETE. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in cytokinesis.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fungicide stimulus. Fungicides are chemicals used to kill fungi.
Morphogenesis of a kidney. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in kidney development
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the branching morphogenesis by which the kidney progresses from its initial formation to the mature state.
cell-cell signaling involved in kidney development
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature organ.
cell-cell signalling involved in kidney development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
regulation of dendritic spine development
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
positive regulation of dendritic spine development
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
negative regulation of dendritic spine development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
negative regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
positive regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
pattern specification involved in kidney development
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the kidney to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
pattern formation involved in kidney development
cell differentiation involved in kidney development
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of the kidney.
An system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the hepaticobiliary system. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins.
The progression of the hepaticobiliary system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins.
The progression of the common bile duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The common bile duct is formed from the joining of the common hepatic duct running from the liver, and the cystic duct running from the gallbladder. The common bile duct transports bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine.
The progression of the gallbladder over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The gallbladder is a cavitated organ that stores bile.
The progression of the hepatic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the common bile duct.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
positive regulation of mRNA catabolic process
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
The directed movement of snRNA, small nuclear ribonucleic acid into the nucleus.
The directed movement of snRNA, small nuclear ribonucleic acid, to a Cajal body.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hepatoblast. A hepatoblast is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
The membrane organization process that joins two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane.
The regrowth of cardiac muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage.
The process whose specific outcome is the development of the umbilical cord, from its formation to the mature structure. The umbilical cord is an organ or embryonic origin consisting of the 2 umbilical arteries and the one umbilical vein. The umbilical cord connects the cardiovascular system of the fetus to the mother via the placenta.
The establishment of a barrier between endothelial cell layers, such as those in the brain, lung or intestine, to exert specific and selective control over the passage of water and solutes, thus allowing formation and maintenance of compartments that differ in fluid and solute composition.
The progression of the eyelid in a camera-type eye from its formation to the mature state. The eyelid is a membranous cover that helps protect and lubricate the eye.
epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland alveolus development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland alveolus.
endodermal digestive tract morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the endodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The endodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from endoderm.
The progression of the visceral serous pericardium from its formation to the mature structure. The visceral serous pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium.
secretion by lung epithelial cell involved in lung growth
The controlled release of liquid by a lung epithelial cell that contributes to an increase in size of the lung as part of its development.
olfactory bulb mitral cell layer development
The progression of the olfactory bulb mitral cell layer over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mitral cell layer is composed of pyramidal neurons whose cell bodies are located between the granule cell layer and the plexiform layer.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
positive regulation of cartilage development
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
negative regulation of cartilage development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
The process in which anatomical structures of the uterus are generated and organized.
The process in which a female gonad is generated and organized.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.
negative regulation of vascular wound healing
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.
positive regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.
negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.
cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development
The growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state.
regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state.
positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state.
negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state.
The progression of a somite from its initial formation to the mature structure. Somites are mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.
The progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.
The progression of the myotome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The myotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to muscle.
The progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra.
peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of peptidoglycan to a receptor and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The main outcome of the Imd signaling is the production of antimicrobial peptides.
regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway.
regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signalling pathway
positive regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway.
positive regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signalling pathway
negative regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway.
negative regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signalling pathway
The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms.
regulation of nematode larval development
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.
positive regulation of nematode larval development
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.
negative regulation of nematode larval development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.
positive regulation of dauer larval development
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.
negative regulation of dauer larval development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.
The progression of the urethra over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body.
The progression of the male urethra over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The male urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder through the penis to outside the body.
The progression of the female urethra over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The female urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body, exiting above the vaginal opening.
The progression of the urethra epithelium over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. The epithelium is the tubular, planar layer of cells through which the urine passes.
The process in which the iris is generated and organized. The iris is an anatomical structure in the eye whose opening forms the pupil. The iris is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and the amount of light reaching the retina.
The process in which the ciliary body generated and organized. The ciliary body is the circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.
positive regulation of neural retina development
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.
negative regulation of neural retina development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.
The process of inhibiting aggregation and assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that is dependent on interaction with a chaperone.
positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion involved in immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell and contributes to the immune response.
positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion during immune response
The progression of the left horn of the sinus venosus from its initial formation to the mature structure.
The progression of the right horn of the sinus venosus from its formation to the mature structure.
positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte cytokine production involved in immune response
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the production of a cytokine that contributes to the immune response.
positive regulation of myeloid cell cytokine production involved in immune response
Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a myeloid cell.
Any process that regulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein refolding. Protein refolding is the process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.
negative regulation of protein refolding
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein refolding. Protein refolding is the process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.
regulation of histone H3-K27 methylation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of histone H3-K27 methylation. Histone H3-K27 methylation is the modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 27 of the histone.
negative regulation of histone H3-K27 methylation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of histone H3-K27 methylation. Histone H3-K27 methylation is the modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 27 of the histone.
positive regulation of histone H3-K27 methylation
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of histone H3-K27 methylation. Histone H3-K27 methylation is the modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 27 of the histone.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of sequestering of zinc ion. Sequestering of zinc ion is the process of binding or confining zinc ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
negative regulation of sequestering of zinc ion
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of sequestering of zinc ion. Sequestering of zinc ion is the process of binding or confining zinc ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
positive regulation of sequestering of zinc ion
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of sequestering of zinc ion. Sequestering of zinc ion is the process of binding or confining zinc ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
regulation of phospholipid translocation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the translocation, or flipping, of phospholipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.
positive regulation of phospholipid translocation
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the translocation, or flipping, of phospholipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.
negative regulation of phospholipid translocation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the translocation, or flipping, of phospholipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.
regulation of turning behavior involved in mating
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of turning behavior involved in mating. Turning behavior is the sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.
positive regulation of turning behavior involved in mating
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of turning behavior involved in mating. Turning behavior is the sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.
negative regulation of turning behavior involved in mating
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of turning behavior involved in mating. Turning behavior is the sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.
regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.
positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.
negative regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.
lung neuroendocrine cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroendocrine cell of the lung epithelium.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a neuroendocrine cell. A neuroendocrine cell is a cell that receives input form a neuron which controls the secretion of an endocrine substance.
stomach neuroendocrine cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroendocrine cell of the stomach epithelium.
gastric neuroendocrine cell differentiation
carotid body glomus cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a glomus cell of the carotid body. The carotid body is a specialized chemosensory organ that helps respond to hypoxia.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an adrenal chromaffin cell. An adrenal chromaffin cell is a neuroendocrine cell that stores epinephrine secretory vesicles.
regulation of stomach neuroendocrine cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the differentiation of a neuroendocrine cell in the stomach.
negative regulation of stomach neuroendocrine cell differentiation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the differentiation of a neuroendocrine cell in the stomach.
The progression of the seminal vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The seminal vesicle is a gland that contributes to the production of semen.
The progression of the seminal vesicle epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a dense core granule. A dense core granule is a secretory organelle found in endocrine cells.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a dense core granule. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the dense core granule.
epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling involved in lung development
Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell and contributes to the progression of the lung over time from its initial formation to the mature organ.
epithelial-mesenchymal cell signalling involved in lung development
negative regulation of bud outgrowth involved in lung branching
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of bud outgrowth involved in lung branching.
Morphogenesis of the pancreas. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized.
branching involved in pancreas morphogenesis
The process in which the branches of the pancreas are generated and organized.
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the lung. The proximal/distal axis of the lung is defined by a line that runs from the trachea to the alveoli.
The morphogenesis process in which the ductus venosus changes to no longer permit blood flow after birth.
Any process that decreases the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.
regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP.
regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by chlorinated alkylphenone
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of a chlorinated alkylphenone. An alkylphenone is an aromatic polyketide with methyl and chlorine substitutions.
regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-1
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-1. DIF-1 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.
regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-2
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-2. DIF-2 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.
positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP.
negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP.
positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by chlorinated alkylphenone
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of a chlorinated alkylphenone. An alkylphenone is an aromatic polyketide with methyl and chlorine substitutions.
negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by chlorinated alkylphenone
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of a chlorinated alkylphenone. An alkylphenone is an aromatic polyketide with methyl and chlorine substitutions.
positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-1
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-1. DIF-1 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.
negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-1
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-1. DIF-1 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.
positive regulation of chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-2
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-2. DIF-2 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.
negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-2
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-2. DIF-2 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.
The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the pancreas forms a bud.
The process in which a specific region of the gut is delineated into the area in which the pancreas will develop.
The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes the cells of the gut to change their fates and specify the development of the pancreas.
Binds to and increases the activity of an endopeptidase.
Binds to and modulates the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds.
Binds to and modulates the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes nonterminal peptide bonds in polypeptides.
regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.
The process in which a branch bud increases radially. A branch bud is the initial area of outgrowth in the formation of a new branch.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a branched epithelium are generated and organized.
The regionalization process in which the identity of a bud primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung secretory cell. A lung secretory cell is a specialized epithelial cell of the lung that contains large secretory granules in its apical part.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung ciliated cell. A lung ciliated cell is a specialized lung epithelial cell that contains cilia for moving substances released from lung secretory cells.
mesothelial-mesenchymal cell signaling involved in early lung development
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesothelial cell to an epithelial cell and contributes to the development of the lung.
mesothelial-mesenchymal cell signalling involved in early lung development
The progression of a primary alveolar septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A primary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that surrounds the saccule as it forms.
The progression of a secondary alveolar septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A secondary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that subdivides the initial saccule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which a Peyer's patch is generated and organized. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.
The progression of the endocardial endothelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
extracellular matrix organization involved in endocardium development
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix of the endocardium. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
extracellular matrix organisation involved in endocardium development
BMP signaling pathway involved in ureter morphogenesis
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the shaping of the ureter. The ureter is a tube that extends from the kidney to the bladder.
BMP signalling pathway involved in ureter morphogenesis
The regionalization process that divides an the renal system into a series of segments along its proximal/distal axis.
BMP signaling pathway involved in renal system segmentation
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the segmentation of the renal system.
BMP signalling pathway involved in renal system segmentation
The progression of the trachea submucosa over time from its formation to the mature structure. The trachea submucosa is made up of the glands and elastic tissue that lie under the mucosa in the trachea.
The progression of a trachea gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Trachea glands are found under the mucus of the trachea and secrete mucus, and agents that help protect the lung from injury and infection.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an endothelium. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.
pulmonary artery endothelial tube morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from the pulmonary artery endothelium. An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the pulmonary artery are generated and organized. The pulmonary artery is the artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs.
Any process that decreases the stability of an mRNA molecule, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes. Messenger RNA is the intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. It includes UTR and coding sequences. It does not contain introns.
An mRNA destabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA.
establishment of bipolar cell polarity involved in cell morphogenesis
The specification and formation of bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that contribute to cell morphogenesis. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.
regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity that contributes to the shape of a cell.
positive regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity that regulates the shape of a cell.
establishment of monopolar cell polarity
The specification and formation of monopolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Monopolar cell organization is directional organization along an axis.
The endoplasmic reticulum organization process that results in the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum being oriented in the cell. Endoplasmic reticulum polarization serves as a mechanism to compartmentalize cellular activities and to establish cell polarity.
endoplasmic reticulum localisation involved in endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site
endoplasmic reticulum localization involved in endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site
ER localization involved in ER polarization at cell division site
establishment of endoplasmic reticulum localisation involved in endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site
establishment of endoplasmic reticulum localization involved in endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site
maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum location involved in endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site
transitional endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site
regulation of hair follicle placode formation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of hair follicle placode formation, the developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.
positive regulation of hair placode formation
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of hair follicle placode formation, the developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.
negative regulation of hair follicle placode formation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of hair follicle placode formation, the developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.
The specification and formation of bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.
regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.
positive regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity.
Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters that will induce the contraction of muscle. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.
Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a non-glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters at a regulatory synapse. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.
Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary for the tonic release neurotransmitters that will induce the contraction of muscle. Type Ib terminal boutons are larger than type Is terminal boutons.
Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary for the phasic release neurotransmitters that will induce the contraction of muscle. Type Is terminal boutons are smaller than type Ib terminal boutons.
regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose.
regulation of insulin secretion in response to glucose
negative regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose.
negative regulation of insulin secretion in response to glucose
negative regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.
negative regulation of chondrocyte development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.
positive regulation of dermatome development
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.
negative regulation of dermatome development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.
negative regulation of silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin formation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterochromatin formation at silent mating-type cassette.
negative regulation of chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette
negative regulation of silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin assembly
regulation of rDNA heterochromatin formation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of rDNA heterochromatin formation.
regulation of chromatin silencing at rDNA
regulation of ribosomal DNA heterochromatin assembly
negative regulation of rDNA heterochromatin formation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of ribosomal DNA heterochromatin formation.
negative regulation of chromatin silencing at rDNA
negative regulation of ribosomal DNA heterochromatin assembly
negative regulation of ribosomal DNA heterochromatin formation
positive regulation of sclerotome development
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra.
positive regulation of vacuole fusion, non-autophagic
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.
negative regulation of vacuole fusion, non-autophagic
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.
The progression of the taste bud over time, from its formation to the mature state. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the taste bud are generated and organized. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the taste bud from unspecified parts. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.
The progression of the fungiform papilla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the fungiform papilla are generated and organized. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a spongiform papilla from unspecified parts. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue.
striated muscle contraction involved in embryonic body morphogenesis
The process in which force is generated within striated embryonic muscle tissue, resulting in a contraction of the muscle that contributes to the formation of an embryo's characteristic body morphology.
clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle
A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle.
clathrin sculpted GABA transport vesicle
clathrin sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle
clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle lumen
The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle.
clathrin sculpted GABA transport vesicle lumen
clathrin sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle lumen
clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle.
clathrin sculpted GABA transport vesicle membrane
clathrin sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle membrane
striated muscle paramyosin thick filament assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the paramyosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.
paramyosin filament assembly or disassembly
The formation or disassembly of a filament composed of paramyosin molecules.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paramesonephric duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mullerian ducts (or paramesonephric ducts) are paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the mullerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and the upper portion of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephros are generated and organized.
mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
cell differentiation involved in mesonephros development
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the mesonephros.
cell-cell signaling involved in mesonephros development
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ.
cell-cell signalling involved in mesonephros development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.
mesonephric juxtaglomerular apparatus development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate.
positive regulation of mesonephros development
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mesonephros development. Mesonephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
mesonephric smooth muscle tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephron in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in mesonephros development
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the mesonephros progressing from its initial formation to the mature state.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mesonephros development. Mesonephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
negative regulation of mesonephros development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mesonephros development. Mesonephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of mesonephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Mesonephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the mesonephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Mesonephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros.
mesonephric mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesonephric mesenchymal cell population.
mesonephric mesenchymal cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The progression of the mesonephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mesonephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or mesonephros.
mesonephric extraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development
The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the mesonephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.
proximal/distal pattern formation involved in mesonephric nephron development
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron in the mesonephros. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the glomerulus (proximal end) outward toward the mesonephric duct (distal end).
pattern specification involved in mesonephros development
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the mesonephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric nephron are generated and organized. A mesonephric nephron is the functional unit of the mesonephros.
mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell.
mesonephric glomerulus vasculature development
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the mesonephric glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the mesonephric glomerulus.
mesonephric glomerular epithelium development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus in the mesonephros. The mesonephric glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.
mesonephric glomerular basement membrane development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the mesonephric glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The mesonephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate mesonephros.
mesenchymal stem cell maintenance involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis
The process in which an organism retains a population of mesenchymal stem cells that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the mesonephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
mesonephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis
The process in which the mesonephric comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The mesonephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the mesonephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros.
convergent extension involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis
The morphogenetic process in which the renal epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the mesonephros.
establishment of planar polarity involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis
Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the mesonephros.
establishment of planar cell polarity involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis
mesenchymal stem cell differentiation involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell that contributes to the shaping of a nephronin the mesonephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
mesonephric nephron tubule morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric nephron tubule are generated and organized. A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros.
mesonephric nephron epithelium development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros.
The progression of a mesonephric nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the mesonephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.
The process in which the mesonephric S-shaped body is generated and organized. The mesonephric S-shaped body is the successor of the mesonephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros.
establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulates the shaping of a cell.
mesonephric glomerular mesangium development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric glomerular mesangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the mesonephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus.
mesonephric glomerulus vasculature morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The mesonephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the mesonephric glomerulus.
mesonephric glomerular capillary formation
The process that gives rise to a mesonephric glomerular capillary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.
mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.
mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. These cells may also give rise to podocytes.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.
mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell differentiation
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.
mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development
mesonephric podocyte cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.
mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell fate commitment
mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
mesonephric mesangial cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesangial cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis
A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the mesonephros.
mesonephric mesenchyme to epithelial transition
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the mesonephros.
mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell.
mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the mesonephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
mesonephric interstitial fibroblast differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblasts of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
mesonephros interstitial cell differentiation
mesonephric interstitial fibroblast development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
mesonephros interstitial cell development
mesonephric interstitial fibroblast fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric interstitial fibroblast.
mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development
The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangial cells in the mesonephros, resulting in the expansion of the population.
mesonephric intraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the mesonephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.
mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephric renal vesicle formation
A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the mesonephric renal vesicle.
mesonephric connecting tubule development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the mesonephric nephron; it connects the distal tubule to the collecting duct in the mesonephros.
mesonephric collecting tubule development
The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric distal tubule are generated and organized. The mesonephric distal tubule is a mesonephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the mesonephric connecting tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric distal tubule is a mesonephric nephron tubule that begins at the terminal segment of the proximal tubule and ends at the mesonephric connecting tubule.
The progression of the mesonephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric proximal tubule extends from the capsule to the distal tubule.
mesonephric proximal tubule morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric proximal tubule are generated and organized. The mesonephric proximal tubule extends from the capsule to the distal tubule.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the mesonephros.
epithelial cell migration involved in mesonephric nephron tubule morphogenesis
The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to mesonephric nephron tubule morphogenesis.
epithelial cell migration involved in mesonephric distal tubule morphogenesis
The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to mesonephric distal tubule morphogenesis.
epithelial cell migration involved in mesonephric proximal tubule morphogenesis
The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to mesonephric proximal tubule morphogenesis.
specification of mesonephric connecting tubule identity
The process in which the connecting tubule of the mesonephric nephron acquires its identity.
specification of mesonephric collecting tubule identity
specification of mesonephric nephron tubule identity
The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the mesonephric nephron acquire their identity.
specification of mesonephric distal tubule identity
The process in which the distal tubule of the mesonephric nephron acquires its identity.
specification of mesonephric proximal tubule identity
The process in which the proximal tubule of the mesonephric nephron acquires its identity.
The progression of the mesonephric capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric capsule are generated and organized. The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric capsule from unspecified parts. The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.
The regionalization process in which the identity of the mesonephric capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
Wnt signaling pathway involved in kidney development
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the kidney over time.
Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in kidney development
Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in kidney development
Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in kidney development
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in metanephric kidney development
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contribute to the progression of the metanephric kidney over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in metanephric kidney development
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in metanephric kidney development
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in metanephric kidney development
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud branching
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the branching of the ureteric bud. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud branching
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in ureteric bud branching
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesonephros development
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the progression of the mesonephros over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mesonephros development
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mesonephros development
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mesonephros development
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesonephric nephron development
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contribute to the progression of the mesonephric nephron over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mesonephric nephron development
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mesonephric nephron development
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mesonephric nephron development
Signaling at short range between cells of the ureteric bud terminus and the kidney mesenchyme that positively regulates the formation of the mesonephric renal vesicle.
regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the mesonephros.
regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis
regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptotic process involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis
negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis
Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the mesonephros.
negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis
negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptotic process involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis
Any process that increases the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the mesonephros.
positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis
positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptotic process involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis
retina vasculature development in camera-type eye
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
retina vasculature morphogenesis in camera-type eye
The process in which the vasculature of the retina is generated and organized.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the vasculature of the cerebellum is generated and organized.
The binding of a smooth muscle cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.
The progression of the cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cornea is the transparent structure that covers the anterior of the eye.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape
The maintenance of established bipolar anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that results in the shaping of a cell.
obsolete DNA strand renaturation involved in double-strand break repair
OBSOLETE. The identification and annealing of complementary base pairs in single-strand DNA that contributes to double-strand break repair.
cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac neural crest cell that will migrate to the heart and contribute to its development. Cardiac neural crest cells are specialized cells that migrate toward the heart from the third, fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches.
cardiac neural crest cell development involved in heart development
The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell that contributes to the development of the heart.
cardiac neural crest cell development involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract.
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in cardiac neural crest cell differentiation.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development
cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand the binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, which contributes to the progression of the heart over time.
cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway involved in heart development
cell surface receptor linked signalling pathway involved in heart development
BMP signaling pathway involved in heart development
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the progression of the heart over time.
BMP signalling pathway involved in heart development
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
Notch signaling involved in heart development
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.
Notch signalling involved in heart development
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway that contributes to an expansion of the population of cardiac muscle cells.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the progression of the heart over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin and contributing to cardiac muscle cell fate commitment. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a renal filtration cell. Renal filtration cells are specialized cells of the renal system that filter fluids by charge, size or both. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a nephrocyte. A nephrocyte is an insect renal cell that filters hemolymph. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a pericardial nephrocyte. A pericardial nephrocyte is an insect renal cell that filters hemolymph and is found with other pericardial nephrocytes in two rows flanking the dorsal vessel. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a garland nephrocyte. A garland nephrocyte is an insect renal cell that filters hemolymph and forms a ring with other garland nephrocytes around the esophagus. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a disseminated nephrocyte. A disseminated nephrocyte is an insect renal cell that filters hemolymph and is found at scattered locations in the fat body or other tissues. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac outflow tract cell proliferation
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway that contributes to the modulation of the expansion of a population of cardiac outflow tract cells.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac outflow tract cell proliferation
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac outflow tract cell proliferation
canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac outflow tract cell proliferation
cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract.
The progression of the renal tubule over time from its formation to the mature form. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pair of anterior tubules arise from a dorsal region of the embryonic hindgut and projects forwards through the body cavity. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which connects with the posterior part of the gut.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pair of posterior tubules arise from a ventrolateral region of the embryonic hindgut and project backwards through the body cavity. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which connects with the posterior part of the gut.
Malpighian tubule principal cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule principal cell. A Malpighian tubule principal cell is an epithelial secretory cell that transports cations into the lumen of the tubule.
Malpighian tubule stellate cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule stellate cell. A Malpighian tubule stellate cell is a specialized epithelial secretory cell that moves chloride ions and water across the tubule epithelium.
epithelial cell proliferation involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis
The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and contributing to the shaping of a Malpighian tubule.
The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from the embryonic hindgut tube to form the Malpighian tubule. A bud is a protrusion that forms from the tube by localized changes in cell shape and position.
The process in which the renal tubule is generated by specification of cell fate, through the maintenance of cell polarity, regulated cell proliferation and morphogenetic cell rearrangements, shape changes and growth. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis.
cell rearrangement involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis
The movement of an epithelial cell with respect to other epithelial cells that contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule.
cell migration involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis
cell growth involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis
The growth of an epithelial cell dependent on cycles of endoreplication, where growth contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule.
cell morphogenesis involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis
The shape change of an epithelial cell from a columnar to squamous cell morphology that contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule.
Transfer of an organized electrical impulse across the heart to coordinate the contraction of cardiac muscles. The process begins with generation of an action potential (in the sinoatrial node (SA) in humans) and ends with a change in the rate, frequency, or extent of the contraction of the heart muscles.
obsolete atrioventricular node impulse conduction delay
OBSOLETE. A heart process that modulates the propagation of the signal that causes the heart muscle to contract.
establishment or maintenance of monopolar cell polarity
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of monopolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Monopolar cell organization is directional organization along an axis.
establishment or maintenance of monopolar cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a monopolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulate the shape of a cell.
non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.
non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development
non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
regulation of cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis by non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway
Any process that decreased the extent of cell adhesion that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
regulation of cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis by non-canonical Wnt signalling pathway
cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
regulation of cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the extent of cell adhesion contributing to the shaping of the heart.
planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin and contributing to a cardioblast being committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate.
planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract.
planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the ventricular septum.
planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac right atrium morphogenesis
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the cardiac right atrium.
planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the cardiac muscle tissue.
The multiplication or reproduction of neural precursor cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A neural precursor cell is either a nervous system stem cell or a nervous system progenitor cell.
cell chemotaxis involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis
The directed movement of the outgrowing Malpighian tubule guided by specific chemical cues/signals. Movement may be towards a guidance cue (positive chemotaxis) or away from it (negative chemotaxis). Guidance contributes to the final positioning of the tubule.
BMP signaling pathway involved in Malpighian tubule cell chemotaxis
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the directed movement of a Malpighian tubule cell toward a stimulus, thereby contributing to the shaping of the tubule.
bone morphogenic protein receptor signalling pathway involved in Malpighian tubule cell chemotaxis
planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the pericardium.
The controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell.
positive regulation of Wnt protein secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell.
negative regulation of Wnt protein secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell.
regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by Wnt protein secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the Wnt signaling pathway by the controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell.
regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway by Wnt protein secretion
regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway by Wnt protein secretion
regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway by Wnt protein secretion
The developmental process pertaining to the progression of the optic chiasm from its initial formation to the mature structure. The process begins when the pathfinding of the axons of the developing optic nerve cause some axons to cross at the midline of the brain and ends when the axons are mature.
positive regulation of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.
negative regulation of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.
negative regulation of progesterone biosynthesis involved in luteolysis
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the biosynthesis of progesterone biosynthesis that contributes to luteolysis.
apoptotic process involved in luteolysis
The apoptotic process that contributes to luteolysis.
positive regulation of triglyceride lipase activity
Any process that increases the activity of triglyceride lipase.
Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a chemical pain stimulus.
behavioral response to acetic acid induced pain
Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of an acetic acid pain stimulus.
behavioral response to formalin induced pain
Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a formalin pain stimulus.
negative regulation of testicular blood vessel morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel morphogenesis in the testicle.
negative regulation of testicular vasculature morphogenesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of testosterone, an androgen having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4 C-5.
determination of heart left/right asymmetry
Determination of the asymmetric location of the heart with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.
determination of cardiac left/right asymmetry
activin receptor signaling pathway involved in heart jogging
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the activin family to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and contributing to the process of heart jogging.
activin receptor signalling pathway involved in heart jogging
The progression of the mammillary axonal complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammillary axonal complex is formed by the axons from the lateral, medial mammillary and the dorsal premammillary nuclei which share a branching pattern. Every neuron gives off one axonal stem that bifurcates into 2 branches. One of the branches is directed dorsally to the thalamus and another caudally to the midbrain.
mammillothalamic axonal tract development
The progression of the mammillothalamic axonal tract, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammillothalamic tract is the collection of axons that connects the two major subdivisions of the diencephalon (hypothalamus and thalamus) and closes the diencephalic circuit.
The progression of the mammillotectal tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammillotectal tract is the collection of axons that connects the ventral diencephalon to the superior colliculus.
mammillotegmental axonal tract development
The process in which the mammillotegmental tract progresses over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammillotegmental tract is the collection of axons that connects the ventral diencephalon to the tegmentum and pons.
The progression of the mammary gland lobule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mammary gland lobule is a small rounded projection of the mammary gland.
The progression of the corpora quadrigemina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corpora quadrigemina is a part of the midbrain that is made up of the superior and inferior colliculi.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior colliculus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inferior colliculus (IC) (Latin, lower hill) is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several more peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex. The inferior colliculus has three subdivisions: the central nucleus (CIC), a dorsal cortex (DCIC) by which it is surrounded, and an external cortex (ICX) which is located laterally.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior colliculus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior colliculus is also known as the optic tectum or simply tectum and is a paired structure that forms a major component of the vertebrate midbrain.
The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the diencephalon.
Malpighian tubule tip cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule tip cell. A Malpighian tubule tip cell is a mitogenic signaling cell that controls the proliferation of its neighboring cells.
The process of shaping a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.
The process of shaping a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.
fibroblast proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis
The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblasts, resulting in the expansion of a fibroblast population that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
The closure of the temporary ventral gap in the optic cup that contributes to its shaping.
Any process that modulates the extent of cell growth.
Any process that modulates the rate of cell growth.
Any process that modulates the direction of cell growth.
positive regulation of direction of cell growth
Any process that increases the direction of cell growth.
negative regulation of direction of cell growth
Any process that decreases the direction of cell growth.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to osmotic stress
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to osmotic stress
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to arsenic-containing substance
OBSOLETE. Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to arsenic-containing substance
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to copper ion
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to an copper ion stimulus.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to copper ion
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to an copper ion stimulus.
obsolete negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to copper ion
OBSOLETE. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to an copper ion stimulus.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to cobalt ion
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to a cobalt ion stimulus.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to calcium ion
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to a calcium ion stimulus.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to a hypotonic environment
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to acidic pH
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to acidity
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to nitrosative stress
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to increased salt
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hydrostatic pressure
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to glucose starvation
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of deprivation of glucose.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hydrogen peroxide
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to heat stress
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to freezing
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to ethanol
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to cold
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to amino acid starvation
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of deprivation of amino acids.
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by a nonfermentable carbon source
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by a nonfermentable carbon source
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source leads to an increase of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by a nonfermentable carbon source
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source leads to a decrease of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to salt stress
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under salt stress. The stress is usually an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hypoxia stimulus.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hypoxia stimulus.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to biotin starvation
OBSOLETE. Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of deprivation of biotin.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription by oleic acid
OBSOLETE. Any process involving oleic acid that activates or increases the rate of transcription.
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to alkaline pH
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a pH >7.0.
obsolete positive regulation of sodium ion transport by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter resulting in the increased frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
obsolete positive regulation of peroxisome organization by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter and activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peroxisome organization.
positive regulation of ethanol catabolic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter and activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an ethanol catabolic process.
obsolete positive regulation of sulfite transport by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter and activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfite transport.
obsolete negative regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA Polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter and stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a ceramide biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hypoxia stimulus.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by oleic acid
Any process involving oleic acid that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
The process of shaping a trabecula in bone. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methionine stimulus.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to methionine
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a methionine stimulus.
cellular response to caloric restriction
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a of caloric restriction, insufficient food energy intake.
obsolete regulation of replicative cell aging by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to caloric restriction
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replicative cell aging through a mechanism that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a caloric restriction stimulus.
positive regulation of transcription from a mobile element promoter
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a mobile element promoter.
Establishment of the epithelial barrier, the functional barrier in the skin that limits its permeability.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of vasculature of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the renal system vasculature is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
The process in which the kidney vasculature is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the anatomical structure of a renal artery is generated and organized. Renal arteries supply the kidneys with blood.
The process involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.
endocardial cushion cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cushion cell.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endocardial cushion cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
endocardial cushion cell fate commitment
The commitment of a cell to an endocardial cushion cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endocardial cushion cell.
endocardial cushion cell fate determination
The process involved in endocardial cushion cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.
endocardial cushion cell fate specification
The process involved in the specification of endocardial cushion cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
The progression of a connective tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an olfactory bulb tufted cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
Trophoblast cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. Trophoblast cells line the outside of the blastocyst.
The progression of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) over time from it's initial formation to its mature state. The retrotrapezoid nucleus is a group of neurons in the rostral medulla, which are responsible regulating respiration.
retrotrapezoid nucleus neuron differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the retrotrapezoid nucleus.
interstitial cell of Cajal differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an interstitial cell of Cajal. An interstitial cell of Cajal is an intestinal neuroepithelial cell that serves as a pacemaker to trigger gut contraction.
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by Golgi
The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) out of the Golgi apparatus into the cytosol.
obsolete integral component of muscle cell projection membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the muscle cell projection membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
mesenchymal stem cell migration involved in uteric bud morphogenesis
The orderly movement of a mesenchymal stem cell from one site to another contributing to the shaping of the ureteric bud. A mesenchymal stem cell, or MSC, is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
mesonephric cell migration involved in male gonad development
The orderly movement of a cell from the mesonephros to the male gonad, contributing to its development.
The progression of the reproductive system over time from its formation to the mature structure. The reproductive system consists of the organs that function in reproduction.
L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of L-arginine from one side of a membrane to the other.
arginine transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a lysosome.
O-acetyl-ADP-ribose deacetylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction O-acetyl-ADP-ribose + H2O = ADP-ribose + acetate.
obsolete plasma membrane part of cell-substrate junction
OBSOLETE. The part of the plasma membrane that contributes to the structure of a cell-substrate junction.
obsolete plasma membrane part of hemidesmosome
OBSOLETE. The part of the plasma membrane that contributes to the structure of a hemidesmosome.
obsolete plasma membrane part of cell junction
OBSOLETE. The part of the plasma membrane that contributes to the structure of a cell junction.
A membrane-bound intermediate cleavage-stage structure of individual or groups of chromosomes that coalesces and fuses with other karyomeres to form a nucleus during interphase. Karyomere formation occurs in blastomeres undergoing rapid cell division.
regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation.
T follicular helper cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature T follicular helper cell.
T-helper follicular cell differentiation
The process where the nuclear membrane engulfs condensed chromosomes to form karyomeres during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
Process whereby karyomere membranes fuse during interphase to form a single lobed nucleus.
murein tripeptide carboxypeptidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso-Dap (murein tripeptide) + H2O = L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu + meso-diaminopimelate.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a phagolysosome.
The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in the cytosol, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anticoagulant stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aromatase inhibitor stimulus.
response to platelet aggregation inhibitor
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet aggregation inhibitor stimulus.
response to reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an asparaginase stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a TNF agonist stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an irinotecan stimulus.
Catalysis of the reaction: cysteine sulfanate + GTP + IMP = sulfinylpropanyl adenylate + GDP + 3 H+ + phosphate.
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hematopoietic stem cells within a population of cells.
The expansion of a memory T cell population by cell division.
high-affinity fructose transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of fructose from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high affinity fructose transmembrane transporter activity
obsolete DNA replication initiation from late origin
OBSOLETE. The process in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started at a late origin of replication. A late origin of replication refers to an origin that is activated late in S phase.
asymmetric protein localization to old or new spindle pole body
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to either the old or new spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.
central plaque of mitotic spindle pole body
One of three laminate structures that form the mitotic spindle pole body; the inner plaque is on the nuclear face of the spindle pole body.
half bridge of mitotic spindle pole body
Structure adjacent to the plaques of the mitotic spindle pole body.
inner plaque of mitotic spindle pole body
One of three laminate structures that form the mitotic spindle pole body; the inner plaque is in the nucleus.
intermediate layer of mitotic spindle pole body
Structure between the central and outer plaques of the mitotic spindle pole body.
outer plaque of mitotic spindle pole body
One of three laminate structures that form the mitotic spindle pole body; the outer plaque is in the cytoplasm.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic G-P(2'-5')A-P(3'-5') (cyclic 2',3' GAMP).
early endosome to recycling endosome transport
The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the recycling endosomes.
tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine dehydratase
Catalysis of the ATP-dependent dehydration of t6A to form cyclic t6A.
cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
obsolete DNA topoisomerase type II (ATP-independent) activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is not coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2.
Binding to 2',3' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide, a cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclized via 2',5' and 3',5' linkages.
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group into CDP to produce a CTP.
asymmetric protein localization to old mitotic spindle pole body
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to the old mitotic spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.
asymmetric protein localization to new mitotic spindle pole body
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to the new mitotic spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.
The centrosome organization process by which a centriole increases in length as part of the process of replication.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cilium.
glucose 6-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose 6-phosphate(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = glucose 6-phosphate(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).
glucose 6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter activity
interleukin-34-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-34 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a myeloid cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The expansion of a monocyte population by cell division.
The expansion of a macrophage population by cell division.
The expansion of a microglial cell population by cell division.
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of macrophage cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a Langerhans cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a hepatic stellate cell.
1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA thioesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA + H2O = 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate + CoA.
A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cilium.
The process whose specific outcome is the formation of the central canal of the spinal cord from its formation to the mature structure. The central canal is a spinal cord structure that is part of the ventricular system and is filled with cerebral-spinal fluid and runs the length of the spinal cord.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindgut is part of the alimentary canal that lies posterior to the midgut.
The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell.
The regulated release of dopamine by a cell in which the dopamine acts as a neurotransmitter.
The regulated release of aspartate by a cell.
epinephrine secretion, neurotransmission
The regulated release of epinephrine by a cell in which the epinephrine acts as a neurotransmitter.
The regulated release of aspartate by a cell in which the aspartate acts as a neurotransmitter.
The regulated release of a primary amine by a cell.
primary amine secretion, neurotransmission
The regulated release of a primary amine by a cell, in which the primary amine acts as a neurotransmitter.
norepinephrine secretion, neurotransmission
The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell, in which the norepinephrine acts as a neurotransmitter.
noradrenaline secretion, neurotransmission
gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion, neurotransmission
The regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a cell, in which the gamma-aminobutyric acid acts as a neurotransmitter.
The controlled release of glutamate by a cell, in which the glutamate acts as a neurotransmitter.
The controlled release of glycine by a cell.
The controlled release of glycine by a cell, in which glycine acts as a neurotransmitter.
The controlled release of histamine by a cell, in which the histamine acts as a neurotransmitter.
The controlled release of octopamine by a cell.
The controlled release of octopamine by a cell, in which the octopamine acts as a neurotransmitter.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a rhabdomere are generated and organized. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments.
3-demethylubiquinol-n 3-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinol-n = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinol-n.
2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase
5-demethylubiquinone-10 methyltransferase
5-demethylubiquinone-9 methyltransferase
3-demethylubiquinol-6 3-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinol-6 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinol-6.
The controlled release of a peptide from a cell in which the peptide acts as a neurotransmitter.
The regulated release of a tyramine by a cell.
The regulated release of a tyramine by a cell in which the tyramine acts as a neurotransmitter.
glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = UMP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n)-glucose-1-phosphate.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trigeminal ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the anatomical structures of ganglion are generated and organized.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for ganglion to attain its fully functional state.
The process that gives rise to ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of a ganglion. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
The process in which the anatomical structure of a trigeminal ganglion is generated and organized.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a trigeminal ganglion to attain its fully functional state.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial ganglion to attain its fully functional state.
The process in which the anatomical structure of a cranial ganglion is generated and organized.
The process that gives rise to a cranial ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
The process that gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
cranial ganglion structural organization
The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of a cranial ganglion. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
trigeminal ganglion structural organization
The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the trigeminal ganglion This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
The progression of an axon over time. Covers axonogenesis (de novo generation of an axon) and axon regeneration (regrowth), as well as processes pertaining to the progression of the axon over time (fasciculation and defasciculation).
The process of introducing a phosphate group into dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate, to produce dADP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces dATP.
The process of introducing a phosphate group into CMP, cytidine monophosphate, to produce CDP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces CTP.
The process of introducing a phosphate group into dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate, to produce dCDP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces dCTP.
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group into GDP, guanosine diphosphate, to produce GTP.
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group into UDP, uridine diphosphate, to produce UTP.
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group into dCDP to produce a dCTP.
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group into TDP to produce a TTP.
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin filament bundle.
actin filament bundle retrograde transport
A process of actin filament bundle distribution that results in the arrangement of actin filament bundles from the periphery toward the interior of the cell.
actin filament cable retrograde transport
A protein complex involved in regulation of mRNA processing and apoptosis. It binds to RNA in a sequence-independent manner and is recruited to the EJC prior to or during the splicing process. In humans the core proteins are RNPS1, SAP18 and ACIN1.
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
Binds to and increases the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase.
cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 activator activity
A protein complex that catalyzes the reaction acyl-CoA + sphingosine = CoA + N-acylsphingosine. In S. cerevisiae it contains three subunits: lag1, lac1 and lip1.
calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel
A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of a high voltage-gated calcium channel.
Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys63 residue of ubiquitin.
N-acyl homoserine lactone synthase activity
Catalyzing the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine -> [acyl-carrier- protein] + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone.
The orderly movement of a colonic epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
The orderly movement of a corneal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
The orderly movement of an intestinal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
The directed movement of a colon epithelial cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
The controlled release of orexin from a cell or a tissue.
The controlled release of orexin from a cell in which orexin acts as a neurotransmitter.
positive regulation of transcription by transcription factor localization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the localization of a transcription factor.
obsolete tRNA locus-associated negative regulation of gene expression
OBSOLETE. The chromatin silencing process that results in the inhibition of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes located in the vicinity of tRNA genes.
calcium activated phospholipid scrambling
The movement of a population of phospholipid molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.
calcium activated phosphatidylserine scrambling
The movement of a population of phosphatidylserine molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.
calcium activated phosphatidylcholine scrambling
The movement of a population of phosphatidylcholine molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.
calcium activated galactosylceramide scrambling
The movement of a population of galactosylceramide molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.
phosphatidylserine exposure on osteoblast involved in bone mineralization
A phospholipid scrambling process that results in the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the surface of osteoblasts, and contributes to bone mineralization.
Catalysis of the reaction sulfoquinovose = 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose.
Catalysis of the reaction 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose + ATP = 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose-1-phosphate + ADP.
6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose-1-phosphate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose-1-phosphate = 3-sulfolactaldehyde + dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate + NAD+ = 3-sulfolactaldehyde + NADH + H+.
obsolete cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate synthase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction GTP = cyclic pyranopterin phosphate + diphosphate.
molybdopterin adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction ATP + molybdopterin = diphosphate + adenylyl-molybdopterin.
molybdopterin molybdotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction adenylyl-molybdopterin + molybdate = molybdenum cofactor + AMP.
molybdenum cofactor cytidylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction CTP + molybdenum cofactor = diphosphate + cytidylyl molybdenum cofactor.
molybdenum cofactor guanylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction GTP + molybdenum cofactor = diphosphate + guanylyl molybdenum cofactor.
molybdopterin-synthase sulfurtransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: [Molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly-AMP + [cysteine desulfurase]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine = AMP [molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH(2)-C(O)SH + cysteine desulfurase.
molybdopterin-synthase adenylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP [molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly = diphosphate [molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly-AMP.
N-terminal protein amino acid propionylation
The propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
peptide alpha-N-propionyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-alpha-propionylpeptide. This reaction is the propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid residue of a peptide or protein.
N-terminal propionyltransferase activity
Combining with a nuclear import signal (NIS) on a cargo to be transported, to mediate transport of the cargo through the nuclear pore, from the cytoplasm to the nuclear lumen. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose-1-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde.
glycerol to glycerone phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways in which glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, is converted to glycerone phosphate.
glycerol metabolism to dihydroxyacetone phosphate
glycerol metabolism to glycerone phosphate
glycerol to dihydroxyacetone phosphate metabolic process
mannose to fructose-6-phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways in which mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, is converted to fructose-6-phosphate.
mannose metabolism to fructose-6-phosphate
galactose to glucose-1-phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways in which galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose, is converted to glucose-1-phosphate.
The glycolytic process in which glycerol is catabolized to pyruvate generating ATP and NADH.
The cellular synthesis of microRNA (miRNA) transcripts. MicroRNA genes are synthesized as primary (pri) miRNA transcripts and subsequently processed to produce the ~22nt miRNAs that function in gene regulation.
pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II
pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a monosaccharide into pyruvate, occurring through a fructose-6-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of ATP and NADH.
glycolytic process from fructose through fructose-6-phosphate
The glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate in which fructose is catabolized into pyruvate.
glycolysis from fructose through fructose-6-phosphate
Mitochondrial inner membrane complex involved in maintenance of crista junctions, inner membrane architecture, and formation of contact sites to the outer membrane. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex has six subunits: MIC10, MIC12, MIC19, MIC26, MIC27, and MIC60.
mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system
OBSOLETE. The part of the basement membrane that lies beneath the lamina densa, containing anchoring fibrils, anchoring plaques, collagen fibers, and elastic fibers.
glycolytic process from mannose through fructose-6-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannose into pyruvate, occurring through a fructose-6-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of ATP and NADH.
glycolytic process through glucose-6-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, occurring through a glucose-6-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.
The glycolytic process that begins with the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by glucokinase activity. Glycolytic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.
glycolytic process through glucose-1-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways through a glucose-1-phosphate intermediate that result in the catabolism of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.
fructose catabolic process to hydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that results in the formation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
glycolytic process through fructose-1-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose into pyruvate through a fructose-1-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of ATP and NADH.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a pharyngeal arch artery is generated and organized. The pharyngeal arch arteries are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures, the development of which give rise to several major arteries, such as the stapedial artery, the middle meningeal artery, the internal carotid artery and the pulmonary artery.
S-methylmethionine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H+.
methylmethionine:homocysteine methyltransferase activity
S-methylmethionine homocysteine transmethylase activity
Binding to a histone H3 in which the lysine residue at position 27 has been modified by trimethylation.
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
Binding to a sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any of the factors that interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription.
RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding
RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor binding
RNA polymerase II sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor binding
RNA polymerase II sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding
Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ubiquitin + S -> X + S-ubiquitin, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ubiquitin linkage is an amide bond: an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate or, in the linear extension of ubiquitin chains, a peptide bond the between the C-terminal glycine and N-terminal methionine of ubiquitin residues.
E3 involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
ubiquitin ligase activity involved in ER-associated degradation pathway
ubiquitin protein ligase activity involved in chloroplast disassembly
ubiquitin protein ligase activity involved in ERAD pathway
ubiquitin protein ligase activity involved in ER-associated degradation pathway
ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in positive regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
Isoenergetic transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to another via the reaction X-ubiquitin + Y -> Y-ubiquitin + X, where both the X-ubiquitin and Y-ubiquitin linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
RNA lariat debranching enzyme activator activity
Binds to and increases the activity of an RNA lariat debranching enzyme.
transport-coupled glycolytic process through glucose-6-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, in which the glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate intermediate coupled to transmembrane transport.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-xylose residues with release of alpha-D-xylose.
Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein complex by altering the likelihood of its assembly or disassembly.
The specialized chromatin located in the centromeric core region or the entire centromeric region in organisms with point centromeres, which is enriched for CENP-A-containing nucleosomes. This chromatin forms a 3-dimensional structure which provides a platform for kinetochore assembly and microtubule attachment.
A cytokinesis that involves a set of conserved proteins including the Cdv proteins, and results in the formation of two similarly sized and shaped cells.
A cytokinesis that involves the function of a set of proteins that are part of the microfilament or microtubule cytoskeleton.
The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal.
The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.
protein localization to CENP-A containing chromatin
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, CENP-A containing chromatin.
The part of the cell cortex consisting of an aggregation of proteins that will give rise to an endocytic vesicle.
positive regulation of glutamate neurotransmitter secretion in response to membrane depolarization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion in response to membrane depolarization, where glutamate acts as a neurotransmitter.
The modification of histone H3 at a lysine in position 9 of the histone.
The process whose specific outcome is the replacement of an existing tooth with another tooth.
ubiquitin modification-dependent histone binding
Binding to a histone protein in which a residue has been modified by ubiquitination.
ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme activity
Isoenergetic transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) from one protein to another via the reaction X-SCP + Y -> Y-SCP + X, where both the X-SCP and Y-SCP linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of SCP and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
small conjugating protein conjugating enzyme activity
Isoenergetic transfer of Atg12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-Atg12 + Y -> Y-Atg12 + X, where both the X-Atg12 and Y-Atg12 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
Isoenergetic transfer of FAT10 from one protein to another via the reaction X-FAT10 + Y -> Y-FAT10 + X, where both the X-FAT10 and Y-FAT10 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of FAT10 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
Isoenergetic transfer of ISG15 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ISG15 + Y -> Y-ISG15 + X, where both the X-ISG15 and Y-ISG15 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
Isoenergetic transfer of NEDD8 from one protein to another via the reaction X-NEDD8 + Y = Y-NEDD8 + X, where both the X-NEDD8 and Y-NEDD8 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of NEDD8 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
Isoenergetic transfer of Pup from one protein to another via the reaction X-Pup + Y -> Y-Pup + X, where both the X-Pup and Y-Pup linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of Pup and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
Isoenergetic transfer of SUMO from one protein to another via the reaction X-SUMO + Y -> Y-SUMO + X, where both the X-SUMO and Y-SUMO linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of SUMO and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
Isoenergetic transfer of UFM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-UFM1 + Y -> Y-UFM1 + X, where both the X-UFM1 and Y-UFM1 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of UFM1 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
Isoenergetic transfer of URM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-URM1 + Y -> Y-URM1 + X, where both the X-URM1 and Y-URM1 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of URM1 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ULP + S --> X + S-ULP, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ULP linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ULP linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ULP and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
Catalysis of the transfer of Atg12 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-Atg12 + S --> X + S-Atg12, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-Atg12 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-Atg12 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
Catalysis of the transfer of FAT10 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-FAT10 + S --> X + S-FAT10, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-FAT10 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-FAT10 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of FAT10 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
Catalysis of the transfer of a ISG15 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ISG15 + S --> X + S-ISG15, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ISG15 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ISG15 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
Catalysis of the transfer of NEDD8 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-NEDD8 + S = X + S-NEDD8, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-NEDD8 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-NEDD8 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of NEDD8 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
Catalysis of the transfer of Pup to a substrate protein via the reaction X-Pup + S --> X + S-Pup, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-Pup linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-Pup linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of Pup and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
Catalysis of the transfer of SUMO to a substrate protein via the reaction X-SUMO + S --> X + S-SUMO, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-SUMO linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-SUMO linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of SUMO and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
Catalysis of the transfer of UFM1 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-UFM1 + S --> X + S-UFM1, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-UFM1 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-UFM1 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of UFM1 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-URM1 + S --> X + S-URM1, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-URM1 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-URM1 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of URM1 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mitochondrial ribosome and of its subunits.
Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the absence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential.
stimulus-independent neurotransmitter secretion
Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the presence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential.
stimulus-dependant neurotransmitter secretion
A protein complex located at the mitochondrial ribosome tunnel exit that is involved in efficient translation and protein complex assembly.
Enzyme complex that in S. cerevisiae has components Dug2/Dug3 and is able to catalyze the cleavage of glutathione into glutamate and Cys-Gly.
Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.
gap filling involved in double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining
Repair of the gaps in the DNA helix using a discontinuous template during double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.
Binding to a member of the rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) family, a family of animal lectins that show specific binding activities to L-rhamnose or D-galactose.
rhamnose-binding lectin family protein binding
Binding to a member of the importin-alpha family.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate aldolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate = pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde.
2-keto-3-deoxygluconate aldolase activity
A cellular carbohydrate catabolic process that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and either glyceraldehyde or glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by dehydration and aldol cleavage via a gluconate or 6-phosphogluconate intermediate.
Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate
The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate.
Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde
The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate and yields pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde.
Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate and yields pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a seminal vesicle are generated and organized.
branching involved in seminal vesicle morphogenesis
The process in which the branching structure of the seminal vesicle is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.
The autophagy process which begins when chaperones and co-chaperones recognize a target motif and unfold the substrate protein. The proteins are then transported to the lysosome where they are degraded.
Catalysis of the reaction: diphthine methyl ester + H2O = diphthine + H+ + methanol.
hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (hercynine) + O2 = hercynylcysteine sulfoxide + H2O.
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of inorganic compounds. These include transport of such compounds away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of inorganic compounds.
glycolytic process via Entner-Doudoroff Pathway
A glycolytic process in which the glucose is catabolized to pyruvate by first entering the Entner-Doudoroff pathway to yield pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is subsequently converted to pyruvate by the core glycolytic enzymes.
An specialized occluding junction where three epithelial cells meet. It is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that run perpendicularly to the bicellular tight junction at the point of contact between three epithelial cells in an epithelial sheet.
Catalysis of the cleavage of the amide bond to release lipoic acid from a lipoylated protein.
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide. These include transport of hydrogen peroxide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.
cellular detoxification of hydrogen peroxide
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide in a cell. These include transport of hydrogen peroxide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.
alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + methylphosphonate = alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate + adenine.
alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase complex
A catalytic protein complex that is capable of alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase activity.
transferase complex, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
A transferase complex capable of catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
A protein complex that is a protein hormone secreted by gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates. capable of regulating normal growth, sexual development, and reproductive function.
protein-glutaryllysine deglutarylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(6)-glutaryl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD(+) = 2''-O-glutaryl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.
The removal of a glutaryl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO) from a residue in a peptide or protein.
The removal of a glutaryl group (CO-CH2-CH2--CH2-CO) from a glutarylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.
A multiprotein subcomplex of the GATOR complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In human, this complex consists of WDR24, WDR59, MIOS, SEH1L, and SEC13. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is referred to as SEACAT and contains the Sea2p, Sea3p, Sea4p, Seh1p, Sec13p proteins.
A spherical, bilayered proteolipid vesicle released from gram-negative bacterial outer membranes.
A cytosolic protein complex that is capable of activating caspase-1.
A protein complex that consists of an assemble of ASC dimers that is capable of inducing pyroptosis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a sucrose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules.
sucrose catabolic process to fructose-6-phosphate through glucose and fructose
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, to yield fructose-6-phosphate through both glucose and fructose intermediates.
glycolytic process from sucrose through glucose and fructose
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose into pyruvate through both glucose and fructose intermediates, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules.
The single-organism macropinocytosis process that results in the uptake of an extracellular exosome.
tRNA-5-taurinomethyluridine 2-sulfurtransferase
Catalysis of 5-taurinomethyluridine in tRNA + a [protein]-S-sulfanylcysteine + ATP + a reduced electron acceptor = a 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine in tRNA + a [protein]-L-cysteine + AMP + an oxidized electron acceptor + diphosphate + H+.
The selective autohagy process in which parts of the endoplasmic reticulum are loaded into autophagosomes, delivered to the vacuole, and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine + ATP + bicarbonate = L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate + diphosphate + H2O.
N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate + adenine(37) in tRNA = AMP + N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA.
tRNA (N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37)-C(2))-methylthiotransferase
Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA + sulfur-(sulfur carrier) + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylthio-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (sulfur carrier) + L-methionine + 5'-deoxyadenosine.
The step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired anterior neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.
Combining selectively with extracellular folic acid and delivering it into the cell via endocytosis.
OBSOLETE. The posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to the 2' oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an miRNA molecule.
The directed movement of a processed miRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, with the production of pyruvate.
glucose catabolic process to pyruvate utilizing ADP
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the utilization of ADP in the initial kinase reactions.
6-sulfoquinovose(1-) catabolic process to glycerone phosphate and 3-sulfolactaldehyde
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and 3-sulfolactaldehyde (SLA).
6-sulfoquinovose(1-) catabolic process to 3-sulfopropanediol(1-)
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and 3-sulfopropanediol(1-).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and pyruvate.
The selective autophagy process in which cellular glycogen is delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.
The selective autophagy process in which lipid droplets are delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipid droplets and hydrolysis of stored triglycerides occurring through the orchestrated activation of cytosolic lipases.
The disaggregation of a mitochondrion into its constituent components.
methylglyoxal catabolic process to lactate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into lactate.
GDP-mannose biosynthetic process from mannose
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose from mannose.
GDP-mannose biosynthetic process from fructose-6-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose from fructose-6-phosphate.
Binding to C-rich, single-stranded, telomere-associated DNA.
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity
Catalysis of the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate from ribonucleoside diphosphate, using either thioredoxin disulfide or glutaredoxin disulfide as an acceptor.
adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
aerobic non-heme iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
anaerobic iron-sulfur-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
class III ribonucleotide reductase activity
class II ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity
class II ribonucleotide reductase activity
class I ribonucleotide reductase activity
nucleoside diphosphate reductase activity
purine/pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate reduction
ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate reductase activity
ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase activity
obsolete mitochondrial acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate in the mitochondrion. The process begins with the transport of pyruvate from the cytosol to the mitochondrion where it is subsequently decarboxylated to form acetyl-CoA.
peptide-lysine-N-acetyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-acetyl-lysine-peptide.
parkin-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
A positive regulation of the macromitophagy pathway that is triggered by mitochondrial depolarization and requires the function of a parkin-family molecule.
Park2-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
PRKN-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
DNM1L-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
A positive regulation of the macromitophagy pathway that is triggered by mitochondrial depolarization and requires the function of a DNM1L-family molecule.
dynamin-like protein-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
The membrane invagination process by which an autophagosomal membrane surrounds an object that will be degraded by macroautophagy.
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by leukotriene binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
The autophagy process by which cytosolic proteins targeted for degradation are tagged with a chaperone and are directly transferred into and degraded in a late endosomal compartment.
protein lipidation involved in autophagosome assembly
The protein lipidation process by which phosphatidylethanolamine is conjugated to a protein of the ATG8 family, leading to membrane insertion of the protein as a step in autophagosome assembly.
protein targeting to lysosome involved in chaperone-mediated autophagy
The targeting of a protein to the lysosome process in which an input protein binds to a chaperone and subsequently to a lysosomal receptor.
obsolete chaperone-mediated protein transport involved in chaperone-mediated autophagy
OBSOLETE. The chaperone-mediated protein transport process in which a protein that is bound to a chaperone and a lysosomal receptor is unfolded and transported into the lysosome as part of chaperone-mediated autophagy.
chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex
A lysosomal membrane protein complex that enables the translocation of a target protein across the lysosomal membrane as part of chaperone-mediated autophagy.
chaperone-mediated autophagy receptor complex
Any process in which an organism acquires a novel neuromuscular action or movement as the result of experience.
The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli.
obsolete single-stranded DNA-dependent GTPase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of single-stranded DNA, and it drives another reaction.
Unwinding a DNA helix containing forked DNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
acid sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H+ in an acidic environment.
neutral sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H+ in a neutral environment.
Binding to long non-coding RNA molecules transcribed from subtelomeric regions in most eukaryotes. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) molecules consist of subtelomeric-derived sequences and G-rich telomeric repeats.
The localization process by which an autophagic substrate is delivered to a forming autophagosome.
substrate sequestration to autophagosome
negative regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels
Any process that reduces the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.
positive regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels
Any process that increases the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.
leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell
The attachment of a leukocyte to vascular endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.
leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell
The attachment of a leukocyte to an arterial endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.
2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity, forward reaction
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor -> 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.
alpha-ketoglutarate reductase activity, reverse reaction
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor = (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor.
2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity, reverse reaction
An defense response against a fungus mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
Binding to an alpha-latrotoxin receptor.
The series of molecular signals in which calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity enabled by a CAMKK directly activates an AMPK. The cascade begins with calmodulin binding calcium which in turn binds CAMKK enabling its calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity. The cascade ends with AMP-activated protein kinase activity.
stress-activated AMP-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
The organelle membrane fusion process in which the membrane of a multivesicular body fuses with a lysosome to create a hybrid organelle.
fusion of multivesicular body to lysosome
late endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway
The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to lysosomes by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the lysosome.
modulation by virus of host NIK/NF-kappaB cascade
Any process in which a virus effect a change in the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling in the host.
modulation by virus of host NIK/NF-kappaB signaling
positive regulation of lung blood pressure
The process that increases the force with which blood travels through the lungs.
positive regulation of pulmonary blood pressure
negative regulation of lung blood pressure
The process that decreases the force with which blood travels through the lungs.
negative regulation of pulmonary blood pressure
Catalysis of the reaction: Na+(in) + Mg2+(out) = Na+(out) + Mg2+(in).
Catalysis of the reaction: N-ribosylnicotinate + ATP = ADP + 2 H+ + nicotinate mononucleotide.
Binding to a translation elongation factor, any polypeptide factor involved in the peptide elongation in ribosome-mediated translation.
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caloric restriction, insufficient food energy intake.
xenobiotic transport across blood-nerve barrier
The directed movement of a xenobiotic through the blood-nerve barrier.
drug transport across blood-nerve barrier
drug transport across perineurial barrier
A chromatin silencing complex that recruits histone-modifying enzymes and upregulates silencing of rDNA in response to glucose starvation.
energy dependent nucleolar silencing complex
Negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion by the topological unlinking of a cohesin ring to DNA.
Facilitating a conformational change to load a cohesin complex around sister chromatids, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
A DNA binding activity in which a protein complex interacts with more than one DNA duplex to encircle the DNA molecules with a loose fitting ring.
OBSOLETE. A DNA binding activity in which a protein complex interacts selectively and non-covalently with single DNA duplex to tightly encircle the DNA.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of chloride across the membrane of an intracellular compartment. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
Subunit of the MHC class I peptide loading complex (GO:0042824) (=PLC) involved in the assembly of the heavy-chain-beta2-microglobulin dimers of the MHC class I molecules that fold with eight to ten residue peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum. Required for the inhibition of the reduction of the disulfide bonds of the heavy chains and the assembly and stabilization of the PLC, suggesting it may play a structural rather than a catalytic role.
The protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to DNA as part of the mitotic cell cycle.
Negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion by the topological unlinking of a cohesin ring to DNA as part of the mitotic cell cycle.
Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with a target membrane on another vesicle.
A catalytic activity that contributes to the degradation of peptidoglycan.
peptidoglycan N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from peptidoglycan.
An endopeptidase activity that uses peptidoglycan as a substrate.
peptidoglycan stem peptide endopeptidase activity
A peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity that acts on a stem peptide of peptidoglycan.
peptidoglycan cross-bridge peptide endopeptidase activity
A peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity that acts on a peptidoglycan cross-bridge.
Binding to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) repeats.
A process that converts unprimed dense core granules (DCVs) to a pool of primed vesicles that are capable of fusing with the plasma membrane (fusion-competent) and thereby releasing their contents. Priming typically occurs after docking.
The initial attachment of a dense core granule membrane to the plasma membrane.
A motor activity driven by GTP hydrolysis.
Steps required to transform an immature secretory vesicle into a mature secretory vesicle. Typically proceeds through homotypic membrane fusion and membrane remodelling.
A chromatin silencing complex that binds and bridges separate nucleosomal histones resulting in heterochromatin assembly and chromatin looping.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of conidium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Conidia are non-motile spores produced via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi; they are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.
Any process that reduces the pH of the Golgi lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
membrane addition at site of mitotic cytokinesis
A mitotic cell cycle process involved in the net addition of membrane at the site of cytokinesis; includes vesicle recruitment and fusion, local lipid synthesis and insertion.
A gated channel activity that enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens in response to a change in pH.
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP=(8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate.
cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate = cyclic pyranopterin phosphate + diphosphate.
A supramolecular fiber formed from fibronectin molecules. The fibrils are 5 to 25nm in diameter and can form branched meshworks.
A laminin complex composed of alpha3B, beta3 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.
The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the part of a cell that is closest to the anterior as defined by the developing, or existing, anterior/posterior axis.
The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the part of a cell that is closest to the posterior as defined by the developing, or existing, anterior/posterior axis.
mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one)
The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic prophase.
mitotic spindle elongation during mitotic prophase
mitotic spindle elongation during prophase
mitotic spindle elongation during prophase and prometaphase
mitotic spindle elongation (spindle phase three)
The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic anaphase B.
mitotic spindle elongation during anaphase
mitotic spindle elongation during mitotic anaphase
regulation of DNA recombination at centromere
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination within centromeric DNA.
positive regulation of DNA recombination at centromere
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination at the centromere.
positive regulation of centromeric recombination
negative regulation of DNA recombination at centromere
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of genetic recombination at the centromere.
negative regulation of centromeric recombination
NAD+ nucleotidase, cyclic ADP-ribose generating
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose that proceeds in a stepwise fashion by ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity followed by cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase activity.
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose without proceeding through a cyclic ADP-ribose intermediate.
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD = cyclic ADP-ribose + nicotinamide.
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic ADP-ribose + H20 = ADP-ribose (ADPR).
OBSOLETE. Binding to a ARID domain. The AT-rich interaction domain (ARID) is an ~100-amino acid DNA-binding module found in a large number of eukaryotic transcription factors.
Met1-linked polyubiquitin deubiquitinase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ubiquitin units from Met1-linked (or linear) polyubiquitin chains.
cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity, acting on linear ubiquitin
deubiquitinase, acting on linear ubiquitin
linear ubiquitin specific deubiquitinase activity
ubiquitinyl hydrolase activity, acting on linear ubiquitin
The selective autophagy process that clears 26S proteasomes; homeostatic mechanism within the ubiquitin system that modulates proteolytic capacity and eliminates damaged particles.
endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane tethering
The attachment of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane to the plasma membrane via molecular tethers.
The process of assisting in the folding of tRNAs into the correct tertiary structure.
telomeric DNA-containing double minutes formation
A telomere maintenance process that results in the formation of small fragments of circular extrachromosomal DNA elements which contain telomeric DNA. It is speculated that telomeric DNA-containing double minutes are formed through a recombination event between the telomere and chromosome-internal TTAGGG-like sequences. Telomeric DNA-containing double minutes appear as two closely positioned dots in metaphase.
A telomere loop disassembly process that results in the disassembly of telomeric D-loops. A telomeric D-loop is a three-stranded DNA displacement loop that forms at the site where the telomeric 3' single-stranded DNA overhang (formed of the repeat sequence TTAGGG in mammals) is tucked back inside the double-stranded component of telomeric DNA molecule, thus forming a t-loop or telomeric-loop and protecting the chromosome terminus.
Binding to a telomeric D-loop. A telomeric D-loop is a three-stranded DNA displacement loop that forms at the site where the telomeric 3' single-stranded DNA overhang (formed of the repeat sequence TTAGGG in mammals) is tucked back inside the double-stranded component of telomeric DNA molecule, thus forming a t-loop or telomeric-loop and protecting the chromosome terminus.
An intracellular compartmentalized cilium structure found in insect spermatids which is bounded by a membrane derived from the invagination of the cell membrane that remains associated with the primary cilium as it is internalized. The ciliary cap is maintained at the end of the axoneme distal to the centriole and is separated from the cytosolic axoneme/cytoplasm by a putative transition zone, which may extend into the ciliary cap, and include a structure at the base of the ciliary cap termed the ring centriole.
A ring-like structure observed at the base of the ciliary cap of insect spermatids. This structure may anchor the axoneme to the ciliary cap membrane and/or act as a diffusion barrier, proposed to be analogous to the annulus of mammalian sperm flagellum.
The process in which an axoneme is exposed entirely or partially to the cytoplasm or by which the cytoplasmic portion is assembled or extended. Cytosolic ciliogenesis can occur following compartmentalized ciliogenesis, in which the cilium is formed within a compartment separated from the cytoplasm.
The F-actin-rich core of an adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell.
The ring structure surrounding the podosome core, containing proteins such as vinculin and talin.
The part of the late spermatid or spermatozoon that contains the nucleus and acrosome.
Actin-based structures involved in establishing close contact between mature spermatids and Sertoli cells at the luminal end of the Sertoli cell.
Actin-based structures involved in establishing the blood-testis barrier of the Sertoli cell.
The concave part of the late spermatid head or spermatozoon head that forms the ventral portion of the head, particularly in some rodent species.
Testis-specific junction between mature spermatids and Sertoli cells at the luminal end of the Sertoli cell.
Testis-specific junction between mature Sertoli cells involved in establishing the blood-testis barrier of the Sertoli cell.
protein localization to tricellular tight junction
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a tricellular tight junction.
The part of an actin filament where the structure forks.
The surface of a migrating cell that is in contact with the substratum or cell layer.
A macromolecular fiber consisting of actin and cofilin that is formed in the nucleus as a consequence of chemical or mechanical stress conditions.
Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a neuropeptide precursor. Processing leads to the attainment of the full functional capacity of the neuropeptide.
A histone-variant containing protein complex which forms a centromere specific nucleosomal structure, involved in centromeric chromatin organization.
high-affinity ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
high-affinity ferrous iron uptake transmembrane transporter activity
high affinity ferrous uptake transmembrane transporter activity
A protein complex which transports ferrous iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions from the vacuole, the main storage component of intracellular free iron, into the cytoplasm in a low iron environment.
FET5-FTH1 high affinity iron exporter complex
FET5-FTH1 high-affinity iron exporter complex
microtubule organizing center localization
Any process in which the microtubule organizing center is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
The tissue remodeling process by which the Sertoli cell barrier is temporarily disrupted and reorganized to accommodate the transit of preleptotene spermatocytes at stage VIII of the epithelial cycle.
antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide
An immune response against microbes mediated by anti-microbial peptides in body fluid.
antimicrobial peptide-mediated antimicrobial humoral response
peptide-mediated antimicrobial humoral response
The location where a secondary projection arises from a neuron projection.
The region of the neuronal cytoplasm located in dendritic spines.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholecystokinin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholecystokinin stimulus.
Binding to telomeric G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad. The stacking of guanine tetrads results in G-quadruplex DNA structures in telomeres.
That part of the growth cone which represents the distal part of the structure.
That part of the lamellipodium which represents the distal part of the structure.
retrograde transporter complex, Golgi to ER
Transporter complex that recognises, binds and returns endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins that have trafficked to Golgi compartments. Targets proteins lacking the HDEL motif recognised by COPI-coated vesicles.
retrograde receptor complex, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum
retrograde receptor complex, Golgi to ER
retrograde transporter complex, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast migration.
positive regulation of neuroblast migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast migration.
negative regulation of neuroblast migration
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast migration.
Golgi calcium ion transmembrane transport
A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a Golgi membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced pre-emptive quality control
The response to endoplasimic reticulum stress in which nascent proteins are degraded by attenuation of their translocation into the ER followed by rerouting to the cytosol without cleavage of the signal peptide, and subsequent degradation by the proteasome.
ER stress-indiced pre-emptive quality control
Facilitating the opening of the ring structure of the PCNA complex, or any of the related sliding clamp complexes, and their removal from the DNA duplex, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
cellular response to differentiation-inducing factor 2
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)pentan-1-one stimulus.
cellular response to 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)pentan-1-one
Catalysis of the transfer of tubulin dimers to the plus end of a microtubule. The reaction is reversable depending on the availability of dimers.
The controlled release of molecules that form the basement membrane, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell.
polarized secretion of basement membrane proteins in epithelium
The basement membrane constituent secretion in which there is a restriction or targeting of basement membrane proteins for controlled release on the basal side of polarized epithelium.
obsolete negative regulation of histone H3-S10 phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of one or more phosphate groups to histone H3 on a serine residue at position 10.
establishment of mitotic spindle asymmetry
The mitotic spindle organization process by which a mitotic spindle becomes asymmetric either in position or structure.
The orderly movement of a hepatic stellate cell from one site to another.
regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell migration.
positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell migration.
negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell migration.
The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of a hepatic stellate cell.
regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell contraction.
positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell contraction.
negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction
Any process that modulates stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell contraction.
regulation of anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.
regulation of anterograde axon transport of mitochondria
positive regulation of anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion
Any process that activates or increasesthe frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.
positive regulation of anterograde axon transport of mitochondria
negative regulation of anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.
negative regulation of anterograde axon transport of mitochondria
clathrin-dependent endocytosis involved in vitellogenesis
A clathrin-mediated endocytosis process whereby yolk proteins are internalized and trafficked through the endocytic pathway for yolk deposition.
clathrin-dependent endocytosis involved in yolk formation
regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential. Mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.
positive regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential. Mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.
negative regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential. Mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.
obsolete reproduction of symbiont in host
OBSOLETE. The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms, occurring within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte activation.
negative regulation of astrocyte activation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte activation.
positive regulation of astrocyte activation
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte activation.
Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of calcium ions (Ca2+).
all-trans retinol 3,4-desaturase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinol + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = all-trans-3,4-didehydro retinol + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].
all-trans retinal 3,4-desaturase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinal + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = all-trans-3,4-didehydro retinal + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].
all-trans retinoic acid 3,4-desaturase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoic acid + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = all-trans-3,4-didehydro retinoic acid + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].
Catalysis of the reaction: 11-cis-retinal + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = 11-cis-3,4-didehydro-retinal + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].
A change in morphology and behavior of a glial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity.
negative regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity.
positive regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity
Any process that starts or increases the frequency or rate of 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity.
Any process in which an autophagosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
negative regulation of AMPA receptor activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA glutamate receptor activity.
A disk-like structure that expands, rounds up into a cup-shaped structure, and eventually closes around its cargo (for example cytoplasmic components) to become an autophagosome or Cvt vesicle.
The process in which autophagosomes, double-membraned vesicles containing cytoplasmic material, fuse with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole. Fusion provides an acidic environment and digestive function to the interior of the autophagosome.
The process in which an autophagosome fuses with an endosome to create an intermediate autophagic organelle called amphisome.
The process in which amphisomes fuse with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole. Fusion provides an acidic environment and digestive function to the interior of the amphisome.
The macroautophagy process in which specific structures are targeted by the autophagy process.
positive regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
negative regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
obsolete actin fusion focus localization
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an actin fusion focus are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. The actin fusion focus is an aster-like, F-actin-containing structure at the mating projection tip where the cell wall is degraded during conjugation with cellular fusion.
That part of the axonal growth cone which represents the distal part of the structure.
That part of the dendritic growth cone which represents the distal part of the structure.
A cellular process involving delivery of a portion of the cytoplasm to lysosomes or to the plant or fungal vacuole that does not involve direct transport through the endocytic or vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) pathways. This process typically leads to degradation of the cargo; however, it can also be used to deliver resident proteins, such as in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway.
Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-propionyl-lysine-peptide.
Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + histone = CoA + propionyl-histone.
(2S,3R,6S,9S)-(-)-protoillud-7-ene synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + (2S,3R,6S,9S)-(-)-protoillud-7-ene.
regulation of formation of radial glial scaffolds
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of radial glial scaffolds. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.
regulation of Bergmann fiber biosynthesis
regulation of radial glial scaffold formation
negative regulation of formation of radial glial scaffolds
Any process that reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of radial glial scaffolds. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.
negative regulation of Bergmann fiber biosynthesis
negative regulation of Bergmann fiber formation
negative regulation of radial glial scaffold formation
positive regulation of formation of radial glial scaffolds
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of radial glial cell scaffolds.
positive regulation of Bergmann fiber biosynthesis
positive regulation of Bergmann fiber formation
positive regulation of radial glial scaffold formation
The protein transport macromolecular complex of the chloroplast membrane that interacts with the precursor proteins and contains components of both the outer membrane and inner membrane complexes containing at least Toc75, Toc159, Toc34 and Tic110.
glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione = 5-oxoproline + L-cysteinylglycine.
gamma-glutamylaminecyclotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: epsilon-(L-gamma-glutamyl)-L-lysine = L-lysine + 5-oxo-L-proline.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte enucleation.
positive regulation of erythrocyte enucleation
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte enucleation.
negative regulation of erythrocyte enucleation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte enucleation.
regulation of adenine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenine biosynthetic process.
fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in double fertilization forming two zygotes
The binding and fusion of a sperm, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte as part of the process of double fertilization forming two zygotes.
fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm
The binding and fusion of a sperm, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte as part of the process of double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm.
protein localization to somatodendritic compartment
A process in which a protein is transported to or maintained in a location within the somatodendritic compartment.
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another using c-di-GMP as the signal.
cyclic di-(3':5')-guanosine monophosphate signaling
Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.
positive regulation of c-di-GMP signaling
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.
negative regulation of c-di-GMP signaling
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.
negative regulation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of K48-linked ubiquitination, a protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.
regulation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of protein K-48-linked ubiquitination, a protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.
The discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule before the sperm reaches to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule before the sperm reaches to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents.
negative regulation of premature acrosome loss
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule before the sperm reaches to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents.
negative regulation of spontaneous acrosome loss
establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a plasma membrane.
The process by which the midbody, the cytoplasmic bridge that connects the two prospective daughter cells, is severed at the end of mitotic cytokinesis, resulting in two separate daughter cells.
mRNA (adenine-N1-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine in mRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(1)-methyladenine in mRNA.
obsolete positive regulation of actin filament polymerization involved in sperm capacitation
OBSOLETE. Any process that icreases the rate or extent of actin polymerization as part of sperm capacitation. This process prevents a spontaneous acrosome reaction.
obsolete positive regulation of actin filament depolymerization involved in acrosome reaction
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the rate or exent of actin depolymerization as part of the acrosome reaction. This allows the acrosomal membrane and plasma membrane to fuse.
The infiltration by sperm of the cumulus oophorus to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.
A protein complex that is capable of contributing to protein localization by the NVT pathway. In fission yeast, the Nvt complex consists of Ape2, Lap2 and Nbr1.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an (R)-carnitine stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, or rate of heme oxygenase activity.
positive regulation of heme oxygenase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heme oxygenase activity.
negative regulation of heme oxygenase activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency or rate of heme oxygenase activity.
regulation of entry into reproductive diapause
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.
negative regulation of entry into reproductive diapause
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.
positive regulation of entry into reproductive diapause
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.
The initial formation of the type asymmetry in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.
The initial formation of the type asymmetry in an organism's body plan or part of an organism that established the pattern characteristic to its left side.
The organization process that preserves the asymmetry in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.
The organization process that preserves the left sidedness in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.
The organization process that preserves the right sidedness in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.
The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of another structural tissue into bone.
The process in which bone which forms superficially in the organism are generated and organized.
The process in which bone which forms deep in the organism are generated and organized.
The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial connective tissue surrounding cartilage into bone.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
articular cartilage of joint development
temporomandibular joint articular cartilage development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of temporomandibular joint articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
hip joint articular cartilage development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of hip joint articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
mandibular condyle articular cartilage development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of mandibular joint condyle articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
femoral head articular cartilage development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of femoral head articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Binding to a small regulatory RNA, a short RNA (usually 50-200 nt long) that is either independently transcribed or processed from a longer RNA by an RNAse enzyme.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-3-hydroxykynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine.
A process that contributes to the first meiotic division. The first meiotic division is the reductive division resulting in the separation of homologous chromosome pairs.
A process that coontributes to the second meiotic division. The second meiotic division separates chromatids resulting in a haploid number of chromosomes.
A process in which the presence of one nutrient source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of processes involved in the metabolism of other nutrient sources.
A process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of the metabolism of other carbon sources.
negative regulation of transcription by glucose
Any process involving glucose that decreases the frequency, rate or extent or transcription.
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
Any process involving glucose that decreases the frequency, rate or extent or transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the germ cell nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome.
The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the spem nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome.
beta-ketodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: octanoyl-CoA + a malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = a 3-oxodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CoA + CO2.
obsolete ATP-dependent chaperone mediated protein folding
OBSOLETE. The process of inhibiting aggregation and assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that is dependent on interaction with a chaperone, and dependent on ATP hydrolysis.
A protein complex that enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + H+(out) = Ca2+(out) + H+(in).
ATP-dependent protein-DNA complex displacement activity
An activity that displaces proteins or protein complexes from DNA, sometimes in a 'wire stripping' fashion, driven by ATP hydrolysis.
ATP-dependent protein-nucleic acid complex displacement activity
regulation of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition.
positive regulation of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal trnasition.
negative regulation of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition.
regulation of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity.
negative regulation of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity
Any process that decreases the frequency or rate of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The secondary palate is the part of the palate formed from the fusion of the two palatine shelves, extensions of the maxillary prominences.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primitive palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV pre-assembly complex
A protein complex that contributes to and regulates mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV (COX) formation. It acts by regulating mitochondrial COX1 translation and by promoting the assembly of COX components.
regulation of small molecule metabolic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.
positive regulation of small molecule metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.
positive regulation of small molecule metabolism
negative regulation of small molecule metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.
negative regulation of small molecule metabolism
mitotic cohesin dsDNA (leading strand) loading
The protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to dsDNA (leading strand) as part of the mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic cohesin ssDNA (lagging strand) loading
The ATP-dependent protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to ssDNA (lagging strand) which is already linked to a dsDNA (leading strand) molecule as part of the mitotic cell cycle.
collagen-containing extracellular matrix
An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells.
regulation of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
Any process that modualtes the rate, frequency or extent of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome.
negative regulation of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent catabolic process
Any process that stops or decreases the rate, frequency or extent of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome.
positive regulation of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent catabolic process
Any process that starts or increases the rate, frequency or extent of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of stress granule assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule.
positive regulation of stress granule assembly
Any process that starts or increases the rate, frequency or extent of stress-granule assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule.
negative regulation of stress granule assembly
Any process that stops or decreases the rate, frequency or extent of stress-granule assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule.
The MAPK cascade which is activated as a result of partial nutrient deprivation and which results in filamentous growth.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cichorine, a secondary metabolite found in some species of fungi.
positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation
Any process that starts or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-pipecolic acid, a metabolite of lysine.
The series of events required for an organism to receive a cold temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
The series of events required for an organism to receive a hot temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
Binding to a DNA D-loop. A D-loop is a three-stranded DNA structure formed by the invasion of a single DNA strand that base pairs with one strand of duplex DNA, while the rest of the double-stranded DNA does not unwind.
positive regulation of pheromone response MAPK cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a pheromone response MAPK cascade.
A structure lying external to microbial cells. A biofilm is an aggregate of surface-associated cells, and the biofilm matrix is the envelope of polymeric substances that surrounds the cells.
An extracellular matrix lying external to fungal cells. The fungal biofilm matrix consists of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Fungal biofilms mediate adherence to host tissues, and provide protection from host immune defenses.
positive regulation of meiotic sister chromatid arm separation
Any process that increases the rate or exent of meiotic sister chromatid arm separation, the cell cycle process in which sister chromatid arms are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
positive regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Any process that starts or increases the rate, frequency or extent of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
negative regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Any process that stops or decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + pyruvate= epsilon-amino-alpha-ketocaproic acid (KAC) + alanine.
Catalysis of the reaction: dehydropipecolic acid + NAD(P)H + H+ = L-pipecolic acid + NAD(P)+.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-pipecolic acid + NAD(P)H + O2 + H+ = N-hydroxypipecolic acid + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
A homo- or heterotrimeric protein containing complex consisting of alpha and beta lymphotoxin subunits in different stoichiometric combinations.
A protein-containing complex that inhibits protein phosphatase activity by directly binding to a protein phosphatase.
GPI-mannose ethanolamine phosphate phosphodiesterase activity
A phosphoric diester hydrolase activity that removes the ethanolamine phosphate from mannose 2 of a GPI anchor.
A protein-containing complex that functions to transport lipopolysaccharide from its site of synthesis at the cytoplasmic membrane across the periplasm to the outer membrane in an ATP-dependent manner.
The sequence of events that initiates (or primes) the synthesis of semi-crystalline starch granules within photosynthetic chloroplasts or non-photosynthetic amyloplasts.
Enables the facilitated diffusion of fluoride (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
A regulation of the phtosynthetic light reaction in which the light harvesting antenna complexes transition between photosystems.
compound eye pigment cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye pigment cell, a cell of the retina containing screening pigments that functions to screen photoreceptors from light leaking from adjacent ommatidia.
L-aspartate:fumarate antiporter activity
Enables the transport of L-aspartate and fumarate across a membrane according to the reaction L-aspartate (out) + fumarate (in) = L-aspartate (in) + fumarate (out).
transcription factor TFIIH holo complex binding
Binding to a transcription factor TFIIH holo complex.
NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex binding
Binding to a NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex.
oligosaccharyltransferase complex binding
Binding to an oligosaccharyltransferase complex.
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II binding
Binding to a PSII associated light-harvesting complex II.
Binding to a chloroplast photosystem II.
A transcription factor complex composed of a homeodomain protein and the M-specific peptide Mi that acts at the regulatory region of genes required for the activation of meiosis.
Binding to a histone H3 in which the lysine residue at position 9 has been modified by trimethylation.
A protein-containing complex composed of a stem-loop binding protein (in most species SLBP) and its interacting partner (SLIP1 or MIF4GD in most species) that binds to the histone mRNA (hmRNA) 3-prime-stem-loop structure. Facilitates hmRNA translation initiation and may also be involved in its processing and nuclear export.
An area where exine is reduced or absent, in the pollen wall.
The cellular component assembly process of forming pollen apertures, areas where exine is reduced or absent, in the pollen cell wall.
Catalysis of the reaction: (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. Can also use a substrate with 3 double bonds (a (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA) and add a fourth double bond (a (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoA).
A protein complex capable of catalysing the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA + H2O + NADP+.
A protein complex essential for autophagy during nutrient deprivation, a catabolic process that sequesters undesired cellular material into autophagosomes for delivery to lysosomes for degradation. Contributes to nutrition homeostasis and damage control in eukaryotic cells. Functions at a late step of autophagosome formation for efficient completion of sequestration, probably through facilitating recruitment of ATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to the preautophagosomal structure (PAS) and/or its protection from deconjugation by ATG4. Composed of ATG2 and ATG18 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
inhibitory MHC class Ib receptor activity
Combining with a MHC class Ib protein complex to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.
activating MHC class Ib receptor activity
Combining with a MHC class Ib protein complex to mediate signaling that activates a lymphocyte.
HLA-E specific inhibitory MHC class Ib receptor activity
Combining with a MHC class Ib molecule of the HLA-A subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.
HLA-G specific inhibitory MHC class Ib receptor activity
Combining with a MHC class Ib molecule of the HLA-G subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.
regulation of capsule polysaccharide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
positive regulation of capsule polysaccharide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.
positive regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.
negative regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.
regulation of taurine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of taurine biosynthesis.
positive regulation of taurine biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of taurine biosynthesis.
A protein complex located in the chloroplast inner membrane and facing the stroma that is associated with the chloroplast inner membrane translocase complex and provides the ATPase motor activity to drive import of proteins into the chloroplast stroma.
TIC complex associated chloroplast protein import motor
A cytosolic complex that functions as an substrate-specific adaptor, linking the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) targeting complex to apo-Rli1p, an ABC protein involved in ribosome recycling, facilitating Fe-S cluster insertion and the maturation of the Rli1p.
The selective autophagy process in which a damaged lysosome is degraded by macroautophagy.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomach over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stomach is an expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ.
endoplasmic reticulum-peroxisome tethering
The attachment of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane to a peroxisome via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other.
The disaggregation of a kinetochore into its constituent components.
The cellular metabolic process in which organic chemical compounds are synthesized from carbon-containing molecules and nutrients using energy obtained from the oxidation of inorganic compounds or methane.
regulation of programmed necrotic cell death
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed necrotic cell death.
negative regulation of programmed necrotic cell death
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed necrotic cell death.
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed necrotic cell death.
peptidyl-aspartic acid 3-dioxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 3-hydroxy-L-aspartate + succinate + CO2.
aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase activity
aspartylpeptide beta-dioxygenase activity
peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase activity
peptide-L-aspartate,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) activity
female germline stem cell symmetric division
Division of a female germline stem cell to produce two germline stem cells of the same type as the parent.
Binding to a region of RNA containing a Pumilio-response element element. The consensus sequence for the element is UGUAAAUA.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + RNA containing 2'-O-methylribonucleotide.
regulation of protein localization to non-growing cell tip
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to a non-growing cell tip.
negative regulation of protein localization to non-growing cell tip
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to a non-growing cell tip.
regulation of DNA recombinase disassembly
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of DNA recombinase disassembly, the disaggregation of a DNA recombinase complex into its constituent components.
negative regulation of DNA recombinase disassembly
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombinase complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a DNA recombinase complex into its constituent components.
The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol, across an organelle membrane, into the organelle.
fatty acid primary amide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid primary amide.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of an eary phagosome.
A chloroplast-derived plastid in which the solid form of phenol is stored.
A protein complex that associates with chromatin to form linear elements in fission yeast. In S. pombe, the LinE complex contains four main structural components (Rec10, Rec25, Rec27, and Mug20) and other associated proteins.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components during meiotic prophase to form a LinE complex, the protein complex that associates with chromatin to form linear elements in fission yeast. In S. pombe, the LinE complex contains four main structural components (Rec10, Rec25, Rec27, and Mug20) and other associated proteins.
The meiotic cell cycle chromosome organization process in which LinE complexes closely associate with chromatin during meiotic prophase to form mature linear elements.
histone H3K37 methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 37) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 37). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 37 of the histone H3 protein.
histone-H3K37 methyltransferase activity
histone lysine N-methyltransferase activity (H3-K37 specific)
histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K37 specific)
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of linear element maturation.
Combining with 4-hydroxybutyrte to initiate a change in cell activity.
regulation of mitochondrial gene expression
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA).
fatty acid primary amide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform primary fatty amides.
fatty acid primary amide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary fatty amides.
A heterodimer involved in the stabilization of DNA recombination intermediates, the promotion of crossover recombination, and the proper assembly of the synaptonemal complex in meiotic prophase nuclei. In yeast the complex consists of two subunits, Msh4 and Msh5.
Any constituent part of a chitin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous extracellular matrix secreted from the apical surface of an epithelial sheet.
A extracellular matrix which attaches an organism to a substrate.
3-butenylglucosinolate 2-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: gluconapin + a reduced electron acceptor + O2 = xi-progoitrin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.
But-3-enyl Glucosinolate-2-hydroxylase activity
regulation of L-glutamine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of L-glutamine biosynthesis.
negative regulation of L-glutamine biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine biosynthesis.
positive regulation of L-glutamine biosynthetic process
Any process that starts, increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine biosynthesis.
low-density lipoprotein receptor complex
A plasma membrane protein complex capable of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity. It may also bind xenobiotic toxins and deliver them into the cell via endocytosis. While most substrates get degraded via the endosome the receptor is recycled to the plasma membrane. It may also act as a transducer of intracellular signal pathways and often acts in corporation with other cell-surface receptors.
low-density lipoprotein particle receptor complex
Any protein complex that is part of a membrane and which functions as a cargo receptor.
camera-type eye photoreceptor cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in a camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
A septin collar in pathogenic fungi involved in the constriction of hyphae at the plant plasmodesma enabling penetration of an adjacent cell.
A protein-containing complex that functions with the RNA exosome and contributes to the degradation of abberant transcripts.
L-beta-ethynylserine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-beta-ethynylserine. L-beta-ethynylserine is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-propargylglycine (Pra). L-propargylglycine is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces bacteria.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate = chloride + H+ + L-propargylglycine.
L-propargylglycine--L-glutamate ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + L-propargylglycine = ADP + H+ + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-propargylglycine + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chloro-L-lysine + AH2 + O2 = A + formaldehyde + H2O + L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate + NH4(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + chloride + H+ + L-lysine + O2 = 4-chloro-L-lysine + CO2 + H2O + succinate.
L-gamma-glutamyl-L-propargylglycine hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-propargylglycine + O2 = CO2 + L-gamma-glutamyl-(3R)-L-beta-ethynylserine + succinate.
detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain
The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
amorpha-4,11-diene 12-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction:(+)-amorpha-4,11-diene + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = (+)-artemisinate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].
A protein-containing complex that is capable of catalase activity.
mRNA (cytidine-5-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in mRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = a 5-methylcytidine in mRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
mRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity
C5-methylcytidine-containing RNA binding
Binding to an RNA molecule modified by C5-methylcytidine.
C5-methylcytosine-containing RNA binding
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + H2O + N6-methyl-AMP = IMP + methylamine. Can also use N6-methyl-dAMP as a substrate.
A protein-containing complex that serves as a channel for the secretion of curli. Curli are a fibers that serve as a major component of the extracellular matrix of pellicle biofilms.
mitochondrial ATP-gated potassium channel activity
Enables the ATP-dependent diffusion of a potassium ion across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
mitochondrial potassium channel activity
mitochondrial ATP-gated potassium channel complex
A protein-containing complex that is capable of the ATP-dependent diffusion of a potassium ion across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: chloride(out) + proton(in) = chloride(in) + proton(out).
A non-membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally. One of its functions is osmoregulatory.
A cellular anatomical entity which is a network of tubules and vessicles and is part of the contractile vacuole complex. It is involved in the discharge of water externally. One of its functions is osmoregulatory.
regulation of pyocyanine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a pyocyanine biosynthetic process.
regulation of pyocyanin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of pyocyanine biosynthetic process
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a pyocyanine biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of pyocyanin biosynthetic process
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form a tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection.
regulation of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly.
positive regulation of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pseudohyphal septin ring formation.
negative regulation of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly.
A protein-containing complex composed of six subunits of each of the three homologous polypeptide chains C1QA, C1QB, and C1QB. It is a subunit of the complement C1 complex. In addition to complement activation, C1q appears to have roles in homeostasis and cellular development, superoxide (O2-) production by neutrophils, blood coagulation and neurological synapse pruning.
negative regulation of plus-end directed microtubule sliding
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plus-end directed microtubule sliding.
regulation of plus-end directed microtubule sliding
Any process that mediates the frequency, rate, or extent of plus-end directed microtubule sliding.
The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform lutein.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lutein.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lutein.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which living organisms transform brexanolone.
allotetrahydroprogesterone metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brexanolone.
allotetrahydroprogesterone biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of brexanolone.
allotetrahydroprogesterone catabolic process
A DNA metabolic process that results in the disassembly of R-loops. R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures consisitng of an RNA:DNA heteroduplex and a looped-out non-template strand. Aberrant formation and persistence of R-loops block transcription elongation and cause DNA damage. Mechanisms that resolve R-loops are essential for genome stability.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the radial spoke, a protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of the ciliary or flagellum axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules.
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-23 of any form of vitamin D.
25-hydroxycholecalciferol-23-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = (23S)-23,25-dihydroxycalciol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].
1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 23-hydroxylase activity
Catatlysis of the reaction: calcitriol + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = 1alpha,23S,25-trihydroxycholecalciferol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].
all-trans retinoic acid 4-hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = all-trans-(4S)-hydroxyretinoate + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].
all-trans retinoic acid 18-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoate + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].
testosterone 16-beta-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + testosterone = 16beta,17beta-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].
Catalysis of the reaction:2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] + secalciferol = calcitetrol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].
Catalysis of the epoxidation of double bonds of the arachidonoyl moiety of anandamide.
arachidonoylethanolamide epoxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamine + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + N-(8,9-epoxy-5Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl)-ethanolamine + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].
Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamine + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + N-(11,12-epoxy-5Z,8Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl)-ethanolamine + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].
Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamine + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + N-(14,15-epoxy-5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl)-ethanolamine + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the exopolysaccharide galactoxylomannan. Galactoxylomannan is produced by a pathogenic fungus and causes paralysis in some animals.
glucuronoxylomannogalactan biosynthetic process
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-L-rhamnose = beta-L-rhamnose.
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-ribopyranose = beta-D-ribofuranose.
A microtubule minus end that is part of a cytoplasmic microtubule.
The organization process that preserves a microtubule bundle in a stable functional or structural state.
Any process that modulates the size of a lysosome.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
obsolete rDNA replication pause site heterochromatin
OBSOLETE. A region of heterochromatin associated with sites in rDNA repeats where replication forks pause.
An intracellular signaling pathway that regulates interphase polarized growth and cell separation at the end of cytokinesis through activation of the NDR1/2-related kinase.
A cellular anatomical entity that is part of the actin cytoskeleton and results in a wave-like propagation of actin networks. It consists of dynamic structures traveling on the ventral (substrate-attached) side of the cell during cell migration, cytokinesis, adhesion and neurogenesis.
Labd-13(16),14-diene-9-ol synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: peregrinol diphosphate = diphosphate + labd-13(16),14-diene-9-ol.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + peregrinol diphosphate = diphosphate + viteagnusin D.
Catalysis of the reaction:9alpha-copalyl diphosphate + H2O = (13S)-vitexifolin A + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = diphosphate + miltiradiene.
Catalysis of the reaction: 8-hydroxycopalyl diphosphate = (13R)-manoyl oxide + diphosphate.
regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway.
positive regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway.
spatial regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
Any process that modulates the distribution of sites along the chromosome where meiotic DNA double-strand break formation takes place as part of reciprocal meiotic recombination.
regulation of spatial distribution of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
regulation of spatial distribution of meiotic DSB formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
The regeneration process by which a damaged or lost shoot regrows or re-differentiates. This process may occur via de-differentiation and subsequent reprogramming of somatic cells or activation of existing undifferentiated (meristematic) cells to produce a new shoot meristem and subsequently a new shoot.
The the regeneration process by which a damaged or lost root regrows or re-differentiates. This process may occur via de-differentiation and subsequent reprogramming of somatic cells or activation of existing undifferentiated (meristematic) cells to form a new root meristem and subsequently new root.
regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation from early origin
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of firing from an early origin of replication involved in mitotic DNA replication.
regulation of early replication origin firing
Catalysis of the reaction: peroxynitrite = nitrate.
regulation of somatic muscle development
Any process that regulates the rate, frequency or extent of somatic muscle development.
positive regulation of somatic muscle development
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of somatic muscle development.
negative regulation of somatic muscle development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of somatic muscle development.
regulation of adult somatic muscle development
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of adult somatic muscle development.
positive regulation of adult somatic muscle development
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of adult somatic muscle development.
negative regulation of adult somatic muscle development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of adult somatic muscle development.
regulation of larval somatic muscle development
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development.
negative regulation of larval somatic muscle development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development.
positive regulation of larval somatic muscle development
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prostanoids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of F2-isoprostane.
platelet activating factor catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of platelet activating factor, 2-O-acetyl-1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.
2-O-acetyl-1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine catabolic process
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal basal plate.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an ionocyte. Ionocytes are specialized epithelial cells that contribute to osmotic homeostasis.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the postsynapse, the part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell.
A DNA-binding ribonucleoprotein complex that contains a lncRNA complementary to the bound chromosomal locus and is involved in the tethering homologous chromosomes together during chromosome pairing at meiotic prophase I.
heterochromatin-nuclear membrane anchor activity
Binding to heterochromatin and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to establish and maintain the heterochromatin location and organization.
heterochromatin-nuclear membrane tether activity
nuclear membrane-heterochromatin anchor activity
nuclear membrane-heterochromatin tether activity
euchromatin-nuclear membrane anchor activity
Binding to euchromatin and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to establish and maintain the euchromatin location and organization.
euchromatin-nuclear membrane tether activity
nuclear membrane-euchromatin anchor activity
nuclear membrane-euchromatin tether activity
double strand break-nuclear membrane anchor activity
Binding to DNA double strand breaks and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to facilitate DNA repair.
double membrane vesicle viral factory membrane
One of the two endoplasmic reticulum-derived lipid bilayer membranes that bound a double membrane vesicle viral factory.
membrane of double membrane vesicle viral factory
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane
The outer of the two endoplasmic reticulum-derived lipid bilayer membranes that bound a double membrane vesicle viral factory.
outer membrane of double membrane vesicle viral factory
double membrane vesicle viral factory lumen
The volume surrounded by the inner membrane of a double membrane vesicle viral factory.
lumen of double membrane vesicle viral factory
double membrane vesicle viral factory inner membrane
The inner of the two endoplasmic reticulum-derived lipid bilayer membranes that bound a double membrane vesicle viral factory.
inner membrane of double membrane vesicle viral factory
The volume enclosed by an exocytic vesicle.
A intracellular vesicle that is part of a chloroplast.
The process of producing a cleistothecium, a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci. Cleistothecia are present in some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly.
down regulation of membrane ruffle formation
negative regulation of membrane ruffle formation
negative regulation of membrane ruffling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly.
positive regulation of membrane ruffle formation
positive regulation of membrane ruffling
up regulation of membrane ruffle formation
regulation of pectin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pectin biosynthetic process.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in calcium-mediated signaling
OBSOLETE. Any regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in calcium-mediated signaling.
regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.
regulation of cell spreading during cell substrate adhesion
regulation of substrate adhesion dependent cell spreading
negative regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.
down regulation of cell spreading during cell substrate adhesion
down regulation of substrate adhesion dependent cell spreading
down regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading
negative regulation of cell spreading during cell substrate adhesion
negative regulation of substrate adhesion dependent cell spreading
positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.
positive regulation of cell spreading during cell substrate adhesion
positive regulation of substrate adhesion dependent cell spreading
up regulation of cell spreading during cell substrate adhesion
up regulation of substrate adhesion dependent cell spreading
up regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly.
positive regulation of protein kinase C activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase C activity.
The pattern specification process in which the polarity of a body or organ axis is established and maintained.
intracellular protein transmembrane transport
The directed movement of proteins in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
intracellular membrane translocation of a protein
intracellular protein membrane transport
intracellular protein transport across a membrane
regulation of D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity.
regulation of sphingosine kinase activity
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex.
cellular protein-containing complex assembly
positive regulation of D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity.
positive regulation of sphingosine kinase activity
up regulation of D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity
up regulation of sphingosine kinase activity
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex.
negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.
down regulation of cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response
down regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response
negative regulation of cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and lipids to form a protein-lipid complex.
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response
up regulation of cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response
up regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response
obsolete phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 5 residues involved in recruitment of mRNA capping enzyme to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex
OBSOLETE. Any phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 5 residues that is involved in recruitment of mRNA capping enzyme to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex.
Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase C activity.
Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.
positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.
positive regulation of adrenocorticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor activity
positive regulation of CRF receptor activity
positive regulation of CRH receptor activity
up regulation of adrenocorticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
up regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor activity
up regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
obsolete cellular response to potassium ion involved in chemotaxis to cAMP
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of 3',5'-cAMP that results in a change in state or activity (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.
extracellular membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell.
extracellular membrane-enclosed organelle
obsolete cellular response to calcium ion involved in chemotaxis to cAMP
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of 3',5'-cAMP that results in a change in state or activity (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.
regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.
regulation of cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response
obsolete negative regulation of extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation involved in replicative cell aging.
obsolete positive regulation of extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation involved in replicative cell aging.
regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.
regulation of adrenocorticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor activity
negative regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.
down regulation of adrenocorticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
down regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor activity
down regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
down regulation of CRF receptor activity
down regulation of CRH receptor activity
negative regulation of adrenocorticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
negative regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor activity
negative regulation of CRF receptor activity
negative regulation of CRH receptor activity
negative regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type endopeptidase activity.
down regulation of blood coagulation factor activity
down regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity
negative regulation of blood coagulation factor activity
positive regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type endopeptidase activity.
positive regulation of blood coagulation factor activity
up regulation of blood coagulation factor activity
up regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity
positive regulation of dendrite development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.
obsolete regulation of extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation involved in replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation involved in replicative cell aging.
regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.
negative regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.
down regulation of anthocyanin breakdown
down regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process
down regulation of anthocyanin catabolism
down regulation of anthocyanin degradation
negative regulation of anthocyanin breakdown
negative regulation of anthocyanin catabolism
negative regulation of anthocyanin degradation
positive regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.
positive regulation of anthocyanin breakdown
positive regulation of anthocyanin catabolism
positive regulation of anthocyanin degradation
up regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process
up regulation of anthocyanin degradation
regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type endopeptidase activity.
regulation of blood coagulation factor activity
negative regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a ceramide biosynthetic process.
down regulation of ceramide biosynthesis
down-regulation of ceramide biosynthesis
downregulation of ceramide biosynthetic process
down regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process
down-regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process
inhibition of ceramide biosynthetic process
negative regulation of ceramide anabolism
negative regulation of ceramide biosynthesis
negative regulation of ceramide formation
negative regulation of ceramide synthesis
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in calcium-mediated signaling
OBSOLETE. Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in calcium-mediated signaling.
obsolete regulation of replicative cell aging
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replicative cell aging.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peroxisome organization.
regulation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity
regulation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leaf senescence.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leaf senescence.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sulfate assimilation.
regulation of sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by an oxidoreductase, acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
regulation of sulphate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulphate reduction by an oxidoreductase, acting on sulphur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
positive regulation of sulfate assimilation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfate assimilation.
activation of sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by an oxidoreductase, acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
activation of sulphate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulphate reduction by an oxidoreductase, acting on sulphur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
positive regulation of sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by an oxidoreductase, acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
positive regulation of sulphate assimilation
positive regulation of sulphate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulphate reduction by an oxidoreductase, acting on sulphur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
upregulation of sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by an oxidoreductase, acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
up regulation of sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by an oxidoreductase, acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
up-regulation of sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by an oxidoreductase, acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
upregulation of sulphate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulphate reduction by an oxidoreductase, acting on sulphur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
up regulation of sulphate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulphate reduction by an oxidoreductase, acting on sulphur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
up-regulation of sulphate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulphate reduction by an oxidoreductase, acting on sulphur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
regulation of retinoic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid biosynthetic process.
regulation of retinoic acid anabolic process
negative regulation of retinoic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid biosynthetic process.
downregulation of retinoic acid anabolic process
down regulation of retinoic acid anabolic process
down-regulation of retinoic acid anabolic process
downregulation of retinoic acid biosynthetic process
down regulation of retinoic acid biosynthetic process
down-regulation of retinoic acid biosynthetic process
inhibition of retinoic acid anabolic process
inhibition of retinoic acid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of retinoic acid anabolic process
positive regulation of retinoic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid biosynthetic process.
activation of retinoic acid anabolic process
activation of retinoic acid biosynthetic process
positive regulation of retinoic acid anabolic process
upregulation of retinoic acid anabolic process
up regulation of retinoic acid anabolic process
up-regulation of retinoic acid anabolic process
upregulation of retinoic acid biosynthetic process
up regulation of retinoic acid biosynthetic process
up-regulation of retinoic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf senescence.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis.
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone exchange.
obsolete negative regulation of histone exchange
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone exchange.
obsolete positive regulation of histone exchange
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone exchange.
regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination.
regulation of protein K63-linked polyubiquitination
negative regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination.
downregulation of protein K63-linked polyubiquitination
down regulation of protein K63-linked polyubiquitination
down-regulation of protein K63-linked polyubiquitination
downregulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination
down regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination
down-regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination
inhibition of protein K63-linked polyubiquitination
inhibition of protein K63-linked ubiquitination
negative regulation of protein K63-linked polyubiquitination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis.
obsolete leptin-mediated signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of appetite
OBSOLETE. Any leptin-mediated signaling pathway that is involved in negative regulation of appetite.
positive regulation of cellular response to heat
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat.
activation of cellular response to heat stress
positive regulation of cellular response to heat stress
upregulation of cellular response to heat
up regulation of cellular response to heat
up-regulation of cellular response to heat
upregulation of cellular response to heat stress
up regulation of cellular response to heat stress
up-regulation of cellular response to heat stress
regulation of cellular response to hypoxia
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hypoxia.
regulation of cellular response to hypoxic stress
regulation of cellular response to lowered oxygen tension
negative regulation of cellular response to hypoxia
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hypoxia.
downregulation of cellular response to hypoxia
down regulation of cellular response to hypoxia
down-regulation of cellular response to hypoxia
downregulation of cellular response to hypoxic stress
down regulation of cellular response to hypoxic stress
down-regulation of cellular response to hypoxic stress
downregulation of cellular response to lowered oxygen tension
down regulation of cellular response to lowered oxygen tension
down-regulation of cellular response to lowered oxygen tension
inhibition of cellular response to hypoxia
inhibition of cellular response to hypoxic stress
inhibition of cellular response to lowered oxygen tension
negative regulation of cellular response to hypoxic stress
negative regulation of cellular response to lowered oxygen tension
positive regulation of cellular response to hypoxia
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hypoxia.
activation of cellular response to hypoxia
activation of cellular response to hypoxic stress
activation of cellular response to lowered oxygen tension
positive regulation of cellular response to hypoxic stress
positive regulation of cellular response to lowered oxygen tension
upregulation of cellular response to hypoxia
up regulation of cellular response to hypoxia
up-regulation of cellular response to hypoxia
upregulation of cellular response to hypoxic stress
up regulation of cellular response to hypoxic stress
up-regulation of cellular response to hypoxic stress
upregulation of cellular response to lowered oxygen tension
up regulation of cellular response to lowered oxygen tension
up-regulation of cellular response to lowered oxygen tension
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trichome patterning.
regulation of trichome pattern biosynthesis
regulation of trichome pattern formation
regulation of trichome pattern specification
negative regulation of trichome patterning
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trichome patterning.
down regulation of trichome distribution
down-regulation of trichome distribution
downregulation of trichome pattern biosynthesis
down regulation of trichome pattern biosynthesis
down-regulation of trichome pattern biosynthesis
downregulation of trichome pattern formation
down regulation of trichome pattern formation
down-regulation of trichome pattern formation
downregulation of trichome pattern specification
down regulation of trichome pattern specification
down-regulation of trichome pattern specification
inhibition of trichome pattern biosynthesis
inhibition of trichome pattern formation
inhibition of trichome pattern specification
negative regulation of trichome distribution
negative regulation of trichome pattern biosynthesis
negative regulation of trichome pattern formation
negative regulation of trichome pattern specification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat.
regulation of cellular response to heat stress
negative regulation of cellular response to heat
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat.
downregulation of cellular response to heat
down regulation of cellular response to heat
down-regulation of cellular response to heat
downregulation of cellular response to heat stress
down regulation of cellular response to heat stress
down-regulation of cellular response to heat stress
inhibition of cellular response to heat stress
negative regulation of cellular response to heat stress
negative regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.
downregulation of raffinose biosynthesis
down regulation of raffinose biosynthesis
down-regulation of raffinose biosynthesis
downregulation of raffinose biosynthetic process
down regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process
down-regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process
inhibition of raffinose biosynthetic process
negative regulation of raffinose anabolism
negative regulation of raffinose biosynthesis
negative regulation of raffinose formation
negative regulation of raffinose synthesis
positive regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.
activation of raffinose biosynthetic process
positive regulation of raffinose anabolism
positive regulation of raffinose biosynthesis
positive regulation of raffinose formation
positive regulation of raffinose synthesis
upregulation of raffinose biosynthetic process
up regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process
up-regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in determination of left/right symmetry
OBSOLETE. Any regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in determination of left/right symmetry.
regulation of dosage compensation by inactivation of X chromosome
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome.
regulation of inositol biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.
regulation of myo-inositol biosynthetic process
regulation of vitamin Bh biosynthetic process
negative regulation of inositol biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.
down regulation of inositol biosynthesis
down-regulation of inositol biosynthesis
downregulation of inositol biosynthetic process
down regulation of inositol biosynthetic process
down-regulation of inositol biosynthetic process
downregulation of myo-inositol biosynthesis
down regulation of myo-inositol biosynthesis
down-regulation of myo-inositol biosynthesis
downregulation of myo-inositol biosynthetic process
down regulation of myo-inositol biosynthetic process
down-regulation of myo-inositol biosynthetic process
downregulation of vitamin Bh biosynthesis
down regulation of vitamin Bh biosynthesis
down-regulation of vitamin Bh biosynthesis
downregulation of vitamin Bh biosynthetic process
down regulation of vitamin Bh biosynthetic process
down-regulation of vitamin Bh biosynthetic process
inhibition of inositol biosynthetic process
inhibition of myo-inositol biosynthetic process
inhibition of vitamin Bh biosynthetic process
negative regulation of inositol anabolism
negative regulation of inositol biosynthesis
negative regulation of inositol formation
negative regulation of inositol synthesis
negative regulation of myo-inositol biosynthesis
negative regulation of myo-inositol biosynthetic process
negative regulation of vitamin Bh biosynthesis
negative regulation of vitamin Bh biosynthetic process
positive regulation of inositol biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.
activation of inositol biosynthetic process
activation of myo-inositol biosynthetic process
activation of vitamin Bh biosynthetic process
positive regulation of inositol anabolism
positive regulation of inositol biosynthesis
positive regulation of inositol formation
positive regulation of inositol synthesis
positive regulation of myo-inositol biosynthesis
positive regulation of myo-inositol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of vitamin Bh biosynthesis
positive regulation of vitamin Bh biosynthetic process
upregulation of inositol biosynthetic process
up regulation of inositol biosynthetic process
up-regulation of inositol biosynthetic process
upregulation of myo-inositol biosynthesis
up regulation of myo-inositol biosynthesis
up-regulation of myo-inositol biosynthesis
upregulation of myo-inositol biosynthetic process
up regulation of myo-inositol biosynthetic process
up-regulation of myo-inositol biosynthetic process
up regulation of vitamin Bh biosynthesis
up-regulation of vitamin Bh biosynthesis
upregulation of vitamin Bh biosynthetic process
up regulation of vitamin Bh biosynthetic process
up-regulation of vitamin Bh biosynthetic process
regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.
regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation.
regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation
regulation of tyrosine autophosphorylation
negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation.
downregulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
down regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
down-regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
downregulation of receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation
down regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation
down-regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation
downregulation of tyrosine autophosphorylation
down regulation of tyrosine autophosphorylation
down-regulation of tyrosine autophosphorylation
inhibition of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation
inhibition of tyrosine autophosphorylation
negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation
negative regulation of tyrosine autophosphorylation
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation.
activation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
activation of receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation
activation of tyrosine autophosphorylation
positive regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation
positive regulation of tyrosine autophosphorylation
upregulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
up regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
up-regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
upregulation of receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation
up regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation
up-regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation
upregulation of tyrosine autophosphorylation
up regulation of tyrosine autophosphorylation
up-regulation of tyrosine autophosphorylation
positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
Any signalling pathway that increases or activates a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
activation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
up regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of arginine biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arginine biosynthetic process.
activation of arginine biosynthetic process
positive regulation of arginine anabolism
positive regulation of arginine biosynthesis
positive regulation of arginine formation
positive regulation of arginine synthesis
upregulation of arginine biosynthetic process
up regulation of arginine biosynthetic process
up-regulation of arginine biosynthetic process
regulation of arginine catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arginine catabolic process.
negative regulation of arginine catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arginine catabolic process.
downregulation of arginine catabolic process
down regulation of arginine catabolic process
down-regulation of arginine catabolic process
inhibition of arginine catabolic process
negative regulation of arginine breakdown
negative regulation of arginine catabolism
negative regulation of arginine degradation
obsolete regulation of Sertoli cell proliferation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Sertoli cell proliferation.
regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.
negative regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.
downregulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
down regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
down-regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
inhibition of cellular response to insulin stimulus
positive regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.
activation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
upregulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
up regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
up-regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
regulation of arginine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arginine biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of sulfite transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfite transport.
positive regulation of sulphite transport
regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission.
negative regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission.
downregulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission
down regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission
down-regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission
inhibition of neuromuscular synaptic transmission
positive regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission.
activation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission
upregulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission
up regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission
up-regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission
negative regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alkalinity.
downregulation of cellular response to alkaline pH
down regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH
down-regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH
downregulation of cellular response to alkalinity
down regulation of cellular response to alkalinity
down-regulation of cellular response to alkalinity
downregulation of cellular response to basic pH
down regulation of cellular response to basic pH
down-regulation of cellular response to basic pH
inhibition of cellular response to alkaline pH
inhibition of cellular response to alkalinity
inhibition of cellular response to basic pH
negative regulation of cellular response to alkalinity
negative regulation of cellular response to basic pH
regulation of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response.
regulation of cellular response to hyperosmotic salt stress
negative regulation of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response.
downregulation of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response
down regulation of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response
down-regulation of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response
downregulation of cellular response to hyperosmotic salt stress
down regulation of cellular response to hyperosmotic salt stress
down-regulation of cellular response to hyperosmotic salt stress
inhibition of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response
inhibition of cellular response to hyperosmotic salt stress
negative regulation of cellular response to hyperosmotic salt stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sulfite transport.
positive regulation of peroxisome organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peroxisome organization.
activation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity
activation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity
positive regulation of peroxisome organisation
positive regulation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis
upregulation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity
up regulation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity
up-regulation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity
up regulation of peroxisome organisation
up-regulation of peroxisome organisation
up regulation of peroxisome organization
up-regulation of peroxisome organization
upregulation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis
up regulation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis
up-regulation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ethanol catabolic process.
positive regulation of ethanol catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ethanol catabolic process.
positive regulation of ethanol breakdown
positive regulation of ethanol catabolism
positive regulation of ethanol degradation
upregulation of ethanol catabolic process
up regulation of ethanol catabolic process
up-regulation of ethanol catabolic process
regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alkalinity.
regulation of cellular response to alkalinity
regulation of cellular response to basic pH
negative regulation of nodal receptor complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nodal receptor complex assembly.
downregulation of ActRIIB.ALK4.EGF-CFC complex formation
down regulation of ActRIIB.ALK4.EGF-CFC complex formation
down-regulation of ActRIIB.ALK4.EGF-CFC complex formation
downregulation of nodal receptor complex assembly
down regulation of nodal receptor complex assembly
down-regulation of nodal receptor complex assembly
downregulation of nodal receptor complex formation
down regulation of nodal receptor complex formation
down-regulation of nodal receptor complex formation
inhibition of ActRIIB.ALK4.EGF-CFC complex formation
inhibition of nodal receptor complex assembly
inhibition of nodal receptor complex formation
negative regulation of ActRIIB.ALK4.EGF-CFC complex formation
negative regulation of nodal receptor complex formation
regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process.
downregulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis
down regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis
down-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis
downregulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process
down regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process
down-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process
inhibition of hyaluronan biosynthetic process
negative regulation of hyaluronan anabolism
negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis
negative regulation of hyaluronan formation
negative regulation of hyaluronan synthesis
positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process.
activation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process
positive regulation of hyaluronan anabolism
positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis
positive regulation of hyaluronan formation
positive regulation of hyaluronan synthesis
up regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis
up-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis
upregulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process
up regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process
up-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.
down regulation of receptor-associated protein activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.
regulation of nodal receptor complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nodal receptor complex assembly.
regulation of ActRIIB.ALK4.EGF-CFC complex formation
regulation of nodal receptor complex formation
extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction
Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region.
downregulation of signal transduction in extracellular region
down regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region
down-regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region
extracellular inhibition of signaling pathway
inhibition of signal transduction in extracellular region
negative regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region
negative regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region
regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.
negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.
downregulation of execution phase of apoptosis
down regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
down-regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
inhibition of execution phase of apoptosis
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.
activation of execution phase of apoptosis
upregulation of execution phase of apoptosis
up regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
up-regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
regulation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 trimethylation.
negative regulation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 trimethylation.
downregulation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation
down regulation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation
down-regulation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation
inhibition of histone H3-K9 trimethylation
positive regulation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 trimethylation.
activation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation
upregulation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation
up regulation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation
up-regulation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation
extracellular regulation of signal transduction
Any regulation of signal transduction that takes place in the extracellular region.
regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region
regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region
negative regulation of nodal signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway.
downregulation of nodal signaling pathway
down regulation of nodal signaling pathway
down-regulation of nodal signaling pathway
negative regulation of nodal signalling pathway
regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 dimethylation.
regulation of histone H3 K9 dimethylation
regulation of histone lysine H3 K9 dimethylation
negative regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 dimethylation.
downregulation of histone H3 K9 dimethylation
downregulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation
down regulation of histone H3 K9 dimethylation
down regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation
down-regulation of histone H3 K9 dimethylation
down-regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation
downregulation of histone lysine H3 K9 dimethylation
down regulation of histone lysine H3 K9 dimethylation
down-regulation of histone lysine H3 K9 dimethylation
inhibition of histone H3 K9 dimethylation
inhibition of histone H3-K9 dimethylation
inhibition of histone lysine H3 K9 dimethylation
negative regulation of histone H3 K9 dimethylation
negative regulation of histone lysine H3 K9 dimethylation
positive regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 dimethylation.
activation of histone H3 K9 dimethylation
activation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation
activation of histone lysine H3 K9 dimethylation
positive regulation of histone H3 K9 dimethylation
positive regulation of histone lysine H3 K9 dimethylation
upregulation of histone H3 K9 dimethylation
upregulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation
up regulation of histone H3 K9 dimethylation
up regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation
up-regulation of histone H3 K9 dimethylation
up-regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation
upregulation of histone lysine H3 K9 dimethylation
up regulation of histone lysine H3 K9 dimethylation
up-regulation of histone lysine H3 K9 dimethylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluranon cable assembly.
negative regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluranon cable assembly.
downregulation of hyaluranon cable assembly
down regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly
down-regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly
negative regulation of HA cable assembly
positive regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluranon cable assembly.
positive regulation of HA cable assembly
upregulation of hyaluranon cable assembly
up regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly
up-regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway.
positive regulation of plasma cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation.
activation of plasma cell differentiation
positive regulation of plasma cell development
up regulation of plasma cell development
up-regulation of plasma cell development
upregulation of plasma cell differentiation
up regulation of plasma cell differentiation
up-regulation of plasma cell differentiation
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.
regulation of ER unfolded protein response
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.
downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
down regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
down-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
downregulation of ER unfolded protein response
down regulation of ER unfolded protein response
down-regulation of ER unfolded protein response
downregulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway
down regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway
down-regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway
inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
inhibition of ER unfolded protein response
inhibition of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of ER unfolded protein response
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.
activation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
activation of ER unfolded protein response
activation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of ER unfolded protein response
upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
up regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
upregulation of ER unfolded protein response
up regulation of ER unfolded protein response
up-regulation of ER unfolded protein response
upregulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway
up regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway
up-regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of dosage compensation by inactivation of X chromosome
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome.
downregulation of chromosome inactivation
down regulation of chromosome inactivation
down-regulation of chromosome inactivation
downregulation of dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome
down regulation of dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome
down-regulation of dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome
downregulation of X chromosome inactivation
down regulation of X chromosome inactivation
down-regulation of X chromosome inactivation
inhibition of dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome
negative regulation of Barr body formation
negative regulation of chromosome inactivation
negative regulation of X chromosome inactivation
positive regulation of dosage compensation by inactivation of X chromosome
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome.
activation of dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome
positive regulation of Barr body formation
positive regulation of chromosome inactivation
positive regulation of X chromosome inactivation
up regulation of chromosome inactivation
up-regulation of chromosome inactivation
upregulation of dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome
up regulation of dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome
up-regulation of dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome
upregulation of X chromosome inactivation
up regulation of X chromosome inactivation
up-regulation of X chromosome inactivation
regulation of plasma cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation.
negative regulation of plasma cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation.
downregulation of plasma cell development
down regulation of plasma cell development
down-regulation of plasma cell development
downregulation of plasma cell differentiation
down regulation of plasma cell differentiation
down-regulation of plasma cell differentiation
inhibition of plasma cell differentiation
negative regulation of plasma cell development
positive regulation of bone trabecula formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.
activation of skeletal trabecula biogenesis
activation of skeletal trabecula formation
positive regulation of bone trabecula biogenesis
positive regulation of bone trabeculation
positive regulation of skeletal trabecula biogenesis
positive regulation of skeletal trabecula formation
positive regulation of skeletal trabeculation
upregulation of bone trabecula biogenesis
up regulation of bone trabecula biogenesis
up-regulation of bone trabecula biogenesis
upregulation of bone trabecula formation
up regulation of bone trabecula formation
up-regulation of bone trabecula formation
upregulation of skeletal trabecula biogenesis
up regulation of skeletal trabecula biogenesis
up-regulation of skeletal trabecula biogenesis
upregulation of skeletal trabecula formation
up regulation of skeletal trabecula formation
up-regulation of skeletal trabecula formation
regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.
negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.
downregulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
down regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
down-regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
inhibition of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
positive regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.
activation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
upregulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
up regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
up-regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay.
downregulation of deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay
down regulation of deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay
down-regulation of deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay
downregulation of mRNA breakdown, deadenylation-dependent decay
down regulation of mRNA breakdown, deadenylation-dependent decay
down-regulation of mRNA breakdown, deadenylation-dependent decay
downregulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent
down regulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent
down-regulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent
downregulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylylation-dependent
down regulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylylation-dependent
down-regulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylylation-dependent
downregulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-dependent
down regulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-dependent
down-regulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-dependent
downregulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylylation-dependent
down regulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylylation-dependent
down-regulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylylation-dependent
downregulation of mRNA degradation, deadenylation-dependent decay
down regulation of mRNA degradation, deadenylation-dependent decay
down-regulation of mRNA degradation, deadenylation-dependent decay
downregulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
down regulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
down-regulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
downregulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
down regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
down-regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
inhibition of deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay
inhibition of mRNA breakdown, deadenylation-dependent decay
inhibition of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent
inhibition of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylylation-dependent
inhibition of mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-dependent
inhibition of mRNA catabolism, deadenylylation-dependent
inhibition of mRNA degradation, deadenylation-dependent decay
inhibition of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
inhibition of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
negative regulation of deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay
negative regulation of mRNA breakdown, deadenylation-dependent decay
negative regulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent
negative regulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylylation-dependent
negative regulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-dependent
negative regulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylylation-dependent
negative regulation of mRNA degradation, deadenylation-dependent decay
negative regulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay.
activation of deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay
activation of mRNA breakdown, deadenylation-dependent decay
activation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent
activation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylylation-dependent
activation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-dependent
activation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylylation-dependent
activation of mRNA degradation, deadenylation-dependent decay
activation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
activation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
positive regulation of deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay
positive regulation of mRNA breakdown, deadenylation-dependent decay
positive regulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent
positive regulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylylation-dependent
positive regulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-dependent
positive regulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylylation-dependent
positive regulation of mRNA degradation, deadenylation-dependent decay
positive regulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
upregulation of deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay
up regulation of deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay
up-regulation of deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay
upregulation of mRNA breakdown, deadenylation-dependent decay
up regulation of mRNA breakdown, deadenylation-dependent decay
up-regulation of mRNA breakdown, deadenylation-dependent decay
upregulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent
up regulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent
up-regulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent
upregulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylylation-dependent
up regulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylylation-dependent
up-regulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylylation-dependent
upregulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-dependent
up regulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-dependent
up-regulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-dependent
upregulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylylation-dependent
up regulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylylation-dependent
up-regulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylylation-dependent
upregulation of mRNA degradation, deadenylation-dependent decay
up regulation of mRNA degradation, deadenylation-dependent decay
up-regulation of mRNA degradation, deadenylation-dependent decay
upregulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
up regulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
up-regulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
upregulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
up regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
up-regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.
regulation of skeletal trabecula biogenesis
regulation of skeletal trabecula formation
negative regulation of bone trabecula formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.
downregulation of bone trabecula biogenesis
down regulation of bone trabecula biogenesis
down-regulation of bone trabecula biogenesis
downregulation of bone trabecula formation
down regulation of bone trabecula formation
down-regulation of bone trabecula formation
downregulation of skeletal trabecula biogenesis
down regulation of skeletal trabecula biogenesis
down-regulation of skeletal trabecula biogenesis
downregulation of skeletal trabecula formation
down regulation of skeletal trabecula formation
down-regulation of skeletal trabecula formation
downregulation of skeletal trabeculation
down regulation of skeletal trabeculation
down-regulation of skeletal trabeculation
inhibition of skeletal trabecula biogenesis
inhibition of skeletal trabecula formation
negative regulation of bone trabecula biogenesis
negative regulation of bone trabeculation
negative regulation of skeletal trabecula biogenesis
negative regulation of skeletal trabecula formation
negative regulation of skeletal trabeculation
negative regulation of Schwann cell migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell migration.
downregulation of Schwann cell migration
down regulation of Schwann cell migration
down-regulation of Schwann cell migration
positive regulation of Schwann cell migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell migration.
regulation of defense response to fungus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to fungus.
regulation of defence response to fungus
regulation of defense response to fungi, incompatible interaction
regulation of defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction
regulation of resistance response to pathogenic fungi
regulation of resistance response to pathogenic fungus
regulation of response to pathogenic fungus (incompatible interaction)
regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay.
regulation of deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay
regulation of mRNA breakdown, deadenylation-dependent decay
regulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent
regulation of mRNA catabolic process, deadenylylation-dependent
regulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-dependent
regulation of mRNA catabolism, deadenylylation-dependent
regulation of mRNA degradation, deadenylation-dependent decay
regulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP secretion.
activation of bone morphogenetic protein secretion
positive regulation of BMP protein secretion
positive regulation of bone morphogenetic protein secretion
upregulation of bone morphogenetic protein secretion
up regulation of bone morphogenetic protein secretion
up-regulation of bone morphogenetic protein secretion
regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a nodal signaling pathway, where the nodal signaling pathway is involved in determination of left/right asymmetry.
regulation of nodal signalling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
negative regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a nodal signaling pathway, where the nodal signaling pathway is involved in determination of left/right asymmetry.
downregulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
down regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
down-regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
inhibition of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
negative regulation of nodal signalling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell migration.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seedling development.
regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.
negative regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.
downregulation of oligodendrocyte apoptosis
down regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptosis
down-regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptosis
downregulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process
down regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process
down-regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process
inhibition of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process
negative regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptosis
positive regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.
activation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process
positive regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptosis
upregulation of oligodendrocyte apoptosis
up regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptosis
up-regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptosis
upregulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process
up regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process
up-regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine activity.
negative regulation of chemokine activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine activity.
negative regulation of phospholipase A2 activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase A2 activity.
downregulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity
down regulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity
down-regulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity
downregulation of lecithinase A activity
down regulation of lecithinase A activity
down-regulation of lecithinase A activity
downregulation of phosphatidase activity
down regulation of phosphatidase activity
down-regulation of phosphatidase activity
downregulation of phosphatidolipase activity
down regulation of phosphatidolipase activity
down-regulation of phosphatidolipase activity
downregulation of phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase activity
down regulation of phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase activity
down-regulation of phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase activity
downregulation of phospholipase A2 activity
down regulation of phospholipase A2 activity
down-regulation of phospholipase A2 activity
downregulation of secreted phospholipase A2 activity
down regulation of secreted phospholipase A2 activity
down-regulation of secreted phospholipase A2 activity
inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity
inhibition of phosphatidolipase activity
inhibition of phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase activity
inhibition of secreted phospholipase A2 activity
negative regulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity
negative regulation of lecithinase A activity
negative regulation of phosphatidase activity
negative regulation of phosphatidolipase activity
negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase activity
negative regulation of secreted phospholipase A2 activity
negative regulation of arachidonic acid secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arachidonic acid secretion.
downregulation of arachidonic acid secretion
down regulation of arachidonic acid secretion
down-regulation of arachidonic acid secretion
inhibition of arachidonic acid secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding.
regulation of renin secretion into blood stream
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renin secretion into blood stream.
regulation of renin release into blood stream
negative regulation of renin secretion into blood stream
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renin secretion into blood stream.
downregulation of renin release into blood stream
down regulation of renin release into blood stream
down-regulation of renin release into blood stream
downregulation of renin secretion into blood stream
down regulation of renin secretion into blood stream
down-regulation of renin secretion into blood stream
inhibition of renin release into blood stream
inhibition of renin secretion into blood stream
negative regulation of renin release into blood stream
positive regulation of renin secretion into blood stream
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renin secretion into blood stream.
activation of renin release into blood stream
activation of renin secretion into blood stream
positive regulation of renin release into blood stream
upregulation of renin release into blood stream
up regulation of renin release into blood stream
up-regulation of renin release into blood stream
upregulation of renin secretion into blood stream
up regulation of renin secretion into blood stream
up-regulation of renin secretion into blood stream
regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity.
regulation of G protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
regulation of G-protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
regulation of G protein enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
regulation of G-protein enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
regulation of G-protein-enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
positive regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity.
activation of G protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
activation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
activation of G-protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
activation of G protein enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
activation of G-protein enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
activation of G-protein-enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
positive regulation of G protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
positive regulation of G-protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
positive regulation of G protein enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
positive regulation of G-protein enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
positive regulation of G-protein-enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
upregulation of G protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
upregulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
upregulation of G-protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
up regulation of G protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
up regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
up regulation of G-protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
up-regulation of G protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
up-regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
up-regulation of G-protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
upregulation of G protein enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
upregulation of G-protein enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
upregulation of G-protein-enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
up regulation of G protein enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
up regulation of G-protein enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
up regulation of G-protein-enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
up-regulation of G protein enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
up-regulation of G-protein enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
up-regulation of G-protein-enhanced inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding.
negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.
downregulation of cell adhesion during single-species biofilm formation
down regulation of cell adhesion during single-species biofilm formation
down-regulation of cell adhesion during single-species biofilm formation
downregulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation
down regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation
down-regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation
inhibition of cell adhesion during single-species biofilm formation
inhibition of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation
negative regulation of cell adhesion during single-species biofilm formation
positive regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.
activation of cell adhesion during single-species biofilm formation
activation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation
positive regulation of cell adhesion during single-species biofilm formation
upregulation of cell adhesion during single-species biofilm formation
up regulation of cell adhesion during single-species biofilm formation
up-regulation of cell adhesion during single-species biofilm formation
upregulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation
up regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation
up-regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation
regulation of single-species biofilm formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.
negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.
downregulation of single-species biofilm formation
down regulation of single-species biofilm formation
down-regulation of single-species biofilm formation
inhibition of single-species biofilm formation
negative regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process.
down regulation of xanthone biosynthesis
down-regulation of xanthone biosynthesis
downregulation of xanthone biosynthetic process
down regulation of xanthone biosynthetic process
down-regulation of xanthone biosynthetic process
downregulation of xanthone-containing compound anabolism
down regulation of xanthone-containing compound anabolism
down-regulation of xanthone-containing compound anabolism
downregulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthesis
down regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthesis
down-regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthesis
downregulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process
down regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process
down-regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process
downregulation of xanthone-containing compound formation
down regulation of xanthone-containing compound formation
down-regulation of xanthone-containing compound formation
downregulation of xanthone-containing compound synthesis
down regulation of xanthone-containing compound synthesis
down-regulation of xanthone-containing compound synthesis
inhibition of xanthone biosynthetic process
inhibition of xanthone-containing compound anabolism
inhibition of xanthone-containing compound biosynthesis
inhibition of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process
inhibition of xanthone-containing compound formation
inhibition of xanthone-containing compound synthesis
negative regulation of xanthone biosynthesis
negative regulation of xanthone biosynthetic process
negative regulation of xanthone-containing compound anabolism
negative regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthesis
negative regulation of xanthone-containing compound formation
negative regulation of xanthone-containing compound synthesis
negative regulation of xanthones anabolism
positive regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process.
activation of xanthone biosynthetic process
activation of xanthone-containing compound anabolism
activation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthesis
activation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process
activation of xanthone-containing compound formation
activation of xanthone-containing compound synthesis
positive regulation of xanthone biosynthesis
positive regulation of xanthone biosynthetic process
positive regulation of xanthone-containing compound anabolism
positive regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthesis
positive regulation of xanthone-containing compound formation
positive regulation of xanthone-containing compound synthesis
upregulation of xanthone biosynthetic process
up regulation of xanthone biosynthetic process
up-regulation of xanthone biosynthetic process
upregulation of xanthone-containing compound anabolism
up regulation of xanthone-containing compound anabolism
up-regulation of xanthone-containing compound anabolism
upregulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthesis
up regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthesis
up-regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthesis
upregulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process
up regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process
up-regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process
upregulation of xanthone-containing compound formation
up regulation of xanthone-containing compound formation
up-regulation of xanthone-containing compound formation
upregulation of xanthone-containing compound synthesis
up regulation of xanthone-containing compound synthesis
up-regulation of xanthone-containing compound synthesis
negative regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
downregulation of clathrin coated pit-dependent endocytosis
down regulation of clathrin coated pit-dependent endocytosis
down-regulation of clathrin coated pit-dependent endocytosis
downregulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis
down regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis
down-regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis
downregulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis
down regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis
down-regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis
inhibition of clathrin coated pit-dependent endocytosis
inhibition of clathrin-dependent endocytosis
inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis
negative regulation of clathrin coated pit-dependent endocytosis
negative regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis
regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.
regulation of cell adhesion during single-species biofilm formation
regulation of protein localization to nucleus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus.
regulation of protein localisation to nucleus
regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus
regulation of protein localization in nucleus
negative regulation of protein localization to nucleus
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus.
downregulation of protein localisation to nucleus
down regulation of protein localisation to nucleus
down-regulation of protein localisation to nucleus
downregulation of protein localization in cell nucleus
down regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus
down-regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus
downregulation of protein localization in nucleus
down regulation of protein localization in nucleus
down-regulation of protein localization in nucleus
downregulation of protein localization to nucleus
down regulation of protein localization to nucleus
down-regulation of protein localization to nucleus
inhibition of protein localisation to nucleus
inhibition of protein localization in cell nucleus
inhibition of protein localization in nucleus
inhibition of protein localization to nucleus
negative regulation of protein localisation to nucleus
negative regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus
negative regulation of protein localization in nucleus
positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus.
activation of protein localisation to nucleus
activation of protein localization in cell nucleus
activation of protein localization in nucleus
activation of protein localization to nucleus
positive regulation of protein localisation to nucleus
positive regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus
positive regulation of protein localization in nucleus
upregulation of protein localisation to nucleus
up regulation of protein localisation to nucleus
up-regulation of protein localisation to nucleus
upregulation of protein localization in cell nucleus
up regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus
up-regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus
upregulation of protein localization in nucleus
up regulation of protein localization in nucleus
up-regulation of protein localization in nucleus
upregulation of protein localization to nucleus
up regulation of protein localization to nucleus
up-regulation of protein localization to nucleus
regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process.
regulation of xanthone biosynthetic process
regulation of xanthone-containing compound anabolism
regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthesis
regulation of xanthone-containing compound formation
regulation of xanthone-containing compound synthesis
negative regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a nodal signaling pathway, where the nodal signaling pathway is involved in determination of left/right asymmetry in the lateral mesoderm.
downregulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
down-regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
inhibition of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
negative regulation of nodal signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
regulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aflatoxin biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aflatoxin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis
down regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis
down-regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis
downregulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic process
down regulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic process
inhibition of aflatoxin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of aflatoxin anabolism
negative regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis
negative regulation of aflatoxin formation
negative regulation of aflatoxin synthesis
positive regulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aflatoxin biosynthetic process.
activation of aflatoxin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of aflatoxin anabolism
positive regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis
positive regulation of aflatoxin formation
positive regulation of aflatoxin synthesis
upregulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic process
up regulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic process
regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a nodal signaling pathway, where the nodal signaling pathway is involved in determination of left/right asymmetry in the lateral mesoderm.
regulation of nodal signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
positive regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production.
activation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor secretion
positive regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor secretion
positive regulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor secretion
regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signalling
negative regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway.
downregulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway
downregulation of glucocorticoid mediated signalling
down regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signalling
down-regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signalling
inhibition of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of glucocorticoid mediated signalling
negative regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signalling
positive regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway.
activation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway
activation of glucocorticoid mediated signalling
positive regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signalling
upregulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of glucocorticoid mediated signalling
up regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signalling
up-regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signalling
nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
The series of molecular signals initiated by a nodal protein binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the establishment of lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.
nodal signaling of determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm
nodal signaling pathway of determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm
nodal signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production.
regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor secretion
regulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor secretion
negative regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production.
inhibition of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor secretion
negative regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor secretion
negative regulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor secretion
A process in which plastidial DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly structure.
regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid scramblase activity.
negative regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid scramblase activity.
downregulation of phospholipid scramblase activity
down regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity
down-regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity
inhibition of phospholipid scramblase activity
positive regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid scramblase activity.
activation of phospholipid scramblase activity
upregulation of phospholipid scramblase activity
up regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity
up-regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in bone trabecula morphogenesis
Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that contributes to bone trabecula morphogenesis.
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway of bone trabecula morphogenesis
semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway of bone trabecula morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta clearance.
negative regulation of amyloid-beta clearance
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta clearance.
downregulation of beta-amyloid clearance
down regulation of beta-amyloid clearance
down-regulation of beta-amyloid clearance
negative regulation of beta-amyloid clearance
positive regulation of amyloid-beta clearance
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta clearance.
positive regulation of beta-amyloid clearance
positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.
activation of apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
activation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
activation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development
activation of apoptotic process of metanephric collecting duct development
activation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
activation of apoptotic program of metanephric collecting duct development
activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric collecting duct development
activation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
positive regulation of apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
positive regulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
positive regulation of apoptotic process of metanephric collecting duct development
positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
positive regulation of apoptotic program of metanephric collecting duct development
positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric collecting duct development
positive regulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
upregulation of apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
up regulation of apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
up-regulation of apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
upregulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
up regulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
up-regulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
upregulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development
up regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development
up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development
upregulation of apoptotic process of metanephric collecting duct development
up regulation of apoptotic process of metanephric collecting duct development
up-regulation of apoptotic process of metanephric collecting duct development
upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
upregulation of apoptotic program of metanephric collecting duct development
up regulation of apoptotic program of metanephric collecting duct development
up-regulation of apoptotic program of metanephric collecting duct development
upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric collecting duct development
up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric collecting duct development
up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric collecting duct development
upregulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
up regulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
up-regulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.
regulation of apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
regulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
regulation of apoptotic process of metanephric nephron tubule development
regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
regulation of apoptotic program of metanephric nephron tubule development
regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric nephron tubule development
regulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.
downregulation of apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
down regulation of apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
down-regulation of apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
downregulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
down regulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
down-regulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
downregulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development
down regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development
down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development
downregulation of apoptotic process of metanephric nephron tubule development
down regulation of apoptotic process of metanephric nephron tubule development
down-regulation of apoptotic process of metanephric nephron tubule development
downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
downregulation of apoptotic program of metanephric nephron tubule development
down regulation of apoptotic program of metanephric nephron tubule development
down-regulation of apoptotic program of metanephric nephron tubule development
downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric nephron tubule development
down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric nephron tubule development
down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric nephron tubule development
downregulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
down regulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
down-regulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
inhibition of apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
inhibition of apoptotic cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
inhibition of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development
inhibition of apoptotic process of metanephric nephron tubule development
inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
inhibition of apoptotic program of metanephric nephron tubule development
inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric nephron tubule development
inhibition of type I programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
negative regulation of apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
negative regulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
negative regulation of apoptotic process of metanephric nephron tubule development
negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
negative regulation of apoptotic program of metanephric nephron tubule development
negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric nephron tubule development
negative regulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.
activation of apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
activation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
activation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development
activation of apoptotic process of metanephric nephron tubule development
activation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
activation of apoptotic program of metanephric nephron tubule development
activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric nephron tubule development
activation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
positive regulation of apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
positive regulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
positive regulation of apoptotic process of metanephric nephron tubule development
positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
positive regulation of apoptotic program of metanephric nephron tubule development
positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric nephron tubule development
positive regulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
upregulation of apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
up regulation of apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
up-regulation of apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
upregulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
up regulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
up-regulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
upregulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development
up regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development
up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development
upregulation of apoptotic process of metanephric nephron tubule development
up regulation of apoptotic process of metanephric nephron tubule development
up-regulation of apoptotic process of metanephric nephron tubule development
upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
upregulation of apoptotic program of metanephric nephron tubule development
up regulation of apoptotic program of metanephric nephron tubule development
up-regulation of apoptotic program of metanephric nephron tubule development
upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric nephron tubule development
up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric nephron tubule development
up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric nephron tubule development
upregulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
up regulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
up-regulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development.
downregulation of mesenchymal cell apoptosis involved in metanephros development
down regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptosis involved in metanephros development
down-regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptosis involved in metanephros development
inhibition of mesenchymal cell apoptosis involved in metanephros development
negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptosis involved in metanephros development
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development.
activation of mesenchymal cell apoptosis involved in metanephros development
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptosis involved in metanephros development
upregulation of mesenchymal cell apoptosis involved in metanephros development
up regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptosis involved in metanephros development
up-regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptosis involved in metanephros development
regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.
regulation of apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
regulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
regulation of apoptotic process of metanephric collecting duct development
regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
regulation of apoptotic program of metanephric collecting duct development
regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric collecting duct development
regulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.
downregulation of apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
down regulation of apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
down-regulation of apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
downregulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
down regulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
down-regulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
downregulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development
down regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development
down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development
downregulation of apoptotic process of metanephric collecting duct development
down regulation of apoptotic process of metanephric collecting duct development
down-regulation of apoptotic process of metanephric collecting duct development
downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
downregulation of apoptotic program of metanephric collecting duct development
down regulation of apoptotic program of metanephric collecting duct development
down-regulation of apoptotic program of metanephric collecting duct development
downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric collecting duct development
down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric collecting duct development
down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric collecting duct development
downregulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
down regulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
down-regulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
inhibition of apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
inhibition of apoptotic cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
inhibition of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development
inhibition of apoptotic process of metanephric collecting duct development
inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
inhibition of apoptotic program of metanephric collecting duct development
inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric collecting duct development
inhibition of type I programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
negative regulation of apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
negative regulation of apoptotic cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
negative regulation of apoptotic process of metanephric collecting duct development
negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
negative regulation of apoptotic program of metanephric collecting duct development
negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric collecting duct development
negative regulation of type I programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
regulation of cardiolipin metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiolipin metabolic process.
regulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolic process
regulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolism
negative regulation of cardiolipin metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiolipin metabolic process.
downregulation of cardiolipin metabolic process
down regulation of cardiolipin metabolic process
down-regulation of cardiolipin metabolic process
downregulation of cardiolipin metabolism
down regulation of cardiolipin metabolism
down-regulation of cardiolipin metabolism
downregulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolic process
down regulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolic process
down-regulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolic process
downregulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolism
down regulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolism
down-regulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolism
inhibition of cardiolipin metabolic process
inhibition of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolic process
inhibition of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolism
negative regulation of cardiolipin metabolism
negative regulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolic process
negative regulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolism
positive regulation of cardiolipin metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiolipin metabolic process.
activation of cardiolipin metabolic process
activation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolic process
activation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolism
positive regulation of cardiolipin metabolism
positive regulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolic process
positive regulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolism
upregulation of cardiolipin metabolic process
up regulation of cardiolipin metabolic process
up-regulation of cardiolipin metabolic process
upregulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolic process
up regulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolic process
up-regulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolic process
upregulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolism
up regulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolism
up-regulation of diphosphatidylglycerol metabolism
regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development.
regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptosis involved in metanephros development
apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development
Any apoptotic process that is involved in metanephric collecting duct development.
apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
apoptotic cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
apoptotic process of metanephric collecting duct development
apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
apoptotic program of metanephric collecting duct development
programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric collecting duct development
signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric collecting duct development
type I programmed cell death of metanephric collecting duct development
apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development
Any apoptotic process that is involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.
apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
apoptotic cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
apoptotic process of metanephric nephron tubule development
apoptotic programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
apoptotic program of metanephric nephron tubule development
programmed cell death by apoptosis of metanephric nephron tubule development
signaling (initiator) caspase activity of metanephric nephron tubule development
type I programmed cell death of metanephric nephron tubule development
regulation of pronephric nephron tubule development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pronephric nephron tubule development.
negative regulation of pronephric nephron tubule development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pronephric nephron tubule development.
downregulation of pronephric nephron tubule development
down regulation of pronephric nephron tubule development
down-regulation of pronephric nephron tubule development
inhibition of pronephric nephron tubule development
mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development
Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in metanephros development.
mesenchymal cell apoptosis involved in metanephros development
obsolete regulation of spread of virus in host, cell to cell
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spread of virus in host, cell to cell.
obsolete negative regulation of spread of virus in host, cell to cell
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spread of virus in host, cell to cell.
obsolete positive regulation of spread of virus in host, cell to cell
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spread of virus in host, cell to cell.
regulation of penicillin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of penicillin biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of penicillin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of penicillin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of penicillin biosynthesis
down regulation of penicillin biosynthesis
down-regulation of penicillin biosynthesis
downregulation of penicillin biosynthetic process
down regulation of penicillin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of penicillin biosynthetic process
inhibition of penicillin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of penicillin anabolism
negative regulation of penicillin biosynthesis
negative regulation of penicillin formation
negative regulation of penicillin synthesis
positive regulation of penicillin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of penicillin biosynthetic process.
activation of penicillin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of penicillin anabolism
positive regulation of penicillin biosynthesis
positive regulation of penicillin formation
positive regulation of penicillin synthesis
up regulation of penicillin biosynthesis
up-regulation of penicillin biosynthesis
upregulation of penicillin biosynthetic process
up regulation of penicillin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of penicillin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of protein export from nucleus during meiotic anaphase II
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, during anaphase occurring as part of meiosis II.
positive regulation of protein export from nucleus involved in meiotic anaphase II
positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.
activation of single-species biofilm formation
upregulation of single-species biofilm formation
up regulation of single-species biofilm formation
up-regulation of single-species biofilm formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation.
negative regulation of oocyte maturation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation.
positive regulation of oocyte maturation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation.
negative regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation.
downregulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation
down regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation
down-regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation
inhibition of cytoplasmic translational elongation
positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation.
activation of cytoplasmic translational elongation
upregulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation
up regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation
up-regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
activation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis
activation of synaptic vesicle retrieval
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval
upregulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis
up regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis
up-regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis
upregulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval
up regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval
up-regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval
positive regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MDA-5 signaling pathway.
activation of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 signaling pathway
positive regulation of IFIH1 signaling pathway
positive regulation of MDA5 signaling pathway
positive regulation of MDA-5 signalling pathway
positive regulation of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 signaling pathway
up regulation of IFIH1 signaling pathway
up-regulation of IFIH1 signaling pathway
up regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway
up-regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway
upregulation of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 signaling pathway
up regulation of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 signaling pathway
up-regulation of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 signaling pathway
positive regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RIG-I signaling pathway.
activation of retinoic acid inducible gene I signaling pathway
positive regulation of DDX58 signaling pathway
positive regulation of retinoic acid inducible gene I signaling pathway
positive regulation of RIG-I signalling pathway
up regulation of DDX58 signaling pathway
up-regulation of DDX58 signaling pathway
upregulation of retinoic acid inducible gene I signaling pathway
up regulation of retinoic acid inducible gene I signaling pathway
up-regulation of retinoic acid inducible gene I signaling pathway
up regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway
up-regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway
regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation.
negative regulation of phenotypic switching
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phenotypic switching.
down regulation of phenotypic dimorphism
down-regulation of phenotypic dimorphism
negative regulation of phenotypic dimorphism
positive regulation of phenotypic switching
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phenotypic switching.
positive regulation of phenotypic dimorphism
regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
downregulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis
down regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis
down-regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis
downregulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval
down regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval
down-regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval
inhibition of synaptic vesicle endocytosis
inhibition of synaptic vesicle retrieval
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval
positive regulation of Kit signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.
activation of stem cell factor receptor signaling pathway
activation of stem cell factor signaling pathway
positive regulation of Kit signalling pathway
positive regulation of stem cell factor receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of stem cell factor signaling pathway
upregulation of stem cell factor receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of stem cell factor receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of stem cell factor receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of stem cell factor signaling pathway
up regulation of stem cell factor signaling pathway
up-regulation of stem cell factor signaling pathway
positive regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion.
upregulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion
up regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion
up-regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion
regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration, by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.
regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signalling pathway
regulation of metanephric mesenchyme chemotaxis by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phenotypic switching.
negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate.
downregulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
down regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
down-regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
inhibition of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate.
activation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
upregulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
up regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
up-regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.
regulation of stem cell factor receptor signaling pathway
regulation of stem cell factor signaling pathway
negative regulation of Kit signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.
down regulation of Kit signaling pathway
down-regulation of Kit signaling pathway
downregulation of stem cell factor receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of stem cell factor receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of stem cell factor receptor signaling pathway
downregulation of stem cell factor signaling pathway
down regulation of stem cell factor signaling pathway
down-regulation of stem cell factor signaling pathway
inhibition of stem cell factor receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of stem cell factor signaling pathway
negative regulation of Kit signalling pathway
negative regulation of stem cell factor receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of stem cell factor signaling pathway
regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.
negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.
downregulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
down regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
down-regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
inhibition of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.
activation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
upregulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
up regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
up-regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate.
positive regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry.
activation of nodal signaling of determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm
activation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
activation of nodal signaling pathway of determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm
positive regulation of nodal signaling of determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm
positive regulation of nodal signaling pathway of determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm
positive regulation of nodal signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
upregulation of nodal signaling of determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm
up regulation of nodal signaling of determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm
up-regulation of nodal signaling of determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm
upregulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
up regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
up-regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
upregulation of nodal signaling pathway of determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm
up regulation of nodal signaling pathway of determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm
up-regulation of nodal signaling pathway of determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm
regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly.
regulation of NALP3 inflammasome complex assembly
regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation
negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly.
downregulation of NALP3 inflammasome complex assembly
down regulation of NALP3 inflammasome complex assembly
down-regulation of NALP3 inflammasome complex assembly
downregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation
down regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation
down-regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation
downregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly
down regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly
down-regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly
inhibition of NALP3 inflammasome complex assembly
inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation
inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly
negative regulation of NALP3 inflammasome complex assembly
negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation
positive regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly.
activation of NALP3 inflammasome complex assembly
activation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation
activation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly
positive regulation of NALP3 inflammasome complex assembly
positive regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation
upregulation of NALP3 inflammasome complex assembly
up regulation of NALP3 inflammasome complex assembly
up-regulation of NALP3 inflammasome complex assembly
upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation
up regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation
up-regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation
upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly
up regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly
up-regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly
positive regulation of cellobiose catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose catabolic process.
activation of cellobiose catabolic process
positive regulation of cellobiose catabolism
upregulation of cellobiose catabolic process
up regulation of cellobiose catabolic process
up-regulation of cellobiose catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose transport.
negative regulation of cellotriose transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose transport.
down regulation of cellotriose transport
down-regulation of cellotriose transport
positive regulation of cellotriose transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose transport.
negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.
downregulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell costimulation
down regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell costimulation
down-regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell costimulation
inhibition of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell costimulation
negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell costimulation
positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.
activation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell costimulation
positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell costimulation
upregulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell costimulation
up regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell costimulation
up-regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell costimulation
regulation of cellobiose catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose catabolic process.
negative regulation of cellobiose catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose catabolic process.
downregulation of cellobiose catabolic process
down regulation of cellobiose catabolic process
down-regulation of cellobiose catabolic process
down regulation of cellobiose catabolism
down-regulation of cellobiose catabolism
inhibition of cellobiose catabolic process
negative regulation of cellobiose catabolism
regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.
negative regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.
downregulation of proteinase activated receptor activity
down regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity
down-regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity
inhibition of proteinase activated receptor activity
positive regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.
activation of proteinase activated receptor activity
upregulation of proteinase activated receptor activity
up regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity
up-regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity
regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.
regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell costimulation
negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.
downregulation of long-term potentiation
down regulation of long-term potentiation
down-regulation of long-term potentiation
downregulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
down regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
down-regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
inhibition of long-term synaptic potentiation
negative regulation of long-term potentiation
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.
activation of long-term synaptic potentiation
positive regulation of long-term potentiation
upregulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
up regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
up-regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C activity.
negative regulation of phospholipase C activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C activity.
downregulation of lecithinase C activity
down regulation of lecithinase C activity
down-regulation of lecithinase C activity
downregulation of lipophosphodiesterase C
down regulation of lipophosphodiesterase C
down-regulation of lipophosphodiesterase C
downregulation of phospholipase C activity
down regulation of phospholipase C activity
down-regulation of phospholipase C activity
negative regulation of lecithinase C activity
negative regulation of lipophosphodiesterase C
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reverse transcription.
negative regulation of reverse transcription
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reverse transcription.
down regulation of reverse transcription
down-regulation of reverse transcription
positive regulation of reverse transcription
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reverse transcription.
regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.
positive regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity.
activation of alpha DNA polymerase activity
activation of beta DNA polymerase activity
activation of delta DNA polymerase activity
activation of deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
activation of deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase activity
activation of deoxyribonucleic duplicase activity
activation of deoxyribonucleic polymerase I
activation of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity
activation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
activation of DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
activation of epsilon DNA polymerase activity
activation of eta DNA polymerase activity
activation of gamma DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
activation of iota DNA polymerase activity
activation of kappa DNA polymerase activity
activation of lambda DNA polymerase activity
activation of mu DNA polymerase activity
activation of nu DNA polymerase activity
activation of sigma DNA polymerase activity
activation of theta DNA polymerase activity
activation of zeta DNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of alpha DNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of beta DNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of delta DNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
positive regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase activity
positive regulation of deoxyribonucleic duplicase activity
positive regulation of deoxyribonucleic polymerase I
positive regulation of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of DNA duplicase activity
positive regulation of DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
positive regulation of DNA polymerase alpha
positive regulation of DNA polymerase beta
positive regulation of DNA polymerase gamma
positive regulation of DNA polymerase II
positive regulation of DNA polymerase III
positive regulation of DNA polymerase V activity
positive regulation of DNA replicase activity
positive regulation of epsilon DNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of eta DNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of gamma DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of iota DNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of kappa DNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of lambda DNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of mu DNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of nu DNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of sigma DNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of Taq DNA polymerase
positive regulation of Tca DNA polymerase
positive regulation of theta DNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of zeta DNA polymerase activity
upregulation of alpha DNA polymerase activity
up regulation of alpha DNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of alpha DNA polymerase activity
upregulation of beta DNA polymerase activity
up regulation of beta DNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of beta DNA polymerase activity
upregulation of delta DNA polymerase activity
up regulation of delta DNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of delta DNA polymerase activity
upregulation of deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
up regulation of deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
up-regulation of deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
upregulation of deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase activity
up regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase activity
up-regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase activity
upregulation of deoxyribonucleic duplicase activity
up regulation of deoxyribonucleic duplicase activity
up-regulation of deoxyribonucleic duplicase activity
upregulation of deoxyribonucleic polymerase I
up regulation of deoxyribonucleic polymerase I
up-regulation of deoxyribonucleic polymerase I
upregulation of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity
up regulation of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity
upregulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
up regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
upregulation of DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
up regulation of DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
up-regulation of DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
upregulation of DNA polymerase V activity
up regulation of DNA polymerase V activity
up-regulation of DNA polymerase V activity
upregulation of epsilon DNA polymerase activity
up regulation of epsilon DNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of epsilon DNA polymerase activity
upregulation of eta DNA polymerase activity
up regulation of eta DNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of eta DNA polymerase activity
upregulation of gamma DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
up regulation of gamma DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of gamma DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
upregulation of iota DNA polymerase activity
up regulation of iota DNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of iota DNA polymerase activity
upregulation of kappa DNA polymerase activity
up regulation of kappa DNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of kappa DNA polymerase activity
upregulation of lambda DNA polymerase activity
up regulation of lambda DNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of lambda DNA polymerase activity
upregulation of mu DNA polymerase activity
up regulation of mu DNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of mu DNA polymerase activity
upregulation of nu DNA polymerase activity
up regulation of nu DNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of nu DNA polymerase activity
upregulation of sigma DNA polymerase activity
up regulation of sigma DNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of sigma DNA polymerase activity
upregulation of theta DNA polymerase activity
up regulation of theta DNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of theta DNA polymerase activity
upregulation of zeta DNA polymerase activity
up regulation of zeta DNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of zeta DNA polymerase activity
regulation of substance P receptor binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substance P receptor binding.
regulation of neurokinin-1 receptor binding
regulation of substance P receptor ligand
negative regulation of substance P receptor binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substance P receptor binding.
downregulation of neurokinin-1 receptor binding
down regulation of neurokinin-1 receptor binding
down-regulation of neurokinin-1 receptor binding
downregulation of substance P receptor binding
down regulation of substance P receptor binding
down-regulation of substance P receptor binding
downregulation of substance P receptor ligand
down regulation of substance P receptor ligand
down-regulation of substance P receptor ligand
inhibition of neurokinin-1 receptor binding
inhibition of substance P receptor binding
inhibition of substance P receptor ligand
negative regulation of neurokinin-1 receptor binding
negative regulation of substance P receptor ligand
positive regulation of substance P receptor binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substance P receptor binding.
activation of neurokinin-1 receptor binding
activation of substance P receptor binding
activation of substance P receptor ligand
positive regulation of neurokinin-1 receptor binding
positive regulation of substance P receptor ligand
upregulation of neurokinin-1 receptor binding
up regulation of neurokinin-1 receptor binding
up-regulation of neurokinin-1 receptor binding
upregulation of substance P receptor binding
up regulation of substance P receptor binding
up-regulation of substance P receptor binding
upregulation of substance P receptor ligand
up regulation of substance P receptor ligand
up-regulation of substance P receptor ligand
negative regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity.
downregulation of nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed)
downregulation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
down regulation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
downregulation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase activity
down regulation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase activity
downregulation of ribonucleic acid replicase activity
down regulation of ribonucleic acid replicase activity
down-regulation of ribonucleic acid replicase activity
downregulation of ribonucleic replicase activity
down regulation of ribonucleic replicase activity
downregulation of ribonucleic synthetase activity
down regulation of ribonucleic synthetase activity
down-regulation of ribonucleic synthetase activity
downregulation of RNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
down regulation of RNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of RNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
downregulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
down regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
downregulation of RNA-dependent RNA replicase activity
down regulation of RNA-dependent RNA replicase activity
down-regulation of RNA-dependent RNA replicase activity
downregulation of RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity
down regulation of RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity
downregulation of RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) activity
down regulation of RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) activity
down-regulation of RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) activity
downregulation of RNA replicase activity
down regulation of RNA replicase activity
down-regulation of RNA replicase activity
downregulation of RNA synthetase activity
down regulation of RNA synthetase activity
down-regulation of RNA synthetase activity
inhibition of nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed)
inhibition of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
inhibition of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase activity
inhibition of ribonucleic acid replicase activity
inhibition of ribonucleic replicase activity
inhibition of ribonucleic synthetase activity
inhibition of RNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
inhibition of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
inhibition of RNA-dependent RNA replicase activity
inhibition of RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity
inhibition of RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) activity
negative regulation of 3D polymerase activity
negative regulation of nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed)
negative regulation of phage f2 replicase
negative regulation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase activity
negative regulation of ribonucleic acid replicase activity
negative regulation of ribonucleic replicase activity
negative regulation of ribonucleic synthetase activity
negative regulation of RNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of RNA-dependent RNA replicase activity
negative regulation of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) activity
negative regulation of RNA replicase activity
negative regulation of RNA synthetase activity
positive regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity.
activation of nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed)
activation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
activation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase activity
activation of ribonucleic acid replicase activity
activation of ribonucleic replicase activity
activation of ribonucleic synthetase activity
activation of RNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
activation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
activation of RNA-dependent RNA replicase activity
activation of RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity
activation of RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) activity
positive regulation of 3D polymerase activity
positive regulation of nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed)
positive regulation of phage f2 replicase
positive regulation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase activity
positive regulation of ribonucleic acid replicase activity
positive regulation of ribonucleic replicase activity
positive regulation of ribonucleic synthetase activity
positive regulation of RNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of RNA-dependent RNA replicase activity
positive regulation of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity
positive regulation of RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) activity
positive regulation of RNA replicase activity
positive regulation of RNA synthetase activity
upregulation of nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed)
up regulation of nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed)
up-regulation of nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed)
upregulation of Q-beta replicase activity
up regulation of Q-beta replicase activity
up-regulation of Q-beta replicase activity
upregulation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
up regulation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
upregulation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase activity
up regulation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase activity
up-regulation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase activity
upregulation of ribonucleic acid replicase activity
up regulation of ribonucleic acid replicase activity
up-regulation of ribonucleic acid replicase activity
upregulation of ribonucleic replicase activity
up regulation of ribonucleic replicase activity
up-regulation of ribonucleic replicase activity
upregulation of ribonucleic synthetase activity
up regulation of ribonucleic synthetase activity
up-regulation of ribonucleic synthetase activity
upregulation of RNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
up regulation of RNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of RNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
upregulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
up regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
upregulation of RNA-dependent RNA replicase activity
up regulation of RNA-dependent RNA replicase activity
up-regulation of RNA-dependent RNA replicase activity
upregulation of RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity
up regulation of RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity
up-regulation of RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity
upregulation of RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) activity
up regulation of RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) activity
up-regulation of RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) activity
up regulation of RNA synthetase activity
up-regulation of RNA synthetase activity
regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity.
regulation of alpha DNA polymerase activity
regulation of beta DNA polymerase activity
regulation of delta DNA polymerase activity
regulation of deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase activity
regulation of deoxyribonucleic duplicase activity
regulation of deoxyribonucleic polymerase I
regulation of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity
regulation of DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
regulation of epsilon DNA polymerase activity
regulation of eta DNA polymerase activity
regulation of gamma DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
regulation of iota DNA polymerase activity
regulation of kappa DNA polymerase activity
regulation of lambda DNA polymerase activity
regulation of mu DNA polymerase activity
regulation of nu DNA polymerase activity
regulation of sigma DNA polymerase activity
regulation of theta DNA polymerase activity
regulation of zeta DNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity.
downregulation of alpha DNA polymerase activity
down regulation of alpha DNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of alpha DNA polymerase activity
downregulation of beta DNA polymerase activity
down regulation of beta DNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of beta DNA polymerase activity
downregulation of delta DNA polymerase activity
down regulation of delta DNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of delta DNA polymerase activity
downregulation of deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
down regulation of deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
down-regulation of deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
downregulation of deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase activity
down regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase activity
down-regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase activity
downregulation of deoxyribonucleic duplicase activity
down regulation of deoxyribonucleic duplicase activity
down-regulation of deoxyribonucleic duplicase activity
downregulation of deoxyribonucleic polymerase I
down regulation of deoxyribonucleic polymerase I
down-regulation of deoxyribonucleic polymerase I
downregulation of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity
down regulation of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity
downregulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
down regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
downregulation of DNA duplicase activity
down regulation of DNA duplicase activity
down-regulation of DNA duplicase activity
downregulation of DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
down regulation of DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
down-regulation of DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
downregulation of DNA polymerase V activity
down regulation of DNA polymerase V activity
down-regulation of DNA polymerase V activity
downregulation of DNA replicase activity
down regulation of DNA replicase activity
down-regulation of DNA replicase activity
downregulation of epsilon DNA polymerase activity
down regulation of epsilon DNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of epsilon DNA polymerase activity
downregulation of eta DNA polymerase activity
down regulation of eta DNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of eta DNA polymerase activity
downregulation of gamma DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
down regulation of gamma DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of gamma DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
downregulation of iota DNA polymerase activity
down regulation of iota DNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of iota DNA polymerase activity
downregulation of kappa DNA polymerase activity
down regulation of kappa DNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of kappa DNA polymerase activity
downregulation of lambda DNA polymerase activity
down regulation of lambda DNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of lambda DNA polymerase activity
downregulation of mu DNA polymerase activity
down regulation of mu DNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of mu DNA polymerase activity
downregulation of nu DNA polymerase activity
down regulation of nu DNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of nu DNA polymerase activity
downregulation of sigma DNA polymerase activity
down regulation of sigma DNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of sigma DNA polymerase activity
downregulation of theta DNA polymerase activity
down regulation of theta DNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of theta DNA polymerase activity
downregulation of zeta DNA polymerase activity
down regulation of zeta DNA polymerase activity
down-regulation of zeta DNA polymerase activity
inhibition of alpha DNA polymerase activity
inhibition of beta DNA polymerase activity
inhibition of delta DNA polymerase activity
inhibition of deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase activity
inhibition of deoxyribonucleic duplicase activity
inhibition of deoxyribonucleic polymerase I
inhibition of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity
inhibition of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
inhibition of DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
inhibition of epsilon DNA polymerase activity
inhibition of eta DNA polymerase activity
inhibition of gamma DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
inhibition of iota DNA polymerase activity
inhibition of kappa DNA polymerase activity
inhibition of lambda DNA polymerase activity
inhibition of mu DNA polymerase activity
inhibition of nu DNA polymerase activity
inhibition of sigma DNA polymerase activity
inhibition of theta DNA polymerase activity
inhibition of zeta DNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of alpha DNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of beta DNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of delta DNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
negative regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase activity
negative regulation of deoxyribonucleic duplicase activity
negative regulation of deoxyribonucleic polymerase I
negative regulation of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of DNA duplicase activity
negative regulation of DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) activity
negative regulation of DNA polymerase alpha
negative regulation of DNA polymerase beta
negative regulation of DNA polymerase gamma
negative regulation of DNA polymerase II
negative regulation of DNA polymerase III
negative regulation of DNA polymerase V activity
negative regulation of DNA replicase activity
negative regulation of epsilon DNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of eta DNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of gamma DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of iota DNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of kappa DNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of lambda DNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of mu DNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of nu DNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of sigma DNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of Taq DNA polymerase
negative regulation of Tca DNA polymerase
negative regulation of theta DNA polymerase activity
negative regulation of zeta DNA polymerase activity
regulation of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity.
negative regulation of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity.
downregulation of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
down regulation of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
down-regulation of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
inhibition of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
negative regulation of beta1 adrenoceptor
positive regulation of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity.
activation of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
positive regulation of beta1 adrenoceptor
upregulation of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
up regulation of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
up-regulation of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity.
regulation of nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed)
regulation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
regulation of ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase activity
regulation of ribonucleic acid replicase activity
regulation of ribonucleic replicase activity
regulation of ribonucleic synthetase activity
regulation of RNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase activity
regulation of RNA-dependent RNA replicase activity
regulation of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity
regulation of RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) activity
negative regulation of maltopentaose transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltopentaose transport.
downregulation of maltopentaose transport
down regulation of maltopentaose transport
down-regulation of maltopentaose transport
positive regulation of maltopentaose transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltopentaose transport.
up regulation of maltopentaose transport
up-regulation of maltopentaose transport
regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine.
negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine.
downregulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine
down regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine
down-regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine
inhibition of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltohexaose transport.
negative regulation of maltohexaose transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltohexaose transport.
downregulation of maltohexaose transport
down regulation of maltohexaose transport
down-regulation of maltohexaose transport
positive regulation of maltohexaose transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltohexaose transport.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltopentaose transport.
positive regulation of maltoheptaose transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.
up regulation of maltoheptaose transport
up-regulation of maltoheptaose transport
regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose metabolic process.
negative regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose metabolic process.
downregulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process
down regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process
down-regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process
downregulation of maltoheptaose metabolism
down regulation of maltoheptaose metabolism
down-regulation of maltoheptaose metabolism
inhibition of maltoheptaose metabolic process
negative regulation of maltoheptaose metabolism
positive regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose metabolic process.
activation of maltoheptaose metabolic process
positive regulation of maltoheptaose metabolism
upregulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process
up regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process
up-regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process
upregulation of maltoheptaose metabolism
up regulation of maltoheptaose metabolism
up-regulation of maltoheptaose metabolism
negative regulation of laminaritriose transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of laminaritriose transport.
downregulation of laminaritriose transport
down regulation of laminaritriose transport
down-regulation of laminaritriose transport
positive regulation of laminaritriose transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of laminaritriose transport.
upregulation of laminaritriose transport
up regulation of laminaritriose transport
up-regulation of laminaritriose transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.
negative regulation of maltoheptaose transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.
downregulation of maltoheptaose transport
down regulation of maltoheptaose transport
down-regulation of maltoheptaose transport
obsolete regulation of laminarabiose transport
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of laminarabiose transport.
obsolete negative regulation of laminarabiose transport
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of laminarabiose transport.
obsolete positive regulation of laminarabiose transport
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of laminarabiose transport.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of laminaritriose transport.
positive regulation of heptasaccharide transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heptasaccharide transport.
upregulation of heptasaccharide transport
up regulation of heptasaccharide transport
up-regulation of heptasaccharide transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hexasaccharide transport.
negative regulation of hexasaccharide transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hexasaccharide transport.
downregulation of hexasaccharide transport
down regulation of hexasaccharide transport
down-regulation of hexasaccharide transport
positive regulation of hexasaccharide transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hexasaccharide transport.
upregulation of hexasaccharide transport
up regulation of hexasaccharide transport
up-regulation of hexasaccharide transport
negative regulation of galactotriose transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of galactotriose transport.
downregulation of galactotriose transport
down regulation of galactotriose transport
down-regulation of galactotriose transport
positive regulation of galactotriose transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of galactotriose transport.
up regulation of galactotriose transport
up-regulation of galactotriose transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heptasaccharide transport.
negative regulation of heptasaccharide transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heptasaccharide transport.
downregulation of heptasaccharide transport
down regulation of heptasaccharide transport
down-regulation of heptasaccharide transport
regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process.
regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole breakdown
regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole catabolism
regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole reduction
regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroreductase activity
negative regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process.
downregulation of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process
down regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process
down-regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process
downregulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole breakdown
down regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole breakdown
down-regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole breakdown
downregulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole catabolism
down regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole catabolism
down-regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole catabolism
downregulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole reduction
down regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole reduction
down-regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole reduction
downregulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroreductase activity
down regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroreductase activity
down-regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroreductase activity
inhibition of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process
inhibition of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole breakdown
inhibition of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole catabolism
inhibition of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole reduction
inhibition of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroreductase activity
negative regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole breakdown
negative regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole catabolism
negative regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole reduction
negative regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroreductase activity
positive regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process.
activation of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process
activation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole breakdown
activation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole catabolism
activation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole reduction
activation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroreductase activity
positive regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole breakdown
positive regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole catabolism
positive regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole reduction
positive regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroreductase activity
upregulation of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process
up regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process
up-regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process
upregulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole breakdown
up regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole breakdown
up-regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole breakdown
upregulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole catabolism
up regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole catabolism
up-regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole catabolism
upregulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole reduction
up regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole reduction
up-regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole reduction
upregulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroreductase activity
up regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroreductase activity
up-regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent nitroreductase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of galactotriose transport.
regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine.
negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine.
downregulation of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine
down regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine
down-regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine
inhibition of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine
positive regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine.
activation of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine
upregulation of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine
up regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine
up-regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine
regulation of methanofuran biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide.
activation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide
upregulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide
up regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide
up-regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide
regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol.
negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol.
downregulation of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol
down regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol
down-regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol
inhibition of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol
positive regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol.
activation of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol
upregulation of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol
up regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol
up-regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol
negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid.
downregulation of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid
down regulation of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid
down-regulation of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid
inhibition of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid
positive regulation of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid.
activation of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid
upregulation of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid
up regulation of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid
up-regulation of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid
regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide.
negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide.
downregulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide
down regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide
down-regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide
inhibition of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide
regulation of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide.
negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide.
downregulation of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide
down regulation of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide
down-regulation of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide
inhibition of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide
positive regulation of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide.
activation of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide
upregulation of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide
up regulation of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide
up-regulation of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide
regulation of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid.
positive regulation of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine.
activation of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine
upregulation of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine
up regulation of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine
up-regulation of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine
regulation of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid.
negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid.
downregulation of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid
down regulation of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid
down-regulation of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid
inhibition of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid
positive regulation of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid.
activation of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid
upregulation of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid
up regulation of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid
up-regulation of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid
negative regulation of mannotriose transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mannotriose transport.
down regulation of mannotriose transport
down-regulation of mannotriose transport
positive regulation of mannotriose transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mannotriose transport.
regulation of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine.
negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine.
downregulation of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine
down regulation of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine
down-regulation of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine
inhibition of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltotriulose transport.
negative regulation of maltotriulose transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltotriulose transport.
downregulation of maltotriulose transport
down regulation of maltotriulose transport
down-regulation of maltotriulose transport
positive regulation of maltotriulose transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltotriulose transport.
up regulation of maltotriulose transport
up-regulation of maltotriulose transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mannotriose transport.
positive regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine.
activation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine
upregulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine
up regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine
up-regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltotetraose transport.
negative regulation of maltotetraose transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltotetraose transport.
downregulation of maltotetraose transport
down regulation of maltotetraose transport
down-regulation of maltotetraose transport
positive regulation of maltotetraose transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltotetraose transport.
up regulation of maltotetraose transport
up-regulation of maltotetraose transport
negative regulation of asperthecin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asperthecin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of asperthecin biosynthesis
down regulation of asperthecin biosynthesis
down-regulation of asperthecin biosynthesis
downregulation of asperthecin biosynthetic process
down regulation of asperthecin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of asperthecin biosynthetic process
down regulation of asperthecin formation
down-regulation of asperthecin formation
down regulation of asperthecin synthesis
down-regulation of asperthecin synthesis
inhibition of asperthecin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of asperthecin biosynthesis
negative regulation of asperthecin formation
negative regulation of asperthecin synthesis
positive regulation of asperthecin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asperthecin biosynthetic process.
activation of asperthecin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of asperthecin biosynthesis
positive regulation of asperthecin formation
positive regulation of asperthecin synthesis
upregulation of asperthecin biosynthesis
up regulation of asperthecin biosynthesis
up-regulation of asperthecin biosynthesis
upregulation of asperthecin biosynthetic process
up regulation of asperthecin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of asperthecin biosynthetic process
obsolete regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process.
regulation of synaptic plasticity by receptor localization to synapse
Any process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require, via receptor localization to the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. Processes may include receptor transport to, and/or maintenance at, the synapse.
regulation of synaptic plasticity by receptor localisation to synapse
regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process.
regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis
negative regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process.
downregulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis
down regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis
down-regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis
downregulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process
down regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process
down-regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process
inhibition of secondary metabolite biosynthesis
inhibition of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process
negative regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis
positive regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process.
activation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis
activation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process
positive regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis
upregulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis
up regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis
up-regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis
upregulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process
up regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process
up-regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process
regulation of asperthecin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asperthecin biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide biosynthetic processes.
downregulation of purine nucleotide anabolism
down regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism
down-regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism
downregulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis
down regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis
down-regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis
downregulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
down regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
down-regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
downregulation of purine nucleotide formation
down regulation of purine nucleotide formation
down-regulation of purine nucleotide formation
downregulation of purine nucleotide synthesis
down regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis
down-regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis
inhibition of purine nucleotide anabolism
inhibition of purine nucleotide biosynthesis
inhibition of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
inhibition of purine nucleotide formation
inhibition of purine nucleotide synthesis
negative regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism
negative regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis
negative regulation of purine nucleotide formation
negative regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis
positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide biosynthetic processes.
activation of purine nucleotide anabolism
activation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis
activation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
activation of purine nucleotide formation
activation of purine nucleotide synthesis
positive regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism
positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis
positive regulation of purine nucleotide formation
positive regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis
upregulation of purine nucleotide anabolism
up regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism
up-regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism
upregulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis
up regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis
up-regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis
upregulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
up regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
up-regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
upregulation of purine nucleotide formation
up regulation of purine nucleotide formation
up-regulation of purine nucleotide formation
upregulation of purine nucleotide synthesis
up regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis
up-regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis
obsolete positive regulation of mating type switching by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of mating type switching.
obsolete positive regulation of inositol biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of inositol biosynthetic process.
regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA.
negative regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA.
negative regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA
positive regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA.
regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide biosynthetic processes.
regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism
regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis
regulation of purine nucleotide formation
regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis
negative regulation of mRNA polyadenylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA polyadenylation.
downregulation of cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
down regulation of cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
down-regulation of cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
downregulation of mRNA polyadenylylation
down regulation of mRNA polyadenylylation
down-regulation of mRNA polyadenylylation
inhibition of cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
negative regulation of cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
negative regulation of mRNA polyadenylylation
positive regulation of mRNA polyadenylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA polyadenylation.
activation of cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
positive regulation of cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
positive regulation of mRNA polyadenylylation
upregulation of cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
up regulation of cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
up-regulation of cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
negative regulation of defense response to insect
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.
downregulation of defense response to insect
down regulation of defense response to insect
down-regulation of defense response to insect
downregulation of physiological defense response to insect
down regulation of physiological defense response to insect
down-regulation of physiological defense response to insect
inhibition of defense response to insect
inhibition of physiological defense response to insect
negative regulation of physiological defense response to insect
positive regulation of defense response to insect
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.
activation of defense response to insect
activation of physiological defense response to insect
positive regulation of physiological defense response to insect
upregulation of defense response to insect
up regulation of defense response to insect
up-regulation of defense response to insect
upregulation of physiological defense response to insect
up regulation of physiological defense response to insect
up-regulation of physiological defense response to insect
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pentasaccharide transport.
negative regulation of pentasaccharide transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentasaccharide transport.
downregulation of pentasaccharide transport
down regulation of pentasaccharide transport
down-regulation of pentasaccharide transport
positive regulation of pentasaccharide transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pentasaccharide transport.
upregulation of pentasaccharide transport
up regulation of pentasaccharide transport
up-regulation of pentasaccharide transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA polyadenylation.
regulation of cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
positive regulation of methanofuran metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran metabolic process.
activation of methanofuran metabolic process
positive regulation of methanofuran metabolism
upregulation of methanofuran metabolic process
up regulation of methanofuran metabolic process
up-regulation of methanofuran metabolic process
up regulation of methanofuran metabolism
up-regulation of methanofuran metabolism
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.
negative regulation of nigerotriose transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.
downregulation of nigerotriose transport
down regulation of nigerotriose transport
down-regulation of nigerotriose transport
positive regulation of nigerotriose transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.
negative regulation of methanofuran biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran biosynthetic process.
downregulation of methanofuran biosynthesis
down regulation of methanofuran biosynthesis
down-regulation of methanofuran biosynthesis
downregulation of methanofuran biosynthetic process
down regulation of methanofuran biosynthetic process
down-regulation of methanofuran biosynthetic process
inhibition of methanofuran biosynthetic process
negative regulation of methanofuran biosynthesis
positive regulation of methanofuran biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran biosynthetic process.
activation of methanofuran biosynthetic process
positive regulation of methanofuran biosynthesis
upregulation of methanofuran biosynthesis
up regulation of methanofuran biosynthesis
up-regulation of methanofuran biosynthesis
upregulation of methanofuran biosynthetic process
up regulation of methanofuran biosynthetic process
up-regulation of methanofuran biosynthetic process
regulation of methanofuran metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran metabolic process.
negative regulation of methanofuran metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran metabolic process.
downregulation of methanofuran metabolic process
down regulation of methanofuran metabolic process
down-regulation of methanofuran metabolic process
downregulation of methanofuran metabolism
down regulation of methanofuran metabolism
down-regulation of methanofuran metabolism
inhibition of methanofuran metabolic process
negative regulation of methanofuran metabolism
obsolete regulation of histone methylation by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of histone methylation.
obsolete positive regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process.
obsolete regulation of cytokinesis by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of cytokinesis.
obsolete regulation of fungal-type cell wall biogenesis by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of fungal-type cell wall biogenesis.
negative regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress.
downregulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress
down regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress
down-regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress
downregulation of cellular response to oxidative stress
down regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress
down-regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress
inhibition of adaptive response to oxidative stress
inhibition of cellular response to oxidative stress
negative regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress
positive regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress.
activation of adaptive response to oxidative stress
activation of cellular response to oxidative stress
positive regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress
upregulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress
up regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress
up-regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress
upregulation of cellular response to oxidative stress
up regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress
up-regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress
obsolete regulation of histone modification by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of histone modification.
obsolete regulation of histone acetylation by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of histone acetylation.
obsolete positive regulation of DNA repair by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of DNA repair.
obsolete regulation of cell separation after cytokinesis by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of cell separation after cytokinesis.
obsolete regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion.
regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress.
regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress
obsolete regulation of iron ion import into cell by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of iron ion import.
obsolete regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process.
obsolete negative regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of kojic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kojic acid biosynthetic process.
activation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one anabolism
activation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthesis
activation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthetic process
activation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one formation
activation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one synthesis
activation of C6H6O4 biosynthetic process
activation of kojic acid biosynthetic process
positive regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one anabolism
positive regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthesis
positive regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthetic process
positive regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one formation
positive regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one synthesis
positive regulation of C6H6O4 biosynthesis
positive regulation of C6H6O4 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of kojic acid anabolism
positive regulation of kojic acid biosynthesis
positive regulation of kojic acid formation
positive regulation of kojic acid synthesis
upregulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one anabolism
up regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one anabolism
up-regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one anabolism
upregulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthesis
up regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthesis
up-regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthesis
upregulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthetic process
up regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthetic process
up-regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthetic process
upregulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one formation
up regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one formation
up-regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one formation
upregulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one synthesis
up regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one synthesis
up-regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one synthesis
upregulation of C6H6O4 biosynthetic process
up regulation of C6H6O4 biosynthetic process
up-regulation of C6H6O4 biosynthetic process
up regulation of kojic acid biosynthesis
up-regulation of kojic acid biosynthesis
upregulation of kojic acid biosynthetic process
up regulation of kojic acid biosynthetic process
up-regulation of kojic acid biosynthetic process
regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process.
regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide anabolism
regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis
regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide formation
regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis
negative regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process.
downregulation of pyrimidine nucleotide anabolism
down regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide anabolism
down-regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide anabolism
downregulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis
down regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis
down-regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis
downregulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
down regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
down-regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
downregulation of pyrimidine nucleotide formation
down regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide formation
down-regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide formation
downregulation of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis
down regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis
down-regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis
inhibition of pyrimidine nucleotide anabolism
inhibition of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis
inhibition of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
inhibition of pyrimidine nucleotide formation
inhibition of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis
negative regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide anabolism
negative regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis
negative regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide formation
negative regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis
positive regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process.
activation of pyrimidine nucleotide anabolism
activation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis
activation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
activation of pyrimidine nucleotide formation
activation of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis
positive regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide anabolism
positive regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis
positive regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide formation
positive regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis
upregulation of pyrimidine nucleotide anabolism
up regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide anabolism
up-regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide anabolism
upregulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis
up regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis
up-regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis
upregulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
up regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
up-regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
upregulation of pyrimidine nucleotide formation
up regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide formation
up-regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide formation
upregulation of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis
up regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis
up-regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis
obsolete regulation of transport by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of transport.
regulation of kojic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kojic acid biosynthetic process.
regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one anabolism
regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthesis
regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthetic process
regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one formation
regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one synthesis
regulation of C6H6O4 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of kojic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kojic acid biosynthetic process.
downregulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one anabolism
down regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one anabolism
down-regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one anabolism
downregulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthesis
down regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthesis
down-regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthesis
downregulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthetic process
down regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthetic process
down-regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthetic process
downregulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one formation
down regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one formation
down-regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one formation
downregulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one synthesis
down regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one synthesis
down-regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one synthesis
downregulation of C6H6O4 biosynthetic process
down regulation of C6H6O4 biosynthetic process
down-regulation of C6H6O4 biosynthetic process
downregulation of kojic acid biosynthesis
down regulation of kojic acid biosynthesis
down-regulation of kojic acid biosynthesis
downregulation of kojic acid biosynthetic process
down regulation of kojic acid biosynthetic process
down-regulation of kojic acid biosynthetic process
inhibition of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one anabolism
inhibition of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthesis
inhibition of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthetic process
inhibition of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one formation
inhibition of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one synthesis
inhibition of C6H6O4 biosynthetic process
inhibition of kojic acid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one anabolism
negative regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthesis
negative regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one biosynthetic process
negative regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one formation
negative regulation of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one synthesis
negative regulation of C6H6O4 biosynthesis
negative regulation of C6H6O4 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of kojic acid anabolism
negative regulation of kojic acid biosynthesis
negative regulation of kojic acid formation
negative regulation of kojic acid synthesis
obsolete regulation of vesicle-mediated transport by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of vesicle-mediated transport.
obsolete regulation of glucose import by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of glucose import.
obsolete regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling.
regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flavonol biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flavonol biosynthetic process.
downregulation of flavonol biosynthetic process
down regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process
down-regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process
inhibition of flavonol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flavonol biosynthetic process.
activation of flavonol biosynthetic process
upregulation of flavonol biosynthetic process
up regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process
up-regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process
obsolete negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion.
negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus.
downregulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus
down regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus
down-regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus
inhibition of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus
positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus.
activation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus
upregulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus
up regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus
up-regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus
obsolete negative regulation of tRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter.
regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in phenotypic switching
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing a phenotypic switch. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, such as the opaque cells of C. albicans, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.
negative regulation of cell shape and cell size of phenotypic dimorphism
negative regulation of cell shape and cell size of phenotypic switching
positive regulation of cell shape and cell size of phenotypic dimorphism
positive regulation of cell shape and cell size of phenotypic switching
regulation of cell morphogenesis of phenotypic dimorphism
regulation of cell morphogenesis of phenotypic switching
regulation of cell shape and cell size of phenotypic dimorphism
regulation of cell shape and cell size of phenotypic switching
regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH.
negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH.
downregulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH
down regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH
down-regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH
inhibition of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH
positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH.
activation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH
upregulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH
up regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH
up-regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH
regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus.
positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.
activation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation
upregulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation
up regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation
up-regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation
regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus.
negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus.
downregulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus
down regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus
down-regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus
inhibition of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus
positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus.
activation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus
upregulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus
up regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus
up-regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus
negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat.
downregulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat
down regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat
down-regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat
inhibition of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat
positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat.
activation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat
upregulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat
up regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat
up-regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat
regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.
obsolete negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.
regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.
negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.
downregulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms
down regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms
down-regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms
inhibition of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms
positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.
activation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms
upregulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms
up regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms
up-regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms
regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat.
regulation of defense response to bacterium
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.
regulation of antibacterial peptide activity
regulation of defence response to bacteria
regulation of defence response to bacterium
regulation of defence response to bacterium, incompatible interaction
regulation of defence response to pathogenic bacteria, incompatible interaction
regulation of defence response to pathogenic bacterium, incompatible interaction
regulation of defense response to bacteria
regulation of defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction
regulation of resistance response to pathogenic bacteria
regulation of resistance response to pathogenic bacterium
negative regulation of defense response to bacterium
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.
downregulation of antibacterial peptide activity
down regulation of antibacterial peptide activity
down-regulation of antibacterial peptide activity
downregulation of defence response to bacteria
down regulation of defence response to bacteria
down-regulation of defence response to bacteria
downregulation of defence response to bacterium
down regulation of defence response to bacterium
down-regulation of defence response to bacterium
downregulation of defense response to bacteria
down regulation of defense response to bacteria
down-regulation of defense response to bacteria
downregulation of defense response to bacterium
down regulation of defense response to bacterium
down-regulation of defense response to bacterium
inhibition of antibacterial peptide activity
inhibition of defence response to bacteria
inhibition of defence response to bacterium
inhibition of defence response to pathogenic bacteria, incompatible interaction
inhibition of defence response to pathogenic bacterium, incompatible interaction
inhibition of defense response to bacteria
inhibition of defense response to bacterium
inhibition of defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction
inhibition of resistance response to pathogenic bacteria
inhibition of resistance response to pathogenic bacterium
inhibition of response to pathogenic bacteria (incompatible interaction)
inhibition of response to pathogenic bacterium (incompatible interaction)
negative regulation of antibacterial peptide activity
negative regulation of defence response to bacteria
negative regulation of defence response to bacterium
negative regulation of defense response to bacteria
negative regulation of defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction
positive regulation of defense response to bacterium
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.
activation of antibacterial peptide activity
activation of defence response to bacteria
activation of defence response to bacterium
activation of defense response to bacteria
activation of defense response to bacterium
activation of resistance response to pathogenic bacteria
activation of resistance response to pathogenic bacterium
positive regulation of antibacterial peptide activity
positive regulation of defence response to bacteria
positive regulation of defence response to bacterium
positive regulation of defense response to bacteria
positive regulation of defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction
upregulation of antibacterial peptide activity
up regulation of antibacterial peptide activity
up-regulation of antibacterial peptide activity
upregulation of defence response to bacteria
up regulation of defence response to bacteria
up-regulation of defence response to bacteria
upregulation of defence response to bacterium
up regulation of defence response to bacterium
up-regulation of defence response to bacterium
upregulation of defense response to bacteria
up regulation of defense response to bacteria
up-regulation of defense response to bacteria
upregulation of defense response to bacterium
up regulation of defense response to bacterium
up-regulation of defense response to bacterium
obsolete regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress.
negative regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular alcohol catabolic process.
downregulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process
down regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process
down-regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process
inhibition of cellular alcohol catabolic process
positive regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular alcohol catabolic process.
activation of cellular alcohol catabolic process
upregulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process
up regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process
up-regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process
obsolete positive regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process.
obsolete positive regulation of mating type switching by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of mating type switching.
obsolete regulation of 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process.
obsolete negative regulation of transmembrane transport by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of transmembrane transport.
obsolete positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process.
regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular alcohol catabolic process.
negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete positive regulation of sulfate assimilation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfate assimilation by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete positive regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete negative regulation of mating type switching by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process.
regulation of phosphatidylserine anabolism
regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthesis
regulation of phosphatidylserine formation
regulation of phosphatidylserine synthesis
negative regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process.
downregulation of phosphatidylserine anabolism
down regulation of phosphatidylserine anabolism
down-regulation of phosphatidylserine anabolism
downregulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthesis
down regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthesis
down-regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthesis
downregulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process
down regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process
down-regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process
downregulation of phosphatidylserine formation
down regulation of phosphatidylserine formation
down-regulation of phosphatidylserine formation
downregulation of phosphatidylserine synthesis
down regulation of phosphatidylserine synthesis
down-regulation of phosphatidylserine synthesis
inhibition of phosphatidylserine anabolism
inhibition of phosphatidylserine biosynthesis
inhibition of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process
inhibition of phosphatidylserine formation
inhibition of phosphatidylserine synthesis
negative regulation of phosphatidylserine anabolism
negative regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthesis
negative regulation of phosphatidylserine formation
negative regulation of phosphatidylserine synthesis
positive regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process.
activation of phosphatidylserine anabolism
activation of phosphatidylserine biosynthesis
activation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process
activation of phosphatidylserine formation
activation of phosphatidylserine synthesis
positive regulation of phosphatidylserine anabolism
positive regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthesis
positive regulation of phosphatidylserine formation
positive regulation of phosphatidylserine synthesis
upregulation of phosphatidylserine anabolism
up regulation of phosphatidylserine anabolism
up-regulation of phosphatidylserine anabolism
upregulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthesis
up regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthesis
up-regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthesis
upregulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process
up regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process
up-regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process
upregulation of phosphatidylserine formation
up regulation of phosphatidylserine formation
up-regulation of phosphatidylserine formation
upregulation of phosphatidylserine synthesis
up regulation of phosphatidylserine synthesis
up-regulation of phosphatidylserine synthesis
obsolete negative regulation of inositol biosynthetic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete negative regulation of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete negative regulation of arginine catabolic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular arginine catabolic process by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete positive regulation of arginine biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arginine biosynthetic process by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete regulation of cellular potassium ion homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular potassium ion homeostasis.
obsolete negative regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
positive regulation of pseudohyphal growth by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete negative regulation of pseudohyphal growth by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete negative regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alkalinity by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signalling
negative regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway.
downregulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway
downregulation of brassinosteroid mediated signalling
down regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signalling
down-regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signalling
inhibition of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of brassinosteroid mediated signalling
negative regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signalling
positive regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway.
activation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway
activation of brassinosteroid mediated signalling
positive regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signalling
upregulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of brassinosteroid mediated signalling
up regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signalling
up-regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signalling
regulation of long-term synaptic depression
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.
regulation of long term synaptic depression
negative regulation of long-term synaptic depression
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.
downregulation of long term synaptic depression
down regulation of long term synaptic depression
down-regulation of long term synaptic depression
inhibition of long term synaptic depression
negative regulation of long term depression
negative regulation of long term synaptic depression
positive regulation of long-term synaptic depression
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.
activation of long term synaptic depression
positive regulation of long term depression
positive regulation of long term synaptic depression
upregulation of long term synaptic depression
up regulation of long term synaptic depression
up-regulation of long term synaptic depression
obsolete regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of glutamate signaling pathway
regulation of glutamate signalling pathway
negative regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate receptor signaling pathway.
downregulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway
downregulation of glutamate signaling pathway
down regulation of glutamate signaling pathway
down-regulation of glutamate signaling pathway
downregulation of glutamate signalling pathway
down regulation of glutamate signalling pathway
down-regulation of glutamate signalling pathway
inhibition of glutamate receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of glutamate signaling pathway
inhibition of glutamate signalling pathway
negative regulation of glutamate signaling pathway
negative regulation of glutamate signalling pathway
positive regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate receptor signaling pathway.
activation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway
activation of glutamate signaling pathway
activation of glutamate signalling pathway
positive regulation of glutamate signaling pathway
positive regulation of glutamate signalling pathway
upregulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of glutamate signaling pathway
up regulation of glutamate signaling pathway
up-regulation of glutamate signaling pathway
upregulation of glutamate signalling pathway
up regulation of glutamate signalling pathway
up-regulation of glutamate signalling pathway
positive regulation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly.
activation of FeMoco biosynthetic process
activation of iron molybdenum cofactor assembly
activation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
activation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
activation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly
positive regulation of FeMoco biosynthetic process
positive regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor assembly
positive regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
positive regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
upregulation of FeMoco biosynthetic process
up regulation of FeMoco biosynthetic process
up-regulation of FeMoco biosynthetic process
upregulation of iron molybdenum cofactor assembly
up regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor assembly
up-regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor assembly
upregulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
up regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
up-regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
upregulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
up regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
up-regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
upregulation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly
up regulation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly
up-regulation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly
regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pentose catabolic process to ethanol.
regulation of pentose catabolism to ethanol
negative regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentose catabolic process to ethanol.
downregulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol
down regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol
down-regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol
downregulation of pentose catabolism to ethanol
down regulation of pentose catabolism to ethanol
down-regulation of pentose catabolism to ethanol
inhibition of pentose catabolic process to ethanol
inhibition of pentose catabolism to ethanol
negative regulation of pentose catabolism to ethanol
positive regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pentose catabolic process to ethanol.
activation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol
activation of pentose catabolism to ethanol
positive regulation of pentose catabolism to ethanol
upregulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol
up regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol
up-regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol
upregulation of pentose catabolism to ethanol
up regulation of pentose catabolism to ethanol
up-regulation of pentose catabolism to ethanol
negative regulation of cellulosome assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellulosome assembly.
positive regulation of cellulosome assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellulosome assembly.
regulation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly.
regulation of FeMoco biosynthetic process
regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor assembly
regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
negative regulation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly.
downregulation of FeMoco biosynthetic process
down regulation of FeMoco biosynthetic process
down-regulation of FeMoco biosynthetic process
downregulation of iron molybdenum cofactor assembly
down regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor assembly
down-regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor assembly
downregulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
down regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
down-regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
downregulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
down regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
down-regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
downregulation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly
down regulation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly
down-regulation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly
inhibition of FeMoco biosynthetic process
inhibition of iron molybdenum cofactor assembly
inhibition of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
inhibition of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
inhibition of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly
negative regulation of FeMoco biosynthetic process
negative regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor assembly
negative regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
negative regulation of iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate.
regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butyrate
negative regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate.
downregulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate
down regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate
down-regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate
downregulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butyrate
down regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butyrate
down-regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butyrate
inhibition of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate
inhibition of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butyrate
negative regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butyrate
positive regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate.
activation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate
activation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butyrate
positive regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butyrate
upregulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate
up regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate
up-regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate
upregulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butyrate
up regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butyrate
up-regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butyrate
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellulosome assembly.
positive regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA.
activation of butyryl-CoA biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA
activation of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA
positive regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA
upregulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA
up regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA
up-regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA
upregulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA
up regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA
up-regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA
regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol.
regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butanol
negative regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol.
downregulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol
down regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol
down-regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol
downregulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butanol
down regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butanol
down-regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butanol
inhibition of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol
inhibition of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butanol
negative regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butanol
positive regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol.
activation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol
activation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butanol
positive regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butanol
upregulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol
up regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol
up-regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol
upregulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butanol
up regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butanol
up-regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolism to butanol
negative regulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly.
downregulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly
down regulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly
down-regulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly
downregulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster biosynthetic process
down regulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster biosynthetic process
down-regulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster biosynthetic process
downregulation of 4Fe-4S cluster assembly
down regulation of 4Fe-4S cluster assembly
down-regulation of 4Fe-4S cluster assembly
inhibition of [4Fe-4S] cluster biosynthetic process
negative regulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster biosynthetic process
negative regulation of 4Fe-4S cluster assembly
positive regulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly.
activation of [4Fe-4S] cluster biosynthetic process
positive regulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster biosynthetic process
positive regulation of 4Fe-4S cluster assembly
upregulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly
up regulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly
up-regulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly
upregulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster biosynthetic process
up regulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster biosynthetic process
up-regulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster biosynthetic process
up regulation of 4Fe-4S cluster assembly
up-regulation of 4Fe-4S cluster assembly
regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA.
regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA
negative regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA.
downregulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA
down regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA
down-regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA
downregulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA
down regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA
down-regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA
inhibition of butyryl-CoA biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA
inhibition of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA
negative regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA
negative regulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly.
downregulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly
down regulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly
down-regulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly
downregulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster biosynthetic process
down regulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster biosynthetic process
down-regulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster biosynthetic process
downregulation of 2Fe-2S cluster assembly
down regulation of 2Fe-2S cluster assembly
down-regulation of 2Fe-2S cluster assembly
inhibition of [2Fe-2S] cluster biosynthetic process
negative regulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster biosynthetic process
negative regulation of 2Fe-2S cluster assembly
positive regulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly.
activation of [2Fe-2S] cluster biosynthetic process
positive regulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster biosynthetic process
positive regulation of 2Fe-2S cluster assembly
upregulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly
up regulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly
up-regulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly
upregulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster biosynthetic process
up regulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster biosynthetic process
up-regulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster biosynthetic process
up regulation of 2Fe-2S cluster assembly
up-regulation of 2Fe-2S cluster assembly
obsolete positive regulation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly.
regulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster biosynthetic process
negative regulation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane.
downregulation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane
down regulation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane
down-regulation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane
inhibition of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane
positive regulation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane.
activation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane
upregulation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane
up regulation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane
up-regulation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane
positive regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway.
activation of acetate-mevalonate pathway
activation of isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate pathway
activation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway
activation of isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway
activation of isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate pathway
positive regulation of acetate-mevalonate pathway
positive regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate pathway
positive regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway
positive regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate pathway
upregulation of acetate-mevalonate pathway
up regulation of acetate-mevalonate pathway
up-regulation of acetate-mevalonate pathway
upregulation of isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate pathway
up regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate pathway
up-regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate pathway
upregulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway
up regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway
up-regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway
upregulation of isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway
up regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway
up-regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway
upregulation of isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate pathway
up regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate pathway
up-regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly.
regulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster biosynthetic process
regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process.
regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthesis
negative regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process.
downregulation of diacylglycerol anabolism
down regulation of diacylglycerol anabolism
down-regulation of diacylglycerol anabolism
downregulation of diacylglycerol biosynthesis
down regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthesis
down-regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthesis
downregulation of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process
down regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process
down-regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process
downregulation of diacylglycerol formation
down regulation of diacylglycerol formation
down-regulation of diacylglycerol formation
downregulation of diacylglycerol synthesis
down regulation of diacylglycerol synthesis
down-regulation of diacylglycerol synthesis
inhibition of diacylglycerol biosynthesis
inhibition of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process
negative regulation of diacylglycerol anabolism
negative regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthesis
negative regulation of diacylglycerol formation
negative regulation of diacylglycerol synthesis
positive regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process.
activation of diacylglycerol biosynthesis
activation of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of diacylglycerol anabolism
positive regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthesis
positive regulation of diacylglycerol formation
positive regulation of diacylglycerol synthesis
upregulation of diacylglycerol anabolism
up regulation of diacylglycerol anabolism
up-regulation of diacylglycerol anabolism
upregulation of diacylglycerol biosynthesis
up regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthesis
up-regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthesis
upregulation of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process
up regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process
up-regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process
upregulation of diacylglycerol formation
up regulation of diacylglycerol formation
up-regulation of diacylglycerol formation
upregulation of diacylglycerol synthesis
up regulation of diacylglycerol synthesis
up-regulation of diacylglycerol synthesis
regulation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumonisin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumonisin.
regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process.
regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism
negative regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process.
downregulation of purine metabolic process
down regulation of purine metabolic process
down-regulation of purine metabolic process
downregulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process
down regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process
down-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process
downregulation of purine nucleotide metabolism
down regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism
down-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism
inhibition of purine nucleotide metabolic process
inhibition of purine nucleotide metabolism
negative regulation of purine metabolic process
negative regulation of purine metabolism
negative regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism
obsolete regulation of glucose homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose homeostasis.
obsolete negative regulation of glucose homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucose homeostasis.
obsolete positive regulation of glucose homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose homeostasis.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumonisin.
obsolete negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in cellular hyperosmotic response
OBSOLETE. Negative regulation of cell proliferation during cellular hyperosmotic response.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving palmitic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of palmitic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of palmitic acid.
obsolete regulation of cell shape involved in G1 to G0 transition
OBSOLETE. Any regulation of cell shape that is involved in G1 to G0 transition.
obsolete regulation of cell shape involved in cellular response to glucose starvation
OBSOLETE. Any regulation of cell shape that is involved in cellular response to glucose starvation.
obsolete regulation of cell shape involved in cellular response to salt stress
OBSOLETE. Any regulation of cell shape that is involved in cellular response to salt stress.
obsolete regulation of cell shape involved in cellular response to heat
OBSOLETE. Any regulation of cell shape that is involved in cellular response to heat.
obsolete positive regulation of flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction process by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete positive regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete negative regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete regulation of nucleus size involved in G1 to G0 transition
OBSOLETE. Any regulation of nucleus size that is involved in G1 to G0 transition.
positive regulation of response to pullulan
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to pullulan.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to amylopectin.
negative regulation of response to amylopectin
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to amylopectin.
downregulation of response to amylopectin
down regulation of response to amylopectin
down-regulation of response to amylopectin
positive regulation of response to amylopectin
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to amylopectin.
up regulation of response to amylopectin
up-regulation of response to amylopectin
negative regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xylose catabolic process to ethanol.
downregulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol
down regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol
down-regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol
downregulation of xylose catabolism to ethanol
down regulation of xylose catabolism to ethanol
down-regulation of xylose catabolism to ethanol
inhibition of xylose catabolic process to ethanol
inhibition of xylose catabolism to ethanol
negative regulation of xylose catabolism to ethanol
positive regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xylose catabolic process to ethanol.
activation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol
activation of xylose catabolism to ethanol
positive regulation of xylose catabolism to ethanol
upregulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol
up regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol
up-regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol
upregulation of xylose catabolism to ethanol
up regulation of xylose catabolism to ethanol
up-regulation of xylose catabolism to ethanol
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to pullulan.
negative regulation of response to pullulan
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to pullulan.
regulation of starch utilization system complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of starch utilization system complex assembly.
regulation of assembly of starch utilization system complex
negative regulation of starch utilization system complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of starch utilization system complex assembly.
downregulation of assembly of starch utilization system complex
down regulation of assembly of starch utilization system complex
down-regulation of assembly of starch utilization system complex
downregulation of starch utilization system complex assembly
down regulation of starch utilization system complex assembly
down-regulation of starch utilization system complex assembly
inhibition of assembly of starch utilization system complex
inhibition of starch utilization system complex assembly
negative regulation of assembly of starch utilization system complex
negative regulation of SUS complex assembly
positive regulation of starch utilization system complex assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of starch utilization system complex assembly.
activation of assembly of starch utilization system complex
activation of starch utilization system complex assembly
positive regulation of assembly of starch utilization system complex
positive regulation of SUS complex assembly
upregulation of assembly of starch utilization system complex
up regulation of assembly of starch utilization system complex
up-regulation of assembly of starch utilization system complex
upregulation of starch utilization system complex assembly
up regulation of starch utilization system complex assembly
up-regulation of starch utilization system complex assembly
regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xylose catabolic process to ethanol.
regulation of xylose catabolism to ethanol
The chemical reactions and pathways involving emodin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diorcinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emodin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emodin.
chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde. Chanoclavine-I aldehyde is at a branching point in the biosynthetic pathways of fumigaclavine C and ergotamine.
obsolete chanoclavine-I aldehyde catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chanoclavine-I aldehyde.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diorcinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving diorcinol.
obsolete chanoclavine-I catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chanoclavine-I.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chanoclavine-I.
chanoclavine-I aldehyde metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chanoclavine-I aldehyde.
obsolete chanoclavine-I biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chanoclavine-I.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dehydroaustinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of austinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dehydroaustinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dehydroaustinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellamide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellamide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of austinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving austinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of asperfuranone.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving asperfuranone.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving emericellamide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asperfuranone.
N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.
N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.
N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.
N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C anabolism
N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthesis
N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C formation
N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C synthesis
N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.
N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C breakdown
N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C catabolism
N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C degradation
obsolete regulation of phenotypic switching by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of phenotypic switching.
positive regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process.
activation of purine nucleotide metabolic process
activation of purine nucleotide metabolism
positive regulation of purine metabolic process
positive regulation of purine metabolism
positive regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism
upregulation of purine metabolic process
up regulation of purine metabolic process
up-regulation of purine metabolic process
upregulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process
up regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process
up-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process
upregulation of purine nucleotide metabolism
up regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism
up-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism
obsolete negative regulation of phenotypic switching by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of phenotypic switching.
obsolete positive regulation of phenotypic switching by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of phenotypic switching.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tensidol A.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tensidol A.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tensidol B.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tensidol B.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of endocrocin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving endocrocin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tensidol A.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of endocrocin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving demethylkotanin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-kotanin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of demethylkotanin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of demethylkotanin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of violaceol II.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of violaceol II.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-kotanin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-kotanin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of violaceol I.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving violaceol I.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving violaceol II.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of violaceol I.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving arugosin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of o-orsellinic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arugosin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arugosin.
(17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol.
(17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol anabolism
(17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol biosynthesis
(17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol formation
(17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol synthesis
(17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol.
(17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol breakdown
(17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol catabolism
(17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of o-orsellinic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving o-orsellinic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gerfelin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving gerfelin.
(17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol.
(17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gerfelin.
regulation of asperfuranone biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asperfuranone biosynthetic process.
regulation of asperfuranone biosynthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heptadecane.
positive regulation of asperfuranone biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asperfuranone biosynthetic process.
activation of asperfuranone biosynthesis
activation of asperfuranone biosynthetic process
positive regulation of asperfuranone anabolism
positive regulation of asperfuranone biosynthesis
positive regulation of asperfuranone formation
positive regulation of asperfuranone synthesis
up regulation of asperfuranone anabolism
up-regulation of asperfuranone anabolism
upregulation of asperfuranone biosynthesis
up regulation of asperfuranone biosynthesis
up-regulation of asperfuranone biosynthesis
upregulation of asperfuranone biosynthetic process
up regulation of asperfuranone biosynthetic process
up-regulation of asperfuranone biosynthetic process
up regulation of asperfuranone formation
up-regulation of asperfuranone formation
up regulation of asperfuranone synthesis
up-regulation of asperfuranone synthesis
negative regulation of asperfuranone biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asperfuranone biosynthetic process.
downregulation of asperfuranone anabolism
down regulation of asperfuranone anabolism
down-regulation of asperfuranone anabolism
downregulation of asperfuranone biosynthesis
down regulation of asperfuranone biosynthesis
down-regulation of asperfuranone biosynthesis
downregulation of asperfuranone biosynthetic process
down regulation of asperfuranone biosynthetic process
down-regulation of asperfuranone biosynthetic process
downregulation of asperfuranone formation
down regulation of asperfuranone formation
down-regulation of asperfuranone formation
downregulation of asperfuranone synthesis
down regulation of asperfuranone synthesis
down-regulation of asperfuranone synthesis
inhibition of asperfuranone biosynthesis
inhibition of asperfuranone biosynthetic process
negative regulation of asperfuranone anabolism
negative regulation of asperfuranone biosynthesis
negative regulation of asperfuranone formation
negative regulation of asperfuranone synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentadecane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tridecane.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving heptadecane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentadecane.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanophenazine.
positive regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arugosin biosynthetic process.
activation of arugosin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of arugosin anabolism
positive regulation of arugosin biosynthesis
positive regulation of arugosin formation
positive regulation of arugosin synthesis
upregulation of arugosin biosynthetic process
up regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tridecane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methanophenazine.
positive regulation of monocyte aggregation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte aggregation.
activation of mononuclear phagocyte aggregation
positive regulation of mononuclear phagocyte aggregation
upregulation of mononuclear phagocyte aggregation
up regulation of mononuclear phagocyte aggregation
up-regulation of mononuclear phagocyte aggregation
negative regulation of monocyte aggregation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte aggregation.
downregulation of mononuclear phagocyte aggregation
down regulation of mononuclear phagocyte aggregation
down-regulation of mononuclear phagocyte aggregation
inhibition of mononuclear phagocyte aggregation
negative regulation of mononuclear phagocyte aggregation
negative regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arugosin biosynthetic process.
down regulation of arugosin biosynthesis
down-regulation of arugosin biosynthesis
downregulation of arugosin biosynthetic process
down regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process
inhibition of arugosin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of arugosin anabolism
negative regulation of arugosin biosynthesis
negative regulation of arugosin formation
negative regulation of arugosin synthesis
regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arugosin biosynthetic process.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling
OBSOLETE. Calcium-mediated signaling that results in regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an acetate esteran acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte aggregation.
regulation of mononuclear phagocyte aggregation
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling
OBSOLETE. Calcium-mediated signaling that results in positive regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellamide A.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellamide A.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.
regulation of shoot system morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot morphogenesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of F-9775B.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving F-9775B.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving emericellamide A.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of F-9775B.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving F-9775A.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tensidol B.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of F-9775A.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of F-9775A.
positive regulation of endocrocin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocrocin biosynthetic process.
activation of endocrocin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of endocrocin anabolism
positive regulation of endocrocin biosynthesis
positive regulation of endocrocin formation
positive regulation of endocrocin synthesis
up regulation of endocrocin biosynthesis
up-regulation of endocrocin biosynthesis
upregulation of endocrocin biosynthetic process
up regulation of endocrocin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of endocrocin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of endocrocin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocrocin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of endocrocin biosynthesis
down regulation of endocrocin biosynthesis
down-regulation of endocrocin biosynthesis
downregulation of endocrocin biosynthetic process
down regulation of endocrocin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of endocrocin biosynthetic process
inhibition of endocrocin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of endocrocin anabolism
negative regulation of endocrocin biosynthesis
negative regulation of endocrocin formation
negative regulation of endocrocin synthesis
negative regulation of F-9775A biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of F-9775A biosynthetic process.
downregulation of F-9775A biosynthetic process
down regulation of F-9775A biosynthetic process
down-regulation of F-9775A biosynthetic process
inhibition of F-9775A biosynthetic process
negative regulation of F-9775A anabolism
negative regulation of F-9775A biosynthesis
negative regulation of F-9775A formation
negative regulation of F-9775A synthesis
regulation of F-9775A biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of F-9775A biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of emodin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of emodin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of emodin biosynthetic process
down regulation of emodin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of emodin biosynthetic process
inhibition of emodin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of emodin biosynthesis
regulation of emodin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of emodin biosynthetic process.
regulation of endocrocin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocrocin biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of emodin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of emodin biosynthetic process.
activation of emodin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of emodin biosynthesis
upregulation of emodin biosynthetic process
up regulation of emodin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of emodin biosynthetic process
regulation of emericellamide A biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of emericellamide A biosynthetic process.
regulation of emericellamide A anabolism
regulation of emericellamide A biosynthesis
regulation of emericellamide A formation
regulation of emericellamide A synthesis
positive regulation of emericellamide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of emericellamide biosynthetic process.
activation of emericellamide biosynthesis
activation of emericellamide biosynthetic process
positive regulation of emericellamide anabolism
positive regulation of emericellamide biosynthesis
positive regulation of emericellamide formation
positive regulation of emericellamide synthesis
upregulation of emericellamide anabolism
up regulation of emericellamide anabolism
up-regulation of emericellamide anabolism
upregulation of emericellamide biosynthesis
up regulation of emericellamide biosynthesis
up-regulation of emericellamide biosynthesis
upregulation of emericellamide biosynthetic process
up regulation of emericellamide biosynthetic process
up-regulation of emericellamide biosynthetic process
upregulation of emericellamide formation
up regulation of emericellamide formation
up-regulation of emericellamide formation
upregulation of emericellamide synthesis
up regulation of emericellamide synthesis
up-regulation of emericellamide synthesis
positive regulation of emericellamide A biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of emericellamide A biosynthetic process.
activation of emericellamide A anabolism
activation of emericellamide A biosynthesis
activation of emericellamide A biosynthetic process
activation of emericellamide A formation
activation of emericellamide A synthesis
positive regulation of emericellamide A anabolism
positive regulation of emericellamide A biosynthesis
positive regulation of emericellamide A formation
positive regulation of emericellamide A synthesis
upregulation of emericellamide A anabolism
up regulation of emericellamide A anabolism
up-regulation of emericellamide A anabolism
upregulation of emericellamide A biosynthesis
up regulation of emericellamide A biosynthesis
up-regulation of emericellamide A biosynthesis
upregulation of emericellamide A biosynthetic process
up regulation of emericellamide A biosynthetic process
up-regulation of emericellamide A biosynthetic process
upregulation of emericellamide A formation
up regulation of emericellamide A formation
up-regulation of emericellamide A formation
upregulation of emericellamide A synthesis
up regulation of emericellamide A synthesis
up-regulation of emericellamide A synthesis
negative regulation of emericellamide A biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of emericellamide A biosynthetic process.
downregulation of emericellamide A anabolism
down regulation of emericellamide A anabolism
down-regulation of emericellamide A anabolism
downregulation of emericellamide A biosynthesis
down regulation of emericellamide A biosynthesis
down-regulation of emericellamide A biosynthesis
downregulation of emericellamide A biosynthetic process
down regulation of emericellamide A biosynthetic process
down-regulation of emericellamide A biosynthetic process
downregulation of emericellamide A formation
down regulation of emericellamide A formation
down-regulation of emericellamide A formation
downregulation of emericellamide A synthesis
down regulation of emericellamide A synthesis
down-regulation of emericellamide A synthesis
inhibition of emericellamide A anabolism
inhibition of emericellamide A biosynthesis
inhibition of emericellamide A biosynthetic process
inhibition of emericellamide A formation
inhibition of emericellamide A synthesis
negative regulation of emericellamide A anabolism
negative regulation of emericellamide A biosynthesis
negative regulation of emericellamide A formation
negative regulation of emericellamide A synthesis
positive regulation of diorcinol biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of diorcinol biosynthetic process.
activation of diorcinol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of diorcinol anabolism
positive regulation of diorcinol biosynthesis
positive regulation of diorcinol formation
positive regulation of diorcinol synthesis
upregulation of diorcinol biosynthetic process
up regulation of diorcinol biosynthetic process
up-regulation of diorcinol biosynthetic process
negative regulation of diorcinol biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of diorcinol biosynthetic process.
downregulation of diorcinol biosynthesis
down regulation of diorcinol biosynthesis
down-regulation of diorcinol biosynthesis
downregulation of diorcinol biosynthetic process
down regulation of diorcinol biosynthetic process
down-regulation of diorcinol biosynthetic process
inhibition of diorcinol biosynthetic process
negative regulation of diorcinol anabolism
negative regulation of diorcinol biosynthesis
negative regulation of diorcinol formation
negative regulation of diorcinol synthesis
negative regulation of emericellamide biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of emericellamide biosynthetic process.
downregulation of emericellamide anabolism
down regulation of emericellamide anabolism
down-regulation of emericellamide anabolism
downregulation of emericellamide biosynthesis
down regulation of emericellamide biosynthesis
down-regulation of emericellamide biosynthesis
downregulation of emericellamide biosynthetic process
down regulation of emericellamide biosynthetic process
down-regulation of emericellamide biosynthetic process
downregulation of emericellamide formation
down regulation of emericellamide formation
down-regulation of emericellamide formation
downregulation of emericellamide synthesis
down regulation of emericellamide synthesis
down-regulation of emericellamide synthesis
inhibition of emericellamide biosynthesis
inhibition of emericellamide biosynthetic process
negative regulation of emericellamide anabolism
negative regulation of emericellamide biosynthesis
negative regulation of emericellamide formation
negative regulation of emericellamide synthesis
regulation of emericellamide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of emericellamide biosynthetic process.
regulation of emericellamide biosynthesis
negative regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of demethylkotanin anabolism
down regulation of demethylkotanin anabolism
down-regulation of demethylkotanin anabolism
downregulation of demethylkotanin biosynthesis
down regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthesis
down-regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthesis
downregulation of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process
down regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process
downregulation of demethylkotanin formation
down regulation of demethylkotanin formation
down-regulation of demethylkotanin formation
downregulation of demethylkotanin synthesis
down regulation of demethylkotanin synthesis
down-regulation of demethylkotanin synthesis
inhibition of demethylkotanin biosynthesis
inhibition of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of demethylkotanin anabolism
negative regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthesis
negative regulation of demethylkotanin formation
negative regulation of demethylkotanin synthesis
regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process.
regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthesis
regulation of diorcinol biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of diorcinol biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process.
activation of demethylkotanin biosynthesis
activation of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of demethylkotanin anabolism
positive regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthesis
positive regulation of demethylkotanin formation
positive regulation of demethylkotanin synthesis
upregulation of demethylkotanin anabolism
up regulation of demethylkotanin anabolism
up-regulation of demethylkotanin anabolism
upregulation of demethylkotanin biosynthesis
up regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthesis
up-regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthesis
upregulation of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process
up regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process
upregulation of demethylkotanin formation
up regulation of demethylkotanin formation
up-regulation of demethylkotanin formation
upregulation of demethylkotanin synthesis
up regulation of demethylkotanin synthesis
up-regulation of demethylkotanin synthesis
regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process.
regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthesis
positive regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process.
activation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde anabolism
activation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthesis
activation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process
activation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde formation
activation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde synthesis
positive regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde anabolism
positive regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthesis
positive regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde formation
positive regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde synthesis
upregulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde anabolism
up regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde anabolism
up-regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde anabolism
upregulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthesis
up regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthesis
up-regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthesis
upregulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process
up regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process
up-regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process
upregulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde formation
up regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde formation
up-regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde formation
upregulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde synthesis
up regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde synthesis
up-regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde synthesis
positive regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process.
activation of dehydroaustinol biosynthesis
activation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of dehydroaustinol anabolism
positive regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthesis
positive regulation of dehydroaustinol formation
positive regulation of dehydroaustinol synthesis
upregulation of dehydroaustinol anabolism
up regulation of dehydroaustinol anabolism
up-regulation of dehydroaustinol anabolism
upregulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthesis
up regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthesis
up-regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthesis
upregulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process
up regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process
up-regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process
upregulation of dehydroaustinol formation
up regulation of dehydroaustinol formation
up-regulation of dehydroaustinol formation
upregulation of dehydroaustinol synthesis
up regulation of dehydroaustinol synthesis
up-regulation of dehydroaustinol synthesis
negative regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process.
downregulation of dehydroaustinol anabolism
down regulation of dehydroaustinol anabolism
down-regulation of dehydroaustinol anabolism
downregulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthesis
down regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthesis
down-regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthesis
downregulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process
down regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process
down-regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process
downregulation of dehydroaustinol formation
down regulation of dehydroaustinol formation
down-regulation of dehydroaustinol formation
downregulation of dehydroaustinol synthesis
down regulation of dehydroaustinol synthesis
down-regulation of dehydroaustinol synthesis
inhibition of dehydroaustinol biosynthesis
inhibition of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process
negative regulation of dehydroaustinol anabolism
negative regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthesis
negative regulation of dehydroaustinol formation
negative regulation of dehydroaustinol synthesis
obsolete positive regulation of chanoclavine-I biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I biosynthetic process.
obsolete negative regulation of chanoclavine-I biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process.
downregulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde anabolism
down regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde anabolism
down-regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde anabolism
downregulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthesis
down regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthesis
down-regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthesis
downregulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process
down regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process
down-regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process
downregulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde formation
down regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde formation
down-regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde formation
downregulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde synthesis
down regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde synthesis
down-regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde synthesis
inhibition of chanoclavine-I aldehyde anabolism
inhibition of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthesis
inhibition of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process
inhibition of chanoclavine-I aldehyde formation
inhibition of chanoclavine-I aldehyde synthesis
negative regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde anabolism
negative regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthesis
negative regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde formation
negative regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde synthesis
regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process.
regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde anabolism
regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthesis
regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde formation
regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde synthesis
negative regulation of austinol biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of austinol biosynthetic process.
down regulation of austinol biosynthesis
down-regulation of austinol biosynthesis
downregulation of austinol biosynthetic process
down regulation of austinol biosynthetic process
down-regulation of austinol biosynthetic process
inhibition of austinol biosynthetic process
negative regulation of austinol anabolism
negative regulation of austinol biosynthesis
negative regulation of austinol formation
negative regulation of austinol synthesis
regulation of austinol biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of austinol biosynthetic process.
obsolete regulation of chanoclavine-I biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of austinol biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of austinol biosynthetic process.
activation of austinol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of austinol anabolism
positive regulation of austinol biosynthesis
positive regulation of austinol formation
positive regulation of austinol synthesis
upregulation of austinol biosynthetic process
up regulation of austinol biosynthetic process
up-regulation of austinol biosynthetic process
regulation of orcinol biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of orcinol biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process.
activation of o-orsellinic acid anabolism
activation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthesis
activation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process
activation of o-orsellinic acid formation
activation of o-orsellinic acid synthesis
positive regulation of o-orsellinic acid anabolism
positive regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthesis
positive regulation of o-orsellinic acid formation
positive regulation of o-orsellinic acid synthesis
upregulation of o-orsellinic acid anabolism
up regulation of o-orsellinic acid anabolism
up-regulation of o-orsellinic acid anabolism
upregulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthesis
up regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthesis
up-regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthesis
upregulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process
up regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process
up-regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process
upregulation of o-orsellinic acid formation
up regulation of o-orsellinic acid formation
up-regulation of o-orsellinic acid formation
upregulation of o-orsellinic acid synthesis
up regulation of o-orsellinic acid synthesis
up-regulation of o-orsellinic acid synthesis
positive regulation of orcinol biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of orcinol biosynthetic process.
activation of orcinol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of orcinol anabolism
positive regulation of orcinol biosynthesis
positive regulation of orcinol formation
positive regulation of orcinol synthesis
upregulation of orcinol biosynthetic process
up regulation of orcinol biosynthetic process
up-regulation of orcinol biosynthetic process
negative regulation of orcinol biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of orcinol biosynthetic process.
downregulation of orcinol biosynthetic process
down regulation of orcinol biosynthetic process
down-regulation of orcinol biosynthetic process
inhibition of orcinol biosynthetic process
negative regulation of orcinol anabolism
negative regulation of orcinol biosynthesis
negative regulation of orcinol formation
negative regulation of orcinol synthesis
positive regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process.
activation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C anabolism
activation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthesis
activation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process
activation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C formation
activation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C synthesis
positive regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C anabolism
positive regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthesis
positive regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C formation
positive regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C synthesis
upregulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C anabolism
up regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C anabolism
up-regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C anabolism
upregulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthesis
up regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthesis
up-regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthesis
upregulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process
up regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process
up-regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process
upregulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C formation
up regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C formation
up-regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C formation
upregulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C synthesis
up regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C synthesis
up-regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C synthesis
negative regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process.
downregulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C anabolism
down regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C anabolism
down-regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C anabolism
downregulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthesis
down regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthesis
down-regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthesis
downregulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process
down regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process
down-regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process
downregulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C formation
down regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C formation
down-regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C formation
downregulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C synthesis
down regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C synthesis
down-regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C synthesis
inhibition of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C anabolism
inhibition of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthesis
inhibition of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process
inhibition of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C formation
inhibition of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C synthesis
negative regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C anabolism
negative regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthesis
negative regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C formation
negative regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C synthesis
negative regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process.
downregulation of o-orsellinic acid anabolism
down regulation of o-orsellinic acid anabolism
down-regulation of o-orsellinic acid anabolism
downregulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthesis
down regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthesis
down-regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthesis
downregulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process
down regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process
down-regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process
downregulation of o-orsellinic acid formation
down regulation of o-orsellinic acid formation
down-regulation of o-orsellinic acid formation
downregulation of o-orsellinic acid synthesis
down regulation of o-orsellinic acid synthesis
down-regulation of o-orsellinic acid synthesis
inhibition of o-orsellinic acid anabolism
inhibition of o-orsellinic acid biosynthesis
inhibition of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process
inhibition of o-orsellinic acid formation
inhibition of o-orsellinic acid synthesis
negative regulation of o-orsellinic acid anabolism
negative regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthesis
negative regulation of o-orsellinic acid formation
negative regulation of o-orsellinic acid synthesis
regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process.
regulation of o-orsellinic acid anabolism
regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthesis
regulation of o-orsellinic acid formation
regulation of o-orsellinic acid synthesis
negative regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process.
down regulation of (+)-kotanin anabolism
down-regulation of (+)-kotanin anabolism
downregulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthesis
down regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthesis
down-regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthesis
downregulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process
down regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process
down regulation of (+)-kotanin formation
down-regulation of (+)-kotanin formation
down regulation of (+)-kotanin synthesis
down-regulation of (+)-kotanin synthesis
inhibition of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of (+)-kotanin anabolism
negative regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthesis
negative regulation of (+)-kotanin formation
negative regulation of (+)-kotanin synthesis
regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process.
regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process.
regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C anabolism
regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthesis
regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C formation
regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C synthesis
positive regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process.
activation of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of (+)-kotanin anabolism
positive regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthesis
positive regulation of (+)-kotanin formation
positive regulation of (+)-kotanin synthesis
upregulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthesis
up regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthesis
up-regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthesis
upregulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process
up regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process
regulation of gliotoxin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gliotoxin biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of gerfelin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gerfelin biosynthetic process.
activation of gerfelin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of gerfelin anabolism
positive regulation of gerfelin biosynthesis
positive regulation of gerfelin formation
positive regulation of gerfelin synthesis
upregulation of gerfelin biosynthetic process
up regulation of gerfelin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of gerfelin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of gliotoxin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gliotoxin biosynthetic process.
activation of gliotoxin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of gliotoxin anabolism
positive regulation of gliotoxin biosynthesis
positive regulation of gliotoxin formation
positive regulation of gliotoxin synthesis
upregulation of gliotoxin biosynthetic process
up regulation of gliotoxin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of gliotoxin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of gliotoxin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gliotoxin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of gliotoxin biosynthesis
down regulation of gliotoxin biosynthesis
down-regulation of gliotoxin biosynthesis
downregulation of gliotoxin biosynthetic process
down regulation of gliotoxin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of gliotoxin biosynthetic process
inhibition of gliotoxin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of gliotoxin anabolism
negative regulation of gliotoxin biosynthesis
negative regulation of gliotoxin formation
negative regulation of gliotoxin synthesis
positive regulation of fumonisin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fumonisin biosynthetic process.
activation of fumonisin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of fumonisin anabolism
positive regulation of fumonisin biosynthesis
positive regulation of fumonisin formation
positive regulation of fumonisin synthesis
upregulation of fumonisin biosynthetic process
up regulation of fumonisin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of fumonisin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of fumonisin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fumonisin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of fumonisin biosynthesis
down regulation of fumonisin biosynthesis
down-regulation of fumonisin biosynthesis
downregulation of fumonisin biosynthetic process
down regulation of fumonisin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of fumonisin biosynthetic process
inhibition of fumonisin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of fumonisin anabolism
negative regulation of fumonisin biosynthesis
negative regulation of fumonisin formation
negative regulation of fumonisin synthesis
negative regulation of gerfelin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gerfelin biosynthetic process.
down regulation of gerfelin biosynthesis
down-regulation of gerfelin biosynthesis
downregulation of gerfelin biosynthetic process
down regulation of gerfelin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of gerfelin biosynthetic process
inhibition of gerfelin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of gerfelin anabolism
negative regulation of gerfelin biosynthesis
negative regulation of gerfelin formation
negative regulation of gerfelin synthesis
regulation of gerfelin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gerfelin biosynthetic process.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving octadecene.
positive regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferricrocin biosynthetic process.
activation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process
activation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
activation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
positive regulation of ferricrocin anabolism
positive regulation of ferricrocin biosynthesis
positive regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
positive regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
positive regulation of ferricrocin formation
positive regulation of ferricrocin synthesis
upregulation of ferricrocin biosynthesis
up regulation of ferricrocin biosynthesis
up-regulation of ferricrocin biosynthesis
upregulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process
up regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process
upregulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
up regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
up-regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
upregulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
up regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
up-regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
regulation of fumonisin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fumonisin biosynthetic process.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octadecene.
positive regulation of F-9775B biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of F-9775B biosynthetic process.
activation of F-9775B biosynthetic process
positive regulation of F-9775B anabolism
positive regulation of F-9775B biosynthesis
positive regulation of F-9775B formation
positive regulation of F-9775B synthesis
upregulation of F-9775B biosynthetic process
up regulation of F-9775B biosynthetic process
up-regulation of F-9775B biosynthetic process
negative regulation of F-9775B biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of F-9775B biosynthetic process.
downregulation of F-9775B biosynthetic process
down regulation of F-9775B biosynthetic process
down-regulation of F-9775B biosynthetic process
inhibition of F-9775B biosynthetic process
negative regulation of F-9775B anabolism
negative regulation of F-9775B biosynthesis
negative regulation of F-9775B formation
negative regulation of F-9775B synthesis
negative regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ferricrocin biosynthetic process.
down regulation of ferricrocin anabolism
down-regulation of ferricrocin anabolism
downregulation of ferricrocin biosynthesis
down regulation of ferricrocin biosynthesis
down-regulation of ferricrocin biosynthesis
downregulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process
down regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process
downregulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
down regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
down-regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
downregulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
down regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
down-regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
down regulation of ferricrocin formation
down-regulation of ferricrocin formation
down regulation of ferricrocin synthesis
down-regulation of ferricrocin synthesis
inhibition of ferricrocin biosynthetic process
inhibition of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
inhibition of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
negative regulation of ferricrocin anabolism
negative regulation of ferricrocin biosynthesis
negative regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
negative regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
negative regulation of ferricrocin formation
negative regulation of ferricrocin synthesis
regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferricrocin biosynthetic process.
regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
The chemical reactions and pathways involving olefin.
positive regulation of F-9775A biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of F-9775A biosynthetic process.
activation of F-9775A biosynthetic process
positive regulation of F-9775A anabolism
positive regulation of F-9775A biosynthesis
positive regulation of F-9775A formation
positive regulation of F-9775A synthesis
upregulation of F-9775A biosynthetic process
up regulation of F-9775A biosynthetic process
up-regulation of F-9775A biosynthetic process
regulation of F-9775B biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of F-9775B biosynthetic process.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of olefin.
negative regulation of polyketide biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polyketide biosynthetic process.
downregulation of polyketide biosynthesis
down regulation of polyketide biosynthesis
down-regulation of polyketide biosynthesis
downregulation of polyketide biosynthetic process
down regulation of polyketide biosynthetic process
down-regulation of polyketide biosynthetic process
inhibition of polyketide biosynthetic process
negative regulation of polyketide anabolism
negative regulation of polyketide biosynthesis
negative regulation of polyketide formation
negative regulation of polyketide synthesis
regulation of polyketide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polyketide biosynthetic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flocculation.
activation of flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction
positive regulation of flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction
upregulation of flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction
up regulation of flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction
up-regulation of flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction
positive regulation of polyketide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polyketide biosynthetic process.
activation of polyketide biosynthetic process
positive regulation of polyketide anabolism
positive regulation of polyketide biosynthesis
positive regulation of polyketide formation
positive regulation of polyketide synthesis
up regulation of polyketide biosynthesis
up-regulation of polyketide biosynthesis
upregulation of polyketide biosynthetic process
up regulation of polyketide biosynthetic process
up-regulation of polyketide biosynthetic process
regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by opioid receptor
regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by opioid receptor signaling pathway
regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by opioid receptor signalling pathway
regulation of opioid receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition
cardiac neural crest cell delamination involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
Any cardiac neural crest cell delamination that is involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.
activation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway
activation of opioid receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition
upregulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.
downregulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of opioid receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition
negative regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by opioid receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by opioid receptor signalling pathway
osmoregulated periplasmic glucan metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving osmoregulated periplasmic glucan.
osmoregulated periplasmic glucan metabolism
positive regulation of protein adenylylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein adenylylation.
activation of protein amino acid adenylylation
positive regulation of protein adenylation
positive regulation of protein amino acid adenylylation
positive regulation of protein AMPylation
upregulation of protein amino acid adenylylation
up regulation of protein amino acid adenylylation
up-regulation of protein amino acid adenylylation
osmoregulated periplasmic glucan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of osmoregulated periplasmic glucan.
osmoregulated periplasmic glucan anabolism
osmoregulated periplasmic glucan biosynthesis
osmoregulated periplasmic glucan formation
osmoregulated periplasmic glucan synthesis
osmoregulated periplasmic glucan catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of osmoregulated periplasmic glucan.
osmoregulated periplasmic glucan breakdown
osmoregulated periplasmic glucan catabolism
osmoregulated periplasmic glucan degradation
positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle relaxation.
activation of smooth muscle relaxation of the uterus
activation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation
positive regulation of smooth muscle relaxation of the uterus
upregulation of smooth muscle relaxation of the uterus
up regulation of smooth muscle relaxation of the uterus
up-regulation of smooth muscle relaxation of the uterus
upregulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation
up regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation
up-regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation
negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle relaxation.
downregulation of smooth muscle relaxation of the uterus
down regulation of smooth muscle relaxation of the uterus
down-regulation of smooth muscle relaxation of the uterus
downregulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation
down regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation
down-regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation
inhibition of smooth muscle relaxation of the uterus
inhibition of uterine smooth muscle relaxation
negative regulation of smooth muscle relaxation of the uterus
negative regulation of protein adenylylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein adenylylation.
down regulation of protein adenylylation
down-regulation of protein adenylylation
downregulation of protein amino acid adenylylation
down regulation of protein amino acid adenylylation
down-regulation of protein amino acid adenylylation
inhibition of protein amino acid adenylylation
negative regulation of protein adenylation
negative regulation of protein amino acid adenylylation
negative regulation of protein AMPylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein adenylylation.
regulation of protein amino acid adenylylation
negative regulation of violaceol II biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol II biosynthetic process.
downregulation of violaceol II anabolism
down regulation of violaceol II anabolism
down-regulation of violaceol II anabolism
downregulation of violaceol II biosynthesis
down regulation of violaceol II biosynthesis
down-regulation of violaceol II biosynthesis
downregulation of violaceol II biosynthetic process
down regulation of violaceol II biosynthetic process
down-regulation of violaceol II biosynthetic process
downregulation of violaceol II formation
down regulation of violaceol II formation
down-regulation of violaceol II formation
downregulation of violaceol II synthesis
down regulation of violaceol II synthesis
down-regulation of violaceol II synthesis
inhibition of violaceol II biosynthetic process
negative regulation of violaceol II anabolism
negative regulation of violaceol II biosynthesis
negative regulation of violaceol II formation
negative regulation of violaceol II synthesis
regulation of violaceol II biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol II biosynthetic process.
regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle relaxation.
regulation of smooth muscle relaxation of the uterus
positive regulation of violaceol II biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol II biosynthetic process.
activation of violaceol II biosynthetic process
positive regulation of violaceol II anabolism
positive regulation of violaceol II biosynthesis
positive regulation of violaceol II formation
positive regulation of violaceol II synthesis
upregulation of violaceol II biosynthesis
up regulation of violaceol II biosynthesis
up-regulation of violaceol II biosynthesis
upregulation of violaceol II biosynthetic process
up regulation of violaceol II biosynthetic process
up-regulation of violaceol II biosynthetic process
regulation of violaceol I biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol I biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of tensidol B biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tensidol B biosynthetic process.
activation of tensidol B biosynthetic process
positive regulation of tensidol B anabolism
positive regulation of tensidol B biosynthesis
positive regulation of tensidol B formation
positive regulation of tensidol B synthesis
up regulation of tensidol B biosynthesis
up-regulation of tensidol B biosynthesis
upregulation of tensidol B biosynthetic process
up regulation of tensidol B biosynthetic process
up-regulation of tensidol B biosynthetic process
positive regulation of violaceol I biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol I biosynthetic process.
activation of violaceol I biosynthetic process
positive regulation of violaceol I anabolism
positive regulation of violaceol I biosynthesis
positive regulation of violaceol I formation
positive regulation of violaceol I synthesis
upregulation of violaceol I biosynthesis
up regulation of violaceol I biosynthesis
up-regulation of violaceol I biosynthesis
upregulation of violaceol I biosynthetic process
up regulation of violaceol I biosynthetic process
up-regulation of violaceol I biosynthetic process
negative regulation of violaceol I biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol I biosynthetic process.
down regulation of violaceol I anabolism
down-regulation of violaceol I anabolism
downregulation of violaceol I biosynthesis
down regulation of violaceol I biosynthesis
down-regulation of violaceol I biosynthesis
downregulation of violaceol I biosynthetic process
down regulation of violaceol I biosynthetic process
down-regulation of violaceol I biosynthetic process
down regulation of violaceol I formation
down-regulation of violaceol I formation
down regulation of violaceol I synthesis
down-regulation of violaceol I synthesis
inhibition of violaceol I biosynthetic process
negative regulation of violaceol I anabolism
negative regulation of violaceol I biosynthesis
negative regulation of violaceol I formation
negative regulation of violaceol I synthesis
positive regulation of tensidol A biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tensidol A biosynthetic process.
activation of tensidol A biosynthetic process
positive regulation of tensidol A anabolism
positive regulation of tensidol A biosynthesis
positive regulation of tensidol A formation
positive regulation of tensidol A synthesis
up regulation of tensidol A biosynthesis
up-regulation of tensidol A biosynthesis
upregulation of tensidol A biosynthetic process
up regulation of tensidol A biosynthetic process
up-regulation of tensidol A biosynthetic process
negative regulation of tensidol A biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tensidol A biosynthetic process.
downregulation of tensidol A biosynthesis
down regulation of tensidol A biosynthesis
down-regulation of tensidol A biosynthesis
downregulation of tensidol A biosynthetic process
down regulation of tensidol A biosynthetic process
down-regulation of tensidol A biosynthetic process
inhibition of tensidol A biosynthetic process
negative regulation of tensidol A anabolism
negative regulation of tensidol A biosynthesis
negative regulation of tensidol A formation
negative regulation of tensidol A synthesis
negative regulation of tensidol B biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tensidol B biosynthetic process.
downregulation of tensidol B biosynthesis
down regulation of tensidol B biosynthesis
down-regulation of tensidol B biosynthesis
downregulation of tensidol B biosynthetic process
down regulation of tensidol B biosynthetic process
down-regulation of tensidol B biosynthetic process
inhibition of tensidol B biosynthetic process
negative regulation of tensidol B anabolism
negative regulation of tensidol B biosynthesis
negative regulation of tensidol B formation
negative regulation of tensidol B synthesis
regulation of tensidol B biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tensidol B biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of siderophore biosynthetic process.
downregulation of siderochrome biosynthesis
down regulation of siderochrome biosynthesis
down-regulation of siderochrome biosynthesis
downregulation of siderochrome biosynthetic process
down regulation of siderochrome biosynthetic process
down-regulation of siderochrome biosynthetic process
down regulation of siderophore anabolism
down-regulation of siderophore anabolism
downregulation of siderophore biosynthesis
down regulation of siderophore biosynthesis
down-regulation of siderophore biosynthesis
downregulation of siderophore biosynthetic process
down regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process
down-regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process
downregulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide formation
down regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide formation
down-regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide formation
downregulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide modification
down regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide modification
down-regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide modification
down regulation of siderophore formation
down-regulation of siderophore formation
down regulation of siderophore synthesis
down-regulation of siderophore synthesis
inhibition of siderochrome biosynthetic process
inhibition of siderophore biosynthetic process
inhibition of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide formation
inhibition of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide modification
negative regulation of siderochrome biosynthesis
negative regulation of siderochrome biosynthetic process
negative regulation of siderophore anabolism
negative regulation of siderophore biosynthesis
negative regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide formation
negative regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide modification
negative regulation of siderophore formation
negative regulation of siderophore synthesis
regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of siderophore biosynthetic process.
regulation of siderochrome biosynthetic process
regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide formation
regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide modification
regulation of tensidol A biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tensidol A biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of siderophore biosynthetic process.
activation of siderochrome biosynthetic process
activation of siderophore biosynthetic process
activation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide formation
activation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide modification
positive regulation of siderochrome biosynthesis
positive regulation of siderochrome biosynthetic process
positive regulation of siderophore anabolism
positive regulation of siderophore biosynthesis
positive regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide formation
positive regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide modification
positive regulation of siderophore formation
positive regulation of siderophore synthesis
upregulation of siderochrome biosynthesis
up regulation of siderochrome biosynthesis
up-regulation of siderochrome biosynthesis
upregulation of siderochrome biosynthetic process
up regulation of siderochrome biosynthetic process
up-regulation of siderochrome biosynthetic process
upregulation of siderophore biosynthesis
up regulation of siderophore biosynthesis
up-regulation of siderophore biosynthesis
upregulation of siderophore biosynthetic process
up regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process
up-regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process
upregulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide formation
up regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide formation
up-regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide formation
upregulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide modification
up regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide modification
up-regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide modification
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving emericellin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fonsecin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving averantin.
negative regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of sterigmatocystin anabolism
down regulation of sterigmatocystin anabolism
down-regulation of sterigmatocystin anabolism
downregulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthesis
down regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthesis
down-regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthesis
downregulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process
down regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process
downregulation of sterigmatocystin formation
down regulation of sterigmatocystin formation
down-regulation of sterigmatocystin formation
downregulation of sterigmatocystin synthesis
down regulation of sterigmatocystin synthesis
down-regulation of sterigmatocystin synthesis
inhibition of sterigmatocystin anabolism
inhibition of sterigmatocystin biosynthesis
inhibition of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process
inhibition of sterigmatocystin formation
inhibition of sterigmatocystin synthesis
negative regulation of sterigmatocystin anabolism
negative regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthesis
negative regulation of sterigmatocystin formation
negative regulation of sterigmatocystin synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of averantin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of averantin.
regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.
regulation of D-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
regulation of L-amino acid:O2 oxidoreductase activity
protein processing in phagocytic vesicle
Protein processing that takes place in the phagosome. Most protein processing in the phagosome represents protein degradation.
peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagocytic vesicle
peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagosome
protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagocytic vesicle
protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagosome
protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagocytic vesicle
protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagosome
protein maturation by proteolysis in phagocytic vesicle
protein maturation by proteolysis in phagosome
positive regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.
activation of D-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
activation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity
activation of L-amino acid:O2 oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of D-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
positive regulation of L-amino acid:O2 oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of new yellow enzyme
upregulation of D-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
up regulation of D-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
up-regulation of D-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
upregulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity
up regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity
up-regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity
upregulation of L-amino acid:O2 oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of L-amino acid:O2 oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of L-amino acid:O2 oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.
downregulation of D-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
down regulation of D-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
down-regulation of D-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
downregulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity
down regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity
down-regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity
downregulation of L-amino acid:O2 oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of L-amino acid:O2 oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of L-amino acid:O2 oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of D-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
inhibition of D-amino-acid oxidase activity
inhibition of L-amino acid:O2 oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of D-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
negative regulation of L-amino acid:O2 oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of new yellow enzyme
The directed movement of a doxorubicin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
(1S,3S)-3,5,12-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxyacetyl)-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracen-1-yl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranoside transport
(1S,3S)-3-glycoloyl-3,5,12-trihydroxy-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracen-1-yl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranoside transport
(8S-cis)-10-((3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(hydroxyacetyl)-1-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenedione transport
The directed movement of a malonic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of a 4-hydroxyphenylacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of a (R)-carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
(3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate transport
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.
activation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
activation of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway
activation of VEGF-activated signaling pathway
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway
positive regulation of VEGF-activated signaling pathway
upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
up regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway
up regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway
up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway
upregulation of VEGF-activated signaling pathway
up regulation of VEGF-activated signaling pathway
up-regulation of VEGF-activated signaling pathway
The directed movement of a 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.
negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.
downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
down regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway
down regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway
down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway
downregulation of VEGF-activated signaling pathway
down regulation of VEGF-activated signaling pathway
down-regulation of VEGF-activated signaling pathway
inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway
inhibition of VEGF-activated signaling pathway
negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway
negative regulation of VEGF-activated signaling pathway
regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.
regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway
regulation of VEGF-activated signaling pathway
regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.
positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
activation of insertion of proteins into mitochondrial membranes during the induction of apoptosis
activation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane during induction of apoptosis
activation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
activation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in induction of apoptosis
activation of protein insertion into mitochondrion membrane during induction of apoptosis
positive regulation of insertion of proteins into mitochondrial membranes during the induction of apoptosis
positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane during induction of apoptosis
positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in induction of apoptosis
positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrion membrane during induction of apoptosis
upregulation of insertion of proteins into mitochondrial membranes during the induction of apoptosis
up regulation of insertion of proteins into mitochondrial membranes during the induction of apoptosis
up-regulation of insertion of proteins into mitochondrial membranes during the induction of apoptosis
upregulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane during induction of apoptosis
up regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane during induction of apoptosis
up-regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane during induction of apoptosis
upregulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
up regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
up-regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
upregulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in induction of apoptosis
up regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in induction of apoptosis
up-regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in induction of apoptosis
upregulation of protein insertion into mitochondrion membrane during induction of apoptosis
up regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrion membrane during induction of apoptosis
up-regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrion membrane during induction of apoptosis
positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.
activation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH
upregulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH
up regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH
up-regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH
negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.
downregulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH
down regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH
down-regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH
inhibition of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH
negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.
downregulation of activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
down regulation of activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
down-regulation of activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
downregulation of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
down regulation of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
down-regulation of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
downregulation of G protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
downregulation of G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
down regulation of G protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
down regulation of G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
down-regulation of G protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
down-regulation of G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
downregulation of G protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
downregulation of G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
down regulation of G protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
down regulation of G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
down-regulation of G protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
down-regulation of G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
downregulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
downregulation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
downregulation of PLC-activating GPCR signaling pathway
down regulation of PLC-activating GPCR signaling pathway
down-regulation of PLC-activating GPCR signaling pathway
inhibition of activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
inhibition of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
inhibition of G protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
inhibition of G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
inhibition of G protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
inhibition of G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
inhibition of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of PLC-activating GPCR signaling pathway
negative regulation of activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
negative regulation of G protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
negative regulation of G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
negative regulation of G protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
negative regulation of G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of PLC-activating GPCR signaling pathway
regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
regulation of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
regulation of G protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
regulation of G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
regulation of G protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
regulation of G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
regulation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
regulation of PLC-activating GPCR signaling pathway
regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
regulation of insertion of proteins into mitochondrial membranes during the induction of apoptosis
regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane during induction of apoptosis
regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in induction of apoptosis
regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrion membrane during induction of apoptosis
positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.
activation of activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
activation of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
activation of G protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
activation of G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
activation of G protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
activation of G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
activation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
activation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
activation of PLC-activating GPCR signaling pathway
positive regulation of activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
positive regulation of G protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
positive regulation of G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
positive regulation of G protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
positive regulation of G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of PLC-activating GPCR signaling pathway
upregulation of activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
up regulation of activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
up-regulation of activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
upregulation of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
up regulation of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
up-regulation of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
upregulation of G protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
upregulation of G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
up regulation of G protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
up regulation of G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
up-regulation of G protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
up-regulation of G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
upregulation of G protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
upregulation of G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
up regulation of G protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
up regulation of G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
up-regulation of G protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
up-regulation of G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
upregulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of PLC-activating GPCR signaling pathway
up regulation of PLC-activating GPCR signaling pathway
up-regulation of PLC-activating GPCR signaling pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cordyol C.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terrequinone A.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cordyol C.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cordyol C.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of shamixanthone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of shamixanthone.
obsolete terrequinone A catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of terrequinone A.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pseurotin A.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pseurotin A.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving shamixanthone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pseurotin A.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphtho-gamma-pyrone.
obsolete fumiquinazoline F biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumiquinazoline F.
naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone.
naphtho-gamma-pyrones biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of naphtho-gamma-pyrone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the indole alkaloid fumiquinazoline C.
obsolete fumiquinazoline C catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumiquinazoline C.
obsolete fumiquinazoline F catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumiquinazoline F.
obsolete fumiquinazoline F metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumiquinazoline F.
obsolete fumiquinazoline A catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumiquinazoline A.
obsolete fumiquinazoline A metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumiquinazoline A.
obsolete fumiquinazoline A biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumiquinazoline A.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the indole alkaloid fumitremorgin B.
obsolete fumiquinazoline catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumiquinazoline.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fonsecin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fonsecin.
obsolete fumitremorgin B catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumitremorgin B.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-tyrosine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-tyrosine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-leucine.
obsolete D-tyrosine biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-tyrosine.
regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during a cardiac muscle cell action potential.
positive regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process.
activation of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis
activation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process
positive regulation of ergot alkaloid anabolism
positive regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis
positive regulation of ergot alkaloid formation
positive regulation of ergot alkaloid synthesis
upregulation of ergot alkaloid anabolism
up regulation of ergot alkaloid anabolism
up-regulation of ergot alkaloid anabolism
upregulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis
up regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis
up-regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis
upregulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process
up regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process
up-regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process
upregulation of ergot alkaloid formation
up regulation of ergot alkaloid formation
up-regulation of ergot alkaloid formation
upregulation of ergot alkaloid synthesis
up regulation of ergot alkaloid synthesis
up-regulation of ergot alkaloid synthesis
positive regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during a cardiac muscle cell action potential.
activation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
upregulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
up regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
up-regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
negative regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during a cardiac muscle cell action potential.
downregulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
down regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
down-regulation of membrane depolarization during of cardiac muscle cell action potential
inhibition of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of orlandin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of orlandin.
negative regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process.
downregulation of ergot alkaloid anabolism
down regulation of ergot alkaloid anabolism
down-regulation of ergot alkaloid anabolism
downregulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis
down regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis
down-regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis
downregulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process
down regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process
down-regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process
downregulation of ergot alkaloid formation
down regulation of ergot alkaloid formation
down-regulation of ergot alkaloid formation
downregulation of ergot alkaloid synthesis
down regulation of ergot alkaloid synthesis
down-regulation of ergot alkaloid synthesis
inhibition of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis
inhibition of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of ergot alkaloid anabolism
negative regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis
negative regulation of ergot alkaloid formation
negative regulation of ergot alkaloid synthesis
regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process.
regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ochratoxin A.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ochratoxin A.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving orlandin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ochratoxin A.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving monodictyphenone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of helvolic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monodictyphenone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monodictyphenone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumigaclavine C, a fungal ergot alkaloid.
obsolete fumigaclavine C catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumigaclavine C.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of helvolic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving helvolic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brevianamide F. Brevianamide F is the biosynthetic precursor of a large family of biologically active prenylated tryptophan-proline 2,5-diketopiperazines that are produced by some fungi.
cyclo-L-tryptophanyl-L-proline anabolism
cyclo-L-tryptophanyl-L-proline biosynthesis
cyclo-L-tryptophanyl-L-proline biosynthetic process
cyclo-L-tryptophanyl-L-proline formation
cyclo-L-tryptophanyl-L-proline synthesis
L-prolyl-L-tryptophan anhydride anabolism
L-prolyl-L-tryptophan anhydride biosynthesis
L-prolyl-L-tryptophan anhydride biosynthetic process
L-prolyl-L-tryptophan anhydride formation
L-prolyl-L-tryptophan anhydride synthesis
L-tryptophyl-L-proline cyclic anhydride anabolism
L-tryptophyl-L-proline cyclic anhydride biosynthesis
L-tryptophyl-L-proline cyclic anhydride biosynthetic process
L-tryptophyl-L-proline cyclic anhydride formation
L-tryptophyl-L-proline cyclic anhydride synthesis
tryptophan-proline diketopiperazine anabolism
tryptophan-proline diketopiperazine biosynthesis
tryptophan-proline diketopiperazine biosynthetic process
tryptophan-proline diketopiperazine formation
tryptophan-proline diketopiperazine synthesis
obsolete brevianamide F catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of brevianamide F.
obsolete ergot alkaloid catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ergot alkaloid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cspyrone B1.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cspyrone B1.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cspyrone B1.
regulation of cordyol C biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cordyol C biosynthetic process.
obsolete positive regulation of brevianamide F biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of brevianamide F biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of cordyol C biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cordyol C biosynthetic process.
activation of cordyol C biosynthetic process
upregulation of cordyol C biosynthetic process
up regulation of cordyol C biosynthetic process
up-regulation of cordyol C biosynthetic process
negative regulation of cordyol C biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cordyol C biosynthetic process.
downregulation of cordyol C biosynthetic process
down regulation of cordyol C biosynthetic process
down-regulation of cordyol C biosynthetic process
obsolete positive regulation of fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process.
obsolete negative regulation of fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process.
obsolete negative regulation of brevianamide F biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brevianamide F biosynthetic process.
obsolete regulation of brevianamide F biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brevianamide F biosynthetic process.
obsolete negative regulation of terrequinone A biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of terrequinone A biosynthetic process.
obsolete regulation of fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of terrequinone A biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of terrequinone A biosynthetic process.
regulation of terrequinone A biosynthetic process
upregulation of terrequinone A biosynthetic process
up regulation of terrequinone A biosynthetic process
up-regulation of terrequinone A biosynthetic process
regulation of pseurotin A biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pseurotin A biosynthetic process.
regulation of Pseurotin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process.
activation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process
upregulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process
up regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process
up-regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process
positive regulation of pseurotin A biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pseurotin A biosynthetic process.
upregulation of pseurotin A biosynthetic process
up regulation of pseurotin A biosynthetic process
up-regulation of pseurotin A biosynthetic process
negative regulation of pseurotin A biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pseurotin A biosynthetic process.
downregulation of pseurotin A biosynthetic process
down regulation of pseurotin A biosynthetic process
down-regulation of pseurotin A biosynthetic process
positive regulation of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process.
upregulation of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process
negative regulation of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process.
downregulation of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process
down regulation of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process
down-regulation of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process
negative regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process.
downregulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process
down regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process
down-regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process
inhibition of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process
regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process.
regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone anabolism
regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthesis
regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone formation
regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrones anabolism
regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrones biosynthesis
regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrones biosynthetic process
regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrones formation
regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrones synthesis
regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone synthesis
negative regulation of helvolic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of helvolic acid biosynthetic process.
downregulation of helvolic acid biosynthetic process
down regulation of helvolic acid biosynthetic process
down-regulation of helvolic acid biosynthetic process
regulation of helvolic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of helvolic acid biosynthetic process.
regulation of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process.
regulation of monodictyphenone anabolism
regulation of monodictyphenone biosynthesis
regulation of monodictyphenone formation
regulation of monodictyphenone synthesis
positive regulation of helvolic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of helvolic acid biosynthetic process.
upregulation of helvolic acid biosynthetic process
up regulation of helvolic acid biosynthetic process
up-regulation of helvolic acid biosynthetic process
regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process.
regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthesis
positive regulation of emericellin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of emericellin biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process.
upregulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process
up regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process
up-regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process
negative regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process.
inhibition of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-leucine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-leucine.
negative regulation of emericellin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of emericellin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of emericellin biosynthetic process
down regulation of emericellin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of emericellin biosynthetic process
regulation of emericellin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of emericellin biosynthetic process.
regulation of Variecoxanthone B anabolism
regulation of Variecoxanthone B biosynthesis
regulation of Variecoxanthone B biosynthetic process
regulation of Variecoxanthone B formation
regulation of Variecoxanthone B synthesis
regulation of tridecane metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tridecane metabolic process.
positive regulation of pentadecane metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pentadecane metabolic process.
activation of pentadecane metabolic process
positive regulation of pentadecane metabolism
upregulation of pentadecane metabolic process
up regulation of pentadecane metabolic process
up-regulation of pentadecane metabolic process
positive regulation of tridecane metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tridecane metabolic process.
activation of tridecane metabolic process
positive regulation of tridecane metabolism
upregulation of tridecane metabolic process
up regulation of tridecane metabolic process
up-regulation of tridecane metabolic process
negative regulation of tridecane metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tridecane metabolic process.
downregulation of tridecane metabolic process
down regulation of tridecane metabolic process
down-regulation of tridecane metabolic process
inhibition of tridecane metabolic process
negative regulation of tridecane metabolism
positive regulation of pentadecane biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pentadecane biosynthetic process.
activation of pentadecane biosynthetic process
positive regulation of pentadecane anabolism
positive regulation of pentadecane biosynthesis
positive regulation of pentadecane formation
positive regulation of pentadecane synthesis
upregulation of pentadecane biosynthesis
up regulation of pentadecane biosynthesis
up-regulation of pentadecane biosynthesis
upregulation of pentadecane biosynthetic process
up regulation of pentadecane biosynthetic process
up-regulation of pentadecane biosynthetic process
negative regulation of pentadecane biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentadecane biosynthetic process.
down regulation of pentadecane anabolism
down-regulation of pentadecane anabolism
downregulation of pentadecane biosynthesis
down regulation of pentadecane biosynthesis
down-regulation of pentadecane biosynthesis
downregulation of pentadecane biosynthetic process
down regulation of pentadecane biosynthetic process
down-regulation of pentadecane biosynthetic process
down regulation of pentadecane formation
down-regulation of pentadecane formation
down regulation of pentadecane synthesis
down-regulation of pentadecane synthesis
inhibition of pentadecane biosynthetic process
negative regulation of pentadecane anabolism
negative regulation of pentadecane biosynthesis
negative regulation of pentadecane formation
negative regulation of pentadecane synthesis
negative regulation of pentadecane metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentadecane metabolic process.
downregulation of pentadecane metabolic process
down regulation of pentadecane metabolic process
down-regulation of pentadecane metabolic process
downregulation of pentadecane metabolism
down regulation of pentadecane metabolism
down-regulation of pentadecane metabolism
inhibition of pentadecane metabolic process
negative regulation of pentadecane metabolism
regulation of pentadecane metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pentadecane metabolic process.
negative regulation of tridecane biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tridecane biosynthetic process.
downregulation of tridecane biosynthesis
down regulation of tridecane biosynthesis
down-regulation of tridecane biosynthesis
downregulation of tridecane biosynthetic process
down regulation of tridecane biosynthetic process
down-regulation of tridecane biosynthetic process
inhibition of tridecane biosynthetic process
negative regulation of tridecane anabolism
negative regulation of tridecane biosynthesis
negative regulation of tridecane formation
negative regulation of tridecane synthesis
regulation of tridecane biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tridecane biosynthetic process.
regulation of pentadecane biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pentadecane biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of tridecane biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tridecane biosynthetic process.
activation of tridecane biosynthetic process
positive regulation of tridecane anabolism
positive regulation of tridecane biosynthesis
positive regulation of tridecane formation
positive regulation of tridecane synthesis
upregulation of tridecane biosynthetic process
up regulation of tridecane biosynthetic process
up-regulation of tridecane biosynthetic process
18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene.
18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 18-methylnonadec-1-ene.
17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene.
17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 17-methylnonadec-1-ene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nonadec-1-ene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nonadec-1-ene.
(Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene.
(Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentadec-1-ene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentadec-1-ene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heptadec-1-ene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving heptadec-1-ene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tatiopterin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sarcinapterin.
The covalent alteration within the chloroplast of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tatiopterin.
Any RNA modification that takes place in chloroplast.
Any RNA modification that takes place in mitochondrion.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sarcinapterin.
The directed movement of a glycolate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of glycine import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycine import.
negative regulation of glycine import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycine import into a cell.
negative regulation of L-threonine import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import into cell.
negative regulation of L-threonine uptake
regulation of L-threonine import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import into cell.
regulation of glycine import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycine import into a cell.
regulation of octadecene metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octadecene metabolic process.
positive regulation of octadecene biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octadecene biosynthetic process.
activation of 1-octadecene biosynthetic process
activation of octadecene biosynthetic process
positive regulation of 1-octadecene biosynthetic process
positive regulation of octadecene anabolism
positive regulation of octadecene biosynthesis
positive regulation of octadecene formation
positive regulation of octadecene synthesis
upregulation of 1-octadecene biosynthetic process
up regulation of 1-octadecene biosynthetic process
up-regulation of 1-octadecene biosynthetic process
up regulation of octadecene biosynthesis
up-regulation of octadecene biosynthesis
upregulation of octadecene biosynthetic process
up regulation of octadecene biosynthetic process
up-regulation of octadecene biosynthetic process
positive regulation of octadecene metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octadecene metabolic process.
activation of octadecene metabolic process
positive regulation of octadecene metabolism
upregulation of octadecene metabolic process
up regulation of octadecene metabolic process
up-regulation of octadecene metabolic process
negative regulation of octadecene metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of octadecene metabolic process.
downregulation of octadecene metabolic process
down regulation of octadecene metabolic process
down-regulation of octadecene metabolic process
down regulation of octadecene metabolism
down-regulation of octadecene metabolism
inhibition of octadecene metabolic process
negative regulation of octadecene metabolism
positive regulation of olefin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of olefin biosynthetic process.
activation of olefin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of olefin biosynthesis
upregulation of olefin biosynthetic process
up regulation of olefin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of olefin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of olefin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of olefin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of olefin biosynthetic process
down regulation of olefin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of olefin biosynthetic process
inhibition of olefin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of olefin biosynthesis
negative regulation of octadecene biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of octadecene biosynthetic process.
downregulation of 1-octadecene biosynthetic process
down regulation of 1-octadecene biosynthetic process
down-regulation of 1-octadecene biosynthetic process
downregulation of octadecene biosynthesis
down regulation of octadecene biosynthesis
down-regulation of octadecene biosynthesis
downregulation of octadecene biosynthetic process
down regulation of octadecene biosynthetic process
down-regulation of octadecene biosynthetic process
inhibition of 1-octadecene biosynthetic process
inhibition of octadecene biosynthetic process
negative regulation of 1-octadecene biosynthetic process
negative regulation of octadecene anabolism
negative regulation of octadecene biosynthesis
negative regulation of octadecene formation
negative regulation of octadecene synthesis
regulation of octadecene biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octadecene biosynthetic process.
regulation of 1-octadecene biosynthetic process
negative regulation of olefin metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of olefin metabolic process.
downregulation of olefin metabolic process
down regulation of olefin metabolic process
down-regulation of olefin metabolic process
negative regulation of olefin metabolism
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of olefin metabolic process.
regulation of olefin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of olefin biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of olefin metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of olefin metabolic process.
positive regulation of olefin metabolism
upregulation of olefin metabolic process
up regulation of olefin metabolic process
up-regulation of olefin metabolic process
regulation of hexadecanal metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hexadecanal metabolic process.
positive regulation of hexadecanal biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hexadecanal biosynthetic process.
activation of hexadecanal biosynthetic process
activation of palmitaldehyde biosynthesis
activation of palmitaldehyde biosynthetic process
positive regulation of hexadecanal anabolism
positive regulation of hexadecanal biosynthesis
positive regulation of hexadecanal formation
positive regulation of hexadecanal synthesis
positive regulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthesis
positive regulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthetic process
upregulation of hexadecanal biosynthesis
up regulation of hexadecanal biosynthesis
up-regulation of hexadecanal biosynthesis
upregulation of hexadecanal biosynthetic process
up regulation of hexadecanal biosynthetic process
up-regulation of hexadecanal biosynthetic process
upregulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthesis
up regulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthesis
up-regulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthesis
upregulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthetic process
up regulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthetic process
up-regulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthetic process
positive regulation of hexadecanal metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hexadecanal metabolic process.
activation of hexadecanal metabolic process
positive regulation of hexadecanal metabolism
upregulation of hexadecanal metabolic process
up regulation of hexadecanal metabolic process
up-regulation of hexadecanal metabolic process
negative regulation of hexadecanal metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hexadecanal metabolic process.
downregulation of hexadecanal metabolic process
down regulation of hexadecanal metabolic process
down-regulation of hexadecanal metabolic process
downregulation of hexadecanal metabolism
down regulation of hexadecanal metabolism
down-regulation of hexadecanal metabolism
inhibition of hexadecanal metabolic process
negative regulation of hexadecanal metabolism
positive regulation of heptadecane metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heptadecane metabolic process.
activation of heptadecane metabolic process
positive regulation of heptadecane metabolism
upregulation of heptadecane metabolic process
up regulation of heptadecane metabolic process
up-regulation of heptadecane metabolic process
negative regulation of heptadecane metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heptadecane metabolic process.
downregulation of heptadecane metabolic process
down regulation of heptadecane metabolic process
down-regulation of heptadecane metabolic process
downregulation of heptadecane metabolism
down regulation of heptadecane metabolism
down-regulation of heptadecane metabolism
inhibition of heptadecane metabolic process
negative regulation of heptadecane metabolism
negative regulation of hexadecanal biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hexadecanal biosynthetic process.
down regulation of hexadecanal anabolism
down-regulation of hexadecanal anabolism
downregulation of hexadecanal biosynthesis
down regulation of hexadecanal biosynthesis
down-regulation of hexadecanal biosynthesis
downregulation of hexadecanal biosynthetic process
down regulation of hexadecanal biosynthetic process
down-regulation of hexadecanal biosynthetic process
down regulation of hexadecanal formation
down-regulation of hexadecanal formation
down regulation of hexadecanal synthesis
down-regulation of hexadecanal synthesis
downregulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthesis
down regulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthesis
down-regulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthesis
downregulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthetic process
down regulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthetic process
down-regulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthetic process
inhibition of hexadecanal biosynthetic process
inhibition of palmitaldehyde biosynthesis
inhibition of palmitaldehyde biosynthetic process
negative regulation of hexadecanal anabolism
negative regulation of hexadecanal biosynthesis
negative regulation of hexadecanal formation
negative regulation of hexadecanal synthesis
negative regulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthesis
negative regulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthetic process
regulation of hexadecanal biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hexadecanal biosynthetic process.
regulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthesis
regulation of palmitaldehyde biosynthetic process
negative regulation of heptadecane biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heptadecane biosynthetic process.
down regulation of heptadecane anabolism
down-regulation of heptadecane anabolism
downregulation of heptadecane biosynthesis
down regulation of heptadecane biosynthesis
down-regulation of heptadecane biosynthesis
downregulation of heptadecane biosynthetic process
down regulation of heptadecane biosynthetic process
down-regulation of heptadecane biosynthetic process
down regulation of heptadecane formation
down-regulation of heptadecane formation
down regulation of heptadecane synthesis
down-regulation of heptadecane synthesis
inhibition of heptadecane biosynthetic process
negative regulation of heptadecane anabolism
negative regulation of heptadecane biosynthesis
negative regulation of heptadecane formation
negative regulation of heptadecane synthesis
regulation of heptadecane biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heptadecane biosynthetic process.
regulation of heptadecane metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heptadecane metabolic process.
positive regulation of heptadecane biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heptadecane biosynthetic process.
activation of heptadecane biosynthetic process
positive regulation of heptadecane anabolism
positive regulation of heptadecane biosynthesis
positive regulation of heptadecane formation
positive regulation of heptadecane synthesis
upregulation of heptadecane biosynthesis
up regulation of heptadecane biosynthesis
up-regulation of heptadecane biosynthesis
upregulation of heptadecane biosynthetic process
up regulation of heptadecane biosynthetic process
up-regulation of heptadecane biosynthetic process
negative regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
downregulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
down regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
down-regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
downregulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
down regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
down-regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
downregulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
down regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
down-regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
downregulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
down regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
down-regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
downregulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
down regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
down-regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
inhibition of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
inhibition of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
inhibition of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
inhibition of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
inhibition of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
negative regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
negative regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
negative regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
negative regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
positive regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
activation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
activation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
activation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
activation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
activation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
positive regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
positive regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
positive regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
positive regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
upregulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
up regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
up-regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
upregulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
up regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
up-regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
upregulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
up regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
up-regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
upregulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
up regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
up-regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
upregulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
up regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
up-regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
positive regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
activation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
activation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
activation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
activation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
activation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
positive regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
positive regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
positive regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
positive regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
upregulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
up regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
up-regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
upregulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
up regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
up-regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
upregulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
up regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
up-regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
upregulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
up regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
up-regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
upregulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
up regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
up-regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
positive regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
activation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
activation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
positive regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
upregulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
up regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
up-regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
upregulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
up regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
up-regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
negative regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
downregulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
down regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
down-regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
downregulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
down regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
down-regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
inhibition of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
inhibition of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
negative regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
positive regulation of isoprene biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isoprene biosynthetic process.
activation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthesis
activation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthetic process
activation of hemiterpene biosynthetic process
activation of isoprene biosynthetic process
positive regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthesis
positive regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthetic process
positive regulation of hemiterpene biosynthesis
positive regulation of hemiterpene biosynthetic process
upregulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthesis
up regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthesis
up-regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthesis
upregulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthetic process
up regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthetic process
up-regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthetic process
upregulation of hemiterpene biosynthesis
up regulation of hemiterpene biosynthesis
up-regulation of hemiterpene biosynthesis
upregulation of hemiterpene biosynthetic process
up regulation of hemiterpene biosynthetic process
up-regulation of hemiterpene biosynthetic process
upregulation of isoprene biosynthetic process
up regulation of isoprene biosynthetic process
up-regulation of isoprene biosynthetic process
negative regulation of isoprene biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isoprene biosynthetic process.
downregulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthesis
down regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthesis
down-regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthesis
downregulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthetic process
down regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthetic process
down-regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthetic process
downregulation of hemiterpene biosynthesis
down regulation of hemiterpene biosynthesis
down-regulation of hemiterpene biosynthesis
downregulation of hemiterpene biosynthetic process
down regulation of hemiterpene biosynthetic process
down-regulation of hemiterpene biosynthetic process
downregulation of isoprene biosynthetic process
down regulation of isoprene biosynthetic process
down-regulation of isoprene biosynthetic process
inhibition of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthesis
inhibition of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthetic process
inhibition of hemiterpene biosynthetic process
inhibition of isoprene biosynthetic process
negative regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthesis
negative regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthetic process
negative regulation of hemiterpene biosynthesis
negative regulation of hemiterpene biosynthetic process
negative regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
downregulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
down regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
down-regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
downregulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
down regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
down-regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
downregulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
down regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
down-regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
downregulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
down regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
down-regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
downregulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
down regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
down-regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
inhibition of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
inhibition of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
inhibition of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
inhibition of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
inhibition of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
negative regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
negative regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
negative regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
negative regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene anabolism
regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene formation
regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene synthesis
negative regulation of isoprene metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isoprene metabolic process.
downregulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolic process
down regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolic process
down-regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolic process
downregulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolism
down regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolism
down-regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolism
downregulation of hemiterpene metabolic process
down regulation of hemiterpene metabolic process
down-regulation of hemiterpene metabolic process
downregulation of hemiterpene metabolism
down regulation of hemiterpene metabolism
down-regulation of hemiterpene metabolism
downregulation of isoprene metabolic process
down regulation of isoprene metabolic process
down-regulation of isoprene metabolic process
inhibition of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolic process
inhibition of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolism
inhibition of hemiterpene metabolic process
inhibition of isoprene metabolic process
negative regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolic process
negative regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolism
negative regulation of hemiterpene metabolic process
negative regulation of hemiterpene metabolism
negative regulation of isoprene metabolism
regulation of isoprene metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isoprene metabolic process.
regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolic process
regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolism
regulation of hemiterpene metabolic process
regulation of isoprene biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isoprene biosynthetic process.
regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthesis
regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthetic process
regulation of hemiterpene biosynthetic process
positive regulation of isoprene metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isoprene metabolic process.
activation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolic process
activation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolism
activation of hemiterpene metabolic process
activation of isoprene metabolic process
positive regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolic process
positive regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolism
positive regulation of hemiterpene metabolic process
positive regulation of hemiterpene metabolism
positive regulation of isoprene metabolism
upregulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolic process
up regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolic process
up-regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolic process
upregulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolism
up regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolism
up-regulation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolism
upregulation of hemiterpene metabolic process
up regulation of hemiterpene metabolic process
up-regulation of hemiterpene metabolic process
upregulation of isoprene metabolic process
up regulation of isoprene metabolic process
up-regulation of isoprene metabolic process
regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process.
regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene anabolism
regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthesis
regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene formation
regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene synthesis
positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process.
activation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process
activation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolism
positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolism
upregulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process
up regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process
up-regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process
upregulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolism
up regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolism
up-regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolism
positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process.
activation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene anabolism
activation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthesis
activation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process
activation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene formation
activation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene synthesis
positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene anabolism
positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthesis
positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene formation
positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene synthesis
upregulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene anabolism
up regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene anabolism
up-regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene anabolism
upregulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthesis
up regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthesis
up-regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthesis
upregulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process
up regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process
up-regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process
upregulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene formation
up regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene formation
up-regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene formation
upregulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene synthesis
up regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene synthesis
up-regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene synthesis
negative regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process.
downregulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene anabolism
down regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene anabolism
down-regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene anabolism
downregulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthesis
down regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthesis
down-regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthesis
downregulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process
down regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process
down-regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process
downregulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene formation
down regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene formation
down-regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene formation
downregulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene synthesis
down regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene synthesis
down-regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene synthesis
inhibition of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene anabolism
inhibition of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthesis
inhibition of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process
inhibition of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene formation
inhibition of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene synthesis
negative regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene anabolism
negative regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthesis
negative regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene formation
negative regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene synthesis
positive regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
activation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
activation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
positive regulation of nonadec-1-ene anabolism
positive regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
positive regulation of nonadec-1-ene formation
positive regulation of nonadec-1-ene synthesis
up regulation of nonadec-1-ene anabolism
up-regulation of nonadec-1-ene anabolism
upregulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
up regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
up-regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
upregulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
up regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
up-regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
up regulation of nonadec-1-ene formation
up-regulation of nonadec-1-ene formation
up regulation of nonadec-1-ene synthesis
up-regulation of nonadec-1-ene synthesis
negative regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
downregulation of nonadec-1-ene anabolism
down regulation of nonadec-1-ene anabolism
down-regulation of nonadec-1-ene anabolism
downregulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
down regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
down-regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
downregulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
down regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
down-regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
downregulation of nonadec-1-ene formation
down regulation of nonadec-1-ene formation
down-regulation of nonadec-1-ene formation
downregulation of nonadec-1-ene synthesis
down regulation of nonadec-1-ene synthesis
down-regulation of nonadec-1-ene synthesis
inhibition of nonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
inhibition of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
negative regulation of nonadec-1-ene anabolism
negative regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
negative regulation of nonadec-1-ene formation
negative regulation of nonadec-1-ene synthesis
negative regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process.
downregulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process
down regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process
down-regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process
downregulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolism
down regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolism
down-regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolism
inhibition of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process
inhibition of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolism
negative regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolism
regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process.
regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolism
negative regulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
downregulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process
down regulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process
down-regulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process
downregulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolism
down regulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolism
down-regulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolism
inhibition of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process
negative regulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolism
regulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthesis
positive regulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
activation of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process
positive regulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolism
upregulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process
up regulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process
up-regulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process
upregulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolism
up regulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolism
up-regulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolism
regulation of L-tyrosine import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-tyrosine import into the cell.
positive regulation of L-threonine import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import into cell.
positive regulation of L-threonine import
positive regulation of L-threonine uptake
positive regulation of L-tyrosine import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-tyrosine import into the cell.
positive regulation of L-tyrosine import
positive regulation of L-tyrosine uptake
negative regulation of L-tyrosine import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-tyrosine import into the cell.
negative regulation of L-tyrosine import
negative regulation of L-tyrosine uptake
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajmaline.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of scopolamine.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of scopolamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vindoline.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vindoline.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ajmaline.
negative regulation of phenazine biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phenazine biosynthetic process.
downregulation of acridizine biosynthesis
down regulation of acridizine biosynthesis
down-regulation of acridizine biosynthesis
downregulation of acridizine biosynthetic process
down regulation of acridizine biosynthetic process
down-regulation of acridizine biosynthetic process
downregulation of azophenylene biosynthesis
down regulation of azophenylene biosynthesis
down-regulation of azophenylene biosynthesis
downregulation of azophenylene biosynthetic process
down regulation of azophenylene biosynthetic process
down-regulation of azophenylene biosynthetic process
downregulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthesis
down regulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthesis
down-regulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthesis
downregulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthetic process
down regulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthetic process
down-regulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthetic process
downregulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthesis
down regulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthesis
down-regulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthesis
downregulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthetic process
down regulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthetic process
down-regulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthetic process
downregulation of phenazine biosynthetic process
down regulation of phenazine biosynthetic process
down-regulation of phenazine biosynthetic process
inhibition of acridizine biosynthetic process
inhibition of azophenylene biosynthetic process
inhibition of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthesis
inhibition of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthetic process
inhibition of dibenzopyrazine biosynthesis
inhibition of dibenzopyrazine biosynthetic process
inhibition of phenazine biosynthetic process
negative regulation of acridizine biosynthesis
negative regulation of acridizine biosynthetic process
negative regulation of azophenylene biosynthesis
negative regulation of azophenylene biosynthetic process
negative regulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthesis
negative regulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthetic process
negative regulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthesis
negative regulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthetic process
regulation of phenazine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phenazine biosynthetic process.
regulation of acridizine biosynthetic process
regulation of azophenylene biosynthetic process
regulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthesis
regulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthetic process
regulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthesis
regulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vindoline.
positive regulation of phenazine biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phenazine biosynthetic process.
activation of acridizine biosynthetic process
activation of azophenylene biosynthetic process
activation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthesis
activation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthetic process
activation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthesis
activation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthetic process
activation of phenazine biosynthetic process
positive regulation of acridizine biosynthesis
positive regulation of acridizine biosynthetic process
positive regulation of azophenylene biosynthesis
positive regulation of azophenylene biosynthetic process
positive regulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthesis
positive regulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthetic process
positive regulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthesis
positive regulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthetic process
up regulation of acridizine biosynthesis
up-regulation of acridizine biosynthesis
upregulation of acridizine biosynthetic process
up regulation of acridizine biosynthetic process
up-regulation of acridizine biosynthetic process
upregulation of azophenylene biosynthesis
up regulation of azophenylene biosynthesis
up-regulation of azophenylene biosynthesis
upregulation of azophenylene biosynthetic process
up regulation of azophenylene biosynthetic process
up-regulation of azophenylene biosynthetic process
upregulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthesis
up regulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthesis
up-regulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthesis
upregulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthetic process
up regulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthetic process
up-regulation of dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthetic process
upregulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthesis
up regulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthesis
up-regulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthesis
upregulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthetic process
up regulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthetic process
up-regulation of dibenzopyrazine biosynthetic process
upregulation of phenazine biosynthetic process
up regulation of phenazine biosynthetic process
up-regulation of phenazine biosynthetic process
regulation of tatiopterin metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tatiopterin metabolic process.
positive regulation of tatiopterin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tatiopterin biosynthetic process.
activation of tatiopterin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of tatiopterin anabolism
positive regulation of tatiopterin biosynthesis
positive regulation of tatiopterin formation
positive regulation of tatiopterin synthesis
upregulation of tatiopterin biosynthesis
up regulation of tatiopterin biosynthesis
up-regulation of tatiopterin biosynthesis
upregulation of tatiopterin biosynthetic process
up regulation of tatiopterin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of tatiopterin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of tatiopterin metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tatiopterin metabolic process.
activation of tatiopterin metabolic process
positive regulation of tatiopterin metabolism
upregulation of tatiopterin metabolic process
up regulation of tatiopterin metabolic process
up-regulation of tatiopterin metabolic process
negative regulation of tatiopterin metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tatiopterin metabolic process.
downregulation of tatiopterin metabolic process
down regulation of tatiopterin metabolic process
down-regulation of tatiopterin metabolic process
downregulation of tatiopterin metabolism
down regulation of tatiopterin metabolism
down-regulation of tatiopterin metabolism
inhibition of tatiopterin metabolic process
negative regulation of tatiopterin metabolism
positive regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process.
activation of sarcinapterin biosynthesis
activation of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of sarcinapterin anabolism
positive regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthesis
positive regulation of sarcinapterin formation
positive regulation of sarcinapterin synthesis
up regulation of sarcinapterin anabolism
up-regulation of sarcinapterin anabolism
upregulation of sarcinapterin biosynthesis
up regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthesis
up-regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthesis
upregulation of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process
up regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process
up regulation of sarcinapterin formation
up-regulation of sarcinapterin formation
up regulation of sarcinapterin synthesis
up-regulation of sarcinapterin synthesis
negative regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of sarcinapterin anabolism
down regulation of sarcinapterin anabolism
down-regulation of sarcinapterin anabolism
downregulation of sarcinapterin biosynthesis
down regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthesis
down-regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthesis
downregulation of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process
down regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process
downregulation of sarcinapterin formation
down regulation of sarcinapterin formation
down-regulation of sarcinapterin formation
downregulation of sarcinapterin synthesis
down regulation of sarcinapterin synthesis
down-regulation of sarcinapterin synthesis
inhibition of sarcinapterin biosynthesis
inhibition of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of sarcinapterin anabolism
negative regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthesis
negative regulation of sarcinapterin formation
negative regulation of sarcinapterin synthesis
negative regulation of tatiopterin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tatiopterin biosynthetic process.
down regulation of tatiopterin anabolism
down-regulation of tatiopterin anabolism
downregulation of tatiopterin biosynthesis
down regulation of tatiopterin biosynthesis
down-regulation of tatiopterin biosynthesis
downregulation of tatiopterin biosynthetic process
down regulation of tatiopterin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of tatiopterin biosynthetic process
down regulation of tatiopterin formation
down-regulation of tatiopterin formation
down regulation of tatiopterin synthesis
down-regulation of tatiopterin synthesis
inhibition of tatiopterin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of tatiopterin anabolism
negative regulation of tatiopterin biosynthesis
negative regulation of tatiopterin formation
negative regulation of tatiopterin synthesis
regulation of tatiopterin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tatiopterin biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of sarcinapterin metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sarcinapterin metabolic process.
downregulation of sarcinapterin metabolic process
down regulation of sarcinapterin metabolic process
down-regulation of sarcinapterin metabolic process
downregulation of sarcinapterin metabolism
down regulation of sarcinapterin metabolism
down-regulation of sarcinapterin metabolism
inhibition of sarcinapterin metabolic process
negative regulation of sarcinapterin metabolism
regulation of sarcinapterin metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sarcinapterin metabolic process.
regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process.
regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthesis
positive regulation of sarcinapterin metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sarcinapterin metabolic process.
activation of sarcinapterin metabolic process
positive regulation of sarcinapterin metabolism
upregulation of sarcinapterin metabolic process
up regulation of sarcinapterin metabolic process
up-regulation of sarcinapterin metabolic process
upregulation of sarcinapterin metabolism
up regulation of sarcinapterin metabolism
up-regulation of sarcinapterin metabolism
regulation of methanophenazine metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methanophenazine metabolic process.
regulation of methanophenazine metabolism
positive regulation of methanophenazine biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methanophenazine biosynthetic process.
activation of methanophenazine anabolism
activation of methanophenazine biosynthesis
activation of methanophenazine biosynthetic process
activation of methanophenazine formation
activation of methanophenazine synthesis
positive regulation of methanophenazine anabolism
positive regulation of methanophenazine biosynthesis
positive regulation of methanophenazine formation
positive regulation of methanophenazine synthesis
upregulation of methanophenazine anabolism
up regulation of methanophenazine anabolism
up-regulation of methanophenazine anabolism
upregulation of methanophenazine biosynthesis
up regulation of methanophenazine biosynthesis
up-regulation of methanophenazine biosynthesis
upregulation of methanophenazine biosynthetic process
up regulation of methanophenazine biosynthetic process
up-regulation of methanophenazine biosynthetic process
upregulation of methanophenazine formation
up regulation of methanophenazine formation
up-regulation of methanophenazine formation
upregulation of methanophenazine synthesis
up regulation of methanophenazine synthesis
up-regulation of methanophenazine synthesis
positive regulation of methanophenazine metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methanophenazine metabolic process.
activation of methanophenazine metabolic process
activation of methanophenazine metabolism
positive regulation of methanophenazine metabolism
upregulation of methanophenazine metabolic process
up regulation of methanophenazine metabolic process
up-regulation of methanophenazine metabolic process
upregulation of methanophenazine metabolism
up regulation of methanophenazine metabolism
up-regulation of methanophenazine metabolism
negative regulation of methanophenazine metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methanophenazine metabolic process.
downregulation of methanophenazine metabolic process
down regulation of methanophenazine metabolic process
down-regulation of methanophenazine metabolic process
downregulation of methanophenazine metabolism
down regulation of methanophenazine metabolism
down-regulation of methanophenazine metabolism
inhibition of methanophenazine metabolic process
inhibition of methanophenazine metabolism
negative regulation of methanophenazine metabolism
positive regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
activation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
activation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
positive regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
upregulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
up regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
up-regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
upregulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
up regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
up-regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
negative regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
downregulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
down regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
down-regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
downregulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
down regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
down-regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
inhibition of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process
inhibition of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
negative regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolism
negative regulation of methanophenazine biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methanophenazine biosynthetic process.
downregulation of methanophenazine anabolism
down regulation of methanophenazine anabolism
down-regulation of methanophenazine anabolism
downregulation of methanophenazine biosynthesis
down regulation of methanophenazine biosynthesis
down-regulation of methanophenazine biosynthesis
downregulation of methanophenazine biosynthetic process
down regulation of methanophenazine biosynthetic process
down-regulation of methanophenazine biosynthetic process
downregulation of methanophenazine formation
down regulation of methanophenazine formation
down-regulation of methanophenazine formation
downregulation of methanophenazine synthesis
down regulation of methanophenazine synthesis
down-regulation of methanophenazine synthesis
inhibition of methanophenazine anabolism
inhibition of methanophenazine biosynthesis
inhibition of methanophenazine biosynthetic process
inhibition of methanophenazine formation
inhibition of methanophenazine synthesis
negative regulation of methanophenazine anabolism
negative regulation of methanophenazine biosynthesis
negative regulation of methanophenazine formation
negative regulation of methanophenazine synthesis
regulation of methanophenazine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methanophenazine biosynthetic process.
regulation of methanophenazine anabolism
regulation of methanophenazine biosynthesis
regulation of methanophenazine formation
regulation of methanophenazine synthesis
positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
activation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity
upregulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity
up regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity
up-regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity
negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
downregulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity
down regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity
down-regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity
inhibition of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity
4-hydroxyphenylacetate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
4-hydroxyphenylacetate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
downregulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
down regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
down-regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
downregulation of potassium transporter activity
down regulation of potassium transporter activity
down-regulation of potassium transporter activity
inhibition of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
inhibition of potassium transporter activity
negative regulation of potassium transporter activity
regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
regulation of potassium transporter activity
regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
activation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
activation of potassium transporter activity
positive regulation of potassium transporter activity
upregulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
up regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
up-regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
upregulation of potassium transporter activity
up regulation of potassium transporter activity
up-regulation of potassium transporter activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (S)-reticuline.
3alpha(S)-strictosidine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3alpha(S)-strictosidine.
3alpha(S)-strictosidine metabolic process
obsolete 3alpha(S)-strictosidine catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3alpha(S)-strictosidine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (S)-scoulerine.
obsolete (S)-scoulerine catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (S)-scoulerine.
obsolete (S)-reticuline catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (S)-reticuline.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (S)-reticuline.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ubiquinone-6.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone-6. Ubiquinone-6 is a ubiquinone compound having a (2E,6E,10E,14E,18E)-3,7,11,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaen-1-yl substituent at position 2.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (S)-scoulerine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone-6.
negative regulation of response to salt stress
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress.
downregulation of response to ionic osmotic stress
down regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress
down-regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress
downregulation of response to salt stress
down regulation of response to salt stress
down-regulation of response to salt stress
inhibition of response to ionic osmotic stress
negative regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress
negative regulation of salinity response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress.
regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fermentation.
positive regulation of response to salt stress
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress.
activation of response to ionic osmotic stress
positive regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress
positive regulation of salinity response
upregulation of response to ionic osmotic stress
up regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress
up-regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress
up regulation of response to salt stress
up-regulation of response to salt stress
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitrobenzene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrobenzene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-secologanin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-secologanin.
Binding to ubiquinone-6. Ubiquinone-6 is a ubiquinone compound having a (2E,6E,10E,14E,18E)-3,7,11,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaen-1-yl substituent at position 2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-secologanin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sarcosine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sarcosine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving trimethylenediamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sarcosine.
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of multicellular organism growth
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription, that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size.
TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway of regulation of body growth
TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway of regulation of body growth
TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway of regulation of body size
TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway of regulation of body size
TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway of regulation of multicellular organism growth
TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway of regulation of multicellular organism growth
TGFbeta receptor signalling pathway of regulation of body growth
TGF-beta receptor signalling pathway of regulation of body growth
TGFbeta receptor signalling pathway of regulation of body size
TGF-beta receptor signalling pathway of regulation of body size
TGFbeta receptor signalling pathway of regulation of multicellular organism growth
TGF-beta receptor signalling pathway of regulation of multicellular organism growth
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway of regulation of body growth
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway of regulation of body size
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway of regulation of multicellular organism growth
transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway of regulation of body growth
transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway of regulation of body size
transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway of regulation of multicellular organism growth
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of atropine. Atropine is the racemic mixture of hyoscyamine.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atropine.
negative regulation of egg-laying behavior
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oviposition.
protein polyubiquitination involved in nucleus-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
Any protein polyubiquitination that is involved in nucleus-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
obsolete insulin receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of adult lifespan
OBSOLETE. The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin that controls viability and duration in the adult phase of the life-cycle.
positive regulation of egg-laying behavior
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oviposition.
positive regulation of peptide antigen transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptide antigen transport.
upregulation of peptide antigen transport
up regulation of peptide antigen transport
up-regulation of peptide antigen transport
negative regulation of peptide antigen transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptide antigen transport.
downregulation of peptide antigen transport
down regulation of peptide antigen transport
down-regulation of peptide antigen transport
obsolete protein polyubiquitination involved in cellular response to misfolded protein
OBSOLETE. Any protein polyubiquitination that is involved in cellular response to misfolded protein.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during M/G1 transition of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the M/G1 transition of the mitotic cell cycle.
positive regulation of L-glutamine import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import into cell.
positive regulation of L-glutamine import
positive regulation of L-glutamine uptake
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptide antigen transport.
cyanidin 3-O-glucoside metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside.
cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside metabolic process
cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside metabolism
positive regulation of response to reactive oxygen species
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.
activation of response to active oxygen species
activation of response to reactive oxidative species
activation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate
activation of response to reactive oxygen species
positive regulation of response to active oxygen species
positive regulation of response to reactive oxidative species
positive regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate
upregulation of response to active oxygen species
up regulation of response to active oxygen species
up-regulation of response to active oxygen species
upregulation of response to reactive oxidative species
up regulation of response to reactive oxidative species
up-regulation of response to reactive oxidative species
upregulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate
up regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate
up-regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate
upregulation of response to reactive oxygen species
up regulation of response to reactive oxygen species
up-regulation of response to reactive oxygen species
negative regulation of response to reactive oxygen species
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.
downregulation of response to active oxygen species
down regulation of response to active oxygen species
down-regulation of response to active oxygen species
downregulation of response to reactive oxidative species
down regulation of response to reactive oxidative species
down-regulation of response to reactive oxidative species
downregulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate
down regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate
down-regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate
downregulation of response to reactive oxygen species
down regulation of response to reactive oxygen species
down-regulation of response to reactive oxygen species
inhibition of response to active oxygen species
inhibition of response to reactive oxidative species
inhibition of response to reactive oxygen intermediate
inhibition of response to reactive oxygen species
negative regulation of response to active oxygen species
negative regulation of response to reactive oxidative species
negative regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate
negative regulation of L-glutamine import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import into a cell.
negative regulation of L-glutamine import
negative regulation of L-glutamine uptake
regulation of L-glutamine import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import into cell.
negative regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
downregulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
down regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
down-regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
inhibition of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
negative regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
regulation of response to reactive oxygen species
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.
regulation of response to active oxygen species
regulation of response to reactive oxidative species
regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate
positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
activation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
upregulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
up regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
up-regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
ripoptosome assembly involved in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of ripoptosome components leading to apoptosis via the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
4-hydroxyphenylacetate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dextrin.
ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptotic process
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of ripoptosome components leading to a necroptotic process.
ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptosis
pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolizidine alkaloid.
obsolete pyrrolizidine alkaloid catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrrolizidine alkaloid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzylpenicillin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzylpenicillin.
negative regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of smooth muscle.
downregulation of relaxation of smooth muscle
down regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle
down-regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle
downregulation of smooth muscle relaxation
down regulation of smooth muscle relaxation
down-regulation of smooth muscle relaxation
inhibition of relaxation of smooth muscle
negative regulation of smooth muscle relaxation
regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of smooth muscle.
pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrrolizidine alkaloid.
positive regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of smooth muscle.
activation of relaxation of smooth muscle
positive regulation of smooth muscle relaxation
upregulation of relaxation of smooth muscle
up regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle
up-regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle
upregulation of smooth muscle relaxation
up regulation of smooth muscle relaxation
up-regulation of smooth muscle relaxation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.
positive regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of engulfment of apoptotic cell.
activation of engulfment of apoptotic cell
activation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse
positive regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse
positive regulation of engulfment of cell corpse
upregulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell
up regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell
up-regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell
upregulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse
up regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse
up-regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse
upregulation of engulfment of cell corpse
up regulation of engulfment of cell corpse
up-regulation of engulfment of cell corpse
positive regulation of relaxation of muscle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.
negative regulation of relaxation of muscle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.
glucosamine-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines).
glucosamine-containing compound anabolism
glucosamine-containing compound biosynthesis
glucosamine-containing compound formation
glucosamine-containing compound synthesis
glucosamine-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines).
glucosamine-containing compound breakdown
glucosamine-containing compound catabolism
glucosamine-containing compound degradation
negative regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of engulfment of apoptotic cell.
downregulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell
down regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell
down-regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell
downregulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse
down regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse
down-regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse
downregulation of engulfment of cell corpse
down regulation of engulfment of cell corpse
down-regulation of engulfment of cell corpse
inhibition of engulfment of apoptotic cell
inhibition of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse
negative regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse
negative regulation of engulfment of cell corpse
regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of engulfment of apoptotic cell.
regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse
guanosine-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine-containing compounds (guanosines).
guanosine-containing compound catabolism
guanosine-containing compound degradation
guanosine-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanosine-containing compounds (guanosines).
guanosine-containing compound metabolism
glucosamine-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines).
glucosamine-containing compound metabolism
guanosine-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanosine-containing compounds (guanosines).
guanosine-containing compound biosynthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of syringal lignin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving syringal lignin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ferulate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of syringal lignin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving guaiacyl lignin.
p-hydroxyphenyl lignin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guaiacyl lignin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guaiacyl lignin.
trimethylenediamine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trimethylenediamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trimethylenediamine.
p-hydroxyphenyl lignin catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.
p-hydroxyphenyl lignin metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cephamycin C.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cephamycin C.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tobramycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cephamycin C.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving erythromycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of actinorhodin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of erythromycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of erythromycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granaticin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of granaticin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of actinorhodin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving actinorhodin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetracenomycin C.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracenomycin C.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving granaticin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracenomycin C.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving gramicidin S.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gramicidin S.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gramicidin S.
negative regulation of autophagosome maturation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome maturation.
downregulation of amphisome-lysosome fusion
down regulation of amphisome-lysosome fusion
down-regulation of amphisome-lysosome fusion
downregulation of autolysosome formation
down regulation of autolysosome formation
down-regulation of autolysosome formation
downregulation of autophagic vacuole fusion
down regulation of autophagic vacuole fusion
down-regulation of autophagic vacuole fusion
downregulation of autophagic vacuole maturation
down regulation of autophagic vacuole maturation
down-regulation of autophagic vacuole maturation
downregulation of autophagosome maturation
down regulation of autophagosome maturation
down-regulation of autophagosome maturation
downregulation of fusion of autophagosome with lysosome
down regulation of fusion of autophagosome with lysosome
down-regulation of fusion of autophagosome with lysosome
inhibition of autophagic vacuole maturation
inhibition of fusion of autophagosome with lysosome
negative regulation of amphisome-lysosome fusion
negative regulation of autolysosome formation
negative regulation of autophagic vacuole fusion
negative regulation of autophagosome fusion
negative regulation of fusion of autophagosome with lysosome
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome maturation.
regulation of fusion of autophagosome with lysosome
negative regulation of signal transduction in absence of ligand
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction in absence of ligand.
downregulation of non-classical signal transduction
down regulation of non-classical signal transduction
down-regulation of non-classical signal transduction
downregulation of signal transduction in absence of agonist
down regulation of signal transduction in absence of agonist
down-regulation of signal transduction in absence of agonist
downregulation of signal transduction in absence of ligand
down regulation of signal transduction in absence of ligand
down-regulation of signal transduction in absence of ligand
inhibition of signal transduction in absence of ligand
negative regulation of non-classical signal transduction
negative regulation of signal transduction in absence of agonist
positive regulation of autophagosome maturation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome maturation.
activation of autophagic vacuole maturation
activation of fusion of autophagosome with lysosome
positive regulation of amphisome-lysosome fusion
positive regulation of autolysosome formation
positive regulation of autophagic vacuole fusion
positive regulation of autophagosome fusion
positive regulation of fusion of autophagosome with lysosome
upregulation of amphisome-lysosome fusion
up regulation of amphisome-lysosome fusion
up-regulation of amphisome-lysosome fusion
upregulation of autophagic vacuole fusion
up regulation of autophagic vacuole fusion
up-regulation of autophagic vacuole fusion
upregulation of autophagic vacuole maturation
up regulation of autophagic vacuole maturation
up-regulation of autophagic vacuole maturation
upregulation of autophagosome maturation
up regulation of autophagosome maturation
up-regulation of autophagosome maturation
upregulation of fusion of autophagosome with lysosome
up regulation of fusion of autophagosome with lysosome
up-regulation of fusion of autophagosome with lysosome
regulation of protein homotetramerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homotetramerization.
regulation of protein homotetramer assembly
regulation of protein homotetramer biosynthesis
regulation of protein homotetramer biosynthetic process
regulation of protein homotetramer formation
positive regulation of protein tetramerization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein tetramerization.
activation of protein tetramer biosynthesis
activation of protein tetramer biosynthetic process
activation of protein tetramer formation
positive regulation of protein tetramer assembly
positive regulation of protein tetramer biosynthesis
positive regulation of protein tetramer biosynthetic process
positive regulation of protein tetramer formation
upregulation of protein tetramer assembly
up regulation of protein tetramer assembly
up-regulation of protein tetramer assembly
upregulation of protein tetramer biosynthesis
up regulation of protein tetramer biosynthesis
up-regulation of protein tetramer biosynthesis
upregulation of protein tetramer biosynthetic process
up regulation of protein tetramer biosynthetic process
up-regulation of protein tetramer biosynthetic process
upregulation of protein tetramer formation
up regulation of protein tetramer formation
up-regulation of protein tetramer formation
up regulation of protein tetramerization
up-regulation of protein tetramerization
positive regulation of protein homotetramerization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homotetramerization.
activation of protein homotetramer assembly
activation of protein homotetramer biosynthesis
activation of protein homotetramer biosynthetic process
activation of protein homotetramer formation
activation of protein homotetramerization
positive regulation of protein homotetramer assembly
positive regulation of protein homotetramer biosynthesis
positive regulation of protein homotetramer biosynthetic process
positive regulation of protein homotetramer formation
upregulation of protein homotetramer assembly
up regulation of protein homotetramer assembly
up-regulation of protein homotetramer assembly
upregulation of protein homotetramer biosynthesis
up regulation of protein homotetramer biosynthesis
up-regulation of protein homotetramer biosynthesis
upregulation of protein homotetramer biosynthetic process
up regulation of protein homotetramer biosynthetic process
up-regulation of protein homotetramer biosynthetic process
upregulation of protein homotetramer formation
up regulation of protein homotetramer formation
up-regulation of protein homotetramer formation
upregulation of protein homotetramerization
up regulation of protein homotetramerization
up-regulation of protein homotetramerization
negative regulation of protein homotetramerization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein homotetramerization.
downregulation of protein homotetramer assembly
down regulation of protein homotetramer assembly
down-regulation of protein homotetramer assembly
downregulation of protein homotetramer biosynthesis
down regulation of protein homotetramer biosynthesis
down-regulation of protein homotetramer biosynthesis
downregulation of protein homotetramer biosynthetic process
down regulation of protein homotetramer biosynthetic process
down-regulation of protein homotetramer biosynthetic process
downregulation of protein homotetramer formation
down regulation of protein homotetramer formation
down-regulation of protein homotetramer formation
downregulation of protein homotetramerization
down regulation of protein homotetramerization
down-regulation of protein homotetramerization
inhibition of protein homotetramer assembly
inhibition of protein homotetramer biosynthesis
inhibition of protein homotetramer biosynthetic process
inhibition of protein homotetramer formation
inhibition of protein homotetramerization
negative regulation of protein homotetramer assembly
negative regulation of protein homotetramer biosynthesis
negative regulation of protein homotetramer biosynthetic process
negative regulation of protein homotetramer formation
acetate ester metabolic process involved in fermentation
Any acetate ester metabolic process that is involved in fermentation.
acetate ester metabolic process during fermentation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzylpenicillin.
negative regulation of protein tetramerization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein tetramerization.
downregulation of protein tetramer assembly
down regulation of protein tetramer assembly
down-regulation of protein tetramer assembly
downregulation of protein tetramer biosynthesis
down regulation of protein tetramer biosynthesis
down-regulation of protein tetramer biosynthesis
downregulation of protein tetramer biosynthetic process
down regulation of protein tetramer biosynthetic process
down-regulation of protein tetramer biosynthetic process
downregulation of protein tetramer formation
down regulation of protein tetramer formation
down-regulation of protein tetramer formation
downregulation of protein tetramerization
down regulation of protein tetramerization
down-regulation of protein tetramerization
inhibition of protein tetramer biosynthesis
inhibition of protein tetramer biosynthetic process
inhibition of protein tetramer formation
negative regulation of protein tetramer assembly
negative regulation of protein tetramer biosynthesis
negative regulation of protein tetramer biosynthetic process
negative regulation of protein tetramer formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein tetramerization.
regulation of protein tetramer biosynthesis
regulation of protein tetramer biosynthetic process
regulation of protein tetramer formation
gene expression involved in extracellular matrix organization
Any gene expression that is involved in extracellular matrix organization. Gene expression includes both transcription to produce an RNA transcript, and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included in gene expression when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
expression of extracellular matrix proteins
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vistamycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vistamycin.
mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis
Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in nephron morphogenesis.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of insulin.
mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis
Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis.
mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis
Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis.
regulation of lignin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lignin biosynthetic process.
The directed movement of a p-coumaryl alcohol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insulin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving insulin.
carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrate derivative.
carbohydrate derivative catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate derivative.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of kanamycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of kanamycin.
carbohydrate derivative metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gentamycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving gentamycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving kanamycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gentamycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving candicidin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bacitracin A.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of candicidin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of candicidin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tobramycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tobramycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bacitracin A.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacitracin A.
negative regulation of cellular response to caffeine
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to caffeine.
downregulation of cellular response to caffeine
down regulation of cellular response to caffeine
down-regulation of cellular response to caffeine
inhibition of cellular response to caffeine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spheroidene.
positive regulation of camalexin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of camalexin biosynthetic process.
activation of camalexin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of camalexin anabolism
positive regulation of camalexin biosynthesis
positive regulation of camalexin formation
positive regulation of camalexin synthesis
upregulation of camalexin biosynthetic process
up regulation of camalexin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of camalexin biosynthetic process
regulation of camalexin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of camalexin biosynthetic process.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lycopene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lycopene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spheroidene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving spheroidene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytoene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lycopene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-chlorocatechol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-chlorocatechol.
obsolete naphthalene biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of naphthalene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of naphthalene.
positive regulation of trophoblast cell migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.
activation of trophoblast cell migration
upregulation of trophoblast cell migration
up regulation of trophoblast cell migration
up-regulation of trophoblast cell migration
negative regulation of trophoblast cell migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.
downregulation of trophoblast cell migration
down regulation of trophoblast cell migration
down-regulation of trophoblast cell migration
inhibition of trophoblast cell migration
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-chlorocatechol.
neural crest cell migration involved in autonomic nervous system development
Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in autonomic nervous system development.
primary amino compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary amino compound.
primary amino compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary amino compound.
regulation of trophoblast cell migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.
primary amino compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of primary amino compound.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neomycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving neomycin.
xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose 5-phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neomycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving paromomycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vistamycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of paromomycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of paromomycin.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in heart development
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the development of the heart over time.
positive regulation of cardiac chamber formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation.
positive regulation of heart chamber formation
upregulation of cardiac chamber formation
up regulation of cardiac chamber formation
up-regulation of cardiac chamber formation
up regulation of heart chamber formation
up-regulation of heart chamber formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
negative regulation of neuronal cell death
negative regulation of neuron cell death
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart looping.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart looping.
negative regulation of cardiac chamber formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation.
downregulation of cardiac chamber formation
down regulation of cardiac chamber formation
down-regulation of cardiac chamber formation
downregulation of heart chamber formation
down regulation of heart chamber formation
down-regulation of heart chamber formation
negative regulation of heart chamber formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation.
obsolete negative regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cardiac adrenergic receptor signaling pathway.
obsolete regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cardiac adrenergic receptor signaling pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart looping.
obsolete positive regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cardiac adrenergic receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of extracellular matrix assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.
negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol involved in cellular response to salt stress
Any negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol that is involved in cellular response to salt stress.
negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol involved in cellular response to ionic osmotic stress
negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol involved in cellular salinity response
positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.
activation of extracellular matrix assembly
upregulation of extracellular matrix assembly
up regulation of extracellular matrix assembly
up-regulation of extracellular matrix assembly
negative regulation of extracellular matrix assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.
downregulation of extracellular matrix assembly
down regulation of extracellular matrix assembly
down-regulation of extracellular matrix assembly
inhibition of extracellular matrix assembly
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to calcium ion
Any positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling that is involved in cellular response to calcium ion.
activation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to Ca2+ ion
activation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to calcium ion
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to Ca2+ ion
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signalling involved in cellular response to Ca2+ ion
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signalling involved in cellular response to calcium ion
stimulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to Ca2+ ion
stimulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to calcium ion
upregulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to Ca2+ ion
up regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to Ca2+ ion
up-regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to Ca2+ ion
upregulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to calcium ion
up regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to calcium ion
up-regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in response to calcium ion
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to salt stress
Any positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling that is involved in cellular response to salt stress.
activation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to ionic osmotic stress
activation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to salt stress
activation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular salinity response
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to ionic osmotic stress
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular salinity response
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signalling involved in cellular response to ionic osmotic stress
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signalling involved in cellular response to salt stress
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signalling involved in cellular salinity response
stimulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to ionic osmotic stress
stimulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to salt stress
stimulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular salinity response
upregulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to ionic osmotic stress
up regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to ionic osmotic stress
up-regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to ionic osmotic stress
upregulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to salt stress
up regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to salt stress
up-regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to salt stress
upregulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular salinity response
up regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular salinity response
up-regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular salinity response
positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol involved in cellular response to salt stress
Any positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol that is involved in cellular response to salt stress.
positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol involved in cellular response to ionic osmotic stress
positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol involved in cellular salinity response
positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol involved in cellular response to calcium ion
Any positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol that is involved in cellular response to calcium ion.
positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol involved in cellular response to Ca2+ ion
regulation of formation of translation preinitiation complex
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation preinitiation complex.
regulation of formation of translation pre-initiation complex
regulation of translation preinitiation complex assembly
positive regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation initiation ternary complex.
activation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex
activation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly
positive regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly
upregulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex
up regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex
up-regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex
upregulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly
up regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly
up-regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly
positive regulation of formation of translation preinitiation complex
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation preinitiation complex.
activation of formation of translation preinitiation complex
activation of formation of translation pre-initiation complex
activation of translation preinitiation complex assembly
positive regulation of formation of translation pre-initiation complex
positive regulation of translation preinitiation complex assembly
upregulation of formation of translation preinitiation complex
upregulation of formation of translation pre-initiation complex
up regulation of formation of translation preinitiation complex
up regulation of formation of translation pre-initiation complex
up-regulation of formation of translation preinitiation complex
up-regulation of formation of translation pre-initiation complex
upregulation of translation preinitiation complex assembly
up regulation of translation preinitiation complex assembly
up-regulation of translation preinitiation complex assembly
negative regulation of formation of translation preinitiation complex
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation preinitiation complex.
downregulation of formation of translation preinitiation complex
downregulation of formation of translation pre-initiation complex
down regulation of formation of translation preinitiation complex
down regulation of formation of translation pre-initiation complex
down-regulation of formation of translation preinitiation complex
down-regulation of formation of translation pre-initiation complex
downregulation of translation preinitiation complex assembly
down regulation of translation preinitiation complex assembly
down-regulation of translation preinitiation complex assembly
inhibition of formation of translation preinitiation complex
inhibition of formation of translation pre-initiation complex
inhibition of translation preinitiation complex assembly
negative regulation of formation of translation pre-initiation complex
negative regulation of translation preinitiation complex assembly
positive regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ephrin receptor signaling pathway.
activation of Eph receptor signaling pathway
activation of Eph receptor signalling pathway
activation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of Eph receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of Eph receptor signalling pathway
upregulation of Eph receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of Eph receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of Eph receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of Eph receptor signalling pathway
up regulation of Eph receptor signalling pathway
up-regulation of Eph receptor signalling pathway
upregulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ephrin receptor signaling pathway.
downregulation of Eph receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of Eph receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of Eph receptor signaling pathway
downregulation of Eph receptor signalling pathway
down regulation of Eph receptor signalling pathway
down-regulation of Eph receptor signalling pathway
downregulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of Eph receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of Eph receptor signalling pathway
inhibition of ephrin receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of Eph receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of Eph receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation initiation ternary complex.
downregulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex
down regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex
down-regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex
downregulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly
down regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly
down-regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly
inhibition of formation of translation initiation ternary complex
inhibition of translation initiation ternary complex assembly
negative regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly
regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation initiation ternary complex.
regulation of translation initiation ternary complex assembly
negative regulation of ERBB signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway.
downregulation of EGF receptor family signaling pathway
down regulation of EGF receptor family signaling pathway
down-regulation of EGF receptor family signaling pathway
downregulation of EGFR family signaling pathway
down regulation of EGFR family signaling pathway
down-regulation of EGFR family signaling pathway
downregulation of ERBB signaling pathway
down regulation of ERBB signaling pathway
down-regulation of ERBB signaling pathway
downregulation of ERBB signalling pathway
down regulation of ERBB signalling pathway
down-regulation of ERBB signalling pathway
inhibition of EGF receptor family signaling pathway
inhibition of EGFR family signaling pathway
negative regulation of EGF receptor family signaling pathway
negative regulation of EGFR family signaling pathway
negative regulation of ERBB signalling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway.
regulation of EGF receptor family signaling pathway
regulation of EGFR family signaling pathway
regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ephrin receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of Eph receptor signaling pathway
regulation of Eph receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of ERBB signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway.
activation of EGF receptor family signaling pathway
activation of EGFR family signaling pathway
positive regulation of EGF receptor family signaling pathway
positive regulation of EGFR family signaling pathway
positive regulation of ERBB signalling pathway
upregulation of EGF receptor family signaling pathway
up regulation of EGF receptor family signaling pathway
up-regulation of EGF receptor family signaling pathway
upregulation of EGFR family signaling pathway
up regulation of EGFR family signaling pathway
up-regulation of EGFR family signaling pathway
up regulation of ERBB signalling pathway
up-regulation of ERBB signalling pathway
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway by B cell receptor internalization
The movement of a B cell receptor (BCR) from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell, which results in positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling. For example, internalized BCR signals to recruit TLR9 from multiple small endosomes to large autophagosome-like compartments to enhance TLR9 signaling.
positive regulation of TLR9 signaling pathway by B cell receptor internalization
positive regulation of TLR9 signaling pathway by BCR endocytosis
positive regulation of TLR9 signaling pathway by BCR receptor internalization
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway by BCR endocytosis
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway by BCR receptor internalization
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signalling pathway by B cell receptor internalization
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signalling pathway by BCR endocytosis
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signalling pathway by BCR receptor internalization
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to fungus
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter to protect the cell or organism in response to the presence of a fungus.
negative regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation.
downregulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation
down regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation
down-regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation
inhibition of lung ciliated cell differentiation
regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation.
4-hydroxyphenylacetate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate from one side of a membrane to the other.
ABC-type doxorubicin transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + doxorubicin(in) = ADP + phosphate + doxorubicin(out).
ATPase-coupled doxorubicin transmembrane transporter activity
doxorubicin transmembrane-transporting ATPase activity
4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate from one side of a membrane to the other.
malonate(1-) transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of malonate(1-) from one side of a membrane to the other.
malonic acid uptake transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + tungstate(in) = ADP + phosphate + tungstate(out).
ATPase-coupled tungstate transmembrane transporter activity
tungstate transmembrane transporter activity
tungstate transmembrane-transporting ATPase activity
negative regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.
downregulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation
down regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation
down-regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation
inhibition of convergent extension involved in axis elongation
regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.
(R)-carnitine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of (R)-carnitine from one side of a membrane to the other.
positive regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.
activation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation
upregulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation
up regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation
up-regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation
regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade.
regulation of non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway via JNK cascade
regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via JNK cascade
regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway via JNK cascade
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in heart development
OBSOLETE. Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in heart development.
positive regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade.
activation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via JNK cascade
activation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway via JNK cascade
positive regulation of non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway via JNK cascade
positive regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via JNK cascade
positive regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway via JNK cascade
upregulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via JNK cascade
up regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via JNK cascade
up-regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via JNK cascade
upregulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway via JNK cascade
up regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway via JNK cascade
up-regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway via JNK cascade
negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade.
downregulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via JNK cascade
down regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via JNK cascade
down-regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via JNK cascade
downregulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway via JNK cascade
down regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway via JNK cascade
down-regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway via JNK cascade
inhibition of non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via JNK cascade
inhibition of non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway via JNK cascade
negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway via JNK cascade
negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via JNK cascade
negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway via JNK cascade
obsolete negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in heart development
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in heart development.
positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.
activation of noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling
activation of non-canonical NF-KB signaling
activation of noncanonical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway
activation of p52-dependent NF-kappaB signaling
negative regulation of cytoplasmic NF-kappaB storage
positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB cascade
positive regulation of noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling
positive regulation of non-canonical NF-KB signaling
positive regulation of noncanonical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway
positive regulation of p52-dependent NF-kappaB signaling
release of cytoplasmic sequestered NF-kappaB
release of NF-kappaB sequestered in cytoplasm
upregulation of noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling
up regulation of noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling
up-regulation of noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling
upregulation of non-canonical NF-KB signaling
up regulation of non-canonical NF-KB signaling
up-regulation of non-canonical NF-KB signaling
upregulation of noncanonical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway
up regulation of noncanonical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway
up-regulation of noncanonical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway
upregulation of p52-dependent NF-kappaB signaling
up regulation of p52-dependent NF-kappaB signaling
up-regulation of p52-dependent NF-kappaB signaling
OBSOLETE. Any negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in heart development.
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in heart development.
positive regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis.
activation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis
activation of heart chamber morphogenesis
positive regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis
upregulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis
up regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis
up-regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis
upregulation of heart chamber morphogenesis
up regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis
up-regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis
negative regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis.
downregulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis
down regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis
down-regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis
downregulation of heart chamber morphogenesis
down regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis
down-regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis
inhibition of cardiac chamber morphogenesis
inhibition of heart chamber morphogenesis
negative regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis
negative regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.
down regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB cascade
down-regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB cascade
downregulation of noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling
down regulation of noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling
down-regulation of noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling
downregulation of non-canonical NF-KB signaling
down regulation of non-canonical NF-KB signaling
down-regulation of non-canonical NF-KB signaling
downregulation of noncanonical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway
down regulation of noncanonical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway
down-regulation of noncanonical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway
downregulation of p52-dependent NF-kappaB signaling
down regulation of p52-dependent NF-kappaB signaling
down-regulation of p52-dependent NF-kappaB signaling
inhibition of noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling
inhibition of non-canonical NF-KB signaling
inhibition of noncanonical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway
inhibition of p52-dependent NF-kappaB signaling
negative regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
negative regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB cascade
negative regulation of noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling
negative regulation of non-canonical NF-KB signaling
negative regulation of noncanonical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway
negative regulation of p52-dependent NF-kappaB signaling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.
regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
regulation of noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling
regulation of non-canonical NF-KB signaling
regulation of noncanonical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway
regulation of p52-dependent NF-kappaB signaling
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of holin activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
positive regulation of neuronal cell death
positive regulation of neuron cell death
regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis.
regulation of heart chamber morphogenesis
obsolete negative regulation of holin activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of holin activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tartrate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tartrate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-ribose 5-phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-ribose 5-phosphate.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid breakdown
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid catabolism
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid degradation
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tartrate.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid anabolism
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid biosynthesis
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid formation
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipooligosaccharide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cephalosporin C.
lipooligosaccharide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipooligosaccharide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipooligosaccharide.
The directed movement of a carbohydrate derivative into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cephalosporin C.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cephalosporin C.
regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp spore cell differentiation.
peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation involved in bacterial-type EF-P lysine modification
Any peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation that is involved in bacterial-type EF-P lysine modification.
positive regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp spore cell differentiation.
activation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation
upregulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation
up regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation
up-regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation
negative regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp spore cell differentiation.
downregulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation
down regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation
down-regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation
inhibition of sorocarp spore cell differentiation
negative regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
downregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
down regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
down-regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
inhibition of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
Any rRNA processing that takes place in chloroplast.
positive regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
activation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
upregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
up regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
up-regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
negative regulation of intracellular transport of viral material
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport of viral material.
downregulation of egress of virus within host cell
down regulation of egress of virus within host cell
down-regulation of egress of virus within host cell
downregulation of movement of virus within host cell
down regulation of movement of virus within host cell
down-regulation of movement of virus within host cell
inhibition of egress of virus within host cell
inhibition of movement of virus within host cell
negative regulation of egress of virus within host cell
negative regulation of movement of virus within host cell
regulation of intracellular transport of viral material
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of egress of virus within host cell.
regulation of egress of virus within host cell
regulation of movement of virus within host cell
nucleotide-excision repair involved in interstrand cross-link repair
Any nucleotide-excision repair that is involved in interstrand cross-link repair.
NER involved in interstrand cross-link repair
nucleotide-excision repair involved in ICL repair
positive regulation of intracellular transport of viral material
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport of viral material.
activation of egress of virus within host cell
activation of movement of virus within host cell
positive regulation of egress of virus within host cell
positive regulation of movement of virus within host cell
upregulation of egress of virus within host cell
up regulation of egress of virus within host cell
up-regulation of egress of virus within host cell
upregulation of movement of virus within host cell
up regulation of movement of virus within host cell
up-regulation of movement of virus within host cell
regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation.
regulation of pulmonary goblet cell differentiation
positive regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation.
activation of lung ciliated cell differentiation
upregulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation
up regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation
up-regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation
positive regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation.
activation of lung goblet cell differentiation
activation of pulmonary goblet cell differentiation
positive regulation of pulmonary goblet cell differentiation
upregulation of lung goblet cell differentiation
up regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation
up-regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation
upregulation of pulmonary goblet cell differentiation
up regulation of pulmonary goblet cell differentiation
up-regulation of pulmonary goblet cell differentiation
negative regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation.
downregulation of lung goblet cell differentiation
down regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation
down-regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation
downregulation of pulmonary goblet cell differentiation
down regulation of pulmonary goblet cell differentiation
down-regulation of pulmonary goblet cell differentiation
inhibition of lung goblet cell differentiation
inhibition of pulmonary goblet cell differentiation
negative regulation of pulmonary goblet cell differentiation
obsolete negative regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage.
obsolete regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage.
obsolete regulation of gene expression involved in extracellular matrix organization
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression involved in extracellular matrix organization.
obsolete positive regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage.
negative regulation of spermidine biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spermidine biosynthetic process.
downregulation of spermidine biosynthesis
down regulation of spermidine biosynthesis
down-regulation of spermidine biosynthesis
downregulation of spermidine biosynthetic process
down regulation of spermidine biosynthetic process
down-regulation of spermidine biosynthetic process
inhibition of spermidine biosynthetic process
negative regulation of spermidine anabolism
negative regulation of spermidine biosynthesis
negative regulation of spermidine formation
negative regulation of spermidine synthesis
regulation of spermidine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spermidine biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of spermidine biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermidine biosynthetic process.
activation of spermidine biosynthetic process
positive regulation of spermidine anabolism
positive regulation of spermidine biosynthesis
positive regulation of spermidine formation
positive regulation of spermidine synthesis
up regulation of spermidine biosynthesis
up-regulation of spermidine biosynthesis
upregulation of spermidine biosynthetic process
up regulation of spermidine biosynthetic process
up-regulation of spermidine biosynthetic process
regulation of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle.
regulation of cargo loading into COPII vesicle
regulation of cargo selection into COPII-coated vesicle
regulation of COPII coat-cargo complex assembly
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.
activation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death
upregulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death
up regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death
up-regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death
negative regulation of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cargo loading into a COPII-coated vesicle.
downregulation of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle
down regulation of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle
down-regulation of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle
downregulation of cargo loading into COPII vesicle
down regulation of cargo loading into COPII vesicle
down-regulation of cargo loading into COPII vesicle
downregulation of cargo selection into COPII-coated vesicle
down regulation of cargo selection into COPII-coated vesicle
down-regulation of cargo selection into COPII-coated vesicle
downregulation of COPII coat-cargo complex assembly
down regulation of COPII coat-cargo complex assembly
down-regulation of COPII coat-cargo complex assembly
inhibition of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle
inhibition of cargo loading into COPII vesicle
inhibition of cargo selection into COPII-coated vesicle
inhibition of COPII coat-cargo complex assembly
inhibition of COPII vesicle protein binding
inhibition of protein sorting into COPII-coated vesicles
negative regulation of cargo loading into COPII vesicle
negative regulation of cargo selection into COPII-coated vesicle
negative regulation of COPII coat-cargo complex assembly
positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment.
activation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
activation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
positive regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
positive regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
positive regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
upregulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
up regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
up-regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
upregulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
up regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
up-regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment.
downregulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
down regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
down-regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
downregulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
down regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
down-regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
inhibition of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
inhibition of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
negative regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.
downregulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death
down regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death
down-regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death
inhibition of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death
regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.
nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside phosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside phosphate.
regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment.
regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment
obsolete negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway by negative regulation of DNA binding
OBSOLETE. Negative regulation of DNA binding that results in negative regulation of a SREBP signaling pathway.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of succinyl-CoA.
iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor.
iron-molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor anabolism
iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor formation
iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor synthesis
negative regulation of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing.
downregulation of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing
down regulation of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing
down-regulation of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing
inhibition of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of succinyl-CoA.
5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.
5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin anabolism
5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin biosynthesis
5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin formation
5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin synthesis
5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.
5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin breakdown
5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin catabolism
5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin degradation
iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor.
iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor breakdown
iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor catabolism
iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor degradation
iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor.
iron-molybdenum cofactor metabolic process
iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructoselysine.
D-ribose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-ribose 5-phosphate.
5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.
5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructoselysine.
positive regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium channel activity.
upregulation of store-operated calcium channel activity
up regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity
up-regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity
negative regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium channel activity.
downregulation of store-operated calcium channel activity
down regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity
down-regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity
inhibition of store-operated calcium channel activity
negative regulation of vasculature development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development.
downregulation of vascular system development
down regulation of vascular system development
down-regulation of vascular system development
downregulation of vasculature development
down regulation of vasculature development
down-regulation of vasculature development
inhibition of vascular system development
negative regulation of vascular system development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development.
regulation of vascular system development
The directed movement of a thioester into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactone.
regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium channel activity.
positive regulation of lateral root development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development.
upregulation of lateral root development
up regulation of lateral root development
up-regulation of lateral root development
negative regulation of lateral root development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development.
downregulation of lateral root development
down regulation of lateral root development
down-regulation of lateral root development
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactone.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactone.
regulation of odontoblast differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of odontoblast differentiation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytochalasin B stimulus.
positive regulation of odontoblast differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of odontoblast differentiation.
activation of odontoblast differentiation
upregulation of odontoblast differentiation
up regulation of odontoblast differentiation
up-regulation of odontoblast differentiation
negative regulation of odontoblast differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of odontoblast differentiation.
downregulation of odontoblast differentiation
down regulation of odontoblast differentiation
down-regulation of odontoblast differentiation
inhibition of odontoblast differentiation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimycin A stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichodermin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tacrolimus stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetracycline stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart induction.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart induction.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythromycin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloramphenicol stimulus.
regulation of flagellated sperm motility
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.
positive regulation of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination.
activation of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination
upregulation of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination
up regulation of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination
up-regulation of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination
positive regulation of trehalose catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trehalose catabolic process.
activation of trehalose catabolic process
positive regulation of mycose catabolic process
positive regulation of mycose catabolism
positive regulation of mykose catabolic process
positive regulation of mykose catabolism
positive regulation of trehalose breakdown
positive regulation of trehalose catabolism
positive regulation of trehalose degradation
upregulation of mycose catabolic process
up regulation of mycose catabolic process
up-regulation of mycose catabolic process
upregulation of mykose catabolic process
up regulation of mykose catabolic process
up-regulation of mykose catabolic process
upregulation of trehalose catabolic process
up regulation of trehalose catabolic process
up-regulation of trehalose catabolic process
negative regulation of flagellated sperm motility
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.
obsolete positive regulation of gene expression involved in extracellular matrix organization
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression involved in extracellular matrix organization.
obsolete negative regulation of gene expression involved in extracellular matrix organization
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression involved in extracellular matrix organization.
negative regulation of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination.
downregulation of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination
down regulation of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination
down-regulation of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination
inhibition of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination
regulation of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination.
The directed movement of a lipid hydroperoxide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
obsolete trehalose biosynthetic process involved in ascospore formation
OBSOLETE. Any trehalose biosynthetic process that is involved in ascospore formation.
acetate ester transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of an acetate ester from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of an acetate ester into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
cyclic 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic 2,3-bisphospho-D-glyceric acid.
cyclic 2,3-bisphospho-D-glyceric acid anabolism
cyclic 2,3-bisphospho-D-glyceric acid biosynthesis
cyclic 2,3-bisphospho-D-glyceric acid biosynthetic process
cyclic 2,3-bisphospho-D-glyceric acid formation
cyclic 2,3-bisphospho-D-glyceric acid synthesis
cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate biosynthesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf morphogenesis.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glutathione stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of funalenone.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving funalenone.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-cysteine stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of funalenone.
organic cyclic compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic cyclic compound.
organic cyclic compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound.
organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound.
beta-D-galactofuranose catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-D-galactofuranose.
beta-D-galactofuranose metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-D-galactofuranose.
beta-D-galactofuranose biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-D-galactofuranose.
positive regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process.
activation of phosphatidylglycerol anabolism
activation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis
activation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process
activation of phosphatidylglycerol formation
activation of phosphatidylglycerol synthesis
positive regulation of phosphatidylglycerol anabolism
positive regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis
positive regulation of phosphatidylglycerol formation
positive regulation of phosphatidylglycerol synthesis
upregulation of phosphatidylglycerol anabolism
up regulation of phosphatidylglycerol anabolism
up-regulation of phosphatidylglycerol anabolism
upregulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis
up regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis
up-regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis
upregulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process
up regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process
up-regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process
upregulation of phosphatidylglycerol formation
up regulation of phosphatidylglycerol formation
up-regulation of phosphatidylglycerol formation
upregulation of phosphatidylglycerol synthesis
up regulation of phosphatidylglycerol synthesis
up-regulation of phosphatidylglycerol synthesis
negative regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process.
downregulation of phosphatidylglycerol anabolism
down regulation of phosphatidylglycerol anabolism
down-regulation of phosphatidylglycerol anabolism
downregulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis
down regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis
down-regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis
downregulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process
down regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process
down-regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process
downregulation of phosphatidylglycerol formation
down regulation of phosphatidylglycerol formation
down-regulation of phosphatidylglycerol formation
downregulation of phosphatidylglycerol synthesis
down regulation of phosphatidylglycerol synthesis
down-regulation of phosphatidylglycerol synthesis
inhibition of phosphatidylglycerol anabolism
inhibition of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis
inhibition of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process
inhibition of phosphatidylglycerol formation
inhibition of phosphatidylglycerol synthesis
negative regulation of phosphatidylglycerol anabolism
negative regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis
negative regulation of phosphatidylglycerol formation
negative regulation of phosphatidylglycerol synthesis
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rapamycin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-canavanine stimulus.
The directed movement of a glucosinolate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell wall biogenesis.
activation of cellulose and pectin-containing secondary cell wall biogenesis
activation of plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis
activation of secondary cell wall anabolism
activation of secondary cell wall biogenesis
activation of secondary cell wall biosynthetic process
activation of secondary cell wall formation
activation of secondary cell wall synthesis
positive regulation of cellulose and pectin-containing secondary cell wall biogenesis
positive regulation of plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis
positive regulation of secondary cell wall anabolism
positive regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthetic process
positive regulation of secondary cell wall formation
positive regulation of secondary cell wall synthesis
upregulation of cellulose and pectin-containing secondary cell wall biogenesis
up regulation of cellulose and pectin-containing secondary cell wall biogenesis
up-regulation of cellulose and pectin-containing secondary cell wall biogenesis
upregulation of plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis
up regulation of plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis
up-regulation of plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis
upregulation of secondary cell wall anabolism
up regulation of secondary cell wall anabolism
up-regulation of secondary cell wall anabolism
upregulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis
up regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis
up-regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis
upregulation of secondary cell wall biosynthetic process
up regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthetic process
up-regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthetic process
upregulation of secondary cell wall formation
up regulation of secondary cell wall formation
up-regulation of secondary cell wall formation
upregulation of secondary cell wall synthesis
up regulation of secondary cell wall synthesis
up-regulation of secondary cell wall synthesis
regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process.
regulation of phosphatidylglycerol anabolism
regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis
regulation of phosphatidylglycerol formation
regulation of phosphatidylglycerol synthesis
obsolete cell-cell signaling involved in cell-cell junction organization
OBSOLETE. Any cell-cell signaling that is involved in cell-cell junction organization.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-thialysine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptomycin B stimulus.
negative regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell wall biogenesis.
downregulation of cellulose and pectin-containing secondary cell wall biogenesis
down regulation of cellulose and pectin-containing secondary cell wall biogenesis
down-regulation of cellulose and pectin-containing secondary cell wall biogenesis
downregulation of plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis
down regulation of plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis
down-regulation of plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis
downregulation of secondary cell wall anabolism
down regulation of secondary cell wall anabolism
down-regulation of secondary cell wall anabolism
downregulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis
down regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis
down-regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis
downregulation of secondary cell wall biosynthetic process
down regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthetic process
down-regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthetic process
downregulation of secondary cell wall formation
down regulation of secondary cell wall formation
down-regulation of secondary cell wall formation
downregulation of secondary cell wall synthesis
down regulation of secondary cell wall synthesis
down-regulation of secondary cell wall synthesis
inhibition of cellulose and pectin-containing secondary cell wall biogenesis
inhibition of plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis
inhibition of secondary cell wall anabolism
inhibition of secondary cell wall biogenesis
inhibition of secondary cell wall biosynthetic process
inhibition of secondary cell wall formation
inhibition of secondary cell wall synthesis
negative regulation of cellulose and pectin-containing secondary cell wall biogenesis
negative regulation of plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis
negative regulation of secondary cell wall anabolism
negative regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthetic process
negative regulation of secondary cell wall formation
negative regulation of secondary cell wall synthesis
negative regulation of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye
Any negative regulation of vasculature development that is involved in developing an avascular cornea of a camera-type eye.
downregulation of vascular system development involved in avascular cornea development
down regulation of vascular system development involved in avascular cornea development
down-regulation of vascular system development involved in avascular cornea development
downregulation of vascular system development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye
down regulation of vascular system development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye
down-regulation of vascular system development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye
downregulation of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development
down regulation of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development
down-regulation of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development
downregulation of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye
down regulation of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye
down-regulation of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye
inhibition of vascular system development involved in avascular cornea development
inhibition of vascular system development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye
inhibition of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development
inhibition of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye
negative regulation of vascular system development involved in avascular cornea development
negative regulation of vascular system development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye
negative regulation of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole catabolic process.
downregulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown
down regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown
downregulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process
down regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process
downregulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism
down regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism
downregulation of tetrapyrrole degradation
down regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation
inhibition of tetrapyrrole catabolic process
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation
regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole catabolic process.
obsolete regulation of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain.
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole catabolic process.
activation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole breakdown
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation
upregulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process
up regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process
up regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolism
upregulation of tetrapyrrole degradation
up regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole degradation
regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process.
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta3 activation.
activation of transforming growth factor beta3 activation
positive regulation of TGFbeta 3 activation
positive regulation of TGF-beta 3 activation
upregulation of transforming growth factor beta3 activation
up regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 activation
up-regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 activation
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process.
activation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism
upregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process
up regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process
up regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process.
downregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process
down regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process
downregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism
down regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism
inhibition of tetrapyrrole metabolic process
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta2 activation.
activation of transforming growth factor beta2 activation
positive regulation of TGFbeta 2 activation
positive regulation of TGF-beta 2 activation
upregulation of transforming growth factor beta2 activation
up regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 activation
up-regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 activation
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 activation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta2 activation.
down regulation of TGF-beta 2 activation
down-regulation of TGF-beta 2 activation
downregulation of transforming growth factor beta2 activation
down regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 activation
down-regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 activation
inhibition of transforming growth factor beta2 activation
negative regulation of TGFbeta 2 activation
negative regulation of TGF-beta 2 activation
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 activation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta3 activation.
down regulation of TGF-beta 3 activation
down-regulation of TGF-beta 3 activation
downregulation of transforming growth factor beta3 activation
down regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 activation
down-regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 activation
inhibition of transforming growth factor beta3 activation
negative regulation of TGFbeta 3 activation
negative regulation of TGF-beta 3 activation
regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta3 activation.
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 activation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta1 activation.
downregulation of latent-TGF-beta1 activation
down regulation of latent-TGF-beta1 activation
down-regulation of latent-TGF-beta1 activation
downregulation of L-TGF-beta 1 activation
down regulation of L-TGF-beta 1 activation
down-regulation of L-TGF-beta 1 activation
down regulation of TGF-beta 1 activation
down-regulation of TGF-beta 1 activation
downregulation of transforming growth factor beta1 activation
downregulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 activation
down regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 activation
down regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 activation
down-regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 activation
down-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 activation
inhibition of latent-TGF-beta1 activation
inhibition of transforming growth factor beta1 activation
inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta1 activation
negative regulation of latent-TGF-beta1 activation
negative regulation of L-TGF-beta 1 activation
negative regulation of TGFbeta 1 activation
negative regulation of TGF-beta 1 activation
negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 activation
regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta1 activation.
regulation of latent-TGF-beta1 activation
regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 activation
regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta2 activation.
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta1 activation.
activation of latent-TGF-beta1 activation
activation of transforming growth factor beta1 activation
activation of transforming growth factor-beta1 activation
positive regulation of latent-TGF-beta1 activation
positive regulation of L-TGF-beta 1 activation
positive regulation of TGFbeta 1 activation
positive regulation of TGF-beta 1 activation
positive regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 activation
upregulation of latent-TGF-beta1 activation
up regulation of latent-TGF-beta1 activation
up-regulation of latent-TGF-beta1 activation
up regulation of L-TGF-beta 1 activation
up-regulation of L-TGF-beta 1 activation
upregulation of transforming growth factor beta1 activation
upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 activation
up regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 activation
up regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 activation
up-regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 activation
up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 activation
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta activation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta activation.
downregulation of latent TGF-beta activation
down regulation of latent TGF-beta activation
down-regulation of latent TGF-beta activation
down regulation of L-TGF-beta activation
down-regulation of L-TGF-beta activation
downregulation of transforming growth factor beta activation
down regulation of transforming growth factor beta activation
down-regulation of transforming growth factor beta activation
inhibition of latent TGF-beta activation
inhibition of transforming growth factor beta activation
negative regulation of latent TGF-beta activation
negative regulation of L-TGF-beta activation
negative regulation of TGFbeta activation
negative regulation of TGF-beta activation
regulation of transforming growth factor beta activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta activation.
regulation of latent TGF-beta activation
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta activation.
activation of latent TGF-beta activation
activation of transforming growth factor beta activation
positive regulation of latent TGF-beta activation
positive regulation of L-TGF-beta activation
positive regulation of TGFbeta activation
positive regulation of TGF-beta activation
upregulation of latent TGF-beta activation
up regulation of latent TGF-beta activation
up-regulation of latent TGF-beta activation
upregulation of transforming growth factor beta activation
up regulation of transforming growth factor beta activation
up-regulation of transforming growth factor beta activation
regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
regulation of depolarization-activated calcium channel
regulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel
regulation of depolarization-activated voltage gated calcium channel activity
regulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
regulation of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel activity
regulation of voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
regulation of voltage gated calcium channel activity
regulation of voltage-gated calcium ion channel activity
regulation of voltage-sensitive calcium channel
positive regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation.
activation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation
upregulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation
up regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation
up-regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation
positive regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
activation of depolarization-activated calcium channel
activation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel
activation of depolarization-activated voltage gated calcium channel activity
activation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
activation of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel activity
activation of voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
activation of voltage gated calcium channel activity
activation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity
activation of voltage-gated calcium ion channel activity
activation of voltage-sensitive calcium channel
positive regulation of depolarization-activated calcium channel
positive regulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel
positive regulation of depolarization-activated voltage gated calcium channel activity
positive regulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
positive regulation of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel activity
positive regulation of voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
positive regulation of voltage gated calcium channel activity
positive regulation of voltage-gated calcium ion channel activity
positive regulation of voltage-sensitive calcium channel
upregulation of depolarization-activated calcium channel
up regulation of depolarization-activated calcium channel
up-regulation of depolarization-activated calcium channel
upregulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel
up regulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel
up-regulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel
upregulation of depolarization-activated voltage gated calcium channel activity
upregulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
up regulation of depolarization-activated voltage gated calcium channel activity
up regulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
up-regulation of depolarization-activated voltage gated calcium channel activity
up-regulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
upregulation of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel activity
up regulation of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel activity
up-regulation of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel activity
upregulation of voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
up regulation of voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
up-regulation of voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
upregulation of voltage gated calcium channel activity
upregulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity
up regulation of voltage gated calcium channel activity
up regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity
up-regulation of voltage gated calcium channel activity
up-regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity
upregulation of voltage-gated calcium ion channel activity
up regulation of voltage-gated calcium ion channel activity
up-regulation of voltage-gated calcium ion channel activity
upregulation of voltage-sensitive calcium channel
up regulation of voltage-sensitive calcium channel
up-regulation of voltage-sensitive calcium channel
negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
downregulation of depolarization-activated calcium channel
down regulation of depolarization-activated calcium channel
down-regulation of depolarization-activated calcium channel
downregulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel
down regulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel
down-regulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel
downregulation of depolarization-activated voltage gated calcium channel activity
downregulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
down regulation of depolarization-activated voltage gated calcium channel activity
down regulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
down-regulation of depolarization-activated voltage gated calcium channel activity
down-regulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
downregulation of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel activity
down regulation of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel activity
down-regulation of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel activity
downregulation of voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
down regulation of voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
down-regulation of voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
downregulation of voltage gated calcium channel activity
downregulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity
down regulation of voltage gated calcium channel activity
down regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity
down-regulation of voltage gated calcium channel activity
down-regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity
downregulation of voltage-gated calcium ion channel activity
down regulation of voltage-gated calcium ion channel activity
down-regulation of voltage-gated calcium ion channel activity
downregulation of voltage-sensitive calcium channel
down regulation of voltage-sensitive calcium channel
down-regulation of voltage-sensitive calcium channel
inhibition of depolarization-activated calcium channel
inhibition of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel
inhibition of depolarization-activated voltage gated calcium channel activity
inhibition of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
inhibition of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel activity
inhibition of voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
inhibition of voltage gated calcium channel activity
inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channel activity
inhibition of voltage-gated calcium ion channel activity
inhibition of voltage-sensitive calcium channel
negative regulation of depolarization-activated calcium channel
negative regulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel
negative regulation of depolarization-activated voltage gated calcium channel activity
negative regulation of depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
negative regulation of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel activity
negative regulation of voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
negative regulation of voltage gated calcium channel activity
negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium ion channel activity
negative regulation of voltage-sensitive calcium channel
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.
activation of potassium ion transmembrane transport
positive regulation of potassium ion membrane transport
upregulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport
up regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport
up-regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport
negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.
downregulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport
down regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport
down-regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport
inhibition of potassium ion transmembrane transport
negative regulation of potassium ion membrane transport
negative regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation.
downregulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation
down regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation
down-regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation
inhibition of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation
regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation.
organic heteropentacyclic compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic heteropentacyclic compound.
organic heteropentacyclic compound breakdown
organic heteropentacyclic compound catabolism
organic heteropentacyclic compound degradation
organic heteropentacyclic compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic heteropentacyclic compound.
organic heteropentacyclic compound metabolism
regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.
regulation of potassium ion membrane transport
organic heteropentacyclic compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic heteropentacyclic compound.
organic heteropentacyclic compound anabolism
organic heteropentacyclic compound biosynthesis
organic heteropentacyclic compound formation
organic heteropentacyclic compound synthesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toluene metabolic process.
regulation of methylbenzene metabolic process
positive regulation of toluene catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toluene catabolic process.
positive regulation of toluene breakdown
positive regulation of toluene catabolism
positive regulation of toluene degradation
upregulation of toluene catabolic process
up regulation of toluene catabolic process
up-regulation of toluene catabolic process
positive regulation of toluene metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toluene metabolic process.
activation of methylbenzene metabolic process
positive regulation of methylbenzene metabolic process
positive regulation of methylbenzene metabolism
positive regulation of toluene metabolism
upregulation of methylbenzene metabolic process
up regulation of methylbenzene metabolic process
up-regulation of methylbenzene metabolic process
upregulation of methylbenzene metabolism
up regulation of methylbenzene metabolism
up-regulation of methylbenzene metabolism
upregulation of toluene metabolic process
up regulation of toluene metabolic process
up-regulation of toluene metabolic process
negative regulation of toluene metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toluene metabolic process.
downregulation of methylbenzene metabolic process
down regulation of methylbenzene metabolic process
down-regulation of methylbenzene metabolic process
downregulation of methylbenzene metabolism
down regulation of methylbenzene metabolism
down-regulation of methylbenzene metabolism
downregulation of toluene metabolic process
down regulation of toluene metabolic process
down-regulation of toluene metabolic process
inhibition of methylbenzene metabolic process
negative regulation of methylbenzene metabolic process
negative regulation of methylbenzene metabolism
negative regulation of toluene metabolism
positive regulation of response to cycloalkane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to cycloalkane.
up regulation of response to cycloalkane
up-regulation of response to cycloalkane
negative regulation of response to cycloalkane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to cycloalkane.
downregulation of response to cycloalkane
down regulation of response to cycloalkane
down-regulation of response to cycloalkane
negative regulation of toluene catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toluene catabolic process.
downregulation of toluene catabolic process
down regulation of toluene catabolic process
down-regulation of toluene catabolic process
negative regulation of toluene breakdown
negative regulation of toluene catabolism
negative regulation of toluene degradation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toluene catabolic process.
negative regulation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of S-lignin biosynthetic process
down regulation of S-lignin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of S-lignin biosynthetic process
downregulation of syringal lignin anabolism
down regulation of syringal lignin anabolism
down-regulation of syringal lignin anabolism
downregulation of syringal lignin biosynthesis
down regulation of syringal lignin biosynthesis
down-regulation of syringal lignin biosynthesis
downregulation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process
down regulation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process
downregulation of syringal lignin formation
down regulation of syringal lignin formation
down-regulation of syringal lignin formation
downregulation of syringal lignin synthesis
down regulation of syringal lignin synthesis
down-regulation of syringal lignin synthesis
inhibition of S-lignin biosynthetic process
inhibition of syringal lignin biosynthesis
inhibition of syringal lignin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of S-lignin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of syringal lignin anabolism
negative regulation of syringal lignin biosynthesis
negative regulation of syringal lignin formation
negative regulation of syringal lignin synthesis
regulation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin biosynthetic process.
regulation of S-lignin biosynthetic process
regulation of syringal lignin biosynthesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to cycloalkane.
positive regulation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin biosynthetic process.
activation of S-lignin biosynthetic process
activation of syringal lignin biosynthesis
activation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of S-lignin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of syringal lignin anabolism
positive regulation of syringal lignin biosynthesis
positive regulation of syringal lignin formation
positive regulation of syringal lignin synthesis
upregulation of S-lignin biosynthetic process
up regulation of S-lignin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of S-lignin biosynthetic process
upregulation of syringal lignin anabolism
up regulation of syringal lignin anabolism
up-regulation of syringal lignin anabolism
upregulation of syringal lignin biosynthesis
up regulation of syringal lignin biosynthesis
up-regulation of syringal lignin biosynthesis
upregulation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process
up regulation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process
upregulation of syringal lignin formation
up regulation of syringal lignin formation
up-regulation of syringal lignin formation
upregulation of syringal lignin synthesis
up regulation of syringal lignin synthesis
up-regulation of syringal lignin synthesis
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a formic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toluene stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a propan-1-ol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a furfural stimulus.
positive regulation of response to alcohol
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol.
negative regulation of response to alcohol
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzene stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a butan-1-ol stimulus.
process resulting in tolerance to butan-1-ol
negative regulation of response to ethanol
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol.
positive regulation of response to ethanol
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.
regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA.
regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glycine and succinyl-CoA
regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
regulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glycine and succinyl-CoA
regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate.
activation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glutamate
activation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glutamate
activation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate
activation of tetrapyrrole formation from glutamate
activation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glutamate
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glutamate
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glutamate
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glutamate
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glutamate
upregulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glutamate
up regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glutamate
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glutamate
upregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glutamate
up regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glutamate
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glutamate
upregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate
up regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate
upregulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glutamate
up regulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glutamate
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glutamate
upregulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glutamate
up regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glutamate
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glutamate
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA.
activation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glycine and succinyl-CoA
activation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
activation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA
activation of tetrapyrrole formation from glycine and succinyl-CoA
activation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glycine and succinyl-CoA
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glycine and succinyl-CoA
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
upregulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glycine and succinyl-CoA
up regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glycine and succinyl-CoA
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glycine and succinyl-CoA
upregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
up regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
upregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA
up regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA
upregulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glycine and succinyl-CoA
up regulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glycine and succinyl-CoA
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glycine and succinyl-CoA
upregulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
up regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA.
downregulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glycine and succinyl-CoA
down regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glycine and succinyl-CoA
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glycine and succinyl-CoA
downregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
down regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
downregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA
down regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA
downregulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glycine and succinyl-CoA
down regulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glycine and succinyl-CoA
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glycine and succinyl-CoA
downregulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
down regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
inhibition of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glycine and succinyl-CoA
inhibition of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
inhibition of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA
inhibition of tetrapyrrole formation from glycine and succinyl-CoA
inhibition of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glycine and succinyl-CoA
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glycine and succinyl-CoA
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
obsolete positive regulation of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain.
obsolete negative regulation of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain.
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate.
downregulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glutamate
down regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glutamate
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glutamate
downregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glutamate
down regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glutamate
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glutamate
downregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate
down regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate
downregulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glutamate
down regulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glutamate
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glutamate
downregulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glutamate
down regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glutamate
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glutamate
inhibition of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glutamate
inhibition of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glutamate
inhibition of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate
inhibition of tetrapyrrole formation from glutamate
inhibition of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glutamate
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glutamate
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glutamate
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glutamate
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glutamate
regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate.
regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism from glutamate
regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glutamate
regulation of tetrapyrrole formation from glutamate
regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis from glutamate
regulation of syringal lignin catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin catabolic process.
regulation of S-lignin catabolic process
regulation of syringal lignin catabolism
regulation of syringal lignin degradation
positive regulation of ferulate catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferulate catabolic process.
activation of ferulate catabolic process
positive regulation of ferulate breakdown
positive regulation of ferulate catabolism
positive regulation of ferulate degradation
upregulation of ferulate catabolic process
up regulation of ferulate catabolic process
up-regulation of ferulate catabolic process
positive regulation of syringal lignin catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin catabolic process.
activation of S-lignin catabolic process
activation of syringal lignin catabolic process
activation of syringal lignin catabolism
activation of syringal lignin degradation
positive regulation of S-lignin catabolic process
positive regulation of syringal lignin breakdown
positive regulation of syringal lignin catabolism
positive regulation of syringal lignin degradation
upregulation of S-lignin catabolic process
up regulation of S-lignin catabolic process
up-regulation of S-lignin catabolic process
upregulation of syringal lignin breakdown
up regulation of syringal lignin breakdown
up-regulation of syringal lignin breakdown
upregulation of syringal lignin catabolic process
up regulation of syringal lignin catabolic process
up-regulation of syringal lignin catabolic process
upregulation of syringal lignin catabolism
up regulation of syringal lignin catabolism
up-regulation of syringal lignin catabolism
upregulation of syringal lignin degradation
up regulation of syringal lignin degradation
up-regulation of syringal lignin degradation
negative regulation of syringal lignin catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin catabolic process.
downregulation of S-lignin catabolic process
down regulation of S-lignin catabolic process
down-regulation of S-lignin catabolic process
downregulation of syringal lignin breakdown
down regulation of syringal lignin breakdown
down-regulation of syringal lignin breakdown
downregulation of syringal lignin catabolic process
down regulation of syringal lignin catabolic process
down-regulation of syringal lignin catabolic process
downregulation of syringal lignin catabolism
down regulation of syringal lignin catabolism
down-regulation of syringal lignin catabolism
downregulation of syringal lignin degradation
down regulation of syringal lignin degradation
down-regulation of syringal lignin degradation
inhibition of S-lignin catabolic process
inhibition of syringal lignin catabolic process
inhibition of syringal lignin catabolism
inhibition of syringal lignin degradation
negative regulation of S-lignin catabolic process
negative regulation of syringal lignin breakdown
negative regulation of syringal lignin catabolism
negative regulation of syringal lignin degradation
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process.
activation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole formation
positive regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis
upregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis
up regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis
upregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process
up regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process
up-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process.
downregulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism
down regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism
downregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis
down regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis
downregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process
down regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process
downregulation of tetrapyrrole formation
down regulation of tetrapyrrole formation
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole formation
downregulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis
down regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis
down-regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis
inhibition of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole anabolism
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole formation
negative regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis
negative regulation of ferulate catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ferulate catabolic process.
downregulation of ferulate catabolic process
down regulation of ferulate catabolic process
down-regulation of ferulate catabolic process
inhibition of ferulate catabolic process
negative regulation of ferulate breakdown
negative regulation of ferulate catabolism
negative regulation of ferulate degradation
regulation of ferulate catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferulate catabolic process.
negative regulation of response to formic acid
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to formic acid.
downregulation of response to formic acid
down regulation of response to formic acid
down-regulation of response to formic acid
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to formic acid.
regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of response to formic acid
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to formic acid.
up regulation of response to formic acid
up-regulation of response to formic acid
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate.
positive regulation of response to toluene
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to toluene.
positive regulation of response to acetate
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate.
negative regulation of response to acetate
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate.
positive regulation of response to benzene
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to benzene.
negative regulation of response to benzene
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to benzene.
negative regulation of response to toluene
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to toluene.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to toluene.
negative regulation of response to butan-1-ol
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to butan-1-ol.
downregulation of response to butan-1-ol
down regulation of response to butan-1-ol
down-regulation of response to butan-1-ol
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to butan-1-ol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to benzene.
positive regulation of response to butan-1-ol
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to butan-1-ol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.
positive regulation of response to furfural
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to furfural.
positive regulation of response to propan-1-ol
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.
up regulation of response to propan-1-ol
up-regulation of response to propan-1-ol
negative regulation of response to propan-1-ol
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.
downregulation of response to propan-1-ol
down regulation of response to propan-1-ol
down-regulation of response to propan-1-ol
poly(hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(hydroxyalkanoate).
poly(hydroxyalkanoate) metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(hydroxyalkanoate).
negative regulation of response to furfural
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to furfural.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to furfural.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xylene stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a p-xylene stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ether.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ether.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenyl ether stimulus.
positive regulation of cysteine metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine metabolic process.
activation of cysteine metabolic process
positive regulation of cysteine metabolism
upregulation of cysteine metabolic process
up regulation of cysteine metabolic process
up-regulation of cysteine metabolic process
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexane stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetralin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a decalin stimulus.
positive regulation of lymphangiogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.
positive regulation of lymph vessel formation
negative regulation of cysteine metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine metabolic process.
downregulation of cysteine metabolic process
down regulation of cysteine metabolic process
down-regulation of cysteine metabolic process
inhibition of cysteine metabolic process
negative regulation of cysteine metabolism
regulation of cysteine metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine metabolic process.
obsolete positive regulation of SREBP signaling pathway by negative regulation of transcription factor catabolic process in response to decreased oxygen levels
OBSOLETE. Negative regulation of transcription factor catabolism in response to decreased oxygen levels, which results in positive regulation of the SREBP signaling pathway.
obsolete positive regulation of SREBP signaling pathway by negative regulation of transcription factor catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Negative regulation of transcription factor catabolism that results in positive regulation of the SREBP signaling pathway.
negative regulation of lymphangiogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.
downregulation of lymph vessel formation
down regulation of lymph vessel formation
down-regulation of lymph vessel formation
negative regulation of lymph vessel formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.
positive regulation of transcription factor catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription factor catabolic process.
activation of proteasome-mediated transcription factor catabolism
activation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor catabolic process
activation of transcription factor breakdown
activation of transcription factor catabolic process
activation of transcription factor catabolism
activation of transcription factor degradation
positive regulation of proteasome-mediated transcription factor catabolism
positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor catabolic process
positive regulation of transcription factor breakdown
positive regulation of transcription factor catabolism
positive regulation of transcription factor degradation
upregulation of proteasome-mediated transcription factor catabolism
up regulation of proteasome-mediated transcription factor catabolism
up-regulation of proteasome-mediated transcription factor catabolism
upregulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor catabolic process
up regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor catabolic process
up-regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor catabolic process
upregulation of transcription factor breakdown
up regulation of transcription factor breakdown
up-regulation of transcription factor breakdown
upregulation of transcription factor catabolic process
up regulation of transcription factor catabolic process
up-regulation of transcription factor catabolic process
upregulation of transcription factor catabolism
up regulation of transcription factor catabolism
up-regulation of transcription factor catabolism
upregulation of transcription factor degradation
up regulation of transcription factor degradation
up-regulation of transcription factor degradation
negative regulation of transcription factor catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription factor catabolic process.
downregulation of proteasome-mediated transcription factor catabolism
down regulation of proteasome-mediated transcription factor catabolism
down-regulation of proteasome-mediated transcription factor catabolism
downregulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor catabolic process
down regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor catabolic process
down-regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor catabolic process
downregulation of transcription factor breakdown
down regulation of transcription factor breakdown
down-regulation of transcription factor breakdown
downregulation of transcription factor catabolic process
down regulation of transcription factor catabolic process
down-regulation of transcription factor catabolic process
downregulation of transcription factor catabolism
down regulation of transcription factor catabolism
down-regulation of transcription factor catabolism
downregulation of transcription factor degradation
down regulation of transcription factor degradation
down-regulation of transcription factor degradation
inhibition of proteasome-mediated transcription factor catabolism
inhibition of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor catabolic process
inhibition of transcription factor breakdown
inhibition of transcription factor catabolic process
inhibition of transcription factor catabolism
inhibition of transcription factor degradation
negative regulation of proteasome-mediated transcription factor catabolism
negative regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor catabolic process
negative regulation of transcription factor breakdown
negative regulation of transcription factor catabolism
negative regulation of transcription factor degradation
obsolete negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway by positive regulation of transcription factor catabolic process in response to increased oxygen levels
OBSOLETE. Positive regulation of transcription factor catabolism in response to increased oxygen levels, which results in negative regulation of the SREBP signaling pathway.
obsolete negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway by positive regulation of transcription factor catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Positive regulation of transcription factor catabolism that results in negative regulation of the SREBP signaling pathway.
L-glutamate import involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation
Any L-glutamate import that is involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation.
L-glutamate uptake involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation
oleate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of oleate from one side of a membrane to the other.
regulation of transcription factor catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription factor catabolic process.
regulation of proteasome-mediated transcription factor catabolism
regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor catabolic process
regulation of transcription factor breakdown
regulation of transcription factor catabolism
regulation of transcription factor degradation
L-lysine import into vacuole involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation
A L-lysine import into the vacuole that is involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation.
obsolete benomyl transmembrane transport
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of benomyl across a membrane.
obsolete benomyl transmembrane transporter activity
OBSOLETE. Enables the transfer of benomyl from one side of a membrane to the other.
aminotriazole transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of amitrole from one side of a membrane to the other.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi calcium ion export.
The directed movement of pyruvate across a membrane.
azole transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of azoles, heterocyclic compound found in many biologically important substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.
negative regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.
downregulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
down regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
down-regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
downregulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
down regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
down-regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
downregulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
down regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
down-regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
downregulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
down regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
down-regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
inhibition of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
inhibition of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
inhibition of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
negative regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
negative regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
negative regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.
regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA demethylation.
positive regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.
activation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
activation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
activation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
activation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
positive regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
positive regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
positive regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
upregulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
up regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
up-regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
upregulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
up regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
up-regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
upregulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
up regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
up-regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
upregulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
up regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
up-regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
positive regulation of anion channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.
hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway involved in stomatal movement
Any hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway that is involved in stomatal movement.
H2O2 mediated signaling pathway involved in stomatal movement
hydrogen peroxide mediated signalling pathway involved in stomatal movement
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hypochlorite stimulus.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macromitophagy.
abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway involved in stomatal movement
Any abscisic acid mediated signaling pathway that is involved in stomatal movement.
abscisic acid mediated signaling pathway involved in stomatal movement
abscisic acid mediated signalling involved in stomatal movement
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspyridone B.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspyridone B.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of icosanoid.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus
Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus.
activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus
positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus
positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus
stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus
stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus
upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus
up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus
up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus
up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspyridone A.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspyridone A.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspyridone B.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspyridone A.
lipo-chitin oligosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of lipo-chitin oligosaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other.
(-)-microperfuranone biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-microperfuranone.
poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other.
ATPase-coupled lipo-chitin oligosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + lipo-chitin oligosaccharide(in) = ADP + phosphate + lipo-chitin oligosaccharide(out).
lipo-chitin oligosaccharide transmembrane-transporting ATPase activity
regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis.
positive regulation of acylglycerol transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acylglycerol transport.
positive regulation of glyceride transport
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-microperfuranone.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-microperfuranone.
carbohydrate derivative transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of carbohydrate derivative from one side of a membrane to the other.
carbohydrate derivative transporter activity
The directed movement of a triazole into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of acylglycerol transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acylglycerol transport.
downregulation of acylglycerol transport
down regulation of acylglycerol transport
down-regulation of acylglycerol transport
negative regulation of glyceride transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acylglycerol transport.
organonitrogen compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organonitrogen compound.
organonitrogen compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound.
organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benomyl stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purvalanol A stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a camptothecin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paraquat stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fenofibrate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a candesartan stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ribavirin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metformin stimulus.
The directed movement of malonic acid across a membrane.
positive regulation of endothelial cell development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development.
activation of endothelial cell development
upregulation of endothelial cell development
up regulation of endothelial cell development
up-regulation of endothelial cell development
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paclitaxel stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paracetamol stimulus.
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.
activation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification
activation of synaptic vesicle lumen pH reduction
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen pH reduction
upregulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification
up regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification
up-regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification
upregulation of synaptic vesicle lumen pH reduction
up regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen pH reduction
up-regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen pH reduction
negative regulation of endothelial cell development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development.
downregulation of endothelial cell development
down regulation of endothelial cell development
down-regulation of endothelial cell development
inhibition of endothelial cell development
regulation of endothelial cell development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a raffinose stimulus.
positive regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process.
activation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene anabolism
activation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthesis
activation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process
activation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene formation
activation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene synthesis
positive regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene anabolism
positive regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthesis
positive regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene formation
positive regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene synthesis
upregulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene anabolism
up regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene anabolism
up-regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene anabolism
upregulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthesis
up regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthesis
up-regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthesis
upregulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process
up regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process
up-regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process
upregulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene formation
up regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene formation
up-regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene formation
upregulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene synthesis
up regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene synthesis
up-regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene synthesis
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.
downregulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification
down regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification
down-regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification
downregulation of synaptic vesicle lumen pH reduction
down regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen pH reduction
down-regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen pH reduction
inhibition of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification
inhibition of synaptic vesicle lumen pH reduction
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen pH reduction
regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.
regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen pH reduction
regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen proton loading
ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene.
ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene.
negative regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process.
downregulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene anabolism
down regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene anabolism
down-regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene anabolism
downregulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthesis
down regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthesis
down-regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthesis
downregulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process
down regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process
down-regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process
downregulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene formation
down regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene formation
down-regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene formation
downregulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene synthesis
down regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene synthesis
down-regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene synthesis
inhibition of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene anabolism
inhibition of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthesis
inhibition of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process
inhibition of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene formation
inhibition of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene synthesis
negative regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene anabolism
negative regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthesis
negative regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene formation
negative regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene synthesis
regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process.
regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene anabolism
regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthesis
regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene formation
regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene synthesis
positive regulation of DNA demethylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA demethylation.
negative regulation of DNA demethylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA demethylation.
ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene.
changes to DNA methylation involved in embryo development
The addition or removal of methyl groups to DNA that contributes to the epigenetic regulation of embryonic gene expression.
changes in DNA methylation involved in embryo development
changes in DNA methylation involved in embryogenesis
changes in DNA methylation involved in embryonal development
DNA methylation or demethylation involved in embryogenesis
DNA methylation or demethylation involved in embryonal development
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbendazim stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reversine stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-pinoresinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-pinoresinol.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a GW 7647 stimulus.
negative regulation of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication.
downregulation of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication
down regulation of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication
down-regulation of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication
inhibition of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hesperadin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a capsazepine stimulus.
An arrangement of closely apposed microtubules running parallel to each other in the axon hillock and initial segment.
Any microtubule in a dendrite, a neuron projection.
regulation of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication.
regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acid-sensing ion channel activity.
tetrapeptide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of tetrapeptide from one side of a membrane to the other.
positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acid-sensing ion channel activity.
activation of acid-sensing ion channel activity
upregulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity
up regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity
up-regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity
negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acid-sensing ion channel activity.
downregulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity
down regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity
down-regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity
inhibition of acid-sensing ion channel activity
negative regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter.
downregulation of telomeric RNA transcription from Pol II promoter
down regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from Pol II promoter
down-regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from Pol II promoter
downregulation of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter
down regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter
down-regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter
inhibition of telomeric RNA transcription from Pol II promoter
inhibition of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter
negative regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from Pol II promoter
regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter.
regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from Pol II promoter
tetrapeptide import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of a tetrapeptide from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
positive regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter.
activation of telomeric RNA transcription from Pol II promoter
activation of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter
positive regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from Pol II promoter
upregulation of telomeric RNA transcription from Pol II promoter
up regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from Pol II promoter
up-regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from Pol II promoter
upregulation of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter
up regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter
up-regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter
regulation of alkane biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alkane biosynthetic process.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon.
organic molecular entity biosynthetic process
positive regulation of alkane biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alkane biosynthetic process.
activation of alkane biosynthetic process
positive regulation of alkane biosynthesis
upregulation of alkane biosynthetic process
up regulation of alkane biosynthetic process
up-regulation of alkane biosynthetic process
negative regulation of alkane biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alkane biosynthetic process.
downregulation of alkane biosynthetic process
down regulation of alkane biosynthetic process
down-regulation of alkane biosynthetic process
inhibition of alkane biosynthetic process
negative regulation of alkane biosynthesis
obsolete chemical substance catabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chemical substance.
obsolete chemical substance metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving chemical substance.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon.
organic molecular entity catabolic process
obsolete chemical substance biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemical substance.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty acid derivative.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acid derivative.
The directed movement of a fatty acid derivative into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
fatty acid derivative biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acid derivative.
regulation of presynaptic membrane organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic membrane organization.
regulation of presynaptic membrane organisation
regulation of pre-synaptic membrane organization
positive regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic membrane organization.
activation of postsynaptic membrane organisation
activation of postsynaptic membrane organization
positive regulation of postsynaptic membrane organisation
positive regulation of post-synaptic membrane organization
upregulation of postsynaptic membrane organisation
up regulation of postsynaptic membrane organisation
up-regulation of postsynaptic membrane organisation
upregulation of postsynaptic membrane organization
up regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization
up-regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization
positive regulation of presynaptic membrane organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic membrane organization.
activation of presynaptic membrane organisation
activation of presynaptic membrane organization
positive regulation of presynaptic membrane organisation
positive regulation of pre-synaptic membrane organization
upregulation of presynaptic membrane organisation
up regulation of presynaptic membrane organisation
up-regulation of presynaptic membrane organisation
upregulation of presynaptic membrane organization
up regulation of presynaptic membrane organization
up-regulation of presynaptic membrane organization
negative regulation of presynaptic membrane organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic membrane organization.
downregulation of presynaptic membrane organisation
down regulation of presynaptic membrane organisation
down-regulation of presynaptic membrane organisation
downregulation of presynaptic membrane organization
down regulation of presynaptic membrane organization
down-regulation of presynaptic membrane organization
inhibition of presynaptic membrane organisation
inhibition of presynaptic membrane organization
negative regulation of presynaptic membrane organisation
negative regulation of pre-synaptic membrane organization
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ergosterol stimulus.
negative regulation of lymphocyte chemotaxis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte chemotaxis.
down regulation of lymphocyte chemotaxis
down-regulation of lymphocyte chemotaxis
negative regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic membrane organization.
downregulation of postsynaptic membrane organisation
down regulation of postsynaptic membrane organisation
down-regulation of postsynaptic membrane organisation
downregulation of postsynaptic membrane organization
down regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization
down-regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization
inhibition of postsynaptic membrane organisation
inhibition of postsynaptic membrane organization
negative regulation of postsynaptic membrane organisation
negative regulation of post-synaptic membrane organization
regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic membrane organization.
regulation of postsynaptic membrane organisation
regulation of post-synaptic membrane organization
negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.
downregulation of hedgehog signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
down regulation of hedgehog signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
down-regulation of hedgehog signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
downregulation of hh signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
down regulation of hh signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
down-regulation of hh signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
downregulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
down regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
down-regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
downregulation of smoothened signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
down regulation of smoothened signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
down-regulation of smoothened signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
inhibition of hedgehog signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
inhibition of hh signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
inhibition of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
inhibition of smoothened signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
negative regulation of hedgehog signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
negative regulation of hh signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
negative regulation of smoothened signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.
regulation of hedgehog signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
regulation of hh signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
regulation of smoothened signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte chemotaxis.
positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.
activation of hedgehog signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
activation of hh signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
activation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
activation of smoothened signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
positive regulation of hedgehog signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
positive regulation of hh signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
positive regulation of smoothened signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
upregulation of hedgehog signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
up regulation of hedgehog signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
up-regulation of hedgehog signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
upregulation of hh signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
up regulation of hh signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
up-regulation of hh signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
upregulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
up regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
up-regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
upregulation of smoothened signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
up regulation of smoothened signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
up-regulation of smoothened signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound.
organic hydroxy compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic hydroxy compound.
obsolete tRNA methylation in response to nitrogen starvation
OBSOLETE. The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a tRNA molecule as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.
organic hydroxy compound transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of organic hydroxy compound from one side of a membrane to the other.
negative regulation of terminal button organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of terminal button organization.
downregulation of presynaptic bouton organization
down regulation of presynaptic bouton organization
down-regulation of presynaptic bouton organization
downregulation of synaptic bouton organization
down regulation of synaptic bouton organization
down-regulation of synaptic bouton organization
downregulation of terminal bouton organization
down regulation of terminal bouton organization
down-regulation of terminal bouton organization
downregulation of terminal button organisation
down regulation of terminal button organisation
down-regulation of terminal button organisation
downregulation of terminal button organization
down regulation of terminal button organization
down-regulation of terminal button organization
inhibition of presynaptic bouton organization
inhibition of synaptic bouton organization
inhibition of terminal bouton organization
inhibition of terminal button organisation
inhibition of terminal button organization
negative regulation of bouton organization
negative regulation of presynaptic bouton organization
negative regulation of synaptic bouton organization
negative regulation of terminal bouton organization
negative regulation of terminal button organisation
organic hydroxy compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound.
positive regulation of terminal button organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of terminal button organization.
activation of presynaptic bouton organization
activation of synaptic bouton organization
activation of terminal bouton organization
activation of terminal button organisation
activation of terminal button organization
positive regulation of bouton organization
positive regulation of presynaptic bouton organization
positive regulation of synaptic bouton organization
positive regulation of terminal bouton organization
positive regulation of terminal button organisation
upregulation of presynaptic bouton organization
up regulation of presynaptic bouton organization
up-regulation of presynaptic bouton organization
upregulation of synaptic bouton organization
up regulation of synaptic bouton organization
up-regulation of synaptic bouton organization
upregulation of terminal bouton organization
up regulation of terminal bouton organization
up-regulation of terminal bouton organization
upregulation of terminal button organisation
up regulation of terminal button organisation
up-regulation of terminal button organisation
upregulation of terminal button organization
up regulation of terminal button organization
up-regulation of terminal button organization
negative regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule.
downregulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization
down regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization
down-regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization
downregulation of vesicle transport along microtubule
down regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule
down-regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule
inhibition of microtubule-based vesicle localization
inhibition of vesicle transport along microtubule
negative regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization
regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule.
regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization
positive regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule.
activation of microtubule-based vesicle localization
activation of vesicle transport along microtubule
positive regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization
upregulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization
up regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization
up-regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization
upregulation of vesicle transport along microtubule
up regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule
up-regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alpha-amino acid.
dethiobiotin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of dethiobiotin from one side of a membrane to the other.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alpha-amino acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alpha-amino acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of strigolactone.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving strigolactone.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinone.
The directed movement of calcium ion out of a cell or organelle.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinone.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosyl compound.
The directed movement of a glycoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosyl compound.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosyl compound.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ketone stimulus.
A response that results in a state of tolerance to ketone.
process resulting in tolerance to ketone
negative regulation of actomyosin contractile ring localization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actomyosin contractile ring localization.
downregulation of actomyosin contractile ring localization
down regulation of actomyosin contractile ring localization
down-regulation of actomyosin contractile ring localization
downregulation of contractile ring localisation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
down regulation of contractile ring localisation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
down-regulation of contractile ring localisation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
downregulation of contractile ring localization involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
down regulation of contractile ring localization involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
down-regulation of contractile ring localization involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
inhibition of actomyosin contractile ring localization
inhibition of contractile ring localisation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
inhibition of contractile ring localization involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
negative regulation of contractile ring localisation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
negative regulation of contractile ring localization involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
regulation of actomyosin contractile ring localization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actomyosin contractile ring localization.
regulation of contractile ring localisation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
regulation of contractile ring localization involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
obsolete regulation of mitotic chromosome decondensation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome decondensation.
positive regulation of actomyosin contractile ring localization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actomyosin contractile ring localization.
activation of actomyosin contractile ring localization
activation of contractile ring localisation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
activation of contractile ring localization involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
positive regulation of contractile ring localisation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
positive regulation of contractile ring localization involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
upregulation of actomyosin contractile ring localization
up regulation of actomyosin contractile ring localization
up-regulation of actomyosin contractile ring localization
upregulation of contractile ring localisation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
up regulation of contractile ring localisation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
up-regulation of contractile ring localisation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
upregulation of contractile ring localization involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
up regulation of contractile ring localization involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
up-regulation of contractile ring localization involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synoviocyte proliferation.
obsolete positive regulation of tRNA methylation in response to nitrogen starvation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA methylation in response to nitrogen starvation.
positive regulation of synoviocyte proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synoviocyte proliferation.
upregulation of synoviocyte proliferation
up regulation of synoviocyte proliferation
up-regulation of synoviocyte proliferation
negative regulation of synoviocyte proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synoviocyte proliferation.
downregulation of synoviocyte proliferation
down regulation of synoviocyte proliferation
down-regulation of synoviocyte proliferation
obsolete regulation of tRNA methylation in response to nitrogen starvation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA methylation in response to nitrogen starvation.
The directed movement of nucleoside across a membrane.
obsolete positive regulation of maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure.
obsolete negative regulation of maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of XDP.
obsolete copper ion import into ascospore-type prospore
OBSOLETE. Any copper ion import that takes place in ascospore-type prospore.
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle membrane organization.
downregulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organisation
down regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organisation
down-regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organisation
downregulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization
down regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization
down-regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization
downregulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization and biogenesis
down regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization and biogenesis
down-regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization and biogenesis
inhibition of synaptic vesicle membrane organisation
inhibition of synaptic vesicle membrane organization
inhibition of synaptic vesicle membrane organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organisation
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization and biogenesis
regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle membrane organization.
regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organisation
regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization and biogenesis
obsolete regulation of maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure.
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle membrane organization.
activation of synaptic vesicle membrane organisation
activation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization
activation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organisation
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization and biogenesis
upregulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organisation
up regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organisation
up-regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organisation
upregulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization
up regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization
up-regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization
upregulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization and biogenesis
up regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization and biogenesis
up-regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process.
downregulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process
down regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process
down-regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process
inhibition of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process
regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyramine.
positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process.
activation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process
induction of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death
upregulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process
up regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process
up-regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process
glutathione derivative metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione derivative.
The process in which arsenate is transported across a membrane.
glutathione derivative biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione derivative.
glutathione derivative catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutathione derivative.
sulfur-containing amino acid secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of sulfur-containing amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.
arsenate ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of an arsenate ion from one side of a membrane to the other.
sulfur compound transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a sulfur compound from one side of a membrane to the other.
sulfur molecular entity transmembrane transporter activity
obsolete positive regulation of histone H3-K27 acetylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K27 acetylation.
The directed movement of nucleotide across a membrane.
The directed movement of an iron coordination entity into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle assembly.
regulation of spindle assembly involved in mitosis
positive regulation of systemic acquired resistance
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.
activation of salicylic acid-dependent systemic resistance
activation of systemic acquired resistance
positive regulation of salicylic acid-dependent systemic resistance
upregulation of salicylic acid-dependent systemic resistance
up regulation of salicylic acid-dependent systemic resistance
up-regulation of salicylic acid-dependent systemic resistance
upregulation of systemic acquired resistance
up regulation of systemic acquired resistance
up-regulation of systemic acquired resistance
obsolete negative regulation of histone H3-K27 acetylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K27 acetylation.
obsolete regulation of histone H3-K27 acetylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K27 acetylation.
regulation of superoxide dismutase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of superoxide dismutase activity.
regulation of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activity
regulation of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity
regulation of ferrisuperoxide dismutase activity
regulation of iron superoxide dismutase activity
regulation of iron superoxide oxidoreductase
regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase activity
regulation of manganese superoxide oxidoreductase
regulation of Mn, Fe superoxide dismutase
regulation of nickel superoxide dismutase activity
regulation of nickel superoxide oxidoreductase
regulation of superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase activity
regulation of zinc superoxide oxidoreductase
positive regulation of superoxide dismutase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of superoxide dismutase activity.
activation of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activity
activation of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity
activation of ferrisuperoxide dismutase activity
activation of iron superoxide dismutase activity
activation of iron superoxide oxidoreductase
activation of manganese superoxide dismutase activity
activation of manganese superoxide oxidoreductase
activation of Mn, Fe superoxide dismutase
activation of nickel superoxide dismutase activity
activation of nickel superoxide oxidoreductase
activation of superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase activity
activation of superoxide dismutase activity
activation of zinc superoxide oxidoreductase
positive regulation of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activity
positive regulation of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity
positive regulation of ferrisuperoxide dismutase activity
positive regulation of iron superoxide dismutase activity
positive regulation of iron superoxide oxidoreductase
positive regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase activity
positive regulation of manganese superoxide oxidoreductase
positive regulation of Mn, Fe superoxide dismutase
positive regulation of nickel superoxide dismutase activity
positive regulation of nickel superoxide oxidoreductase
positive regulation of superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of superoxide dismutase I
positive regulation of superoxide dismutase II
positive regulation of zinc superoxide oxidoreductase
upregulation of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activity
up regulation of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activity
up-regulation of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activity
upregulation of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity
up regulation of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity
up-regulation of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity
upregulation of ferrisuperoxide dismutase activity
up regulation of ferrisuperoxide dismutase activity
up-regulation of ferrisuperoxide dismutase activity
upregulation of iron superoxide dismutase activity
up regulation of iron superoxide dismutase activity
up-regulation of iron superoxide dismutase activity
upregulation of iron superoxide oxidoreductase
up regulation of iron superoxide oxidoreductase
up-regulation of iron superoxide oxidoreductase
upregulation of manganese superoxide dismutase activity
up regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase activity
up-regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase activity
upregulation of manganese superoxide oxidoreductase
up regulation of manganese superoxide oxidoreductase
up-regulation of manganese superoxide oxidoreductase
upregulation of Mn, Fe superoxide dismutase
up regulation of Mn, Fe superoxide dismutase
up-regulation of Mn, Fe superoxide dismutase
upregulation of nickel superoxide dismutase activity
up regulation of nickel superoxide dismutase activity
up-regulation of nickel superoxide dismutase activity
upregulation of nickel superoxide oxidoreductase
up regulation of nickel superoxide oxidoreductase
up-regulation of nickel superoxide oxidoreductase
upregulation of superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase activity
upregulation of superoxide dismutase activity
up regulation of superoxide dismutase activity
up-regulation of superoxide dismutase activity
up regulation of superoxide dismutase II
up-regulation of superoxide dismutase II
upregulation of zinc superoxide oxidoreductase
up regulation of zinc superoxide oxidoreductase
up-regulation of zinc superoxide oxidoreductase
negative regulation of superoxide dismutase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of superoxide dismutase activity.
downregulation of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activity
down regulation of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activity
down-regulation of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activity
downregulation of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity
down regulation of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity
down-regulation of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity
downregulation of ferrisuperoxide dismutase activity
down regulation of ferrisuperoxide dismutase activity
down-regulation of ferrisuperoxide dismutase activity
downregulation of iron superoxide dismutase activity
down regulation of iron superoxide dismutase activity
down-regulation of iron superoxide dismutase activity
downregulation of iron superoxide oxidoreductase
down regulation of iron superoxide oxidoreductase
down-regulation of iron superoxide oxidoreductase
downregulation of manganese superoxide dismutase activity
down regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase activity
down-regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase activity
downregulation of manganese superoxide oxidoreductase
down regulation of manganese superoxide oxidoreductase
down-regulation of manganese superoxide oxidoreductase
downregulation of Mn, Fe superoxide dismutase
down regulation of Mn, Fe superoxide dismutase
down-regulation of Mn, Fe superoxide dismutase
downregulation of nickel superoxide dismutase activity
down regulation of nickel superoxide dismutase activity
down-regulation of nickel superoxide dismutase activity
downregulation of nickel superoxide oxidoreductase
down regulation of nickel superoxide oxidoreductase
down-regulation of nickel superoxide oxidoreductase
downregulation of superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of superoxide dismutase activity
down regulation of superoxide dismutase activity
down-regulation of superoxide dismutase activity
downregulation of superoxide dismutase I
down regulation of superoxide dismutase I
down-regulation of superoxide dismutase I
downregulation of superoxide dismutase II
down regulation of superoxide dismutase II
down-regulation of superoxide dismutase II
downregulation of zinc superoxide oxidoreductase
down regulation of zinc superoxide oxidoreductase
down-regulation of zinc superoxide oxidoreductase
inhibition of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activity
inhibition of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity
inhibition of ferrisuperoxide dismutase activity
inhibition of iron superoxide dismutase activity
inhibition of iron superoxide oxidoreductase
inhibition of manganese superoxide dismutase activity
inhibition of manganese superoxide oxidoreductase
inhibition of Mn, Fe superoxide dismutase
inhibition of nickel superoxide dismutase activity
inhibition of nickel superoxide oxidoreductase
inhibition of superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of superoxide dismutase activity
inhibition of zinc superoxide oxidoreductase
negative regulation of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activity
negative regulation of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity
negative regulation of ferrisuperoxide dismutase activity
negative regulation of iron superoxide dismutase activity
negative regulation of iron superoxide oxidoreductase
negative regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase activity
negative regulation of manganese superoxide oxidoreductase
negative regulation of Mn, Fe superoxide dismutase
negative regulation of nickel superoxide dismutase activity
negative regulation of nickel superoxide oxidoreductase
negative regulation of superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of superoxide dismutase I
negative regulation of superoxide dismutase II
negative regulation of zinc superoxide oxidoreductase
negative regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.
downregulation of ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerizing) activity
down regulation of ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerizing) activity
down-regulation of ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerizing) activity
downregulation of NAD+:poly(adenine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferase activity
down regulation of NAD+:poly(adenine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferase activity
down-regulation of NAD+:poly(adenine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferase activity
downregulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
down regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
downregulation of NAD ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
down regulation of NAD ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of NAD ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
downregulation of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity
down regulation of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity
down-regulation of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity
downregulation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activity
down regulation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activity
down-regulation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activity
downregulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthase activity
down regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthase activity
down-regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthase activity
downregulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activity
down regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activity
down-regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activity
inhibition of ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerizing) activity
inhibition of NAD+:poly(adenine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferase activity
inhibition of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
inhibition of NAD ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
inhibition of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity
inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activity
inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) synthase activity
inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activity
negative regulation of ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerizing) activity
negative regulation of NAD+:poly(adenine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferase activity
negative regulation of NAD ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity
negative regulation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activity
negative regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthase activity
negative regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activity
regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.
regulation of ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerizing) activity
regulation of NAD+:poly(adenine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferase activity
regulation of NAD ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
regulation of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity
regulation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activity
regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthase activity
regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activity
negative regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration.
downregulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
down regulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
down-regulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
inhibition of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
positive regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.
activation of ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerizing) activity
activation of NAD+:poly(adenine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferase activity
activation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
activation of NAD ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
activation of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity
activation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activity
activation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthase activity
activation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activity
positive regulation of ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerizing) activity
positive regulation of NAD+:poly(adenine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferase activity
positive regulation of NAD ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity
positive regulation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activity
positive regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthase activity
positive regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activity
upregulation of ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerizing) activity
up regulation of ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerizing) activity
up-regulation of ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerizing) activity
upregulation of NAD+:poly(adenine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferase activity
up regulation of NAD+:poly(adenine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferase activity
up-regulation of NAD+:poly(adenine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferase activity
upregulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
up regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
upregulation of NAD ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
up regulation of NAD ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of NAD ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
upregulation of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity
up regulation of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity
up-regulation of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity
upregulation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activity
up regulation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activity
up-regulation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activity
upregulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthase activity
up regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthase activity
up-regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthase activity
upregulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activity
up regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activity
up-regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activity
regulation of histone deacetylase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone deacetylase activity.
positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.
activation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development
upregulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development
up regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development
up-regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development
positive regulation of histone deacetylase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone deacetylase activity.
activation of histone deacetylase activity
upregulation of histone deacetylase activity
up regulation of histone deacetylase activity
up-regulation of histone deacetylase activity
negative regulation of histone deacetylase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone deacetylase activity.
downregulation of histone deacetylase activity
down regulation of histone deacetylase activity
down-regulation of histone deacetylase activity
inhibition of histone deacetylase activity
negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.
downregulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development
down regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development
down-regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development
inhibition of cell proliferation involved in kidney development
regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.
positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process.
activation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolic process
activation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolism
activation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolic process
activation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolism
activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid breakdown
activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process
activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism
activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation
positive regulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolic process
positive regulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolism
positive regulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolic process
positive regulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolism
positive regulation of GABA catabolic process
positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid breakdown
positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism
positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation
upregulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolic process
up regulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolic process
up-regulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolic process
upregulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolism
up regulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolism
up-regulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolism
upregulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolic process
up regulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolic process
up-regulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolic process
upregulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolism
up regulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolism
up-regulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolism
upregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid breakdown
up regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid breakdown
up-regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid breakdown
upregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process
up regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process
up-regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process
upregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism
up regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism
up-regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism
upregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation
up regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation
up-regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation
negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process.
downregulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolic process
down regulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolic process
down-regulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolic process
downregulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolism
down regulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolism
down-regulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolism
downregulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolic process
down regulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolic process
down-regulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolic process
downregulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolism
down regulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolism
down-regulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolism
downregulation of GABA catabolic process
down regulation of GABA catabolic process
down-regulation of GABA catabolic process
downregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid breakdown
down regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid breakdown
down-regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid breakdown
downregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process
down regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process
down-regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process
downregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism
down regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism
down-regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism
downregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation
down regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation
down-regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation
inhibition of 4-aminobutanoate catabolic process
inhibition of 4-aminobutanoate catabolism
inhibition of 4-aminobutyrate catabolic process
inhibition of 4-aminobutyrate catabolism
inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid breakdown
inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process
inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism
inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation
negative regulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolic process
negative regulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolism
negative regulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolic process
negative regulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolism
negative regulation of GABA catabolic process
negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid breakdown
negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism
negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation
obsolete regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport.
negative regulation of urea catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of urea catabolic process.
downregulation of urea catabolic process
down regulation of urea catabolic process
down-regulation of urea catabolic process
negative regulation of urea decomposition
positive regulation of homoserine biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of homoserine biosynthetic process.
activation of homoserine biosynthetic process
positive regulation of homoserine anabolism
positive regulation of homoserine biosynthesis
positive regulation of homoserine formation
positive regulation of homoserine synthesis
up regulation of homoserine biosynthesis
up-regulation of homoserine biosynthesis
upregulation of homoserine biosynthetic process
up regulation of homoserine biosynthetic process
up-regulation of homoserine biosynthetic process
regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process.
regulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolic process
regulation of 4-aminobutanoate catabolism
regulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolic process
regulation of 4-aminobutyrate catabolism
regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid breakdown
regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism
regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation
positive regulation of urea catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of urea catabolic process.
positive regulation of urea decomposition
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-larreatricin.
(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin.
negative regulation of homoserine biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of homoserine biosynthetic process.
downregulation of homoserine biosynthesis
down regulation of homoserine biosynthesis
down-regulation of homoserine biosynthesis
downregulation of homoserine biosynthetic process
down regulation of homoserine biosynthetic process
down-regulation of homoserine biosynthetic process
inhibition of homoserine biosynthetic process
negative regulation of homoserine anabolism
negative regulation of homoserine biosynthesis
negative regulation of homoserine formation
negative regulation of homoserine synthesis
regulation of homoserine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of homoserine biosynthetic process.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-isoleucine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-glutamine.
mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in bone development
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of bone as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
cellular response to oxygen-containing compound
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus.
cellular response to oxygen molecular entity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus.
protein localization involved in auxin polar transport
Any protein localization that is involved in auxin polar transport.
establishment and maintenance of protein localization involved in auxin polar transport
protein localisation involved in auxin polar transport
Enables the transfer of salt from one side of a membrane to the other.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of olivetolic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cannabinoid.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus.
cellular response to nitrogen molecular entity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of butirosin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving butirosin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A.
4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinose-lipid A metabolic process
4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinose-lipid A metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butirosin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene A4.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene A4.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D3.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vitamin D3.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene D4.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene D4.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene A4.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene D4.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving prephenate(2-).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-deoxystreptamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prephenate(2-).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prephenate(2-).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-deoxystreptamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-deoxystreptamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (R)-mevalonic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mevalonic acid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.
regulation of vitamin A metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin A metabolic process.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quercetin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving quercetin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (R)-mevalonic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quercetin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monensin A.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving monensin A.
positive regulation of platelet aggregation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.
activation of blood platelet aggregation
positive regulation of blood platelet aggregation
positive regulation of thrombocyte aggregation
upregulation of blood platelet aggregation
up regulation of blood platelet aggregation
up-regulation of blood platelet aggregation
up regulation of thrombocyte aggregation
up-regulation of thrombocyte aggregation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monensin A.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzoyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoyl-CoA.
3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate breakdown
3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate catabolism
3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate degradation
3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cresol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cresol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of p-cresol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cumate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentalenolactone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of p-cumate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cumate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mitomycin C.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mitomycin C.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentalenolactone.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentalenolactone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lincomycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lincomycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitomycin C.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lincomycin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbapenem.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbapenem.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of daunorubicin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of daunorubicin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphinothricin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphinothricin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbapenem.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphinothricin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxytetracycline.
beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A which occurs as a result of modification of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide by the addition of the sugar 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N). This strategy is adopted by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria to evade cationic antimicrobial peptides produced by the innate immune system.
4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinose-lipid A biosynthesis
4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinose-lipid A biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oxytetracycline.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oxytetracycline.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-zeacarotene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-zeacarotene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of delta-carotene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving delta-carotene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-zeacarotene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-zeacarotene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-zeacarotene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-zeacarotene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving astaxanthin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-carotene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of astaxanthin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of astaxanthin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of capsanthin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of capsanthin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-carotene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-carotene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-glucoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucoside.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving capsanthin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucoside.
1,5-anhydro-D-fructose metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose.
positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteasomal protein catabolic process.
activation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
activation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolic process
activation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolism
positive regulation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolic process
positive regulation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolism
upregulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
up regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
up-regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
upregulation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolic process
up regulation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolic process
up-regulation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolic process
upregulation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolism
up regulation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolism
up-regulation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolism
1,5-anhydro-D-fructose biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose.
1,5-anhydro-D-fructose catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose.
negative regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.
downregulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator
down regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator
down-regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator
inhibition of signal transduction by p53 class mediator
regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.
negative regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proteasomal protein catabolic process.
downregulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
down regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
down-regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
downregulation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolic process
down regulation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolic process
down-regulation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolic process
downregulation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolism
down regulation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolism
down-regulation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolism
inhibition of proteasomal protein catabolic process
inhibition of proteasome-mediated protein catabolic process
inhibition of proteasome-mediated protein catabolism
negative regulation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolic process
negative regulation of proteasome-mediated protein catabolism
positive regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.
activation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator
upregulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator
up regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator
up-regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate metabolism
3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate anabolism
3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate biosynthesis
3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate formation
3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate synthesis
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate biosynthesis
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate catabolism
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate degradation
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin metabolism
7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin.
7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin anabolism
7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin biosynthesis
7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin formation
7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin synthesis
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin anabolism
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin biosynthesis
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin formation
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin synthesis
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin breakdown
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin catabolism
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinate.
7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin.
7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin breakdown
7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin catabolism
7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin degradation
7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin.
7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin metabolism
negative regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.
downregulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction
down regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction
down-regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction
inhibition of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction
regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinate.
positive regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.
activation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction
upregulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction
up regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction
up-regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction
regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
regulation of high voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
regulation of high voltage gated calcium channel activity
negative regulation of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.
downregulation of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
down regulation of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
down-regulation of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inhibition of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
positive regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
activation of high voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
activation of high voltage gated calcium channel activity
activation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
positive regulation of high voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
positive regulation of high voltage gated calcium channel activity
upregulation of high voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
up regulation of high voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
up-regulation of high voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
upregulation of high voltage gated calcium channel activity
upregulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
up regulation of high voltage gated calcium channel activity
up regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
up-regulation of high voltage gated calcium channel activity
up-regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
downregulation of high voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
down regulation of high voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
down-regulation of high voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
downregulation of high voltage gated calcium channel activity
downregulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
down regulation of high voltage gated calcium channel activity
down regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
down-regulation of high voltage gated calcium channel activity
down-regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
inhibition of high voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
inhibition of high voltage gated calcium channel activity
inhibition of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
negative regulation of high voltage-dependent calcium channel activity
negative regulation of high voltage gated calcium channel activity
negative regulation of transcription of nucleolar large rRNA by RNA polymerase I
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript mediated by RNA polymerase I.
downregulation of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter
down regulation of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter
down-regulation of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter
downregulation of transcription of nuclear rRNA large Pol I transcript
down regulation of transcription of nuclear rRNA large Pol I transcript
down-regulation of transcription of nuclear rRNA large Pol I transcript
inhibition of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter
inhibition of transcription of nuclear rRNA large Pol I transcript
negative regulation of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter
negative regulation of transcription of nuclear rRNA large Pol I transcript
regulation of transcription of nucleolar large rRNA by RNA polymerase I
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of nuclear large rRNA mediated by RNA polymerase I.
regulation of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter
regulation of transcription of nuclear rRNA large Pol I transcript
regulation of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.
positive regulation of transcription of nucleolar large rRNA by RNA polymerase I
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of nuclear large rRNA mediated by RNA polymerase I.
activation of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter
activation of transcription of nuclear rRNA large Pol I transcript
positive regulation of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter
positive regulation of transcription of nuclear rRNA large Pol I transcript
upregulation of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter
up regulation of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter
up-regulation of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter
upregulation of transcription of nuclear rRNA large Pol I transcript
up regulation of transcription of nuclear rRNA large Pol I transcript
up-regulation of transcription of nuclear rRNA large Pol I transcript
all-trans-neoxanthin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of all-trans-neoxanthin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of all-trans-neoxanthin.
positive regulation of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA.
activation of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear mRNA
activation of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA
activation of deadenylylation-independent decapping
positive regulation of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear mRNA
positive regulation of deadenylylation-independent decapping
upregulation of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear mRNA
up regulation of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear mRNA
up-regulation of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear mRNA
upregulation of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA
up regulation of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA
up-regulation of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA
upregulation of deadenylylation-independent decapping
up regulation of deadenylylation-independent decapping
up-regulation of deadenylylation-independent decapping
regulation of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA.
regulation of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear mRNA
regulation of deadenylylation-independent decapping
zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside).
zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) breakdown
zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) catabolism
zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) degradation
zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside).
zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving all-trans-neoxanthin.
zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside).
zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) anabolism
zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) biosynthesis
zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) formation
zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways involving zeaxanthin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of delta-carotene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zeaxanthin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of zeaxanthin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxycoumarin.
2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.
positive regulation of protein depolymerization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization.
activation of protein polymer catabolic process
activation of protein polymer catabolism
activation of protein polymer degradation
positive regulation of protein polymer breakdown
positive regulation of protein polymer catabolic process
positive regulation of protein polymer catabolism
positive regulation of protein polymer degradation
upregulation of protein depolymerization
up regulation of protein depolymerization
up-regulation of protein depolymerization
upregulation of protein polymer breakdown
up regulation of protein polymer breakdown
up-regulation of protein polymer breakdown
upregulation of protein polymer catabolic process
up regulation of protein polymer catabolic process
up-regulation of protein polymer catabolic process
upregulation of protein polymer catabolism
up regulation of protein polymer catabolism
up-regulation of protein polymer catabolism
upregulation of protein polymer degradation
up regulation of protein polymer degradation
up-regulation of protein polymer degradation
negative regulation of protein depolymerization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization.
downregulation of protein depolymerization
down regulation of protein depolymerization
down-regulation of protein depolymerization
downregulation of protein polymer breakdown
down regulation of protein polymer breakdown
down-regulation of protein polymer breakdown
downregulation of protein polymer catabolic process
down regulation of protein polymer catabolic process
down-regulation of protein polymer catabolic process
downregulation of protein polymer catabolism
down regulation of protein polymer catabolism
down-regulation of protein polymer catabolism
downregulation of protein polymer degradation
down regulation of protein polymer degradation
down-regulation of protein polymer degradation
inhibition of protein polymer catabolic process
inhibition of protein polymer catabolism
inhibition of protein polymer degradation
negative regulation of protein polymer breakdown
negative regulation of protein polymer catabolic process
negative regulation of protein polymer catabolism
negative regulation of protein polymer degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxycoumarin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxycoumarin.
negative regulation of calcium ion binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.
downregulation of calcium ion storage activity
down regulation of calcium ion storage activity
down-regulation of calcium ion storage activity
inhibition of calcium ion storage activity
negative regulation of calcium ion storage activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.
regulation of calcium ion storage activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization.
regulation of protein polymer catabolic process
regulation of protein polymer catabolism
regulation of protein polymer degradation
positive regulation of calcium ion binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.
activation of calcium ion storage activity
positive regulation of calcium ion storage activity
upregulation of calcium ion storage activity
up regulation of calcium ion storage activity
up-regulation of calcium ion storage activity
regulation of post-translational protein modification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification.
regulation of posttranslational amino acid modification
regulation of post-translational amino acid modification
regulation of posttranslational modification
regulation of post-translational modification
regulation of posttranslational protein modification
ecgonone methyl ester biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecgonone methyl ester.
positive regulation of post-translational protein modification
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification.
activation of posttranslational amino acid modification
activation of post-translational amino acid modification
activation of posttranslational modification
activation of post-translational modification
activation of posttranslational protein modification
activation of post-translational protein modification
positive regulation of posttranslational amino acid modification
positive regulation of post-translational amino acid modification
positive regulation of posttranslational modification
positive regulation of post-translational modification
positive regulation of posttranslational protein modification
upregulation of posttranslational amino acid modification
upregulation of post-translational amino acid modification
up regulation of posttranslational amino acid modification
up regulation of post-translational amino acid modification
up-regulation of posttranslational amino acid modification
up-regulation of post-translational amino acid modification
upregulation of posttranslational modification
upregulation of post-translational modification
up regulation of posttranslational modification
up regulation of post-translational modification
up-regulation of posttranslational modification
up-regulation of post-translational modification
upregulation of posttranslational protein modification
upregulation of post-translational protein modification
up regulation of posttranslational protein modification
up regulation of post-translational protein modification
up-regulation of posttranslational protein modification
up-regulation of post-translational protein modification
negative regulation of post-translational protein modification
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification.
downregulation of posttranslational amino acid modification
downregulation of post-translational amino acid modification
down regulation of posttranslational amino acid modification
down regulation of post-translational amino acid modification
down-regulation of posttranslational amino acid modification
down-regulation of post-translational amino acid modification
downregulation of posttranslational modification
downregulation of post-translational modification
down regulation of posttranslational modification
down regulation of post-translational modification
down-regulation of posttranslational modification
down-regulation of post-translational modification
downregulation of posttranslational protein modification
downregulation of post-translational protein modification
down regulation of posttranslational protein modification
down regulation of post-translational protein modification
down-regulation of posttranslational protein modification
down-regulation of post-translational protein modification
inhibition of posttranslational amino acid modification
inhibition of post-translational amino acid modification
inhibition of posttranslational modification
inhibition of post-translational modification
inhibition of posttranslational protein modification
inhibition of post-translational protein modification
negative regulation of posttranslational amino acid modification
negative regulation of post-translational amino acid modification
negative regulation of posttranslational modification
negative regulation of post-translational modification
negative regulation of posttranslational protein modification
ecgonine methyl ester biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecgonine methyl ester.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecgonine methyl ester.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecgonone methyl ester.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecgonone methyl ester.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of capsorubin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving capsorubin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecgonine methyl ester.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of capsorubin.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.
positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process.
activation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process
activation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism
positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism
positive regulation of mtDNA metabolic process
upregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process
up regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process
up-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process
upregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism
up regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism
up-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism
up regulation of mtDNA metabolic process
up-regulation of mtDNA metabolic process
positive regulation of muscle tissue development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.
upregulation of muscle tissue development
up regulation of muscle tissue development
up-regulation of muscle tissue development
negative regulation of muscle tissue development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.
downregulation of muscle tissue development
down regulation of muscle tissue development
down-regulation of muscle tissue development
positive regulation of cellular respiration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration.
activation of oxidative metabolic process
positive regulation of oxidative metabolic process
positive regulation of oxidative metabolism
upregulation of oxidative metabolic process
up regulation of oxidative metabolic process
up-regulation of oxidative metabolic process
negative regulation of cellular respiration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration.
downregulation of oxidative metabolic process
down regulation of oxidative metabolic process
down-regulation of oxidative metabolic process
inhibition of oxidative metabolic process
negative regulation of oxidative metabolic process
negative regulation of oxidative metabolism
negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process.
downregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process
down regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process
down-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process
downregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism
down regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism
down-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism
downregulation of mtDNA metabolic process
down regulation of mtDNA metabolic process
down-regulation of mtDNA metabolic process
inhibition of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process
inhibition of mitochondrial DNA metabolism
negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism
negative regulation of mtDNA metabolic process
regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process.
regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exoribonuclease activity.
obsolete protein kinase activity involved in regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in cytokinesis
OBSOLETE. Any protein kinase activity that is involved in regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in cytokinesis.
positive regulation of exoribonuclease activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exoribonuclease activity.
upregulation of exoribonuclease activity
up regulation of exoribonuclease activity
up-regulation of exoribonuclease activity
negative regulation of exoribonuclease activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exoribonuclease activity.
downregulation of exoribonuclease activity
down regulation of exoribonuclease activity
down-regulation of exoribonuclease activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of capsule organization.
regulation of capsule organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of capsule organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of capsule organization.
activation of capsule organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of capsule organisation
positive regulation of capsule organization and biogenesis
upregulation of capsule organization and biogenesis
up regulation of capsule organization and biogenesis
up-regulation of capsule organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of capsule organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of capsule organization.
downregulation of capsule organization and biogenesis
down regulation of capsule organization and biogenesis
down-regulation of capsule organization and biogenesis
inhibition of capsule organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of capsule organisation
negative regulation of capsule organization and biogenesis
diadenosine hexaphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine hexaphosphate.
diadenosyl hexaphosphate catabolic process
diadenosine hexaphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving diadenosine hexaphosphate.
diadenosyl hexaphosphate metabolic process
adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate) catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate).
adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate) breakdown
adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate) catabolism
adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate) degradation
adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate) metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate).
adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate) metabolism
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tamsulosin stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrocidine.
diadenosine pentaphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine pentaphosphate.
diadenosyl pentaphosphate catabolic process
diadenosine pentaphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving diadenosine pentaphosphate.
diadenosyl pentaphosphate metabolic process
regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in cytokinesis
Any regulation of protein localization to cell division site that is involved in cytokinesis.
regulation of protein localisation to cell division site involved in cytokinesis
regulation of protein localization to cell division site
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell division site.
regulation of protein localisation to cell division site
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrocidine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tyrocidine.
regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.
positive regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity.
activation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca2+-transporting)
activation of Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase activity
activation of Ca2+-pumping ATPase activity
activation of Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity
activation of calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity
activation of calcium transporting ATPase activity
activation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity
activation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
activation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase
positive regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca2+-transporting)
positive regulation of Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase activity
positive regulation of Ca2+-pumping ATPase activity
positive regulation of Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity
positive regulation of calcium ABC transporter
positive regulation of calcium efflux ATPase
positive regulation of calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity
positive regulation of calcium transporting ATPase activity
positive regulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity
positive regulation of plasma membrane Ca-ATPase
positive regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
positive regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase
upregulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca2+-transporting)
up regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca2+-transporting)
up-regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca2+-transporting)
upregulation of Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase activity
up regulation of Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase activity
up-regulation of Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase activity
upregulation of Ca2+-pumping ATPase activity
up regulation of Ca2+-pumping ATPase activity
up-regulation of Ca2+-pumping ATPase activity
upregulation of Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity
up regulation of Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity
up-regulation of Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity
up regulation of calcium ABC transporter
up-regulation of calcium ABC transporter
upregulation of calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity
up regulation of calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity
up-regulation of calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity
upregulation of calcium transporting ATPase activity
upregulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity
up regulation of calcium transporting ATPase activity
up regulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity
up-regulation of calcium transporting ATPase activity
up-regulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity
upregulation of plasma membrane Ca-ATPase
up regulation of plasma membrane Ca-ATPase
up-regulation of plasma membrane Ca-ATPase
upregulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
up regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
up-regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
upregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase
up regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase
up-regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase
positive regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.
activation of relaxation of cardiac muscle
upregulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle
up regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle
up-regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle
negative regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.
downregulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle
down regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle
down-regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle
inhibition of relaxation of cardiac muscle
positive regulation of cell septum assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell septum assembly.
negative regulation of cell septum assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell septum assembly.
negative regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity.
downregulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca2+-transporting)
down regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca2+-transporting)
down-regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca2+-transporting)
downregulation of Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase activity
down regulation of Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase activity
down-regulation of Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase activity
downregulation of Ca2+-pumping ATPase activity
down regulation of Ca2+-pumping ATPase activity
down-regulation of Ca2+-pumping ATPase activity
downregulation of Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity
down regulation of Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity
down-regulation of Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity
downregulation of calcium ABC transporter
down regulation of calcium ABC transporter
down-regulation of calcium ABC transporter
down regulation of calcium efflux ATPase
down-regulation of calcium efflux ATPase
downregulation of calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity
down regulation of calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity
down-regulation of calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity
downregulation of calcium transporting ATPase activity
downregulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity
down regulation of calcium transporting ATPase activity
down regulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity
down-regulation of calcium transporting ATPase activity
down-regulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity
downregulation of plasma membrane Ca-ATPase
down regulation of plasma membrane Ca-ATPase
down-regulation of plasma membrane Ca-ATPase
downregulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
down regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
down-regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
downregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase
down regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase
down-regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase
inhibition of ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca2+-transporting)
inhibition of Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase activity
inhibition of Ca2+-pumping ATPase activity
inhibition of Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity
inhibition of calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity
inhibition of calcium transporting ATPase activity
inhibition of calcium-transporting ATPase activity
inhibition of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase
negative regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca2+-transporting)
negative regulation of Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase activity
negative regulation of Ca2+-pumping ATPase activity
negative regulation of Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity
negative regulation of calcium ABC transporter
negative regulation of calcium efflux ATPase
negative regulation of calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity
negative regulation of calcium transporting ATPase activity
negative regulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity
negative regulation of plasma membrane Ca-ATPase
negative regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
negative regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase
regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity.
regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca2+-transporting)
regulation of Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase activity
regulation of Ca2+-pumping ATPase activity
regulation of Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity
regulation of calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity
regulation of calcium transporting ATPase activity
regulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity
regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase
negative regulation of cell junction assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly.
downregulation of cell junction assembly
down regulation of cell junction assembly
down-regulation of cell junction assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell septum assembly.
positive regulation of cell junction assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly.
5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.
5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate anabolism
5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate biosynthesis
5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate formation
5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate synthesis
5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.
5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate breakdown
5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate catabolism
5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate degradation
regulation of anterograde dense core granule transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde dense core granule transport.
The directed movement a dense core granule within a cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of miltiradiene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving miltiradiene.
5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.
5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of miltiradiene.
(+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol.
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene.
(+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol.
(+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-caryophyllene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-caryophyllene.
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene.
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bicyclogermacrene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving bicyclogermacrene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-caryophyllene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bicyclogermacrene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-copaene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cadinene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-copaene.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-copaene.
negative regulation of protein import into nucleus during spindle assembly checkpoint
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, and that occurs as a response to the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint. In S. cerevisiae, this process involves inhibition of the karyopherin/importin Kap121p (also known as Pse1p), which acts as the specific nuclear import receptor for several proteins, including Glc7p. Glc7p functions in opposition to key spindle assembly checkpoint protein Aurora kinase (Ipl1p).
negative regulation of protein import into nucleus during mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint
positive regulation of sclerotium development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sclerotium development.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cadinene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cadinene.
obsolete phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain involved in recruitment of 3'-end processing factors to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex
OBSOLETE. Any phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain that is involved in recruitment of 3'-end processing factors to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex.
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in activation of protein kinase activity
Any peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation that is involved in activation of protein kinase activity.
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in protein kinase activation
negative regulation of sclerotium development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sclerotium development.
downregulation of sclerotium development
down regulation of sclerotium development
down-regulation of sclerotium development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sclerotium development.
Binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphate.
positive regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.
activation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity
positive regulation of Kir channel activity
upregulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity
up regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity
up-regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation.
regulation of protein amino acid acetylation
negative regulation of cell cycle checkpoint
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.
down regulation of cell cycle checkpoint
down-regulation of cell cycle checkpoint
negative regulation of G1/S transition checkpoint
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.
regulation of G1/S transition checkpoint
regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.
positive regulation of cell cycle checkpoint
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.
positive regulation of G1/S transition checkpoint
positive regulation of DNA-5-methylcytosine glycosylase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-5-methylcytosine glycosylase activity.
activation of DNA-5-methylcytosine glycosylase activity
upregulation of DNA-5-methylcytosine glycosylase activity
up regulation of DNA-5-methylcytosine glycosylase activity
up-regulation of DNA-5-methylcytosine glycosylase activity
The process in which glycerate is transported across a membrane.
glycerate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of glycerate from one side of a membrane to the other.
positive regulation of polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity.
activation of 2'(3')-polynucleotidase activity
activation of 5'-polynucleotidekinase 3'-phosphatase activity
activation of deoxyribonucleate 3'-phosphatase activity
activation of DNA 3'-phosphatase activity
activation of polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity
activation of polynucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase activity
positive regulation of 2'(3')-polynucleotidase activity
positive regulation of 5'-polynucleotidekinase 3'-phosphatase activity
positive regulation of deoxyribonucleate 3'-phosphatase activity
positive regulation of DNA 3'-phosphatase activity
positive regulation of polynucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase activity
upregulation of 2'(3')-polynucleotidase activity
up regulation of 2'(3')-polynucleotidase activity
up-regulation of 2'(3')-polynucleotidase activity
upregulation of 5'-polynucleotidekinase 3'-phosphatase activity
up regulation of 5'-polynucleotidekinase 3'-phosphatase activity
up-regulation of 5'-polynucleotidekinase 3'-phosphatase activity
upregulation of deoxyribonucleate 3'-phosphatase activity
up regulation of deoxyribonucleate 3'-phosphatase activity
up-regulation of deoxyribonucleate 3'-phosphatase activity
upregulation of DNA 3'-phosphatase activity
up regulation of DNA 3'-phosphatase activity
up-regulation of DNA 3'-phosphatase activity
upregulation of polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity
up regulation of polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity
up-regulation of polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity
upregulation of polynucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase activity
up regulation of polynucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase activity
up-regulation of polynucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase activity
regulation of polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity.
regulation of 2'(3')-polynucleotidase activity
regulation of 5'-polynucleotidekinase 3'-phosphatase activity
regulation of deoxyribonucleate 3'-phosphatase activity
regulation of DNA 3'-phosphatase activity
regulation of polynucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase activity
regulation of DNA-5-methylcytosine glycosylase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-5-methylcytosine glycosylase activity.
positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation.
activation of chromosome separation during mitosis
activation of mitotic chromosome separation
activation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution
activation of mitotic sister chromatid separation
activation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis
positive regulation of chromosome separation during mitosis
positive regulation of mitotic chromosome separation
positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution
positive regulation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis
upregulation of chromosome separation during mitosis
up regulation of chromosome separation during mitosis
up-regulation of chromosome separation during mitosis
upregulation of mitotic chromosome separation
up regulation of mitotic chromosome separation
up-regulation of mitotic chromosome separation
upregulation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution
up regulation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution
up-regulation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution
upregulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation
up regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation
up-regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation
upregulation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis
up regulation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis
up-regulation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis
endoplasmic reticulum to chloroplast transport
The directed movement of substances from endoplasmic reticulum to chloroplast.
positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
activation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
upregulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
up regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
up-regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
negative regulation of cellular response to iron ion starvation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to iron ion starvation.
downregulation of cellular response to iron ion starvation
down regulation of cellular response to iron ion starvation
down-regulation of cellular response to iron ion starvation
inhibition of cellular response to iron ion starvation
regulation of cellular response to iron ion starvation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to iron ion starvation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isobutanol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isobutanol.
regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine transmembrane transport
The directed movement of S-adenosyl-L-methionine across a membrane.
S-adenosylmethionine transmembrane transport
regulation of cutin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cutin biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of retrograde dense core granule transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde dense core granule transport.
activation of retrograde dense core granule transport
upregulation of retrograde dense core granule transport
up regulation of retrograde dense core granule transport
up-regulation of retrograde dense core granule transport
positive regulation of cutin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cutin biosynthetic process.
activation of cutin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of cutin biosynthesis
upregulation of cutin biosynthetic process
up regulation of cutin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of cutin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of cutin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cutin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of cutin biosynthetic process
down regulation of cutin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of cutin biosynthetic process
inhibition of cutin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of cutin biosynthesis
positive regulation of anterograde dense core granule transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde dense core granule transport.
activation of anterograde dense core granule transport
upregulation of anterograde dense core granule transport
up regulation of anterograde dense core granule transport
up-regulation of anterograde dense core granule transport
negative regulation of anterograde dense core granule transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde dense core granule transport.
downregulation of anterograde dense core granule transport
down regulation of anterograde dense core granule transport
down-regulation of anterograde dense core granule transport
inhibition of anterograde dense core granule transport
negative regulation of retrograde dense core granule transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde dense core granule transport.
downregulation of retrograde dense core granule transport
down regulation of retrograde dense core granule transport
down-regulation of retrograde dense core granule transport
inhibition of retrograde dense core granule transport
regulation of retrograde dense core granule transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde dense core granule transport.
poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid.
poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid metabolism
poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid.
poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid anabolism
poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthesis
poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid formation
poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid synthesis
poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid.
poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid metabolism
poly(glucosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid metabolic process
poly(glucosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid metabolism
poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid.
poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid anabolism
poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthesis
poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid formation
poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid synthesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toxin transport.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toxin transport.
poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid.
poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid metabolism
negative regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
downregulation of protein biosynthetic process involved in ER stress response
down regulation of protein biosynthetic process involved in ER stress response
down-regulation of protein biosynthetic process involved in ER stress response
downregulation of protein biosynthetic process involved in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down regulation of protein biosynthetic process involved in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down-regulation of protein biosynthetic process involved in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
downregulation of protein biosynthetic process involved in response to ER stress
down regulation of protein biosynthetic process involved in response to ER stress
down-regulation of protein biosynthetic process involved in response to ER stress
inhibition of protein biosynthetic process involved in ER stress response
inhibition of protein biosynthetic process involved in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
inhibition of protein biosynthetic process involved in response to ER stress
negative regulation of protein anabolism involved in ER stress response
negative regulation of protein anabolism involved in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of protein anabolism involved in response to ER stress
negative regulation of protein biosynthesis involved in ER stress response
negative regulation of protein biosynthesis involved in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of protein biosynthesis involved in response to ER stress
negative regulation of protein biosynthetic process involved in ER stress response
negative regulation of protein biosynthetic process involved in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of protein biosynthetic process involved in response to ER stress
negative regulation of protein formation involved in ER stress response
negative regulation of protein formation involved in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of protein formation involved in response to ER stress
negative regulation of protein synthesis involved in ER stress response
negative regulation of protein synthesis involved in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of protein synthesis involved in response to ER stress
negative regulation of translation involved in ER stress response
negative regulation of translation involved in response to ER stress
protein biosynthesis inhibitor activity involved in ER stress response
protein biosynthesis inhibitor activity involved in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
protein biosynthesis inhibitor activity involved in response to ER stress
protein biosynthetic process inhibitor activity involved in ER stress response
protein biosynthetic process inhibitor activity involved in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
protein biosynthetic process inhibitor activity involved in response to ER stress
regulation of proline biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta formation.
positive regulation of beta-amyloid formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toxin transport.
negative regulation of proline biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proline biosynthetic process.
downregulation of proline biosynthetic process
down regulation of proline biosynthetic process
down-regulation of proline biosynthetic process
inhibition of proline biosynthetic process
negative regulation of proline anabolism
negative regulation of proline biosynthesis
negative regulation of proline formation
negative regulation of proline synthesis
The process in which a fatty acid is transported across a membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homogentisate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta formation.
obsolete protein phosphorylation involved in cellular protein catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any protein phosphorylation that is involved in cellular protein catabolic process.
negative regulation of indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan.
downregulation of IAA biosynthetic process via tryptophan
down regulation of IAA biosynthetic process via tryptophan
down-regulation of IAA biosynthetic process via tryptophan
downregulation of indoleacetic acid anabolism via tryptophan
down regulation of indoleacetic acid anabolism via tryptophan
down-regulation of indoleacetic acid anabolism via tryptophan
downregulation of indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan
down regulation of indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan
down-regulation of indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan
downregulation of indoleacetic acid formation via tryptophan
down regulation of indoleacetic acid formation via tryptophan
down-regulation of indoleacetic acid formation via tryptophan
downregulation of indoleacetic acid synthesis via tryptophan
down regulation of indoleacetic acid synthesis via tryptophan
down-regulation of indoleacetic acid synthesis via tryptophan
inhibition of IAA biosynthetic process via tryptophan
inhibition of indoleacetic acid anabolism via tryptophan
inhibition of indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan
inhibition of indoleacetic acid formation via tryptophan
inhibition of indoleacetic acid synthesis via tryptophan
negative regulation of IAA biosynthetic process via tryptophan
negative regulation of indoleacetic acid anabolism via tryptophan
negative regulation of indoleacetic acid formation via tryptophan
negative regulation of indoleacetic acid synthesis via tryptophan
regulation of indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan.
regulation of IAA biosynthetic process via tryptophan
regulation of indoleacetic acid anabolism via tryptophan
regulation of indoleacetic acid formation via tryptophan
regulation of indoleacetic acid synthesis via tryptophan
The chemical reactions and pathways involving homogentisate.
The directed movement of a toxin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition.
activation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition
upregulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition
up regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition
up-regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition
positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.
activation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition
positive regulation of cell cycle transition
upregulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition
up regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition
up-regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition
negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.
down regulation of cell cycle transition
down-regulation of cell cycle transition
downregulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition
down regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition
down-regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition
inhibition of meiotic cell cycle phase transition
negative regulation of cell cycle transition
positive regulation of cell cycle phase transition
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition.
activation of cell cycle phase transition
upregulation of cell cycle phase transition
up regulation of cell cycle phase transition
up-regulation of cell cycle phase transition
negative regulation of cell cycle phase transition
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition.
downregulation of cell cycle phase transition
down regulation of cell cycle phase transition
down-regulation of cell cycle phase transition
inhibition of cell cycle phase transition
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition.
downregulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition
down regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition
down-regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition
inhibition of mitotic cell cycle phase transition
regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition.
positive regulation of protein acetylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation.
activation of protein amino acid acetylation
positive regulation of protein amino acid acetylation
upregulation of protein amino acid acetylation
up regulation of protein amino acid acetylation
up-regulation of protein amino acid acetylation
negative regulation of protein acetylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation.
downregulation of protein amino acid acetylation
down regulation of protein amino acid acetylation
down-regulation of protein amino acid acetylation
inhibition of protein amino acid acetylation
negative regulation of protein amino acid acetylation
regulation of cell cycle phase transition
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ketamine stimulus.
negative regulation of Fas signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway.
downregulation of Apo-1 signaling pathway
down regulation of Apo-1 signaling pathway
down-regulation of Apo-1 signaling pathway
downregulation of CD95 signaling pathway
down regulation of CD95 signaling pathway
down-regulation of CD95 signaling pathway
downregulation of Fas-FasL signaling pathway
down regulation of Fas-FasL signaling pathway
down-regulation of Fas-FasL signaling pathway
downregulation of FAS ligand-Fas signaling pathway
down regulation of FAS ligand-Fas signaling pathway
down-regulation of FAS ligand-Fas signaling pathway
downregulation of FasL signaling pathway
down regulation of FasL signaling pathway
down-regulation of FasL signaling pathway
downregulation of Fas receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of Fas receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of Fas receptor signaling pathway
downregulation of FasR signaling pathway
down regulation of FasR signaling pathway
down-regulation of FasR signaling pathway
down regulation of Fas signaling pathway
down-regulation of Fas signaling pathway
inhibition of Fas-FasL signaling pathway
inhibition of FAS ligand-Fas signaling pathway
inhibition of Fas receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of Apo-1 signaling pathway
negative regulation of CD95 signaling pathway
negative regulation of Fas-FasL signaling pathway
negative regulation of FAS ligand-Fas signaling pathway
negative regulation of FasL signaling pathway
negative regulation of Fas receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of FasR signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway.
regulation of Fas-FasL signaling pathway
regulation of FAS ligand-Fas signaling pathway
regulation of Fas receptor signaling pathway
The process in which a polyamine macromolecule is transported across a membrane.
positive regulation of Fas signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway.
activation of Fas-FasL signaling pathway
activation of FAS ligand-Fas signaling pathway
activation of Fas receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of Apo-1 signaling pathway
positive regulation of CD95 signaling pathway
positive regulation of Fas-FasL signaling pathway
positive regulation of FAS ligand-Fas signaling pathway
positive regulation of FasL signaling pathway
positive regulation of Fas receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of FasR signaling pathway
up regulation of Apo-1 signaling pathway
up-regulation of Apo-1 signaling pathway
upregulation of Fas-FasL signaling pathway
up regulation of Fas-FasL signaling pathway
up-regulation of Fas-FasL signaling pathway
upregulation of FAS ligand-Fas signaling pathway
up regulation of FAS ligand-Fas signaling pathway
up-regulation of FAS ligand-Fas signaling pathway
upregulation of Fas receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of Fas receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of Fas receptor signaling pathway
regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.
regulation of death receptor-mediated apoptosis
positive regulation of seed dormancy process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.
positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.
activation of death receptor-mediated apoptosis
activation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
positive regulation of death receptor-mediated apoptosis
upregulation of death receptor-mediated apoptosis
up regulation of death receptor-mediated apoptosis
up-regulation of death receptor-mediated apoptosis
upregulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
up regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
up-regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.
downregulation of death receptor-mediated apoptosis
down regulation of death receptor-mediated apoptosis
down-regulation of death receptor-mediated apoptosis
downregulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
down regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
down-regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
inhibition of death receptor-mediated apoptosis
inhibition of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
negative regulation of death receptor-mediated apoptosis
negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.
downregulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation
down regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation
down-regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation
downregulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation
down regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation
down-regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation
downregulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
down regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
down-regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
downregulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation
down regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation
down-regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation
inhibition of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation
inhibition of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation
inhibition of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
inhibition of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation
negative regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation
negative regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation
negative regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation
regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.
regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation
regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation
regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation
negative regulation of seed dormancy process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.
down regulation of seed dormancy process
down-regulation of seed dormancy process
positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.
activation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation
activation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation
activation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
activation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation
positive regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation
positive regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation
positive regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation
upregulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation
up regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation
up-regulation of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation
upregulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation
up regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation
up-regulation of haemopoietic stem cell differentiation
upregulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
up regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
up-regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
upregulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation
up regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation
up-regulation of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation
regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation.
regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in response to osmotic stress
OBSOLETE. Any regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in response to osmotic stress.
positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation.
activation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation
activation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation
positive regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation
upregulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation
up regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation
up-regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation
upregulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation
up regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation
up-regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation
negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation.
downregulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation
down regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation
down-regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation
downregulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation
down regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation
down-regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation
inhibition of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation
inhibition of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation
negative regulation of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation
obsolete positive regulation of histone H3-K18 acetylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K18 acetylation.
obsolete regulation of histone H3-K18 acetylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K18 acetylation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NADP metabolic process.
regulation of NADP (oxidized) metabolic process
regulation of NADP (oxidized) metabolism
regulation of NADP (reduced) metabolic process
regulation of NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolic process
regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolism
regulation of oxidized NADP metabolic process
regulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolic process
regulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolism
regulation of reduced NADP metabolic process
regulation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolic process
regulation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolism
obsolete negative regulation of histone H3-K18 acetylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K18 acetylation.
The directed movement of nitrate into a cell or organelle.
The directed movement of a L-histidine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of cartilage condensation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cartilage condensation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cartilage condensation.
regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility.
regulation of bacterial-type flagellar cell motility
regulation of bacterial-type flagellum cell motility
regulation of flagellin-based flagellar cell motility
negative regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility.
down regulation of ciliary cell motility
down-regulation of ciliary cell motility
negative regulation of ciliary cell motility
negative regulation of cilium cell motility
The directed movement of a L-lysine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly.
poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid.
poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid anabolism
poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthesis
poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid formation
poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid synthesis
poly(glucosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthesis
poly(glucosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthetic process
regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly.
negative regulation of cilium biogenesis
negative regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral motor column neuron migration.
downregulation of lateral motor column neuron migration
down regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration
down-regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration
inhibition of lateral motor column neuron migration
regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral motor column neuron migration.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-valine.
positive regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral motor column neuron migration.
activation of lateral motor column neuron migration
upregulation of lateral motor column neuron migration
up regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration
up-regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration
positive regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway.
activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway
activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signalling pathway
positive regulation of HIF1alpha pathway
positive regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signalling pathway
upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway
up regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway
up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway
upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signalling pathway
up regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signalling pathway
up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signalling pathway
negative regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway.
downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway
down regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway
down-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway
downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signalling pathway
down regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signalling pathway
down-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signalling pathway
inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway
inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signalling pathway
negative regulation of HIF1alpha pathway
negative regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signalling pathway
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus.
negative regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sphingolipid signaling.
downregulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway
downregulation of sphingolipid signaling pathway
down regulation of sphingolipid signaling pathway
down-regulation of sphingolipid signaling pathway
inhibition of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of sphingolipid signaling pathway
negative regulation of sphingolipid signaling pathway
regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sphingolipid signaling.
regulation of sphingolipid signaling pathway
regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway.
regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signalling pathway
positive regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sphingolipid signaling.
activation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway
activation of sphingolipid signaling pathway
positive regulation of sphingolipid signaling pathway
upregulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of sphingolipid signaling pathway
up regulation of sphingolipid signaling pathway
up-regulation of sphingolipid signaling pathway
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-glutamate stimulus.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spermatogenesis
OBSOLETE. Any regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in spermatogenesis.
regulation of cell wall pectin metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall pectin metabolic process.
regulation of cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall pectin metabolic process
regulation of cell wall pectin metabolism
regulation of pectin metabolism during cell wall biogenesis
regulation of plant-type cell wall pectin metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving betaine aldehyde.
positive regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction.
activation of fruiting body development involved in sexual reproduction
activation of fruiting body formation involved in sexual reproduction
activation of perfect stage fruiting body development
activation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction
positive regulation of ascus development
positive regulation of fruiting body development involved in sexual reproduction
positive regulation of fruiting body formation involved in sexual reproduction
positive regulation of perfect stage fruiting body development
upregulation of fruiting body development involved in sexual reproduction
up regulation of fruiting body development involved in sexual reproduction
up-regulation of fruiting body development involved in sexual reproduction
upregulation of fruiting body formation involved in sexual reproduction
up regulation of fruiting body formation involved in sexual reproduction
up-regulation of fruiting body formation involved in sexual reproduction
upregulation of perfect stage fruiting body development
up regulation of perfect stage fruiting body development
up-regulation of perfect stage fruiting body development
upregulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction
up regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction
up-regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of betaine aldehyde.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of betaine aldehyde.
(25S)-Delta(4)-dafachronate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (25S)-Delta(4)-dafachronate.
(25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronate.
negative regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction.
downregulation of fruiting body development involved in sexual reproduction
down regulation of fruiting body development involved in sexual reproduction
down-regulation of fruiting body development involved in sexual reproduction
downregulation of fruiting body formation involved in sexual reproduction
down regulation of fruiting body formation involved in sexual reproduction
down-regulation of fruiting body formation involved in sexual reproduction
downregulation of perfect stage fruiting body development
down regulation of perfect stage fruiting body development
down-regulation of perfect stage fruiting body development
downregulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction
down regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction
down-regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction
inhibition of fruiting body development involved in sexual reproduction
inhibition of fruiting body formation involved in sexual reproduction
inhibition of perfect stage fruiting body development
inhibition of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction
negative regulation of ascus development
negative regulation of fruiting body development involved in sexual reproduction
negative regulation of fruiting body formation involved in sexual reproduction
negative regulation of perfect stage fruiting body development
regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction.
regulation of fruiting body development involved in sexual reproduction
regulation of fruiting body formation involved in sexual reproduction
regulation of perfect stage fruiting body development
regulation of neosartoricin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neosartoricin biosynthetic process.
regulation of neosartoricin biosynthesis
positive regulation of neosartoricin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neosartoricin biosynthetic process.
activation of neosartoricin biosynthesis
activation of neosartoricin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of neosartoricin anabolism
positive regulation of neosartoricin biosynthesis
positive regulation of neosartoricin formation
positive regulation of neosartoricin synthesis
up regulation of neosartoricin anabolism
up-regulation of neosartoricin anabolism
upregulation of neosartoricin biosynthesis
up regulation of neosartoricin biosynthesis
up-regulation of neosartoricin biosynthesis
upregulation of neosartoricin biosynthetic process
up regulation of neosartoricin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of neosartoricin biosynthetic process
up regulation of neosartoricin formation
up-regulation of neosartoricin formation
up regulation of neosartoricin synthesis
up-regulation of neosartoricin synthesis
negative regulation of neosartoricin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neosartoricin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of neosartoricin anabolism
down regulation of neosartoricin anabolism
down-regulation of neosartoricin anabolism
downregulation of neosartoricin biosynthesis
down regulation of neosartoricin biosynthesis
down-regulation of neosartoricin biosynthesis
downregulation of neosartoricin biosynthetic process
down regulation of neosartoricin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of neosartoricin biosynthetic process
downregulation of neosartoricin formation
down regulation of neosartoricin formation
down-regulation of neosartoricin formation
downregulation of neosartoricin synthesis
down regulation of neosartoricin synthesis
down-regulation of neosartoricin synthesis
inhibition of neosartoricin biosynthesis
inhibition of neosartoricin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of neosartoricin anabolism
negative regulation of neosartoricin biosynthesis
negative regulation of neosartoricin formation
negative regulation of neosartoricin synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neosartoricin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving neosartoricin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neosartoricin.
negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process
Any negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process.
mitochondrial membrane impermeability involved in apoptosis
mitochondrial membrane impermeability involved in apoptotic cell death
mitochondrial membrane impermeability involved in apoptotic process
mitochondrial membrane impermeability involved in apoptotic program
mitochondrial membrane impermeability involved in apoptotic programmed cell death
mitochondrial membrane impermeability involved in programmed cell death by apoptosis
mitochondrial membrane impermeability involved in signaling (initiator) caspase activity
mitochondrial membrane impermeability involved in type I programmed cell death
mitochondrial membrane impermeabilization involved in apoptosis
mitochondrial membrane impermeabilization involved in apoptotic cell death
mitochondrial membrane impermeabilization involved in apoptotic process
mitochondrial membrane impermeabilization involved in apoptotic program
mitochondrial membrane impermeabilization involved in apoptotic programmed cell death
mitochondrial membrane impermeabilization involved in programmed cell death by apoptosis
mitochondrial membrane impermeabilization involved in signaling (initiator) caspase activity
mitochondrial membrane impermeabilization involved in type I programmed cell death
negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptosis
negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic cell death
negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic program
negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic programmed cell death
negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in programmed cell death by apoptosis
negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in signaling (initiator) caspase activity
negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in type I programmed cell death
negative regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptosis
negative regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic cell death
negative regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic process
negative regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic program
negative regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic programmed cell death
negative regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in programmed cell death by apoptosis
negative regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in signaling (initiator) caspase activity
negative regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in type I programmed cell death
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process
Any regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process.
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptosis
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic cell death
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic program
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic programmed cell death
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in programmed cell death by apoptosis
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in signaling (initiator) caspase activity
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in type I programmed cell death
regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptosis
regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic cell death
regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic process
regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic program
regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic programmed cell death
regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in programmed cell death by apoptosis
regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in signaling (initiator) caspase activity
regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in type I programmed cell death
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diethyl maleate stimulus.
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process
Any positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process.
mitochondrial membrane permeability transition involved in apoptosis
mitochondrial membrane permeability transition involved in apoptotic cell death
mitochondrial membrane permeability transition involved in apoptotic process
mitochondrial membrane permeability transition involved in apoptotic program
mitochondrial membrane permeability transition involved in apoptotic programmed cell death
mitochondrial membrane permeability transition involved in programmed cell death by apoptosis
mitochondrial membrane permeability transition involved in signaling (initiator) caspase activity
mitochondrial membrane permeability transition involved in type I programmed cell death
mitochondrial membrane permeabilization involved in apoptosis
mitochondrial membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic cell death
mitochondrial membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic process
mitochondrial membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic program
mitochondrial membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic programmed cell death
mitochondrial membrane permeabilization involved in programmed cell death by apoptosis
mitochondrial membrane permeabilization involved in signaling (initiator) caspase activity
mitochondrial membrane permeabilization involved in type I programmed cell death
mitochondrial permeability transition involved in apoptosis
mitochondrial permeability transition involved in apoptotic cell death
mitochondrial permeability transition involved in apoptotic process
mitochondrial permeability transition involved in apoptotic program
mitochondrial permeability transition involved in apoptotic programmed cell death
mitochondrial permeability transition involved in programmed cell death by apoptosis
mitochondrial permeability transition involved in signaling (initiator) caspase activity
mitochondrial permeability transition involved in type I programmed cell death
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptosis
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic cell death
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic program
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic programmed cell death
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in programmed cell death by apoptosis
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in signaling (initiator) caspase activity
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in type I programmed cell death
positive regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptosis
positive regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic cell death
positive regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic process
positive regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic program
positive regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic programmed cell death
positive regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in programmed cell death by apoptosis
positive regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in signaling (initiator) caspase activity
positive regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in type I programmed cell death
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation.
regulation of immune cell differentiation
positive regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle.
activation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition
activation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle
positive regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition
upregulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition
up regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition
up-regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition
upregulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle
up regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle
up-regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle
positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation.
activation of immune cell differentiation
positive regulation of immune cell differentiation
positive regulation of leucocyte differentiation
upregulation of immune cell differentiation
up regulation of immune cell differentiation
up-regulation of immune cell differentiation
upregulation of leucocyte differentiation
up regulation of leucocyte differentiation
up-regulation of leucocyte differentiation
upregulation of leukocyte differentiation
up regulation of leukocyte differentiation
up-regulation of leukocyte differentiation
negative regulation of leukocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation.
downregulation of immune cell differentiation
down regulation of immune cell differentiation
down-regulation of immune cell differentiation
downregulation of leucocyte differentiation
down regulation of leucocyte differentiation
down-regulation of leucocyte differentiation
downregulation of leukocyte differentiation
down regulation of leukocyte differentiation
down-regulation of leukocyte differentiation
inhibition of immune cell differentiation
negative regulation of immune cell differentiation
negative regulation of leucocyte differentiation
positive regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle.
activation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle
upregulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle
up regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle
up-regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle
negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle.
downregulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle
down regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle
down-regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle
inhibition of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle
negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle.
downregulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition
down regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition
down-regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition
downregulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle
down regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle
down-regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle
inhibition of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition
inhibition of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle
negative regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition
regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle.
regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium.
activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle.
Binding to calcitriol. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) is the hormonally active form of vitamin D3.
1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol binding
positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.
positive regulation of fumagillin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fumagillin biosynthetic process.
activation of fumagillin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of fumagillin anabolism
positive regulation of fumagillin biosynthesis
positive regulation of fumagillin formation
positive regulation of fumagillin synthesis
up regulation of fumagillin biosynthesis
up-regulation of fumagillin biosynthesis
upregulation of fumagillin biosynthetic process
up regulation of fumagillin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of fumagillin biosynthetic process
cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process involved in lateral root development
Any cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process that is involved in lateral root development.
cell wall polysaccharide breakdown involved in lateral root development
plant-type cell wall loosening involved in abscission
Any plant-type cell wall loosening that is involved in abscission.
cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall loosening involved in abscission
negative regulation of fumagillin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fumagillin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of fumagillin biosynthesis
down regulation of fumagillin biosynthesis
down-regulation of fumagillin biosynthesis
downregulation of fumagillin biosynthetic process
down regulation of fumagillin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of fumagillin biosynthetic process
inhibition of fumagillin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of fumagillin anabolism
negative regulation of fumagillin biosynthesis
negative regulation of fumagillin formation
negative regulation of fumagillin synthesis
regulation of fumagillin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fumagillin biosynthetic process.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumagillin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumagillin.
dimethylsulfoniopropionate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin.
S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin breakdown
S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin catabolic process
S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin catabolism
S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumagillin.
negative regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum.
downregulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum
down regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum
down-regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum
inhibition of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum
regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum.
negative regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation.
downregulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation
down regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation
down-regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation
downregulation of protein S-nitrosylation
down regulation of protein S-nitrosylation
down-regulation of protein S-nitrosylation
inhibition of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation
negative regulation of protein S-nitrosylation
positive regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum.
activation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum
upregulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum
up regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum
up-regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inositol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inositol stimulus.
(-)-secoisolariciresinol catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-secoisolariciresinol.
(-)-secoisolariciresinol metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-secoisolariciresinol.
(-)-secoisolariciresinol biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-secoisolariciresinol.
(+)-secoisolariciresinol metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-secoisolariciresinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-lariciresinol.
(+)-secoisolariciresinol biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-secoisolariciresinol.
(+)-secoisolariciresinol catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-secoisolariciresinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-lariciresinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-lariciresinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-lariciresinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-lariciresinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-pinoresinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-pinoresinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-lariciresinol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-pinoresinol.
negative regulation of meiotic spindle elongation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation.
downregulation of meiotic spindle elongation
down regulation of meiotic spindle elongation
down-regulation of meiotic spindle elongation
downregulation of spindle elongation during meiosis
down regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis
down-regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis
inhibition of meiotic spindle elongation
inhibition of spindle elongation during meiosis
negative regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-pinoresinol.
positive regulation of organelle assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly.
negative regulation of organelle assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly.
regulation of meiotic spindle elongation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation.
regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis
obsolete nucleotide phosphorylation involved in DNA repair
OBSOLETE. Any nucleotide phosphorylation that is involved in DNA repair.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diethyl maleate stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-valine.
negative regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process.
downregulation of keratinocyte apoptosis
down regulation of keratinocyte apoptosis
down-regulation of keratinocyte apoptosis
downregulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process
down regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process
down-regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process
inhibition of keratinocyte apoptotic process
negative regulation of keratinocyte apoptosis
regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process.
regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
positive regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process.
activation of keratinocyte apoptotic process
positive regulation of keratinocyte apoptosis
upregulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process
up regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process
up-regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catechin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catechin stimulus.
regulation of tocopherol cyclase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tocopherol cyclase activity.
cellular response to reactive nitrogen species
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive nitrogen species stimulus.
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator.
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.
activation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator
upregulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator
up regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator
up-regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator.
activation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
upregulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
up regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
up-regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
upregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
up regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
up-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator.
downregulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
down regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
down-regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
downregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
down regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
down-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
inhibition of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
inhibition of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.
activation of cyclic nucleotide activated ion channel activity
activation of cyclic nucleotide-activated ion channel activity
activation of cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel activity
activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity
positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide activated ion channel activity
positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide-activated ion channel activity
positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel activity
upregulation of cyclic nucleotide activated ion channel activity
upregulation of cyclic nucleotide-activated ion channel activity
up regulation of cyclic nucleotide activated ion channel activity
up regulation of cyclic nucleotide-activated ion channel activity
up-regulation of cyclic nucleotide activated ion channel activity
up-regulation of cyclic nucleotide-activated ion channel activity
upregulation of cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel activity
upregulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity
up regulation of cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel activity
up regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity
up-regulation of cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel activity
up-regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity
negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.
downregulation of cyclic nucleotide activated ion channel activity
downregulation of cyclic nucleotide-activated ion channel activity
down regulation of cyclic nucleotide activated ion channel activity
down regulation of cyclic nucleotide-activated ion channel activity
down-regulation of cyclic nucleotide activated ion channel activity
down-regulation of cyclic nucleotide-activated ion channel activity
downregulation of cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel activity
downregulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity
down regulation of cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel activity
down regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity
down-regulation of cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel activity
down-regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity
inhibition of cyclic nucleotide activated ion channel activity
inhibition of cyclic nucleotide-activated ion channel activity
inhibition of cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel activity
inhibition of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity
negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide activated ion channel activity
negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide-activated ion channel activity
negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel activity
negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.
downregulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator
down regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator
down-regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator
inhibition of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.
regulation of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
regulation of G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint effector process
regulation of response to signal involved in G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
positive regulation of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
activation of mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint effector process
activation of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
activation of response to mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling
activation of response to signal involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint effector process
positive regulation of response to mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling
positive regulation of response to signal involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint
upregulation of mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint effector process
up regulation of mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint effector process
up-regulation of mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint effector process
upregulation of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
up regulation of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
up-regulation of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
upregulation of response to mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling
up regulation of response to mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling
up-regulation of response to mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling
upregulation of response to signal involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint
up regulation of response to signal involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint
up-regulation of response to signal involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint
regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.
regulation of cyclic nucleotide activated ion channel activity
regulation of cyclic nucleotide-activated ion channel activity
regulation of cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel activity
positive regulation of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
activation of G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint effector process
activation of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
activation of response to signal involved in G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
positive regulation of G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint effector process
positive regulation of response to signal involved in G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
upregulation of G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint effector process
up regulation of G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint effector process
up-regulation of G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint effector process
upregulation of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
up regulation of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
up-regulation of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
upregulation of response to signal involved in G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
up regulation of response to signal involved in G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
up-regulation of response to signal involved in G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
regulation of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
regulation of DNA damage checkpoint effector process
regulation of response to signal involved in DNA damage checkpoint
positive regulation of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.
activation of DNA integrity checkpoint effector process
activation of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling
activation of response to signal involved in DNA integrity checkpoint
positive regulation of DNA integrity checkpoint effector process
positive regulation of response to signal involved in DNA integrity checkpoint
upregulation of DNA integrity checkpoint effector process
up regulation of DNA integrity checkpoint effector process
up-regulation of DNA integrity checkpoint effector process
upregulation of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling
up regulation of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling
up-regulation of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling
upregulation of response to signal involved in DNA integrity checkpoint
up regulation of response to signal involved in DNA integrity checkpoint
up-regulation of response to signal involved in DNA integrity checkpoint
regulation of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
regulation of mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint effector process
regulation of response to mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling
regulation of response to signal involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint
positive regulation of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
activation of DNA damage checkpoint effector process
activation of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling
activation of response to signal involved in DNA damage checkpoint
positive regulation of DNA damage checkpoint effector process
positive regulation of response to signal involved in DNA damage checkpoint
upregulation of DNA damage checkpoint effector process
up regulation of DNA damage checkpoint effector process
up-regulation of DNA damage checkpoint effector process
upregulation of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling
up regulation of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling
up-regulation of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling
upregulation of response to signal involved in DNA damage checkpoint
up regulation of response to signal involved in DNA damage checkpoint
up-regulation of response to signal involved in DNA damage checkpoint
positive regulation of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling.
activation of cytokinesis checkpoint effector process
activation of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling
activation of response to signal involved in cytokinesis checkpoint
positive regulation of cytokinesis checkpoint effector process
positive regulation of response to signal involved in cytokinesis checkpoint
upregulation of cytokinesis checkpoint effector process
up regulation of cytokinesis checkpoint effector process
up-regulation of cytokinesis checkpoint effector process
upregulation of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling
up regulation of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling
up-regulation of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling
upregulation of response to signal involved in cytokinesis checkpoint
up regulation of response to signal involved in cytokinesis checkpoint
up-regulation of response to signal involved in cytokinesis checkpoint
regulation of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.
regulation of DNA integrity checkpoint effector process
regulation of response to signal involved in DNA integrity checkpoint
regulation of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
regulation of cell cycle checkpoint effector process
regulation of G1/S transition checkpoint effector process
regulation of G2/M transition checkpoint effector process
regulation of response to G1/S transition checkpoint signaling
regulation of response to G2/M transition checkpoint signaling
regulation of response to signal involved in cell cycle checkpoint
regulation of response to signal involved in G1/S transition checkpoint
regulation of response to signal involved in G2/M transition checkpoint
regulation of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling.
regulation of cytokinesis checkpoint effector process
regulation of response to signal involved in cytokinesis checkpoint
positive regulation of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
activation of cell cycle checkpoint effector process
activation of G1/S transition checkpoint effector process
activation of G2/M transition checkpoint effector process
activation of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling
activation of response to G1/S transition checkpoint signaling
activation of response to G2/M transition checkpoint signaling
activation of response to signal involved in cell cycle checkpoint
activation of response to signal involved in G1/S transition checkpoint
activation of response to signal involved in G2/M transition checkpoint
positive regulation of cell cycle checkpoint effector process
positive regulation of G1/S transition checkpoint effector process
positive regulation of G2/M transition checkpoint effector process
positive regulation of response to G1/S transition checkpoint signaling
positive regulation of response to G2/M transition checkpoint signaling
positive regulation of response to signal involved in cell cycle checkpoint
positive regulation of response to signal involved in G1/S transition checkpoint
positive regulation of response to signal involved in G2/M transition checkpoint
upregulation of cell cycle checkpoint effector process
up regulation of cell cycle checkpoint effector process
up-regulation of cell cycle checkpoint effector process
upregulation of G1/S transition checkpoint effector process
up regulation of G1/S transition checkpoint effector process
up-regulation of G1/S transition checkpoint effector process
upregulation of G2/M transition checkpoint effector process
up regulation of G2/M transition checkpoint effector process
up-regulation of G2/M transition checkpoint effector process
upregulation of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling
up regulation of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling
up-regulation of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling
upregulation of response to G1/S transition checkpoint signaling
up regulation of response to G1/S transition checkpoint signaling
up-regulation of response to G1/S transition checkpoint signaling
upregulation of response to G2/M transition checkpoint signaling
up regulation of response to G2/M transition checkpoint signaling
up-regulation of response to G2/M transition checkpoint signaling
upregulation of response to signal involved in cell cycle checkpoint
up regulation of response to signal involved in cell cycle checkpoint
up-regulation of response to signal involved in cell cycle checkpoint
upregulation of response to signal involved in G1/S transition checkpoint
up regulation of response to signal involved in G1/S transition checkpoint
up-regulation of response to signal involved in G1/S transition checkpoint
upregulation of response to signal involved in G2/M transition checkpoint
up regulation of response to signal involved in G2/M transition checkpoint
up-regulation of response to signal involved in G2/M transition checkpoint
regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of IL-2-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
activation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway
activation of HGF receptor signaling pathway
activation of HGF receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of HGF receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of HGF receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of Met signaling pathway
upregulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of HGF receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of HGF receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of HGF receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of HGF receptor signalling pathway
up regulation of HGF receptor signalling pathway
up-regulation of HGF receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway.
activation of IL-2-mediated signaling pathway
activation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway
activation of interleukin-2-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of IL-2-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signalling pathway
upregulation of IL-2-mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of IL-2-mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of IL-2-mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of interleukin-2-mediated signalling pathway
up regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signalling pathway
up-regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway.
downregulation of IL-2-mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of IL-2-mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of IL-2-mediated signaling pathway
downregulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway
downregulation of interleukin-2-mediated signalling pathway
down regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signalling pathway
down-regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signalling pathway
inhibition of IL-2-mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of interleukin-2-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of IL-2-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility.
downregulation of bacterial-type flagellar cell motility
down regulation of bacterial-type flagellar cell motility
down-regulation of bacterial-type flagellar cell motility
downregulation of flagellin-based flagellar cell motility
down regulation of flagellin-based flagellar cell motility
down-regulation of flagellin-based flagellar cell motility
inhibition of bacterial-type flagellar cell motility
inhibition of flagellin-based flagellar cell motility
negative regulation of bacterial-type flagellar cell motility
negative regulation of flagellin-based flagellar cell motility
3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-) biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).
3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-) biosynthesis
negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
downregulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway
downregulation of HGF receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of HGF receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of HGF receptor signaling pathway
downregulation of HGF receptor signalling pathway
down regulation of HGF receptor signalling pathway
down-regulation of HGF receptor signalling pathway
down regulation of Met signaling pathway
down-regulation of Met signaling pathway
inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of HGF receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of HGF receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of HGF receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of HGF receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of Met signaling pathway
regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of HGF receptor signaling pathway
regulation of HGF receptor signalling pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isovaleryl-CoA(4-).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isovaleryl-CoA(4-).
3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-) catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).
3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-) metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).
2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-) catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).
2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-) metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isovaleryl-CoA(4-).
2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-) biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).
2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-) biosynthesis
2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-) metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-).
obsolete positive regulation of viral release from host cell
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral release from host cell.
2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-) biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-).
2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-) catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-).
positive regulation of shoot apical meristem development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.
activation of primary shoot meristem development
activation of shoot apical meristem development
positive regulation of primary shoot meristem development
positive regulation of promeristem development
upregulation of primary shoot meristem development
up regulation of primary shoot meristem development
up-regulation of primary shoot meristem development
up regulation of promeristem development
up-regulation of promeristem development
upregulation of shoot apical meristem development
up regulation of shoot apical meristem development
up-regulation of shoot apical meristem development
negative regulation of shoot apical meristem development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.
downregulation of primary shoot meristem development
down regulation of primary shoot meristem development
down-regulation of primary shoot meristem development
downregulation of promeristem development
down regulation of promeristem development
down-regulation of promeristem development
downregulation of shoot apical meristem development
down regulation of shoot apical meristem development
down-regulation of shoot apical meristem development
inhibition of primary shoot meristem development
inhibition of shoot apical meristem development
negative regulation of primary shoot meristem development
negative regulation of promeristem development
obsolete regulation of viral release from host cell
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral release from host cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of verruculogen.
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of verruculogen.
regulation of shoot apical meristem development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.
regulation of primary shoot meristem development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a shoot apical meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
upregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
up regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
up-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
downregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
down regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
down-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
inhibition of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
The chemical reactions and pathways involving verruculogen.
fibroblast growth factor receptor apoptotic signaling pathway
An apoptotic signaling pathway that starts with a ligand binding to, or being withdrawn from, a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).
FGF receptor signaling pathway involved in apoptosis
FGF receptor signaling pathway involved in apoptotic cell death
FGF receptor signaling pathway involved in apoptotic process
FGF receptor signaling pathway involved in apoptotic program
FGF receptor signaling pathway involved in apoptotic programmed cell death
FGF receptor signaling pathway involved in programmed cell death by apoptosis
FGF receptor signaling pathway involved in signaling (initiator) caspase activity
FGF receptor signaling pathway involved in type I programmed cell death
FGF receptor signalling pathway involved in apoptosis
FGF receptor signalling pathway involved in apoptotic cell death
FGF receptor signalling pathway involved in apoptotic process
FGF receptor signalling pathway involved in apoptotic program
FGF receptor signalling pathway involved in apoptotic programmed cell death
FGF receptor signalling pathway involved in programmed cell death by apoptosis
FGF receptor signalling pathway involved in signaling (initiator) caspase activity
FGF receptor signalling pathway involved in type I programmed cell death
FGFR signaling pathway involved in apoptosis
FGFR signaling pathway involved in apoptotic cell death
FGFR signaling pathway involved in apoptotic process
FGFR signaling pathway involved in apoptotic program
FGFR signaling pathway involved in apoptotic programmed cell death
FGFR signaling pathway involved in programmed cell death by apoptosis
FGFR signaling pathway involved in signaling (initiator) caspase activity
FGFR signaling pathway involved in type I programmed cell death
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in apoptosis
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in apoptotic cell death
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in apoptotic process
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in apoptotic program
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in apoptotic programmed cell death
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in programmed cell death by apoptosis
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in signaling (initiator) caspase activity
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in type I programmed cell death
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in apoptosis
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in apoptotic cell death
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in apoptotic process
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in apoptotic program
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in apoptotic programmed cell death
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in programmed cell death by apoptosis
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in signaling (initiator) caspase activity
fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in type I programmed cell death
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
activation of apoptosis in response to ER stress
activation of apoptosis triggered by ER stress
activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis
activation of ER stress-induced apoptosis
activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress
activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
positive regulation of apoptosis in response to ER stress
positive regulation of apoptosis triggered by ER stress
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis
positive regulation of ER stress-induced apoptosis
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
upregulation of apoptosis in response to ER stress
up regulation of apoptosis in response to ER stress
up-regulation of apoptosis in response to ER stress
upregulation of apoptosis triggered by ER stress
up regulation of apoptosis triggered by ER stress
up-regulation of apoptosis triggered by ER stress
upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis
up regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis
up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis
upregulation of ER stress-induced apoptosis
up regulation of ER stress-induced apoptosis
up-regulation of ER stress-induced apoptosis
upregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress
up regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress
up-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress
upregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
downregulation of apoptosis in response to ER stress
down regulation of apoptosis in response to ER stress
down-regulation of apoptosis in response to ER stress
downregulation of apoptosis triggered by ER stress
down regulation of apoptosis triggered by ER stress
down-regulation of apoptosis triggered by ER stress
downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis
down regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis
down-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis
downregulation of ER stress-induced apoptosis
down regulation of ER stress-induced apoptosis
down-regulation of ER stress-induced apoptosis
downregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress
down regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress
down-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress
downregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
inhibition of apoptosis in response to ER stress
inhibition of apoptosis triggered by ER stress
inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis
inhibition of ER stress-induced apoptosis
inhibition of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress
inhibition of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of apoptosis in response to ER stress
negative regulation of apoptosis triggered by ER stress
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis
negative regulation of ER stress-induced apoptosis
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.
downregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator
down regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator
down-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator
inhibition of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.
negative regulation of positive thymic T cell selection
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection.
downregulation of positive thymic T cell selection
downregulation of positive thymic T-cell selection
down regulation of positive thymic T cell selection
down regulation of positive thymic T-cell selection
down-regulation of positive thymic T cell selection
down-regulation of positive thymic T-cell selection
downregulation of positive thymic T lymphocyte selection
downregulation of positive thymic T-lymphocyte selection
down regulation of positive thymic T lymphocyte selection
down regulation of positive thymic T-lymphocyte selection
down-regulation of positive thymic T lymphocyte selection
down-regulation of positive thymic T-lymphocyte selection
inhibition of positive thymic T cell selection
inhibition of positive thymic T-cell selection
inhibition of positive thymic T lymphocyte selection
inhibition of positive thymic T-lymphocyte selection
negative regulation of positive thymic T-cell selection
negative regulation of positive thymic T lymphocyte selection
negative regulation of positive thymic T-lymphocyte selection
regulation of positive thymic T cell selection
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection.
regulation of positive thymic T-cell selection
regulation of positive thymic T lymphocyte selection
regulation of positive thymic T-lymphocyte selection
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
regulation of apoptosis in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
regulation of apoptosis in response to ER stress
regulation of apoptosis triggered by ER stress
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis
regulation of ER stress-induced apoptosis
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
positive regulation of positive thymic T cell selection
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection.
activation of positive thymic T cell selection
activation of positive thymic T-cell selection
activation of positive thymic T lymphocyte selection
activation of positive thymic T-lymphocyte selection
positive regulation of positive thymic T-cell selection
positive regulation of positive thymic T lymphocyte selection
positive regulation of positive thymic T-lymphocyte selection
upregulation of positive thymic T cell selection
upregulation of positive thymic T-cell selection
up regulation of positive thymic T cell selection
up regulation of positive thymic T-cell selection
up-regulation of positive thymic T cell selection
up-regulation of positive thymic T-cell selection
upregulation of positive thymic T lymphocyte selection
upregulation of positive thymic T-lymphocyte selection
up regulation of positive thymic T lymphocyte selection
up regulation of positive thymic T-lymphocyte selection
up-regulation of positive thymic T lymphocyte selection
up-regulation of positive thymic T-lymphocyte selection
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis
positive regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway.
activation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway
activation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signalling pathway
positive regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signalling pathway
positive regulation of M-CSF signaling pathway
upregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway
up regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway
up-regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway
upregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signalling pathway
up regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signalling pathway
up-regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signalling pathway
up regulation of M-CSF signaling pathway
up-regulation of M-CSF signaling pathway
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.
activation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis
activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis
upregulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis
up regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis
up-regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis
upregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
up regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
up-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.
downregulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis
down regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis
down-regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis
downregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
down regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
down-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
inhibition of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis
inhibition of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis
negative regulation of acrosome reaction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acrosome reaction.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone body.
negative regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway.
downregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway
down regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway
down-regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway
downregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signalling pathway
down regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signalling pathway
down-regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signalling pathway
downregulation of M-CSF signaling pathway
down regulation of M-CSF signaling pathway
down-regulation of M-CSF signaling pathway
inhibition of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway
inhibition of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signalling pathway
negative regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signalling pathway
negative regulation of M-CSF signaling pathway
regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway.
regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signalling pathway
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid metabolism
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress.
activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
upregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
up regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
up-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid anabolism
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid biosynthesis
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid formation
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid synthesis
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid breakdown
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid catabolism
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid degradation
Any apoptotic process in an erythrocyte.
positive regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway.
activation of IL-4-mediated signaling pathway
activation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway
activation of interleukin-4-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of IL-4-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signalling pathway
upregulation of IL-4-mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of IL-4-mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of IL-4-mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of interleukin-4-mediated signalling pathway
up regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signalling pathway
up-regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress.
downregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
down regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
down-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
inhibition of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress.
positive regulation of prolactin signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.
activation of prolactin-mediated signaling pathway
activation of prolactin signaling pathway
positive regulation of PRL signaling pathway
positive regulation of prolactin-mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of prolactin-mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of prolactin-mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of prolactin-mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of prolactin signaling pathway
up regulation of prolactin signaling pathway
up-regulation of prolactin signaling pathway
negative regulation of prolactin signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.
down regulation of PRL signaling pathway
down-regulation of PRL signaling pathway
downregulation of prolactin-mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of prolactin-mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of prolactin-mediated signaling pathway
downregulation of prolactin signaling pathway
down regulation of prolactin signaling pathway
down-regulation of prolactin signaling pathway
inhibition of prolactin-mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of prolactin signaling pathway
negative regulation of PRL signaling pathway
negative regulation of prolactin-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway.
downregulation of IL-4-mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of IL-4-mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of IL-4-mediated signaling pathway
downregulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway
downregulation of interleukin-4-mediated signalling pathway
down regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signalling pathway
down-regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signalling pathway
inhibition of IL-4-mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of interleukin-4-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of IL-4-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signalling pathway
regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of IL-4-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of bacterial-type flagellum assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum assembly.
downregulation of bacterial flagellum assembly
down regulation of bacterial flagellum assembly
down-regulation of bacterial flagellum assembly
downregulation of bacterial-type flagellum assembly
down regulation of bacterial-type flagellum assembly
down-regulation of bacterial-type flagellum assembly
inhibition of bacterial flagellum assembly
inhibition of bacterial-type flagellum assembly
negative regulation of bacterial flagellum assembly
regulation of bacterial-type flagellum assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum assembly.
regulation of bacterial flagellum assembly
regulation of prolactin signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.
regulation of prolactin-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of bacterial-type flagellum assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum assembly.
activation of bacterial flagellum assembly
activation of bacterial-type flagellum assembly
positive regulation of bacterial flagellum assembly
upregulation of bacterial flagellum assembly
up regulation of bacterial flagellum assembly
up-regulation of bacterial flagellum assembly
upregulation of bacterial-type flagellum assembly
up regulation of bacterial-type flagellum assembly
up-regulation of bacterial-type flagellum assembly
positive regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine transmembrane transport.
activation of polyamine transmembrane transport
upregulation of polyamine transmembrane transport
up regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport
up-regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport
negative regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine transmembrane transport.
downregulation of polyamine transmembrane transport
down regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport
down-regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport
inhibition of polyamine transmembrane transport
The process in which (R)-carnitine is transported across a membrane.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of abscisic acid within an organism or cell.
regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine transmembrane transport.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of abscisic acid within a cell.
positive regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.
activation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
upregulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
up regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
up-regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
negative regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.
downregulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
down regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
down-regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
inhibition of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
apoptotic process involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis
Any apoptotic process that is involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis.
apoptosis involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis
apoptotic cell death involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis
apoptotic program involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis
apoptotic programmed cell death involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis
programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis
signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis
type I programmed cell death involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis
apoptotic process involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
Any apoptotic process that is involved in blood vessel morphogenesis.
apoptosis involved in patterning of blood vessels
apoptotic cell death involved in patterning of blood vessels
apoptotic program involved in patterning of blood vessels
apoptotic programmed cell death involved in patterning of blood vessels
programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in patterning of blood vessels
signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in patterning of blood vessels
type I programmed cell death involved in patterning of blood vessels
negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
downregulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
down regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
down-regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
downregulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
down regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
inhibition of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
inhibition of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
negative regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.
positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
activation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
activation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
positive regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
upregulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
up regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
up-regulation of apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
upregulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
up regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by signal transduction by p53 class mediator
regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
positive regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process.
activation of erythrocyte apoptotic process
activation of red blood cell apoptotic process
positive regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis
positive regulation of RBC apoptotic process
positive regulation of red blood cell apoptosis
positive regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process
upregulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process
up regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process
up-regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process
upregulation of red blood cell apoptosis
up regulation of red blood cell apoptosis
up-regulation of red blood cell apoptosis
upregulation of red blood cell apoptotic process
up regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process
up-regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.
activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator
activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by signal transduction by p53 class mediator
activation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by signal transduction by p53 class mediator
positive regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
upregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator
up regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator
up-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator
upregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by signal transduction by p53 class mediator
up regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by signal transduction by p53 class mediator
up-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by signal transduction by p53 class mediator
upregulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
up regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
up-regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.
downregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator
down regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator
down-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator
downregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by signal transduction by p53 class mediator
down regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by signal transduction by p53 class mediator
down-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by signal transduction by p53 class mediator
downregulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
down regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
down-regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
inhibition of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator
inhibition of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by signal transduction by p53 class mediator
inhibition of signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by signal transduction by p53 class mediator
negative regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate binding
Binding to 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate.
negative regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process.
down regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis
down-regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis
downregulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process
down regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process
down-regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process
down regulation of RBC apoptotic process
down-regulation of RBC apoptotic process
downregulation of red blood cell apoptosis
down regulation of red blood cell apoptosis
down-regulation of red blood cell apoptosis
downregulation of red blood cell apoptotic process
down regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process
down-regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process
inhibition of erythrocyte apoptotic process
inhibition of red blood cell apoptotic process
negative regulation of erythrocyte apoptosis
negative regulation of RBC apoptotic process
negative regulation of red blood cell apoptosis
negative regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process
regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process.
regulation of red blood cell apoptotic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cis-abienol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cis-abienol.
geranylgeranyl diphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cis-abienol.
copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-) metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-).
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.
activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator
upregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator
up regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator
up-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator
copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-) biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-).
copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-) catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-).
galactarate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of galactaric acid anion (galactarate) from one side of a membrane to the other.
D-galactarate transmembrane transporter activity
galactaric acid anion transmembrane transporter activity
The process in which galactaric acid anion (galactarate) is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
cell cycle DNA replication DNA unwinding
Any DNA unwinding that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA unwinding during replication involved in cell cycle DNA replication
DNA unwinding factor involved in cell cycle DNA replication
DNA unwinding involved in cell cycle DNA replication
DNA strand elongation involved in cell cycle DNA replication
Any DNA strand elongation that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA replication elongation involved in cell cycle DNA replication
DNA strand elongation during DNA replication involved in cell cycle DNA replication
pre-replicative complex assembly involved in cell cycle DNA replication
Any pre-replicative complex assembly that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
pre-RC assembly involved in cell cycle DNA replication
pre-replication complex assembly involved in cell cycle DNA replication
cell cycle DNA replication maintenance of fidelity
Any maintenance of fidelity that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
maintenance of fidelity during DNA-dependent DNA replication involved in cell cycle DNA replication
maintenance of fidelity involved in cell cycle DNA replication
Any DNA replication initiation that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation involved in cell cycle DNA replication
DNA endoreduplication initiation involved in cell cycle DNA replication
DNA replication initiation involved in cell cycle DNA replication
DNA re-replication initiation involved in cell cycle DNA replication
synthesis of RNA primer involved in cell cycle DNA replication
Any DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer involved in cell cycle DNA replication
replication priming involved in cell cycle DNA replication
Any DNA replication termination that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA replication termination involved in cell cycle DNA replication
negative regulation of defense response to oomycetes
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to oomycetes.
downregulation of defense response to oomycetes
down regulation of defense response to oomycetes
down-regulation of defense response to oomycetes
inhibition of defense response to oomycetes
regulation of defense response to oomycetes
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to oomycetes.
Any DNA ligation that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA ligation involved in cell cycle DNA replication
positive regulation of defense response to oomycetes
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to oomycetes.
activation of defense response to oomycetes
upregulation of defense response to oomycetes
up regulation of defense response to oomycetes
up-regulation of defense response to oomycetes
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in neuron projection guidance
Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in neuron projection guidance.
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in neurite guidance
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in neuronal cell projection guidance
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in neuron process guidance
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in neuron protrusion guidance
semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway involved in neurite guidance
semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway involved in neuronal cell projection guidance
semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway involved in neuron process guidance
semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway involved in neuron projection guidance
semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway involved in neuron protrusion guidance
neuron projection extension involved in neuron projection guidance
Any neuron projection extension that is involved in neuron projection guidance.
neurite extension involved in neurite guidance
neurite extension involved in neuronal cell projection guidance
neurite extension involved in neuron process guidance
neurite extension involved in neuron projection guidance
neurite extension involved in neuron protrusion guidance
neuronal cell projection extension involved in neurite guidance
neuronal cell projection extension involved in neuronal cell projection guidance
neuronal cell projection extension involved in neuron process guidance
neuronal cell projection extension involved in neuron projection guidance
neuronal cell projection extension involved in neuron protrusion guidance
neuron process extension involved in neurite guidance
neuron process extension involved in neuronal cell projection guidance
neuron process extension involved in neuron process guidance
neuron process extension involved in neuron projection guidance
neuron process extension involved in neuron protrusion guidance
neuron projection extension involved in neurite guidance
neuron projection extension involved in neuronal cell projection guidance
neuron projection extension involved in neuron process guidance
neuron projection extension involved in neuron protrusion guidance
neuron protrusion extension involved in neurite guidance
neuron protrusion extension involved in neuronal cell projection guidance
neuron protrusion extension involved in neuron process guidance
neuron protrusion extension involved in neuron projection guidance
neuron protrusion extension involved in neuron protrusion guidance
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in axon guidance
Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in axon chemotaxis
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in axon pathfinding
semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway involved in axon chemotaxis
semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway involved in axon guidance
semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway involved in axon pathfinding
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in dendrite guidance
Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in dendrite guidance.
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in dendritic guidance
semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway involved in dendrite guidance
semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway involved in dendritic guidance
negative regulation of RNA helicase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity.
downregulation of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity
down regulation of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity
down-regulation of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity
inhibition of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity
negative regulation of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity.
regulation of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity
negative regulation of primary amine oxidase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of primary amine oxidase activity.
downregulation of amine oxidase (copper-containing) activity
down regulation of amine oxidase (copper-containing) activity
down-regulation of amine oxidase (copper-containing) activity
downregulation of primary-amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
down regulation of primary-amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
down-regulation of primary-amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
downregulation of primary amine oxidase activity
down regulation of primary amine oxidase activity
down-regulation of primary amine oxidase activity
inhibition of amine oxidase (copper-containing) activity
inhibition of primary-amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
inhibition of primary amine oxidase activity
negative regulation of amine oxidase (copper-containing) activity
negative regulation of primary-amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a ventricular cardiomyocyte contributing to the repolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
voltage-dependent potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
voltage gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
voltage-sensitive potassium channel involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
negative regulation of pancreatic amylase secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic amylase secretion.
downregulation of pancreatic amylase secretion
down regulation of pancreatic amylase secretion
down-regulation of pancreatic amylase secretion
inhibition of pancreatic amylase secretion
regulation of pancreatic amylase secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic amylase secretion.
positive regulation of pancreatic amylase secretion by cholecystokinin signaling pathway
A cholecystokinin signaling pathway that results in positive regulation of pancreatic amylase secretion.
activation of pancreatic amylase secretion by cholecystokinin signaling pathway
CCK-induced amylase release in pancreatic cell
CCK-mediated pancreatic amylase secretion
CCK-stimulated pancreatic amylase release
cholecystokinin-mediated pancreatic amylase secretion
upregulation of pancreatic amylase secretion by cholecystokinin signaling pathway
up regulation of pancreatic amylase secretion by cholecystokinin signaling pathway
up-regulation of pancreatic amylase secretion by cholecystokinin signaling pathway
positive regulation of pancreatic amylase secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic amylase secretion.
activation of pancreatic amylase secretion
upregulation of pancreatic amylase secretion
up regulation of pancreatic amylase secretion
up-regulation of pancreatic amylase secretion
negative regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport.
downregulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport
down regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport
down-regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport
inhibition of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport
regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization.
regulation of chromatin assembly/disassembly
regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
positive regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport.
activation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport
upregulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport
up regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport
up-regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport
Any DNA ligation that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA ligation involved in DNA replication during S phase
DNA ligation involved in DNA replication involved in S phase
DNA ligation involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase
DNA ligation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
bacterial-type DNA replication DNA duplex unwinding
Any DNA duplex unwinding that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.
DNA duplex unwinding involved in bacterial-type DNA replication
DNA unwinding involved in bacterial-type DNA replication
duplex DNA melting involved in bacterial-type DNA replication
obsolete positive chemotaxis involved in neuron migration
OBSOLETE. Any positive chemotaxis that is involved in neuron migration.
fructose export from vacuole to cytoplasm
The directed movement of fructose from vacuole to cytoplasm.
fructose transport from vacuole to cytoplasm
bacterial-type DNA replication termination
Any DNA replication termination that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.
DNA replication termination involved in bacterial-type DNA replication
bacterial-type DNA replication initiation
Any DNA replication initiation that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.
DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation involved in bacterial-type DNA replication
DNA endoreduplication initiation involved in bacterial-type DNA replication
DNA replication initiation involved in bacterial-type DNA replication
DNA re-replication initiation involved in bacterial-type DNA replication
obsolete DNA strand elongation involved in bacterial-type DNA replication
OBSOLETE. Any DNA strand elongation that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.
synthesis of RNA primer involved in bacterial-type DNA replication
Any synthesis of RNA primer that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.
replication priming involved in bacterial-type DNA replication
negative regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chlorophyll biosynthetic process.
down regulation of chlorophyll anabolism
down-regulation of chlorophyll anabolism
downregulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis
down regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis
down-regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis
downregulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process
down regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process
down-regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process
down regulation of chlorophyll formation
down-regulation of chlorophyll formation
down regulation of chlorophyll synthesis
down-regulation of chlorophyll synthesis
inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthetic process
negative regulation of chlorophyll anabolism
negative regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis
negative regulation of chlorophyll formation
negative regulation of chlorophyll synthesis
positive regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process.
activation of methyl-branched fatty acid anabolism
activation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthesis
activation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process
activation of methyl-branched fatty acid formation
activation of methyl-branched fatty acid synthesis
positive regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid anabolism
positive regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthesis
positive regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid formation
positive regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid synthesis
upregulation of methyl-branched fatty acid anabolism
up regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid anabolism
up-regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid anabolism
upregulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthesis
up regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthesis
up-regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthesis
upregulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process
up regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process
up-regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process
upregulation of methyl-branched fatty acid formation
up regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid formation
up-regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid formation
upregulation of methyl-branched fatty acid synthesis
up regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid synthesis
up-regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid synthesis
bacterial-type DNA replication DNA ligation
Any DNA ligation that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.
DNA ligation involved in bacterial-type DNA replication
positive regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chlorophyll biosynthetic process.
activation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process
positive regulation of chlorophyll anabolism
positive regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis
positive regulation of chlorophyll formation
positive regulation of chlorophyll synthesis
upregulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis
up regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis
up-regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis
upregulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process
up regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process
up-regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process
methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methyl-branched fatty acid.
nuclear DNA replication DNA duplex unwinding
Any DNA duplex unwinding that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA duplex unwinding involved in DNA replication during S phase
DNA duplex unwinding involved in DNA replication involved in S phase
DNA duplex unwinding involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase
DNA duplex unwinding involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
DNA unwinding involved in DNA replication during S phase
DNA unwinding involved in DNA replication involved in S phase
DNA unwinding involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase
DNA unwinding involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
duplex DNA melting involved in DNA replication during S phase
duplex DNA melting involved in DNA replication involved in S phase
duplex DNA melting involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase
negative regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process.
downregulation of methyl-branched fatty acid anabolism
down regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid anabolism
down-regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid anabolism
downregulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthesis
down regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthesis
down-regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthesis
downregulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process
down regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process
down-regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process
downregulation of methyl-branched fatty acid formation
down regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid formation
down-regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid formation
downregulation of methyl-branched fatty acid synthesis
down regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid synthesis
down-regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid synthesis
inhibition of methyl-branched fatty acid anabolism
inhibition of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthesis
inhibition of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process
inhibition of methyl-branched fatty acid formation
inhibition of methyl-branched fatty acid synthesis
negative regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid anabolism
negative regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthesis
negative regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid formation
negative regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid synthesis
regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process.
regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid anabolism
regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthesis
regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid formation
regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid synthesis
Any DNA replication termination that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA replication termination involved in DNA replication during S phase
DNA replication termination involved in DNA replication involved in S phase
DNA replication termination involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase
DNA replication termination involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
DNA strand elongation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
Any DNA strand elongation that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication during S phase
DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication involved in S phase
DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase
synthesis of RNA primer involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
Any synthesis of RNA primer that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer involved in DNA replication during S phase
DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer involved in DNA replication involved in S phase
DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase
replication priming involved in DNA replication during S phase
replication priming involved in DNA replication involved in S phase
replication priming involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase
replication priming involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
positive regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of copper ion transmembrane transport.
activation of copper cation transmembrane transport
activation of copper ion membrane transport
activation of copper ion transmembrane transport
positive regulation of copper cation transmembrane transport
positive regulation of copper ion membrane transport
upregulation of copper cation transmembrane transport
up regulation of copper cation transmembrane transport
up-regulation of copper cation transmembrane transport
upregulation of copper ion membrane transport
up regulation of copper ion membrane transport
up-regulation of copper ion membrane transport
upregulation of copper ion transmembrane transport
up regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport
up-regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport
negative regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of copper ion transmembrane transport.
downregulation of copper cation transmembrane transport
down regulation of copper cation transmembrane transport
down-regulation of copper cation transmembrane transport
downregulation of copper ion membrane transport
down regulation of copper ion membrane transport
down-regulation of copper ion membrane transport
downregulation of copper ion transmembrane transport
down regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport
down-regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport
inhibition of copper cation transmembrane transport
inhibition of copper ion membrane transport
inhibition of copper ion transmembrane transport
negative regulation of copper cation transmembrane transport
negative regulation of copper ion membrane transport
nuclear cell cycle DNA replication initiation
Any DNA replication initiation that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA endoreduplication initiation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
DNA replication initiation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
DNA re-replication initiation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
negative regulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation.
downregulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation
down regulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation
down-regulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation
inhibition of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation
regulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation.
regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of copper ion transmembrane transport.
regulation of copper cation transmembrane transport
regulation of copper ion membrane transport
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation.
activation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation
upregulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation
up regulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation
up-regulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation
regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport.
regulation of sodium ion membrane transport
positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport.
activation of sodium ion membrane transport
activation of sodium ion transmembrane transport
positive regulation of sodium ion membrane transport
upregulation of sodium ion membrane transport
up regulation of sodium ion membrane transport
up-regulation of sodium ion membrane transport
upregulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport
up regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport
up-regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport
negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport.
downregulation of sodium ion membrane transport
down regulation of sodium ion membrane transport
down-regulation of sodium ion membrane transport
downregulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport
down regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport
down-regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport
inhibition of sodium ion membrane transport
inhibition of sodium ion transmembrane transport
negative regulation of sodium ion membrane transport
positive regulation of protein localization to spindle pole body
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to spindle pole body.
activation of protein localisation to spindle pole body
activation of protein localization to spindle pole body
positive regulation of protein localisation to spindle pole body
upregulation of protein localisation to spindle pole body
up regulation of protein localisation to spindle pole body
up-regulation of protein localisation to spindle pole body
upregulation of protein localization to spindle pole body
up regulation of protein localization to spindle pole body
up-regulation of protein localization to spindle pole body
negative regulation of protein localization to spindle pole body
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to spindle pole body.
downregulation of protein localisation to spindle pole body
down regulation of protein localisation to spindle pole body
down-regulation of protein localisation to spindle pole body
downregulation of protein localization to spindle pole body
down regulation of protein localization to spindle pole body
down-regulation of protein localization to spindle pole body
inhibition of protein localisation to spindle pole body
inhibition of protein localization to spindle pole body
negative regulation of protein localisation to spindle pole body
negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis.
downregulation of Notch receptor signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
downregulation of Notch-receptor signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
down regulation of Notch receptor signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
down regulation of Notch-receptor signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
down-regulation of Notch receptor signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
down-regulation of Notch-receptor signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
downregulation of Notch receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
downregulation of Notch-receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
down regulation of Notch receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
down regulation of Notch-receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
down-regulation of Notch receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
down-regulation of Notch-receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
downregulation of Notch receptor signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
downregulation of Notch-receptor signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
down regulation of Notch receptor signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
down regulation of Notch-receptor signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
down-regulation of Notch receptor signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
down-regulation of Notch-receptor signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
downregulation of Notch receptor signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
downregulation of Notch-receptor signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
down regulation of Notch receptor signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
down regulation of Notch-receptor signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
down-regulation of Notch receptor signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
down-regulation of Notch-receptor signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
downregulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
down regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
down-regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
downregulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
down regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
down-regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
downregulation of Notch signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
down regulation of Notch signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
down-regulation of Notch signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
downregulation of Notch signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
down regulation of Notch signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
down-regulation of Notch signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
downregulation of N signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
down regulation of N signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
down-regulation of N signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
downregulation of N signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
down regulation of N signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
down-regulation of N signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
downregulation of N signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
down regulation of N signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
down-regulation of N signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
downregulation of N signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
down regulation of N signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
down-regulation of N signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
inhibition of Notch receptor signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
inhibition of Notch-receptor signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
inhibition of Notch receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
inhibition of Notch-receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
inhibition of Notch receptor signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
inhibition of Notch-receptor signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
inhibition of Notch receptor signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
inhibition of Notch-receptor signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
inhibition of Notch signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
inhibition of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
inhibition of Notch signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
inhibition of Notch signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
inhibition of N signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
inhibition of N signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
inhibition of N signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
inhibition of N signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
negative regulation of Notch receptor signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
negative regulation of Notch-receptor signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
negative regulation of Notch receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
negative regulation of Notch-receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
negative regulation of Notch receptor signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
negative regulation of Notch-receptor signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
negative regulation of Notch receptor signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
negative regulation of Notch-receptor signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
negative regulation of Notch signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
negative regulation of Notch signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
negative regulation of N signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
negative regulation of N signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
negative regulation of N signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
negative regulation of N signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis.
regulation of Notch receptor signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
regulation of Notch-receptor signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
regulation of Notch receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
regulation of Notch-receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
regulation of Notch receptor signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
regulation of Notch-receptor signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
regulation of Notch receptor signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
regulation of Notch-receptor signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
regulation of Notch signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
regulation of Notch signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
regulation of N signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
regulation of N signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
regulation of N signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
regulation of N signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
obsolete conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA involved in gene silencing by small RNA
OBSOLETE. Any conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA that is involved in gene silencing by small RNA.
regulation of protein localization to spindle pole body
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to spindle pole body.
regulation of protein localisation to spindle pole body
Any apoptotic process in a melanocyte, the main structural component of the epidermis.
2-isopropylmalate(2-) transmembrane transport
The process in which 2-isopropylmalate(2-) is transported across a membrane.
oxaloacetate(2-) transmembrane transport
The directed movement of oxaloacetate(2-) across a membrane.
Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
Any Notch signaling pathway that is involved in somitogenesis.
Notch receptor signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
Notch-receptor signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
Notch receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
Notch-receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
Notch receptor signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
Notch-receptor signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
Notch receptor signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
Notch-receptor signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
Notch signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
Notch signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
Notch signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
N signaling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
N signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
N signalling pathway involved in formation of mesodermal clusters
N signalling pathway involved in somitogenesis
The directed movement of sulfate across a membrane.
obsolete positive regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones that results in positive regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion.
obsolete negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.
endothelial tube lumen extension involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment
Any endothelial tube lumen extension that is involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment.
blood vessel endothelial cell delamination involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment
Any blood vessel endothelial cell delamination that is involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloroquine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a strigolactone stimulus.
cellular response to strigolactone analog GR24
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an imidacloprid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloroquine stimulus.
positive regulation of maltose transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltose transport.
negative regulation of maltose transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltose transport.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a strigolactone stimulus.
meiotic strand displacement involved in double-strand break repair via SDSA
Any meiotic strand displacement that is involved in double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA).
meiotic displacement loop dissociation involved in double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing
meiotic displacement loop dissociation involved in mitotic gene conversion
meiotic displacement loop processing involved in double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing
meiotic displacement loop processing involved in mitotic gene conversion
meiotic D-loop dissociation involved in double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing
meiotic D-loop dissociation involved in mitotic gene conversion
meiotic D-loop processing involved in double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing
meiotic D-loop processing involved in mitotic gene conversion
meiotic strand displacement involved in double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing
meiotic strand displacement involved in mitotic gene conversion
meiotic strand displacement involved in SDSA
The directed movement of a xylitol across a membrane. Xylitol is a polyalcohol (pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol), produced by hydrogenation of xylose.
negative regulation of chromosome condensation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation.
downregulation of chromosome condensation
down regulation of chromosome condensation
down-regulation of chromosome condensation
downregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation
down regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation
down-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation
downregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation
down regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation
down-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation
inhibition of eukaryotic chromosome condensation
inhibition of nuclear chromosome condensation
negative regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation
negative regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltose transport.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of xylitol out of a cell or organelle.
regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.
regulation of apoptosis involved in development
regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis
positive regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance.
activation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance
activation of retinal ganglion cell axon pathfinding
positive regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon pathfinding
upregulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance
up regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance
up-regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance
upregulation of retinal ganglion cell axon pathfinding
up regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon pathfinding
up-regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon pathfinding
positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.
activation of apoptosis involved in development
activation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis
activation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis
positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development
positive regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis
positive regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis
upregulation of apoptosis involved in development
up regulation of apoptosis involved in development
up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development
upregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis
up regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis
up-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis
upregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis
up regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis
up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis
up regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis
up-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis
negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.
downregulation of apoptosis involved in development
down regulation of apoptosis involved in development
down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development
downregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis
down regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis
down-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis
downregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis
down regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis
down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis
downregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis
down regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis
down-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis
inhibition of apoptosis involved in development
inhibition of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis
inhibition of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis
negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development
negative regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis
negative regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint
OBSOLETE. Any detection of stimulus that is involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint.
protein localization to bicellular tight junction
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a bicellular tight junction.
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint
OBSOLETE. Any detection of stimulus that is involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint.
negative regulation of exodeoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exodeoxyribonuclease activity.
downregulation of exodeoxyribonuclease activity
down regulation of exodeoxyribonuclease activity
down-regulation of exodeoxyribonuclease activity
inhibition of exodeoxyribonuclease activity
regulation of exodeoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exodeoxyribonuclease activity.
regulation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity.
regulation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate pyruvate-lyase (carboxylating) activity
regulation of 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity
regulation of pyruvate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
positive regulation of exodeoxyribonuclease activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exodeoxyribonuclease activity.
activation of exodeoxyribonuclease activity
upregulation of exodeoxyribonuclease activity
up regulation of exodeoxyribonuclease activity
up-regulation of exodeoxyribonuclease activity
The directed movement of a ceramide 1-phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Removes a ceramide 1-phosphate from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.
ceramide 1-phosphate transporter activity
intermembrane ceramide 1-phosphate transfer activity
positive regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation.
activation of N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation
upregulation of N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation
up regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation
up-regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation
regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycyrrhetinate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycyrrhetinate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycyrrhetinate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 11-oxo-beta-amyrin.
positive regulation of endoribonuclease activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoribonuclease activity.
positive regulation of endonuclease G activity
up regulation of endonuclease G activity
up-regulation of endonuclease G activity
upregulation of endoribonuclease activity
up regulation of endoribonuclease activity
up-regulation of endoribonuclease activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 11-oxo-beta-amyrin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 11-oxo-beta-amyrin.
obsolete protein denaturation involved in proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any protein denaturation that is involved in proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
chemoattractant activity involved in axon guidance
Any chemoattractant activity that is involved in axon guidance.
chemoattractant activity involved in axon chemotaxis
chemoattractant activity involved in axon growth cone guidance
chemoattractant activity involved in axon pathfinding
VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway involved in axon guidance
Any VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.
vascular endothelial growth factor-activated neuropilin signaling pathway involved in axon chemotaxis
vascular endothelial growth factor-activated neuropilin signaling pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
vascular endothelial growth factor-activated neuropilin signaling pathway involved in axon guidance
vascular endothelial growth factor-activated neuropilin signaling pathway involved in axon pathfinding
VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway involved in axon chemotaxis
VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway involved in axon pathfinding
VEGF-Npn-1 signaling involved in axon chemotaxis
VEGF-Npn-1 signaling involved in axon growth cone guidance
VEGF-Npn-1 signaling involved in axon guidance
VEGF-Npn-1 signaling involved in axon pathfinding
negative regulation of mRNA catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA catabolic process.
downregulation of mRNA catabolic process
down regulation of mRNA catabolic process
down-regulation of mRNA catabolic process
positive regulation of tRNA catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA catabolic process.
nuclear tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage, endonucleolytic
Any tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage, endonucleolytic that takes place in nucleus.
endonucleolytic tRNA 3'-end cleavage in cell nucleus
endonucleolytic tRNA 3'-end cleavage in nucleus
endonucleolytic tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage in cell nucleus
endonucleolytic tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage in nucleus
tRNA 3'-end cleavage, endonucleolytic in cell nucleus
tRNA 3'-end cleavage, endonucleolytic in nucleus
tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage, endonucleolytic in cell nucleus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA catabolic process.
negative regulation of RNA catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA catabolic process.
down regulation of RNA catabolic process
down-regulation of RNA catabolic process
negative regulation of tRNA catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA catabolic process.
downregulation of tRNA catabolic process
down regulation of tRNA catabolic process
down-regulation of tRNA catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA catabolic process.
positive regulation of water channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of water channel activity.
negative regulation of water channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of water channel activity.
downregulation of water channel activity
down regulation of water channel activity
down-regulation of water channel activity
negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta formation.
downregulation of beta-amyloid formation
down regulation of beta-amyloid formation
down-regulation of beta-amyloid formation
negative regulation of beta-amyloid formation
positive regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation.
activation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during mitosis
activation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitosis
activation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation
activation of attachment of spindle microtubules to mitotic chromosome
activation of mitotic bipolar attachment
positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during mitosis
positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitosis
positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation
positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to mitotic chromosome
positive regulation of mitotic bipolar attachment
upregulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during mitosis
up regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during mitosis
up-regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during mitosis
upregulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitosis
up regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitosis
up-regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitosis
upregulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation
up regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation
up-regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation
upregulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to mitotic chromosome
up regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to mitotic chromosome
up-regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to mitotic chromosome
upregulation of mitotic bipolar attachment
up regulation of mitotic bipolar attachment
up-regulation of mitotic bipolar attachment
negative regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation.
downregulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during mitosis
down regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during mitosis
down-regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during mitosis
downregulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitosis
down regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitosis
down-regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitosis
downregulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation
down regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation
down-regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation
downregulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to mitotic chromosome
down regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to mitotic chromosome
down-regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to mitotic chromosome
downregulation of mitotic bipolar attachment
down regulation of mitotic bipolar attachment
down-regulation of mitotic bipolar attachment
inhibition of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during mitosis
inhibition of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitosis
inhibition of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation
inhibition of attachment of spindle microtubules to mitotic chromosome
inhibition of mitotic bipolar attachment
negative regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during mitosis
negative regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitosis
negative regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation
negative regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to mitotic chromosome
negative regulation of mitotic attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
negative regulation of mitotic bipolar attachment
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of water channel activity.
deactivation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint
A positive regulation of the mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition that results from deactivation of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint.
downregulation of Mad2-dependent checkpoint
down regulation of Mad2-dependent checkpoint
down-regulation of Mad2-dependent checkpoint
downregulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint
down regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint
down-regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint
downregulation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint
down regulation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint
down-regulation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint
inhibition of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint
inhibition of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint
mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint silencing
negative regulation of Mad2-dependent checkpoint
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint
negative regulation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint
The chemical reactions and pathways involving H2 (dihydrogen).
regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation.
regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during mitosis
regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitosis
regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation
regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to mitotic chromosome
regulation of mitotic attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
regulation of mitotic bipolar attachment
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of H2 (dihydrogen).
(+)-abscisic acid D-glucopyranosyl ester transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of (+)-abscisic acid D-glucopyranosyl ester from one side of a membrane to the other.
ABA-GE transmembrane transporter activity
abscisic acid glucosyl ester transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.
(+)-abscisic acid D-glucopyranosyl ester transmembrane transport
The process in which (+)-abscisic acid D-glucopyranosyl este is transported across a membrane.
abscisic acid glucosyl ester transmembrane transport
negative regulation of mitotic cytokinesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis.
downregulation of cytokinesis after mitosis
down regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis
down-regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis
negative regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cell junction.
mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning
The process in which a contractile ring is positioned in a specific location during the mitotic cell cycle. This process is critical for both for both symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions.
Any cytokinetic process that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization
Any actomyosin contractile ring localization that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
contractile ring localisation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
contractile ring localization involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction
Any actomyosin contractile ring contraction that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
contractile ring contraction involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
cytokinesis, actomyosin ring contraction involved in mitotic cell cycle
mitotic actomyosin contractile ring constriction
assembly of actomyosin apparatus involved in mitotic cytokinesis
Any assembly of mitotic cytokinetic actomyosin apparatus.
actomyosin apparatus assembly involved in cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
cytokinesis, formation of actomyosin apparatus involved in mitotic cell cycle
formation of actomyosin apparatus involved in cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
mitotic actomyosin contractile ring maintenance
Any actomyosin contractile ring maintenance that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
contractile ring maintenance involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
cytokinesis, contractile ring maintenance, involved in cytokinesis during cell cycle involved in mitotic cell cycle
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
OBSOLETE. Any detection of stimulus that is involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.
negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.
downregulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
down regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
down-regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
inhibition of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
negative regulation of MSC proliferation
regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.
protein localization to cell leading edge
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cell leading edge.
protein localisation in cell leading edge
protein localisation to cell leading edge
protein localization in cell leading edge
positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.
activation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
positive regulation of MSC proliferation
upregulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
up regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
up-regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal opening.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal opening.
positive regulation of stem cell population maintenance
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.
activation of maintenance of pluripotency
positive regulation of maintenance of pluripotency
upregulation of maintenance of pluripotency
up regulation of maintenance of pluripotency
up-regulation of maintenance of pluripotency
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal opening.
negative regulation of stem cell population maintenance
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.
downregulation of maintenance of pluripotency
down regulation of maintenance of pluripotency
down-regulation of maintenance of pluripotency
down regulation of stem cell maintenance
down-regulation of stem cell maintenance
inhibition of maintenance of pluripotency
negative regulation of maintenance of pluripotency
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of shade avoidance.
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in programmed necrotic cell death
Any regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in programmed necrotic cell death.
regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in programmed necrotic cell death
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of shade avoidance.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shade avoidance.
protein localization to meiotic spindle pole body
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a meiotic spindle pole body.
establishment of protein localization to meiotic spindle pole body
protein localisation in meiotic spindle pole body
protein localisation to meiotic spindle pole body
protein localization in meiotic spindle pole body
protein location to meiotic spindle pole body
protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mitotic spindle pole body.
establishment of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body
protein localisation in mitotic spindle pole body
protein localisation to mitotic spindle pole body
protein localization in mitotic spindle pole body
negative regulation of ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ripoptosome assembly involved in a necroptotic process.
downregulation of ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptosis
down regulation of ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptosis
down-regulation of ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptosis
inhibition of ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptosis
negative regulation of ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptosis
regulation of ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ripoptosome assembly involved in a necroptotic process.
regulation of ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptosis
positive regulation of male mating behavior
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior.
negative regulation of male mating behavior
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vanadate(3-) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vanadate(3-) stimulus.
positive regulation of water channel activity involved in maintenance of lens transparency
Any positive regulation of water channel activity that is involved in maintenance of lens transparency.
activation of aquaporin involved in maintenance of lens transparency
activation of aquaporin involved in maintenance of ocular lens transparency
activation of aquaporin involved in preservation of lens transparency
activation of water channel activity involved in maintenance of lens transparency
activation of water channel activity involved in maintenance of ocular lens transparency
activation of water channel activity involved in preservation of lens transparency
aquaporin activation involved in maintenance of lens transparency
aquaporin activation involved in maintenance of ocular lens transparency
aquaporin activation involved in preservation of lens transparency
positive regulation of aquaporin involved in maintenance of lens transparency
positive regulation of aquaporin involved in maintenance of ocular lens transparency
positive regulation of aquaporin involved in preservation of lens transparency
positive regulation of water channel activity involved in maintenance of ocular lens transparency
positive regulation of water channel activity involved in preservation of lens transparency
upregulation of aquaporin involved in maintenance of lens transparency
up regulation of aquaporin involved in maintenance of lens transparency
up-regulation of aquaporin involved in maintenance of lens transparency
upregulation of aquaporin involved in maintenance of ocular lens transparency
up regulation of aquaporin involved in maintenance of ocular lens transparency
up-regulation of aquaporin involved in maintenance of ocular lens transparency
upregulation of aquaporin involved in preservation of lens transparency
up regulation of aquaporin involved in preservation of lens transparency
up-regulation of aquaporin involved in preservation of lens transparency
upregulation of water channel activity involved in maintenance of lens transparency
up regulation of water channel activity involved in maintenance of lens transparency
up-regulation of water channel activity involved in maintenance of lens transparency
upregulation of water channel activity involved in maintenance of ocular lens transparency
up regulation of water channel activity involved in maintenance of ocular lens transparency
up-regulation of water channel activity involved in maintenance of ocular lens transparency
upregulation of water channel activity involved in preservation of lens transparency
up regulation of water channel activity involved in preservation of lens transparency
up-regulation of water channel activity involved in preservation of lens transparency
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a division septum.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior.
The directed movement of sulfate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
A protein complex which is capable of acetyltransferase activity.
positive regulation of sperm capacitation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sperm capacitation.
A transmembrane protein complex which enables the transfer of a substance from one side of a membrane to the other.
A protein complex which is capable of catalytic activity.
Any apoptotic process in a cholangiocyte.
epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process
negative regulation of sperm capacitation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sperm capacitation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sperm capacitation.
Any apoptotic process in a Sertoli cell.
protein localization to non-growing cell tip
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a non-growing cell tip.
protein localisation in non-growing cell tip
protein localisation to non-growing cell tip
protein localization in non-growing cell tip
protein localization to growing cell tip
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a growing cell tip.
protein localisation in growing cell tip
protein localisation to growing cell tip
protein localization in growing cell tip
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a gamma-tubulin complex.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mitotic spindle.
Any pyroptotic process in a cytotoxic T cell.
cytotoxic T lymphocyte apoptotic process
cytotoxic T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
Any apoptotic process in a regulatory T cell.
regulatory T lymphocyte apoptotic process
regulatory T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
The process in which chloride is transported across a membrane.
regulation of protein localization to synapse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to synapse.
regulation of protein localisation to synapse
regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning.
regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, site selection
L-alpha-amino acid transmembrane transport
The directed movement of L-alpha-amino acid across a membrane.
positive regulation of protein localization to synapse
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to synapse.
activation of protein localisation to synapse
activation of protein localization to synapse
positive regulation of protein localisation to synapse
upregulation of protein localisation to synapse
up regulation of protein localisation to synapse
up-regulation of protein localisation to synapse
upregulation of protein localization to synapse
up regulation of protein localization to synapse
up-regulation of protein localization to synapse
regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization.
negative regulation of histone H3-K27 trimethylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K27 trimethylation.
downregulation of histone H3-K27 trimethylation
down regulation of histone H3-K27 trimethylation
down-regulation of histone H3-K27 trimethylation
inhibition of histone H3-K27 trimethylation
regulation of histone H3-K27 trimethylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K27 trimethylation.
positive regulation of histone H3-K27 trimethylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K27 trimethylation.
activation of histone H3-K27 trimethylation
upregulation of histone H3-K27 trimethylation
up regulation of histone H3-K27 trimethylation
up-regulation of histone H3-K27 trimethylation
regulation of protein monoubiquitination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein monoubiquitination.
regulation of protein monoubiquitinylation
regulation of protein monoubiquitylation
positive regulation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein K48-linked ubiquitination.
activation of protein K48-linked polyubiquitination
activation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination
positive regulation of protein K48-linked polyubiquitination
upregulation of protein K48-linked polyubiquitination
up regulation of protein K48-linked polyubiquitination
up-regulation of protein K48-linked polyubiquitination
upregulation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination
up regulation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination
up-regulation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination
positive regulation of protein monoubiquitination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein monoubiquitination.
activation of protein monoubiquitination
activation of protein monoubiquitinylation
activation of protein monoubiquitylation
positive regulation of protein monoubiquitinylation
positive regulation of protein monoubiquitylation
upregulation of protein monoubiquitination
up regulation of protein monoubiquitination
up-regulation of protein monoubiquitination
upregulation of protein monoubiquitinylation
up regulation of protein monoubiquitinylation
up-regulation of protein monoubiquitinylation
upregulation of protein monoubiquitylation
up regulation of protein monoubiquitylation
up-regulation of protein monoubiquitylation
negative regulation of protein monoubiquitination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein monoubiquitination.
downregulation of protein monoubiquitination
down regulation of protein monoubiquitination
down-regulation of protein monoubiquitination
downregulation of protein monoubiquitinylation
down regulation of protein monoubiquitinylation
down-regulation of protein monoubiquitinylation
downregulation of protein monoubiquitylation
down regulation of protein monoubiquitylation
down-regulation of protein monoubiquitylation
inhibition of protein monoubiquitination
inhibition of protein monoubiquitinylation
inhibition of protein monoubiquitylation
negative regulation of protein monoubiquitinylation
negative regulation of protein monoubiquitylation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an etoposide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a doxorubicin stimulus.
positive regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination.
activation of protein K63-linked polyubiquitination
activation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination
positive regulation of protein K63-linked polyubiquitination
upregulation of protein K63-linked polyubiquitination
up regulation of protein K63-linked polyubiquitination
up-regulation of protein K63-linked polyubiquitination
upregulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination
up regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination
up-regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4'-epidoxorubicin stimulus.
glycerol-3-phosphate-transporting ATPase complex
A protein complex which is capable of glycerol-3-phosphate-transporting ATPase activity.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a docetaxel trihydrate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclophosphamide stimulus.
regulation of organelle transport along microtubule
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle transport along microtubule.
regulation of microtubule-based organelle localization
positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.
activation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation
activation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis
activation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis
activation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change
activation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis
positive regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis
positive regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis
positive regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change
positive regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis
upregulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation
up regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation
up-regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation
upregulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis
up regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis
up-regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis
upregulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis
up regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis
up-regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis
upregulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change
up regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change
up-regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change
upregulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis
up regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis
up-regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis
A protein complex which is capable of thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity.
regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of generation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel.
regulation of generation of L-type calcium current
A protein complex which is capable of methionine-importing activity.
A protein complex which is capable of 2-iminoacetate synthase activity.
negative regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.
downregulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation
down regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation
down-regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation
downregulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis
down regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis
down-regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis
downregulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis
down regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis
down-regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis
downregulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change
down regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change
down-regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change
downregulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis
down regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis
down-regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis
inhibition of apoptotic DNA fragmentation
inhibition of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis
inhibition of DNA catabolism during apoptosis
inhibition of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change
inhibition of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis
negative regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis
negative regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis
negative regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change
negative regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis
regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.
regulation of DNA catabolic process during apoptosis
regulation of DNA catabolism during apoptosis
regulation of DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change
regulation of endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis
A protein complex which is capable of thiazole synthase activity.
Any HOPS complex that is part of a lysosomal membrane.
Any HOPS complex that is part of a vacuolar membrane.
A protein complex which is capable of adenylyltransferase activity.
Any HOPS complex that is part of a multivesicular body membrane.
multivesicular body membrane HOPS complex
iron-sulfur cluster transmembrane transport
A process in which an iron-sulfur cluster is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
obsolete protein binding involved in negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase
OBSOLETE. Any protein binding that is involved in negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase.
positive regulation of protein autoubiquitination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination.
activation of protein autoubiquitination
activation of protein auto-ubiquitination
activation of protein autoubiquitinylation
activation of protein auto-ubiquitinylation
activation of protein self-ubiquitination
activation of protein self-ubiquitinylation
positive regulation of protein auto-ubiquitination
positive regulation of protein autoubiquitinylation
positive regulation of protein auto-ubiquitinylation
positive regulation of protein self-ubiquitination
positive regulation of protein self-ubiquitinylation
upregulation of protein autoubiquitination
upregulation of protein auto-ubiquitination
up regulation of protein autoubiquitination
up regulation of protein auto-ubiquitination
up-regulation of protein autoubiquitination
up-regulation of protein auto-ubiquitination
upregulation of protein autoubiquitinylation
upregulation of protein auto-ubiquitinylation
up regulation of protein autoubiquitinylation
up regulation of protein auto-ubiquitinylation
up-regulation of protein autoubiquitinylation
up-regulation of protein auto-ubiquitinylation
upregulation of protein self-ubiquitination
up regulation of protein self-ubiquitination
up-regulation of protein self-ubiquitination
upregulation of protein self-ubiquitinylation
up regulation of protein self-ubiquitinylation
up-regulation of protein self-ubiquitinylation
regulation of protein autoubiquitination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination.
regulation of protein auto-ubiquitination
regulation of protein autoubiquitinylation
regulation of protein auto-ubiquitinylation
regulation of protein self-ubiquitination
regulation of protein self-ubiquitinylation
5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of 5'-adenylyl sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other.
phosphatidylinositol transporter complex
A protein complex which is capable of phosphatidylinositol transporter activity.
3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transport
The process in which 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate is transported across a membrane.
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transmembrane transport
5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transport
The process in which 5'-adenylyl sulfate is transported across a membrane.
adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transmembrane transport
positive regulation of catalase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of catalase activity.
activation of bacterial catalase-peroxidase activity
activation of catalase-peroxidase activity
activation of hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
activation of manganese catalase activity
positive regulation of bacterial catalase-peroxidase activity
positive regulation of caperase activity
positive regulation of catalase-peroxidase activity
positive regulation of catalase reaction
positive regulation of equilase activity
positive regulation of haem catalase activity
positive regulation of heme catalase activity
positive regulation of hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of manganese catalase activity
positive regulation of optidase activity
upregulation of bacterial catalase-peroxidase activity
up regulation of bacterial catalase-peroxidase activity
up-regulation of bacterial catalase-peroxidase activity
upregulation of catalase-peroxidase activity
up regulation of catalase-peroxidase activity
up-regulation of catalase-peroxidase activity
upregulation of hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
upregulation of manganese catalase activity
up regulation of manganese catalase activity
up-regulation of manganese catalase activity
negative regulation of catalase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of catalase activity.
downregulation of bacterial catalase-peroxidase activity
down regulation of bacterial catalase-peroxidase activity
down-regulation of bacterial catalase-peroxidase activity
downregulation of catalase-peroxidase activity
down regulation of catalase-peroxidase activity
down-regulation of catalase-peroxidase activity
downregulation of haem catalase activity
down regulation of haem catalase activity
down-regulation of haem catalase activity
downregulation of heme catalase activity
down regulation of heme catalase activity
down-regulation of heme catalase activity
downregulation of hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of manganese catalase activity
down regulation of manganese catalase activity
down-regulation of manganese catalase activity
inhibition of bacterial catalase-peroxidase activity
inhibition of catalase-peroxidase activity
inhibition of hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of manganese catalase activity
negative regulation of bacterial catalase-peroxidase activity
negative regulation of caperase activity
negative regulation of catalase-peroxidase activity
negative regulation of catalase reaction
negative regulation of equilase activity
negative regulation of haem catalase activity
negative regulation of heme catalase activity
negative regulation of hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of manganese catalase activity
negative regulation of optidase activity
A protein complex which is capable of endoribonuclease activity.
A protein complex which is capable of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
protein localization to Mei2 nuclear dot
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Mei2 nuclear dot.
protein localisation in Mei2 nuclear dot
protein localisation to Mei2 nuclear dot
protein localization in Mei2 nuclear dot
negative regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.
downregulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor
down regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor
down-regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor
downregulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus
down regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus
down-regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus
downregulation of cellular response to VEGF
down regulation of cellular response to VEGF
down-regulation of cellular response to VEGF
downregulation of cellular response to VEGFA
down regulation of cellular response to VEGFA
down-regulation of cellular response to VEGFA
downregulation of cellular response to VEGFB
down regulation of cellular response to VEGFB
down-regulation of cellular response to VEGFB
inhibition of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor
inhibition of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus
inhibition of cellular response to VEGFA
inhibition of cellular response to VEGFB
negative regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor
negative regulation of cellular response to VEGF
negative regulation of cellular response to VEGFA
negative regulation of cellular response to VEGFB
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of catalase activity.
regulation of bacterial catalase-peroxidase activity
regulation of catalase-peroxidase activity
regulation of hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
regulation of manganese catalase activity
lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus involved in thymus epithelium morphogenesis
Any lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus that is involved in thymus epithelium morphogenesis.
lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus involved in thymic epithelium morphogenesis
lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell migration into thymus involved in thymic epithelium morphogenesis
lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell migration into thymus involved in thymus epithelium morphogenesis
negative regulation of DNA N-glycosylase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA N-glycosylase activity.
downregulation of DNA glycosylase activity
down regulation of DNA glycosylase activity
down-regulation of DNA glycosylase activity
downregulation of DNA N-glycosylase activity
down regulation of DNA N-glycosylase activity
down-regulation of DNA N-glycosylase activity
downregulation of endonuclease VIII activity
down regulation of endonuclease VIII activity
down-regulation of endonuclease VIII activity
inhibition of DNA N-glycosylase activity
inhibition of endonuclease VIII activity
negative regulation of DNA glycosylase activity
negative regulation of endonuclease VIII activity
regulation of DNA N-glycosylase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA N-glycosylase activity.
regulation of endonuclease VIII activity
regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.
regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor
regulation of cellular response to VEGFA
regulation of cellular response to VEGFB
positive regulation of DNA N-glycosylase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA N-glycosylase activity.
activation of DNA N-glycosylase activity
activation of endonuclease VIII activity
positive regulation of DNA glycosylase activity
positive regulation of endonuclease VIII activity
upregulation of DNA glycosylase activity
up regulation of DNA glycosylase activity
up-regulation of DNA glycosylase activity
upregulation of DNA N-glycosylase activity
up regulation of DNA N-glycosylase activity
up-regulation of DNA N-glycosylase activity
upregulation of endonuclease VIII activity
up regulation of endonuclease VIII activity
up-regulation of endonuclease VIII activity
obsolete multi-organism micropinocytosis
OBSOLETE. A micropinocytosis which involves another organism.
negative regulation of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body.
down-regulation of protein localisation in mitotic spindle pole body
downregulation of protein localisation to mitotic spindle pole body
down regulation of protein localisation to mitotic spindle pole body
down-regulation of protein localisation to mitotic spindle pole body
downregulation of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body
down regulation of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body
down-regulation of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body
inhibition of protein localisation to mitotic spindle pole body
inhibition of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body
negative regulation of protein localisation to mitotic spindle pole body
regulation of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body.
regulation of protein localisation to mitotic spindle pole body
OBSOLETE. A pinocytosis which involves another organism.
obsolete multi-organism macropinocytosis
OBSOLETE. A macropinocytosis which involves another organism.
positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.
activation of intracellular signaling cascade
activation of intracellular signaling chain
activation of intracellular signaling pathway
activation of intracellular signal transduction
activation of intracellular signal transduction pathway
activation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade
activation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade
positive regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade
positive regulation of intracellular signaling cascade
positive regulation of intracellular signaling chain
positive regulation of intracellular signaling pathway
positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway
positive regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade
positive regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade
upregulation of intracellular signaling cascade
up regulation of intracellular signaling cascade
up-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade
upregulation of intracellular signaling chain
up regulation of intracellular signaling chain
up-regulation of intracellular signaling chain
upregulation of intracellular signaling pathway
up regulation of intracellular signaling pathway
up-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway
upregulation of intracellular signal transduction
up regulation of intracellular signal transduction
up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction
upregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway
up regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway
up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway
upregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade
up regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade
up-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade
upregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade
up regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade
up-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade
negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.
downregulation of intracellular signaling cascade
down regulation of intracellular signaling cascade
down-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade
downregulation of intracellular signaling chain
down regulation of intracellular signaling chain
down-regulation of intracellular signaling chain
downregulation of intracellular signaling pathway
down regulation of intracellular signaling pathway
down-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway
downregulation of intracellular signal transduction
down regulation of intracellular signal transduction
down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction
downregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway
down regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway
down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway
downregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade
down regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade
down-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade
downregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade
down regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade
down-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade
inhibition of intracellular signaling cascade
inhibition of intracellular signaling chain
inhibition of intracellular signaling pathway
inhibition of intracellular signal transduction
inhibition of intracellular signal transduction pathway
inhibition of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade
inhibition of signal transmission via intracellular cascade
negative regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade
negative regulation of intracellular signaling cascade
negative regulation of intracellular signaling chain
negative regulation of intracellular signaling pathway
negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway
negative regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade
negative regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade
obsolete multi-organism membrane invagination
OBSOLETE. A membrane invagination which involves another organism.
negative regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein linear polyubiquitination.
downregulation of protein linear polyubiquitination
down regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination
down-regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination
inhibition of protein linear polyubiquitination
regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein linear polyubiquitination.
regulation of intracellular signal transduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.
regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade
regulation of intracellular signaling cascade
regulation of intracellular signaling chain
regulation of intracellular signaling pathway
regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway
regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade
regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade
positive regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein linear polyubiquitination.
activation of protein linear polyubiquitination
upregulation of protein linear polyubiquitination
up regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination
up-regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination
obsolete multi-organism plasmodesmata-mediated intercellular transport
OBSOLETE. A plasmodesmata-mediated intercellular transport which involves another organism.
obsolete multi-organism organelle organization
OBSOLETE. An organelle organization which involves another organism.
positive regulation of response to water deprivation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to water deprivation.
activation of response to water deprivation
positive regulation of drought tolerance
positive regulation of response to dehydration
positive regulation of response to drought
positive regulation of response to thirst
up regulation of response to dehydration
up-regulation of response to dehydration
upregulation of response to water deprivation
up regulation of response to water deprivation
up-regulation of response to water deprivation
obsolete multi-organism intercellular transport
OBSOLETE. An intercellular transport which involves another organism.
obsolete multi-organism cellular localization
OBSOLETE. A cellular localization which involves another organism.
obsolete multi-organism intracellular transport
OBSOLETE. An intracellular transport which involves another organism.
protein localization to medial cortical node
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a medial cortical node.
protein localisation in medial cortical node
protein localisation to medial cortical node
protein localization in medial cortical node
negative regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.
downregulation of DNA replication during S phase
down regulation of DNA replication during S phase
down-regulation of DNA replication during S phase
downregulation of DNA replication involved in S phase
downregulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase
down regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase
down regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase
down-regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase
down-regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase
downregulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
down regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
down-regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
inhibition of DNA replication during S phase
inhibition of DNA replication involved in S phase
inhibition of DNA replication involved in S-phase
inhibition of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
negative regulation of DNA replication during S phase
negative regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase
negative regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase
OBSOLETE. A localization which involves another organism.
positive regulation of serine-type peptidase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type peptidase activity.
activation of serine-type peptidase activity
positive regulation of serine protease activity
upregulation of serine protease activity
up regulation of serine protease activity
up-regulation of serine protease activity
upregulation of serine-type peptidase activity
up regulation of serine-type peptidase activity
up-regulation of serine-type peptidase activity
negative regulation of serine-type peptidase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type peptidase activity.
downregulation of serine protease activity
down regulation of serine protease activity
down-regulation of serine protease activity
downregulation of serine-type peptidase activity
down regulation of serine-type peptidase activity
down-regulation of serine-type peptidase activity
inhibition of serine-type peptidase activity
negative regulation of serine protease activity
protein localization to cell division site involved in cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly
Any protein localization to cell division site that is involved in cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
protein localisation to cell division site involved in constriction ring assembly
protein localisation to cell division site involved in contractile ring assembly
protein localisation to cell division site involved in cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly
protein localisation to cell division site involved in cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring formation
protein localisation to cell division site involved in cytokinesis, actomyosin ring biosynthesis
protein localisation to cell division site involved in cytokinesis, actomyosin ring formation
protein localisation to cell division site involved in cytokinesis, contractile ring assembly
protein localization to cell division site involved in constriction ring assembly
protein localization to cell division site involved in contractile ring assembly
protein localization to cell division site involved in cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring formation
protein localization to cell division site involved in cytokinesis, actomyosin ring biosynthesis
protein localization to cell division site involved in cytokinesis, actomyosin ring formation
protein localization to cell division site involved in cytokinesis, contractile ring assembly
obsolete negative regulation of leucine import by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of leucine import.
negative regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation of JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) kinase activity.
downregulation of activation of JAK1 kinase activity
down regulation of activation of JAK1 kinase activity
down-regulation of activation of JAK1 kinase activity
downregulation of activation of JAK1 protein
down regulation of activation of JAK1 protein
down-regulation of activation of JAK1 protein
downregulation of activation of JAK2 kinase activity
down regulation of activation of JAK2 kinase activity
down-regulation of activation of JAK2 kinase activity
down regulation of activation of JAK2 protein
down-regulation of activation of JAK2 protein
downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 protein
down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 protein
down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 protein
downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 protein
down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 protein
down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 protein
inhibition of activation of JAK1 kinase activity
inhibition of activation of JAK1 protein
inhibition of activation of JAK2 kinase activity
inhibition of activation of JAK2 protein
inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 protein
inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 protein
negative regulation of activation of JAK1 protein
negative regulation of activation of JAK2 kinase activity
negative regulation of activation of JAK2 protein
negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 protein
negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 protein
positive regulation of eosinophil activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil activation.
regulation of serine-type peptidase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type peptidase activity.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a nucleolus.
positive regulation of neutrophil activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil activation.
negative regulation of neutrophil activation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil activation.
down regulation of neutrophil activation
down-regulation of neutrophil activation
negative regulation of eosinophil activation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil activation.
down regulation of eosinophil activation
down-regulation of eosinophil activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil activation.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an origin recognition complex.
origin of replication recognition complex assembly
origin of replication recognition complex formation
An oxidoreductase complex which is capable of GMP reductase activity. It catalyses the irreversible reaction: GMP + 2 H+ + NADPH => IMP + NADP+ + NH4.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil activation.
A protein complex which is capable of H4 histone acetyltransferase activity.
The disaggregation of an actomyosin contractile ring into its constituent components.
positive regulation of microtubule minus-end binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule minus-end binding.
activation of microtubule minus-end binding
upregulation of microtubule minus-end binding
up regulation of microtubule minus-end binding
up-regulation of microtubule minus-end binding
negative regulation of neutrophil migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoride stimulus.
The process in which acyl carnitine is transported across a membrane.
regulation of microtubule minus-end binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule minus-end binding.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoride stimulus.
negative regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.
downregulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway
down regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway
down-regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway
inhibition of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway
regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.
immune response involved in response to exogenous dsRNA
Any immune response that is involved in response to exogenous dsRNA.
immune response involved in response to exogenous double-stranded RNA
immune response involved in response to viral dsRNA
positive regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.
activation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway
upregulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway
up regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway
up-regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway
(R)-2-hydroxy-alpha-linolenic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (R)-2-hydroxy-alpha-linolenic acid.
(R)-2-hydroxy-alpha-linolenic acid anabolism
(R)-2-hydroxy-alpha-linolenic acid biosynthesis
(R)-2-hydroxy-alpha-linolenic acid formation
(R)-2-hydroxy-alpha-linolenic acid synthesis
2-hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acid biosynthesis
positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.
activation of BK calcium-activated potassium channel activity
activation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
activation of large conductance KCa channels
positive regulation of BK calcium-activated potassium channel activity
positive regulation of BK channel activity
positive regulation of large conductance KCa channels
upregulation of BK calcium-activated potassium channel activity
up regulation of BK calcium-activated potassium channel activity
up-regulation of BK calcium-activated potassium channel activity
upregulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
up regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
up-regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
upregulation of large conductance KCa channels
up regulation of large conductance KCa channels
up-regulation of large conductance KCa channels
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a N-phenylthiourea stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a N-phenylthiourea stimulus.
heterotrimeric G-protein complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
heterotrimeric G-protein complex formation
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, alpha-subunit assembly
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, alpha-subunit formation
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, beta-subunit assembly
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, beta-subunit formation
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, gamma-subunit assembly
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, gamma-subunit formation
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase activity assembly
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase activity formation
p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transmembrane transport
The directed movement of N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamate across a membrane.
N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamate transmembrane transport
negative regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.
downregulation of BK calcium-activated potassium channel activity
down regulation of BK calcium-activated potassium channel activity
down-regulation of BK calcium-activated potassium channel activity
downregulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
down regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
down-regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
downregulation of large conductance KCa channels
down regulation of large conductance KCa channels
down-regulation of large conductance KCa channels
inhibition of BK calcium-activated potassium channel activity
inhibition of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
inhibition of large conductance KCa channels
negative regulation of BK calcium-activated potassium channel activity
negative regulation of BK channel activity
negative regulation of large conductance KCa channels
regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.
regulation of BK calcium-activated potassium channel activity
regulation of large conductance KCa channels
The directed movement of silver ion across a membrane.
The directed movement of a proton across a membrane.
passive proton transport, down the electrochemical gradient
The directed movement of carnitine across a membrane.
The process in which an aluminium ion is transported across a membrane.
positive regulation of DNA replication origin binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.
activation of DNA replication origin binding
upregulation of DNA replication origin binding
up regulation of DNA replication origin binding
up-regulation of DNA replication origin binding
negative regulation of DNA replication origin binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.
downregulation of DNA replication origin binding
down regulation of DNA replication origin binding
down-regulation of DNA replication origin binding
inhibition of DNA replication origin binding
The directed movement of sulfathiazole across a membrane.
obsolete multi-organism membrane budding
OBSOLETE. A membrane budding which involves another organism.
regulation of DNA replication origin binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.
OBSOLETE. A nuclear import which involves another organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary alcohol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving secondary alcohol.
aromatic primary alcohol biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic primary alcohol.
aromatic primary alcohol metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic primary alcohol.
obsolete regulation of histone H2A-H2B dimer displacement
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2A-H2B dimer displacement.
positive regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process.
activation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate anabolism
activation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthesis
activation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process
activation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate formation
activation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis
positive regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate anabolism
positive regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthesis
positive regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate formation
positive regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis
upregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate anabolism
up regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate anabolism
up-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate anabolism
upregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthesis
up regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthesis
up-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthesis
upregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process
up regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process
up-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process
upregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate formation
up regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate formation
up-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate formation
upregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis
up regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis
up-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis
obsolete positive regulation of histone H2A-H2B dimer displacement
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2A-H2B dimer displacement.
obsolete negative regulation of histone H2A-H2B dimer displacement
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2A-H2B dimer displacement.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tertiary alcohol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tertiary alcohol.
negative regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process.
downregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate anabolism
down regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate anabolism
down-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate anabolism
downregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthesis
down regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthesis
down-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthesis
downregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process
down regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process
down-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process
downregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate formation
down regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate formation
down-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate formation
downregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis
down regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis
down-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis
inhibition of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate anabolism
inhibition of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthesis
inhibition of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process
inhibition of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate formation
inhibition of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis
negative regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate anabolism
negative regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthesis
negative regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate formation
negative regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis
regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process.
regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate anabolism
regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthesis
regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate formation
regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis
regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process.
regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate breakdown
regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolism
regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of propan-2-ol.
positive regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process.
activation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate breakdown
activation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process
activation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolism
activation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate degradation
positive regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate breakdown
positive regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolism
positive regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate degradation
upregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate breakdown
up regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate breakdown
up-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate breakdown
upregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process
up regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process
up-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process
upregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolism
up regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolism
up-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolism
upregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate degradation
up regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate degradation
up-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate degradation
negative regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process.
downregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate breakdown
down regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate breakdown
down-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate breakdown
downregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process
down regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process
down-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process
downregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolism
down regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolism
down-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolism
downregulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate degradation
down regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate degradation
down-regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate degradation
inhibition of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate breakdown
inhibition of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process
inhibition of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolism
inhibition of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate degradation
negative regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate breakdown
negative regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolism
negative regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate degradation
neural crest cell differentiation involved in thymus development
Any neural crest cell differentiation that is involved in thymus development.
A ciliary basal body that is part of a kinocilium.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving propan-2-ol.
neural crest cell differentiation involved in parathyroid gland development
Any neural crest cell differentiation that is involved in parathyroid gland development.
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate metabolism
positive regulation of membrane hyperpolarization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.
activation of membrane hyperpolarization
upregulation of membrane hyperpolarization
up regulation of membrane hyperpolarization
up-regulation of membrane hyperpolarization
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate anabolism
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthesis
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate formation
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate breakdown
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolism
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate degradation
regulation of mRNA stability involved in cellular response to UV
Any regulation of mRNA stability that is involved in cellular response to UV.
regulation of mRNA stability involved in cellular response to ultraviolet light stimulus
regulation of mRNA stability involved in cellular response to ultraviolet radiation stimulus
regulation of mRNA stability involved in cellular response to UV light stimulus
regulation of mRNA stability involved in cellular response to UV radiation stimulus
positive regulation of assembly of large subunit precursor of preribosome
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of a large subunit precursor of preribosome.
activation of assembly of large subunit precursor of preribosome
activation of preribosome, large subunit precursor formation
positive regulation of 66S preribosome assembly
positive regulation of 66S preribosome formation
positive regulation of preribosome, large subunit precursor formation
upregulation of 66S preribosome assembly
up regulation of 66S preribosome assembly
up-regulation of 66S preribosome assembly
upregulation of 66S preribosome formation
up regulation of 66S preribosome formation
up-regulation of 66S preribosome formation
upregulation of assembly of large subunit precursor of preribosome
up regulation of assembly of large subunit precursor of preribosome
up-regulation of assembly of large subunit precursor of preribosome
upregulation of preribosome, large subunit precursor formation
up regulation of preribosome, large subunit precursor formation
up-regulation of preribosome, large subunit precursor formation
negative regulation of membrane hyperpolarization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.
downregulation of membrane hyperpolarization
down regulation of membrane hyperpolarization
down-regulation of membrane hyperpolarization
inhibition of membrane hyperpolarization
regulation of membrane hyperpolarization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.
obsolete negative regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion.
positive regulation of neutrophil migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.
regulation of assembly of large subunit precursor of preribosome
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of a large subunit precursor of preribosome.
regulation of preribosome, large subunit precursor formation
assembly of large subunit precursor of preribosome
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the large subunit precursor of the preribosome.
preribosome, large subunit precursor formation
positive regulation of receptor localization to synapse
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor localization to synapse.
activation of receptor localisation to synapse
activation of receptor localization to synapse
positive regulation of receptor localisation to synapse
upregulation of receptor localisation to synapse
up regulation of receptor localisation to synapse
up-regulation of receptor localisation to synapse
upregulation of receptor localization to synapse
up regulation of receptor localization to synapse
up-regulation of receptor localization to synapse
negative regulation of receptor localization to synapse
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor localization to synapse.
downregulation of receptor localisation to synapse
down regulation of receptor localisation to synapse
down-regulation of receptor localisation to synapse
downregulation of receptor localization to synapse
down regulation of receptor localization to synapse
down-regulation of receptor localization to synapse
inhibition of receptor localisation to synapse
inhibition of receptor localization to synapse
negative regulation of receptor localisation to synapse
A protein complex which is capable of glucosidase activity.
mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in programmed cell death
The process by which the mitochondrial outer membrane becomes permeable to the passing of proteins and other molecules from the intermembrane space to the cytosol as part of a programmed cell death process.
mitochondrial membrane permeability transition involved in caspase-independent apoptosis
mitochondrial membrane permeability transition involved in caspase-independent cell death
mitochondrial membrane permeability transition involved in nonapoptotic programmed cell death
mitochondrial membrane permeability transition involved in non-apoptotic programmed cell death
mitochondrial membrane permeability transition involved in PCD
mitochondrial membrane permeability transition involved in programmed cell death
mitochondrial membrane permeability transition involved in regulated cell death
mitochondrial membrane permeabilization involved in caspase-independent apoptosis
mitochondrial membrane permeabilization involved in caspase-independent cell death
mitochondrial membrane permeabilization involved in nonapoptotic programmed cell death
mitochondrial membrane permeabilization involved in non-apoptotic programmed cell death
mitochondrial membrane permeabilization involved in PCD
mitochondrial membrane permeabilization involved in programmed cell death
mitochondrial membrane permeabilization involved in regulated cell death
mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization during programmed cell death
mitochondrial permeability transition involved in caspase-independent apoptosis
mitochondrial permeability transition involved in caspase-independent cell death
mitochondrial permeability transition involved in nonapoptotic programmed cell death
mitochondrial permeability transition involved in non-apoptotic programmed cell death
mitochondrial permeability transition involved in PCD
mitochondrial permeability transition involved in programmed cell death
mitochondrial permeability transition involved in regulated cell death
mitochondrion outer membrane permeabilization involved in programmed cell death
MPT involved in caspase-independent apoptosis
MPT involved in caspase-independent cell death
MPT involved in nonapoptotic programmed cell death
MPT involved in non-apoptotic programmed cell death
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in caspase-independent apoptosis
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in caspase-independent cell death
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in nonapoptotic programmed cell death
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in non-apoptotic programmed cell death
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in PCD
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in programmed cell death
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in regulated cell death
positive regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in caspase-independent apoptosis
positive regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in caspase-independent cell death
positive regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in nonapoptotic programmed cell death
positive regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in non-apoptotic programmed cell death
positive regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in PCD
positive regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in programmed cell death
positive regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane involved in regulated cell death
regulation of replication fork arrest at rDNA repeats
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replication fork arrest at rDNA repeats.
regulation of replication fork arrest at ribosomal DNA repeats
regulation of replication fork blocking at rDNA repeats
positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.
upregulation of RNA biosynthetic process
up regulation of RNA biosynthetic process
up-regulation of RNA biosynthetic process
regulation of receptor localization to synapse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor localization to synapse.
regulation of receptor localisation to synapse
protein localization to pericentric heterochromatin
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in the pericentric heterochromatin.
protein localisation in centromeric heterochromatin
Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left caudal flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
cilial basal body of left caudal flagellum
ciliary basal body of left caudal cilium
ciliary basal body of left caudal flagellum
cilium basal body of left caudal flagellum
left caudal flagellum ciliary basal body
microtubule basal body of left caudal cilium
microtubule basal body of left caudal flagellum
Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right ventral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
cilial basal body of right ventral cilium
cilial basal body of right ventral flagellum
ciliary basal body of right ventral cilium
ciliary basal body of right ventral flagellum
cilium basal body of right ventral cilium
cilium basal body of right ventral flagellum
microtubule basal body of right ventral cilium
microtubule basal body of right ventral flagellum
right ventral flagellum ciliary basal body
negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.
downregulation of RNA biosynthetic process
down regulation of RNA biosynthetic process
down-regulation of RNA biosynthetic process
Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right caudal flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
cilial basal body of right caudal cilium
cilial basal body of right caudal flagellum
ciliary basal body of right caudal cilium
ciliary basal body of right caudal flagellum
cilium basal body of right caudal cilium
cilium basal body of right caudal flagellum
microtubule basal body of right caudal cilium
microtubule basal body of right caudal flagellum
right caudal flagellum ciliary basal body
Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left posteriolateral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
cilial basal body of left posteriolateral cilium
cilial basal body of left posteriolateral flagellum
cilial basal body of left posterolateral cilium
cilial basal body of left posterolateral flagellum
ciliary basal body of left posteriolateral cilium
ciliary basal body of left posteriolateral flagellum
ciliary basal body of left posterolateral cilium
ciliary basal body of left posterolateral flagellum
cilium basal body of left posteriolateral cilium
cilium basal body of left posteriolateral flagellum
cilium basal body of left posterolateral cilium
cilium basal body of left posterolateral flagellum
left posteriolateral flagellum ciliary basal body
microtubule basal body of left posteriolateral cilium
microtubule basal body of left posteriolateral flagellum
microtubule basal body of left posterolateral cilium
microtubule basal body of left posterolateral flagellum
Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right anterior flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
cilial basal body of right anterior cilium
cilial basal body of right anterior flagellum
ciliary basal body of right anterior cilium
ciliary basal body of right anterior flagellum
cilium basal body of right anterior cilium
cilium basal body of right anterior flagellum
microtubule basal body of right anterior cilium
microtubule basal body of right anterior flagellum
right anterior flagellum ciliary basal body
Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left ventral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
cilial basal body of left ventral cilium
cilial basal body of left ventral flagellum
ciliary basal body of left ventral cilium
ciliary basal body of left ventral flagellum
cilium basal body of left ventral cilium
cilium basal body of left ventral flagellum
left ventral flagellum ciliary basal body
microtubule basal body of left ventral cilium
microtubule basal body of left ventral flagellum
Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right posteriolateral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
cilial basal body of right posteriolateral cilium
cilial basal body of right posteriolateral flagellum
cilial basal body of right posterolateral cilium
cilial basal body of right posterolateral flagellum
ciliary basal body of right posteriolateral cilium
ciliary basal body of right posteriolateral flagellum
ciliary basal body of right posterolateral cilium
ciliary basal body of right posterolateral flagellum
cilium basal body of right posteriolateral cilium
cilium basal body of right posteriolateral flagellum
cilium basal body of right posterolateral cilium
cilium basal body of right posterolateral flagellum
microtubule basal body of right posteriolateral cilium
microtubule basal body of right posteriolateral flagellum
microtubule basal body of right posterolateral cilium
microtubule basal body of right posterolateral flagellum
right posteriolateral flagellum ciliary basal body
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance.
positive regulation of axon growth cone guidance
upregulation of axon growth cone guidance
up regulation of axon growth cone guidance
up-regulation of axon growth cone guidance
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another, medaited by a wnt family protein ligand. This process includes wnt signal transduction in the receiving cell, release of wnt ligand from a secreting cell as well as any processes that actively facilitate wnt transport and presentation to receptor on the recieving cell.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance.
downregulation of axon growth cone guidance
down regulation of axon growth cone guidance
down-regulation of axon growth cone guidance
negative regulation of axon growth cone guidance
Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left anterior flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
cilial basal body of left anterior cilium
cilial basal body of left anterior flagellum
ciliary basal body of left anterior cilium
ciliary basal body of left anterior flagellum
cilium basal body of left anterior cilium
cilium basal body of left anterior flagellum
left anterior flagellum ciliary basal body
microtubule basal body of left anterior cilium
microtubule basal body of left anterior flagellum
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isobutanol stimulus.
process resulting in tolerance to isobutanol
positive regulation of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation.
activation of peptidyl-cysteine S-palmitoylation
activation of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation
activation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
activation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
activation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
activation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-palmitoylation
positive regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
positive regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
positive regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
positive regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
upregulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-palmitoylation
up regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-palmitoylation
up-regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-palmitoylation
upregulation of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation
up regulation of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation
up-regulation of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation
upregulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
up regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
up-regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
upregulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
up regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
up-regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
upregulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
up regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
up-regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
upregulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
up regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
up-regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance.
obsolete protein localization to Mmi1 nuclear focus complex
OBSOLETE. A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Mmi1 nuclear focus complex.
positive regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose mediated signaling pathway.
activation of glucose mediated signaling pathway
activation of glucose mediated signalling
positive regulation of glucose mediated signalling
upregulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of glucose mediated signalling
up regulation of glucose mediated signalling
up-regulation of glucose mediated signalling
negative regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucose mediated signaling pathway.
downregulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway
downregulation of glucose mediated signalling
down regulation of glucose mediated signalling
down-regulation of glucose mediated signalling
inhibition of glucose mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of glucose mediated signalling
negative regulation of glucose mediated signalling
negative regulation of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation.
downregulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-palmitoylation
down regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-palmitoylation
down-regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-palmitoylation
downregulation of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation
down regulation of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation
down-regulation of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation
downregulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
down regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
down-regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
downregulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
down regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
down-regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
downregulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
down regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
down-regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
downregulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
down regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
down-regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
inhibition of peptidyl-cysteine S-palmitoylation
inhibition of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation
inhibition of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
inhibition of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
inhibition of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
inhibition of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
negative regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-palmitoylation
negative regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
negative regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
negative regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
negative regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
regulation of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation.
regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-palmitoylation
regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
regulation of peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
protein localization to prospore membrane
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a prospore membrane.
establishment of protein localisation in prospore membrane
establishment of protein localisation to prospore membrane
establishment of protein localization in prospore membrane
establishment of protein localization to prospore membrane
protein localisation in prospore membrane
protein localisation to prospore membrane
protein localization in prospore membrane
protein targeting to ascospore-type prospore membrane
The directed movement of calcium ion into a cytosol.
regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of glucose mediated signalling
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sequestering of iron ion.
Any cell cortex that is part of a growing cell tip.
obsolete extracellular sequestering of copper ion
OBSOLETE. The process of binding or confining copper ions in an extracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sequestering of copper ion.
A protein complex which is capable of G protein-coupled GABA receptor activity. In human, it is usually a heterodimer composed of GABA-B receptor subunits 1 and 2.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a plumbagin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a plumbagin stimulus.
A protein complex which is capable of GABA-A receptor activity. In human, it is usually composed of either two alpha, two beta and one gamma chain of the GABA-A receptor subunits or 5 chains of the GABA-A receptor subunits rho1-3 (formally known as GABA-C receptor).
A protein complex which is capable of GABA receptor activity. Upon binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) it transmits the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Major inhibitory receptor in vertebrate brain. Also found in other vertebrate tissues, invertebrates and possibly in plants. Effective benzodiazepine receptor.
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor complex
obsolete hexose catabolic process to butyrate
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose to butyrate.
obsolete hexose catabolic process to acetone
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose to acetone.
obsolete hexose catabolic process to ethanol
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose to ethanol.
obsolete hexose catabolic process to acetate
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose to acetate.
pentose catabolic process to propan-2-ol
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to propan-2-ol.
pentose catabolic process to isopropanol
pentose catabolic process to isopropyl alcohol
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to butan-1-ol.
obsolete hexose catabolic process to butan-1-ol
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose to butan-1-ol.
obsolete hexose catabolic process to propan-2-ol
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose to propan-2-ol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of valine to isobutanol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine to isobutanol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to acetate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to butyrate.
A protein complex which is capable of superoxide dismutase activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast proliferation.
A protein complex which is capable of metallochaperone activity.
superoxide dismutase copper chaperone complex
A protein complex which is capable of superoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity.
negative regulation of NAD metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NAD metabolic process.
downregulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolic process
down regulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolic process
down-regulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolic process
downregulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolism
down regulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolism
down-regulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolism
down regulation of NAD metabolic process
down-regulation of NAD metabolic process
downregulation of NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
down regulation of NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
down-regulation of NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
downregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
down regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
down-regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
downregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
down regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
down-regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
downregulation of oxidized NAD metabolic process
down regulation of oxidized NAD metabolic process
down-regulation of oxidized NAD metabolic process
downregulation of oxidized NAD metabolism
down regulation of oxidized NAD metabolism
down-regulation of oxidized NAD metabolism
downregulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
down regulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
down-regulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
downregulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
down regulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
down-regulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
inhibition of NAD (oxidized) metabolic process
inhibition of NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
inhibition of oxidized NAD metabolic process
inhibition of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
inhibition of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
negative regulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolic process
negative regulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolism
negative regulation of NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
negative regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
negative regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
negative regulation of oxidized NAD metabolic process
negative regulation of oxidized NAD metabolism
negative regulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
negative regulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NAD metabolic process.
regulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolic process
regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
regulation of oxidized NAD metabolic process
regulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
regulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a respiratory basal cell.
positive regulation of NAD metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NAD metabolic process.
activation of NAD (oxidized) metabolic process
activation of NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
activation of oxidized NAD metabolic process
activation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
activation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
positive regulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolic process
positive regulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolism
positive regulation of NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
positive regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
positive regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
positive regulation of oxidized NAD metabolic process
positive regulation of oxidized NAD metabolism
positive regulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
positive regulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
upregulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolic process
up regulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolic process
up-regulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolic process
upregulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolism
up regulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolism
up-regulation of NAD (oxidized) metabolism
upregulation of NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
up regulation of NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
up-regulation of NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
up regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
up-regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
up regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
up-regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
upregulation of oxidized NAD metabolic process
up regulation of oxidized NAD metabolic process
up-regulation of oxidized NAD metabolic process
up regulation of oxidized NAD metabolism
up-regulation of oxidized NAD metabolism
upregulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
up regulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
up-regulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
upregulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
up regulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
up-regulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition
Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the cell cycle.
positive regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lens fiber cell differentiation.
activation of lens fiber cell differentiation
activation of lens fibre cell differentiation
positive regulation of lens fibre cell differentiation
upregulation of lens fiber cell differentiation
up regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation
up-regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation
upregulation of lens fibre cell differentiation
up regulation of lens fibre cell differentiation
up-regulation of lens fibre cell differentiation
positive regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition
Any signalling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the cell cycle.
activation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition
upregulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition
up regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition
up-regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition
negative regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition
Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the cell cycle.
downregulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition
down regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition
down-regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition
inhibition of cell cycle G2/M phase transition
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium organization.
activation of lamellipodium organization
upregulation of lamellipodium organization
up regulation of lamellipodium organization
up-regulation of lamellipodium organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium organization.
downregulation of lamellipodium organization
down regulation of lamellipodium organization
down-regulation of lamellipodium organization
inhibition of lamellipodium organization
negative regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lens fiber cell differentiation.
downregulation of lens fiber cell differentiation
down regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation
down-regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation
downregulation of lens fibre cell differentiation
down regulation of lens fibre cell differentiation
down-regulation of lens fibre cell differentiation
inhibition of lens fiber cell differentiation
inhibition of lens fibre cell differentiation
negative regulation of lens fibre cell differentiation
regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lens fiber cell differentiation.
regulation of lens fibre cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium organization.
apoptotic process involved in development
Any apoptotic process that is involved in anatomical structure development.
activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development
apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development
apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure
apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development
apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development
apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure
apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development
apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure
apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development
induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure
induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development
signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
A small, membranous protrusion found primarily on dendritic stretches of developing neurons. May receive synaptic input, and can develop into dendritic spines.
positive regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.
activation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell
activation of virion attachment, binding of host cell surface receptor
positive regulation of virion attachment, binding of host cell surface receptor
upregulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell
up regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell
up-regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell
upregulation of virion attachment, binding of host cell surface receptor
up regulation of virion attachment, binding of host cell surface receptor
up-regulation of virion attachment, binding of host cell surface receptor
regulation of chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the growth of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
positive regulation of chondrocyte proliferation
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
activation of cartilage cell proliferation
activation of chondrocyte cell proliferation
positive regulation of cartilage cell proliferation
positive regulation of chondrocyte cell proliferation
upregulation of cartilage cell proliferation
up regulation of cartilage cell proliferation
up-regulation of cartilage cell proliferation
upregulation of chondrocyte cell proliferation
up regulation of chondrocyte cell proliferation
up-regulation of chondrocyte cell proliferation
upregulation of chondrocyte proliferation
up regulation of chondrocyte proliferation
up-regulation of chondrocyte proliferation
negative regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.
downregulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell
down regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell
down-regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell
downregulation of virion attachment, binding of host cell surface receptor
down regulation of virion attachment, binding of host cell surface receptor
down-regulation of virion attachment, binding of host cell surface receptor
inhibition of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell
inhibition of virion attachment, binding of host cell surface receptor
negative regulation of virion attachment, binding of host cell surface receptor
regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.
regulation of virion attachment, binding of host cell surface receptor
negative regulation of proteoglycan biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
downregulation of proteoglycan anabolism
down regulation of proteoglycan anabolism
down-regulation of proteoglycan anabolism
downregulation of proteoglycan biosynthesis
down regulation of proteoglycan biosynthesis
down-regulation of proteoglycan biosynthesis
downregulation of proteoglycan biosynthetic process
down regulation of proteoglycan biosynthetic process
down-regulation of proteoglycan biosynthetic process
downregulation of proteoglycan formation
down regulation of proteoglycan formation
down-regulation of proteoglycan formation
downregulation of proteoglycan synthesis
down regulation of proteoglycan synthesis
down-regulation of proteoglycan synthesis
inhibition of proteoglycan biosynthetic process
negative regulation of proteoglycan anabolism
negative regulation of proteoglycan biosynthesis
negative regulation of proteoglycan formation
negative regulation of proteoglycan synthesis
positive regulation of growth factor dependent skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta.
negative regulation of chondrocyte proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
downregulation of cartilage cell proliferation
down regulation of cartilage cell proliferation
down-regulation of cartilage cell proliferation
downregulation of chondrocyte cell proliferation
down regulation of chondrocyte cell proliferation
down-regulation of chondrocyte cell proliferation
downregulation of chondrocyte proliferation
down regulation of chondrocyte proliferation
down-regulation of chondrocyte proliferation
inhibition of cartilage cell proliferation
inhibition of chondrocyte cell proliferation
negative regulation of cartilage cell proliferation
negative regulation of chondrocyte cell proliferation
positive regulation of proteoglycan biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
activation of proteoglycan biosynthetic process
positive regulation of proteoglycan anabolism
positive regulation of proteoglycan biosynthesis
positive regulation of proteoglycan formation
positive regulation of proteoglycan synthesis
upregulation of proteoglycan biosynthesis
up regulation of proteoglycan biosynthesis
up-regulation of proteoglycan biosynthesis
upregulation of proteoglycan biosynthetic process
up regulation of proteoglycan biosynthetic process
up-regulation of proteoglycan biosynthetic process
negative regulation of satellite cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell differentiation.
downregulation of satellite cell differentiation
down regulation of satellite cell differentiation
down-regulation of satellite cell differentiation
inhibition of satellite cell differentiation
positive regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation.
activation of satellite cell proliferation
upregulation of satellite cell proliferation
up regulation of satellite cell proliferation
up-regulation of satellite cell proliferation
negative regulation of growth factor dependent skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta.
positive regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell differentiation.
activation of satellite cell differentiation
upregulation of satellite cell differentiation
up regulation of satellite cell differentiation
up-regulation of satellite cell differentiation
negative regulation of prolactin secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin secretion.
obsolete intracellular sequestering of copper ion
OBSOLETE. The process of binding or confining copper ions in an intracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
negative regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation.
downregulation of satellite cell proliferation
down regulation of satellite cell proliferation
down-regulation of satellite cell proliferation
inhibition of satellite cell proliferation
positive regulation of prolactin secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin secretion.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonane stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonane stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a decane stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a decane stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-sulfoquinovose(1-).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkane stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkane stimulus.
process resulting in tolerance to alkane
A protein complex which is capable of GTPase activator activity.
positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway
Any positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system that is involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway.
activation of two-component signal transduction involved in H2O2 mediated signaling pathway
activation of two-component signal transduction involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway
activation of two-component signal transduction involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of histidyl-aspartyl phosphorelay involved in H2O2 mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of histidyl-aspartyl phosphorelay involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of histidyl-aspartyl phosphorelay involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system involved in H2O2 mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of two-component signal transduction system (phosphorelay) involved in H2O2 mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of two-component signal transduction system (phosphorelay) involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of two-component signal transduction system (phosphorelay) involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signalling pathway
stimulation of two-component signal transduction involved in H2O2 mediated signaling pathway
stimulation of two-component signal transduction involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway
stimulation of two-component signal transduction involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signalling pathway
upregulation of two-component signal transduction involved in H2O2 mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of two-component signal transduction involved in H2O2 mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of two-component signal transduction involved in H2O2 mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of two-component signal transduction involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of two-component signal transduction involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of two-component signal transduction involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of two-component signal transduction involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signalling pathway
up regulation of two-component signal transduction involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signalling pathway
up-regulation of two-component signal transduction involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signalling pathway
mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit.
39S ribosomal subunit, mitochondrial assembly
39S ribosomal subunit, mitochondrial formation
mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit formation
The directed movement of substances from late endosome to lysosome.
prevacuolar compartment to lysosome transport
regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.
regulation of acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase activity
regulation of choline acetylase activity
regulation of choline acetyltransferase activity
isoprenoid biosynthetic process via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprenoid via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
isoprenoid anabolism via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
isoprenoid biosynthesis via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
isoprenoid formation via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
isoprenoid synthesis via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
positive regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.
activation of acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase activity
activation of choline acetylase activity
activation of choline acetyltransferase activity
activation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity
positive regulation of acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase activity
positive regulation of CHOACTase activity
positive regulation of choline acetylase activity
positive regulation of choline acetyltransferase activity
upregulation of acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase activity
up regulation of acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase activity
up-regulation of acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase activity
upregulation of choline acetylase activity
up regulation of choline acetylase activity
up-regulation of choline acetylase activity
upregulation of choline acetyltransferase activity
up regulation of choline acetyltransferase activity
up-regulation of choline acetyltransferase activity
upregulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity
up regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity
up-regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity
negative regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.
downregulation of acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase activity
down regulation of acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase activity
down-regulation of acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase activity
downregulation of choline acetylase activity
down regulation of choline acetylase activity
down-regulation of choline acetylase activity
downregulation of choline acetyltransferase activity
down regulation of choline acetyltransferase activity
down-regulation of choline acetyltransferase activity
downregulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity
down regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity
down-regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity
inhibition of acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase activity
inhibition of choline acetylase activity
inhibition of choline acetyltransferase activity
inhibition of choline O-acetyltransferase activity
negative regulation of acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase activity
negative regulation of CHOACTase activity
negative regulation of choline acetylase activity
negative regulation of choline acetyltransferase activity
positive regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic skeletal joint development.
activation of embryonic skeletal joint development
upregulation of embryonic skeletal joint development
up regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development
up-regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development
isoprenoid biosynthetic process via mevalonate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprenoid via mevalonate.
skeletal muscle satellite cell migration
The orderly movement of a skeletal muscle satellite cell from one site to another. Migration of these cells is a key step in the process of growth and repair of skeletal muscle cells.
positive regulation of chondrocyte development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte development.
up regulation of chondrocyte development
up-regulation of chondrocyte development
Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.
Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide anabolism
Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide biosynthesis
Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide formation
Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide synthesis
Mo-molybdopterin-cytosine-dinucleotide cofactor biosynthetic process
negative regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic skeletal joint development.
downregulation of embryonic skeletal joint development
down regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development
down-regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development
inhibition of embryonic skeletal joint development
regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic skeletal joint development.
bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum.
bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum metabolism
sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-) biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-).
sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-) anabolism
sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-) biosynthesis
sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-) formation
sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-) synthesis
Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.
Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide metabolism
bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum.
bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum anabolism
bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum biosynthesis
bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum formation
bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum synthesis
bis-Mo-molybdopterin-guanine dinucleotide cofactor biosynthetic process
negative regulation of renal amino acid absorption
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal amino acid absorption.
downregulation of renal amino acid absorption
down regulation of renal amino acid absorption
down-regulation of renal amino acid absorption
inhibition of renal amino acid absorption
regulation of renal amino acid absorption
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal amino acid absorption.
sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-) metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-).
sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-) metabolism
positive regulation of renal amino acid absorption
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal amino acid absorption.
activation of renal amino acid absorption
upregulation of renal amino acid absorption
up regulation of renal amino acid absorption
up-regulation of renal amino acid absorption
negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry.
downregulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
down regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
down-regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
downregulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry determination
down regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry determination
down-regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry determination
downregulation of BMP signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
down regulation of BMP signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
down-regulation of BMP signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
inhibition of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
inhibition of BMP signaling pathway involved in lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry determination
inhibition of BMP signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry determination
negative regulation of BMP signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry.
regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry determination
regulation of BMP signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
The directed movement of N,N'-diacetylchitobiose into a cell or organelle.
positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry.
activation of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
activation of BMP signaling pathway involved in lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry determination
activation of BMP signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry determination
positive regulation of BMP signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
upregulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
up regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
up-regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
upregulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry determination
up regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry determination
up-regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry determination
upregulation of BMP signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
up regulation of BMP signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
up-regulation of BMP signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation.
positive regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition
Any signalling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle.
activation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition
upregulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition
up regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition
up-regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition
positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation.
activation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation
upregulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation
up regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation
up-regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation
negative regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation.
downregulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation
down regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation
down-regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation
inhibition of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.
activation of synaptic vesicle transport
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle fission
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion
upregulation of synaptic vesicle fission
up regulation of synaptic vesicle fission
up-regulation of synaptic vesicle fission
up regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion
up-regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion
upregulation of synaptic vesicle transport
up regulation of synaptic vesicle transport
up-regulation of synaptic vesicle transport
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.
downregulation of synaptic vesicle fission
down regulation of synaptic vesicle fission
down-regulation of synaptic vesicle fission
downregulation of synaptic vesicle fusion
down regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion
down-regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion
downregulation of synaptic vesicle transport
down regulation of synaptic vesicle transport
down-regulation of synaptic vesicle transport
inhibition of synaptic vesicle transport
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle fission
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion
negative regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition
Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle.
downregulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition
down regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition
down-regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition
inhibition of cell cycle G1/S phase transition
regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition
Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle.
regulation of siRNA-independent facultative heterochromatin formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of siRNA-independent facultative heterochromatin assembly.
regulation of heterochromatin island assembly
regulation of heterochromatin island formation
regulation of siRNA-independent facultative heterochromatin assembly
positive regulation of phosphodiesterase I activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase I activity.
activation of 5' nucleotide phosphodiesterase/alkaline phosphodiesterase I activity
activation of 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
activation of 5'-phosphodiesterase activity
activation of alkaline phosphodiesterase activity
activation of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I activity
activation of oligonucleate 5'-nucleotidohydrolase activity
activation of orthophosphoric diester phosphohydrolase activity
activation of phosphodiesterase I activity
positive regulation of 5'-exonuclease activity
positive regulation of 5'-NPDase activity
positive regulation of 5' nucleotide phosphodiesterase/alkaline phosphodiesterase I activity
positive regulation of 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
positive regulation of 5'-PDase activity
positive regulation of 5'-phosphodiesterase activity
positive regulation of alkaline phosphodiesterase activity
positive regulation of exonuclease I activity
positive regulation of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I activity
positive regulation of oligonucleate 5'-nucleotidohydrolase activity
positive regulation of orthophosphoric diester phosphohydrolase activity
up regulation of 5'-exonuclease activity
up-regulation of 5'-exonuclease activity
upregulation of 5' nucleotide phosphodiesterase/alkaline phosphodiesterase I activity
up regulation of 5' nucleotide phosphodiesterase/alkaline phosphodiesterase I activity
up-regulation of 5' nucleotide phosphodiesterase/alkaline phosphodiesterase I activity
upregulation of 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
up regulation of 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
up-regulation of 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
upregulation of 5'-phosphodiesterase activity
up regulation of 5'-phosphodiesterase activity
up-regulation of 5'-phosphodiesterase activity
upregulation of alkaline phosphodiesterase activity
up regulation of alkaline phosphodiesterase activity
up-regulation of alkaline phosphodiesterase activity
upregulation of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I activity
up regulation of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I activity
up-regulation of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I activity
upregulation of oligonucleate 5'-nucleotidohydrolase activity
up regulation of oligonucleate 5'-nucleotidohydrolase activity
up-regulation of oligonucleate 5'-nucleotidohydrolase activity
upregulation of orthophosphoric diester phosphohydrolase activity
up regulation of orthophosphoric diester phosphohydrolase activity
up-regulation of orthophosphoric diester phosphohydrolase activity
upregulation of phosphodiesterase I activity
up regulation of phosphodiesterase I activity
up-regulation of phosphodiesterase I activity
regulation of synaptic vesicle transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.
regulation of siRNA-dependent facultative heterochromatin formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of siRNA-dependent facultative heterochromatin formation.
regulation of heterochromatin domain assembly
regulation of heterochromatin domain formation
regulation of siRNA-dependent facultative heterochromatin assembly
negative regulation of snoRNA processing
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of snoRNA processing.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of snoRNA processing.
regulation of phosphodiesterase I activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase I activity.
regulation of 5' nucleotide phosphodiesterase/alkaline phosphodiesterase I activity
regulation of 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
regulation of 5'-phosphodiesterase activity
regulation of alkaline phosphodiesterase activity
regulation of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I activity
regulation of oligonucleate 5'-nucleotidohydrolase activity
regulation of orthophosphoric diester phosphohydrolase activity
regulation of phosphodiesterase activity
positive regulation of snoRNA processing
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of snoRNA processing.
A protein complex which is capable of glutamate decarboxylase activity.
pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase complex
A protein complex which is capable of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity.
siRNA-mediated facultative heterochromatin formation
The formation of facultative heterochromatin into a heterochromatin domain, enriched in histone H3 methylated on lysine 9 (H3K9me), by a process mediated by a small interfering RNA.
siRNA-dependent facultative heterochromatin assembly
siRNA-dependent facultative heterochromatin formation
siRNA-independent facultative heterochromatin formation
The formation of facultative heterochromatin into a heterochromatin domain, enriched in histone H3 methylated on lysine 9 (H3K9me), by a process independent of small interfering RNAs.
siRNA-independent facultative heterochromatin assembly
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isooctane stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isooctane stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of undecan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving undecan-2-one.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an undecane stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an undecane stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dodecane stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dodecane stimulus.
negative regulation of mitotic spindle elongation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation.
downregulation of mitotic spindle elongation
down regulation of mitotic spindle elongation
down-regulation of mitotic spindle elongation
downregulation of spindle elongation during mitosis
down regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis
down-regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis
inhibition of mitotic spindle elongation
inhibition of spindle elongation during mitosis
negative regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis
positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
A negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.
activation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
activation of spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
positive regulation of spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
upregulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
up regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
up-regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
upregulation of spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
up regulation of spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
up-regulation of spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
regulation of neuronal signal transduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal signal transduction.
positive regulation of mitotic spindle elongation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation.
activation of mitotic spindle elongation
activation of spindle elongation during mitosis
positive regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis
upregulation of mitotic spindle elongation
up regulation of mitotic spindle elongation
up-regulation of mitotic spindle elongation
upregulation of spindle elongation during mitosis
up regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis
up-regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis
regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of netrin-activated signaling pathway.
regulation of netrin-activated signalling pathway
regulation of netrin-activated signal transduction pathway
regulation of netrin-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule.
activation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning
activation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning
activation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning
activation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning
activation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration
activation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated
activation of nuclear migration along microtubule
activation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated
activation of transport of nucleus by microtubules
positive regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning
positive regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning
positive regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning
positive regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning
positive regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration
positive regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated
positive regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated
positive regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules
upregulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning
up regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning
up-regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning
upregulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning
up regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning
up-regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning
upregulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning
up regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning
up-regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning
upregulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning
up regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning
up-regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning
upregulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration
up regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration
up-regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration
upregulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated
up regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated
up-regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated
upregulation of nuclear migration along microtubule
up regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule
up-regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule
upregulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated
up regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated
up-regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated
upregulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules
up regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules
up-regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules
positive regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of netrin-activated signaling pathway.
activation of netrin-activated signaling pathway
activation of netrin-activated signalling pathway
activation of netrin-activated signal transduction pathway
activation of netrin-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of netrin-activated signalling pathway
positive regulation of netrin-activated signal transduction pathway
positive regulation of netrin-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of netrin signaling pathway
upregulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway
up regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway
up-regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway
upregulation of netrin-activated signalling pathway
up regulation of netrin-activated signalling pathway
up-regulation of netrin-activated signalling pathway
upregulation of netrin-activated signal transduction pathway
up regulation of netrin-activated signal transduction pathway
up-regulation of netrin-activated signal transduction pathway
upregulation of netrin-mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of netrin-mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of netrin-mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of netrin signaling pathway
up regulation of netrin signaling pathway
up-regulation of netrin signaling pathway
negative regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of netrin-activated signaling pathway.
downregulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway
down regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway
down-regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway
downregulation of netrin-activated signalling pathway
down regulation of netrin-activated signalling pathway
down-regulation of netrin-activated signalling pathway
downregulation of netrin-activated signal transduction pathway
down regulation of netrin-activated signal transduction pathway
down-regulation of netrin-activated signal transduction pathway
downregulation of netrin-mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of netrin-mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of netrin-mediated signaling pathway
downregulation of netrin signaling pathway
down regulation of netrin signaling pathway
down-regulation of netrin signaling pathway
inhibition of netrin-activated signaling pathway
inhibition of netrin-activated signalling pathway
inhibition of netrin-activated signal transduction pathway
inhibition of netrin-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of netrin-activated signalling pathway
negative regulation of netrin-activated signal transduction pathway
negative regulation of netrin-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of netrin signaling pathway
positive regulation of proline import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proline import into cell.
positive regulation of proline import into cell
upregulation of proline import into cell
up regulation of proline import into cell
up-regulation of proline import into cell
negative regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule.
downregulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning
down regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning
down-regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning
downregulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning
down regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning
down-regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning
downregulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning
down regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning
down-regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning
downregulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning
down regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning
down-regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning
downregulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration
down regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration
down-regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration
downregulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated
down regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated
down-regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated
downregulation of nuclear migration along microtubule
down regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule
down-regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule
downregulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated
down regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated
down-regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated
downregulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules
down regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules
down-regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules
inhibition of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning
inhibition of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning
inhibition of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning
inhibition of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning
inhibition of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration
inhibition of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated
inhibition of nuclear migration along microtubule
inhibition of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated
inhibition of transport of nucleus by microtubules
negative regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning
negative regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning
negative regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning
negative regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning
negative regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration
negative regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated
negative regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated
negative regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules
regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule.
regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning
regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning
regulation of microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning
regulation of microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning
regulation of microtubule-mediated nuclear migration
regulation of nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated
regulation of nuclear movement, microtubule-mediated
regulation of transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated
regulation of transport of nucleus by microtubules
positive regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord.
activation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
upregulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
up regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
up-regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
negative regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord.
downregulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
down regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
down-regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
inhibition of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
negative regulation of proline import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proline import into cell.
downregulation of proline import into cell
down regulation of proline import into cell
down-regulation of proline import into cell
negative regulation of proline import into cell
regulation of proline import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline import into cell.
regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.
regulation of spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation
positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.
activation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation
activation of spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation
positive regulation of spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation
upregulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation
up regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation
up-regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation
upregulation of spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation
up regulation of spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation
up-regulation of spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation
negative regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.
downregulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation
down regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation
down-regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation
downregulation of spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation
down regulation of spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation
down-regulation of spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation
inhibition of spinal cord association neuron differentiation
inhibition of spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation
negative regulation of spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation
positive regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of late endosome to lysosome transport.
activation of late endosome to lysosome transport
upregulation of late endosome to lysosome transport
up regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport
up-regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-undecene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-undecene.
negative regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of late endosome to lysosome transport.
downregulation of late endosome to lysosome transport
down regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport
down-regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport
inhibition of late endosome to lysosome transport
regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of late endosome to lysosome transport.
regulation of prevacuolar compartment to lysosome transport
negative regulation of protein localization to microtubule
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to microtubule.
downregulation of protein localisation to microtubule
down regulation of protein localisation to microtubule
down-regulation of protein localisation to microtubule
downregulation of protein localization to microtubule
down regulation of protein localization to microtubule
down-regulation of protein localization to microtubule
inhibition of protein localisation to microtubule
inhibition of protein localization to microtubule
negative regulation of protein localisation to microtubule
regulation of protein localization to microtubule
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to microtubule.
regulation of protein localisation to microtubule
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethyl acetate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethyl acetate.
positive regulation of embryonic pattern specification
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic pattern specification.
activation of embryonic pattern specification
positive regulation of ventral/lateral system
upregulation of embryonic pattern specification
up regulation of embryonic pattern specification
up-regulation of embryonic pattern specification
negative regulation of embryonic pattern specification
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic pattern specification.
downregulation of embryonic pattern specification
down regulation of embryonic pattern specification
down-regulation of embryonic pattern specification
downregulation of ventral/lateral system
down regulation of ventral/lateral system
down-regulation of ventral/lateral system
inhibition of embryonic pattern specification
negative regulation of ventral/lateral system
obsolete negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification.
obsolete regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification.
negative regulation of horizontal cell localization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of horizontal cell localization.
downregulation of horizontal cell localisation
down regulation of horizontal cell localisation
down-regulation of horizontal cell localisation
downregulation of horizontal cell localization
down regulation of horizontal cell localization
down-regulation of horizontal cell localization
downregulation of horizontal cell positioning
down regulation of horizontal cell positioning
down-regulation of horizontal cell positioning
downregulation of laminar positioning of retinal horizontal cell
down regulation of laminar positioning of retinal horizontal cell
down-regulation of laminar positioning of retinal horizontal cell
downregulation of retinal horizontal cell positioning
down regulation of retinal horizontal cell positioning
down-regulation of retinal horizontal cell positioning
inhibition of horizontal cell localisation
inhibition of horizontal cell localization
inhibition of horizontal cell positioning
inhibition of laminar positioning of retinal horizontal cell
inhibition of retinal horizontal cell positioning
negative regulation of horizontal cell localisation
negative regulation of horizontal cell positioning
negative regulation of laminar positioning of retinal horizontal cell
negative regulation of retinal horizontal cell positioning
regulation of horizontal cell localization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of horizontal cell localization.
regulation of horizontal cell localisation
regulation of horizontal cell positioning
regulation of laminar positioning of retinal horizontal cell
regulation of retinal horizontal cell positioning
regulation of embryonic pattern specification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic pattern specification.
regulation of embryonic pattern biosynthesis
regulation of embryonic pattern formation
positive regulation of horizontal cell localization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of horizontal cell localization.
activation of horizontal cell localisation
activation of horizontal cell localization
activation of horizontal cell positioning
activation of laminar positioning of retinal horizontal cell
activation of retinal horizontal cell positioning
positive regulation of horizontal cell localisation
positive regulation of horizontal cell positioning
positive regulation of laminar positioning of retinal horizontal cell
positive regulation of retinal horizontal cell positioning
upregulation of horizontal cell localisation
up regulation of horizontal cell localisation
up-regulation of horizontal cell localisation
upregulation of horizontal cell localization
up regulation of horizontal cell localization
up-regulation of horizontal cell localization
upregulation of horizontal cell positioning
up regulation of horizontal cell positioning
up-regulation of horizontal cell positioning
upregulation of laminar positioning of retinal horizontal cell
up regulation of laminar positioning of retinal horizontal cell
up-regulation of laminar positioning of retinal horizontal cell
upregulation of retinal horizontal cell positioning
up regulation of retinal horizontal cell positioning
up-regulation of retinal horizontal cell positioning
regulation of amacrine cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amacrine cell differentiation.
regulation of amacrine neuron differentiation
positive regulation of retina development in camera-type eye
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye.
activation of retina development in camera-style eye
activation of retina development in camera-type eye
positive regulation of retina development in camera-style eye
positive regulation of retinal development
upregulation of retina development in camera-style eye
up regulation of retina development in camera-style eye
up-regulation of retina development in camera-style eye
upregulation of retina development in camera-type eye
up regulation of retina development in camera-type eye
up-regulation of retina development in camera-type eye
positive regulation of amacrine cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amacrine cell differentiation.
activation of amacrine cell differentiation
activation of amacrine neuron differentiation
positive regulation of amacrine neuron differentiation
upregulation of amacrine cell differentiation
up regulation of amacrine cell differentiation
up-regulation of amacrine cell differentiation
upregulation of amacrine neuron differentiation
up regulation of amacrine neuron differentiation
up-regulation of amacrine neuron differentiation
negative regulation of amacrine cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amacrine cell differentiation.
downregulation of amacrine cell differentiation
down regulation of amacrine cell differentiation
down-regulation of amacrine cell differentiation
downregulation of amacrine neuron differentiation
down regulation of amacrine neuron differentiation
down-regulation of amacrine neuron differentiation
inhibition of amacrine cell differentiation
inhibition of amacrine neuron differentiation
negative regulation of amacrine neuron differentiation
positive regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development.
activation of embryonic camera-type eye development
positive regulation of embryonic eye development
upregulation of embryonic camera-type eye development
up regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development
up-regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development
upregulation of embryonic eye development
up regulation of embryonic eye development
up-regulation of embryonic eye development
negative regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development.
downregulation of embryonic camera-type eye development
down regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development
down-regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development
downregulation of embryonic eye development
down regulation of embryonic eye development
down-regulation of embryonic eye development
inhibition of embryonic camera-type eye development
negative regulation of embryonic eye development
negative regulation of retina development in camera-type eye
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye.
downregulation of retina development in camera-style eye
down regulation of retina development in camera-style eye
down-regulation of retina development in camera-style eye
downregulation of retina development in camera-type eye
down regulation of retina development in camera-type eye
down-regulation of retina development in camera-type eye
inhibition of retina development in camera-style eye
inhibition of retina development in camera-type eye
negative regulation of retina development in camera-style eye
negative regulation of retinal development
regulation of retina development in camera-type eye
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye.
regulation of retina development in camera-style eye
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of propionyl-CoA.
regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development.
obsolete glycerol catabolic process to glycerone phosphate
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol to glycerone phosphate.
positive regulation of non-motile cilium assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-motile cilium assembly.
activation of immotile primary cilium assembly
activation of nonmotile primary cilia assembly
activation of nonmotile primary cilium assembly
positive regulation of immotile primary cilium assembly
positive regulation of nonmotile primary cilia assembly
positive regulation of nonmotile primary cilium assembly
positive regulation of sensory cilium assembly
positive regulation of sensory cilium biogenesis
upregulation of immotile primary cilium assembly
up regulation of immotile primary cilium assembly
up-regulation of immotile primary cilium assembly
upregulation of nonmotile primary cilia assembly
up regulation of nonmotile primary cilia assembly
up-regulation of nonmotile primary cilia assembly
upregulation of nonmotile primary cilium assembly
up regulation of nonmotile primary cilium assembly
up-regulation of nonmotile primary cilium assembly
up regulation of sensory cilium assembly
up-regulation of sensory cilium assembly
upregulation of sensory cilium biogenesis
up regulation of sensory cilium biogenesis
up-regulation of sensory cilium biogenesis
negative regulation of non-motile cilium assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-motile cilium assembly.
downregulation of immotile primary cilium assembly
down regulation of immotile primary cilium assembly
down-regulation of immotile primary cilium assembly
downregulation of nonmotile primary cilia assembly
down regulation of nonmotile primary cilia assembly
down-regulation of nonmotile primary cilia assembly
downregulation of nonmotile primary cilium assembly
down regulation of nonmotile primary cilium assembly
down-regulation of nonmotile primary cilium assembly
downregulation of sensory cilium assembly
down regulation of sensory cilium assembly
down-regulation of sensory cilium assembly
downregulation of sensory cilium biogenesis
down regulation of sensory cilium biogenesis
down-regulation of sensory cilium biogenesis
inhibition of immotile primary cilium assembly
inhibition of nonmotile primary cilia assembly
inhibition of nonmotile primary cilium assembly
negative regulation of immotile primary cilium assembly
negative regulation of nonmotile primary cilia assembly
negative regulation of nonmotile primary cilium assembly
negative regulation of sensory cilium assembly
negative regulation of sensory cilium biogenesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionyl-CoA.
negative regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase.
downregulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase
down regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase
down-regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase
inhibition of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase
regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase.
regulation of non-motile cilium assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-motile cilium assembly.
regulation of immotile primary cilium assembly
regulation of nonmotile primary cilia assembly
regulation of nonmotile primary cilium assembly
positive regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase.
activation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase
upregulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase
up regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase
up-regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase
positive regulation of neuronal signal transduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal signal transduction.
activation of neuronal signal transduction
upregulation of neuronal signal transduction
up regulation of neuronal signal transduction
up-regulation of neuronal signal transduction
negative regulation of neuronal signal transduction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal signal transduction.
downregulation of neuronal signal transduction
down regulation of neuronal signal transduction
down-regulation of neuronal signal transduction
inhibition of neuronal signal transduction
microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis
Any microtubule cytoskeleton organization that is involved in mitosis.
microtubule cytoskeleton organisation involved in mitosis
microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis involved in mitosis
microtubule dynamics involved in mitosis
negative regulation of melanosome transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.
A protein complex which is capable of protein kinase activity.
positive regulation of melanosome transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.
positive regulation of supramolecular fiber organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization.
positive regulation of fibril organisation
negative regulation of supramolecular fiber organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibril organization.
negative regulation of fibril organisation
The disaggregation of a proteasome storage granule into its constituent components.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a proteasome storage granule.
sequestration of proteasome core complex in proteasome storage granule
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in stress response to cadmium ion
OBSOLETE. Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in stress response to cadmium ion.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a gut granule.
regulation of supramolecular fiber organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization.
negative regulation of autophagosome assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome assembly.
downregulation of autophagic vacuole assembly
down regulation of autophagic vacuole assembly
down-regulation of autophagic vacuole assembly
downregulation of autophagic vacuole formation
down regulation of autophagic vacuole formation
down-regulation of autophagic vacuole formation
downregulation of autophagosome biosynthesis
down regulation of autophagosome biosynthesis
down-regulation of autophagosome biosynthesis
downregulation of autophagosome formation
down regulation of autophagosome formation
down-regulation of autophagosome formation
inhibition of autophagic vacuole assembly
inhibition of autophagic vacuole formation
inhibition of autophagosome biosynthesis
negative regulation of autophagic vacuole assembly
negative regulation of autophagic vacuole formation
negative regulation of autophagosome biosynthesis
negative regulation of autophagosome formation
regulation of postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering.
regulation of post-synaptic density protein 95 clustering
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a terminal web.
fatty acid methyl ester biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acid methyl ester.
fatty acid methyl ester metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acid methyl ester.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA (miRNA) gene transcription.
regulation of microRNA gene transcription
regulation of primary miRNA gene transcription
regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II
regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of root hair elongation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of root hair elongation.
positive regulation of miRNA transcription
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA (miRNA) gene transcription.
activation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of microRNA gene transcription
positive regulation of primary miRNA gene transcription
positive regulation of pri-miRNA gene transcription
positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II
positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
upregulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
up regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
up-regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of miRNA transcription
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA (miRNA) gene transcription.
downregulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
down regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
down-regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
inhibition of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of microRNA gene transcription
negative regulation of miRNA gene transcription
negative regulation of primary miRNA gene transcription
negative regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II
negative regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
protein localization to spindle microtubule
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a spindle microtubule.
protein localisation in spindle microtubule
protein localisation to spindle microtubule
protein localization in spindle microtubule
protein localization to astral microtubule
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an astral microtubule.
protein localisation in astral microtubule
protein localisation to astral microtubule
protein localization in astral microtubule
negative regulation of root hair elongation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of root hair elongation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of root hair elongation.
obsolete regulation of proteasome-activating ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proteasome-activating ATPase activity.
positive regulation of response to oxidative stress
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress.
activation of response to oxidative stress
upregulation of response to oxidative stress
up regulation of response to oxidative stress
up-regulation of response to oxidative stress
obsolete positive regulation of proteasome-activating ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteasome-activating ATPase activity.
obsolete negative regulation of proteasome-activating ATPase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proteasome-activating ATPase activity.
obsolete positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification.
negative regulation of response to oxidative stress
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress.
downregulation of response to oxidative stress
down regulation of response to oxidative stress
down-regulation of response to oxidative stress
inhibition of response to oxidative stress
regulation of response to oxidative stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress.
regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated chloride channel activity.
regulation of voltage-dependent chloride channel activity
regulation of voltage gated chloride channel activity
positive regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.
activation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity
upregulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity
up regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity
up-regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity
positive regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated chloride channel activity.
activation of voltage-dependent chloride channel activity
activation of voltage gated chloride channel activity
activation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity
positive regulation of voltage-dependent chloride channel activity
positive regulation of voltage gated chloride channel activity
upregulation of voltage-dependent chloride channel activity
up regulation of voltage-dependent chloride channel activity
up-regulation of voltage-dependent chloride channel activity
upregulation of voltage gated chloride channel activity
upregulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity
up regulation of voltage gated chloride channel activity
up regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity
up-regulation of voltage gated chloride channel activity
up-regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity
negative regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated chloride channel activity.
downregulation of voltage-dependent chloride channel activity
down regulation of voltage-dependent chloride channel activity
down-regulation of voltage-dependent chloride channel activity
downregulation of voltage gated chloride channel activity
downregulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity
down regulation of voltage gated chloride channel activity
down regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity
down-regulation of voltage gated chloride channel activity
down-regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity
inhibition of voltage-dependent chloride channel activity
inhibition of voltage gated chloride channel activity
inhibition of voltage-gated chloride channel activity
negative regulation of voltage-dependent chloride channel activity
negative regulation of voltage gated chloride channel activity
inward rectifier potassium channel complex
A protein complex which is capable of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.
phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate binding
Binding to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate.
negative regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.
downregulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity
down regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity
down-regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity
inhibition of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity
regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isopentenol.
positive regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alcohol biosynthetic process.
activation of alcohol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of alcohol anabolism
positive regulation of alcohol biosynthesis
positive regulation of alcohol formation
positive regulation of alcohol synthesis
upregulation of alcohol biosynthetic process
up regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process
up-regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a septin ring.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenol.
Any plasma membrane part that is part of a growing cell tip.
plasma membrane part of growing cell end
plasma membrane part of growing cell tip
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inulin.
negative regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alcohol biosynthetic process.
downregulation of alcohol biosynthetic process
down regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process
down-regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process
inhibition of alcohol biosynthetic process
negative regulation of alcohol anabolism
negative regulation of alcohol biosynthesis
negative regulation of alcohol formation
negative regulation of alcohol synthesis
regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alcohol biosynthetic process.
poly(hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process from fatty acid
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) from fatty acid.
poly(hydroxyalkanoate) anabolism from fatty acid
poly(hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthesis from fatty acid
poly(hydroxyalkanoate) formation from fatty acid
poly(hydroxyalkanoate) synthesis from fatty acid
poly(hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process from glucose
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) from glucose.
poly(hydroxyalkanoate) anabolism from glucose
poly(hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthesis from glucose
poly(hydroxyalkanoate) formation from glucose
poly(hydroxyalkanoate) synthesis from glucose
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inulin.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving inulin.
poly(hydroxyvalerate) biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(hydroxyvalerate).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(hydroxyvalerate).
poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyvalerate).
poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(3-hydroxyvalerate).
positive regulation of mating projection assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mating projection assembly.
activation of mating projection assembly
activation of mating projection biogenesis
positive regulation of mating projection biogenesis
upregulation of mating projection assembly
up regulation of mating projection assembly
up-regulation of mating projection assembly
upregulation of mating projection biogenesis
up regulation of mating projection biogenesis
up-regulation of mating projection biogenesis
positive regulation of protein polyubiquitination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyubiquitination.
activation of protein polyubiquitination
activation of protein polyubiquitinylation
activation of protein polyubiquitylation
positive regulation of protein polyubiquitinylation
positive regulation of protein polyubiquitylation
upregulation of protein polyubiquitination
up regulation of protein polyubiquitination
up-regulation of protein polyubiquitination
upregulation of protein polyubiquitinylation
up regulation of protein polyubiquitinylation
up-regulation of protein polyubiquitinylation
upregulation of protein polyubiquitylation
up regulation of protein polyubiquitylation
up-regulation of protein polyubiquitylation
poly(5-hydroxyvalerate) biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(5-hydroxyvalerate).
poly(5-hydroxyvalerate) metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(5-hydroxyvalerate).
positive regulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroepithelial cell differentiation.
activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation
upregulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation
up regulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation
up-regulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation
A protein complex which is capable of pyruvate kinase activity.
negative regulation of protein polyubiquitination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyubiquitination.
downregulation of protein polyubiquitination
down regulation of protein polyubiquitination
down-regulation of protein polyubiquitination
downregulation of protein polyubiquitinylation
down regulation of protein polyubiquitinylation
down-regulation of protein polyubiquitinylation
downregulation of protein polyubiquitylation
down regulation of protein polyubiquitylation
down-regulation of protein polyubiquitylation
inhibition of protein polyubiquitination
inhibition of protein polyubiquitinylation
inhibition of protein polyubiquitylation
negative regulation of protein polyubiquitinylation
negative regulation of protein polyubiquitylation
regulation of protein polyubiquitination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyubiquitination.
regulation of protein polyubiquitinylation
regulation of protein polyubiquitylation
Any DNA ligation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA ligation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
DNA ligation involved in mitotic DNA replication
Any DNA ligation involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA ligation involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication
DNA ligation involved in meiotic DNA replication
Any DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
Any DNA replication initiation involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA replication initiation involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication
DNA replication initiation involved in meiotic DNA replication
initiation of premeiotic DNA replication
Any nuclear DNA replication that is involved in a mitotic cell cycle.
DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
mitotic DNA replication DNA duplex unwinding
Any DNA duplex unwinding involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA duplex unwinding involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
DNA duplex unwinding involved in mitotic DNA replication
premeiotic DNA replication DNA duplex unwinding
Any DNA duplex unwinding involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA duplex unwinding involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication
DNA duplex unwinding involved in meiotic DNA replication
regulation of protein localization to early endosome
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to early endosome.
regulation of protein localisation in early endosome
regulation of protein localisation to early endosome
regulation of protein localization in early endosome
positive regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
activation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
activation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
activation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
activation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
activation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
activation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
activation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
activation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
activation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
activation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
activation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolic process
activation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolism
activation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
activation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
activation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
activation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
activation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolic process
activation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolism
positive regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
positive regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
positive regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
positive regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
positive regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
positive regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
positive regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
positive regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
positive regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
positive regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolic process
positive regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolism
positive regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
positive regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
positive regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
positive regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
positive regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolic process
positive regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolism
upregulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up-regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
upregulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up-regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
upregulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up-regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
upregulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up-regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
upregulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
up regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
up-regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
upregulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
up regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
up-regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
upregulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up-regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
upregulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up-regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
upregulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up-regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
upregulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up-regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
upregulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolic process
up regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolic process
up-regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolic process
upregulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolism
up regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolism
up-regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolism
upregulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up-regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
upregulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up-regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
upregulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up-regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
upregulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up-regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
upregulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolic process
up regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolic process
up-regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolic process
upregulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolism
up regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolism
up-regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolism
protein localization to mitotic spindle midzone
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mitotic spindle midzone.
protein localisation in mitotic spindle midzone
protein localisation to mitotic spindle midzone
protein localization in mitotic spindle midzone
positive regulation of protein localization to early endosome
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to early endosome.
activation of protein localisation in early endosome
activation of protein localisation to early endosome
activation of protein localization in early endosome
activation of protein localization to early endosome
positive regulation of protein localisation in early endosome
positive regulation of protein localisation to early endosome
positive regulation of protein localization in early endosome
upregulation of protein localisation in early endosome
up regulation of protein localisation in early endosome
up-regulation of protein localisation in early endosome
upregulation of protein localisation to early endosome
up regulation of protein localisation to early endosome
up-regulation of protein localisation to early endosome
upregulation of protein localization in early endosome
up regulation of protein localization in early endosome
up-regulation of protein localization in early endosome
upregulation of protein localization to early endosome
up regulation of protein localization to early endosome
up-regulation of protein localization to early endosome
positive regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
activation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
activation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
activation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
activation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
activation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
activation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolism
activation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
activation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
activation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
activation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
activation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
activation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
activation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
activation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
activation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
activation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
activation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
activation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolism
activation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
activation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
activation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
activation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
activation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
activation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
activation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
activation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
activation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
activation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
activation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
activation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
activation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
activation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
activation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
activation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
activation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
activation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
positive regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
positive regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
positive regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
positive regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
positive regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
positive regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolism
positive regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
positive regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
positive regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
positive regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
positive regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
positive regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
positive regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
positive regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
positive regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
positive regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
positive regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
positive regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolism
positive regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
positive regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
positive regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
positive regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
positive regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
positive regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
positive regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
positive regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
positive regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
positive regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
positive regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
positive regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
positive regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
positive regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
positive regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
positive regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
positive regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
upregulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up-regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
upregulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up-regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
upregulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up-regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
upregulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up-regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
upregulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
up regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
up-regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
upregulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolism
up regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolism
up-regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolism
upregulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up-regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
upregulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up-regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
upregulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up-regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
upregulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up-regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
upregulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
up regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
up-regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
upregulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
up regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
up-regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
upregulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up-regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
upregulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up-regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
upregulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up-regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
upregulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up-regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
upregulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
up regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
up-regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
upregulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolism
up regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolism
up-regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolism
upregulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up-regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
upregulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up-regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
upregulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up-regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
upregulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up-regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
upregulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
up regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
up-regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
upregulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
up regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
up-regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
upregulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up-regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
upregulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up-regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
upregulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up-regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
upregulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up-regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
upregulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
up regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
up-regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
upregulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
up regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
up-regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
upregulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up-regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
upregulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up-regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
upregulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up-regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
upregulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
up-regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
upregulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
up regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
up-regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
upregulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
up regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
up-regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
negative regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
downregulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down-regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
downregulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down-regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
downregulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down-regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
downregulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down-regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
downregulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
down regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
down-regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
downregulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolism
down regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolism
down-regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolism
downregulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down-regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
downregulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down-regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
downregulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down-regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
downregulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down-regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
downregulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
down regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
down-regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
downregulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
down regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
down-regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
downregulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down-regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
downregulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down-regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
downregulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down-regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
downregulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down-regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
downregulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
down regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
down-regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
downregulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolism
down regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolism
down-regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolism
downregulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down-regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
downregulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down-regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
downregulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down-regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
downregulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down-regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
downregulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
down regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
down-regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
downregulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
down regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
down-regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
downregulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down-regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
downregulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down-regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
downregulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down-regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
downregulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down-regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
downregulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
down regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
down-regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
downregulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
down regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
down-regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
downregulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down-regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
downregulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down-regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
downregulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down-regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
downregulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down-regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
downregulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
down regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
down-regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
downregulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
down regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
down-regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
inhibition of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
inhibition of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
inhibition of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
inhibition of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
inhibition of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
inhibition of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolism
inhibition of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
inhibition of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
inhibition of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
inhibition of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
inhibition of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
inhibition of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
inhibition of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
inhibition of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
inhibition of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
inhibition of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
inhibition of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
inhibition of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolism
inhibition of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
inhibition of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
inhibition of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
inhibition of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
inhibition of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
inhibition of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
inhibition of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
inhibition of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
inhibition of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
inhibition of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
inhibition of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
inhibition of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
inhibition of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
inhibition of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
inhibition of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
inhibition of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
inhibition of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
inhibition of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
negative regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
negative regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
negative regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
negative regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
negative regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
negative regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolism
negative regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
negative regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
negative regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
negative regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
negative regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
negative regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
negative regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
negative regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
negative regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
negative regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
negative regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
negative regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolism
negative regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
negative regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
negative regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
negative regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
negative regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
negative regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
negative regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
negative regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
negative regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
negative regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
negative regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
negative regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
negative regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
negative regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
negative regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
negative regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
negative regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
negative regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
downregulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down-regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
downregulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down-regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
downregulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down-regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
downregulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down-regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
downregulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
down regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
down-regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
downregulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
down regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
down-regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
downregulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down-regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
downregulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down-regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
downregulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down-regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
downregulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down-regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
downregulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolic process
down regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolic process
down-regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolic process
downregulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolism
down regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolism
down-regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolism
downregulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down-regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
downregulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down-regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
downregulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down-regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
downregulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
down-regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
downregulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolic process
down regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolic process
down-regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolic process
downregulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolism
down regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolism
down-regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolism
inhibition of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
inhibition of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
inhibition of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
inhibition of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
inhibition of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
inhibition of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
inhibition of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
inhibition of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
inhibition of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
inhibition of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
inhibition of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolic process
inhibition of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolism
inhibition of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
inhibition of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
inhibition of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
inhibition of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
inhibition of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolic process
inhibition of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolism
negative regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
negative regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
negative regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
negative regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
negative regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
negative regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
negative regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
negative regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
negative regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
negative regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolic process
negative regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolism
negative regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
negative regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
negative regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
negative regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
negative regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolic process
negative regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolism
regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolic process
regulation of metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolism
regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolic process
regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolism
negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone.
downregulation of complex I (NADH to ubiquinone)
down regulation of complex I (NADH to ubiquinone)
down-regulation of complex I (NADH to ubiquinone)
downregulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
down regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
down-regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, NADH to ubiquinone
down regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, NADH to ubiquinone
down-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, NADH to ubiquinone
inhibition of complex I (NADH to ubiquinone)
inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, NADH to ubiquinone
negative regulation of complex I (NADH to ubiquinone)
negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, NADH to ubiquinone
regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone.
regulation of complex I (NADH to ubiquinone)
regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, NADH to ubiquinone
regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
regulation of aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolism
regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
regulation of aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolism
regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
regulation of aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
regulation of carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
positive regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone.
activation of complex I (NADH to ubiquinone)
activation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
activation of oxidative phosphorylation, NADH to ubiquinone
positive regulation of complex I (NADH to ubiquinone)
positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, NADH to ubiquinone
upregulation of complex I (NADH to ubiquinone)
up regulation of complex I (NADH to ubiquinone)
up-regulation of complex I (NADH to ubiquinone)
upregulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
up regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
up-regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, NADH to ubiquinone
up regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, NADH to ubiquinone
up-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, NADH to ubiquinone
positive regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport.
activation of endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport
activation of endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
activation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
activation of rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi transport
activation of rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
activation of rough ER to cis-Golgi transport
activation of rough ER to cis-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
positive regulation of ER to Golgi transport
positive regulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi transport
positive regulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
positive regulation of rough ER to cis-Golgi transport
positive regulation of rough ER to cis-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport
up regulation of endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport
up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport
upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
up regulation of endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
upregulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
up regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
up-regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
upregulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi transport
up regulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi transport
up-regulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi transport
upregulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
up regulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
up-regulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
upregulation of rough ER to cis-Golgi transport
up regulation of rough ER to cis-Golgi transport
up-regulation of rough ER to cis-Golgi transport
upregulation of rough ER to cis-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
up regulation of rough ER to cis-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
up-regulation of rough ER to cis-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic spine maintenance.
activation of dendritic spine maintenance
upregulation of dendritic spine maintenance
up regulation of dendritic spine maintenance
up-regulation of dendritic spine maintenance
positive regulation of early endosome to recycling endosome transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to recycling endosome transport.
activation of early endosome to recycling endosome transport
upregulation of early endosome to recycling endosome transport
up regulation of early endosome to recycling endosome transport
up-regulation of early endosome to recycling endosome transport
regulation of early endosome to recycling endosome transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to recycling endosome transport.
positive regulation of tau-protein kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tau-protein kinase activity.
activation of [Tau protein] kinase activity
activation of brain protein kinase PK40erk activity
activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity
activation of protein tau kinase activity
activation of tau protein kinase activity
activation of tau-protein kinase activity
activation of tau-protein kinase I activity
activation of tau-protein kinase II activity
activation of tau-tubulin kinase activity
positive regulation of [Tau protein] kinase activity
positive regulation of brain protein kinase PK40erk activity
positive regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity
positive regulation of protein tau kinase activity
positive regulation of tau kinase activity
positive regulation of tau protein kinase activity
positive regulation of tau-protein kinase I activity
positive regulation of tau-protein kinase II activity
positive regulation of tau-tubulin kinase activity
upregulation of [Tau protein] kinase activity
up regulation of [Tau protein] kinase activity
up-regulation of [Tau protein] kinase activity
upregulation of brain protein kinase PK40erk activity
up regulation of brain protein kinase PK40erk activity
up-regulation of brain protein kinase PK40erk activity
upregulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity
up regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity
up-regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity
upregulation of protein tau kinase activity
up regulation of protein tau kinase activity
up-regulation of protein tau kinase activity
upregulation of tau protein kinase activity
upregulation of tau-protein kinase activity
up regulation of tau protein kinase activity
up regulation of tau-protein kinase activity
up-regulation of tau protein kinase activity
up-regulation of tau-protein kinase activity
upregulation of tau-protein kinase I activity
up regulation of tau-protein kinase I activity
up-regulation of tau-protein kinase I activity
upregulation of tau-protein kinase II activity
up regulation of tau-protein kinase II activity
up-regulation of tau-protein kinase II activity
upregulation of tau-tubulin kinase activity
up regulation of tau-tubulin kinase activity
up-regulation of tau-tubulin kinase activity
negative regulation of tau-protein kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tau-protein kinase activity.
downregulation of [Tau protein] kinase activity
down regulation of [Tau protein] kinase activity
down-regulation of [Tau protein] kinase activity
downregulation of brain protein kinase PK40erk activity
down regulation of brain protein kinase PK40erk activity
down-regulation of brain protein kinase PK40erk activity
downregulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity
down regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity
down-regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity
downregulation of protein tau kinase activity
down regulation of protein tau kinase activity
down-regulation of protein tau kinase activity
downregulation of tau protein kinase activity
downregulation of tau-protein kinase activity
down regulation of tau protein kinase activity
down regulation of tau-protein kinase activity
down-regulation of tau protein kinase activity
down-regulation of tau-protein kinase activity
downregulation of tau-protein kinase I activity
down regulation of tau-protein kinase I activity
down-regulation of tau-protein kinase I activity
downregulation of tau-protein kinase II activity
down regulation of tau-protein kinase II activity
down-regulation of tau-protein kinase II activity
downregulation of tau-tubulin kinase activity
down regulation of tau-tubulin kinase activity
down-regulation of tau-tubulin kinase activity
inhibition of [Tau protein] kinase activity
inhibition of brain protein kinase PK40erk activity
inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity
inhibition of protein tau kinase activity
inhibition of tau protein kinase activity
inhibition of tau-protein kinase activity
inhibition of tau-protein kinase I activity
inhibition of tau-protein kinase II activity
inhibition of tau-tubulin kinase activity
negative regulation of [Tau protein] kinase activity
negative regulation of brain protein kinase PK40erk activity
negative regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity
negative regulation of protein tau kinase activity
negative regulation of tau kinase activity
negative regulation of tau protein kinase activity
negative regulation of tau-protein kinase I activity
negative regulation of tau-protein kinase II activity
negative regulation of tau-tubulin kinase activity
negative regulation of dendritic spine maintenance
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic spine maintenance.
downregulation of dendritic spine maintenance
down regulation of dendritic spine maintenance
down-regulation of dendritic spine maintenance
inhibition of dendritic spine maintenance
regulation of dendritic spine maintenance
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic spine maintenance.
metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
Any metalloendopeptidase activity that is involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
metalloendopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
metalloendoprotease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolic process
metalloendoprotease activity involved in APP catabolism
metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
metalloendoproteinase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolic process
metalloendoproteinase activity involved in APP catabolism
aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
Any aspartic-type endopeptidase activity that is involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
aspartate protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
aspartate protease activity involved in APP catabolism
aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
aspartic endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
aspartic protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
aspartic protease activity involved in APP catabolism
aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolic process
aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in APP catabolism
aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
aspartyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
aspartyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein breakdown
carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolism
carboxyl protease activity involved in amyloid precursor protein degradation
carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolic process
carboxyl protease activity involved in APP catabolism
regulation of tau-protein kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tau-protein kinase activity.
regulation of [Tau protein] kinase activity
regulation of ATP:tau-protein O-phosphotransferase activity
regulation of brain protein kinase PK40erk activity
regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity
regulation of protein tau kinase activity
regulation of tau protein kinase activity
regulation of tau-protein kinase I activity
regulation of tau-protein kinase II activity
regulation of tau-tubulin kinase activity
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an early endosome.
negative regulation of protein K63-linked deubiquitination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked deubiquitination.
downregulation of protein K63-linked deubiquitination
down regulation of protein K63-linked deubiquitination
down-regulation of protein K63-linked deubiquitination
inhibition of protein K63-linked deubiquitination
regulation of protein K63-linked deubiquitination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked deubiquitination.
positive regulation of Lys63-specific deubiquitinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Lys63-specific deubiquitinase activity.
activation of Lys63-specific deubiquitinase activity
upregulation of Lys63-specific deubiquitinase activity
up regulation of Lys63-specific deubiquitinase activity
up-regulation of Lys63-specific deubiquitinase activity
positive regulation of protein K63-linked deubiquitination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked deubiquitination.
activation of protein K63-linked deubiquitination
upregulation of protein K63-linked deubiquitination
up regulation of protein K63-linked deubiquitination
up-regulation of protein K63-linked deubiquitination
negative regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier.
downregulation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier
down regulation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier
down-regulation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier
inhibition of lipid transport across blood brain barrier
negative regulation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier
regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier.
regulation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier
positive regulation of protein deubiquitination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein deubiquitination.
activation of protein deubiquitinylation
positive regulation of protein deubiquitinylation
positive regulation of protein deubiquitylation
upregulation of protein deubiquitination
up regulation of protein deubiquitination
up-regulation of protein deubiquitination
upregulation of protein deubiquitinylation
up regulation of protein deubiquitinylation
up-regulation of protein deubiquitinylation
upregulation of protein deubiquitylation
up regulation of protein deubiquitylation
up-regulation of protein deubiquitylation
positive regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier.
activation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier
positive regulation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier
upregulation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier
up regulation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier
up-regulation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier
negative regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurofibrillary tangle assembly.
downregulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
down regulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
down-regulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
downregulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
down regulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
down-regulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
downregulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly
down regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly
down-regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly
downregulation of neurofibrillary tangle formation
down regulation of neurofibrillary tangle formation
down-regulation of neurofibrillary tangle formation
downregulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
down regulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
down-regulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
downregulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
down regulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
down-regulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
inhibition of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
inhibition of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
inhibition of neurofibrillary tangle assembly
inhibition of neurofibrillary tangle formation
inhibition of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
inhibition of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
negative regulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
negative regulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
negative regulation of neurofibrillary tangle formation
negative regulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
negative regulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurofibrillary tangle assembly.
regulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
regulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
regulation of neurofibrillary tangle formation
regulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
regulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
negative regulation of phospholipid efflux
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux.
negative regulation of phospholipid export
positive regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurofibrillary tangle assembly.
activation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
activation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
activation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly
activation of neurofibrillary tangle formation
activation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
activation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
positive regulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
positive regulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
positive regulation of neurofibrillary tangle formation
positive regulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
positive regulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
upregulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
up regulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
up-regulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
upregulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
up regulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
up-regulation of flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
upregulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly
up regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly
up-regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly
upregulation of neurofibrillary tangle formation
up regulation of neurofibrillary tangle formation
up-regulation of neurofibrillary tangle formation
upregulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
up regulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
up-regulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
upregulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
up regulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
up-regulation of star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
activation of amyloid precursor protein breakdown
activation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
activation of amyloid precursor protein catabolism
activation of amyloid precursor protein degradation
positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein breakdown
positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolism
positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein degradation
positive regulation of APP catabolic process
upregulation of amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up regulation of amyloid precursor protein breakdown
up-regulation of amyloid precursor protein breakdown
upregulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
up-regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
upregulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolism
up-regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolism
upregulation of amyloid precursor protein degradation
up regulation of amyloid precursor protein degradation
up-regulation of amyloid precursor protein degradation
negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
downregulation of amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down regulation of amyloid precursor protein breakdown
down-regulation of amyloid precursor protein breakdown
downregulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
down-regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
downregulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolism
down-regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolism
downregulation of amyloid precursor protein degradation
down regulation of amyloid precursor protein degradation
down-regulation of amyloid precursor protein degradation
down regulation of APP catabolic process
down-regulation of APP catabolic process
inhibition of amyloid precursor protein breakdown
inhibition of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
inhibition of amyloid precursor protein catabolism
inhibition of amyloid precursor protein degradation
negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein breakdown
negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolism
negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein degradation
negative regulation of APP catabolic process
positive regulation of phospholipid efflux
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux.
positive regulation of phospholipid export
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux.
meiotic telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
Any telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication that is involved in meiotic cell cycle.
equal telomere replication involved in meiotic cell cycle
telomeric fork progression involved in meiotic cell cycle
telomeric replication fork progression involved in meiotic cell cycle
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a neurofibrillary tangle.
flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle assembly
star-shaped neurofibrillary tangle formation
regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
regulation of amyloid precursor protein breakdown
regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolism
regulation of amyloid precursor protein degradation
mitotic telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
Any telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
equal telomere replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
telomeric fork progression involved in mitotic cell cycle
telomeric replication fork progression involved in mitotic cell cycle
mitotic pre-replicative complex assembly
Any pre-replicative complex assembly involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
nuclear pre-replicative complex assembly involved in mitotic cell cycle
pre-replicative complex assembly involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
pre-replicative complex assembly involved in premeiotic DNA replication
Any pre-replicative complex assembly involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.
nuclear pre-replicative complex assembly involved in meiotic cell cycle
pre-RC complex assembly involved in meiosis
pre-replicative complex assembly involved in meiosis
pre-replicative complex assembly involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication
pre-replicative complex formation involved in meiosis
negative regulation of lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid.
downregulation of lysine anabolism via aminoadipic acid
down regulation of lysine anabolism via aminoadipic acid
down-regulation of lysine anabolism via aminoadipic acid
downregulation of lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic acid pathway
down regulation of lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic acid pathway
down-regulation of lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic acid pathway
downregulation of lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic pathway
down regulation of lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic pathway
down-regulation of lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic pathway
downregulation of lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic acid pathway
down regulation of lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic acid pathway
down-regulation of lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic acid pathway
downregulation of lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic pathway
down regulation of lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic pathway
down-regulation of lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic pathway
downregulation of lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid
down regulation of lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid
down-regulation of lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid
downregulation of lysine formation via aminoadipic acid
down regulation of lysine formation via aminoadipic acid
down-regulation of lysine formation via aminoadipic acid
downregulation of lysine synthesis via aminoadipic acid
down regulation of lysine synthesis via aminoadipic acid
down-regulation of lysine synthesis via aminoadipic acid
inhibition of lysine anabolism via aminoadipic acid
inhibition of lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic acid pathway
inhibition of lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic pathway
inhibition of lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic acid pathway
inhibition of lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic pathway
inhibition of lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid
inhibition of lysine formation via aminoadipic acid
inhibition of lysine synthesis via aminoadipic acid
negative regulation of lysine anabolism via aminoadipic acid
negative regulation of lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic acid pathway
negative regulation of lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic pathway
negative regulation of lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic acid pathway
negative regulation of lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic pathway
negative regulation of lysine formation via aminoadipic acid
negative regulation of lysine synthesis via aminoadipic acid
regulation of lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid.
regulation of lysine anabolism via aminoadipic acid
regulation of lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic acid pathway
regulation of lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic pathway
regulation of lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic acid pathway
regulation of lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic pathway
regulation of lysine formation via aminoadipic acid
regulation of lysine synthesis via aminoadipic acid
synthesis of RNA primer involved in mitotic DNA replication
Any synthesis of RNA primer involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
synthesis of RNA primer involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
synthesis of RNA primer involved in premeiotic DNA replication
Any synthesis of RNA primer involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.
synthesis of RNA primer involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication
DNA strand elongation involved in mitotic DNA replication
Any DNA strand elongation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA strand elongation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
DNA strand elongation involved in premeiotic DNA replication
Any DNA strand elongation involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA strand elongation involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication
mitotic DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly
Any DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
DNA replication preinitiation complex formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
pre-IC complex assembly involved in mitotic cell cycle
premeiotic DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly
Any DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly that is involved in meiotic cell cycle.
DNA replication preinitiation complex formation involved in meiotic cell cycle
pre-IC complex assembly involved in meiotic cell cycle
Any DNA replication termination involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA replication termination involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
Any DNA replication termination involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA replication termination involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication
DNA replication termination involved in meiotic DNA replication
regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.
positive regulation of response to wounding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding.
activation of physiological response to wounding
positive regulation of physiological response to wounding
upregulation of physiological response to wounding
up regulation of physiological response to wounding
up-regulation of physiological response to wounding
positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.
activation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion
positive regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion
up regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion
up-regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion
upregulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
up regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
up-regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.
downregulation of leukocyte cell adhesion
down regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion
down-regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion
downregulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
down regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
down-regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
inhibition of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
negative regulation of leukocyte adhesion
negative regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion
positive regulation of microtubule plus-end binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.
activation of microtubule plus-end binding
upregulation of microtubule plus-end binding
up regulation of microtubule plus-end binding
up-regulation of microtubule plus-end binding
negative regulation of microtubule plus-end binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.
downregulation of microtubule plus-end binding
down regulation of microtubule plus-end binding
down-regulation of microtubule plus-end binding
inhibition of microtubule plus-end binding
negative regulation of response to wounding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding.
downregulation of physiological response to wounding
down regulation of physiological response to wounding
down-regulation of physiological response to wounding
inhibition of physiological response to wounding
negative regulation of physiological response to wounding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding.
regulation of physiological response to wounding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of opsonization.
regulation of microtubule plus-end binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.
regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.
positive regulation of ascospore-type prospore membrane formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of formation of an ascospore-type prospore membrane.
activation of ascospore-type prospore membrane assembly
activation of forespore membrane biosynthesis
activation of forespore membrane formation
positive regulation of ascospore-type prospore membrane assembly
positive regulation of forespore membrane biosynthesis
positive regulation of forespore membrane formation
upregulation of ascospore-type prospore membrane assembly
up regulation of ascospore-type prospore membrane assembly
up-regulation of ascospore-type prospore membrane assembly
upregulation of forespore membrane biosynthesis
up regulation of forespore membrane biosynthesis
up-regulation of forespore membrane biosynthesis
upregulation of forespore membrane formation
up regulation of forespore membrane formation
up-regulation of forespore membrane formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of opsonization.
negative regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.
downregulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
down regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
down-regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inhibition of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
regulation of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands.
positive regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process.
activation of glycoprotein metabolic process
positive regulation of glycoprotein metabolism
upregulation of glycoprotein metabolic process
up regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process
up-regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process
up regulation of glycoprotein metabolism
up-regulation of glycoprotein metabolism
regulation of ascospore-type prospore membrane formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of formation of an ascospore-type prospore membrane.
regulation of ascospore-type prospore membrane assembly
regulation of forespore membrane biosynthesis
regulation of forespore membrane formation
positive regulation of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands.
activation of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands
upregulation of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands
up regulation of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands
up-regulation of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands
positive regulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exo-alpha-sialidase activity.
activation of acetylneuraminidase activity
activation of acetylneuraminyl hydrolase activity
activation of alpha-neuraminidase activity
activation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity
activation of N-acylneuraminate glycohydrolase activity
positive regulation of acetylneuraminidase activity
positive regulation of acetylneuraminyl hydrolase activity
positive regulation of alpha-neuraminidase activity
positive regulation of N-acylneuraminate glycohydrolase activity
positive regulation of neuraminidase activity
positive regulation of sialidase activity
upregulation of acetylneuraminidase activity
up regulation of acetylneuraminidase activity
up-regulation of acetylneuraminidase activity
upregulation of acetylneuraminyl hydrolase activity
up regulation of acetylneuraminyl hydrolase activity
up-regulation of acetylneuraminyl hydrolase activity
upregulation of alpha-neuraminidase activity
up regulation of alpha-neuraminidase activity
up-regulation of alpha-neuraminidase activity
upregulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity
up regulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity
up-regulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity
upregulation of N-acylneuraminate glycohydrolase activity
up regulation of N-acylneuraminate glycohydrolase activity
up-regulation of N-acylneuraminate glycohydrolase activity
negative regulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exo-alpha-sialidase activity.
downregulation of acetylneuraminidase activity
down regulation of acetylneuraminidase activity
down-regulation of acetylneuraminidase activity
downregulation of acetylneuraminyl hydrolase activity
down regulation of acetylneuraminyl hydrolase activity
down-regulation of acetylneuraminyl hydrolase activity
downregulation of alpha-neuraminidase activity
down regulation of alpha-neuraminidase activity
down-regulation of alpha-neuraminidase activity
downregulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity
down regulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity
down-regulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity
downregulation of N-acylneuraminate glycohydrolase activity
down regulation of N-acylneuraminate glycohydrolase activity
down-regulation of N-acylneuraminate glycohydrolase activity
downregulation of neuraminidase activity
down regulation of neuraminidase activity
down-regulation of neuraminidase activity
inhibition of acetylneuraminidase activity
inhibition of acetylneuraminyl hydrolase activity
inhibition of alpha-neuraminidase activity
inhibition of exo-alpha-sialidase activity
inhibition of N-acylneuraminate glycohydrolase activity
negative regulation of acetylneuraminidase activity
negative regulation of acetylneuraminyl hydrolase activity
negative regulation of alpha-neuraminidase activity
negative regulation of N-acylneuraminate glycohydrolase activity
negative regulation of neuraminidase activity
negative regulation of sialidase activity
negative regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process.
downregulation of glycoprotein metabolic process
down regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process
down-regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process
downregulation of glycoprotein metabolism
down regulation of glycoprotein metabolism
down-regulation of glycoprotein metabolism
inhibition of glycoprotein metabolic process
negative regulation of glycoprotein metabolism
regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process.
response to differentiation-inducing factor 1
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one stimulus.
response to 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone development.
regulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exo-alpha-sialidase activity.
regulation of acetylneuraminidase activity
regulation of acetylneuraminyl hydrolase activity
regulation of alpha-neuraminidase activity
regulation of N-acylneuraminate glycohydrolase activity
cellular response to differentiation-inducing factor 1
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one stimulus.
cellular response to 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one
The disaggregation of a proteasome complex into its constituent components.
The disaggregation of an organelle into its constituent components.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone development.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone development.
regulation of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolic process
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolism
regulation of ER-associated protein breakdown
regulation of ER-associated protein catabolic process
regulation of ER-associated protein catabolism
regulation of ER-associated protein degradation
positive regulation of protein localization to cell tip
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell tip.
activation of protein localisation to cell tip
activation of protein localization to cell tip
positive regulation of protein localisation to cell tip
upregulation of protein localisation to cell tip
up regulation of protein localisation to cell tip
up-regulation of protein localisation to cell tip
upregulation of protein localization to cell tip
up regulation of protein localization to cell tip
up-regulation of protein localization to cell tip
positive regulation of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
activation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolic process
activation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolism
activation of ER-associated protein breakdown
activation of ER-associated protein catabolic process
activation of ER-associated protein catabolism
activation of ER-associated protein degradation
activation of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolic process
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolism
positive regulation of ER-associated protein breakdown
positive regulation of ER-associated protein catabolic process
positive regulation of ER-associated protein catabolism
positive regulation of ER-associated protein degradation
upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolic process
up regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolic process
up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolic process
upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolism
up regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolism
up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolism
upregulation of ER-associated protein breakdown
up regulation of ER-associated protein breakdown
up-regulation of ER-associated protein breakdown
upregulation of ER-associated protein catabolic process
up regulation of ER-associated protein catabolic process
up-regulation of ER-associated protein catabolic process
upregulation of ER-associated protein catabolism
up regulation of ER-associated protein catabolism
up-regulation of ER-associated protein catabolism
upregulation of ER-associated protein degradation
up regulation of ER-associated protein degradation
up-regulation of ER-associated protein degradation
upregulation of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
up regulation of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
up-regulation of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
negative regulation of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolic process
down regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolic process
down-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolic process
downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolism
down regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolism
down-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolism
downregulation of ER-associated protein breakdown
down regulation of ER-associated protein breakdown
down-regulation of ER-associated protein breakdown
downregulation of ER-associated protein catabolic process
down regulation of ER-associated protein catabolic process
down-regulation of ER-associated protein catabolic process
downregulation of ER-associated protein catabolism
down regulation of ER-associated protein catabolism
down-regulation of ER-associated protein catabolism
downregulation of ER-associated protein degradation
down regulation of ER-associated protein degradation
down-regulation of ER-associated protein degradation
downregulation of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
down regulation of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
down-regulation of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolic process
inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolism
inhibition of ER-associated protein breakdown
inhibition of ER-associated protein catabolic process
inhibition of ER-associated protein catabolism
inhibition of ER-associated protein degradation
inhibition of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolic process
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolism
negative regulation of ER-associated protein breakdown
negative regulation of ER-associated protein catabolic process
negative regulation of ER-associated protein catabolism
negative regulation of ER-associated protein degradation
obsolete protein localization to cell tip involved in positive regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape
OBSOLETE. Any protein localization to cell tip that is involved in positive regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.
positive regulation of reverse cholesterol transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reverse cholesterol transport.
activation of reverse cholesterol transport
upregulation of reverse cholesterol transport
up regulation of reverse cholesterol transport
up-regulation of reverse cholesterol transport
negative regulation of protein localization to cell tip
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell tip.
downregulation of protein localisation to cell tip
down regulation of protein localisation to cell tip
down-regulation of protein localisation to cell tip
downregulation of protein localization to cell tip
down regulation of protein localization to cell tip
down-regulation of protein localization to cell tip
inhibition of protein localisation to cell tip
inhibition of protein localization to cell tip
negative regulation of protein localisation to cell tip
regulation of protein localization to cell tip
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell tip.
regulation of protein localisation to cell tip
positive regulation of protein lipidation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein lipidation.
activation of lipid:protein modification
activation of protein amino acid lipidation
positive regulation of lipid:protein modification
positive regulation of protein amino acid lipidation
upregulation of lipid:protein modification
up regulation of lipid:protein modification
up-regulation of lipid:protein modification
upregulation of protein amino acid lipidation
up regulation of protein amino acid lipidation
up-regulation of protein amino acid lipidation
negative regulation of protein lipidation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein lipidation.
downregulation of lipid:protein modification
down regulation of lipid:protein modification
down-regulation of lipid:protein modification
downregulation of protein amino acid lipidation
down regulation of protein amino acid lipidation
down-regulation of protein amino acid lipidation
inhibition of lipid:protein modification
inhibition of protein amino acid lipidation
negative regulation of lipid:protein modification
negative regulation of protein amino acid lipidation
negative regulation of reverse cholesterol transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reverse cholesterol transport.
downregulation of reverse cholesterol transport
down regulation of reverse cholesterol transport
down-regulation of reverse cholesterol transport
inhibition of reverse cholesterol transport
regulation of reverse cholesterol transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reverse cholesterol transport.
negative regulation of melanosome organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome organization.
downregulation of melanosome organisation
down regulation of melanosome organisation
down-regulation of melanosome organisation
downregulation of melanosome organization
down regulation of melanosome organization
down-regulation of melanosome organization
downregulation of melanosome organization and biogenesis
down regulation of melanosome organization and biogenesis
down-regulation of melanosome organization and biogenesis
inhibition of melanosome organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of melanosome organisation
negative regulation of melanosome organization and biogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome organization.
regulation of melanosome organization and biogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein lipidation.
regulation of lipid:protein modification
regulation of protein amino acid lipidation
positive regulation of melanosome organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome organization.
activation of melanosome organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of melanosome organisation
positive regulation of melanosome organization and biogenesis
up regulation of melanosome organisation
up-regulation of melanosome organisation
up regulation of melanosome organization
up-regulation of melanosome organization
upregulation of melanosome organization and biogenesis
up regulation of melanosome organization and biogenesis
up-regulation of melanosome organization and biogenesis
regulation of extracellular matrix organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization.
regulation of extracellular matrix organisation
regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process.
activation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
activation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolism
activation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
activation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolism
activation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
activation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolism
activation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
positive regulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
positive regulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolism
positive regulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
positive regulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolism
positive regulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
positive regulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolism
positive regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
upregulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
up regulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
up-regulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
upregulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolism
up regulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolism
up-regulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolism
upregulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
up regulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
up-regulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
upregulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolism
up regulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolism
up-regulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolism
upregulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
up regulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
up-regulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
upregulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolism
up regulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolism
up-regulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolism
upregulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
up regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
up-regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
positive regulation of extracellular matrix organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization.
activation of extracellular matrix organisation
activation of extracellular matrix organization
activation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of extracellular matrix organisation
positive regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
upregulation of extracellular matrix organisation
up regulation of extracellular matrix organisation
up-regulation of extracellular matrix organisation
upregulation of extracellular matrix organization
up regulation of extracellular matrix organization
up-regulation of extracellular matrix organization
upregulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
up regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
up-regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of extracellular matrix organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization.
downregulation of extracellular matrix organisation
down regulation of extracellular matrix organisation
down-regulation of extracellular matrix organisation
downregulation of extracellular matrix organization
down regulation of extracellular matrix organization
down-regulation of extracellular matrix organization
downregulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
down regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
down-regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
inhibition of extracellular matrix organisation
inhibition of extracellular matrix organization
inhibition of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of extracellular matrix organisation
negative regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity.
downregulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity
down regulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity
down-regulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity
inhibition of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity
regulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity.
negative regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process.
downregulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
down regulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
down-regulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
downregulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolism
down regulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolism
down-regulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolism
downregulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
down regulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
down-regulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
downregulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolism
down regulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolism
down-regulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolism
downregulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
down regulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
down-regulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
downregulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolism
down regulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolism
down-regulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolism
downregulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
down regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
down-regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
inhibition of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
inhibition of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolism
inhibition of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
inhibition of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolism
inhibition of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
inhibition of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolism
inhibition of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
negative regulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
negative regulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolism
negative regulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
negative regulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolism
negative regulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
negative regulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolism
negative regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proteolysis involved in cellular catabolic process.
regulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
regulation of peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolism
regulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
regulation of peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolism
regulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
regulation of proteolysis during cellular protein catabolism
regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
neural crest cell migration involved in sympathetic nervous system development
Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in sympathetic nervous system development.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a membrane raft.
A process that is part of the mitotic cell cycle.
A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte hypertrophy.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an exon-exon junction complex.
positive regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte hypertrophy.
up regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy
up-regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy
negative regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte hypertrophy.
downregulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy
down regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy
down-regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate.
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate breakdown
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate catabolism
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate degradation
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate.
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate metabolism
A protein complex which is capable of potassium:proton antiporter activity.
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate.
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate anabolism
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate biosynthesis
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate formation
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate synthesis
obsolete regulation of CENP-A containing nucleosome assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A to form centromeric chromatin. This specialised chromatin occurs at centromeric region in point centromeres, and the central core in modular centromeres.
protein localization to meiotic spindle midzone
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a meiotic spindle midzone.
protein localisation in meiotic spindle midzone
protein localisation to meiotic spindle midzone
protein localization in meiotic spindle midzone
obsolete positive regulation of CENP-A containing nucleosome assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A to form centromeric chromatin. This specialised chromatin occurs at centromeric region in point centromeres, and the central core in modular centromeres.
obsolete negative regulation of CENP-A containing nucleosome assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A to form centromeric chromatin. This specialised chromatin occurs at centromeric region in point centromeres, and the central core in modular centromeres.
regulation of protein K48-linked deubiquitination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein K48-linked deubiquitination.
The process in which pyridoxine is transported across a membrane.
A protein complex which is capable of ribonuclease III activity.
negative regulation of protein K48-linked deubiquitination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein K48-linked deubiquitination.
downregulation of protein K48-linked deubiquitination
down regulation of protein K48-linked deubiquitination
down-regulation of protein K48-linked deubiquitination
inhibition of protein K48-linked deubiquitination
5-amino-1-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of 5-amino-1-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide from one side of a membrane to the other.
5-amino-1-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide transmembrane transport
The process in which 5-amino-1-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide is transported across a membrane.
The process in which pyridoxamine is transported across a membrane.
The process in which pyridoxal is transported across a membrane.
regulation of sinapate ester biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sinapate ester biosynthesis.
regulation of sinapate ester biosynthesis
protein localization to condensed nuclear chromosome
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a condensed nuclear chromosome.
protein localisation in condensed nuclear chromosome
protein localisation to condensed nuclear chromosome
protein localization in condensed nuclear chromosome
Any spindle pole body duplication that is involved in the mitotic cell cycle.
spindle pole body assembly involved in mitotic cell cycle
spindle pole body biogenesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
spindle pole body biosynthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
spindle pole body duplication associated with nuclear envelope involved in mitotic cell cycle
spindle pole body duplication in cytoplasm involved in mitotic cell cycle
spindle pole body duplication involved in mitotic cell cycle
spindle pole body formation involved in mitotic cell cycle
spindle pole body replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of sinapate ester biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sinapate ester biosynthesis.
downregulation of sinapate ester anabolism
down regulation of sinapate ester anabolism
down-regulation of sinapate ester anabolism
downregulation of sinapate ester biosynthesis
down regulation of sinapate ester biosynthesis
down-regulation of sinapate ester biosynthesis
downregulation of sinapate ester biosynthetic process
down regulation of sinapate ester biosynthetic process
down-regulation of sinapate ester biosynthetic process
downregulation of sinapate ester formation
down regulation of sinapate ester formation
down-regulation of sinapate ester formation
downregulation of sinapate ester synthesis
down regulation of sinapate ester synthesis
down-regulation of sinapate ester synthesis
inhibition of sinapate ester biosynthesis
inhibition of sinapate ester biosynthetic process
negative regulation of sinapate ester anabolism
negative regulation of sinapate ester biosynthesis
negative regulation of sinapate ester formation
negative regulation of sinapate ester synthesis
negative regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway.
downregulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway
down regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway
down-regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway
downregulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signalling pathway
down regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signalling pathway
down-regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signalling pathway
downregulation of CCR7 signaling pathway
down regulation of CCR7 signaling pathway
down-regulation of CCR7 signaling pathway
inhibition of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway
inhibition of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signalling pathway
negative regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signalling pathway
negative regulation of CCR7 signaling pathway
regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway.
regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signalling pathway
protein localization to condensed chromosome
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a condensed chromosome.
protein localisation in condensed chromosome
protein localisation to condensed chromosome
protein localization in condensed chromosome
positive regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway.
activation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway
activation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signalling pathway
positive regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signalling pathway
positive regulation of CCR7 signaling pathway
upregulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway
up regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway
up-regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway
upregulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signalling pathway
up regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signalling pathway
up-regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signalling pathway
negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.
downregulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane
down regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane
down-regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane
downregulation of protein localization in plasma membrane
down regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane
down-regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane
downregulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
down regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
down-regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
downregulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting
down regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting
down-regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting
downregulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane
down regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane
down-regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane
inhibition of protein localisation in plasma membrane
inhibition of protein localization in plasma membrane
inhibition of protein localization to plasma membrane
inhibition of protein-plasma membrane targeting
inhibition of protein targeting to plasma membrane
negative regulation of establishment of protein localisation in plasma membrane
negative regulation of establishment of protein localization in plasma membrane
negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane
negative regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane
negative regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane
negative regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting
negative regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane
regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.
regulation of establishment of protein localisation in plasma membrane
regulation of establishment of protein localization in plasma membrane
regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane
regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane
regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane
regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting
regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane
obsolete negative regulation of protein localization to cell tip involved in positive regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape
OBSOLETE. Any negative regulation of protein localization to cell tip that is involved in positive regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.
positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.
activation of protein localisation in plasma membrane
activation of protein localization in plasma membrane
activation of protein localization to plasma membrane
activation of protein-plasma membrane targeting
activation of protein targeting to plasma membrane
positive regulation of establishment of protein localisation in plasma membrane
positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane
positive regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane
positive regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane
positive regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting
positive regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane
upregulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane
up regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane
up-regulation of protein localisation in plasma membrane
upregulation of protein localization in plasma membrane
up regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane
up-regulation of protein localization in plasma membrane
upregulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
up regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
up-regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
upregulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting
up regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting
up-regulation of protein-plasma membrane targeting
upregulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane
up regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane
up-regulation of protein targeting to plasma membrane
negative regulation of death-inducing signaling complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of death-inducing signaling complex assembly.
downregulation of DD-mediated complex assembly
down regulation of DD-mediated complex assembly
down-regulation of DD-mediated complex assembly
downregulation of death domain-mediated complex assembly
down regulation of death domain-mediated complex assembly
down-regulation of death domain-mediated complex assembly
downregulation of death domain-mediated complex assembly involved in extrinsic apoptotic pathway
down regulation of death domain-mediated complex assembly involved in extrinsic apoptotic pathway
down-regulation of death domain-mediated complex assembly involved in extrinsic apoptotic pathway
downregulation of death-inducing signaling complex assembly
down regulation of death-inducing signaling complex assembly
down-regulation of death-inducing signaling complex assembly
downregulation of death-inducing signaling complex formation
down regulation of death-inducing signaling complex formation
down-regulation of death-inducing signaling complex formation
downregulation of death-inducing signalling complex assembly
down regulation of death-inducing signalling complex assembly
down-regulation of death-inducing signalling complex assembly
inhibition of DD-mediated complex assembly
inhibition of death domain-mediated complex assembly
inhibition of death domain-mediated complex assembly involved in extrinsic apoptotic pathway
inhibition of death-inducing signaling complex assembly
inhibition of death-inducing signaling complex formation
inhibition of death-inducing signalling complex assembly
negative regulation of DD-mediated complex assembly
negative regulation of death domain-mediated complex assembly
negative regulation of death domain-mediated complex assembly involved in extrinsic apoptotic pathway
negative regulation of death-inducing signaling complex formation
negative regulation of death-inducing signalling complex assembly
regulation of death-inducing signaling complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of death-inducing signaling complex assembly.
regulation of DD-mediated complex assembly
regulation of death domain-mediated complex assembly
regulation of death domain-mediated complex assembly involved in extrinsic apoptotic pathway
regulation of death-inducing signaling complex formation
regulation of death-inducing signalling complex assembly
pyridoxine import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of pyridoxine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex.
TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex formation
TRAIL death-inducing signalling complex assembly
TRAIL death-inducing signalling complex formation
negative regulation of tube lumen cavitation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tube lumen cavitation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tube lumen cavitation.
obsolete trehalose catabolic process involved in cellular response to stress
OBSOLETE. Any trehalose catabolic process that is involved in cellular response to stress.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mononuclear cell.
negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity by peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
A peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation that results in negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity.
negative regulation of thiol peroxidase activity by peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
negative regulation of TPx activity by peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
negative regulation of TrxPx activity by peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thioredoxin peroxidase activity.
downregulation of thiol peroxidase activity
down regulation of thiol peroxidase activity
down-regulation of thiol peroxidase activity
downregulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity
down regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity
down-regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity
inhibition of thioredoxin peroxidase activity
negative regulation of thiol peroxidase activity
positive regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centriole-centriole cohesion.
activation of centriole-centriole cohesion
upregulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
up regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
up-regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
negative regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centriole-centriole cohesion.
downregulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
down regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
down-regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
inhibition of centriole-centriole cohesion
regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway.
regulation of TRAIL-activated extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
regulation of TRAIL-induced apoptotic signaling pathway
regulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand apoptotic signaling pathway
protein localization to actin filament bundle
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the location of an actin filament bundle.
protein localisation in actin filament bundle
protein localisation to actin filament bundle
protein localization in actin filament bundle
regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thioredoxin peroxidase activity.
negative regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway.
downregulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway
down regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway
down-regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway
downregulation of TRAIL-activated extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
down regulation of TRAIL-activated extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
down-regulation of TRAIL-activated extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
downregulation of TRAIL-induced apoptotic signaling pathway
down regulation of TRAIL-induced apoptotic signaling pathway
down-regulation of TRAIL-induced apoptotic signaling pathway
downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand apoptotic signaling pathway
down regulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand apoptotic signaling pathway
down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand apoptotic signaling pathway
inhibition of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway
inhibition of TRAIL-activated extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
inhibition of TRAIL-induced apoptotic signaling pathway
inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand apoptotic signaling pathway
negative regulation of TRAIL-activated extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
negative regulation of TRAIL-induced apoptotic signaling pathway
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand apoptotic signaling pathway
obsolete regulation of actin filament organization involved in cytokinetic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament organization involved in cytokinetic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
positive regulation of actin filament-based movement
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament-based movement.
activation of actin filament-based movement
upregulation of actin filament-based movement
up regulation of actin filament-based movement
up-regulation of actin filament-based movement
protein localization to actin cytoskeleton
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the location of an actin cytoskeleton.
protein localisation in actin cytoskeleton
protein localisation to actin cytoskeleton
protein localization in actin cytoskeleton
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of urate within an organism or cell.
copper ion transmembrane transporter complex
A protein complex which is capable of copper ion transmembrane transporter activity.
positive regulation of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination.
activation of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination
upregulation of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination
up regulation of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination
up-regulation of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination
regulation of actin filament-based movement
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament-based movement.
silver ion transmembrane transporter complex
A protein complex which is capable of silver ion transmembrane transporter activity.
positive regulation of mitochondrial transcription
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription occuring in the mitochondrion.
activation of mitochondrial transcription
activation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter
positive regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter
upregulation of mitochondrial transcription
up regulation of mitochondrial transcription
up-regulation of mitochondrial transcription
upregulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter
up regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter
up-regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter
regulation of mitochondrial transcription
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription occuring in the mitochondrion.
regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter
negative regulation of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination.
downregulation of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination
down regulation of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination
down-regulation of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination
inhibition of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination
regulation of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination.
obsolete negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of adult lifespan
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of adult lifespan.
obsolete regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of adult lifespan
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of adult lifespan.
insulin receptor signaling pathway involved in dauer larval development
Any insulin receptor signaling pathway that is involved in dauer larval development.
daf-2 receptor signaling pathway involved in dauer larval development
insulin receptor signalling pathway involved in dauer larval development
obsolete positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of adult lifespan
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of adult lifespan.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polycyclic arene stimulus.
obsolete succinate transmembrane transporter activity involved in succinate import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any succinate transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in succinate import into cell.
regulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity.
regulation of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity
regulation of L-proline:NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
regulation of L-proline-NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
regulation of L-proline oxidase activity
regulation of NADPH-L-delta1-pyrroline carboxylic acid reductase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polycyclic arene stimulus.
obsolete pantothenate transmembrane transporter activity involved in pantothenate import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any pantothenate transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in pantothenate import into cell.
obsolete nickel cation transmembrane transporter activity involved in nickel cation import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any nickel cation transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in nickel cation import into cell.
obsolete sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in sodium ion import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in sodium ion import into cell.
obsolete serine transmembrane transporter activity involved in serine import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any serine transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in serine import into cell.
obsolete iron ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in iron ion import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any iron ion transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in iron ion import into cell.
obsolete guanine transmembrane transporter activity involved in guanine import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any guanine transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in guanine import into cell.
obsolete malate transmembrane transporter activity involved in malate import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any malate transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in malate import into cell.
obsolete L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity involved in L-glutamate import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in L-glutamate import into cell.
obsolete ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity involved in ferrous iron import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in ferrous iron import into cell.
obsolete copper ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in copper ion import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any copper ion transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in copper ion import into cell.
obsolete glutathione transmembrane transporter activity involved in glutathione import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any glutathione transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in glutathione import into cell.
obsolete glucose transmembrane transporter activity involved in glucose import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any glucose transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in glucose import into cell.
obsolete adenine transmembrane transporter activity involved in adenine import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any adenine transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in adenine import into cell.
obsolete uracil transmembrane transporter activity involved in uracil import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any uracil transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in uracil import into cell.
obsolete carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity involved in carbohydrate import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in carbohydrate import into cell.
obsolete calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in calcium ion import into cell
OBSOLETE. Any calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in calcium ion import into cell.
actin filament of cell cortex of cell tip
Any actin filament that is part of a cell cortex of cell tip.
actin filament of cell cortex of cell end
microfilament of cell cortex of cell end
microfilament of cell cortex of cell tip
actomyosin contractile ring actin filament
Any actin filament that is part of a actomyosin contractile ring.
actin filament of actomyosin contractile ring
actin filament of contractile actomyosin ring
negative regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation by autophagy.
down regulation of mitochondrial degradation
downregulation of mitochondrion degradation
down regulation of mitochondrion degradation
down-regulation of mitochondrion degradation
regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation by an autophagic process.
negative regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.
downregulation of establishment of endothelial barrier
down regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier
down-regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier
inhibition of establishment of endothelial barrier
regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.
A transmembrane, G protein-coupled signalling receptor complex which is capable of adrenomedullin receptor activity.
positive regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.
activation of establishment of endothelial barrier
upregulation of establishment of endothelial barrier
up regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier
up-regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier
regulation of cell wall integrity MAPK cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis.
regulation of cell integrity MAPK pathway
regulation of cell wall biogenesis, MAPKKK cascade
regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
regulation of MAPKKK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
regulation of Pmk1 MAPK cell integrity signaling
regulation of PMK1-MAPK signal transduction pathway
regulation of Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell integrity pathway
positive regulation of cell wall integrity MAPK cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis.
activation of cell integrity MAPK pathway
activation of cell wall biogenesis, MAPKKK cascade
activation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
activation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
activation of MAPKKK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
activation of Pmk1 MAPK cell integrity signaling
activation of PMK1-MAPK signal transduction pathway
activation of Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell integrity pathway
positive regulation of cell integrity MAPK pathway
positive regulation of cell wall biogenesis, MAPKKK cascade
positive regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
positive regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
positive regulation of Pmk1 MAPK cell integrity signaling
positive regulation of PMK1-MAPK signal transduction pathway
positive regulation of Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell integrity pathway
upregulation of cell integrity MAPK pathway
up regulation of cell integrity MAPK pathway
up-regulation of cell integrity MAPK pathway
upregulation of cell wall biogenesis, MAPKKK cascade
up regulation of cell wall biogenesis, MAPKKK cascade
up-regulation of cell wall biogenesis, MAPKKK cascade
upregulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
up regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
up-regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
upregulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
up regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
up-regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
upregulation of MAPKKK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
up regulation of MAPKKK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
up-regulation of MAPKKK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
upregulation of Pmk1 MAPK cell integrity signaling
up regulation of Pmk1 MAPK cell integrity signaling
up-regulation of Pmk1 MAPK cell integrity signaling
upregulation of PMK1-MAPK signal transduction pathway
up regulation of PMK1-MAPK signal transduction pathway
up-regulation of PMK1-MAPK signal transduction pathway
upregulation of Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell integrity pathway
up regulation of Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell integrity pathway
up-regulation of Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell integrity pathway
negative regulation of cell wall integrity MAPK cascade
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis.
downregulation of cell integrity MAPK pathway
down regulation of cell integrity MAPK pathway
down-regulation of cell integrity MAPK pathway
downregulation of cell wall biogenesis, MAPKKK cascade
down regulation of cell wall biogenesis, MAPKKK cascade
down-regulation of cell wall biogenesis, MAPKKK cascade
downregulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
down regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
down-regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
downregulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
down regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
down-regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
downregulation of MAPKKK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
down regulation of MAPKKK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
down-regulation of MAPKKK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
downregulation of Pmk1 MAPK cell integrity signaling
down regulation of Pmk1 MAPK cell integrity signaling
down-regulation of Pmk1 MAPK cell integrity signaling
downregulation of PMK1-MAPK signal transduction pathway
down regulation of PMK1-MAPK signal transduction pathway
down-regulation of PMK1-MAPK signal transduction pathway
downregulation of Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell integrity pathway
down regulation of Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell integrity pathway
down-regulation of Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell integrity pathway
inhibition of cell integrity MAPK pathway
inhibition of cell wall biogenesis, MAPKKK cascade
inhibition of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
inhibition of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
inhibition of MAPKKK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
inhibition of Pmk1 MAPK cell integrity signaling
inhibition of PMK1-MAPK signal transduction pathway
inhibition of Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell integrity pathway
negative regulation of cell integrity MAPK pathway
negative regulation of cell wall biogenesis, MAPKKK cascade
negative regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
negative regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis
negative regulation of MAPKKK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis
negative regulation of Pmk1 MAPK cell integrity signaling
negative regulation of PMK1-MAPK signal transduction pathway
negative regulation of Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell integrity pathway
positive regulation of L-dopa biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa biosynthetic process.
activation of L-dopa biosynthetic process
positive regulation of L-dopa biosynthesis
upregulation of L-dopa biosynthetic process
up regulation of L-dopa biosynthetic process
up-regulation of L-dopa biosynthetic process
negative regulation of L-dopa biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa biosynthetic process.
downregulation of L-dopa biosynthetic process
down regulation of L-dopa biosynthetic process
down-regulation of L-dopa biosynthetic process
inhibition of L-dopa biosynthetic process
negative regulation of L-dopa biosynthesis
negative regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa decarboxylase activity.
downregulation of 4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine decarboxylase activity
down regulation of 4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine decarboxylase activity
down-regulation of 4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine decarboxylase activity
downregulation of DOPA decarboxylase activity
down regulation of DOPA decarboxylase activity
down-regulation of DOPA decarboxylase activity
downregulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity
down regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity
down-regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity
inhibition of 4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine decarboxylase activity
inhibition of DOPA decarboxylase activity
inhibition of L-dopa decarboxylase activity
negative regulation of 4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine decarboxylase activity
negative regulation of DOPA decarboxylase activity
regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa decarboxylase activity.
regulation of 4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine decarboxylase activity
regulation of DOPA decarboxylase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sesquarterpene.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquarterpene.
regulation of L-dopa biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa biosynthetic process.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyoxal.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitellogenesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glyoxal.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxal.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-dopa.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-dopa.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vitellogenesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitellogenesis.
positive regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process.
activation of dopamine biosynthetic process
positive regulation of dopamine anabolism
positive regulation of dopamine biosynthesis
positive regulation of dopamine formation
positive regulation of dopamine synthesis
upregulation of dopamine biosynthetic process
up regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process
up-regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process
negative regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process.
down regulation of dopamine biosynthesis
down-regulation of dopamine biosynthesis
downregulation of dopamine biosynthetic process
down regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process
down-regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process
inhibition of dopamine biosynthetic process
negative regulation of dopamine anabolism
negative regulation of dopamine biosynthesis
negative regulation of dopamine formation
negative regulation of dopamine synthesis
negative regulation of SUMO transferase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of SUMO ligase activity.
downregulation of SMT3 conjugating enzyme
down regulation of SMT3 conjugating enzyme
down-regulation of SMT3 conjugating enzyme
downregulation of SUMO conjugating enzyme activity
down regulation of SUMO conjugating enzyme activity
down-regulation of SUMO conjugating enzyme activity
inhibition of SUMO conjugating enzyme activity
negative regulation of SMT3 conjugating enzyme
negative regulation of SUMO conjugating enzyme activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of SUMO ligase activity.
regulation of SUMO conjugating enzyme activity
negative regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity.
downregulation of L-tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
down regulation of L-tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
down-regulation of L-tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
downregulation of L-tyrosine hydroxylase activity
down regulation of L-tyrosine hydroxylase activity
down-regulation of L-tyrosine hydroxylase activity
downregulation of tyrosine 3-hydroxylase activity
down regulation of tyrosine 3-hydroxylase activity
down-regulation of tyrosine 3-hydroxylase activity
downregulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity
down regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity
down-regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity
downregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity
down regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity
down-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity
inhibition of L-tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
inhibition of L-tyrosine hydroxylase activity
inhibition of tyrosine 3-hydroxylase activity
inhibition of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity
inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase activity
negative regulation of L-tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
negative regulation of L-tyrosine hydroxylase activity
negative regulation of tyrosine 3-hydroxylase activity
negative regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity
regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity.
regulation of L-tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
regulation of L-tyrosine hydroxylase activity
regulation of tyrosine 3-hydroxylase activity
regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity
regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity.
activation of L-tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
activation of L-tyrosine hydroxylase activity
activation of tyrosine 3-hydroxylase activity
activation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity
activation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity
positive regulation of L-tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
positive regulation of L-tyrosine hydroxylase activity
positive regulation of tyrosine 3-hydroxylase activity
positive regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity
upregulation of L-tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
up regulation of L-tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
up-regulation of L-tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
upregulation of L-tyrosine hydroxylase activity
up regulation of L-tyrosine hydroxylase activity
up-regulation of L-tyrosine hydroxylase activity
upregulation of tyrosine 3-hydroxylase activity
up regulation of tyrosine 3-hydroxylase activity
up-regulation of tyrosine 3-hydroxylase activity
upregulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity
up regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity
up-regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity
upregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity
up regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity
up-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty alcohol.
obsolete cellular carbon dioxide homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of carbon dioxide at the level of the cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty alcohol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty alcohol.
regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport.
regulation of calcium ion membrane transport
regulation of transmembrane calcium transport
positive regulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity.
activation of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity
activation of L-proline:NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
activation of L-proline-NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
activation of L-proline oxidase activity
activation of NADPH-L-delta1-pyrroline carboxylic acid reductase activity
activation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity
positive regulation of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity
positive regulation of L-proline:NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of L-proline-NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of L-proline oxidase activity
positive regulation of NADPH-L-delta1-pyrroline carboxylic acid reductase activity
upregulation of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity
up regulation of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity
up-regulation of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity
upregulation of L-proline:NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of L-proline:NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of L-proline:NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
upregulation of L-proline-NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of L-proline-NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of L-proline-NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase activity
upregulation of L-proline oxidase activity
up regulation of L-proline oxidase activity
up-regulation of L-proline oxidase activity
upregulation of NADPH-L-delta1-pyrroline carboxylic acid reductase activity
up regulation of NADPH-L-delta1-pyrroline carboxylic acid reductase activity
up-regulation of NADPH-L-delta1-pyrroline carboxylic acid reductase activity
upregulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity
up regulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity
up-regulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of carbon dioxide within an organism or cell.
negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport.
downregulation of calcium ion membrane transport
down regulation of calcium ion membrane transport
down-regulation of calcium ion membrane transport
downregulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport
down regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport
down-regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport
downregulation of transmembrane calcium transport
down regulation of transmembrane calcium transport
down-regulation of transmembrane calcium transport
inhibition of calcium ion membrane transport
inhibition of calcium ion transmembrane transport
inhibition of transmembrane calcium transport
negative regulation of calcium ion membrane transport
negative regulation of transmembrane calcium transport
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthosine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthosine.
mRNA base-pairing translational repressor activity
A translation repressor activity that acts by base-pairing with an mRNA. The binding can result in targeting the mRNA for degradation or interfering with mRNA translation, hence resulting in posttranscriptional gene silencing.
mRNA base-pairing posttranscriptional repressor activity
mRNA base-pairing post-transcriptional repressor activity
mRNA binding involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing
mRNA binding involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing
mRNA binding translation repressor activity
RNA binding involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing
RNA binding involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing
translational inhibitor activity via mRNA base-pairing
obsolete miRNA binding involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing
OBSOLETE. Any miRNA binding that is involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing.
negative regulation of endodermal cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.
downregulation of endodermal cell differentiation
down regulation of endodermal cell differentiation
down-regulation of endodermal cell differentiation
downregulation of endoderm cell differentiation
down regulation of endoderm cell differentiation
down-regulation of endoderm cell differentiation
inhibition of endodermal cell differentiation
inhibition of endoderm cell differentiation
negative regulation of endoderm cell differentiation
regulation of endodermal cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.
regulation of endoderm cell differentiation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthosine.
positive regulation of endodermal cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.
activation of endodermal cell differentiation
activation of endoderm cell differentiation
positive regulation of endoderm cell differentiation
upregulation of endodermal cell differentiation
up regulation of endodermal cell differentiation
up-regulation of endodermal cell differentiation
upregulation of endoderm cell differentiation
up regulation of endoderm cell differentiation
up-regulation of endoderm cell differentiation
regulation of mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing. Regulation of mitotic recombination prevents recombination between inappropriate homologous sequences.
prevention of genomic instability induced by DNA replication fork arrest
regulation of mitotic recombination involved in collapsed replication fork processing
regulation of mitotic recombination involved in recovery from replication fork arrest
regulation of mitotic recombination involved in recovery from replication fork stalling
regulation of mitotic recombination involved in replication fork processing
regulation of mitotic recombination involved in replication fork restart
regulation of mitotic recombination involved in replication restart
positive regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.
activation of (S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
activation of L-malate:NADP oxidoreductase activity
activation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating, NADP)
activation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity
activation of malate dehydrogenase (NADP, decarboxylating)
activation of NADP-linked decarboxylating malic enzyme
activation of NADP-malic enzyme activity
activation of NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase activity
activation of NADP-specific malic enzyme
positive regulation of (S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
positive regulation of L-malate:NADP oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating, NADP)
positive regulation of malate dehydrogenase (NADP, decarboxylating)
positive regulation of NADP-linked decarboxylating malic enzyme
positive regulation of NADP-malic enzyme activity
positive regulation of NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase activity
positive regulation of NADP-specific malic enzyme
upregulation of (S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
up regulation of (S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
up-regulation of (S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
upregulation of L-malate:NADP oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of L-malate:NADP oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of L-malate:NADP oxidoreductase activity
upregulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating, NADP)
up regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating, NADP)
up-regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating, NADP)
upregulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity
up regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity
up-regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity
upregulation of malate dehydrogenase (NADP, decarboxylating)
up regulation of malate dehydrogenase (NADP, decarboxylating)
up-regulation of malate dehydrogenase (NADP, decarboxylating)
upregulation of NADP-linked decarboxylating malic enzyme
up regulation of NADP-linked decarboxylating malic enzyme
up-regulation of NADP-linked decarboxylating malic enzyme
upregulation of NADP-malic enzyme activity
up regulation of NADP-malic enzyme activity
up-regulation of NADP-malic enzyme activity
upregulation of NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase activity
up regulation of NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase activity
up-regulation of NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase activity
upregulation of NADP-specific malic enzyme
up regulation of NADP-specific malic enzyme
up-regulation of NADP-specific malic enzyme
positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron death.
activation of neuronal cell death in response to oxidative stress
activation of neuron death in response to oxidative stress
activation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death
positive regulation of neuronal cell death in response to oxidative stress
positive regulation of neuron death in response to oxidative stress
sensitization of neuron to oxidative stress-induced cell death
upregulation of neuronal cell death in response to oxidative stress
up regulation of neuronal cell death in response to oxidative stress
up-regulation of neuronal cell death in response to oxidative stress
upregulation of neuron death in response to oxidative stress
up regulation of neuron death in response to oxidative stress
up-regulation of neuron death in response to oxidative stress
upregulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death
up regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death
up-regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death
The process in which quinolinic acid is transported across a membrane.
negative regulation of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion.
downregulation of mitochondrial protein processing during import
down regulation of mitochondrial protein processing during import
down-regulation of mitochondrial protein processing during import
downregulation of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion
down regulation of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion
down-regulation of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion
inhibition of mitochondrial protein processing during import
inhibition of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion
negative regulation of mitochondrial protein processing during import
regulation of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion.
regulation of mitochondrial protein processing during import
negative regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.
downregulation of (S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
down regulation of (S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
down-regulation of (S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
downregulation of L-malate:NADP oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of L-malate:NADP oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of L-malate:NADP oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating, NADP)
down regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating, NADP)
down-regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating, NADP)
downregulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity
down regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity
down-regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity
downregulation of malate dehydrogenase (NADP, decarboxylating)
down regulation of malate dehydrogenase (NADP, decarboxylating)
down-regulation of malate dehydrogenase (NADP, decarboxylating)
downregulation of NADP-linked decarboxylating malic enzyme
down regulation of NADP-linked decarboxylating malic enzyme
down-regulation of NADP-linked decarboxylating malic enzyme
downregulation of NADP-malic enzyme activity
down regulation of NADP-malic enzyme activity
down-regulation of NADP-malic enzyme activity
downregulation of NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase activity
down regulation of NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase activity
down-regulation of NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase activity
downregulation of NADP-specific malic enzyme
down regulation of NADP-specific malic enzyme
down-regulation of NADP-specific malic enzyme
inhibition of (S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
inhibition of L-malate:NADP oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating, NADP)
inhibition of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity
inhibition of malate dehydrogenase (NADP, decarboxylating)
inhibition of NADP-linked decarboxylating malic enzyme
inhibition of NADP-malic enzyme activity
inhibition of NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase activity
inhibition of NADP-specific malic enzyme
negative regulation of (S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
negative regulation of L-malate:NADP oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating, NADP)
negative regulation of malate dehydrogenase (NADP, decarboxylating)
negative regulation of NADP-linked decarboxylating malic enzyme
negative regulation of NADP-malic enzyme activity
negative regulation of NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase activity
negative regulation of NADP-specific malic enzyme
regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.
regulation of (S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
regulation of L-malate:NADP oxidoreductase activity
regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating, NADP)
regulation of malate dehydrogenase (NADP, decarboxylating)
regulation of NADP-linked decarboxylating malic enzyme
regulation of NADP-malic enzyme activity
regulation of NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase activity
regulation of NADP-specific malic enzyme
protein localization to subtelomeric heterochromatin
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a subtelomeric heterochromatin.
protein localisation in subtelomeric heterochromatin
protein localisation to subtelomeric heterochromatin
protein localisation to telomeric heterochromatin
protein localization in subtelomeric heterochromatin
protein localization to telomeric heterochromatin
protein localization to mating-type region heterochromatin
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mating-type region heterochromatin.
protein localisation in mating-type region heterochromatin
protein localisation to mating-type region heterochromatin
protein localization in mating-type region heterochromatin
negative regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to mitochondrion.
downregulation of mitochondrial protein import
down regulation of mitochondrial protein import
down-regulation of mitochondrial protein import
downregulation of mitochondrial translocation
down regulation of mitochondrial translocation
down-regulation of mitochondrial translocation
downregulation of protein import into mitochondrion
down regulation of protein import into mitochondrion
down-regulation of protein import into mitochondrion
downregulation of protein-mitochondrial targeting
down regulation of protein-mitochondrial targeting
down-regulation of protein-mitochondrial targeting
downregulation of protein targeting to mitochondria
down regulation of protein targeting to mitochondria
down-regulation of protein targeting to mitochondria
downregulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion
down regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion
down-regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion
inhibition of mitochondrial protein import
inhibition of mitochondrial translocation
inhibition of protein import into mitochondrion
inhibition of protein-mitochondrial targeting
inhibition of protein targeting to mitochondria
inhibition of protein targeting to mitochondrion
negative regulation of mitochondrial protein import
negative regulation of mitochondrial translocation
negative regulation of protein import into mitochondrion
negative regulation of protein-mitochondrial targeting
negative regulation of protein targeting to mitochondria
regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to mitochondrion.
regulation of mitochondrial protein import
regulation of mitochondrial translocation
regulation of protein import into mitochondrion
regulation of protein-mitochondrial targeting
regulation of protein targeting to mitochondria
positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced cell death.
activation of cell death in response to oxidative stress
enhancement of oxidative stress-induced cell death
positive regulation of cell death in response to oxidative stress
upregulation of cell death in response to oxidative stress
up regulation of cell death in response to oxidative stress
up-regulation of cell death in response to oxidative stress
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron death
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron death.
downregulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron death
down regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron death
down-regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron death
downregulation of neuronal cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
down regulation of neuronal cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
down-regulation of neuronal cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
downregulation of neuron death in response to H2O2
down regulation of neuron death in response to H2O2
down-regulation of neuron death in response to H2O2
downregulation of neuron death in response to hydrogen peroxide
down regulation of neuron death in response to hydrogen peroxide
down-regulation of neuron death in response to hydrogen peroxide
inhibition of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron death
inhibition of neuronal cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
inhibition of neuron death in response to H2O2
inhibition of neuron death in response to hydrogen peroxide
negative regulation of neuronal cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
negative regulation of neuron death in response to H2O2
negative regulation of neuron death in response to hydrogen peroxide
neuroprotection against H2O2-induced cell death
neuroprotection against hydrogen peroxide
protection against H2O2-induced neuron death
protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron death
Any apoptotic process in a glomerular visceral epithelial cell.
glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptosis
glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process
regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death.
protection against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death
regulation of cell death in response to H2O2
regulation of cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death
negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron death.
downregulation of neuronal cell death in response to oxidative stress
down regulation of neuronal cell death in response to oxidative stress
down-regulation of neuronal cell death in response to oxidative stress
downregulation of neuron death in response to oxidative stress
down regulation of neuron death in response to oxidative stress
down-regulation of neuron death in response to oxidative stress
downregulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death
down regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death
down-regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death
inhibition of neuronal cell death in response to oxidative stress
inhibition of neuron death in response to oxidative stress
inhibition of oxidative stress-induced neuron death
negative regulation of neuronal cell death in response to oxidative stress
neuronal protection under oxidative stress
neuroprotection against oxidative stress
regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron death
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron death.
regulation of neuronal cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
regulation of neuron death in response to H2O2
regulation of neuron death in response to hydrogen peroxide
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death.
downregulation of cell death in response to H2O2
down regulation of cell death in response to H2O2
down-regulation of cell death in response to H2O2
downregulation of cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
down regulation of cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
down-regulation of cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
downregulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death
down regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death
down-regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death
inhibition of cell death in response to H2O2
inhibition of cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
inhibition of hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death
negative regulation of cell death in response to H2O2
negative regulation of cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death
protection against H2O2-induced cell death
protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death
regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced cell death.
regulation of cell death in response to oxidative stress
positive regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa decarboxylase activity.
activation of 4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine decarboxylase activity
activation of DOPA decarboxylase activity
activation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity
positive regulation of 4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine decarboxylase activity
positive regulation of DOPA decarboxylase activity
upregulation of 4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine decarboxylase activity
up regulation of 4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine decarboxylase activity
up-regulation of 4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine decarboxylase activity
upregulation of DOPA decarboxylase activity
up regulation of DOPA decarboxylase activity
up-regulation of DOPA decarboxylase activity
upregulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity
up regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity
up-regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity
regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron death.
regulation of neuronal cell death in response to oxidative stress
regulation of neuron death in response to oxidative stress
negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced cell death.
downregulation of cell death in response to oxidative stress
down regulation of cell death in response to oxidative stress
down-regulation of cell death in response to oxidative stress
inhibition of cell death in response to oxidative stress
negative regulation of cell death in response to oxidative stress
protection against oxidative stress-induced cell death
protein localization to mating projection tip
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mating projection tip.
protein localisation in mating projection tip
protein localisation to mating projection tip
protein localization in mating projection tip
protein localization to conjugation tube tip
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenoneine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving selenoneine.
The disaggregation of an exon-exon junction complex into its constituent components.
The process in which sorbose is transported from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
hercynylcysteine sulfoxide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hercynylcysteine sulfoxide.
hercynylcysteine sulfoxide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hercynylcysteine sulfoxide.
hercynylselenocysteine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hercynylselenocysteine.
hercynylselenocysteine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hercynylselenocysteine.
negative regulation of citrulline biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of citrulline biosynthetic process.
downregulation of citrulline biosynthesis
down regulation of citrulline biosynthesis
down-regulation of citrulline biosynthesis
downregulation of citrulline biosynthetic process
down regulation of citrulline biosynthetic process
down-regulation of citrulline biosynthetic process
inhibition of citrulline biosynthetic process
negative regulation of citrulline anabolism
negative regulation of citrulline biosynthesis
negative regulation of citrulline formation
negative regulation of citrulline synthesis
regulation of citrulline biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of citrulline biosynthetic process.
multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a multi-ciliated epithelial cell.
positive regulation of citrulline biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of citrulline biosynthetic process.
activation of citrulline biosynthetic process
positive regulation of citrulline anabolism
positive regulation of citrulline biosynthesis
positive regulation of citrulline formation
positive regulation of citrulline synthesis
up regulation of citrulline biosynthesis
up-regulation of citrulline biosynthesis
upregulation of citrulline biosynthetic process
up regulation of citrulline biosynthetic process
up-regulation of citrulline biosynthetic process
obsolete regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of heart rate
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of heart rate.
positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress.
activation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress
upregulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress
up regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress
up-regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress
obsolete positive regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of heart rate
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of heart rate.
obsolete negative regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of heart rate
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of heart rate.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an U2-type prespliceosome.
mammalian U2-type spliceosomal complex A assembly
mammalian U2-type spliceosomal complex A formation
yeast U2-type spliceosomal complex B assembly
yeast U2-type spliceosomal complex B formation
obsolete negative regulation of positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal.
negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress.
downregulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress
down regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress
down-regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress
inhibition of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress
regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress.
negative regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling.
downregulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling
down regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling
down-regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling
inhibition of leukocyte tethering or rolling
regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling.
obsolete regulation of positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal.
positive regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling.
activation of leukocyte tethering or rolling
upregulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling
up regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling
up-regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling
regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a melanosome, a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.
positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter.
activation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter
upregulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter
up regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter
up-regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter
negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter.
downregulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter
down regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter
down-regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter
inhibition of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter
A protein complex which is capable of phosphatase activity.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Golgi membrane.
negative regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission.
downregulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission
down regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission
down-regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission
inhibition of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission
regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission.
obsolete regulation of ATP catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP catabolic process.
positive regulation of potassium ion import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion import across the plasma membrane.
positive regulation of potassium ion import
positive regulation of potassium ion uptake
obsolete positive regulation of ATP catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP catabolic process.
obsolete negative regulation of ATP catabolic process
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP catabolic process.
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process.
activation of detoxification of hydrogen peroxide
activation of hydrogen peroxide breakdown
activation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process
activation of hydrogen peroxide catabolism
activation of hydrogen peroxide degradation
activation of hydrogen peroxide scavenging
positive regulation of detoxification of H2O2
positive regulation of detoxification of hydrogen peroxide
positive regulation of H2O2 catabolic process
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide breakdown
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolism
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide degradation
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide removal
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide scavenging
upregulation of detoxification of hydrogen peroxide
up regulation of detoxification of hydrogen peroxide
up-regulation of detoxification of hydrogen peroxide
upregulation of hydrogen peroxide breakdown
up regulation of hydrogen peroxide breakdown
up-regulation of hydrogen peroxide breakdown
upregulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process
up regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process
up-regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process
upregulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolism
up regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolism
up-regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolism
upregulation of hydrogen peroxide degradation
up regulation of hydrogen peroxide degradation
up-regulation of hydrogen peroxide degradation
upregulation of hydrogen peroxide removal
up regulation of hydrogen peroxide removal
up-regulation of hydrogen peroxide removal
upregulation of hydrogen peroxide scavenging
up regulation of hydrogen peroxide scavenging
up-regulation of hydrogen peroxide scavenging
positive regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.
activation of glutathione:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
activation of glutathione peroxidase activity
activation of non-selenium glutathione peroxidase activity
activation of reduced glutathione peroxidase activity
activation of selenium-glutathione peroxidase activity
positive regulation of glutathione:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of GSH peroxidase activity
positive regulation of non-selenium glutathione peroxidase activity
positive regulation of reduced glutathione peroxidase activity
positive regulation of selenium-glutathione peroxidase activity
upregulation of glutathione:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of glutathione:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of glutathione:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
upregulation of glutathione peroxidase activity
up regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity
up-regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity
up regulation of GSH peroxidase activity
up-regulation of GSH peroxidase activity
upregulation of non-selenium glutathione peroxidase activity
up regulation of non-selenium glutathione peroxidase activity
up-regulation of non-selenium glutathione peroxidase activity
upregulation of reduced glutathione peroxidase activity
up regulation of reduced glutathione peroxidase activity
up-regulation of reduced glutathione peroxidase activity
upregulation of selenium-glutathione peroxidase activity
up regulation of selenium-glutathione peroxidase activity
up-regulation of selenium-glutathione peroxidase activity
negative regulation of potassium ion import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion import across the plasma membrane.
negative regulation of potassium ion import
negative regulation of potassium ion uptake
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion import.
positive regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium:sodium antiporter activity.
activation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity
activation of mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
positive regulation of mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
positive regulation of sodium:calcium exchange
positive regulation of sodium/calcium exchanger
upregulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity
up regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity
up-regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity
upregulation of mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
up regulation of mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
up-regulation of mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
up regulation of sodium:calcium exchange
up-regulation of sodium:calcium exchange
upregulation of sodium/calcium exchanger
up regulation of sodium/calcium exchanger
up-regulation of sodium/calcium exchanger
negative regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium:sodium antiporter activity.
downregulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity
down regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity
down-regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity
downregulation of mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
down regulation of mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
down-regulation of mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
downregulation of sodium:calcium exchange
down regulation of sodium:calcium exchange
down-regulation of sodium:calcium exchange
downregulation of sodium/calcium exchanger
down regulation of sodium/calcium exchanger
down-regulation of sodium/calcium exchanger
inhibition of calcium:sodium antiporter activity
inhibition of mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
negative regulation of mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
negative regulation of sodium:calcium exchange
negative regulation of sodium/calcium exchanger
negative regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.
downregulation of glutathione:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of glutathione:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of glutathione:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of glutathione peroxidase activity
down regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity
down-regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity
downregulation of GSH peroxidase activity
down regulation of GSH peroxidase activity
down-regulation of GSH peroxidase activity
downregulation of non-selenium glutathione peroxidase activity
down regulation of non-selenium glutathione peroxidase activity
down-regulation of non-selenium glutathione peroxidase activity
downregulation of reduced glutathione peroxidase activity
down regulation of reduced glutathione peroxidase activity
down-regulation of reduced glutathione peroxidase activity
downregulation of selenium-glutathione peroxidase activity
down regulation of selenium-glutathione peroxidase activity
down-regulation of selenium-glutathione peroxidase activity
inhibition of glutathione:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of glutathione peroxidase activity
inhibition of non-selenium glutathione peroxidase activity
inhibition of reduced glutathione peroxidase activity
inhibition of selenium-glutathione peroxidase activity
negative regulation of glutathione:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of GSH peroxidase activity
negative regulation of non-selenium glutathione peroxidase activity
negative regulation of reduced glutathione peroxidase activity
negative regulation of selenium-glutathione peroxidase activity
regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.
regulation of glutathione:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity
regulation of non-selenium glutathione peroxidase activity
regulation of reduced glutathione peroxidase activity
regulation of selenium-glutathione peroxidase activity
negative regulation of sodium ion export across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion export across the plasma membrane.
downregulation of sodium ion export from cell
down regulation of sodium ion export from cell
down-regulation of sodium ion export from cell
inhibition of sodium ion export from cell
negative regulation of sodium ion export
negative regulation of sodium ion export from cell
regulation of sodium ion export across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion export across the plasma membrane.
regulation of sodium ion export from cell
regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium:sodium antiporter activity.
regulation of mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
positive regulation of sodium ion export across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion export across the plasma membrane.
activation of sodium ion export from cell
positive regulation of sodium ion export
positive regulation of sodium ion export from cell
upregulation of sodium ion export from cell
up regulation of sodium ion export from cell
up-regulation of sodium ion export from cell
positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches.
activation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches
upregulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches
up regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches
up-regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches
ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitor complex
A protein complex which is capable of ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitor activity.
ornithine carbamoyltransferase arginase complex
positive regulation of ornithine catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ornithine catabolic process.
activation of ornithine catabolic process
positive regulation of ornithine breakdown
positive regulation of ornithine catabolism
positive regulation of ornithine degradation
upregulation of ornithine catabolic process
up regulation of ornithine catabolic process
up-regulation of ornithine catabolic process
negative regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches.
downregulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches
down regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches
down-regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches
inhibition of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches
regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches.
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway.
activation of adipocytokine signaling pathway
activation of TNF-alpha-mediated signaling pathway
activation of tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated signaling pathway
activation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
activation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of adipocytokine signaling pathway
positive regulation of TNF-alpha-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signalling pathway
upregulation of adipocytokine signaling pathway
up regulation of adipocytokine signaling pathway
up-regulation of adipocytokine signaling pathway
upregulation of TNF-alpha-mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of TNF-alpha-mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of TNF-alpha-mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signalling pathway
up regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signalling pathway
up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signalling pathway
nitrate reductase activity involved in anaerobic electron transport chain
Any nitrate reductase activity that is involved in anaerobic electron transport chain.
nitrate reductase (acceptor) involved in anaerobic electron transport chain
nitrite:(acceptor) oxidoreductase involved in anaerobic electron transport chain
nitrite:acceptor oxidoreductase involved in anaerobic electron transport chain
respiratory nitrate reductase activity involved in anaerobic electron transport chain
negative regulation of ornithine catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ornithine catabolic process.
downregulation of ornithine catabolic process
down regulation of ornithine catabolic process
down-regulation of ornithine catabolic process
down regulation of ornithine degradation
down-regulation of ornithine degradation
inhibition of ornithine catabolic process
negative regulation of ornithine breakdown
negative regulation of ornithine catabolism
negative regulation of ornithine degradation
regulation of ornithine catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ornithine catabolic process.
positive regulation of snoRNA metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of snoRNA metabolic process.
positive regulation of snoRNA metabolism
upregulation of snoRNA metabolic process
up regulation of snoRNA metabolic process
up-regulation of snoRNA metabolic process
negative regulation of snoRNA metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of snoRNA metabolic process.
downregulation of snoRNA metabolic process
down regulation of snoRNA metabolic process
down-regulation of snoRNA metabolic process
negative regulation of snoRNA metabolism
negative regulation of tRNA metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA metabolic process.
downregulation of tRNA metabolic process
down regulation of tRNA metabolic process
down-regulation of tRNA metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA metabolic process.
negative regulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal.
downregulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal
down regulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal
down-regulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal
inhibition of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal
regulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of snoRNA metabolic process.
positive regulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal.
activation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal
upregulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal
up regulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal
up-regulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation.
positive regulation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen cycle metabolic process.
activation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process
upregulation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process
up regulation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process
up-regulation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process
positive regulation of protein maturation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation.
negative regulation of protein maturation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation.
positive regulation of mRNA metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process.
negative regulation of mRNA metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process.
downregulation of mRNA metabolic process
down regulation of mRNA metabolic process
down-regulation of mRNA metabolic process
negative regulation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen cycle metabolic process.
downregulation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process
down regulation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process
down-regulation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process
inhibition of nitrogen cycle metabolic process
regulation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen cycle metabolic process.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process.
regulation of regulated secretory pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway.
positive regulation of pyruvate kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate kinase activity.
activation of ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase activity
activation of phosphoenolpyruvate kinase activity
activation of phosphoenol transphosphorylase activity
positive regulation of ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase activity
positive regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate kinase activity
positive regulation of phosphoenol transphosphorylase activity
upregulation of ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase activity
up regulation of ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase activity
up-regulation of ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase activity
upregulation of phosphoenolpyruvate kinase activity
up regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate kinase activity
up-regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate kinase activity
upregulation of phosphoenol transphosphorylase activity
up regulation of phosphoenol transphosphorylase activity
up-regulation of phosphoenol transphosphorylase activity
upregulation of pyruvate kinase activity
up regulation of pyruvate kinase activity
up-regulation of pyruvate kinase activity
positive regulation of regulated secretory pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway.
activation of regulated secretory pathway
upregulation of regulated secretory pathway
up regulation of regulated secretory pathway
up-regulation of regulated secretory pathway
negative regulation of regulated secretory pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway.
downregulation of regulated secretory pathway
down regulation of regulated secretory pathway
down-regulation of regulated secretory pathway
inhibition of regulated secretory pathway
positive regulation of hexokinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hexokinase activity.
activation of ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase activity
activation of ATP-dependent hexokinase activity
activation of glucose ATP phosphotransferase activity
activation of hexokinase (phosphorylating)
activation of hexokinase type I activity
activation of hexokinase type II activity
activation of hexokinase type III activity
activation of hexokinase type IV (glucokinase) activity
activation of hexokinase type IV glucokinase activity
positive regulation of ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase activity
positive regulation of ATP-dependent hexokinase activity
positive regulation of glucose ATP phosphotransferase activity
positive regulation of hexokinase (phosphorylating)
positive regulation of hexokinase type I activity
positive regulation of hexokinase type II activity
positive regulation of hexokinase type III activity
positive regulation of hexokinase type IV
positive regulation of hexokinase type IV (glucokinase) activity
positive regulation of hexokinase type IV glucokinase activity
upregulation of ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase activity
up regulation of ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase activity
up-regulation of ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase activity
upregulation of ATP-dependent hexokinase activity
up regulation of ATP-dependent hexokinase activity
up-regulation of ATP-dependent hexokinase activity
upregulation of glucose ATP phosphotransferase activity
up regulation of glucose ATP phosphotransferase activity
up-regulation of glucose ATP phosphotransferase activity
upregulation of hexokinase (phosphorylating)
up regulation of hexokinase (phosphorylating)
up-regulation of hexokinase (phosphorylating)
upregulation of hexokinase type I activity
up regulation of hexokinase type I activity
up-regulation of hexokinase type I activity
upregulation of hexokinase type II activity
up regulation of hexokinase type II activity
up-regulation of hexokinase type II activity
upregulation of hexokinase type III activity
up regulation of hexokinase type III activity
up-regulation of hexokinase type III activity
upregulation of hexokinase type IV (glucokinase) activity
up regulation of hexokinase type IV (glucokinase) activity
up-regulation of hexokinase type IV (glucokinase) activity
upregulation of hexokinase type IV glucokinase activity
up regulation of hexokinase type IV glucokinase activity
up-regulation of hexokinase type IV glucokinase activity
negative regulation of hexokinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hexokinase activity.
downregulation of ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase activity
down regulation of ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase activity
down-regulation of ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase activity
downregulation of ATP-dependent hexokinase activity
down regulation of ATP-dependent hexokinase activity
down-regulation of ATP-dependent hexokinase activity
downregulation of glucose ATP phosphotransferase activity
down regulation of glucose ATP phosphotransferase activity
down-regulation of glucose ATP phosphotransferase activity
downregulation of hexokinase (phosphorylating)
down regulation of hexokinase (phosphorylating)
down-regulation of hexokinase (phosphorylating)
downregulation of hexokinase type I activity
down regulation of hexokinase type I activity
down-regulation of hexokinase type I activity
downregulation of hexokinase type II activity
down regulation of hexokinase type II activity
down-regulation of hexokinase type II activity
downregulation of hexokinase type III activity
down regulation of hexokinase type III activity
down-regulation of hexokinase type III activity
downregulation of hexokinase type IV (glucokinase) activity
down regulation of hexokinase type IV (glucokinase) activity
down-regulation of hexokinase type IV (glucokinase) activity
downregulation of hexokinase type IV glucokinase activity
down regulation of hexokinase type IV glucokinase activity
down-regulation of hexokinase type IV glucokinase activity
inhibition of ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase activity
inhibition of ATP-dependent hexokinase activity
inhibition of glucose ATP phosphotransferase activity
inhibition of hexokinase (phosphorylating)
inhibition of hexokinase type I activity
inhibition of hexokinase type II activity
inhibition of hexokinase type III activity
inhibition of hexokinase type IV (glucokinase) activity
inhibition of hexokinase type IV glucokinase activity
negative regulation of ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase activity
negative regulation of ATP-dependent hexokinase activity
negative regulation of glucose ATP phosphotransferase activity
negative regulation of hexokinase (phosphorylating)
negative regulation of hexokinase type I activity
negative regulation of hexokinase type II activity
negative regulation of hexokinase type III activity
negative regulation of hexokinase type IV
negative regulation of hexokinase type IV (glucokinase) activity
negative regulation of hexokinase type IV glucokinase activity
negative regulation of pyruvate kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate kinase activity.
downregulation of ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase activity
down regulation of ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase activity
down-regulation of ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase activity
downregulation of phosphoenolpyruvate kinase activity
down regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate kinase activity
down-regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate kinase activity
downregulation of phosphoenol transphosphorylase activity
down regulation of phosphoenol transphosphorylase activity
down-regulation of phosphoenol transphosphorylase activity
downregulation of pyruvate kinase activity
down regulation of pyruvate kinase activity
down-regulation of pyruvate kinase activity
inhibition of ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase activity
inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate kinase activity
inhibition of phosphoenol transphosphorylase activity
negative regulation of ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase activity
negative regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate kinase activity
negative regulation of phosphoenol transphosphorylase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate kinase activity.
regulation of ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase activity
regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate kinase activity
regulation of phosphoenol transphosphorylase activity
regulation of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
regulation of hypoxic stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia
positive regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion, where glutamate acts as a neurotransmitter.
activation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission
upregulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission
up regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission
up-regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hexokinase activity.
regulation of ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase activity
regulation of ATP-dependent hexokinase activity
regulation of glucose ATP phosphotransferase activity
regulation of hexokinase (phosphorylating)
regulation of hexokinase type I activity
regulation of hexokinase type II activity
regulation of hexokinase type III activity
regulation of hexokinase type IV (glucokinase) activity
regulation of hexokinase type IV glucokinase activity
negative regulation of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
downregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia
down regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia
down-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia
inhibition of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia
negative regulation of hypoxia-induced apoptosis
negative regulation of hypoxic stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia
protection against hypoxia-induced apoptosis
regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase I
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter.
regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter
regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript
positive regulation of distal tip cell migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.
upregulation of distal tip cell migration
up regulation of distal tip cell migration
up-regulation of distal tip cell migration
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a lateral cortical node.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi organization.
regulation of Golgi organization and biogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleus organization.
regulation of nuclear organization and biogenesis
regulation of nucleus organization and biogenesis
The directed movement of L-ornithine across a membrane.
negative regulation of distal tip cell migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.
downregulation of distal tip cell migration
down regulation of distal tip cell migration
down-regulation of distal tip cell migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.
Any membrane that is part of an omegasome.
positive regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly.
positive regulation of tight junction formation
up regulation of tight junction assembly
up-regulation of tight junction assembly
upregulation of tight junction formation
up regulation of tight junction formation
up-regulation of tight junction formation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dopamine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dopamine stimulus.
negative regulation of protein polyglycylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyglycylation.
downregulation of protein polyglycylation
down regulation of protein polyglycylation
down-regulation of protein polyglycylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyglycylation.
negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly.
downregulation of tight junction assembly
down regulation of tight junction assembly
down-regulation of tight junction assembly
downregulation of tight junction formation
down regulation of tight junction formation
down-regulation of tight junction formation
negative regulation of tight junction formation
positive regulation of protein polyglycylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyglycylation.
up regulation of protein polyglycylation
up-regulation of protein polyglycylation
regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation.
positive regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall organization or biogenesis.
activation of cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
activation of cellular cell wall organization or biogenesis
activation of cell wall organisation or biogenesis
activation of cell wall organization or biogenesis
activation of cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
positive regulation of cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
positive regulation of cellular cell wall organization or biogenesis
positive regulation of cell wall organisation or biogenesis
positive regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
upregulation of cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
up regulation of cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
up-regulation of cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
upregulation of cellular cell wall organization or biogenesis
up regulation of cellular cell wall organization or biogenesis
up-regulation of cellular cell wall organization or biogenesis
upregulation of cell wall organisation or biogenesis
up regulation of cell wall organisation or biogenesis
up-regulation of cell wall organisation or biogenesis
upregulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis
up regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis
up-regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis
upregulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
up regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
up-regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
positive regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation.
activation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
upregulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
up regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
up-regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
negative regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation.
downregulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
down regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
down-regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
inhibition of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
positive regulation of vacuolar transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.
negative regulation of vacuolar transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.
negative regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall organization or biogenesis.
downregulation of cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
down regulation of cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
down-regulation of cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
downregulation of cellular cell wall organization or biogenesis
down regulation of cellular cell wall organization or biogenesis
down-regulation of cellular cell wall organization or biogenesis
downregulation of cell wall organisation or biogenesis
down regulation of cell wall organisation or biogenesis
down-regulation of cell wall organisation or biogenesis
downregulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis
down regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis
down-regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis
downregulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
down regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
down-regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
inhibition of cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
inhibition of cellular cell wall organization or biogenesis
inhibition of cell wall organisation or biogenesis
inhibition of cell wall organization or biogenesis
inhibition of cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
negative regulation of cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
negative regulation of cellular cell wall organization or biogenesis
negative regulation of cell wall organisation or biogenesis
negative regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall organization or biogenesis.
regulation of cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
regulation of cellular cell wall organization or biogenesis
regulation of cell wall organisation or biogenesis
regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein folding.
down regulation of alpha-tubulin folding
down-regulation of alpha-tubulin folding
downregulation of chaperonin ATPase activity
down regulation of chaperonin ATPase activity
down-regulation of chaperonin ATPase activity
downregulation of chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
down regulation of chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
down-regulation of chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
down regulation of co-chaperone activity
down-regulation of co-chaperone activity
downregulation of co-chaperonin activity
down regulation of co-chaperonin activity
down-regulation of co-chaperonin activity
downregulation of glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
down regulation of glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
down-regulation of glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
downregulation of non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
down regulation of non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
down-regulation of non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
downregulation of protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
down regulation of protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
down-regulation of protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
inhibition of chaperonin ATPase activity
inhibition of chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
inhibition of glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
inhibition of non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
inhibition of protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
negative regulation of alpha-tubulin folding
negative regulation of beta-tubulin folding
negative regulation of chaperone activity
negative regulation of chaperonin ATPase activity
negative regulation of chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
negative regulation of co-chaperone activity
negative regulation of co-chaperonin activity
negative regulation of glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
negative regulation of non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
negative regulation of protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein folding.
regulation of chaperonin ATPase activity
regulation of chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
regulation of glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
regulation of non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
regulation of protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein folding.
activation of chaperonin ATPase activity
activation of chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
activation of glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
activation of non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
activation of protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
positive regulation of alpha-tubulin folding
positive regulation of beta-tubulin folding
positive regulation of chaperone activity
positive regulation of chaperonin ATPase activity
positive regulation of chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
positive regulation of co-chaperone activity
positive regulation of co-chaperonin activity
positive regulation of glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
positive regulation of non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
positive regulation of protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
upregulation of chaperonin ATPase activity
up regulation of chaperonin ATPase activity
up-regulation of chaperonin ATPase activity
upregulation of chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
up regulation of chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
up-regulation of chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
upregulation of glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
up regulation of glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
up-regulation of glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
upregulation of non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
up regulation of non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
up-regulation of non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
upregulation of protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
up regulation of protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
up-regulation of protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
regulation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iron-sulfur cluster assembly.
positive regulation of tRNA metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA metabolic process.
positive regulation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iron-sulfur cluster assembly.
activation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly
activation of iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis
activation of iron-sulphur cluster assembly
positive regulation of iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis
positive regulation of iron-sulphur cluster assembly
upregulation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly
up regulation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly
up-regulation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly
upregulation of iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis
up regulation of iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis
up-regulation of iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis
upregulation of iron-sulphur cluster assembly
up regulation of iron-sulphur cluster assembly
up-regulation of iron-sulphur cluster assembly
negative regulation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iron-sulfur cluster assembly.
downregulation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly
down regulation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly
down-regulation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly
downregulation of iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis
down regulation of iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis
down-regulation of iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis
downregulation of iron-sulphur cluster assembly
down regulation of iron-sulphur cluster assembly
down-regulation of iron-sulphur cluster assembly
inhibition of iron-sulfur cluster assembly
inhibition of iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis
inhibition of iron-sulphur cluster assembly
negative regulation of iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis
negative regulation of iron-sulphur cluster assembly
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle uncoating
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle uncoating.
downregulation of synaptic vesicle coat depolymerization
down regulation of synaptic vesicle coat depolymerization
down-regulation of synaptic vesicle coat depolymerization
downregulation of synaptic vesicle coat protein depolymerization
down regulation of synaptic vesicle coat protein depolymerization
down-regulation of synaptic vesicle coat protein depolymerization
downregulation of synaptic vesicle uncoating
down regulation of synaptic vesicle uncoating
down-regulation of synaptic vesicle uncoating
inhibition of synaptic vesicle coat depolymerization
inhibition of synaptic vesicle coat protein depolymerization
inhibition of synaptic vesicle uncoating
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle coat depolymerization
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle coat protein depolymerization
regulation of synaptic vesicle uncoating
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle uncoating.
regulation of synaptic vesicle coat depolymerization
regulation of synaptic vesicle coat protein depolymerization
regulation of adherens junction organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adherens junction organization.
regulation of adherens junction assembly and maintenance
regulation of adherens junction organisation
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle uncoating
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle uncoating.
activation of synaptic vesicle coat depolymerization
activation of synaptic vesicle coat protein depolymerization
activation of synaptic vesicle uncoating
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle coat depolymerization
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle coat protein depolymerization
upregulation of synaptic vesicle coat depolymerization
up regulation of synaptic vesicle coat depolymerization
up-regulation of synaptic vesicle coat depolymerization
upregulation of synaptic vesicle coat protein depolymerization
up regulation of synaptic vesicle coat protein depolymerization
up-regulation of synaptic vesicle coat protein depolymerization
upregulation of synaptic vesicle uncoating
up regulation of synaptic vesicle uncoating
up-regulation of synaptic vesicle uncoating
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion.
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
downregulation of H2O2-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
down regulation of H2O2-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
down-regulation of H2O2-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
downregulation of neuron apoptosis in response to hydrogen peroxide
down regulation of neuron apoptosis in response to hydrogen peroxide
down-regulation of neuron apoptosis in response to hydrogen peroxide
downregulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
down regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
down-regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
downregulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
down regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
down-regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
inhibition of H2O2-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
inhibition of neuron apoptosis in response to hydrogen peroxide
inhibition of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
inhibition of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
negative regulation of H2O2-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
negative regulation of neuron apoptosis in response to hydrogen peroxide
negative regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
negative regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
protection against H2O2-induced neuron apoptosis
protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron apoptosis
positive regulation of homophilic cell adhesion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion.
upregulation of homophilic cell adhesion
up regulation of homophilic cell adhesion
up-regulation of homophilic cell adhesion
negative regulation of homophilic cell adhesion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion.
downregulation of homophilic cell adhesion
down regulation of homophilic cell adhesion
down-regulation of homophilic cell adhesion
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron apoptosis
regulation of ER stress-induced neuron apoptosis
regulation of ER stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
positive regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation.
activation of mitotic chromosome condensation
upregulation of mitotic chromosome condensation
up regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation
up-regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation
regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
regulation of H2O2-induced neuron apoptosis
regulation of H2O2-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal apoptosis
regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron apoptosis
regulation of neuron apoptosis in response to hydrogen peroxide
regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
down regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
down-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
downregulation of ER stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
down regulation of ER stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
down-regulation of ER stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
downregulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down-regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
inhibition of ER stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
inhibition of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of ER stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
negative regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
downregulation of neuron apoptosis in response to oxidative stress
down regulation of neuron apoptosis in response to oxidative stress
down-regulation of neuron apoptosis in response to oxidative stress
downregulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
down regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
down-regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
inhibition of neuron apoptosis in response to oxidative stress
inhibition of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
negative regulation of neuron apoptosis in response to oxidative stress
negative regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron apoptosis
neuroprotection against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis
protection against oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis
protection against oxidative stress-induced neuron apoptosis
regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
regulation of neuron apoptosis in response to oxidative stress
regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis
regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron apoptosis
regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation.
positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
activation of neuron apoptosis in response to oxidative stress
activation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
positive regulation of neuron apoptosis in response to oxidative stress
positive regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
upregulation of neuron apoptosis in response to oxidative stress
up regulation of neuron apoptosis in response to oxidative stress
up-regulation of neuron apoptosis in response to oxidative stress
upregulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
up regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
up-regulation of neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization.
activation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organisation
activation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization
activation of ER tubular network organisation
activation of ER tubular network organization
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organisation
positive regulation of ER tubular network organisation
positive regulation of ER tubular network organization
upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organisation
up regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organisation
up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organisation
upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization
up regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization
up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization
upregulation of ER tubular network organisation
up regulation of ER tubular network organisation
up-regulation of ER tubular network organisation
upregulation of ER tubular network organization
up regulation of ER tubular network organization
up-regulation of ER tubular network organization
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization.
downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organisation
down regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organisation
down-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organisation
downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization
down regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization
down-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization
downregulation of ER tubular network organisation
down regulation of ER tubular network organisation
down-regulation of ER tubular network organisation
downregulation of ER tubular network organization
down regulation of ER tubular network organization
down-regulation of ER tubular network organization
inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organisation
inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization
inhibition of ER tubular network organisation
inhibition of ER tubular network organization
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organisation
negative regulation of ER tubular network organisation
negative regulation of ER tubular network organization
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex development
facio-acoustic ganglion complex VII-VIII development
facio-acoustic VII-VIII ganglion complex development
OBSOLETE. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a subarachnoid space over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
negative regulation of foraging behavior
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior.
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization.
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organisation
regulation of ER tubular network organisation
regulation of ER tubular network organization
positive regulation of foraging behavior
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fear response.
regulation of physiological fear response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fear response.
activation of physiological fear response
positive regulation of physiological fear response
upregulation of physiological fear response
up regulation of physiological fear response
up-regulation of physiological fear response
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fear response.
downregulation of physiological fear response
down regulation of physiological fear response
down-regulation of physiological fear response
inhibition of physiological fear response
negative regulation of physiological fear response
protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, basolateral regions of the plasma membrane.
protein localisation in basolateral plasma membrane
protein localisation to basolateral plasma membrane
protein localization in basolateral plasma membrane
protein localization to lateral cortical node
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a lateral cortical node.
protein localisation in lateral cortical node
protein localisation to lateral cortical node
protein localization in lateral cortical node
regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling.
regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling
regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling
protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum tubular network
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an endoplasmic reticulum tubular network.
protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum tubular network
protein localisation to endoplasmic reticulum tubular network
protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum tubular network
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling.
activation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling
activation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling
activation of synaptic vesicle recycling
positive regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling
positive regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling
upregulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling
up regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling
up-regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling
upregulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling
up regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling
up-regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling
upregulation of synaptic vesicle recycling
up regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling
up-regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling.
downregulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling
down regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling
down-regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling
downregulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling
down regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling
down-regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling
downregulation of synaptic vesicle recycling
down regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling
down-regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling
inhibition of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling
inhibition of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling
inhibition of synaptic vesicle recycling
negative regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling
negative regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoside stimulus.
protein localization to cortical endoplasmic reticulum
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cortical endoplasmic reticulum.
protein localisation in cortical endoplasmic reticulum
protein localisation to cortical endoplasmic reticulum
protein localization in cortical endoplasmic reticulum
protein localization to plasma membrane of cell tip
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a plasma membrane of cell tip.
protein localisation in plasma membrane of cell tip
protein localisation to plasma membrane of cell tip
protein localization in plasma membrane of cell tip
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus.
flavonoid transport from endoplasmic reticulum to plant-type vacuole
The directed movement of flavonoid from endoplasmic reticulum to plant-type vacuole.
reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen.
positive regulation of P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.
activation of (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase activity
activation of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity
activation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+/K+-exchanging)
activation of Na,K-activated ATPase activity
activation of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity
activation of Na(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
activation of Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
activation of sodium:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
activation of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
activation of sodium/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
activation of sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase activity
positive regulation of (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase activity
positive regulation of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity
positive regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+/K+-exchanging)
positive regulation of Na,K-activated ATPase activity
positive regulation of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity
positive regulation of Na(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
positive regulation of Na+,K+-ATPase activity
positive regulation of Na+/K+-ATPase activity
positive regulation of Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
positive regulation of sodium:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
positive regulation of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
positive regulation of sodium/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
positive regulation of sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase activity
upregulation of (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase activity
up regulation of (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase activity
up-regulation of (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase activity
upregulation of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity
up regulation of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity
up-regulation of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity
upregulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+/K+-exchanging)
up regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+/K+-exchanging)
up-regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+/K+-exchanging)
upregulation of Na,K-activated ATPase activity
up regulation of Na,K-activated ATPase activity
up-regulation of Na,K-activated ATPase activity
upregulation of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity
up regulation of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity
up-regulation of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity
upregulation of Na(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
up regulation of Na(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
up-regulation of Na(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
upregulation of Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
up regulation of Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
up-regulation of Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
upregulation of sodium:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
upregulation of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
up regulation of sodium:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
up regulation of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
up-regulation of sodium:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
up-regulation of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
upregulation of sodium/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
up regulation of sodium/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
up-regulation of sodium/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
upregulation of sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase activity
up regulation of sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase activity
up-regulation of sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase activity
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a nuclear body.
positive regulation of renal phosphate excretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.
activation of renal phosphate ion excretion
positive regulation of renal phosphate ion excretion
upregulation of renal phosphate excretion
up regulation of renal phosphate excretion
up-regulation of renal phosphate excretion
upregulation of renal phosphate ion excretion
up regulation of renal phosphate ion excretion
up-regulation of renal phosphate ion excretion
negative regulation of P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.
downregulation of (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase activity
down regulation of (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase activity
down-regulation of (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase activity
downregulation of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity
down regulation of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity
down-regulation of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity
downregulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+/K+-exchanging)
down regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+/K+-exchanging)
down-regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+/K+-exchanging)
downregulation of Na,K-activated ATPase activity
down regulation of Na,K-activated ATPase activity
down-regulation of Na,K-activated ATPase activity
downregulation of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity
down regulation of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity
down-regulation of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity
downregulation of Na(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
down regulation of Na(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
down-regulation of Na(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
downregulation of Na+,K+-ATPase activity
down regulation of Na+,K+-ATPase activity
down-regulation of Na+,K+-ATPase activity
downregulation of Na+/K+-ATPase activity
down regulation of Na+/K+-ATPase activity
down-regulation of Na+/K+-ATPase activity
downregulation of Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
down regulation of Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
down-regulation of Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
downregulation of sodium:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
downregulation of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
down regulation of sodium:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
down regulation of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
down-regulation of sodium:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
down-regulation of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
downregulation of sodium/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
down regulation of sodium/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
down-regulation of sodium/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
downregulation of sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase activity
down regulation of sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase activity
down-regulation of sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase activity
inhibition of (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase activity
inhibition of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity
inhibition of ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+/K+-exchanging)
inhibition of Na,K-activated ATPase activity
inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity
inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
inhibition of Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
inhibition of sodium:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
inhibition of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
inhibition of sodium/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
inhibition of sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase activity
negative regulation of (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase activity
negative regulation of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity
negative regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+/K+-exchanging)
negative regulation of Na,K-activated ATPase activity
negative regulation of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity
negative regulation of Na(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
negative regulation of Na+,K+-ATPase activity
negative regulation of Na+/K+-ATPase activity
negative regulation of Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
negative regulation of sodium:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
negative regulation of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
negative regulation of sodium/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
negative regulation of sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase activity
regulation of P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.
regulation of (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase activity
regulation of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity
regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+/K+-exchanging)
regulation of Na,K-activated ATPase activity
regulation of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity
regulation of Na(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
regulation of Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
regulation of sodium:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
regulation of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
regulation of sodium/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
regulation of sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase activity
The directed movement of L-lysine across a membrane.
negative regulation of renal phosphate excretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.
downregulation of renal phosphate excretion
down regulation of renal phosphate excretion
down-regulation of renal phosphate excretion
downregulation of renal phosphate ion excretion
down regulation of renal phosphate ion excretion
down-regulation of renal phosphate ion excretion
inhibition of renal phosphate ion excretion
negative regulation of renal phosphate ion excretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.
regulation of renal phosphate ion excretion
positive regulation of secondary cell septum biogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell septum biogenesis.
activation of secondary cell septum biogenesis
upregulation of secondary cell septum biogenesis
up regulation of secondary cell septum biogenesis
up-regulation of secondary cell septum biogenesis
negative regulation of secondary cell septum biogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell septum biogenesis.
downregulation of secondary cell septum biogenesis
down regulation of secondary cell septum biogenesis
down-regulation of secondary cell septum biogenesis
inhibition of secondary cell septum biogenesis
obsolete positive regulation of m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase activity.
obsolete regulation of m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase activity.
positive regulation of adherens junction organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adherens junction organization.
activation of adherens junction assembly and maintenance
activation of adherens junction organisation
activation of adherens junction organization
positive regulation of adherens junction assembly and maintenance
positive regulation of adherens junction organisation
upregulation of adherens junction assembly and maintenance
up regulation of adherens junction assembly and maintenance
up-regulation of adherens junction assembly and maintenance
upregulation of adherens junction organisation
up regulation of adherens junction organisation
up-regulation of adherens junction organisation
upregulation of adherens junction organization
up regulation of adherens junction organization
up-regulation of adherens junction organization
negative regulation of adherens junction organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adherens junction organization.
downregulation of adherens junction assembly and maintenance
down regulation of adherens junction assembly and maintenance
down-regulation of adherens junction assembly and maintenance
downregulation of adherens junction organisation
down regulation of adherens junction organisation
down-regulation of adherens junction organisation
downregulation of adherens junction organization
down regulation of adherens junction organization
down-regulation of adherens junction organization
inhibition of adherens junction assembly and maintenance
inhibition of adherens junction organisation
inhibition of adherens junction organization
negative regulation of adherens junction assembly and maintenance
negative regulation of adherens junction organisation
regulation of secondary cell septum biogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell septum biogenesis.
protein localization to kinetochore involved in kinetochore assembly
Any protein localization to kinetochore that is involved in kinetochore assembly.
condensin localization to kinetochore involved in centromere/kinetochore complex maturation
condensin localization to kinetochore involved in centromere and kinetochore complex maturation
condensin localization to kinetochore involved in chromosome-kinetochore attachment
condensin localization to kinetochore involved in kinetochore assembly
condensin localization to kinetochore involved in kinetochore formation
protein localisation to kinetochore involved in centromere/kinetochore complex maturation
protein localisation to kinetochore involved in centromere and kinetochore complex maturation
protein localisation to kinetochore involved in chromosome-kinetochore attachment
protein localisation to kinetochore involved in kinetochore assembly
protein localisation to kinetochore involved in kinetochore formation
protein localization to kinetochore involved in centromere/kinetochore complex maturation
protein localization to kinetochore involved in centromere and kinetochore complex maturation
protein localization to kinetochore involved in chromosome-kinetochore attachment
protein localization to kinetochore involved in kinetochore formation
obsolete RNA interference involved in olfactory learning
OBSOLETE. Any RNA interference that is involved in olfactory learning.
positive regulation of G1 to G0 transition
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.
activation of establishment of cell quiescence
positive regulation of cell cycle quiescence
positive regulation of establishment of cell quiescence
upregulation of establishment of cell quiescence
up regulation of establishment of cell quiescence
up-regulation of establishment of cell quiescence
negative regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process.
downregulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione anabolism
down regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione anabolism
down-regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione anabolism
downregulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthesis
down regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthesis
down-regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthesis
downregulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process
down regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process
down-regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process
downregulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione formation
down regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione formation
down-regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione formation
downregulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione synthesis
down regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione synthesis
down-regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione synthesis
downregulation of androstenedione biosynthetic process
down regulation of androstenedione biosynthetic process
down-regulation of androstenedione biosynthetic process
inhibition of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione anabolism
inhibition of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthesis
inhibition of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process
inhibition of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione formation
inhibition of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione synthesis
negative regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione anabolism
negative regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthesis
negative regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione formation
negative regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione synthesis
negative regulation of androstenedione biosynthetic process
regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process.
regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione anabolism
regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthesis
regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione formation
regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione synthesis
regulation of androstenedione biosynthetic process
androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geraniol.
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.
down regulation of cell cycle quiescence
down-regulation of cell cycle quiescence
downregulation of establishment of cell quiescence
down regulation of establishment of cell quiescence
down-regulation of establishment of cell quiescence
inhibition of establishment of cell quiescence
negative regulation of cell cycle quiescence
negative regulation of establishment of cell quiescence
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.
regulation of establishment of cell quiescence
protein transport from ciliary membrane to plasma membrane
The directed movement of protein from ciliary membrane to plasma membrane.
negative regulation of brown fat cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brown fat cell differentiation.
downregulation of brown adipocyte cell differentiation
down regulation of brown adipocyte cell differentiation
down-regulation of brown adipocyte cell differentiation
downregulation of brown adipocyte differentiation
down regulation of brown adipocyte differentiation
down-regulation of brown adipocyte differentiation
downregulation of brown fat cell differentiation
down regulation of brown fat cell differentiation
down-regulation of brown fat cell differentiation
inhibition of brown adipocyte cell differentiation
inhibition of brown adipocyte differentiation
inhibition of brown fat cell differentiation
negative regulation of brown adipocyte cell differentiation
negative regulation of brown adipocyte differentiation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of geraniol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving geraniol.
protein localization to ciliary membrane
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary membrane.
protein localisation in ciliary membrane
protein localisation to ciliary membrane
protein localization in ciliary membrane
A protein complex which is capable of amylin receptor activity.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoic acid stimulus.
negative regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinetic process.
downregulation of mitotic cytokinetic process
down regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process
down-regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process
inhibition of mitotic cytokinetic process
regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinetic process.
A protein complex which is capable of calcitonin family receptor activity. Calcitonin family receptors may form dimers, trimers or tetramers; adrenomedullin and amylin receptors have only been observed as dimers so far.
positive regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinetic process.
activation of mitotic cytokinetic process
upregulation of mitotic cytokinetic process
up regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process
up-regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process
regulation of constitutive secretory pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of constitutive secretory pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TORC1 signaling.
positive regulation of constitutive secretory pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of constitutive secretory pathway.
activation of constitutive secretory pathway
upregulation of constitutive secretory pathway
up regulation of constitutive secretory pathway
up-regulation of constitutive secretory pathway
negative regulation of constitutive secretory pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of constitutive secretory pathway.
downregulation of constitutive secretory pathway
down regulation of constitutive secretory pathway
down-regulation of constitutive secretory pathway
inhibition of constitutive secretory pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation.
regulation of functional differentiation
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process.
activation of reactive oxygen species anabolism
activation of reactive oxygen species biosynthesis
activation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process
activation of reactive oxygen species formation
activation of reactive oxygen species generation
activation of reactive oxygen species synthesis
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species anabolism
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthesis
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species formation
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species generation
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species synthesis
upregulation of reactive oxygen species anabolism
up regulation of reactive oxygen species anabolism
up-regulation of reactive oxygen species anabolism
upregulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthesis
up regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthesis
up-regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthesis
upregulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process
up regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process
up-regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process
upregulation of reactive oxygen species formation
up regulation of reactive oxygen species formation
up-regulation of reactive oxygen species formation
upregulation of reactive oxygen species generation
up regulation of reactive oxygen species generation
up-regulation of reactive oxygen species generation
upregulation of reactive oxygen species synthesis
up regulation of reactive oxygen species synthesis
up-regulation of reactive oxygen species synthesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation.
activation of functional differentiation
positive regulation of functional differentiation
upregulation of functional differentiation
up regulation of functional differentiation
up-regulation of functional differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation.
downregulation of functional differentiation
down regulation of functional differentiation
down-regulation of functional differentiation
inhibition of functional differentiation
negative regulation of functional differentiation
fluoride transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of fluoride from one side of a membrane to the other.
The process in which fluoride is transported across a membrane.
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process.
downregulation of reactive oxygen species anabolism
down regulation of reactive oxygen species anabolism
down-regulation of reactive oxygen species anabolism
downregulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthesis
down regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthesis
down-regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthesis
downregulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process
down regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process
down-regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process
downregulation of reactive oxygen species formation
down regulation of reactive oxygen species formation
down-regulation of reactive oxygen species formation
downregulation of reactive oxygen species generation
down regulation of reactive oxygen species generation
down-regulation of reactive oxygen species generation
downregulation of reactive oxygen species synthesis
down regulation of reactive oxygen species synthesis
down-regulation of reactive oxygen species synthesis
inhibition of reactive oxygen species anabolism
inhibition of reactive oxygen species biosynthesis
inhibition of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process
inhibition of reactive oxygen species formation
inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation
inhibition of reactive oxygen species synthesis
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species anabolism
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthesis
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species formation
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species generation
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species synthesis
regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process.
regulation of reactive oxygen species anabolism
regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthesis
regulation of reactive oxygen species formation
regulation of reactive oxygen species generation
regulation of reactive oxygen species synthesis
obsolete positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization.
obsolete negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lactation.
establishment of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization
Any establishment of actomyosin contractile ring localization that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
establishment of actomyosin contractile ring localization involved in mitotic cell cycle
obsolete negative regulation of actin filament organization involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament organization involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
obsolete regulation of actin filament organization involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament organization involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
obsolete regulation of maintenance of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization.
obsolete positive regulation of actin filament organization involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament organization involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
mitotic contractile ring actin filament bundle assembly
Any actin filament bundle assembly that is involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
actin filament bundle assembly involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
protein localization to cell division site involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
Any protein localization to cell division site that is involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
protein localisation to cell division site involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
protein localization to cell division site involved in actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in cytokinesis after mitosis
protein localization to cell division site involved in contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly actin filament organization
Any actin filament organization that is involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
actin filament organisation involved in contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
actin filament organisation involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
actin filament organization involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
obsolete actin filament bundle convergence involved in mitotic contractile ring assembly
OBSOLETE. Any actin filament bundle convergence that is involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
positive regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction.
activation of contractile ring contraction involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
activation of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring contraction involved in mitotic cell cycle
activation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction
positive regulation of contractile ring contraction involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring contraction involved in mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring constriction
upregulation of contractile ring contraction involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
up regulation of contractile ring contraction involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of contractile ring contraction involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring contraction involved in mitotic cell cycle
up regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring contraction involved in mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring contraction involved in mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction
up regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction
up-regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction
negative regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction.
downregulation of contractile ring contraction involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
down regulation of contractile ring contraction involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of contractile ring contraction involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
downregulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring contraction involved in mitotic cell cycle
down regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring contraction involved in mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring contraction involved in mitotic cell cycle
downregulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction
down regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction
down-regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction
inhibition of contractile ring contraction involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
inhibition of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring contraction involved in mitotic cell cycle
inhibition of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction
negative regulation of contractile ring contraction involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring contraction involved in mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring constriction
mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
Any actomyosin contractile ring assembly that is involved in mitotic cytokinesis.
actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in cytokinesis after mitosis
contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
obsolete anchoring of the mitotic actomyosin contractile ring to the plasma membrane
OBSOLETE. A process that maintains the mitotic actinomyosin contractile ring at the plasma membrane.
removal of RNA primer involved in mitotic DNA replication
Any DNA replication, removal of RNA primer that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA replication, removal of RNA primer involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA replication, removal of RNA primer involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA replication, removal of RNA primer involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA replication, removal of RNA primer involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
DNA replication, removal of RNA primer involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
Okazaki initiator RNA removal involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
Okazaki initiator RNA removal involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
Okazaki initiator RNA removal involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
Okazaki initiator RNA removal involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
Okazaki initiator RNA removal involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
Okazaki initiator RNA removal involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of DNA replication initiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication.
activation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
activation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication
positive regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
upregulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
up regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
up-regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
upregulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication
up regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication
up-regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication
regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction.
regulation of contractile ring contraction involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin ring contraction involved in mitotic cell cycle
regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring constriction
obsolete actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any actomyosin contractile ring assembly that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
activation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
activation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
activation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
activation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
activation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
activation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
positive regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
up regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
up regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
up regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
up regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
up-regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
upregulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
up regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
up-regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
upregulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
up regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
downregulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
down regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
downregulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
downregulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
down regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
down regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
downregulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
down regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
down-regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
downregulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
down regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
down-regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
downregulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
down regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
inhibition of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
inhibition of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
inhibition of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
inhibition of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
inhibition of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
inhibition of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
negative regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication.
downregulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
down regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
down-regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
downregulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication
down regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication
down-regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication
inhibition of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
inhibition of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication
negative regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication.
regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
Okazaki fragment processing involved in mitotic DNA replication
Any DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
mitotic DNA replication leading strand elongation
Any leading strand elongation that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
leading strand elongation involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
leading strand elongation involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
leading strand elongation involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
leading strand elongation involved in mitotic DNA replication
leading strand elongation involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
leading strand elongation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate.
positive regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process.
activation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione anabolism
activation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthesis
activation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process
activation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione formation
activation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione synthesis
positive regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione anabolism
positive regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthesis
positive regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione formation
positive regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione synthesis
positive regulation of androstenedione biosynthetic process
upregulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione anabolism
up regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione anabolism
up-regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione anabolism
upregulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthesis
up regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthesis
up-regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthesis
upregulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process
up regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process
up-regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process
upregulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione formation
up regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione formation
up-regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione formation
upregulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione synthesis
up regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione synthesis
up-regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione synthesis
upregulation of androstenedione biosynthetic process
up regulation of androstenedione biosynthetic process
up-regulation of androstenedione biosynthetic process
mitotic DNA replication lagging strand elongation
Any lagging strand elongation that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
lagging strand elongation involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
lagging strand elongation involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
lagging strand elongation involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
lagging strand elongation involved in mitotic DNA replication
lagging strand elongation involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
lagging strand elongation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of single strand break repair
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single strand break repair.
downregulation of single strand break repair
down regulation of single strand break repair
down-regulation of single strand break repair
inhibition of single strand break repair
regulation of single strand break repair
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single strand break repair.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland involution.
positive regulation of single strand break repair
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single strand break repair.
activation of single strand break repair
upregulation of single strand break repair
up regulation of single strand break repair
up-regulation of single strand break repair
endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol transport
The directed movement of substances from endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytanic acid.
calcium ion transport from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum
The directed movement of calcium ion from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum.
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by endoplasmic reticulum
The directed movement of calcium ion from endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol.
calcium ion transport from endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol
The chemical reactions and pathways involving liposaccharide.
positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription.
activation of nucleic acid-templated transcription
upregulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription
up regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription
up-regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription
The chemical reactions and pathways involving orotic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucopolysaccharide.
regulation of establishment of actomyosin contractile ring localization involved in mitotic cell cycle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of actomyosin contractile ring localization involved in mitotic cell cycle.
regulation of mitotic spindle checkpoint
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle checkpoint.
regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint
negative regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription.
downregulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription
down regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription
down-regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription
inhibition of nucleic acid-templated transcription
regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription.
positive regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
activation of actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in cytokinesis after mitosis
activation of contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
activation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
activation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
positive regulation of actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in cytokinesis after mitosis
positive regulation of contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
positive regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly
upregulation of actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in cytokinesis after mitosis
up regulation of actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in cytokinesis after mitosis
up-regulation of actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in cytokinesis after mitosis
upregulation of contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
up regulation of contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
up-regulation of contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
upregulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
up regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
up-regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
upregulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
up regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
up-regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
negative regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
downregulation of actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in cytokinesis after mitosis
down regulation of actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in cytokinesis after mitosis
down-regulation of actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in cytokinesis after mitosis
downregulation of contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
down regulation of contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
down-regulation of contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
downregulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
down regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
down-regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
downregulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
down regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
down-regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
inhibition of actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in cytokinesis after mitosis
inhibition of contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
inhibition of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
inhibition of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
negative regulation of actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in cytokinesis after mitosis
negative regulation of contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
negative regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
negative regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly
A protein complex which is capable of ATPase inhibitor activity.
A protein complex which is capable of translation repressor activity.
cellular response to 11-deoxycorticosterone
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 11-deoxycorticosterone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 11-deoxycorticosterone stimulus.
regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
regulation of actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in cytokinesis after mitosis
regulation of contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis
regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a bundle sheath cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a clopidogrel stimulus. Clopidogrel is a is an oral, thienopyridine-class antiplatelet agent used to inhibit blood clots in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aspirin (acetylsalicylate) stimulus. Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with moA cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.
cellular response to dehydroepiandrosterone
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dehydroepiandrosterone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dehydroepiandrosterone stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lactation.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lactation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a simvastatin stimulus. Simvastatin is a statin used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.
positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis.
positive regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis
upregulation of cytokinesis after mitosis
up regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis
up-regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis
positive regulation of growth hormone activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth hormone activity.
activation of pituitary growth hormone activity
activation of placental growth hormone activity
positive regulation of pituitary growth hormone activity
positive regulation of placental growth hormone activity
up regulation of growth hormone activity
up-regulation of growth hormone activity
upregulation of pituitary growth hormone activity
up regulation of pituitary growth hormone activity
up-regulation of pituitary growth hormone activity
upregulation of placental growth hormone activity
up regulation of placental growth hormone activity
up-regulation of placental growth hormone activity
negative regulation of growth hormone activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth hormone activity.
downregulation of growth hormone activity
down regulation of growth hormone activity
down-regulation of growth hormone activity
downregulation of pituitary growth hormone activity
down regulation of pituitary growth hormone activity
down-regulation of pituitary growth hormone activity
downregulation of placental growth hormone activity
down regulation of placental growth hormone activity
down-regulation of placental growth hormone activity
inhibition of pituitary growth hormone activity
inhibition of placental growth hormone activity
negative regulation of pituitary growth hormone activity
negative regulation of placental growth hormone activity
regulation of extracellular exosome assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly.
regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a butyrate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a butyrate stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth hormone activity.
regulation of pituitary growth hormone activity
regulation of placental growth hormone activity
protein localization to photoreceptor outer segment
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a photoreceptor outer segment.
protein localisation in photoreceptor outer segment
protein localisation to photoreceptor outer segment
protein localization in photoreceptor outer segment
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion.
regulation of exosomal protein secretion
regulation of exosomal secretory pathway
regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion
establishment of protein localization to postsynaptic membrane
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a postsynaptic membrane.
establishment of protein localisation in postsynaptic membrane
establishment of protein localisation to postsynaptic membrane
establishment of protein localization in postsynaptic membrane
positive regulation of exosomal secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion.
activation of exosomal protein secretion
activation of exosomal secretory pathway
activation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion
positive regulation of exosomal protein secretion
positive regulation of exosomal secretory pathway
positive regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion
positive regulation of secretion of exosome
upregulation of exosomal protein secretion
up regulation of exosomal protein secretion
up-regulation of exosomal protein secretion
upregulation of exosomal secretory pathway
up regulation of exosomal secretory pathway
up-regulation of exosomal secretory pathway
upregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion
up regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion
up-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion
negative regulation of exosomal secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion.
downregulation of exosomal protein secretion
down regulation of exosomal protein secretion
down-regulation of exosomal protein secretion
downregulation of exosomal secretory pathway
down regulation of exosomal secretory pathway
down-regulation of exosomal secretory pathway
downregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion
down regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion
down-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion
inhibition of exosomal protein secretion
inhibition of exosomal secretory pathway
inhibition of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion
negative regulation of exosomal protein secretion
negative regulation of exosomal secretory pathway
negative regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome secretion
negative regulation of secretion of exosome
meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation
Any meiotic cell cycle process that is involved in oocyte maturation.
positive regulation of lactose biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lactose biosynthetic process.
activation of lactose biosynthetic process
positive regulation of lactose anabolism
positive regulation of lactose biosynthesis
positive regulation of lactose formation
positive regulation of lactose synthesis
upregulation of lactose biosynthetic process
up regulation of lactose biosynthetic process
up-regulation of lactose biosynthetic process
protein localization to postsynaptic membrane
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a postsynaptic membrane.
protein localisation in postsynaptic membrane
protein localisation to postsynaptic membrane
protein localization in postsynaptic membrane
regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation.
regulation of meiosis involved in oocyte maturation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting.
regulation of nascent polypeptide association
regulation of protein sorting along secretory pathway
positive regulation of secretion by cell
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.
positive regulation of cellular secretion
negative regulation of lactose biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lactose biosynthetic process.
downregulation of lactose biosynthetic process
down regulation of lactose biosynthetic process
down-regulation of lactose biosynthetic process
inhibition of lactose biosynthetic process
negative regulation of lactose anabolism
negative regulation of lactose biosynthesis
negative regulation of lactose formation
negative regulation of lactose synthesis
regulation of lactose biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lactose biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of dCDP biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dCDP biosynthetic process.
downregulation of dCDP biosynthetic process
down regulation of dCDP biosynthetic process
down-regulation of dCDP biosynthetic process
negative regulation of dCDP biosynthesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dCDP biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of secretion by cell
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.
negative regulation of cellular secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane tubulation.
regulation of plasma membrane tubulation
positive regulation of blood circulation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.
positive regulation of hemolymph circulation
positive regulation of membrane tubulation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane tubulation.
activation of plasma membrane tubulation
positive regulation of plasma membrane tubulation
upregulation of plasma membrane tubulation
up regulation of plasma membrane tubulation
up-regulation of plasma membrane tubulation
negative regulation of membrane tubulation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane tubulation.
downregulation of plasma membrane tubulation
down regulation of plasma membrane tubulation
down-regulation of plasma membrane tubulation
inhibition of plasma membrane tubulation
negative regulation of plasma membrane tubulation
positive regulation of mammary gland involution
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland involution.
upregulation of mammary gland involution
up regulation of mammary gland involution
up-regulation of mammary gland involution
negative regulation of mammary gland involution
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland involution.
downregulation of mammary gland involution
down regulation of mammary gland involution
down-regulation of mammary gland involution
negative regulation of blood circulation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.
down regulation of hemolymph circulation
down-regulation of hemolymph circulation
negative regulation of hemolymph circulation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basophil degranulation.
positive regulation of ATP metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process.
positive regulation of basophil degranulation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil degranulation.
negative regulation of basophil degranulation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basophil degranulation.
downregulation of basophil degranulation
down regulation of basophil degranulation
down-regulation of basophil degranulation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-arginine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-arginine stimulus.
negative regulation of ATP metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process.
down regulation of ATP metabolic process
down-regulation of ATP metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process.
negative regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.
downregulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down-regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
downregulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down-regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down regulation of response to ER stress
down-regulation of response to ER stress
inhibition of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
inhibition of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of ER stress response
negative regulation of response to ER stress
positive regulation of protein kinase D signaling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase D signaling.
activation of protein kinase D signaling
activation of protein kinase D signaling cascade
activation of protein kinase D signalling cascade
activation of protein kinase D signal transduction
positive regulation of PKD signaling cascade
positive regulation of PKD signal transduction
positive regulation of protein kinase D signaling cascade
positive regulation of protein kinase D signalling cascade
positive regulation of protein kinase D signal transduction
up regulation of PKD signal transduction
up-regulation of PKD signal transduction
upregulation of protein kinase D signaling
up regulation of protein kinase D signaling
up-regulation of protein kinase D signaling
upregulation of protein kinase D signaling cascade
up regulation of protein kinase D signaling cascade
up-regulation of protein kinase D signaling cascade
upregulation of protein kinase D signalling cascade
up regulation of protein kinase D signalling cascade
up-regulation of protein kinase D signalling cascade
upregulation of protein kinase D signal transduction
up regulation of protein kinase D signal transduction
up-regulation of protein kinase D signal transduction
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cornified envelope.
negative regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to amino acid starvation.
downregulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation
down regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation
down-regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation
inhibition of cellular response to amino acid starvation
positive regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to ciliary membrane.
activation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane
activation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane
activation of protein localization in ciliary membrane
activation of protein localization to ciliary membrane
positive regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane
positive regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane
positive regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane
upregulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane
up regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane
up-regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane
upregulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane
up regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane
up-regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane
upregulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane
up regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane
up-regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane
upregulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane
up regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane
up-regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane
negative regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to ciliary membrane.
downregulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane
down regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane
down-regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane
downregulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane
down regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane
down-regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane
downregulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane
down regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane
down-regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane
downregulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane
down regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane
down-regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane
inhibition of protein localisation in ciliary membrane
inhibition of protein localisation to ciliary membrane
inhibition of protein localization in ciliary membrane
inhibition of protein localization to ciliary membrane
negative regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane
negative regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane
negative regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane
negative regulation of protein kinase D signaling
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase D signaling.
down regulation of PKD signaling cascade
down-regulation of PKD signaling cascade
downregulation of PKD signal transduction
down regulation of PKD signal transduction
down-regulation of PKD signal transduction
downregulation of protein kinase D signaling
down regulation of protein kinase D signaling
down-regulation of protein kinase D signaling
downregulation of protein kinase D signaling cascade
down regulation of protein kinase D signaling cascade
down-regulation of protein kinase D signaling cascade
downregulation of protein kinase D signalling cascade
down regulation of protein kinase D signalling cascade
down-regulation of protein kinase D signalling cascade
downregulation of protein kinase D signal transduction
down regulation of protein kinase D signal transduction
down-regulation of protein kinase D signal transduction
inhibition of protein kinase D signaling
inhibition of protein kinase D signaling cascade
inhibition of protein kinase D signalling cascade
inhibition of protein kinase D signal transduction
negative regulation of PKD signaling cascade
negative regulation of PKD signal transduction
negative regulation of protein kinase D signaling cascade
negative regulation of protein kinase D signalling cascade
negative regulation of protein kinase D signal transduction
regulation of protein kinase D signaling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase D signaling.
regulation of protein kinase D signaling cascade
regulation of protein kinase D signalling cascade
regulation of protein kinase D signal transduction
negative regulation of protein localization to cilium
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium.
downregulation of protein localization to cilium
down regulation of protein localization to cilium
down-regulation of protein localization to cilium
inhibition of protein localization to cilium
regulation of protein localization to cilium
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium.
regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to ciliary membrane.
regulation of protein localisation in ciliary membrane
regulation of protein localisation to ciliary membrane
regulation of protein localization in ciliary membrane
positive regulation of protein localization to cilium
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium.
activation of protein localization to cilium
upregulation of protein localization to cilium
up regulation of protein localization to cilium
up-regulation of protein localization to cilium
Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-cyano-L-alanine.
microtubule bundle formation involved in horsetail-astral microtubule organization
Any microtubule bundle formation that is involved in horsetail-astral microtubule organization.
microtubule bundle formation involved in horsetail-astral microtubule array organization
microtubule bundle formation involved in horsetail-astral microtubule organisation
microtubule bundling involved in horsetail-astral microtubule array organization
microtubule bundling involved in horsetail-astral microtubule organisation
microtubule bundling involved in horsetail-astral microtubule organization
microtubule bundle formation involved in mitotic spindle midzone assembly
Any microtubule bundle formation that is involved in spindle midzone assembly involved in mitosis.
microtubule bundle formation involved in mitotic spindle midzone formation
microtubule bundle formation involved in spindle midzone assembly involved in mitosis
microtubule bundling involved in mitotic spindle midzone assembly
microtubule bundling involved in mitotic spindle midzone formation
microtubule bundling involved in spindle midzone assembly involved in mitosis
microtubule bundling involved in spindle midzone biogenesis involved in mitosis
microtubule bundling involved in spindle midzone formation involved in mitosis
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production.
activation of TNF superfamily production
activation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
positive regulation of TNFSF cytokine production
positive regulation of TNF superfamily production
upregulation of TNFSF cytokine production
up regulation of TNFSF cytokine production
up-regulation of TNFSF cytokine production
upregulation of TNF superfamily production
up regulation of TNF superfamily production
up-regulation of TNF superfamily production
upregulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
up regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production.
downregulation of TNFSF cytokine production
down regulation of TNFSF cytokine production
down-regulation of TNFSF cytokine production
downregulation of TNF superfamily production
down regulation of TNF superfamily production
down-regulation of TNF superfamily production
downregulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
down regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
inhibition of TNF superfamily production
inhibition of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
negative regulation of TNFSF cytokine production
negative regulation of TNF superfamily production
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-cyano-L-alanine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-cyano-L-alanine.
positive regulation of extracellular exosome assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly.
activation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly
positive regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly
upregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly
up regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly
up-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly
negative regulation of extracellular exosome assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly.
downregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly
down regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly
down-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly
inhibition of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly
negative regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly
regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production.
regulation of TNF superfamily production
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway that is involved in the defense response to Gram-negative bacterium.
GPCR signaling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
GPCR signaling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
GPCR signaling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
GPCR signaling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
GPCR signaling pathway involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
GPCR signalling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
GPCR signalling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
GPCR signalling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
GPCR signalling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
GPCR signalling pathway involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.
regulation of [phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase activity
regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) activity
regulation of phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase activity
regulation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
regulation of phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase activity
regulation of phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
regulation of protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
regulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase activity
regulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
regulation of tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase activity
regulation of tyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
positive regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.
activation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity
upregulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity
up regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity
up-regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity
positive regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.
activation of [phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase activity
activation of phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) activity
activation of phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase activity
activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
activation of phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase activity
activation of phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
activation of protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
activation of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase activity
activation of protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
activation of tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase activity
activation of tyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
positive regulation of [phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase activity
positive regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) activity
positive regulation of phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase activity
positive regulation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
positive regulation of phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase activity
positive regulation of phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
positive regulation of PPT-phosphatase activity
positive regulation of protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
positive regulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase activity
positive regulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
positive regulation of PTP-phosphatase activity
positive regulation of tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase activity
positive regulation of tyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
upregulation of [phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase activity
up regulation of [phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase activity
up-regulation of [phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase activity
upregulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) activity
up regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) activity
up-regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) activity
upregulation of phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase activity
up regulation of phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase activity
up-regulation of phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase activity
upregulation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
up regulation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
up-regulation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
upregulation of phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase activity
up regulation of phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase activity
up-regulation of phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase activity
upregulation of phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
up regulation of phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
up-regulation of phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
upregulation of PPT-phosphatase activity
up regulation of PPT-phosphatase activity
up-regulation of PPT-phosphatase activity
upregulation of protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
up regulation of protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
up-regulation of protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
upregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
upregulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase activity
up regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
up regulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase activity
up-regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
up-regulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase activity
upregulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
up regulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
up-regulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
upregulation of PTP-phosphatase activity
up regulation of PTP-phosphatase activity
up-regulation of PTP-phosphatase activity
upregulation of tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase activity
up regulation of tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase activity
up-regulation of tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase activity
upregulation of tyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
up regulation of tyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
up-regulation of tyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
negative regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.
downregulation of [phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase activity
down regulation of [phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase activity
down-regulation of [phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase activity
downregulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) activity
down regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) activity
down-regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) activity
downregulation of phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase activity
down regulation of phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase activity
down-regulation of phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase activity
downregulation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
down regulation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
down-regulation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
downregulation of phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase activity
down regulation of phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase activity
down-regulation of phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase activity
downregulation of phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
down regulation of phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
down-regulation of phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
downregulation of PPT-phosphatase activity
down regulation of PPT-phosphatase activity
down-regulation of PPT-phosphatase activity
downregulation of protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
down regulation of protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
down-regulation of protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
downregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
downregulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase activity
down regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
down regulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase activity
down-regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
down-regulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase activity
downregulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
down regulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
down-regulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
downregulation of PTP-phosphatase activity
down regulation of PTP-phosphatase activity
down-regulation of PTP-phosphatase activity
downregulation of tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase activity
down regulation of tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase activity
down-regulation of tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase activity
downregulation of tyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
down regulation of tyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
down-regulation of tyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
inhibition of [phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase activity
inhibition of phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) activity
inhibition of phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase activity
inhibition of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
inhibition of phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase activity
inhibition of phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
inhibition of protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
inhibition of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase activity
inhibition of protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
inhibition of tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase activity
inhibition of tyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
negative regulation of [phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase activity
negative regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) activity
negative regulation of phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase activity
negative regulation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
negative regulation of phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase activity
negative regulation of phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
negative regulation of PPT-phosphatase activity
negative regulation of protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity
negative regulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase activity
negative regulation of protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
negative regulation of PTP-phosphatase activity
negative regulation of tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase activity
negative regulation of tyrosylprotein phosphatase activity
negative regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.
downregulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity
down regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity
down-regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity
inhibition of inward rectifier potassium channel activity
negative regulation of Kir channel activity
protein localization to cytoplasmic stress granule
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytoplasmic stress granule.
protein localisation in cytoplasmic stress granule
protein localisation to cytoplasmic stress granule
protein localization in cytoplasmic stress granule
negative regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.
downregulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity
down regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity
down-regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity
inhibition of calcium-dependent ATPase activity
regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cytochrome.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cytochrome.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytochrome c.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytochrome c.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving thermospermine.
A protein complex which is capable of glutaminase activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thermospermine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thermospermine.
negative regulation of gap junction assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly.
down regulation of gap junction assembly
down-regulation of gap junction assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly.
positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation by autophagy.
positive regulation of mitochondrial degradation
upregulation of mitochondrion degradation
up regulation of mitochondrion degradation
up-regulation of mitochondrion degradation
positive regulation of gap junction assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly.
regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell.
positive regulation of lysozyme activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.
activation of 1,4-N-acetylmuramidase activity
activation of mucopeptide glucohydrolase activity
activation of mucopeptide N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
activation of N,O-diacetylmuramidase activity
activation of peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
positive regulation of 1,4-N-acetylmuramidase activity
positive regulation of mucopeptide glucohydrolase activity
positive regulation of mucopeptide N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
positive regulation of muramidase activity
positive regulation of N,O-diacetylmuramidase activity
positive regulation of peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
upregulation of 1,4-N-acetylmuramidase activity
up regulation of 1,4-N-acetylmuramidase activity
up-regulation of 1,4-N-acetylmuramidase activity
upregulation of mucopeptide glucohydrolase activity
up regulation of mucopeptide glucohydrolase activity
up-regulation of mucopeptide glucohydrolase activity
upregulation of mucopeptide N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
up regulation of mucopeptide N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
up-regulation of mucopeptide N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
upregulation of N,O-diacetylmuramidase activity
up regulation of N,O-diacetylmuramidase activity
up-regulation of N,O-diacetylmuramidase activity
upregulation of peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
up regulation of peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
up-regulation of peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
positive regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell.
activation of histamine secretion by mast cell
upregulation of histamine secretion by mast cell
up regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell
up-regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell
negative regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell.
downregulation of histamine secretion by mast cell
down regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell
down-regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell
inhibition of histamine secretion by mast cell
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis.
activation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation during sprouting angiogenesis
activation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation during sprouting angiogenesis
upregulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation during sprouting angiogenesis
up regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation during sprouting angiogenesis
up-regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation during sprouting angiogenesis
upregulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis
up regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis
up-regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis
negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis.
downregulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation during sprouting angiogenesis
down regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation during sprouting angiogenesis
down-regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation during sprouting angiogenesis
downregulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis
down regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis
down-regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis
inhibition of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation during sprouting angiogenesis
inhibition of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis
negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation during sprouting angiogenesis
negative regulation of lysozyme activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.
downregulation of 1,4-N-acetylmuramidase activity
down regulation of 1,4-N-acetylmuramidase activity
down-regulation of 1,4-N-acetylmuramidase activity
downregulation of mucopeptide glucohydrolase activity
down regulation of mucopeptide glucohydrolase activity
down-regulation of mucopeptide glucohydrolase activity
downregulation of mucopeptide N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
down regulation of mucopeptide N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
down-regulation of mucopeptide N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
downregulation of N,O-diacetylmuramidase activity
down regulation of N,O-diacetylmuramidase activity
down-regulation of N,O-diacetylmuramidase activity
downregulation of peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
down regulation of peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
down-regulation of peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
inhibition of 1,4-N-acetylmuramidase activity
inhibition of mucopeptide glucohydrolase activity
inhibition of mucopeptide N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
inhibition of N,O-diacetylmuramidase activity
inhibition of peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
negative regulation of 1,4-N-acetylmuramidase activity
negative regulation of mucopeptide glucohydrolase activity
negative regulation of mucopeptide N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
negative regulation of muramidase activity
negative regulation of N,O-diacetylmuramidase activity
negative regulation of peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.
regulation of 1,4-N-acetylmuramidase activity
regulation of mucopeptide glucohydrolase activity
regulation of mucopeptide N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
regulation of N,O-diacetylmuramidase activity
regulation of peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity
negative regulation of histone deubiquitination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone deubiquitination.
downregulation of histone deubiquitination
down regulation of histone deubiquitination
down-regulation of histone deubiquitination
downregulation of histone deubiquitinylation
down regulation of histone deubiquitinylation
down-regulation of histone deubiquitinylation
downregulation of histone deubiquitylation
down regulation of histone deubiquitylation
down-regulation of histone deubiquitylation
inhibition of histone deubiquitinylation
negative regulation of histone deubiquitinylation
negative regulation of histone deubiquitylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone deubiquitination.
regulation of histone deubiquitinylation
regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis.
regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation during sprouting angiogenesis
positive regulation of histone deubiquitination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone deubiquitination.
activation of histone deubiquitinylation
positive regulation of histone deubiquitinylation
positive regulation of histone deubiquitylation
upregulation of histone deubiquitination
up regulation of histone deubiquitination
up-regulation of histone deubiquitination
upregulation of histone deubiquitinylation
up regulation of histone deubiquitinylation
up-regulation of histone deubiquitinylation
upregulation of histone deubiquitylation
up regulation of histone deubiquitylation
up-regulation of histone deubiquitylation
negative regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.
downregulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding
down regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding
down-regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding
inhibition of chaperone-mediated protein folding
regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.
negative regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chlorophyll catabolic process.
down regulation of chlorophyll breakdown
down-regulation of chlorophyll breakdown
downregulation of chlorophyll catabolic process
down regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process
down-regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process
downregulation of chlorophyll catabolism
down regulation of chlorophyll catabolism
down-regulation of chlorophyll catabolism
downregulation of chlorophyll degradation
down regulation of chlorophyll degradation
down-regulation of chlorophyll degradation
inhibition of chlorophyll catabolic process
negative regulation of chlorophyll breakdown
negative regulation of chlorophyll catabolism
negative regulation of chlorophyll degradation
positive regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.
activation of chaperone-mediated protein folding
upregulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding
up regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding
up-regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding
positive regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion.
activation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion
upregulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion
up regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion
up-regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion
negative regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion.
downregulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion
down regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion
down-regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion
inhibition of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion
positive regulation of recombination hotspot binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination hotspot binding.
activation of DNA binding, recombination hotspot
activation of recombination hotspot binding
positive regulation of DNA binding, recombination hotspot
upregulation of DNA binding, recombination hotspot
up regulation of DNA binding, recombination hotspot
up-regulation of DNA binding, recombination hotspot
upregulation of recombination hotspot binding
up regulation of recombination hotspot binding
up-regulation of recombination hotspot binding
regulation of recombination hotspot binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of recombination hotspot binding.
regulation of DNA binding, recombination hotspot
negative regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane.
downregulation of mitochondrial outer membrane protein import
down regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane protein import
down-regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane protein import
downregulation of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane
down regulation of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane
down-regulation of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane
downregulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane
down regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane
down-regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane
downregulation of protein transport into mitochondrial outer membrane
down regulation of protein transport into mitochondrial outer membrane
down-regulation of protein transport into mitochondrial outer membrane
inhibition of mitochondrial outer membrane protein import
inhibition of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane
inhibition of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane
inhibition of protein transport into mitochondrial outer membrane
negative regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane protein import
negative regulation of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane
negative regulation of protein transport into mitochondrial outer membrane
regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane.
regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane protein import
regulation of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane
regulation of protein transport into mitochondrial outer membrane
regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion.
positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane.
activation of mitochondrial outer membrane protein import
activation of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane
activation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane
activation of protein transport into mitochondrial outer membrane
positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane protein import
positive regulation of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane
positive regulation of protein transport into mitochondrial outer membrane
upregulation of mitochondrial outer membrane protein import
up regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane protein import
up-regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane protein import
upregulation of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane
up regulation of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane
up-regulation of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane
upregulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane
up regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane
up-regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane
upregulation of protein transport into mitochondrial outer membrane
up regulation of protein transport into mitochondrial outer membrane
up-regulation of protein transport into mitochondrial outer membrane
regulation of leucine-tRNA ligase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leucine-tRNA ligase activity.
regulation of leucine translase activity
regulation of leucine-tRNA synthetase activity
regulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
regulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
regulation of leucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
regulation of leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
regulation of L-leucine:tRNALeu ligase (AMP-forming)
positive regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity.
activation of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
activation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity
activation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase auxiliary protein activity
positive regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity
positive regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase auxiliary protein activity
upregulation of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
up regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
up-regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
upregulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity
up regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity
up-regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity
upregulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase auxiliary protein activity
up regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase auxiliary protein activity
up-regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase auxiliary protein activity
positive regulation of leucine-tRNA ligase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leucine-tRNA ligase activity.
activation of leucine translase activity
activation of leucine-tRNA ligase activity
activation of leucine-tRNA synthetase activity
activation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
activation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
activation of leucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
activation of leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
activation of L-leucine:tRNALeu ligase (AMP-forming)
positive regulation of leucine translase activity
positive regulation of leucine-tRNA synthetase activity
positive regulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
positive regulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
positive regulation of leucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
positive regulation of leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
positive regulation of L-leucine:tRNALeu ligase (AMP-forming)
upregulation of leucine translase activity
up regulation of leucine translase activity
up-regulation of leucine translase activity
upregulation of leucine-tRNA ligase activity
up regulation of leucine-tRNA ligase activity
up-regulation of leucine-tRNA ligase activity
upregulation of leucine-tRNA synthetase activity
up regulation of leucine-tRNA synthetase activity
up-regulation of leucine-tRNA synthetase activity
upregulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
up regulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
up-regulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
upregulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
up regulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
up-regulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
upregulation of leucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
up regulation of leucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
up-regulation of leucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
upregulation of leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
up regulation of leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
up-regulation of leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
upregulation of L-leucine:tRNALeu ligase (AMP-forming)
up regulation of L-leucine:tRNALeu ligase (AMP-forming)
up-regulation of L-leucine:tRNALeu ligase (AMP-forming)
negative regulation of leucine-tRNA ligase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leucine-tRNA ligase activity.
downregulation of leucine translase activity
down regulation of leucine translase activity
down-regulation of leucine translase activity
downregulation of leucine-tRNA ligase activity
down regulation of leucine-tRNA ligase activity
down-regulation of leucine-tRNA ligase activity
downregulation of leucine-tRNA synthetase activity
down regulation of leucine-tRNA synthetase activity
down-regulation of leucine-tRNA synthetase activity
downregulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
down regulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
down-regulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
downregulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
down regulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
down-regulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
downregulation of leucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
down regulation of leucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
down-regulation of leucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
downregulation of leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
down regulation of leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
down-regulation of leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
downregulation of L-leucine:tRNALeu ligase (AMP-forming)
down regulation of L-leucine:tRNALeu ligase (AMP-forming)
down-regulation of L-leucine:tRNALeu ligase (AMP-forming)
inhibition of leucine translase activity
inhibition of leucine-tRNA ligase activity
inhibition of leucine-tRNA synthetase activity
inhibition of leucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
inhibition of leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
inhibition of leucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
inhibition of leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
inhibition of L-leucine:tRNALeu ligase (AMP-forming)
negative regulation of leucine translase activity
negative regulation of leucine-tRNA synthetase activity
negative regulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
negative regulation of leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
negative regulation of leucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
negative regulation of leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
negative regulation of L-leucine:tRNALeu ligase (AMP-forming)
positive regulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dUTP diphosphatase activity.
activation of deoxyuridine-triphosphatase activity
activation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphatase activity
activation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
activation of dUTP diphosphatase activity
activation of dUTP nucleotidohydrolase activity
activation of dUTP pyrophosphatase activity
positive regulation of deoxyuridine-triphosphatase activity
positive regulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphatase activity
positive regulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
positive regulation of dUTP nucleotidohydrolase activity
positive regulation of dUTP pyrophosphatase activity
upregulation of deoxyuridine-triphosphatase activity
up regulation of deoxyuridine-triphosphatase activity
up-regulation of deoxyuridine-triphosphatase activity
upregulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphatase activity
up regulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphatase activity
up-regulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphatase activity
upregulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
up regulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
up-regulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
upregulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity
up regulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity
up-regulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity
upregulation of dUTP nucleotidohydrolase activity
up regulation of dUTP nucleotidohydrolase activity
up-regulation of dUTP nucleotidohydrolase activity
upregulation of dUTP pyrophosphatase activity
up regulation of dUTP pyrophosphatase activity
up-regulation of dUTP pyrophosphatase activity
negative regulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dUTP diphosphatase activity.
downregulation of deoxyuridine-triphosphatase activity
down regulation of deoxyuridine-triphosphatase activity
down-regulation of deoxyuridine-triphosphatase activity
downregulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphatase activity
down regulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphatase activity
down-regulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphatase activity
downregulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
down regulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
down-regulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
downregulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity
down regulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity
down-regulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity
downregulation of dUTP nucleotidohydrolase activity
down regulation of dUTP nucleotidohydrolase activity
down-regulation of dUTP nucleotidohydrolase activity
downregulation of dUTP pyrophosphatase activity
down regulation of dUTP pyrophosphatase activity
down-regulation of dUTP pyrophosphatase activity
inhibition of deoxyuridine-triphosphatase activity
inhibition of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphatase activity
inhibition of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
inhibition of dUTP diphosphatase activity
inhibition of dUTP nucleotidohydrolase activity
inhibition of dUTP pyrophosphatase activity
negative regulation of deoxyuridine-triphosphatase activity
negative regulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphatase activity
negative regulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
negative regulation of dUTP nucleotidohydrolase activity
negative regulation of dUTP pyrophosphatase activity
negative regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity.
downregulation of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
down regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
down-regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
downregulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity
down regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity
down-regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity
downregulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase auxiliary protein activity
down regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase auxiliary protein activity
down-regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase auxiliary protein activity
inhibition of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
inhibition of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity
inhibition of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase auxiliary protein activity
negative regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity
negative regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase auxiliary protein activity
regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity.
regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity
regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase auxiliary protein activity
negative regulation of DNA catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process.
down regulation of DNA catabolic process
down-regulation of DNA catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process.
regulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dUTP diphosphatase activity.
regulation of deoxyuridine-triphosphatase activity
regulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphatase activity
regulation of desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
regulation of dUTP nucleotidohydrolase activity
regulation of dUTP pyrophosphatase activity
positive regulation of DNA catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process.
protein localization to photoreceptor connecting cilium
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a photoreceptor connecting cilium.
protein localisation in photoreceptor connecting cilium
protein localisation to photoreceptor connecting cilium
protein localization in photoreceptor connecting cilium
positive regulation of transdifferentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation.
negative regulation of RNA polymerase III activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase III activity.
downregulation of DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity involved in transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
down regulation of DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity involved in transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
down-regulation of DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity involved in transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
downregulation of RNA polymerase III activity
down regulation of RNA polymerase III activity
down-regulation of RNA polymerase III activity
inhibition of DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity involved in transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
inhibition of RNA polymerase III activity
negative regulation of DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity involved in transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
regulation of RNA polymerase III activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase III activity.
regulation of DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity involved in transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning.
positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, site selection
obsolete MAPK cascade involved in axon regeneration
OBSOLETE. Any MAPK cascade that is involved in axon regeneration.
negative regulation of transdifferentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation.
regulation of cap-independent translational initiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cap-independent translational initiation.
positive regulation of cap-dependent translational initiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cap-dependent translational initiation.
activation of cap-dependent translational initiation
upregulation of cap-dependent translational initiation
up regulation of cap-dependent translational initiation
up-regulation of cap-dependent translational initiation
positive regulation of cap-independent translational initiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cap-independent translational initiation.
activation of cap-independent translational initiation
upregulation of cap-independent translational initiation
up regulation of cap-independent translational initiation
up-regulation of cap-independent translational initiation
negative regulation of cap-independent translational initiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cap-independent translational initiation.
downregulation of cap-independent translational initiation
down regulation of cap-independent translational initiation
down-regulation of cap-independent translational initiation
inhibition of cap-independent translational initiation
Any cleavage furrow formation that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
cleavage furrow positioning involved in mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis.
negative regulation of cap-dependent translational initiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cap-dependent translational initiation.
downregulation of cap-dependent translational initiation
down regulation of cap-dependent translational initiation
down-regulation of cap-dependent translational initiation
inhibition of cap-dependent translational initiation
regulation of cap-dependent translational initiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cap-dependent translational initiation.
positive regulation of chemorepellent activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemorepellent activity.
positive regulation of chemorepellant activity
up regulation of chemorepellant activity
up-regulation of chemorepellant activity
up regulation of chemorepellent activity
up-regulation of chemorepellent activity
negative regulation of chemorepellent activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemorepellent activity.
downregulation of chemorepellant activity
down regulation of chemorepellant activity
down-regulation of chemorepellant activity
downregulation of chemorepellent activity
down regulation of chemorepellent activity
down-regulation of chemorepellent activity
negative regulation of chemorepellant activity
negative regulation of sprouting angiogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis.
downregulation of sprouting angiogenesis
down regulation of sprouting angiogenesis
down-regulation of sprouting angiogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis.
negative regulation of asexual reproduction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemorepellent activity.
positive regulation of asexual reproduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction.
positive regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.
activation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity
upregulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity
up regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity
up-regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity
negative regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.
downregulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity
down regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity
down-regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity
inhibition of complement-dependent cytotoxicity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-altrarate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-altrarate.
negative regulation of type IV pilus biogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type IV pilus biogenesis.
downregulation of type 4 pilus biogenesis
down regulation of type 4 pilus biogenesis
down-regulation of type 4 pilus biogenesis
downregulation of type IV fimbria assembly
down regulation of type IV fimbria assembly
down-regulation of type IV fimbria assembly
downregulation of type IV fimbria biogenesis
down regulation of type IV fimbria biogenesis
down-regulation of type IV fimbria biogenesis
downregulation of type IV fimbriae assembly
down regulation of type IV fimbriae assembly
down-regulation of type IV fimbriae assembly
downregulation of type IV fimbriae biogenesis
down regulation of type IV fimbriae biogenesis
down-regulation of type IV fimbriae biogenesis
downregulation of type IV fimbrial assembly
down regulation of type IV fimbrial assembly
down-regulation of type IV fimbrial assembly
downregulation of type IV fimbrial biogenesis
down regulation of type IV fimbrial biogenesis
down-regulation of type IV fimbrial biogenesis
downregulation of type IV fimbrium assembly
down regulation of type IV fimbrium assembly
down-regulation of type IV fimbrium assembly
downregulation of type IV fimbrium biogenesis
down regulation of type IV fimbrium biogenesis
down-regulation of type IV fimbrium biogenesis
downregulation of type IV pilus biogenesis
down regulation of type IV pilus biogenesis
down-regulation of type IV pilus biogenesis
downregulation of type IV pilus biosynthesis
down regulation of type IV pilus biosynthesis
down-regulation of type IV pilus biosynthesis
inhibition of type IV fimbria biogenesis
inhibition of type IV fimbriae biogenesis
inhibition of type IV fimbrial biogenesis
inhibition of type IV fimbrium biogenesis
inhibition of type IV pilus biosynthesis
negative regulation of type 4 pilus biogenesis
negative regulation of type IV fimbria assembly
negative regulation of type IV fimbria biogenesis
negative regulation of type IV fimbriae assembly
negative regulation of type IV fimbriae biogenesis
negative regulation of type IV fimbrial assembly
negative regulation of type IV fimbrial biogenesis
negative regulation of type IV fimbrium assembly
negative regulation of type IV fimbrium biogenesis
negative regulation of type IV pilus biosynthesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type IV pilus biogenesis.
regulation of type IV fimbria biogenesis
regulation of type IV fimbriae biogenesis
regulation of type IV fimbrial biogenesis
regulation of type IV fimbrium biogenesis
regulation of type IV pilus biosynthesis
regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.
positive regulation of type IV pilus biogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IV pilus biogenesis.
activation of type IV fimbria biogenesis
activation of type IV fimbriae biogenesis
activation of type IV fimbrial biogenesis
activation of type IV fimbrium biogenesis
activation of type IV pilus biosynthesis
positive regulation of type 4 pilus biogenesis
positive regulation of type IV fimbria assembly
positive regulation of type IV fimbria biogenesis
positive regulation of type IV fimbriae assembly
positive regulation of type IV fimbriae biogenesis
positive regulation of type IV fimbrial assembly
positive regulation of type IV fimbrial biogenesis
positive regulation of type IV fimbrium assembly
positive regulation of type IV fimbrium biogenesis
positive regulation of type IV pilus biosynthesis
up regulation of type 4 pilus biogenesis
up-regulation of type 4 pilus biogenesis
upregulation of type IV fimbria assembly
up regulation of type IV fimbria assembly
up-regulation of type IV fimbria assembly
upregulation of type IV fimbria biogenesis
up regulation of type IV fimbria biogenesis
up-regulation of type IV fimbria biogenesis
upregulation of type IV fimbriae assembly
up regulation of type IV fimbriae assembly
up-regulation of type IV fimbriae assembly
upregulation of type IV fimbriae biogenesis
up regulation of type IV fimbriae biogenesis
up-regulation of type IV fimbriae biogenesis
upregulation of type IV fimbrial assembly
up regulation of type IV fimbrial assembly
up-regulation of type IV fimbrial assembly
upregulation of type IV fimbrial biogenesis
up regulation of type IV fimbrial biogenesis
up-regulation of type IV fimbrial biogenesis
upregulation of type IV fimbrium assembly
up regulation of type IV fimbrium assembly
up-regulation of type IV fimbrium assembly
upregulation of type IV fimbrium biogenesis
up regulation of type IV fimbrium biogenesis
up-regulation of type IV fimbrium biogenesis
upregulation of type IV pilus biogenesis
up regulation of type IV pilus biogenesis
up-regulation of type IV pilus biogenesis
upregulation of type IV pilus biosynthesis
up regulation of type IV pilus biosynthesis
up-regulation of type IV pilus biosynthesis
modulation by symbiont of host cell motility
Modulation of host cell motility by a symbiont of that host.
modulation by symbiont of host cell locomotion
modulation by symbiont of host cell movement
regulation by symbiont of host cell motility
modulation by virus of host cytoplasmic transport
Modulation by an infecting virus of host cytoplasmic transport.
regulation by virus of host cytoplasmic streaming
regulation by virus of host cytoplasmic transport
viral modulation of host cytoplasmic trafficking
obsolete phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues involved in positive regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues that is involved in positive regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 5 residues involved in positive regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 5 residues that is involved in positive regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport.
positive regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chlorophyll catabolic process.
activation of chlorophyll catabolic process
positive regulation of chlorophyll breakdown
positive regulation of chlorophyll catabolism
positive regulation of chlorophyll degradation
upregulation of chlorophyll catabolic process
up regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process
up-regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process
up regulation of chlorophyll degradation
up-regulation of chlorophyll degradation
positive regulation of cytoplasmic transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport.
positive regulation of cytoplasmic streaming
negative regulation of cytoplasmic transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport.
down regulation of cytoplasmic streaming
down-regulation of cytoplasmic streaming
down regulation of cytoplasmic transport
down-regulation of cytoplasmic transport
negative regulation of cytoplasmic streaming
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an uterine gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
glandular part of endometrium development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis.
positive regulation of blood cell biosynthesis
positive regulation of blood cell formation
up regulation of blood cell biosynthesis
up-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis
The process in which spermidine is transported across a membrane.
The process in which spermine is transported across a membrane.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of siRNA processing.
activation of production of guide RNAs involved in RNA interference
activation of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference
activation of RNA interference, production of guide RNAs
activation of RNA interference, production of siRNA
positive regulation of production of guide RNAs involved in RNA interference
positive regulation of production of siRNA involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA
positive regulation of production of siRNA involved in PTGS
positive regulation of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference
positive regulation of RNA interference, production of guide RNAs
positive regulation of RNA interference, production of siRNA
upregulation of production of guide RNAs involved in RNA interference
up regulation of production of guide RNAs involved in RNA interference
up-regulation of production of guide RNAs involved in RNA interference
upregulation of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference
up regulation of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference
up-regulation of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference
upregulation of RNA interference, production of guide RNAs
up regulation of RNA interference, production of guide RNAs
up-regulation of RNA interference, production of guide RNAs
upregulation of RNA interference, production of siRNA
up regulation of RNA interference, production of siRNA
up-regulation of RNA interference, production of siRNA
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of siRNA processing.
downregulation of production of guide RNAs involved in RNA interference
down regulation of production of guide RNAs involved in RNA interference
down-regulation of production of guide RNAs involved in RNA interference
downregulation of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference
down regulation of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference
down-regulation of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference
downregulation of RNA interference, production of guide RNAs
down regulation of RNA interference, production of guide RNAs
down-regulation of RNA interference, production of guide RNAs
downregulation of RNA interference, production of siRNA
down regulation of RNA interference, production of siRNA
down-regulation of RNA interference, production of siRNA
inhibition of production of guide RNAs involved in RNA interference
inhibition of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference
inhibition of RNA interference, production of guide RNAs
inhibition of RNA interference, production of siRNA
negative regulation of production of guide RNAs involved in RNA interference
negative regulation of production of siRNA involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA
negative regulation of production of siRNA involved in PTGS
negative regulation of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference
negative regulation of RNA interference, production of guide RNAs
negative regulation of RNA interference, production of siRNA
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis.
downregulation of blood cell biosynthesis
down regulation of blood cell biosynthesis
down-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis
negative regulation of blood cell biosynthesis
negative regulation of blood cell formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis.
substantia propria of cornea development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a substantia propria of cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a caecum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an enterocyte.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an esophagus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
negative regulation of microvillus assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microvillus assembly.
downregulation of microvillus biogenesis
down regulation of microvillus biogenesis
down-regulation of microvillus biogenesis
negative regulation of microvillus biogenesis
protein localization to horsetail-astral microtubule array
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a horsetail-astral microtubule array.
protein localisation in horsetail-astral microtubule array
protein localisation to horsetail-astral microtubule array
protein localization in horsetail-astral microtubule array
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tarsal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
positive regulation of microvillus assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microvillus assembly.
positive regulation of microvillus biogenesis
obsolete regulation of mitotic G1 cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic G1 cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation.
methionine import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of methionine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
obsolete MAPK cascade involved in ascospore formation
OBSOLETE. Any MAPK cascade that is involved in ascospore formation.
obsolete positive regulation of mitotic G1 cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic G1 cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation.
regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells.
positive regulation of border follicle cell migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.
activation of border follicle cell migration
positive regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells.
activation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
upregulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
up regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
up-regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
negative regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells.
downregulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
down regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
down-regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
inhibition of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
regulation of border follicle cell migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.
negative regulation of border follicle cell migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.
inhibition of border follicle cell migration
regulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration.
acinar cell of sebaceous gland differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an acinar cell of sebaceous gland.
positive regulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration.
activation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration
upregulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration
up regulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration
up-regulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration
negative regulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration.
downregulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration
down regulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration
down-regulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration
inhibition of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration
negative regulation of phosphatidate phosphatase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidate phosphatase activity.
downregulation of 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
down regulation of 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
down-regulation of 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
downregulation of acid phosphatidyl phosphatase activity
down regulation of acid phosphatidyl phosphatase activity
down-regulation of acid phosphatidyl phosphatase activity
downregulation of phosphatic acid phosphatase activity
down regulation of phosphatic acid phosphatase activity
down-regulation of phosphatic acid phosphatase activity
downregulation of phosphatic acid phosphohydrolase activity
down regulation of phosphatic acid phosphohydrolase activity
down-regulation of phosphatic acid phosphohydrolase activity
downregulation of phosphatidate phosphatase activity
down regulation of phosphatidate phosphatase activity
down-regulation of phosphatidate phosphatase activity
downregulation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
down regulation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
down-regulation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
downregulation of phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity
down regulation of phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity
down-regulation of phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity
inhibition of 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
inhibition of acid phosphatidyl phosphatase activity
inhibition of phosphatic acid phosphatase activity
inhibition of phosphatic acid phosphohydrolase activity
inhibition of phosphatidate phosphatase activity
inhibition of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
inhibition of phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity
negative regulation of 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
negative regulation of acid phosphatidyl phosphatase activity
negative regulation of phosphatic acid phosphatase activity
negative regulation of phosphatic acid phosphohydrolase activity
negative regulation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
negative regulation of phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity
positive regulation of phosphatidate phosphatase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidate phosphatase activity.
activation of 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
activation of acid phosphatidyl phosphatase activity
activation of phosphatic acid phosphatase activity
activation of phosphatic acid phosphohydrolase activity
activation of phosphatidate phosphatase activity
activation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
activation of phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity
positive regulation of 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
positive regulation of acid phosphatidyl phosphatase activity
positive regulation of phosphatic acid phosphatase activity
positive regulation of phosphatic acid phosphohydrolase activity
positive regulation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
positive regulation of phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity
upregulation of 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
up regulation of 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
up-regulation of 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
upregulation of acid phosphatidyl phosphatase activity
up regulation of acid phosphatidyl phosphatase activity
up-regulation of acid phosphatidyl phosphatase activity
upregulation of phosphatic acid phosphatase activity
up regulation of phosphatic acid phosphatase activity
up-regulation of phosphatic acid phosphatase activity
upregulation of phosphatic acid phosphohydrolase activity
up regulation of phosphatic acid phosphohydrolase activity
up-regulation of phosphatic acid phosphohydrolase activity
upregulation of phosphatidate phosphatase activity
up regulation of phosphatidate phosphatase activity
up-regulation of phosphatidate phosphatase activity
upregulation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
up regulation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
up-regulation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
upregulation of phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity
up regulation of phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity
up-regulation of phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity
negative regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport.
downregulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport
down regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport
down-regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport
inhibition of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport
regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport.
regulation of plasma membrane organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane organization.
regulation of plasma membrane organisation
regulation of plasma membrane organization and biogenesis
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a luteal cell. Large luteal cells develop from granulosa cells. Small luteal cells develop from theca cells.
regulation of phosphatidate phosphatase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidate phosphatase activity.
regulation of 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
regulation of acid phosphatidyl phosphatase activity
regulation of phosphatic acid phosphatase activity
regulation of phosphatic acid phosphohydrolase activity
regulation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
regulation of phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity
regulation of phospholipid metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid metabolic process.
positive regulation of centriole elongation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centriole elongation.
positive regulation of phospholipid metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid metabolic process.
activation of phospholipid metabolic process
positive regulation of phospholipid metabolism
upregulation of phospholipid metabolic process
up regulation of phospholipid metabolic process
up-regulation of phospholipid metabolic process
up regulation of phospholipid metabolism
up-regulation of phospholipid metabolism
negative regulation of phospholipid metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid metabolic process.
downregulation of phospholipid metabolic process
down regulation of phospholipid metabolic process
down-regulation of phospholipid metabolic process
downregulation of phospholipid metabolism
down regulation of phospholipid metabolism
down-regulation of phospholipid metabolism
inhibition of phospholipid metabolic process
negative regulation of phospholipid metabolism
positive regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB phosphorylation.
activation of inhibitor of kappaB phosphorylation
activation of inhibitor of NF-kappaB phosphorylation
positive regulation of IkappaB phosphorylation
positive regulation of IKB phosphorylation
positive regulation of inhibitor of kappaB phosphorylation
positive regulation of inhibitor of NF-kappaB phosphorylation
upregulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation
up regulation of IkappaB phosphorylation
up regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation
up-regulation of IkappaB phosphorylation
up-regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation
upregulation of inhibitor of kappaB phosphorylation
up regulation of inhibitor of kappaB phosphorylation
up-regulation of inhibitor of kappaB phosphorylation
upregulation of inhibitor of NF-kappaB phosphorylation
up regulation of inhibitor of NF-kappaB phosphorylation
up-regulation of inhibitor of NF-kappaB phosphorylation
negative regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB phosphorylation.
downregulation of IkappaB phosphorylation
downregulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation
down regulation of IkappaB phosphorylation
down regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation
down-regulation of IkappaB phosphorylation
down-regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation
downregulation of inhibitor of kappaB phosphorylation
down regulation of inhibitor of kappaB phosphorylation
down-regulation of inhibitor of kappaB phosphorylation
downregulation of inhibitor of NF-kappaB phosphorylation
down regulation of inhibitor of NF-kappaB phosphorylation
down-regulation of inhibitor of NF-kappaB phosphorylation
inhibition of inhibitor of kappaB phosphorylation
inhibition of inhibitor of NF-kappaB phosphorylation
negative regulation of IkappaB phosphorylation
negative regulation of IKB phosphorylation
negative regulation of inhibitor of kappaB phosphorylation
negative regulation of inhibitor of NF-kappaB phosphorylation
negative regulation of centriole elongation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centriole elongation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centriole elongation.
The process in which guanine is transported across a membrane.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB phosphorylation.
regulation of inhibitor of kappaB phosphorylation
regulation of inhibitor of NF-kappaB phosphorylation
The directed movement of asparagine across a membrane.
The directed movement of cysteine across a membrane.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aerobic respiration.
The directed movement of isoleucine across a membrane.
negative regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral budding via host ESCRT complex.
downregulation of viral budding through the ESCRT machinery
down regulation of viral budding through the ESCRT machinery
down-regulation of viral budding through the ESCRT machinery
downregulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex
down regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex
down-regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex
inhibition of viral budding through the ESCRT machinery
inhibition of viral budding via host ESCRT complex
negative regulation of viral budding through the ESCRT machinery
regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral budding via host ESCRT complex.
regulation of host-assisted viral budding
regulation of viral budding through the ESCRT machinery
regulation of DNA double-strand break processing
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA double-strand break processing.
positive regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral budding via host ESCRT complex.
activation of viral budding through the ESCRT machinery
activation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex
positive regulation of viral budding through the ESCRT machinery
upregulation of viral budding through the ESCRT machinery
up regulation of viral budding through the ESCRT machinery
up-regulation of viral budding through the ESCRT machinery
upregulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex
up regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex
up-regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex
negative regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in bone marrow.
downregulation of bone marrow cell proliferation
down regulation of bone marrow cell proliferation
down-regulation of bone marrow cell proliferation
downregulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow
down regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow
down-regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow
inhibition of bone marrow cell proliferation
inhibition of cell proliferation in bone marrow
negative regulation of bone marrow cell proliferation
A protein complex which is capable of taste receptor activity.
positive regulation of beta-galactosidase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of beta-galactosidase activity.
activation of beta-D-galactanase activity
activation of beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase activity
activation of beta-D-lactosidase activity
activation of beta-galactosidase activity
activation of exo-(1->4)-beta-D-galactanase activity
positive regulation of beta-D-galactanase activity
positive regulation of beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase activity
positive regulation of beta-D-lactosidase activity
positive regulation of beta-lactosidase activity
positive regulation of exo-(1->4)-beta-D-galactanase activity
positive regulation of lactose hydrolysis
positive regulation of trilactase activity
upregulation of beta-D-galactanase activity
up regulation of beta-D-galactanase activity
up-regulation of beta-D-galactanase activity
upregulation of beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase activity
up regulation of beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase activity
up-regulation of beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase activity
upregulation of beta-D-lactosidase activity
up regulation of beta-D-lactosidase activity
up-regulation of beta-D-lactosidase activity
upregulation of beta-galactosidase activity
up regulation of beta-galactosidase activity
up-regulation of beta-galactosidase activity
upregulation of beta-lactosidase activity
up regulation of beta-lactosidase activity
up-regulation of beta-lactosidase activity
upregulation of exo-(1->4)-beta-D-galactanase activity
up regulation of exo-(1->4)-beta-D-galactanase activity
up-regulation of exo-(1->4)-beta-D-galactanase activity
negative regulation of beta-galactosidase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of beta-galactosidase activity.
downregulation of beta-D-galactanase activity
down regulation of beta-D-galactanase activity
down-regulation of beta-D-galactanase activity
downregulation of beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase activity
down regulation of beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase activity
down-regulation of beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase activity
downregulation of beta-D-lactosidase activity
down regulation of beta-D-lactosidase activity
down-regulation of beta-D-lactosidase activity
downregulation of beta-galactosidase activity
down regulation of beta-galactosidase activity
down-regulation of beta-galactosidase activity
downregulation of beta-lactosidase activity
down regulation of beta-lactosidase activity
down-regulation of beta-lactosidase activity
downregulation of exo-(1->4)-beta-D-galactanase activity
down regulation of exo-(1->4)-beta-D-galactanase activity
down-regulation of exo-(1->4)-beta-D-galactanase activity
inhibition of beta-D-galactanase activity
inhibition of beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase activity
inhibition of beta-D-lactosidase activity
inhibition of beta-galactosidase activity
inhibition of exo-(1->4)-beta-D-galactanase activity
negative regulation of beta-D-galactanase activity
negative regulation of beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase activity
negative regulation of beta-D-lactosidase activity
negative regulation of beta-lactosidase activity
negative regulation of exo-(1->4)-beta-D-galactanase activity
negative regulation of lactose hydrolysis
negative regulation of trilactase activity
negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across the plasma membrane.
downregulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane
down regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane
down-regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane
inhibition of potassium ion export across plasma membrane
negative regulation of potassium ion export
regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across the plasma membrane.
regulation of potassium export across plasma membrane
A protein complex which is capable of sweet taste receptor activity.
positive regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across the plasma membrane.
activation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane
positive regulation of potassium ion export
upregulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane
up regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane
up-regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane
negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.
downregulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
down regulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
down-regulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
downregulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
down regulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
down-regulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
downregulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
down regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
down-regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
downregulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
down regulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
down-regulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
downregulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
down regulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
down-regulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
inhibition of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
inhibition of voltage gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
inhibition of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
inhibition of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
inhibition of voltage-sensitive potassium channel involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
negative regulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
negative regulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
negative regulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.
regulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
regulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
regulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
regulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
gap junction channel activity involved in cell communication by electrical coupling
Any gap junction channel activity that is involved in cell communication by electrical coupling.
connexin involved in cell communication by electrical coupling
innexin channel activity involved in cell communication by electrical coupling
innexin involved in cell communication by electrical coupling
positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.
activation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
activation of voltage gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
activation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
activation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
activation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
positive regulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
positive regulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
positive regulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
upregulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
up regulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
up-regulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
upregulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
up regulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
up-regulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
upregulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
up regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
up-regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
upregulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
up regulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
up-regulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
upregulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
up regulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
up-regulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
obsolete signal transduction involved in regulation of aerobic respiration
OBSOLETE. Any signal transduction that is involved in regulation of aerobic respiration.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.
activation of H2O2-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
activation of hydrogen peroxide-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
positive regulation of H2O2-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
upregulation of H2O2-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
up regulation of H2O2-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
up-regulation of H2O2-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
upregulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
up regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
up-regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
upregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
up regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
up-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
upregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
up regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
up-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
positive regulation of SUMO transferase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of SUMO transferase activity.
activation of SUMO conjugating enzyme activity
positive regulation of SMT3 conjugating enzyme
positive regulation of SUMO conjugating enzyme activity
up regulation of SMT3 conjugating enzyme
up-regulation of SMT3 conjugating enzyme
upregulation of SUMO conjugating enzyme activity
up regulation of SUMO conjugating enzyme activity
up-regulation of SUMO conjugating enzyme activity
upregulation of SUMO transferase activity
up regulation of SUMO transferase activity
up-regulation of SUMO transferase activity
positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion.
activation of establishment of protein localisation to mitochondrion
activation of establishment of protein localization in mitochondrion
activation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion
positive regulation of establishment of protein localisation to mitochondrion
positive regulation of establishment of protein localization in mitochondrion
upregulation of establishment of protein localisation to mitochondrion
up regulation of establishment of protein localisation to mitochondrion
up-regulation of establishment of protein localisation to mitochondrion
upregulation of establishment of protein localization in mitochondrion
up regulation of establishment of protein localization in mitochondrion
up-regulation of establishment of protein localization in mitochondrion
upregulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion
up regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion
up-regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion
negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion.
downregulation of establishment of protein localisation to mitochondrion
down regulation of establishment of protein localisation to mitochondrion
down-regulation of establishment of protein localisation to mitochondrion
downregulation of establishment of protein localization in mitochondrion
down regulation of establishment of protein localization in mitochondrion
down-regulation of establishment of protein localization in mitochondrion
downregulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion
down regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion
down-regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion
inhibition of establishment of protein localisation to mitochondrion
inhibition of establishment of protein localization in mitochondrion
inhibition of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion
negative regulation of establishment of protein localisation to mitochondrion
negative regulation of establishment of protein localization in mitochondrion
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.
downregulation of H2O2-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
down regulation of H2O2-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
down-regulation of H2O2-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
downregulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
down regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
down-regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
downregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
down regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
down-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
downregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
down regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
down-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
inhibition of H2O2-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
inhibition of hydrogen peroxide-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
inhibition of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
inhibition of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
negative regulation of H2O2-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.
regulation of H2O2-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis
regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to H2O2
negative regulation of pharyngeal pumping
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pharyngeal pumping.
positive regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport.
activation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport
upregulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport
up regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport
up-regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport
regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion.
regulation of establishment of protein localisation to mitochondrion
regulation of establishment of protein localization in mitochondrion
positive regulation of pharyngeal pumping
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pharyngeal pumping.
The directed movement of L-valine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The directed movement of glycine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
L-threonine import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of L-threonine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
L-isoleucine import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of L-isoleucine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The directed movement of L-leucine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA processing.
activation of gene silencing by miRNA, production of miRNAs
activation of microRNA biosynthetic process
activation of microRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of microRNAs
activation of microRNA metabolic process
activation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of miRNAs
activation of production of microRNAs involved in gene silencing by microRNA
activation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA
positive regulation of gene silencing by miRNA, production of miRNAs
positive regulation of microRNA biogenesis
positive regulation of microRNA biosynthesis
positive regulation of microRNA biosynthetic process
positive regulation of microRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of microRNAs
positive regulation of microRNA metabolism
positive regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of miRNAs
positive regulation of production of microRNAs involved in gene silencing by microRNA
positive regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA
L-glutamine import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of L-glutamine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
positive regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.
activation of inorganic anion membrane transport
activation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport
activation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport
positive regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport
positive regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport
upregulation of inorganic anion membrane transport
up regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport
up-regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport
upregulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport
up regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport
up-regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport
upregulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport
up regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport
up-regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport
negative regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.
downregulation of inorganic anion membrane transport
down regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport
down-regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport
downregulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport
down regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport
down-regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport
downregulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport
down regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport
down-regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport
inhibition of inorganic anion membrane transport
inhibition of inorganic anion transmembrane transport
inhibition of transmembrane inorganic anion transport
negative regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport
negative regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA processing.
downregulation of gene silencing by miRNA, production of miRNAs
down regulation of gene silencing by miRNA, production of miRNAs
down-regulation of gene silencing by miRNA, production of miRNAs
down regulation of microRNA biosynthesis
down-regulation of microRNA biosynthesis
downregulation of microRNA biosynthetic process
down regulation of microRNA biosynthetic process
down-regulation of microRNA biosynthetic process
downregulation of microRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of microRNAs
down regulation of microRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of microRNAs
down-regulation of microRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of microRNAs
downregulation of microRNA metabolic process
down regulation of microRNA metabolic process
down-regulation of microRNA metabolic process
downregulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of miRNAs
down regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of miRNAs
down-regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of miRNAs
downregulation of production of microRNAs involved in gene silencing by microRNA
down regulation of production of microRNAs involved in gene silencing by microRNA
down-regulation of production of microRNAs involved in gene silencing by microRNA
downregulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA
down regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA
down-regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA
inhibition of gene silencing by miRNA, production of miRNAs
inhibition of microRNA biosynthetic process
inhibition of microRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of microRNAs
inhibition of microRNA metabolic process
inhibition of miRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of miRNAs
inhibition of production of microRNAs involved in gene silencing by microRNA
inhibition of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA
negative regulation of gene silencing by miRNA, production of miRNAs
negative regulation of microRNA biogenesis
negative regulation of microRNA biosynthesis
negative regulation of microRNA biosynthetic process
negative regulation of microRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of microRNAs
negative regulation of microRNA metabolism
negative regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of miRNAs
negative regulation of production of microRNAs involved in gene silencing by microRNA
negative regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA processing.
regulation of gene silencing by miRNA, production of miRNAs
regulation of microRNA biosynthetic process
regulation of microRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of microRNAs
positive regulation of monoatomic anion transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport.
negative regulation of monoatomic anion transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport.
regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.
regulation of inorganic anion membrane transport
regulation of transmembrane inorganic anion transport
regulation of amino acid transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid transmembrane transport.
regulation of amino acid membrane transport
positive regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione biosynthetic process.
activation of glutathione biosynthetic process
positive regulation of glutathione anabolism
positive regulation of glutathione biosynthesis
positive regulation of glutathione formation
positive regulation of glutathione synthesis
upregulation of glutathione biosynthesis
up regulation of glutathione biosynthesis
up-regulation of glutathione biosynthesis
upregulation of glutathione biosynthetic process
up regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process
up-regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process
The process in which uracil is transported across a membrane.
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transport
The process in which a guanyl nucleotide is transported across a membrane.
guanyl nucleotide transmembrane transport
The directed movement of L-valine across a membrane.
positive regulation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion import across the plasma membrane.
activation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane
upregulation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane
up regulation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane
up-regulation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane
negative regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione biosynthetic process.
down regulation of glutathione anabolism
down-regulation of glutathione anabolism
downregulation of glutathione biosynthesis
down regulation of glutathione biosynthesis
down-regulation of glutathione biosynthesis
downregulation of glutathione biosynthetic process
down regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process
down-regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process
down regulation of glutathione formation
down-regulation of glutathione formation
down regulation of glutathione synthesis
down-regulation of glutathione synthesis
inhibition of glutathione biosynthetic process
negative regulation of glutathione anabolism
negative regulation of glutathione biosynthesis
negative regulation of glutathione formation
negative regulation of glutathione synthesis
regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of cardiac conduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.
negative regulation of cardiac conduction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.
negative regulation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion import across the plasma membrane.
downregulation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane
down regulation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane
down-regulation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane
inhibition of sodium ion import across plasma membrane
regulation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion import across the plasma membrane.
regulation of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing, removal of nonhomologous ends
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing, removal of nonhomologous ends.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.
protein localization to vacuolar membrane
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a vacuolar membrane.
protein localisation in vacuolar membrane
protein localisation to vacuolar membrane
protein localization in vacuolar membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-UTR binding.
positive regulation of mRNA 3'-UTR binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-UTR binding.
positive regulation of mRNA 3' UTR binding
negative regulation of mRNA 3'-UTR binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-UTR binding.
negative regulation of mRNA 3' UTR binding
positive regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to amino acid starvation.
activation of cellular response to amino acid starvation
upregulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation
up regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation
up-regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation
regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to amino acid starvation.
positive regulation of protein localization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization.
positive regulation of cellular protein localisation
positive regulation of cellular protein localization
upregulation of cellular protein localisation
up regulation of cellular protein localisation
up-regulation of cellular protein localisation
upregulation of cellular protein localization
up regulation of cellular protein localization
up-regulation of cellular protein localization
negative regulation of protein localization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization.
downregulation of cellular protein localisation
down regulation of cellular protein localisation
down-regulation of cellular protein localisation
downregulation of cellular protein localization
down regulation of cellular protein localization
down-regulation of cellular protein localization
inhibition of cellular protein localisation
inhibition of cellular protein localization
negative regulation of cellular protein localisation
negative regulation of cellular protein localization
signal transduction involved in cellular response to ammonium ion
Any signal transduction that is involved in cellular response to ammonium ion.
signaling cascade involved in cellular response to ammonium ion
signaling pathway involved in cellular response to ammonium ion
signalling cascade involved in cellular response to ammonium ion
signalling pathway involved in cellular response to ammonium ion
The directed movement of magnesium ion across a membrane.
The process in which an organic acid is transported across a membrane.
negative regulation of telomere single strand break repair
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere single strand break repair.
downregulation of single strand break repair in telomere
down regulation of single strand break repair in telomere
down-regulation of single strand break repair in telomere
downregulation of telomere single strand break repair
downregulation of telomere single-strand break repair
down regulation of telomere single strand break repair
down regulation of telomere single-strand break repair
down-regulation of telomere single strand break repair
down-regulation of telomere single-strand break repair
downregulation of telomeric single strand break repair
down regulation of telomeric single strand break repair
down-regulation of telomeric single strand break repair
inhibition of single strand break repair in telomere
inhibition of telomere single strand break repair
inhibition of telomere single-strand break repair
inhibition of telomeric single strand break repair
negative regulation of single strand break repair in telomere
negative regulation of telomere single-strand break repair
negative regulation of telomeric single strand break repair
The directed movement of L-arginine across a membrane.
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in morphogenesis checkpoint
OBSOLETE. Any detection of stimulus that is involved in morphogenesis checkpoint.
Single strand break repair that takes place in a telomere.
negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity.
downregulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity
down regulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity
down-regulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity
downregulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity
downregulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity
down regulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity
down regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity
down-regulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity
down-regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity
downregulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity
down regulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity
down-regulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity
downregulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel
down regulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel
down-regulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel
inhibition of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity
inhibition of voltage gated potassium channel activity
inhibition of voltage-gated potassium channel activity
inhibition of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity
inhibition of voltage-sensitive potassium channel
negative regulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity
negative regulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity
negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity
negative regulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel
positive regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.
activation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction
activation of lymphatic vessel myogenic constriction
positive regulation of lymphatic vessel myogenic constriction
upregulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction
up regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction
up-regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction
upregulation of lymphatic vessel myogenic constriction
up regulation of lymphatic vessel myogenic constriction
up-regulation of lymphatic vessel myogenic constriction
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint
OBSOLETE. Any detection of stimulus that is involved in a mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint.
positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity.
activation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity
activation of voltage gated potassium channel activity
activation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity
activation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity
activation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel
positive regulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity
positive regulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity
positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity
positive regulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel
upregulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity
up regulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity
up-regulation of voltage-dependent potassium channel activity
upregulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity
upregulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity
up regulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity
up regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity
up-regulation of voltage gated potassium channel activity
up-regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity
upregulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity
up regulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity
up-regulation of voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity
upregulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel
up regulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel
up-regulation of voltage-sensitive potassium channel
The directed movement of L-serine into a cell.
negative regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.
downregulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction
down regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction
down-regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction
downregulation of lymphatic vessel myogenic constriction
down regulation of lymphatic vessel myogenic constriction
down-regulation of lymphatic vessel myogenic constriction
inhibition of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction
inhibition of lymphatic vessel myogenic constriction
negative regulation of lymphatic vessel myogenic constriction
regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.
regulation of lymphatic vessel myogenic constriction
L-tyrosine import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of L-tyrosine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
L-asparagine import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of L-asparagine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
L-histidine import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of L-histidine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
negative regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.
downregulation of 5,10-CH(2)-H(4)folate reductase activity
down regulation of 5,10-CH(2)-H(4)folate reductase activity
down-regulation of 5,10-CH(2)-H(4)folate reductase activity
downregulation of 5,10-CH2-H4folate reductase activity
down regulation of 5,10-CH2-H4folate reductase activity
down-regulation of 5,10-CH2-H4folate reductase activity
downregulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH(2)) activity
down regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH(2)) activity
down-regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH(2)) activity
downregulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH) activity
down regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH) activity
down-regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH) activity
downregulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2) activity
down regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2) activity
down-regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2) activity
downregulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity
down regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity
down-regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity
downregulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate reductase activity
down regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate reductase activity
down-regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate reductase activity
downregulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
down regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
down-regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
downregulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced riboflavin adenine dinucleotide) reductase activity
down regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced riboflavin adenine dinucleotide) reductase activity
down-regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced riboflavin adenine dinucleotide) reductase activity
downregulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
down regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
down-regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
downregulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH(2)) activity
down regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH(2)) activity
down-regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH(2)) activity
downregulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH2)
down regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH2)
down-regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH2)
downregulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
down regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
down-regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
downregulation of N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
down regulation of N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
down-regulation of N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
downregulation of N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
down regulation of N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
down-regulation of N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
inhibition of 5,10-CH(2)-H(4)folate reductase activity
inhibition of 5,10-CH2-H4folate reductase activity
inhibition of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH(2)) activity
inhibition of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH) activity
inhibition of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2) activity
inhibition of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity
inhibition of 5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate reductase activity
inhibition of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
inhibition of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced riboflavin adenine dinucleotide) reductase activity
inhibition of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
inhibition of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH(2)) activity
inhibition of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH2)
inhibition of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
inhibition of N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
inhibition of N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
negative regulation of 5,10-CH(2)-H(4)folate reductase activity
negative regulation of 5,10-CH2-H4folate reductase activity
negative regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH(2)) activity
negative regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH) activity
negative regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2) activity
negative regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity
negative regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate reductase activity
negative regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
negative regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced riboflavin adenine dinucleotide) reductase activity
negative regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH(2)) activity
negative regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH2)
negative regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
negative regulation of N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
negative regulation of N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.
regulation of 5,10-CH(2)-H(4)folate reductase activity
regulation of 5,10-CH2-H4folate reductase activity
regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH(2)) activity
regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH) activity
regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2) activity
regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity
regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid reductase activity
regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate reductase activity
regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase activity
regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD oxidoreductase activity
regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase activity
regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced riboflavin adenine dinucleotide) reductase activity
regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH(2)) activity
regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH2)
regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolic acid reductase activity
regulation of N(5,10)-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
regulation of N(5),N(10)-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
regulation of N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
regulation of N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a DNA recombinase mediator complex.
DNA recombinase mediator complex formation
positive regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.
activation of 5,10-CH(2)-H(4)folate reductase activity
activation of 5,10-CH2-H4folate reductase activity
activation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH(2)) activity
activation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH) activity
activation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2) activity
activation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity
activation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate reductase activity
activation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
activation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase activity
activation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
activation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
activation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD oxidoreductase activity
activation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase activity
activation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
activation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
activation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced riboflavin adenine dinucleotide) reductase activity
activation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
activation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH(2)) activity
activation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH2)
activation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
activation of N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
activation of N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
positive regulation of 5,10-CH(2)-H(4)folate reductase activity
positive regulation of 5,10-CH2-H4folate reductase activity
positive regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH(2)) activity
positive regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH) activity
positive regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2) activity
positive regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity
positive regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate reductase activity
positive regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
positive regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced riboflavin adenine dinucleotide) reductase activity
positive regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH(2)) activity
positive regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH2)
positive regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
positive regulation of N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
positive regulation of N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
upregulation of 5,10-CH(2)-H(4)folate reductase activity
up regulation of 5,10-CH(2)-H(4)folate reductase activity
up-regulation of 5,10-CH(2)-H(4)folate reductase activity
upregulation of 5,10-CH2-H4folate reductase activity
up regulation of 5,10-CH2-H4folate reductase activity
up-regulation of 5,10-CH2-H4folate reductase activity
upregulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH(2)) activity
up regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH(2)) activity
up-regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH(2)) activity
upregulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH) activity
up regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH) activity
up-regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH) activity
upregulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2) activity
up regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2) activity
up-regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2) activity
upregulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity
up regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity
up-regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity
upregulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate reductase activity
up regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate reductase activity
up-regulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate reductase activity
upregulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
upregulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase activity
upregulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity
upregulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
upregulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD oxidoreductase activity
upregulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase activity
upregulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity
upregulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
up regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
up-regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase activity
upregulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced riboflavin adenine dinucleotide) reductase activity
up regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced riboflavin adenine dinucleotide) reductase activity
up-regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced riboflavin adenine dinucleotide) reductase activity
upregulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
up regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
up-regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
upregulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH(2)) activity
up regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH(2)) activity
up-regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH(2)) activity
upregulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH2)
up regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH2)
up-regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH2)
upregulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
up regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
up-regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
upregulation of N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
up regulation of N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
up-regulation of N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
upregulation of N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
up regulation of N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
up-regulation of N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity
A protein complex which is capable of sigma factor antagonist activity.
The disaggregation of a P granule into its constituent components.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an extraembryonic membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a palisade mesophyll over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
positive regulation of dendrite extension
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite extension.
negative regulation of dendrite extension
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite extension.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a P granule.
positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation.
activation of respiratory-chain phosphorylation
positive regulation of respiratory-chain phosphorylation
upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation
up regulation of oxidative phosphorylation
up-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation
upregulation of respiratory-chain phosphorylation
up regulation of respiratory-chain phosphorylation
up-regulation of respiratory-chain phosphorylation
negative regulation of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity.
downregulation of 6-N-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of 6-N-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of 6-N-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity
down regulation of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity
down-regulation of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity
downregulation of cytokinin oxidase activity
down regulation of cytokinin oxidase activity
down-regulation of cytokinin oxidase activity
downregulation of N6-dimethylallyladenine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of N6-dimethylallyladenine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of N6-dimethylallyladenine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of N6-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of N6-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of N6-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of 6-N-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity
inhibition of cytokinin oxidase activity
inhibition of N6-dimethylallyladenine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of N6-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of 6-N-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of cytokinin oxidase activity
negative regulation of N6-dimethylallyladenine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of N6-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
regulation of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity.
regulation of 6-N-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
regulation of cytokinin oxidase activity
regulation of N6-dimethylallyladenine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
regulation of N6-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite extension.
protein localization to old growing cell tip
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an old growing cell tip.
protein localisation in old growing cell tip
protein localisation to old growing cell tip
protein localization in old growing cell tip
regulation of stress response to copper ion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stress response to copper ion.
regulation of response to copper ion stress
regulation of response to copper toxicity
positive regulation of cristae formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cristae formation.
positive regulation of stress response to copper ion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stress response to copper ion.
activation of response to copper ion stress
activation of response to copper toxicity
activation of stress response to copper ion
positive regulation of response to copper ion stress
positive regulation of response to copper toxicity
upregulation of response to copper ion stress
up regulation of response to copper ion stress
up-regulation of response to copper ion stress
upregulation of response to copper toxicity
up regulation of response to copper toxicity
up-regulation of response to copper toxicity
upregulation of stress response to copper ion
up regulation of stress response to copper ion
up-regulation of stress response to copper ion
negative regulation of stress response to copper ion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stress response to copper ion.
downregulation of response to copper ion stress
down regulation of response to copper ion stress
down-regulation of response to copper ion stress
downregulation of response to copper toxicity
down regulation of response to copper toxicity
down-regulation of response to copper toxicity
downregulation of stress response to copper ion
down regulation of stress response to copper ion
down-regulation of stress response to copper ion
inhibition of response to copper ion stress
inhibition of response to copper toxicity
inhibition of stress response to copper ion
negative regulation of response to copper ion stress
negative regulation of response to copper toxicity
positive regulation of aorta morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.
negative regulation of aorta morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.
negative regulation of cristae formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cristae formation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cristae formation.
negative regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
downregulation of cellular response to TGFbeta stimulus
downregulation of cellular response to TGF-beta stimulus
down regulation of cellular response to TGFbeta stimulus
down regulation of cellular response to TGF-beta stimulus
down-regulation of cellular response to TGFbeta stimulus
down-regulation of cellular response to TGF-beta stimulus
downregulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
down regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
down-regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
inhibition of cellular response to TGFbeta stimulus
inhibition of cellular response to TGF-beta stimulus
inhibition of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
negative regulation of cellular response to TGFbeta stimulus
negative regulation of cellular response to TGF-beta stimulus
regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
regulation of cellular response to TGFbeta stimulus
regulation of cellular response to TGF-beta stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.
positive regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
activation of cellular response to TGFbeta stimulus
activation of cellular response to TGF-beta stimulus
activation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
positive regulation of cellular response to TGFbeta stimulus
positive regulation of cellular response to TGF-beta stimulus
upregulation of cellular response to TGFbeta stimulus
upregulation of cellular response to TGF-beta stimulus
up regulation of cellular response to TGFbeta stimulus
up regulation of cellular response to TGF-beta stimulus
up-regulation of cellular response to TGFbeta stimulus
up-regulation of cellular response to TGF-beta stimulus
upregulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
up regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
up-regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite(3-) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite(3-) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite ion stimulus.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral life cycle.
downregulation of lytic viral life cycle
down regulation of lytic viral life cycle
down-regulation of lytic viral life cycle
downregulation of viral assembly, maturation, egress, and release
down regulation of viral assembly, maturation, egress, and release
down-regulation of viral assembly, maturation, egress, and release
downregulation of viral infectious cycle
down regulation of viral infectious cycle
down-regulation of viral infectious cycle
inhibition of viral assembly, maturation, egress, and release
negative regulation of lytic viral life cycle
negative regulation of viral assembly, maturation, egress, and release
negative regulation of viral infectious cycle
negative regulation of viral replication
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral life cycle.
regulation of viral assembly, maturation, egress, and release
regulation of establishment of T cell polarity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of T cell polarity.
regulation of establishment of T-cell polarity
regulation of establishment of T lymphocyte polarity
regulation of establishment of T-lymphocyte polarity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral life cycle.
activation of viral assembly, maturation, egress, and release
positive regulation of lytic viral life cycle
positive regulation of viral assembly, maturation, egress, and release
positive regulation of viral infectious cycle
positive regulation of viral replication
upregulation of viral assembly, maturation, egress, and release
up regulation of viral assembly, maturation, egress, and release
up-regulation of viral assembly, maturation, egress, and release
regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response.
regulation of EIF2AK3-mediated unfolded protein response
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; PERK signaling
regulation of PERK signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
regulation of PERK signal transduction pathway
regulation of PKR-like ER kinase signal transduction
regulation of UPR signaling by PERK stress sensor
positive regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.
activation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; IRE1 signaling
activation of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease signal transduction
activation of IRE1alpha unfolded protein response
activation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response
activation of IRE1p unfolded protein response
activation of IRE1 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
activation of UPR signaling by IRE1 stress sensor
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; IRE1 signaling
positive regulation of ERN1-mediated unfolded protein response
positive regulation of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease signal transduction
positive regulation of IRE1alpha unfolded protein response
positive regulation of IRE1 branch of UPR
positive regulation of IRE1p unfolded protein response
positive regulation of IRE1 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
positive regulation of UPR signaling by IRE1 stress sensor
upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; IRE1 signaling
up regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; IRE1 signaling
up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; IRE1 signaling
upregulation of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease signal transduction
up regulation of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease signal transduction
up-regulation of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease signal transduction
upregulation of IRE1alpha unfolded protein response
up regulation of IRE1alpha unfolded protein response
up-regulation of IRE1alpha unfolded protein response
upregulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response
up regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response
up-regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response
upregulation of IRE1p unfolded protein response
up regulation of IRE1p unfolded protein response
up-regulation of IRE1p unfolded protein response
upregulation of IRE1 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up regulation of IRE1 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up-regulation of IRE1 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
upregulation of UPR signaling by IRE1 stress sensor
up regulation of UPR signaling by IRE1 stress sensor
up-regulation of UPR signaling by IRE1 stress sensor
positive regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response.
activation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; PERK signaling
activation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response
activation of PERK signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
activation of PKR-like ER kinase signal transduction
activation of UPR signaling by PERK stress sensor
positive regulation of EIF2AK3-mediated unfolded protein response
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; PERK signaling
positive regulation of PERK branch of UPR
positive regulation of PERK signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
positive regulation of PKR-like ER kinase signal transduction
positive regulation of UPR signaling by PERK stress sensor
upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; PERK signaling
up regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; PERK signaling
up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; PERK signaling
upregulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response
up regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response
up-regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response
upregulation of PERK signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up regulation of PERK signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up-regulation of PERK signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
upregulation of PKR-like ER kinase signal transduction
up regulation of PKR-like ER kinase signal transduction
up-regulation of PKR-like ER kinase signal transduction
upregulation of UPR signaling by PERK stress sensor
up regulation of UPR signaling by PERK stress sensor
up-regulation of UPR signaling by PERK stress sensor
negative regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response.
downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; PERK signaling
down regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; PERK signaling
down-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; PERK signaling
downregulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response
down regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response
down-regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response
downregulation of PERK signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down regulation of PERK signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down-regulation of PERK signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
downregulation of PKR-like ER kinase signal transduction
down regulation of PKR-like ER kinase signal transduction
down-regulation of PKR-like ER kinase signal transduction
downregulation of UPR signaling by PERK stress sensor
down regulation of UPR signaling by PERK stress sensor
down-regulation of UPR signaling by PERK stress sensor
inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; PERK signaling
inhibition of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response
inhibition of PERK signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
inhibition of PKR-like ER kinase signal transduction
inhibition of UPR signaling by PERK stress sensor
negative regulation of EIF2AK3-mediated unfolded protein response
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; PERK signaling
negative regulation of PERK branch of UPR
negative regulation of PERK signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of PKR-like ER kinase signal transduction
negative regulation of UPR signaling by PERK stress sensor
positive regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.
activation of activating transcription factor 6 signaling in unfolded protein response
activation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response
activation of ATF6 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
activation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; ATF6 signaling
activation of UPR signaling by ATF6 stress sensor
positive regulation of activating transcription factor 6 signaling in unfolded protein response
positive regulation of ATF6-alpha UPR branch
positive regulation of ATF6-beta UPR branch
positive regulation of ATF6 branch of UPR
positive regulation of ATF6 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; ATF6 signaling
positive regulation of UPR signaling by ATF6 stress sensor
upregulation of activating transcription factor 6 signaling in unfolded protein response
up regulation of activating transcription factor 6 signaling in unfolded protein response
up-regulation of activating transcription factor 6 signaling in unfolded protein response
upregulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response
up regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response
up-regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response
upregulation of ATF6 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up regulation of ATF6 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up-regulation of ATF6 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; ATF6 signaling
up regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; ATF6 signaling
up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; ATF6 signaling
upregulation of UPR signaling by ATF6 stress sensor
up regulation of UPR signaling by ATF6 stress sensor
up-regulation of UPR signaling by ATF6 stress sensor
negative regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.
downregulation of activating transcription factor 6 signaling in unfolded protein response
down regulation of activating transcription factor 6 signaling in unfolded protein response
down-regulation of activating transcription factor 6 signaling in unfolded protein response
down regulation of ATF6-alpha UPR branch
down-regulation of ATF6-alpha UPR branch
downregulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response
down regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response
down-regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response
downregulation of ATF6 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down regulation of ATF6 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down-regulation of ATF6 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; ATF6 signaling
down regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; ATF6 signaling
down-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; ATF6 signaling
downregulation of UPR signaling by ATF6 stress sensor
down regulation of UPR signaling by ATF6 stress sensor
down-regulation of UPR signaling by ATF6 stress sensor
inhibition of activating transcription factor 6 signaling in unfolded protein response
inhibition of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response
inhibition of ATF6 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; ATF6 signaling
inhibition of UPR signaling by ATF6 stress sensor
negative regulation of activating transcription factor 6 signaling in unfolded protein response
negative regulation of ATF6-alpha UPR branch
negative regulation of ATF6-beta UPR branch
negative regulation of ATF6 branch of UPR
negative regulation of ATF6 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; ATF6 signaling
negative regulation of UPR signaling by ATF6 stress sensor
negative regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.
downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; IRE1 signaling
down regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; IRE1 signaling
down-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; IRE1 signaling
downregulation of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease signal transduction
down regulation of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease signal transduction
down-regulation of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease signal transduction
downregulation of IRE1alpha unfolded protein response
down regulation of IRE1alpha unfolded protein response
down-regulation of IRE1alpha unfolded protein response
downregulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response
down regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response
down-regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response
downregulation of IRE1p unfolded protein response
down regulation of IRE1p unfolded protein response
down-regulation of IRE1p unfolded protein response
downregulation of IRE1 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down regulation of IRE1 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down-regulation of IRE1 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
downregulation of UPR signaling by IRE1 stress sensor
down regulation of UPR signaling by IRE1 stress sensor
down-regulation of UPR signaling by IRE1 stress sensor
inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; IRE1 signaling
inhibition of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease signal transduction
inhibition of IRE1alpha unfolded protein response
inhibition of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response
inhibition of IRE1p unfolded protein response
inhibition of IRE1 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
inhibition of UPR signaling by IRE1 stress sensor
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; IRE1 signaling
negative regulation of ERN1-mediated unfolded protein response
negative regulation of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease signal transduction
negative regulation of IRE1alpha unfolded protein response
negative regulation of IRE1 branch of UPR
negative regulation of IRE1p unfolded protein response
negative regulation of IRE1 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of UPR signaling by IRE1 stress sensor
regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; IRE1 signaling
regulation of ERN1-mediated unfolded protein response
regulation of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease signal transduction
regulation of IRE1alpha unfolded protein response
regulation of IRE1p unfolded protein response
regulation of IRE1 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
regulation of IRE1 signal transduction pathway
regulation of UPR signaling by IRE1 stress sensor
negative regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant epidermal cell differentiation.
downregulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation
down regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation
down-regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation
inhibition of plant epidermal cell differentiation
regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant epidermal cell differentiation.
regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.
regulation of activating transcription factor 6 signaling in unfolded protein response
regulation of ATF6 signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
regulation of ATF6 signal transduction pathway
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; ATF6 signaling
regulation of UPR signaling by ATF6 stress sensor
positive regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant epidermal cell differentiation.
activation of plant epidermal cell differentiation
upregulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation
up regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation
up-regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation
negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production.
downregulation of C-C motif chemokine 20 production
down regulation of C-C motif chemokine 20 production
down-regulation of C-C motif chemokine 20 production
downregulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production
down regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production
down-regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production
inhibition of C-C motif chemokine 20 production
inhibition of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production
negative regulation of CCL-20 production
negative regulation of C-C motif chemokine 20 production
regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production.
regulation of C-C motif chemokine 20 production
positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production.
activation of C-C motif chemokine 20 production
activation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production
positive regulation of CCL-20 production
positive regulation of C-C motif chemokine 20 production
upregulation of C-C motif chemokine 20 production
up regulation of C-C motif chemokine 20 production
up-regulation of C-C motif chemokine 20 production
upregulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production
up regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production
up-regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production
regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of IL-17-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of IL-17-mediated signalling pathway
regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.
activation of IL-17-mediated signaling pathway
activation of IL-17-mediated signalling pathway
activation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway
activation of interleukin-17-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of IL-17-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of IL-17-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signalling pathway
upregulation of IL-17-mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of IL-17-mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of IL-17-mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of IL-17-mediated signalling pathway
up regulation of IL-17-mediated signalling pathway
up-regulation of IL-17-mediated signalling pathway
upregulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of interleukin-17-mediated signalling pathway
up regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signalling pathway
up-regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.
downregulation of IL-17-mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of IL-17-mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of IL-17-mediated signaling pathway
downregulation of IL-17-mediated signalling pathway
down regulation of IL-17-mediated signalling pathway
down-regulation of IL-17-mediated signalling pathway
downregulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway
downregulation of interleukin-17-mediated signalling pathway
down regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signalling pathway
down-regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signalling pathway
inhibition of IL-17-mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of IL-17-mediated signalling pathway
inhibition of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of interleukin-17-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of IL-17-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of IL-17-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly.
downregulation of DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly
down regulation of DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly
down-regulation of DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly
downregulation of DNA recombinase mediator complex formation
down regulation of DNA recombinase mediator complex formation
down-regulation of DNA recombinase mediator complex formation
inhibition of DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly
inhibition of DNA recombinase mediator complex formation
negative regulation of DNA recombinase mediator complex formation
regulation of DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly.
regulation of DNA recombinase mediator complex formation
negative regulation of DNA primase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA primase activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA primase activity.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium arsenite stimulus.
positive regulation of DNA primase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA primase activity.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a primary palate over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
processus palatinus medianus development
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyanide stimulus.
positive regulation of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage.
activation of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage
positive regulation of pyrimidine salvage
upregulation of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage
up regulation of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage
up-regulation of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage
regulation of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bisphenol A stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyanide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bisphenol A stimulus.
regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle.
regulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagocytic vesicle
regulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagosome
regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagocytic vesicle
regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagosome
regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagocytic vesicle
regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagosome
regulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagocytic vesicle
regulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagosome
regulation of protein processing in phagosome
positive regulation of actin filament severing
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament severing.
activation of actin filament severing activity
activation of barbed-end actin capping/severing activity
positive regulation of actin filament severing activity
positive regulation of barbed-end actin capping/severing activity
up regulation of actin filament severing
up-regulation of actin filament severing
upregulation of actin filament severing activity
up regulation of actin filament severing activity
up-regulation of actin filament severing activity
upregulation of barbed-end actin capping/severing activity
up regulation of barbed-end actin capping/severing activity
up-regulation of barbed-end actin capping/severing activity
positive regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle.
activation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagocytic vesicle
activation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagosome
activation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagocytic vesicle
activation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagosome
activation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagocytic vesicle
activation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagosome
activation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagocytic vesicle
activation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagosome
activation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle
activation of protein processing in phagosome
positive regulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagocytic vesicle
positive regulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagosome
positive regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagocytic vesicle
positive regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagosome
positive regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagocytic vesicle
positive regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagosome
positive regulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagocytic vesicle
positive regulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagosome
positive regulation of protein processing in phagosome
upregulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagocytic vesicle
up regulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagocytic vesicle
up-regulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagocytic vesicle
upregulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagosome
up regulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagosome
up-regulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagosome
upregulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagocytic vesicle
up regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagocytic vesicle
up-regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagocytic vesicle
upregulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagosome
up regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagosome
up-regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagosome
upregulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagocytic vesicle
up regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagocytic vesicle
up-regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagocytic vesicle
upregulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagosome
up regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagosome
up-regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagosome
upregulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagocytic vesicle
up regulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagocytic vesicle
up-regulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagocytic vesicle
upregulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagosome
up regulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagosome
up-regulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagosome
upregulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle
up regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle
up-regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle
upregulation of protein processing in phagosome
up regulation of protein processing in phagosome
up-regulation of protein processing in phagosome
negative regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle.
downregulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagocytic vesicle
down regulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagocytic vesicle
down-regulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagocytic vesicle
downregulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagosome
down regulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagosome
down-regulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagosome
downregulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagocytic vesicle
down regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagocytic vesicle
down-regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagocytic vesicle
downregulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagosome
down regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagosome
down-regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagosome
downregulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagocytic vesicle
down regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagocytic vesicle
down-regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagocytic vesicle
downregulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagosome
down regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagosome
down-regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagosome
downregulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagocytic vesicle
down regulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagocytic vesicle
down-regulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagocytic vesicle
downregulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagosome
down regulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagosome
down-regulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagosome
downregulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle
down regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle
down-regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle
downregulation of protein processing in phagosome
down regulation of protein processing in phagosome
down-regulation of protein processing in phagosome
inhibition of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagocytic vesicle
inhibition of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagosome
inhibition of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagocytic vesicle
inhibition of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagosome
inhibition of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagocytic vesicle
inhibition of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagosome
inhibition of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagocytic vesicle
inhibition of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagosome
inhibition of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle
inhibition of protein processing in phagosome
negative regulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagocytic vesicle
negative regulation of peptidolysis during protein maturation in phagosome
negative regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagocytic vesicle
negative regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage in phagosome
negative regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagocytic vesicle
negative regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis in phagosome
negative regulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagocytic vesicle
negative regulation of protein maturation by proteolysis in phagosome
negative regulation of protein processing in phagosome
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2alpha dephosphorylation.
activation of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
activation of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to ER stress
activation of regulation of translation initiation by eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
positive regulation of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
positive regulation of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to ER stress
positive regulation of ER stress-induced eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation
positive regulation of regulation of translation initiation by eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
upregulation of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up regulation of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up-regulation of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
upregulation of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to ER stress
up regulation of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to ER stress
up-regulation of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to ER stress
upregulation of regulation of translation initiation by eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up regulation of regulation of translation initiation by eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up-regulation of regulation of translation initiation by eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2alpha dephosphorylation.
regulation of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
regulation of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to ER stress
regulation of ER stress-induced eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation
regulation of regulation of translation initiation by eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of actin filament severing
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament severing.
downregulation of actin filament severing
down regulation of actin filament severing
down-regulation of actin filament severing
downregulation of actin filament severing activity
down regulation of actin filament severing activity
down-regulation of actin filament severing activity
downregulation of barbed-end actin capping/severing activity
down regulation of barbed-end actin capping/severing activity
down-regulation of barbed-end actin capping/severing activity
inhibition of actin filament severing activity
inhibition of barbed-end actin capping/severing activity
negative regulation of actin filament severing activity
negative regulation of barbed-end actin capping/severing activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament severing.
regulation of actin filament severing activity
regulation of barbed-end actin capping/severing activity
regulation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane.
regulation of viral-cell fusion molecule activity
regulation of viral entry into host cell via membrane fusion with the plasma membrane
regulation of viral envelope fusion with host cell membrane
regulation of viral envelope fusion with host membrane
regulation of viral envelope fusion with host plasma membrane
regulation of viral penetration via membrane fusion
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2 alpha phosphorylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eiF2alpha phosphorylation.
downregulation of eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down regulation of eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down-regulation of eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
downregulation of eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to ER stress
down regulation of eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to ER stress
down-regulation of eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to ER stress
downregulation of regulation of translation initiation by eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down regulation of regulation of translation initiation by eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
down-regulation of regulation of translation initiation by eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
inhibition of eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
inhibition of eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to ER stress
inhibition of regulation of translation initiation by eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
negative regulation of eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to ER stress
negative regulation of ER stress-induced eIF2 alpha phosphorylation
negative regulation of regulation of translation initiation by eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
positive regulation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane.
activation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane
activation of viral-cell fusion molecule activity
activation of viral entry into host cell via membrane fusion with the plasma membrane
activation of viral envelope fusion with host cell membrane
activation of viral envelope fusion with host membrane
activation of viral envelope fusion with host plasma membrane
activation of viral penetration via membrane fusion
positive regulation of viral-cell fusion molecule activity
positive regulation of viral entry into host cell via membrane fusion with the plasma membrane
positive regulation of viral envelope fusion with host cell membrane
positive regulation of viral envelope fusion with host membrane
positive regulation of viral envelope fusion with host plasma membrane
positive regulation of viral penetration via membrane fusion
upregulation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane
up regulation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane
up-regulation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane
upregulation of viral-cell fusion molecule activity
up regulation of viral-cell fusion molecule activity
up-regulation of viral-cell fusion molecule activity
upregulation of viral entry into host cell via membrane fusion with the plasma membrane
up regulation of viral entry into host cell via membrane fusion with the plasma membrane
up-regulation of viral entry into host cell via membrane fusion with the plasma membrane
upregulation of viral envelope fusion with host cell membrane
up regulation of viral envelope fusion with host cell membrane
up-regulation of viral envelope fusion with host cell membrane
upregulation of viral envelope fusion with host membrane
up regulation of viral envelope fusion with host membrane
up-regulation of viral envelope fusion with host membrane
upregulation of viral envelope fusion with host plasma membrane
up regulation of viral envelope fusion with host plasma membrane
up-regulation of viral envelope fusion with host plasma membrane
upregulation of viral penetration via membrane fusion
up regulation of viral penetration via membrane fusion
up-regulation of viral penetration via membrane fusion
negative regulation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane.
downregulation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane
down regulation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane
down-regulation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane
downregulation of viral-cell fusion molecule activity
down regulation of viral-cell fusion molecule activity
down-regulation of viral-cell fusion molecule activity
downregulation of viral entry into host cell via membrane fusion with the plasma membrane
down regulation of viral entry into host cell via membrane fusion with the plasma membrane
down-regulation of viral entry into host cell via membrane fusion with the plasma membrane
downregulation of viral envelope fusion with host cell membrane
down regulation of viral envelope fusion with host cell membrane
down-regulation of viral envelope fusion with host cell membrane
downregulation of viral envelope fusion with host membrane
down regulation of viral envelope fusion with host membrane
down-regulation of viral envelope fusion with host membrane
downregulation of viral envelope fusion with host plasma membrane
down regulation of viral envelope fusion with host plasma membrane
down-regulation of viral envelope fusion with host plasma membrane
downregulation of viral penetration via membrane fusion
down regulation of viral penetration via membrane fusion
down-regulation of viral penetration via membrane fusion
inhibition of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane
inhibition of viral-cell fusion molecule activity
inhibition of viral entry into host cell via membrane fusion with the plasma membrane
inhibition of viral envelope fusion with host cell membrane
inhibition of viral envelope fusion with host membrane
inhibition of viral envelope fusion with host plasma membrane
inhibition of viral penetration via membrane fusion
negative regulation of viral-cell fusion molecule activity
negative regulation of viral entry into host cell via membrane fusion with the plasma membrane
negative regulation of viral envelope fusion with host cell membrane
negative regulation of viral envelope fusion with host membrane
negative regulation of viral envelope fusion with host plasma membrane
negative regulation of viral penetration via membrane fusion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor clustering.
positive regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane raft polarization.
activation of plasma membrane raft polarization
upregulation of plasma membrane raft polarization
up regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization
up-regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization
positive regulation of receptor clustering
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor clustering.
negative regulation of receptor clustering
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor clustering.
positive regulation of establishment of T cell polarity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of T cell polarity.
activation of establishment of T cell polarity
activation of establishment of T-cell polarity
activation of establishment of T lymphocyte polarity
activation of establishment of T-lymphocyte polarity
positive regulation of establishment of T-cell polarity
positive regulation of establishment of T lymphocyte polarity
positive regulation of establishment of T-lymphocyte polarity
positive regulation of T cell polarization
positive regulation of T-cell polarization
positive regulation of T lymphocyte polarization
upregulation of establishment of T cell polarity
upregulation of establishment of T-cell polarity
up regulation of establishment of T cell polarity
up regulation of establishment of T-cell polarity
up-regulation of establishment of T cell polarity
up-regulation of establishment of T-cell polarity
upregulation of establishment of T lymphocyte polarity
upregulation of establishment of T-lymphocyte polarity
up regulation of establishment of T lymphocyte polarity
up regulation of establishment of T-lymphocyte polarity
up-regulation of establishment of T lymphocyte polarity
up-regulation of establishment of T-lymphocyte polarity
upregulation of T lymphocyte polarization
up regulation of T lymphocyte polarization
up-regulation of T lymphocyte polarization
negative regulation of establishment of T cell polarity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of T cell polarity.
downregulation of establishment of T cell polarity
downregulation of establishment of T-cell polarity
down regulation of establishment of T cell polarity
down regulation of establishment of T-cell polarity
down-regulation of establishment of T cell polarity
down-regulation of establishment of T-cell polarity
downregulation of establishment of T lymphocyte polarity
downregulation of establishment of T-lymphocyte polarity
down regulation of establishment of T lymphocyte polarity
down regulation of establishment of T-lymphocyte polarity
down-regulation of establishment of T lymphocyte polarity
down-regulation of establishment of T-lymphocyte polarity
downregulation of T lymphocyte polarization
down regulation of T lymphocyte polarization
down-regulation of T lymphocyte polarization
inhibition of establishment of T cell polarity
inhibition of establishment of T-cell polarity
inhibition of establishment of T lymphocyte polarity
inhibition of establishment of T-lymphocyte polarity
negative regulation of establishment of T-cell polarity
negative regulation of establishment of T lymphocyte polarity
negative regulation of establishment of T-lymphocyte polarity
negative regulation of T cell polarization
negative regulation of T-cell polarization
negative regulation of T lymphocyte polarization
negative regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane raft polarization.
downregulation of plasma membrane raft polarization
down regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization
down-regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization
inhibition of plasma membrane raft polarization
regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane raft polarization.
monounsaturated fatty acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monounsaturated fatty acid.
monounsaturated fatty acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving monounsaturated fatty acid.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a micafungin stimulus.
monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monounsaturated fatty acid.
positive regulation of anion transmembrane transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.
activation of anion transmembrane transport
upregulation of anion transmembrane transport
up regulation of anion transmembrane transport
up-regulation of anion transmembrane transport
negative regulation of anion transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.
downregulation of anion transmembrane transport
down regulation of anion transmembrane transport
down-regulation of anion transmembrane transport
inhibition of anion transmembrane transport
The directed movement of an arachidonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
arachidonate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of arachidonate from one side of a membrane to the other.
regulation of monoatomic anion transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.
regulation of anion transmembrane transport
A protein complex which is capable of nitric-oxide synthase activity.
negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.
downregulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
down regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
down-regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
downregulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiomyocyte action potential repolarization
down regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiomyocyte action potential repolarization
down-regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiomyocyte action potential repolarization
inhibition of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
inhibition of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiomyocyte action potential repolarization
negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiomyocyte action potential repolarization
regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.
regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiomyocyte action potential repolarization
positive regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to mitochondrion.
activation of mitochondrial protein import
activation of mitochondrial translocation
activation of protein import into mitochondrion
activation of protein-mitochondrial targeting
activation of protein targeting to mitochondria
activation of protein targeting to mitochondrion
positive regulation of mitochondrial protein import
positive regulation of mitochondrial translocation
positive regulation of protein import into mitochondrion
positive regulation of protein-mitochondrial targeting
positive regulation of protein targeting to mitochondria
upregulation of mitochondrial protein import
up regulation of mitochondrial protein import
up-regulation of mitochondrial protein import
upregulation of mitochondrial translocation
up regulation of mitochondrial translocation
up-regulation of mitochondrial translocation
upregulation of protein import into mitochondrion
up regulation of protein import into mitochondrion
up-regulation of protein import into mitochondrion
upregulation of protein-mitochondrial targeting
up regulation of protein-mitochondrial targeting
up-regulation of protein-mitochondrial targeting
upregulation of protein targeting to mitochondria
up regulation of protein targeting to mitochondria
up-regulation of protein targeting to mitochondria
upregulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion
up regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion
up-regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion
positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.
activation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
activation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiomyocyte action potential repolarization
positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiomyocyte action potential repolarization
upregulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
up regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
up-regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
upregulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiomyocyte action potential repolarization
up regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiomyocyte action potential repolarization
up-regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiomyocyte action potential repolarization
positive regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.
activation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
upregulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
up regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
up-regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
negative regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.
downregulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
down regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
down-regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
inhibition of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
positive regulation of AV node cell action potential
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential.
activation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
activation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
activation of AV node cell action potential
positive regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
positive regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
upregulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
up regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
up-regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
upregulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
up regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
up-regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
upregulation of AV node cell action potential
up regulation of AV node cell action potential
up-regulation of AV node cell action potential
negative regulation of AV node cell action potential
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential.
downregulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
down regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
down-regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
downregulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
down regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
down-regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
downregulation of AV node cell action potential
down regulation of AV node cell action potential
down-regulation of AV node cell action potential
inhibition of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
inhibition of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
inhibition of AV node cell action potential
negative regulation of atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
negative regulation of AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
positive regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process.
activation of hepatocyte apoptotic process
positive regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis
upregulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process
up regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process
up-regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process
negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process.
downregulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process
down regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process
down-regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process
inhibition of hepatocyte apoptotic process
negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis
positive regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.
activation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
upregulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
up regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
up-regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
negative regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.
downregulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
down regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
down-regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
inhibition of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
negative regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange.
downregulation of respiratory gaseous exchange
down regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange
down-regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange
inhibition of respiratory gaseous exchange
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TORC2 signaling.
downregulation of TORC2 signal transduction
down regulation of TORC2 signal transduction
down-regulation of TORC2 signal transduction
negative regulation of TORC2 signal transduction
regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process.
positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange.
activation of respiratory gaseous exchange
upregulation of respiratory gaseous exchange
up regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange
up-regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acrylamide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium arsenite stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TORC2 signaling.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acrylamide stimulus.
positive regulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity.
activation of ATP:protein-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific) activity
activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase activity
activation of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase activity
activation of focal adhesion kinase activity
activation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity
activation of non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase activity
activation of p60c-src protein tyrosine kinase activity
positive regulation of ATP:protein-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific) activity
positive regulation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase activity
positive regulation of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase activity
positive regulation of focal adhesion kinase activity
positive regulation of janus kinase 1 activity
positive regulation of janus kinase 2 activity
positive regulation of janus kinase 3 activity
positive regulation of non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase activity
positive regulation of p60c-src protein tyrosine kinase activity
upregulation of ATP:protein-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific) activity
up regulation of ATP:protein-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific) activity
up-regulation of ATP:protein-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific) activity
upregulation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase activity
up regulation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase activity
up-regulation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase activity
upregulation of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase activity
up regulation of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase activity
up-regulation of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase activity
upregulation of focal adhesion kinase activity
up regulation of focal adhesion kinase activity
up-regulation of focal adhesion kinase activity
up regulation of janus kinase 1 activity
up-regulation of janus kinase 1 activity
up regulation of janus kinase 2 activity
up-regulation of janus kinase 2 activity
up regulation of janus kinase 3 activity
up-regulation of janus kinase 3 activity
upregulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity
up regulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity
up-regulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity
upregulation of non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase activity
up regulation of non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase activity
up-regulation of non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase activity
upregulation of p60c-src protein tyrosine kinase activity
up regulation of p60c-src protein tyrosine kinase activity
up-regulation of p60c-src protein tyrosine kinase activity
negative regulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity.
downregulation of ATP:protein-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific) activity
down regulation of ATP:protein-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific) activity
down-regulation of ATP:protein-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific) activity
downregulation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase activity
down regulation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase activity
down-regulation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase activity
downregulation of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase activity
down regulation of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase activity
down-regulation of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase activity
downregulation of focal adhesion kinase activity
down regulation of focal adhesion kinase activity
down-regulation of focal adhesion kinase activity
downregulation of janus kinase 1 activity
down regulation of janus kinase 1 activity
down-regulation of janus kinase 1 activity
downregulation of janus kinase 2 activity
down regulation of janus kinase 2 activity
down-regulation of janus kinase 2 activity
downregulation of janus kinase 3 activity
down regulation of janus kinase 3 activity
down-regulation of janus kinase 3 activity
downregulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity
down regulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity
down-regulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity
downregulation of non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase activity
down regulation of non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase activity
down-regulation of non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase activity
downregulation of p60c-src protein tyrosine kinase activity
down regulation of p60c-src protein tyrosine kinase activity
down-regulation of p60c-src protein tyrosine kinase activity
inhibition of ATP:protein-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific) activity
inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase activity
inhibition of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase activity
inhibition of focal adhesion kinase activity
inhibition of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity
inhibition of non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase activity
inhibition of p60c-src protein tyrosine kinase activity
negative regulation of ATP:protein-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific) activity
negative regulation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase activity
negative regulation of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase activity
negative regulation of focal adhesion kinase activity
negative regulation of janus kinase 1 activity
negative regulation of janus kinase 2 activity
negative regulation of janus kinase 3 activity
negative regulation of non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase activity
negative regulation of p60c-src protein tyrosine kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior.
obsolete negative regulation of protein stabilization
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein stabilization.
obsolete regulation of protein stabilization
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein stabilization.
regulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity.
regulation of ATP:protein-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific) activity
regulation of ATP:protein-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase activity
regulation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase activity
regulation of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase activity
regulation of focal adhesion kinase activity
regulation of non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase activity
regulation of p60c-src protein tyrosine kinase activity
obsolete positive regulation of protein stabilization
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein stabilization.
The directed movement of iron ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.
ferrous iron export across plasma membrane
regulation of intestinal D-glucose absorption
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal D-glucose absorption.
positive regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway.
activation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway
activation of TRAIL-activated extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
activation of TRAIL-induced apoptotic signaling pathway
activation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand apoptotic signaling pathway
positive regulation of TRAIL-activated extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
positive regulation of TRAIL-induced apoptotic signaling pathway
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand apoptotic signaling pathway
upregulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway
up regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway
up-regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway
upregulation of TRAIL-activated extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
up regulation of TRAIL-activated extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
up-regulation of TRAIL-activated extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
upregulation of TRAIL-induced apoptotic signaling pathway
up regulation of TRAIL-induced apoptotic signaling pathway
up-regulation of TRAIL-induced apoptotic signaling pathway
upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand apoptotic signaling pathway
up regulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand apoptotic signaling pathway
up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand apoptotic signaling pathway
positive regulation of microglial cell activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.
activation of microglial cell activation
upregulation of microglial cell activation
up regulation of microglial cell activation
up-regulation of microglial cell activation
positive regulation of microvillus length
A process that increases the length of a microvillus.
activation of regulation of microvillus length
upregulation of regulation of microvillus length
up regulation of regulation of microvillus length
up-regulation of regulation of microvillus length
negative regulation of microvillus length
A process that decreases the length of a microvillus.
downregulation of regulation of microvillus length
down regulation of regulation of microvillus length
down-regulation of regulation of microvillus length
inhibition of regulation of microvillus length
positive regulation of glial cell migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell migration.
positive regulation of glia cell migration
negative regulation of glial cell migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell migration.
negative regulation of glia cell migration
negative regulation of microglial cell activation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.
downregulation of microglial cell activation
down regulation of microglial cell activation
down-regulation of microglial cell activation
inhibition of microglial cell activation
regulation of microglial cell activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.
negative regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
downregulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
down regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
down-regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
downregulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
down regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
down-regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
downregulation of cellular response to M-CSF stimulus
down regulation of cellular response to M-CSF stimulus
down-regulation of cellular response to M-CSF stimulus
inhibition of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
inhibition of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
inhibition of cellular response to M-CSF stimulus
negative regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
negative regulation of cellular response to M-CSF stimulus
regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
regulation of cellular response to M-CSF stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell migration.
positive regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
activation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
activation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
activation of cellular response to M-CSF stimulus
positive regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
positive regulation of cellular response to M-CSF stimulus
upregulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
up regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
up-regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
upregulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
up regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
up-regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
upregulation of cellular response to M-CSF stimulus
up regulation of cellular response to M-CSF stimulus
up-regulation of cellular response to M-CSF stimulus
regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a micafungin stimulus.
positive regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
activation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
activation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
positive regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
positive regulation of response to M-CSF
upregulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
up regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
up-regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
upregulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
up regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
up-regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
negative regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
downregulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
down regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
down-regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
downregulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
down regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
down-regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
inhibition of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
inhibition of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
negative regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
negative regulation of response to M-CSF
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity.
positive regulation of collagen fibril organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen fibril organization.
activation of collagen fibril organisation
activation of collagen fibril organization
activation of fibrillar collagen organization
positive regulation of collagen fibril organisation
positive regulation of fibrillar collagen organization
upregulation of collagen fibril organisation
up regulation of collagen fibril organisation
up-regulation of collagen fibril organisation
upregulation of collagen fibril organization
up regulation of collagen fibril organization
up-regulation of collagen fibril organization
upregulation of fibrillar collagen organization
up regulation of fibrillar collagen organization
up-regulation of fibrillar collagen organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity.
negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity.
downregulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
down regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
down-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
inhibition of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
positive regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate.
activation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate
activation of glucose fermentation to lactate via pyruvate
activation of homofermentative lactate fermentation
positive regulation of glucose fermentation to lactate via pyruvate
positive regulation of homofermentative lactate fermentation
positive regulation of homofermentative pathway
positive regulation of homolactate fermentation
positive regulation of homolactic fermentation
upregulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate
up regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate
up-regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate
upregulation of glucose fermentation to lactate via pyruvate
up regulation of glucose fermentation to lactate via pyruvate
up-regulation of glucose fermentation to lactate via pyruvate
upregulation of homofermentative lactate fermentation
up regulation of homofermentative lactate fermentation
up-regulation of homofermentative lactate fermentation
upregulation of homofermentative pathway
up regulation of homofermentative pathway
up-regulation of homofermentative pathway
upregulation of homolactate fermentation
up regulation of homolactate fermentation
up-regulation of homolactate fermentation
up regulation of homolactic fermentation
up-regulation of homolactic fermentation
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate.
downregulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate
down regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate
down-regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate
downregulation of glucose fermentation to lactate via pyruvate
down regulation of glucose fermentation to lactate via pyruvate
down-regulation of glucose fermentation to lactate via pyruvate
downregulation of homofermentative lactate fermentation
down regulation of homofermentative lactate fermentation
down-regulation of homofermentative lactate fermentation
downregulation of homofermentative pathway
down regulation of homofermentative pathway
down-regulation of homofermentative pathway
downregulation of homolactate fermentation
down regulation of homolactate fermentation
down-regulation of homolactate fermentation
downregulation of homolactic fermentation
down regulation of homolactic fermentation
down-regulation of homolactic fermentation
inhibition of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate
inhibition of glucose fermentation to lactate via pyruvate
inhibition of homofermentative lactate fermentation
negative regulation of glucose fermentation to lactate via pyruvate
negative regulation of homofermentative lactate fermentation
negative regulation of homofermentative pathway
negative regulation of homolactate fermentation
negative regulation of homolactic fermentation
negative regulation of collagen fibril organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collagen fibril organization.
downregulation of collagen fibril organisation
down regulation of collagen fibril organisation
down-regulation of collagen fibril organisation
downregulation of collagen fibril organization
down regulation of collagen fibril organization
down-regulation of collagen fibril organization
downregulation of fibrillar collagen organization
down regulation of fibrillar collagen organization
down-regulation of fibrillar collagen organization
inhibition of collagen fibril organisation
inhibition of collagen fibril organization
inhibition of fibrillar collagen organization
negative regulation of collagen fibril organisation
negative regulation of fibrillar collagen organization
regulation of collagen fibril organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collagen fibril organization.
regulation of collagen fibril organisation
regulation of fibrillar collagen organization
negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor internalization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor internalization.
downregulation of G-protein coupled receptor internalization
down regulation of G-protein coupled receptor internalization
down-regulation of G-protein coupled receptor internalization
inhibition of G-protein coupled receptor internalization
negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor internalization
regulation of G protein-coupled receptor internalization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor internalization.
regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor internalization
regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate.
regulation of glucose fermentation to lactate via pyruvate
regulation of homofermentative lactate fermentation
positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor internalization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor internalization.
activation of G-protein coupled receptor internalization
positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor internalization
upregulation of G-protein coupled receptor internalization
up regulation of G-protein coupled receptor internalization
up-regulation of G-protein coupled receptor internalization
cellular response to Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine stimulus.
response to Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine stimulus.
Any apoptotic process in an epithelial cell.
positive regulation of vasculature development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development.
activation of vascular system development
positive regulation of vascular system development
upregulation of vascular system development
up regulation of vascular system development
up-regulation of vascular system development
up regulation of vasculature development
up-regulation of vasculature development
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus.
obsolete cellular response to monosodium glutamate
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monosodium glutamate stimulus.
obsolete response to monosodium glutamate
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monosodium glutamate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an Aroclor 1254 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an Aroclor 1254 stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.
regulation of choline phosphatase activity
regulation of lipophosphodiesterase II activity
regulation of phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase activity
positive regulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sebum secreting cell proliferation.
activation of sebum secreting cell proliferation
positive regulation of sebocyte proliferation
upregulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation
up regulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation
up-regulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation
positive regulation of phospholipase D activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.
activation of choline phosphatase activity
activation of lipophosphodiesterase II activity
activation of phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase activity
positive regulation of choline phosphatase activity
positive regulation of lecithinase D activity
positive regulation of lipophosphodiesterase II activity
positive regulation of phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase activity
upregulation of choline phosphatase activity
up regulation of choline phosphatase activity
up-regulation of choline phosphatase activity
upregulation of lipophosphodiesterase II activity
up regulation of lipophosphodiesterase II activity
up-regulation of lipophosphodiesterase II activity
upregulation of phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase activity
up regulation of phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase activity
up-regulation of phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase activity
upregulation of phospholipase D activity
up regulation of phospholipase D activity
up-regulation of phospholipase D activity
negative regulation of phospholipase D activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.
downregulation of choline phosphatase activity
down regulation of choline phosphatase activity
down-regulation of choline phosphatase activity
downregulation of lecithinase D activity
down regulation of lecithinase D activity
down-regulation of lecithinase D activity
downregulation of lipophosphodiesterase II activity
down regulation of lipophosphodiesterase II activity
down-regulation of lipophosphodiesterase II activity
downregulation of phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase activity
down regulation of phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase activity
down-regulation of phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase activity
downregulation of phospholipase D activity
down regulation of phospholipase D activity
down-regulation of phospholipase D activity
inhibition of choline phosphatase activity
inhibition of lipophosphodiesterase II activity
inhibition of phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase activity
negative regulation of choline phosphatase activity
negative regulation of lecithinase D activity
negative regulation of lipophosphodiesterase II activity
negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior.
negative regulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sebum secreting cell proliferation.
downregulation of sebocyte proliferation
down regulation of sebocyte proliferation
down-regulation of sebocyte proliferation
downregulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation
down regulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation
down-regulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation
inhibition of sebum secreting cell proliferation
negative regulation of sebocyte proliferation
regulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sebum secreting cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm.
activation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm
positive regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm
upregulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm
up regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm
up-regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm.
downregulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm
down regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm
down-regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm
inhibition of circadian locomotor activity rhythm
negative regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm
negative regulation of cation transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.
downregulation of cation transmembrane transport
down regulation of cation transmembrane transport
down-regulation of cation transmembrane transport
inhibition of cation transmembrane transport
regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.
regulation of cation transmembrane transport
negative regulation of sensory perception of pain
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain.
downregulation of perception of physiological pain
down regulation of perception of physiological pain
down-regulation of perception of physiological pain
downregulation of sensory perception of pain
down regulation of sensory perception of pain
down-regulation of sensory perception of pain
inhibition of perception of physiological pain
inhibition of sensory perception of pain
negative regulation of perception of physiological pain
positive regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte proliferation.
activation of cholangiocyte proliferation
positive regulation of hepatoblast proliferation
upregulation of cholangiocyte proliferation
up regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation
up-regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation
upregulation of hepatoblast proliferation
up regulation of hepatoblast proliferation
up-regulation of hepatoblast proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm.
regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm
positive regulation of sensory perception of pain
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain.
activation of perception of physiological pain
activation of sensory perception of pain
positive regulation of perception of physiological pain
upregulation of perception of physiological pain
up regulation of perception of physiological pain
up-regulation of perception of physiological pain
upregulation of sensory perception of pain
up regulation of sensory perception of pain
up-regulation of sensory perception of pain
positive regulation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy.
activation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy
upregulation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy
up regulation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy
up-regulation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy
negative regulation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy.
downregulation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy
down regulation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy
down-regulation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy
inhibition of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy
negative regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte proliferation.
downregulation of cholangiocyte proliferation
down regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation
down-regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation
downregulation of hepatoblast proliferation
down regulation of hepatoblast proliferation
down-regulation of hepatoblast proliferation
inhibition of cholangiocyte proliferation
negative regulation of hepatoblast proliferation
regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte proliferation.
negative regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion.
downregulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion
down regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion
down-regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion
downregulation of stimulus-independent neurotransmitter secretion
down regulation of stimulus-independent neurotransmitter secretion
down-regulation of stimulus-independent neurotransmitter secretion
inhibition of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion
inhibition of stimulus-independent neurotransmitter secretion
negative regulation of stimulus-independent neurotransmitter secretion
regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion.
regulation of stimulus-independent neurotransmitter secretion
regulation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy.
positive regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion.
activation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion
activation of stimulus-independent neurotransmitter secretion
positive regulation of stimulus-independent neurotransmitter secretion
upregulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion
up regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion
up-regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion
upregulation of stimulus-independent neurotransmitter secretion
up regulation of stimulus-independent neurotransmitter secretion
up-regulation of stimulus-independent neurotransmitter secretion
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aldosterone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aldosterone stimulus.
negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor production.
downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
down regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor production
regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.
regulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine; L-cystathionine-forming)
regulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine)
regulation of methylcysteine synthase activity
regulation of serine sulfhydrase activity
regulation of serine sulfhydrylase activity
positive regulation of iron export across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of export of iron ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.
positive regulation of ferrous iron export
positive regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.
activation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity
activation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine; L-cystathionine-forming)
activation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine)
activation of methylcysteine synthase activity
activation of serine sulfhydrase activity
activation of serine sulfhydrylase activity
positive regulation of beta-thionase activity
positive regulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine; L-cystathionine-forming)
positive regulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine)
positive regulation of methylcysteine synthase activity
positive regulation of serine sulfhydrase activity
positive regulation of serine sulfhydrylase activity
upregulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity
up regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity
up-regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity
upregulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine; L-cystathionine-forming)
up regulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine; L-cystathionine-forming)
up-regulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine; L-cystathionine-forming)
upregulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine)
up regulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine)
up-regulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine)
upregulation of methylcysteine synthase activity
up regulation of methylcysteine synthase activity
up-regulation of methylcysteine synthase activity
upregulation of serine sulfhydrase activity
up regulation of serine sulfhydrase activity
up-regulation of serine sulfhydrase activity
upregulation of serine sulfhydrylase activity
up regulation of serine sulfhydrylase activity
up-regulation of serine sulfhydrylase activity
negative regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.
downregulation of beta-thionase activity
down regulation of beta-thionase activity
down-regulation of beta-thionase activity
downregulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity
down regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity
down-regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity
downregulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine; L-cystathionine-forming)
down regulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine; L-cystathionine-forming)
down-regulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine; L-cystathionine-forming)
downregulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine)
down regulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine)
down-regulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine)
downregulation of methylcysteine synthase activity
down regulation of methylcysteine synthase activity
down-regulation of methylcysteine synthase activity
downregulation of serine sulfhydrase activity
down regulation of serine sulfhydrase activity
down-regulation of serine sulfhydrase activity
downregulation of serine sulfhydrylase activity
down regulation of serine sulfhydrylase activity
down-regulation of serine sulfhydrylase activity
inhibition of cystathionine beta-synthase activity
inhibition of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine; L-cystathionine-forming)
inhibition of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine)
inhibition of methylcysteine synthase activity
inhibition of serine sulfhydrase activity
inhibition of serine sulfhydrylase activity
negative regulation of beta-thionase activity
negative regulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine; L-cystathionine-forming)
negative regulation of L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine)
negative regulation of methylcysteine synthase activity
negative regulation of serine sulfhydrase activity
negative regulation of serine sulfhydrylase activity
positive regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process.
activation of epithelial cell apoptotic process
activation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process
positive regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis
positive regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis
positive regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process
upregulation of epithelial cell apoptosis
up regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis
up-regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis
upregulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process
up regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process
up-regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process
up regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis
up-regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis
upregulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process
up regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process
up-regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process
negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process.
downregulation of epithelial cell apoptosis
down regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis
down-regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis
downregulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process
down regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process
down-regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process
downregulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis
down regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis
down-regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis
downregulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process
down regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process
down-regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process
inhibition of epithelial cell apoptotic process
inhibition of epitheliocyte apoptotic process
negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis
negative regulation of epitheliocyte apoptosis
negative regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process
negative regulation of iron export across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of export of iron ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.
negative regulation of ferrous iron export
regulation of iron export across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of export of iron ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.
negative regulation of t-SNARE clustering
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of t-SNARE clustering.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of t-SNARE clustering.
regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process.
regulation of epitheliocyte apoptotic process
positive regulation of t-SNARE clustering
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of t-SNARE clustering.
negative regulation of autophagic cell death
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death.
down regulation of autophagic cell death
down-regulation of autophagic cell death
downregulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy
down regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy
down-regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy
downregulation of type II programmed cell death
down regulation of type II programmed cell death
down-regulation of type II programmed cell death
inhibition of programmed cell death by macroautophagy
inhibition of type II programmed cell death
negative regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy
negative regulation of type II programmed cell death
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death.
regulation of programmed cell death by autophagy
regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy
regulation of type II programmed cell death
negative regulation of endosperm development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endosperm development.
down regulation of endosperm development
down-regulation of endosperm development
positive regulation of autophagic cell death
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death.
activation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy
activation of type II programmed cell death
positive regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy
positive regulation of type II programmed cell death
upregulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy
up regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy
up-regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy
upregulation of type II programmed cell death
up regulation of type II programmed cell death
up-regulation of type II programmed cell death
obsolete negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process.
positive regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second.
activation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
upregulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
up regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
up-regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
non-ribosomal peptide synthetase activity
Catalysis of a multistep reaction that produce non-ribosomal peptides. The key chain-building reaction, a C-N bond-forming reaction, involves the generation of the characteristic peptide bond by nucleophilic attack of the amino group of an amino-acyl donor unit covalently bound to a downstream peptidyl carrier protein module (amino acyl-S-PCP) on the acyl group of an upstream electrophilic acyl- or peptidyl acyl-S-PCP chain, catalyzed by a condensation (C) domain. Supplementing these core chain-elongation domains are variable numbers of auxiliary domains that are responsible for modification of the growing polypeptide chain by a small set of iterated reactions including epimerization, N-methylation, and heterocyclization.
peptidyl carrier protein activity involved in nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis
peptidyl carrier protein activity involved in nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process
A protein complex which is capable of peptidase inhibitor activity.
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly.
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly.
negative regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second.
downregulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
down regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
down-regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
inhibition of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation
Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in neuron differentiation.
activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation
positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation
positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in neuron differentiation
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in neuron differentiation
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global involved in neuron differentiation
stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation
stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation
upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation
up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation
up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation
up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron fate specification
OBSOLETE. Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in neuron fate specification.
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly.
pyrimidine nucleobase transmembrane transport
The process in which pyrimidine is transported across a membrane.
negative regulation of estrogen biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen biosynthetic process.
down regulation of estrogen biosynthesis
down-regulation of estrogen biosynthesis
downregulation of estrogen biosynthetic process
down regulation of estrogen biosynthetic process
down-regulation of estrogen biosynthetic process
downregulation of oestrogen biosynthesis
down regulation of oestrogen biosynthesis
down-regulation of oestrogen biosynthesis
downregulation of oestrogen biosynthetic process
down regulation of oestrogen biosynthetic process
down-regulation of oestrogen biosynthetic process
inhibition of estrogen biosynthetic process
inhibition of oestrogen biosynthetic process
negative regulation of estrogen anabolism
negative regulation of estrogen biosynthesis
negative regulation of estrogen formation
negative regulation of estrogen synthesis
negative regulation of oestrogen biosynthesis
negative regulation of oestrogen biosynthetic process
regulation of estrogen biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen biosynthetic process.
regulation of oestrogen biosynthetic process
obsolete negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
OBSOLETE. Any negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process.
positive regulation of estrogen biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen biosynthetic process.
activation of estrogen biosynthetic process
activation of oestrogen biosynthetic process
positive regulation of estrogen anabolism
positive regulation of estrogen biosynthesis
positive regulation of estrogen formation
positive regulation of estrogen synthesis
positive regulation of oestrogen biosynthesis
positive regulation of oestrogen biosynthetic process
upregulation of estrogen biosynthetic process
up regulation of estrogen biosynthetic process
up-regulation of estrogen biosynthetic process
upregulation of oestrogen biosynthetic process
up regulation of oestrogen biosynthetic process
up-regulation of oestrogen biosynthetic process
regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation.
regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation
The disaggregation of a presynaptic active zone into its constituent components.
pre-synaptic active zone component disassembly
positive regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation.
activation of trophectodermal cell proliferation
activation of trophectoderm cell proliferation
positive regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation
upregulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation
up regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation
up-regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation
upregulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation
up regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation
up-regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation
negative regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation.
downregulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation
down regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation
down-regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation
downregulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation
down regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation
down-regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation
inhibition of trophectodermal cell proliferation
inhibition of trophectoderm cell proliferation
negative regulation of trophectoderm cell proliferation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ascaroside.
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in social behavior
Any G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway that is involved in social behavior.
GPCR signaling pathway involved in cooperative behavior
GPCR signaling pathway involved in social behavior
GPCR signaling pathway involved in social behaviour
GPCR signalling pathway involved in cooperative behavior
GPCR signalling pathway involved in social behavior
GPCR signalling pathway involved in social behaviour
G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in cooperative behavior
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in cooperative behavior
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in cooperative behavior
G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behavior
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behavior
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behavior
G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behaviour
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behaviour
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behaviour
G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in cooperative behavior
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in cooperative behavior
G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in social behavior
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in social behavior
G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in social behaviour
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in social behaviour
G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction involved in cooperative behavior
G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction involved in social behavior
G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction involved in social behaviour
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in cooperative behavior
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in social behavior
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in social behaviour
G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in cooperative behavior
G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in social behavior
G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in social behaviour
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynaptic active zone. The presynaptic active zone is a specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix.
pre-synaptic active zone component assembly
pre-synaptic active zone component formation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ascaroside.
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission
Any G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway that is involved in positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission.
acetylcholine receptor signalling, muscarinic pathway involved in activation of acetylcholine secretion
acetylcholine receptor signalling, muscarinic pathway involved in positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission
acetylcholine receptor signalling, muscarinic pathway involved in stimulation of acetylcholine secretion
acetylcholine receptor signalling, muscarinic pathway involved in upregulation of acetylcholine secretion
acetylcholine receptor signalling, muscarinic pathway involved in up regulation of acetylcholine secretion
acetylcholine receptor signalling, muscarinic pathway involved in up-regulation of acetylcholine secretion
G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in activation of acetylcholine secretion
G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission
G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in stimulation of acetylcholine secretion
G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in upregulation of acetylcholine secretion
G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in up regulation of acetylcholine secretion
G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in up-regulation of acetylcholine secretion
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in activation of acetylcholine secretion
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in stimulation of acetylcholine secretion
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in upregulation of acetylcholine secretion
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in up regulation of acetylcholine secretion
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in up-regulation of acetylcholine secretion
positive regulation of cation transmembrane transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.
activation of cation transmembrane transport
upregulation of cation transmembrane transport
up regulation of cation transmembrane transport
up-regulation of cation transmembrane transport
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in dauer larval development
Any G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway that is involved in dauer larval development.
GPCR signaling pathway involved in dauer larval development
GPCR signalling pathway involved in dauer larval development
G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in dauer larval development
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in dauer larval development
G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in dauer larval development
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in dauer larval development
G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction involved in dauer larval development
G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in dauer larval development
convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis
Any convergent extension that is involved in rhombomere morphogenesis.
The orderly movement of a microglial cell from one site to another.
regulation of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis.
convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis
Any convergent extension that is involved in notochord morphogenesis.
phosphatidylethanolamine transfer activity
Removes phosphatidylethanolamine from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.
intermembrane phosphatidylethanolamine transfer activity
phosphatidylethanolamine carrier activity
phosphatidylethanolamine transporter activity
positive regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of otic vesicle morphogenesis.
activation of otic vesicle morphogenesis
upregulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis
up regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis
up-regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis
positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by serotonin receptor signaling pathway
A serotonin receptor signaling pathway that results in positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation.
activation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by serotonin receptor signaling pathway
stimulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by serotonin receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by serotonin receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by serotonin receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by serotonin receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by octopamine signaling pathway
An octopamine signaling pathway that results in positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation.
activation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by octopamine signaling pathway
stimulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by octopamine signaling pathway
upregulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by octopamine signaling pathway
up regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by octopamine signaling pathway
up-regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by octopamine signaling pathway
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vasopressin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vasopressin stimulus.
negative regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of otic vesicle morphogenesis.
downregulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis
down regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis
down-regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis
inhibition of otic vesicle morphogenesis
regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of otic vesicle morphogenesis.
negative regulation of muscle filament sliding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding.
downregulation of muscle filament sliding
down regulation of muscle filament sliding
down-regulation of muscle filament sliding
obsolete positive regulation of plus-end directed microfilament motor activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plus-end directed microfilament motor activity.
positive regulation of muscle filament sliding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding.
up regulation of muscle filament sliding
up-regulation of muscle filament sliding
positive regulation of cholesterol import
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol import.
positive regulation of cholesterol uptake
protein localization to ciliary inversin compartment
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary inversin compartment.
protein localisation in ciliary inversin compartment
protein localisation to ciliary inversin compartment
protein localization in ciliary inversin compartment
obsolete negative regulation of plus-end directed microfilament motor activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plus-end directed microfilament motor activity.
obsolete regulation of plus-end directed microfilament motor activity
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plus-end directed microfilament motor activity.
positive regulation of convergent extension involved in gastrulation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in gastrulation.
activation of convergent extension involved in gastrulation
upregulation of convergent extension involved in gastrulation
up regulation of convergent extension involved in gastrulation
up-regulation of convergent extension involved in gastrulation
negative regulation of convergent extension involved in gastrulation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in gastrulation.
downregulation of convergent extension involved in gastrulation
down regulation of convergent extension involved in gastrulation
down-regulation of convergent extension involved in gastrulation
inhibition of convergent extension involved in gastrulation
protein localization to microvillus membrane
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a microvillus membrane.
protein localisation in microvillus membrane
protein localisation to microvillus membrane
protein localization in microvillus membrane
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a microvillus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acadesine stimulus.
positive regulation of protein O-linked glycosylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein O-linked glycosylation.
activation of protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation
activation of protein O-linked glycosylation
positive regulation of protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation
upregulation of protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation
up regulation of protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation
up-regulation of protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation
upregulation of protein O-linked glycosylation
up regulation of protein O-linked glycosylation
up-regulation of protein O-linked glycosylation
regulation of convergent extension involved in gastrulation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in gastrulation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acadesine stimulus.
A protein complex which is capable of acid phosphatase activity.
A protein complex which is capable of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.
negative regulation of protein O-linked glycosylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein O-linked glycosylation.
downregulation of protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation
down regulation of protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation
down-regulation of protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation
downregulation of protein O-linked glycosylation
down regulation of protein O-linked glycosylation
down-regulation of protein O-linked glycosylation
inhibition of protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation
inhibition of protein O-linked glycosylation
negative regulation of protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation
regulation of protein O-linked glycosylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein O-linked glycosylation.
regulation of protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN4 thymocyte. A DN4 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44-,CD25-.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN3 thymocyte. A DN3 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44+,CD25+.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a megasporocyte.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal central apparatus.
negative regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.
downregulation of protein dislocation from ER
down regulation of protein dislocation from ER
down-regulation of protein dislocation from ER
downregulation of retrograde protein transport, endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol
down regulation of retrograde protein transport, endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol
down-regulation of retrograde protein transport, endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol
downregulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol
down regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol
down-regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol
inhibition of protein dislocation from ER
inhibition of retrograde protein transport, endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol
inhibition of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol
negative regulation of protein dislocation from ER
negative regulation of protein retrotranslocation from ER
negative regulation of retrograde protein transport, endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol
regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.
regulation of protein dislocation from ER
regulation of protein retrotranslocation from ER
regulation of retrograde protein transport, endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN2 thymocyte. A DN2 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44+,CD25-.
positive regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.
activation of protein dislocation from ER
activation of retrograde protein transport, endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol
activation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol
positive regulation of protein dislocation from ER
positive regulation of protein retrotranslocation from ER
positive regulation of retrograde protein transport, endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol
upregulation of protein dislocation from ER
up regulation of protein dislocation from ER
up-regulation of protein dislocation from ER
up-regulation of protein retrotranslocation from ER
upregulation of retrograde protein transport, endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol
up regulation of retrograde protein transport, endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol
up-regulation of retrograde protein transport, endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol
upregulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol
up regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol
up-regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol
regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonylphenol stimulus.
positive regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity.
activation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity
upregulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity
up regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity
up-regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity
negative regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity.
downregulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity
down regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity
down-regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity
inhibition of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity
negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation.
downregulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation
down regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation
down-regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation
inhibition of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation
phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase complex
A protein complex which is capable of phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase activity.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonylphenol stimulus.
positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation.
activation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation
upregulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation
up regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation
up-regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation
positive regulation of microglial cell migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell migration.
upregulation of microglial cell migration
up regulation of microglial cell migration
up-regulation of microglial cell migration
negative regulation of microglial cell migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell migration.
downregulation of microglial cell migration
down regulation of microglial cell migration
down-regulation of microglial cell migration
positive regulation of carotenoid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of carotenoid biosynthetic process.
activation of carotenoid biosynthetic process
positive regulation of carotenoid anabolism
positive regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis
positive regulation of carotenoid formation
positive regulation of carotenoid synthesis
up regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis
up-regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis
upregulation of carotenoid biosynthetic process
up regulation of carotenoid biosynthetic process
up-regulation of carotenoid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of carotenoid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of carotenoid biosynthetic process.
downregulation of carotenoid biosynthesis
down regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis
down-regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis
downregulation of carotenoid biosynthetic process
down regulation of carotenoid biosynthetic process
down-regulation of carotenoid biosynthetic process
inhibition of carotenoid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of carotenoid anabolism
negative regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis
negative regulation of carotenoid formation
negative regulation of carotenoid synthesis
negative regulation of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis.
downregulation of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis
down regulation of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis
down-regulation of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis
inhibition of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis
regulation of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell migration.
positive regulation of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis.
activation of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis
upregulation of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis
up regulation of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis
up-regulation of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis
regulation of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis.
positive regulation of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation.
activation of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation
upregulation of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation
up regulation of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation
up-regulation of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation
positive regulation of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis.
activation of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis
upregulation of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis
up regulation of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis
up-regulation of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis
negative regulation of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis.
downregulation of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis
down regulation of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis
down-regulation of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis
inhibition of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis
positive regulation of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis.
activation of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis
upregulation of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis
up regulation of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis
up-regulation of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis
negative regulation of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis.
downregulation of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis
down regulation of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis
down-regulation of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis
inhibition of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis
negative regulation of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation.
downregulation of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation
down regulation of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation
down-regulation of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation
inhibition of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation
regulation of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation.
positive regulation of transformation of host cell by virus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transformation of host cell by virus.
activation of transformation of host cell by virus
activation of viral transformation of host cell
positive regulation of viral transformation
positive regulation of viral transformation of host cell
upregulation of transformation of host cell by virus
up regulation of transformation of host cell by virus
up-regulation of transformation of host cell by virus
upregulation of viral transformation of host cell
up regulation of viral transformation of host cell
up-regulation of viral transformation of host cell
negative regulation of transformation of host cell by virus
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transformation of host cell by virus.
downregulation of transformation of host cell by virus
down regulation of transformation of host cell by virus
down-regulation of transformation of host cell by virus
downregulation of viral transformation of host cell
down regulation of viral transformation of host cell
down-regulation of viral transformation of host cell
inhibition of transformation of host cell by virus
inhibition of viral transformation of host cell
negative regulation of viral transformation
negative regulation of viral transformation of host cell
positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in meiotic nuclear division
Any positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity that is involved in meiotic nuclear division.
activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity involved in meiotic nuclear division
positive regulation of CDK activity involved in meiotic nuclear division
positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity involved in meiosis
stimulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity involved in meiotic nuclear division
upregulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity involved in meiotic nuclear division
up regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity involved in meiotic nuclear division
up-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity involved in meiotic nuclear division
equatorial microtubule organizing center assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an equatorial microtubule organizing center.
equatorial microtubule organising centre assembly
equatorial microtubule organising centre formation
equatorial microtubule organizing center formation
positive regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.
activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity
activation of pyruvic acid dehydrogenase activity
activation of pyruvic dehydrogenase activity
positive regulation of pyruvic acid dehydrogenase activity
positive regulation of pyruvic dehydrogenase activity
upregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity
up regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity
up-regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity
upregulation of pyruvic acid dehydrogenase activity
up regulation of pyruvic acid dehydrogenase activity
up-regulation of pyruvic acid dehydrogenase activity
upregulation of pyruvic dehydrogenase activity
up regulation of pyruvic dehydrogenase activity
up-regulation of pyruvic dehydrogenase activity
regulation of transformation of host cell by virus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transformation of host cell by virus.
regulation of viral transformation of host cell
post-anaphase microtubule array organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly ofa post-anaphase microtubule array.
post-anaphase microtubule array organisation
positive regulation of membrane depolarization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization.
up regulation of membrane depolarization
up-regulation of membrane depolarization
negative regulation of membrane depolarization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization.
downregulation of membrane depolarization
down regulation of membrane depolarization
down-regulation of membrane depolarization
negative regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.
downregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity
down regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity
down-regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity
downregulation of pyruvic acid dehydrogenase activity
down regulation of pyruvic acid dehydrogenase activity
down-regulation of pyruvic acid dehydrogenase activity
downregulation of pyruvic dehydrogenase activity
down regulation of pyruvic dehydrogenase activity
down-regulation of pyruvic dehydrogenase activity
inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity
inhibition of pyruvic acid dehydrogenase activity
inhibition of pyruvic dehydrogenase activity
negative regulation of pyruvic acid dehydrogenase activity
negative regulation of pyruvic dehydrogenase activity
regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.
regulation of pyruvic acid dehydrogenase activity
regulation of pyruvic dehydrogenase activity
regulation of adipose tissue development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development.
A protein complex which is capable of carbon phosphorus lyase activity.
positive regulation of adipose tissue development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development.
activation of adipose tissue development
upregulation of adipose tissue development
up regulation of adipose tissue development
up-regulation of adipose tissue development
negative regulation of adipose tissue development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development.
downregulation of adipose tissue development
down regulation of adipose tissue development
down-regulation of adipose tissue development
inhibition of adipose tissue development
obsolete regulation of histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific)
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly.
obsolete positive regulation of histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific)
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific).
obsolete negative regulation of histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific)
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific).
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly.
obsolete positive regulation of triglyceride homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of triglyceride homeostasis.
obsolete negative regulation of triglyceride homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of triglyceride homeostasis.
obsolete negative regulation of cholesterol homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol homeostasis.
DNA synthesis involved in UV-damage excision repair
Any DNA synthesis that is involved in UV-damage excision repair.
DNA synthesis during UV-damaged DNA endonuclease-dependent excision repair
DNA synthesis during UV-damage excision repair
DNA synthesis during UVDE-dependent excision repair
DNA synthesis involved in alternative excision repair
DNA synthesis involved in UV-damaged DNA endonuclease-dependent excision repair
DNA synthesis involved in UVDE-dependent excision repair
mitotic DNA repair synthesis involved in UV-damaged DNA endonuclease-dependent excision repair
mitotic DNA repair synthesis involved in UV-damage excision repair
mitotic DNA repair synthesis involved in UVDE-dependent excision repair
mitotic DNA repair synthesis involved in UVER
protein localization to chloroplast starch grain
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a chloroplast starch grain.
protein localisation in chloroplast starch grain
protein localisation to chloroplast starch grain
protein localization in chloroplast starch grain
obsolete regulation of triglyceride homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of triglyceride homeostasis.
obsolete 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity involved in UV-damage excision repair
OBSOLETE. Any 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity that is involved in UV-damage excision repair.
negative regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity.
downregulation of 3-oxosphinganine synthetase activity
down regulation of 3-oxosphinganine synthetase activity
down-regulation of 3-oxosphinganine synthetase activity
downregulation of acyl-CoA:serine C-2 acyltransferase decarboxylating
down regulation of acyl-CoA:serine C-2 acyltransferase decarboxylating
down-regulation of acyl-CoA:serine C-2 acyltransferase decarboxylating
downregulation of palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity
down regulation of palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity
down-regulation of palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity
downregulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity
down regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity
down-regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity
inhibition of 3-oxosphinganine synthetase activity
inhibition of acyl-CoA:serine C-2 acyltransferase decarboxylating
inhibition of palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity
inhibition of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity
negative regulation of 3-oxosphinganine synthetase activity
negative regulation of acyl-CoA:serine C-2 acyltransferase decarboxylating
negative regulation of palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity
regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity.
regulation of 3-oxosphinganine synthetase activity
regulation of acyl-CoA:serine C-2 acyltransferase decarboxylating
regulation of palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity
regulation of serine palmitoyltransferase
regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronosyltransferase activity.
regulation of 17beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of 17-beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of 17-OH steroid UDPGT activity
regulation of 1-naphthol glucuronyltransferase activity
regulation of 1-naphthol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of 3-OH androgenic UDPGT activity
regulation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of 4-methylumbelliferone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of 4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
regulation of 4-nitrophenol UDPGT activity
regulation of bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
regulation of bilirubin monoglucuronide glucuronyltransferase activity
regulation of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of bilirubin uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
regulation of ciramadol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
regulation of estriol UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of estrone UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of morphine glucuronyltransferase activity
regulation of phenyl-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of p-hydroxybiphenyl UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
regulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
regulation of p-nitrophenylglucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of p-phenylphenol glucuronyltransferase activity
regulation of UDPGA-glucuronyltransferase activity
regulation of UDPGA transferase activity
regulation of UDP-glucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of UDP-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific)
regulation of UDPglucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific) activity
regulation of UDP-glucuronate-bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
regulation of UDP glucuronate-estradiol-glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of UDP glucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of UDP glucuronic acid transferase activity
regulation of UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
regulation of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
regulation of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
regulation of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity
regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-1,2-diacylglycerol glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estradiol glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16-alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase activity
regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity.
activation of 3-oxosphinganine synthetase activity
activation of acyl-CoA:serine C-2 acyltransferase decarboxylating
activation of palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity
activation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity
positive regulation of 3-oxosphinganine synthetase activity
positive regulation of acyl-CoA:serine C-2 acyltransferase decarboxylating
positive regulation of palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity
upregulation of 3-oxosphinganine synthetase activity
up regulation of 3-oxosphinganine synthetase activity
up-regulation of 3-oxosphinganine synthetase activity
upregulation of acyl-CoA:serine C-2 acyltransferase decarboxylating
up regulation of acyl-CoA:serine C-2 acyltransferase decarboxylating
up-regulation of acyl-CoA:serine C-2 acyltransferase decarboxylating
upregulation of palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity
up regulation of palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity
up-regulation of palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity
upregulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity
up regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity
up-regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity
regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity.
regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol:L-serine 3-O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
regulation of CDPdiacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
regulation of CDP-diglyceride:serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
regulation of CDP-diglyceride-L-serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
regulation of CDPdiglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
regulation of CDP-diglycerine-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
regulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
regulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDPdiglyceride):L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
regulation of cytidine diphosphoglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
regulation of phosphatidylserine synthase activity
regulation of phosphatidylserine synthetase activity
positive regulation of protein import into chloroplast stroma
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein import into chloroplast stroma.
activation of chloroplast stroma protein import
activation of protein import into chloroplast stroma
activation of protein transport into chloroplast stroma
positive regulation of chloroplast stroma protein import
positive regulation of protein transport into chloroplast stroma
upregulation of chloroplast stroma protein import
up regulation of chloroplast stroma protein import
up-regulation of chloroplast stroma protein import
upregulation of protein import into chloroplast stroma
up regulation of protein import into chloroplast stroma
up-regulation of protein import into chloroplast stroma
upregulation of protein transport into chloroplast stroma
up regulation of protein transport into chloroplast stroma
up-regulation of protein transport into chloroplast stroma
positive regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity.
activation of CDP-diacylglycerol:L-serine 3-O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
activation of CDP-diacylglycerol-L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
activation of CDPdiacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
activation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
activation of CDP-diglyceride:serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
activation of CDP-diglyceride-L-serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
activation of CDPdiglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
activation of CDP-diglycerine-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
activation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
activation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDPdiglyceride):L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
activation of cytidine diphosphoglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
activation of phosphatidylserine synthase activity
activation of phosphatidylserine synthetase activity
positive regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol:L-serine 3-O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of CDPdiacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of CDP-diglyceride:serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of CDP-diglyceride-L-serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of CDPdiglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of CDP-diglycerine-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDPdiglyceride):L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of cytidine diphosphoglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of phosphatidylserine synthase activity
positive regulation of phosphatidylserine synthetase activity
positive regulation of PS synthase activity
upregulation of CDP-diacylglycerol:L-serine 3-O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol:L-serine 3-O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol:L-serine 3-O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
upregulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
upregulation of CDPdiacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
upregulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up regulation of CDPdiacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of CDPdiacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
upregulation of CDP-diglyceride:serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
up regulation of CDP-diglyceride:serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of CDP-diglyceride:serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
upregulation of CDP-diglyceride-L-serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
up regulation of CDP-diglyceride-L-serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of CDP-diglyceride-L-serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
upregulation of CDPdiglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up regulation of CDPdiglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of CDPdiglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
upregulation of CDP-diglycerine-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up regulation of CDP-diglycerine-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of CDP-diglycerine-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
upregulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up regulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
upregulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDPdiglyceride):L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up regulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDPdiglyceride):L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDPdiglyceride):L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
upregulation of cytidine diphosphoglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up regulation of cytidine diphosphoglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of cytidine diphosphoglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
upregulation of phosphatidylserine synthase activity
up regulation of phosphatidylserine synthase activity
up-regulation of phosphatidylserine synthase activity
upregulation of phosphatidylserine synthetase activity
up regulation of phosphatidylserine synthetase activity
up-regulation of phosphatidylserine synthetase activity
negative regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity.
downregulation of CDP-diacylglycerol:L-serine 3-O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol:L-serine 3-O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol:L-serine 3-O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
downregulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
downregulation of CDPdiacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
downregulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down regulation of CDPdiacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of CDPdiacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
downregulation of CDP-diglyceride:serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
down regulation of CDP-diglyceride:serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of CDP-diglyceride:serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
downregulation of CDP-diglyceride-L-serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
down regulation of CDP-diglyceride-L-serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of CDP-diglyceride-L-serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
downregulation of CDPdiglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down regulation of CDPdiglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of CDPdiglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
downregulation of CDP-diglycerine-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down regulation of CDP-diglycerine-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of CDP-diglycerine-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
downregulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down regulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
downregulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDPdiglyceride):L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down regulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDPdiglyceride):L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDPdiglyceride):L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
downregulation of cytidine diphosphoglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down regulation of cytidine diphosphoglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of cytidine diphosphoglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
downregulation of phosphatidylserine synthase activity
down regulation of phosphatidylserine synthase activity
down-regulation of phosphatidylserine synthase activity
downregulation of phosphatidylserine synthetase activity
down regulation of phosphatidylserine synthetase activity
down-regulation of phosphatidylserine synthetase activity
inhibition of CDP-diacylglycerol:L-serine 3-O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
inhibition of CDP-diacylglycerol-L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
inhibition of CDPdiacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
inhibition of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
inhibition of CDP-diglyceride:serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
inhibition of CDP-diglyceride-L-serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
inhibition of CDPdiglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
inhibition of CDP-diglycerine-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
inhibition of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
inhibition of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDPdiglyceride):L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
inhibition of cytidine diphosphoglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
inhibition of phosphatidylserine synthase activity
inhibition of phosphatidylserine synthetase activity
negative regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol:L-serine 3-O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of CDPdiacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of CDP-diglyceride:serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of CDP-diglyceride-L-serine phosphatidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of CDPdiglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of CDP-diglycerine-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of cytidine 5'-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDPdiglyceride):L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of cytidine diphosphoglyceride-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of phosphatidylserine synthase activity
negative regulation of phosphatidylserine synthetase activity
negative regulation of PS synthase activity
negative regulation of iodide transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.
downregulation of iodide transmembrane transport
down regulation of iodide transmembrane transport
down-regulation of iodide transmembrane transport
inhibition of iodide transmembrane transport
regulation of iodide transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.
regulation of protein import into chloroplast stroma
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein import into chloroplast stroma.
regulation of chloroplast stroma protein import
regulation of protein transport into chloroplast stroma
positive regulation of iodide transmembrane transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.
activation of iodide transmembrane transport
upregulation of iodide transmembrane transport
up regulation of iodide transmembrane transport
up-regulation of iodide transmembrane transport
membrane protein proteolysis involved in retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol
Any membrane protein proteolysis that is involved in retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.
intramembrane cleavage of ERAD substrate
intramembrane proteolysis involved in ERAD
membrane protein proteolysis involved in protein dislocation from ER
membrane protein proteolysis involved in protein retrotranslocation, ER to cytosol
membrane protein proteolysis involved in retrograde protein transport, endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol
VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex.
Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex assembly
Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex formation
VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex formation
negative regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
downregulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy
down regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy
down-regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy
inhibition of skeletal muscle hypertrophy
regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
positive regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
activation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy
upregulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy
up regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy
up-regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transport.
The process in which iodide is transported across a membrane.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transport.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transport.
positive regulation of granulosa cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell proliferation.
activation of granulosa cell proliferation
upregulation of granulosa cell proliferation
up regulation of granulosa cell proliferation
up-regulation of granulosa cell proliferation
negative regulation of granulosa cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell proliferation.
downregulation of granulosa cell proliferation
down regulation of granulosa cell proliferation
down-regulation of granulosa cell proliferation
inhibition of granulosa cell proliferation
positive regulation of regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization.
activation of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization
positive regulation of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization
upregulation of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization
up regulation of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization
up-regulation of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization
negative regulation of regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization.
downregulation of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization
down regulation of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization
down-regulation of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization
inhibition of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization
negative regulation of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization
negative regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process.
downregulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis
down regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis
down-regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis
downregulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process
down regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process
down-regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process
downregulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis
down regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis
down-regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis
downregulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process
down regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process
down-regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process
inhibition of cholangiocyte apoptotic process
inhibition of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis
inhibition of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process
negative regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis
negative regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis
negative regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process
regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process.
regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis
regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process
regulation of granulosa cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell proliferation.
positive regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process.
activation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process
activation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis
activation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process
positive regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis
positive regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis
positive regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process
up regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis
up-regulation of cholangiocyte apoptosis
upregulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process
up regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process
up-regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process
upregulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis
up regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis
up-regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptosis
upregulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process
up regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process
up-regulation of epithelial cell of bile duct apoptotic process
positive regulation of bile acid metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process.
activation of bile acid metabolic process
positive regulation of bile acid metabolism
upregulation of bile acid metabolic process
up regulation of bile acid metabolic process
up-regulation of bile acid metabolic process
negative regulation of bile acid metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process.
downregulation of bile acid metabolic process
down regulation of bile acid metabolic process
down-regulation of bile acid metabolic process
inhibition of bile acid metabolic process
negative regulation of bile acid metabolism
negative regulation of iron ion transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an iron transmembrane transporter activity.
downregulation of iron cation channel activity
down regulation of iron cation channel activity
down-regulation of iron cation channel activity
down regulation of iron channel activity
down-regulation of iron channel activity
downregulation of iron-specific channel activity
down regulation of iron-specific channel activity
down-regulation of iron-specific channel activity
inhibition of iron cation channel activity
inhibition of iron-specific channel activity
negative regulation of iron cation channel activity
negative regulation of iron channel activity
negative regulation of iron-specific channel activity
regulation of iron ion transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an iron transmembrane transporter activity.
regulation of iron cation channel activity
regulation of iron-specific channel activity
negative regulation of age-related resistance
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the extent of age-related resistance.
downregulation of adult seedling resistance
down regulation of adult seedling resistance
down-regulation of adult seedling resistance
downregulation of age-related resistance
down regulation of age-related resistance
down-regulation of age-related resistance
downregulation of flowering-induced resistance
down regulation of flowering-induced resistance
down-regulation of flowering-induced resistance
downregulation of mature seedling resistance
down regulation of mature seedling resistance
down-regulation of mature seedling resistance
downregulation of senescence-induced resistance
down regulation of senescence-induced resistance
down-regulation of senescence-induced resistance
inhibition of flowering-induced resistance
inhibition of mature seedling resistance
inhibition of senescence-induced resistance
negative regulation of adult seedling resistance
negative regulation of flowering-induced resistance
negative regulation of mature seedling resistance
negative regulation of senescence-induced resistance
Any process that modulates the extent of age-related resistance.
regulation of flowering-induced resistance
regulation of mature seedling resistance
regulation of senescence-induced resistance
regulation of bile acid metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process.
positive regulation of age-related resistance
Any process that activates or increases the extent of age-related resistance.
activation of flowering-induced resistance
activation of mature seedling resistance
activation of senescence-induced resistance
positive regulation of adult seedling resistance
positive regulation of flowering-induced resistance
positive regulation of mature seedling resistance
positive regulation of senescence-induced resistance
upregulation of adult seedling resistance
up regulation of adult seedling resistance
up-regulation of adult seedling resistance
upregulation of flowering-induced resistance
up regulation of flowering-induced resistance
up-regulation of flowering-induced resistance
upregulation of mature seedling resistance
up regulation of mature seedling resistance
up-regulation of mature seedling resistance
upregulation of senescence-induced resistance
up regulation of senescence-induced resistance
up-regulation of senescence-induced resistance
regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.
regulation of adenosine triphosphate:ribonucleic acid adenylyltransferase activity
regulation of AMP polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
regulation of ATP:polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
regulation of ATP:polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
regulation of ATP-polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
regulation of poly(A) hydrolase activity
regulation of poly(A) polymerase activity
regulation of poly(A) synthetase activity
regulation of polyadenylate nucleotidyltransferase activity
regulation of polyadenylate polymerase activity
regulation of polyadenylate synthetase activity
regulation of polyadenylic acid polymerase activity
regulation of polyadenylic polymerase activity
regulation of poly-A polymerase activity
regulation of RNA adenylating enzyme activity
regulation of RNA formation factors, PF1
regulation of terminal riboadenylate transferase activity
positive regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion.
activation of pancreatic trypsinogen release
activation of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion
positive regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen release
upregulation of pancreatic trypsinogen release
up regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen release
up-regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen release
upregulation of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion
up regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion
up-regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion
positive regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.
activation of adenosine triphosphate:ribonucleic acid adenylyltransferase activity
activation of AMP polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
activation of ATP:polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
activation of ATP:polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
activation of ATP-polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
activation of poly(A) hydrolase activity
activation of poly(A) polymerase activity
activation of poly(A) synthetase activity
activation of polyadenylate nucleotidyltransferase activity
activation of polyadenylate polymerase activity
activation of polyadenylate synthetase activity
activation of polyadenylic acid polymerase activity
activation of polyadenylic polymerase activity
activation of poly-A polymerase activity
activation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
activation of RNA adenylating enzyme activity
activation of RNA formation factors, PF1
activation of terminal riboadenylate transferase activity
positive regulation of adenosine triphosphate:ribonucleic acid adenylyltransferase activity
positive regulation of AMP polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
positive regulation of ATP:polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
positive regulation of ATP:polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
positive regulation of ATP-polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
positive regulation of NTP polymerase activity
positive regulation of poly(A) hydrolase activity
positive regulation of poly(A) polymerase activity
positive regulation of poly(A) synthetase activity
positive regulation of polyadenylate nucleotidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of polyadenylate polymerase activity
positive regulation of polyadenylate synthetase activity
positive regulation of polyadenylic acid polymerase activity
positive regulation of polyadenylic polymerase activity
positive regulation of poly-A polymerase activity
positive regulation of RNA adenylating enzyme activity
positive regulation of RNA formation factors, PF1
positive regulation of terminal riboadenylate transferase activity
upregulation of adenosine triphosphate:ribonucleic acid adenylyltransferase activity
up regulation of adenosine triphosphate:ribonucleic acid adenylyltransferase activity
up-regulation of adenosine triphosphate:ribonucleic acid adenylyltransferase activity
upregulation of AMP polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
up regulation of AMP polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
up-regulation of AMP polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
upregulation of ATP:polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
up regulation of ATP:polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
up-regulation of ATP:polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
upregulation of ATP:polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
up regulation of ATP:polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
up-regulation of ATP:polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
upregulation of ATP-polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
up regulation of ATP-polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
up-regulation of ATP-polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
up regulation of NTP polymerase activity
up-regulation of NTP polymerase activity
upregulation of poly(A) hydrolase activity
up regulation of poly(A) hydrolase activity
up-regulation of poly(A) hydrolase activity
upregulation of poly(A) polymerase activity
up regulation of poly(A) polymerase activity
up-regulation of poly(A) polymerase activity
upregulation of poly(A) synthetase activity
up regulation of poly(A) synthetase activity
up-regulation of poly(A) synthetase activity
upregulation of polyadenylate nucleotidyltransferase activity
up regulation of polyadenylate nucleotidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of polyadenylate nucleotidyltransferase activity
upregulation of polyadenylate polymerase activity
up regulation of polyadenylate polymerase activity
up-regulation of polyadenylate polymerase activity
upregulation of polyadenylate synthetase activity
up regulation of polyadenylate synthetase activity
up-regulation of polyadenylate synthetase activity
upregulation of polyadenylic acid polymerase activity
up regulation of polyadenylic acid polymerase activity
up-regulation of polyadenylic acid polymerase activity
upregulation of polyadenylic polymerase activity
up regulation of polyadenylic polymerase activity
up-regulation of polyadenylic polymerase activity
upregulation of poly-A polymerase activity
up regulation of poly-A polymerase activity
up-regulation of poly-A polymerase activity
upregulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
up regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
up-regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
upregulation of RNA adenylating enzyme activity
up regulation of RNA adenylating enzyme activity
up-regulation of RNA adenylating enzyme activity
upregulation of RNA formation factors, PF1
up regulation of RNA formation factors, PF1
up-regulation of RNA formation factors, PF1
upregulation of terminal riboadenylate transferase activity
up regulation of terminal riboadenylate transferase activity
up-regulation of terminal riboadenylate transferase activity
negative regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.
downregulation of adenosine triphosphate:ribonucleic acid adenylyltransferase activity
down regulation of adenosine triphosphate:ribonucleic acid adenylyltransferase activity
down-regulation of adenosine triphosphate:ribonucleic acid adenylyltransferase activity
downregulation of AMP polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
down regulation of AMP polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
down-regulation of AMP polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
downregulation of ATP:polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
down regulation of ATP:polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
down-regulation of ATP:polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
downregulation of ATP:polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
down regulation of ATP:polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
down-regulation of ATP:polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
downregulation of ATP-polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
down regulation of ATP-polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
down-regulation of ATP-polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
downregulation of NTP polymerase activity
down regulation of NTP polymerase activity
down-regulation of NTP polymerase activity
downregulation of poly(A) hydrolase activity
down regulation of poly(A) hydrolase activity
down-regulation of poly(A) hydrolase activity
downregulation of poly(A) polymerase activity
down regulation of poly(A) polymerase activity
down-regulation of poly(A) polymerase activity
downregulation of poly(A) synthetase activity
down regulation of poly(A) synthetase activity
down-regulation of poly(A) synthetase activity
downregulation of polyadenylate nucleotidyltransferase activity
down regulation of polyadenylate nucleotidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of polyadenylate nucleotidyltransferase activity
downregulation of polyadenylate polymerase activity
down regulation of polyadenylate polymerase activity
down-regulation of polyadenylate polymerase activity
downregulation of polyadenylate synthetase activity
down regulation of polyadenylate synthetase activity
down-regulation of polyadenylate synthetase activity
downregulation of polyadenylic acid polymerase activity
down regulation of polyadenylic acid polymerase activity
down-regulation of polyadenylic acid polymerase activity
downregulation of polyadenylic polymerase activity
down regulation of polyadenylic polymerase activity
down-regulation of polyadenylic polymerase activity
downregulation of poly-A polymerase activity
down regulation of poly-A polymerase activity
down-regulation of poly-A polymerase activity
downregulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
down regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
down-regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
downregulation of RNA adenylating enzyme activity
down regulation of RNA adenylating enzyme activity
down-regulation of RNA adenylating enzyme activity
downregulation of RNA formation factors, PF1
down regulation of RNA formation factors, PF1
down-regulation of RNA formation factors, PF1
downregulation of terminal riboadenylate transferase activity
down regulation of terminal riboadenylate transferase activity
down-regulation of terminal riboadenylate transferase activity
inhibition of adenosine triphosphate:ribonucleic acid adenylyltransferase activity
inhibition of AMP polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
inhibition of ATP:polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
inhibition of ATP:polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
inhibition of ATP-polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
inhibition of poly(A) hydrolase activity
inhibition of poly(A) polymerase activity
inhibition of poly(A) synthetase activity
inhibition of polyadenylate nucleotidyltransferase activity
inhibition of polyadenylate polymerase activity
inhibition of polyadenylate synthetase activity
inhibition of polyadenylic acid polymerase activity
inhibition of polyadenylic polymerase activity
inhibition of poly-A polymerase activity
inhibition of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
inhibition of RNA adenylating enzyme activity
inhibition of RNA formation factors, PF1
inhibition of terminal riboadenylate transferase activity
negative regulation of adenosine triphosphate:ribonucleic acid adenylyltransferase activity
negative regulation of AMP polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
negative regulation of ATP:polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
negative regulation of ATP:polynucleotidylexotransferase activity
negative regulation of ATP-polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
negative regulation of NTP polymerase activity
negative regulation of poly(A) hydrolase activity
negative regulation of poly(A) polymerase activity
negative regulation of poly(A) synthetase activity
negative regulation of polyadenylate nucleotidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of polyadenylate polymerase activity
negative regulation of polyadenylate synthetase activity
negative regulation of polyadenylic acid polymerase activity
negative regulation of polyadenylic polymerase activity
negative regulation of poly-A polymerase activity
negative regulation of RNA adenylating enzyme activity
negative regulation of RNA formation factors, PF1
negative regulation of terminal riboadenylate transferase activity
positive regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly.
activation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex assembly
activation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex formation
activation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex assembly
activation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex formation
activation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly
activation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex formation
positive regulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex assembly
positive regulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex formation
positive regulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex assembly
positive regulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex formation
positive regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex formation
upregulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex assembly
up regulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex assembly
up-regulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex assembly
upregulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex formation
up regulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex formation
up-regulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex formation
upregulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex assembly
up regulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex assembly
up-regulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex assembly
upregulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex formation
up regulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex formation
up-regulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex formation
upregulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly
up regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly
up-regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly
upregulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex formation
up regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex formation
up-regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex formation
negative regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly.
downregulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex assembly
down regulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex assembly
down-regulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex assembly
downregulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex formation
down regulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex formation
down-regulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex formation
downregulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex assembly
down regulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex assembly
down-regulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex assembly
downregulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex formation
down regulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex formation
down-regulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex formation
downregulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly
down regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly
down-regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly
downregulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex formation
down regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex formation
down-regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex formation
inhibition of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex assembly
inhibition of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex formation
inhibition of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex assembly
inhibition of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex formation
inhibition of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly
inhibition of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex formation
negative regulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex assembly
negative regulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex formation
negative regulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex assembly
negative regulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex formation
negative regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex formation
negative regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion.
downregulation of pancreatic trypsinogen release
down regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen release
down-regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen release
downregulation of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion
down regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion
down-regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion
inhibition of pancreatic trypsinogen release
inhibition of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion
negative regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen release
regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion.
regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen release
positive regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.
activation of substrate-bound cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
activation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
positive regulation of substrate-bound cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
upregulation of substrate-bound cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
up regulation of substrate-bound cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
up-regulation of substrate-bound cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
upregulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
up regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
up-regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
negative regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.
downregulation of substrate-bound cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
down regulation of substrate-bound cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
down-regulation of substrate-bound cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
downregulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
down regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
down-regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
inhibition of substrate-bound cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
inhibition of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
negative regulation of substrate-bound cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly.
regulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex assembly
regulation of Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex formation
regulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex assembly
regulation of p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex formation
regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex formation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pericyte cell.
negative regulation of aconitate hydratase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aconitate hydratase activity.
downregulation of aconitate hydratase activity
down regulation of aconitate hydratase activity
down-regulation of aconitate hydratase activity
downregulation of cis-aconitase activity
down regulation of cis-aconitase activity
down-regulation of cis-aconitase activity
downregulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming)
down regulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming)
down-regulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming)
downregulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase activity
down regulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase activity
down-regulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase activity
inhibition of aconitate hydratase activity
inhibition of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming)
inhibition of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase activity
negative regulation of aconitase activity
negative regulation of cis-aconitase activity
negative regulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming)
negative regulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase activity
regulation of aconitate hydratase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aconitate hydratase activity.
regulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming)
regulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase activity
regulation of citrate hydro-lyase activity
regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.
regulation of substrate-bound cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
positive regulation of aconitate hydratase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aconitate hydratase activity.
activation of aconitate hydratase activity
activation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming)
activation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase activity
positive regulation of aconitase activity
positive regulation of cis-aconitase activity
positive regulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming)
positive regulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase activity
upregulation of aconitate hydratase activity
up regulation of aconitate hydratase activity
up-regulation of aconitate hydratase activity
upregulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming)
up regulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming)
up-regulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming)
upregulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase activity
up regulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase activity
up-regulation of citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase activity
regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.
regulation of fumarate dehydrogenase activity
regulation of fumarate reductase activity
regulation of fumaric hydrogenase activity
regulation of succinate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
regulation of succinate:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
regulation of succinate oxidoreductase activity
regulation of succinic acid dehydrogenase activity
regulation of succinic dehydrogenase activity
regulation of succinodehydrogenase activity
regulation of succinyl dehydrogenase activity
positive regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate.
activation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate
upregulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate
up regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate
up-regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate
positive regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.
activation of fumarate dehydrogenase activity
activation of fumarate reductase activity
activation of fumaric hydrogenase activity
activation of succinate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
activation of succinate:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
activation of succinate dehydrogenase activity
activation of succinate oxidoreductase activity
activation of succinic acid dehydrogenase activity
activation of succinodehydrogenase activity
activation of succinyl dehydrogenase activity
positive regulation of fumarate dehydrogenase activity
positive regulation of fumarate reductase activity
positive regulation of fumaric hydrogenase activity
positive regulation of succinate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of succinate:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of succinate oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of succinic acid dehydrogenase activity
positive regulation of succinodehydrogenase activity
positive regulation of succinyl dehydrogenase activity
upregulation of fumarate dehydrogenase activity
up regulation of fumarate dehydrogenase activity
up-regulation of fumarate dehydrogenase activity
upregulation of fumarate reductase activity
up regulation of fumarate reductase activity
up-regulation of fumarate reductase activity
upregulation of fumaric hydrogenase activity
up regulation of fumaric hydrogenase activity
up-regulation of fumaric hydrogenase activity
upregulation of succinate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of succinate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of succinate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
upregulation of succinate:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of succinate:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of succinate:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
upregulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity
up regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity
up-regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity
upregulation of succinate oxidoreductase activity
up regulation of succinate oxidoreductase activity
up-regulation of succinate oxidoreductase activity
upregulation of succinic acid dehydrogenase activity
up regulation of succinic acid dehydrogenase activity
up-regulation of succinic acid dehydrogenase activity
upregulation of succinodehydrogenase activity
up regulation of succinodehydrogenase activity
up-regulation of succinodehydrogenase activity
upregulation of succinyl dehydrogenase activity
up regulation of succinyl dehydrogenase activity
up-regulation of succinyl dehydrogenase activity
negative regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.
downregulation of fumarate dehydrogenase activity
down regulation of fumarate dehydrogenase activity
down-regulation of fumarate dehydrogenase activity
downregulation of fumarate reductase activity
down regulation of fumarate reductase activity
down-regulation of fumarate reductase activity
downregulation of fumaric hydrogenase activity
down regulation of fumaric hydrogenase activity
down-regulation of fumaric hydrogenase activity
downregulation of succinate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of succinate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of succinate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of succinate:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of succinate:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of succinate:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity
down regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity
down-regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity
downregulation of succinate oxidoreductase activity
down regulation of succinate oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of succinate oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of succinic acid dehydrogenase activity
down regulation of succinic acid dehydrogenase activity
down-regulation of succinic acid dehydrogenase activity
downregulation of succinodehydrogenase activity
down regulation of succinodehydrogenase activity
down-regulation of succinodehydrogenase activity
downregulation of succinyl dehydrogenase activity
down regulation of succinyl dehydrogenase activity
down-regulation of succinyl dehydrogenase activity
inhibition of fumarate dehydrogenase activity
inhibition of fumarate reductase activity
inhibition of fumaric hydrogenase activity
inhibition of succinate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of succinate:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase activity
inhibition of succinate oxidoreductase activity
inhibition of succinic acid dehydrogenase activity
inhibition of succinodehydrogenase activity
inhibition of succinyl dehydrogenase activity
negative regulation of fumarate dehydrogenase activity
negative regulation of fumarate reductase activity
negative regulation of fumaric hydrogenase activity
negative regulation of succinate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of succinate:acceptor oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of succinate oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of succinic acid dehydrogenase activity
negative regulation of succinodehydrogenase activity
negative regulation of succinyl dehydrogenase activity
positive regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronosyltransferase activity.
activation of 17beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of 17-beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of 17-OH steroid UDPGT activity
activation of 1-naphthol glucuronyltransferase activity
activation of 1-naphthol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of 3-OH androgenic UDPGT activity
activation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of 4-methylumbelliferone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of 4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
activation of 4-nitrophenol UDPGT activity
activation of bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
activation of bilirubin monoglucuronide glucuronyltransferase activity
activation of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of bilirubin uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
activation of ciramadol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
activation of estriol UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of estrone UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of morphine glucuronyltransferase activity
activation of phenyl-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of p-hydroxybiphenyl UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
activation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
activation of p-nitrophenylglucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of p-phenylphenol glucuronyltransferase activity
activation of UDPGA-glucuronyltransferase activity
activation of UDPGA transferase activity
activation of UDP-glucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of UDP-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific)
activation of UDPglucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific) activity
activation of UDP-glucuronate-bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
activation of UDP glucuronate-estradiol-glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of UDP glucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of UDP glucuronic acid transferase activity
activation of UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
activation of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
activation of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
activation of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity
activation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-1,2-diacylglycerol glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estradiol glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16-alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase activity
activation of uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of 17beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of 17-beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of 17-OH steroid UDPGT activity
positive regulation of 1-naphthol glucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of 1-naphthol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of 3-OH androgenic UDPGT activity
positive regulation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of 4-methylumbelliferone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of 4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of 4-nitrophenol UDPGT activity
positive regulation of bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of bilirubin monoglucuronide glucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of bilirubin UDPGT activity
positive regulation of bilirubin uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of ciramadol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of estriol UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of estrone UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of morphine glucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of phenyl-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of p-hydroxybiphenyl UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of p-nitrophenylglucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of pnp-UDPGT activity
positive regulation of p-phenylphenol glucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of UDPGA-glucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of UDPGA transferase activity
positive regulation of UDP-glucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of UDP-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific)
positive regulation of UDPglucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific) activity
positive regulation of UDP-glucuronate-bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of UDP glucuronate-estradiol-glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of UDP glucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of UDP glucuronic acid transferase activity
positive regulation of UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity
positive regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-1,2-diacylglycerol glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estradiol glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16-alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of 17beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of 17-beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of 17beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of 17-beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of 17beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of 17-beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of 17-OH steroid UDPGT activity
up regulation of 17-OH steroid UDPGT activity
up-regulation of 17-OH steroid UDPGT activity
upregulation of 1-naphthol glucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of 1-naphthol glucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of 1-naphthol glucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of 1-naphthol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of 1-naphthol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of 1-naphthol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of 3-OH androgenic UDPGT activity
up regulation of 3-OH androgenic UDPGT activity
up-regulation of 3-OH androgenic UDPGT activity
upregulation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of 4-methylumbelliferone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of 4-methylumbelliferone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of 4-methylumbelliferone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of 4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of 4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of 4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of 4-nitrophenol UDPGT activity
up regulation of 4-nitrophenol UDPGT activity
up-regulation of 4-nitrophenol UDPGT activity
upregulation of bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of bilirubin monoglucuronide glucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of bilirubin monoglucuronide glucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of bilirubin monoglucuronide glucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of bilirubin UDPGT activity
up regulation of bilirubin UDPGT activity
up-regulation of bilirubin UDPGT activity
upregulation of bilirubin uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of bilirubin uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of bilirubin uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of ciramadol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of ciramadol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of ciramadol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of estriol UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of estriol UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of estriol UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of estrone UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of estrone UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of estrone UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of morphine glucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of morphine glucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of morphine glucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of phenyl-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of phenyl-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of phenyl-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of p-hydroxybiphenyl UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of p-hydroxybiphenyl UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of p-hydroxybiphenyl UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of p-nitrophenylglucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of p-nitrophenylglucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of p-nitrophenylglucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of p-phenylphenol glucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of p-phenylphenol glucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of p-phenylphenol glucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of UDPGA-glucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of UDPGA-glucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of UDPGA-glucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of UDPGA transferase activity
up regulation of UDPGA transferase activity
up-regulation of UDPGA transferase activity
upregulation of UDP-glucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of UDP-glucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of UDP-glucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of UDP-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific)
up regulation of UDP-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific)
up-regulation of UDP-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific)
upregulation of UDPglucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific) activity
up regulation of UDPglucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific) activity
up-regulation of UDPglucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific) activity
upregulation of UDP-glucuronate-bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of UDP-glucuronate-bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of UDP-glucuronate-bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of UDP glucuronate-estradiol-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of UDP glucuronate-estradiol-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of UDP glucuronate-estradiol-glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of UDP glucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of UDP glucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of UDP glucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of UDP glucuronic acid transferase activity
up regulation of UDP glucuronic acid transferase activity
up-regulation of UDP glucuronic acid transferase activity
upregulation of UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity
upregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-1,2-diacylglycerol glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-1,2-diacylglycerol glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-1,2-diacylglycerol glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estradiol glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estradiol glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estradiol glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16-alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16-alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16-alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase activity
up regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase activity
upregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
up regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
up-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronosyltransferase activity.
downregulation of 17beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of 17-beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of 17beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of 17-beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of 17beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of 17-beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of 17-OH steroid UDPGT activity
down regulation of 17-OH steroid UDPGT activity
down-regulation of 17-OH steroid UDPGT activity
downregulation of 1-naphthol glucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of 1-naphthol glucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of 1-naphthol glucuronyltransferase activity
downregulation of 1-naphthol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of 1-naphthol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of 1-naphthol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of 3-OH androgenic UDPGT activity
down regulation of 3-OH androgenic UDPGT activity
down-regulation of 3-OH androgenic UDPGT activity
downregulation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of 4-methylumbelliferone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of 4-methylumbelliferone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of 4-methylumbelliferone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of 4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of 4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of 4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
downregulation of 4-nitrophenol UDPGT activity
down regulation of 4-nitrophenol UDPGT activity
down-regulation of 4-nitrophenol UDPGT activity
downregulation of bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
downregulation of bilirubin monoglucuronide glucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of bilirubin monoglucuronide glucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of bilirubin monoglucuronide glucuronyltransferase activity
downregulation of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of bilirubin UDPGT activity
down regulation of bilirubin UDPGT activity
down-regulation of bilirubin UDPGT activity
downregulation of bilirubin uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of bilirubin uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of bilirubin uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
downregulation of ciramadol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of ciramadol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of ciramadol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
downregulation of estriol UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of estriol UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of estriol UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of estrone UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of estrone UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of estrone UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of morphine glucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of morphine glucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of morphine glucuronyltransferase activity
downregulation of phenyl-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of phenyl-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of phenyl-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of p-hydroxybiphenyl UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of p-hydroxybiphenyl UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of p-hydroxybiphenyl UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
downregulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
downregulation of p-nitrophenylglucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of p-nitrophenylglucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of p-nitrophenylglucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of p-phenylphenol glucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of p-phenylphenol glucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of p-phenylphenol glucuronyltransferase activity
downregulation of UDPGA-glucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of UDPGA-glucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of UDPGA-glucuronyltransferase activity
downregulation of UDPGA transferase activity
down regulation of UDPGA transferase activity
down-regulation of UDPGA transferase activity
downregulation of UDP-glucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of UDP-glucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of UDP-glucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of UDP-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific)
down regulation of UDP-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific)
down-regulation of UDP-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific)
downregulation of UDPglucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific) activity
down regulation of UDPglucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific) activity
down-regulation of UDPglucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific) activity
downregulation of UDP-glucuronate-bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of UDP-glucuronate-bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of UDP-glucuronate-bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
downregulation of UDP glucuronate-estradiol-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of UDP glucuronate-estradiol-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of UDP glucuronate-estradiol-glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of UDP glucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of UDP glucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of UDP glucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of UDP glucuronic acid transferase activity
down regulation of UDP glucuronic acid transferase activity
down-regulation of UDP glucuronic acid transferase activity
downregulation of UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
downregulation of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
downregulation of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
downregulation of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity
downregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-1,2-diacylglycerol glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-1,2-diacylglycerol glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-1,2-diacylglycerol glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estradiol glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estradiol glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estradiol glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16-alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16-alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16-alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase activity
down regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase activity
downregulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
down regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
down-regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of 17beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of 17-beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of 17-OH steroid UDPGT activity
inhibition of 1-naphthol glucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of 1-naphthol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of 3-OH androgenic UDPGT activity
inhibition of 4-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of 4-methylumbelliferone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of 4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of 4-nitrophenol UDPGT activity
inhibition of bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of bilirubin monoglucuronide glucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of bilirubin uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of ciramadol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of estriol UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of estrone UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of morphine glucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of phenyl-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of p-hydroxybiphenyl UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of p-nitrophenylglucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of p-phenylphenol glucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of UDPGA-glucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of UDPGA transferase activity
inhibition of UDP-glucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of UDP-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific)
inhibition of UDPglucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific) activity
inhibition of UDP-glucuronate-bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of UDP glucuronate-estradiol-glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of UDP glucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of UDP glucuronic acid transferase activity
inhibition of UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity
inhibition of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-1,2-diacylglycerol glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estradiol glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16-alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase activity
inhibition of uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of 17beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of 17-beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of 17-OH steroid UDPGT activity
negative regulation of 1-naphthol glucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of 1-naphthol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of 3-OH androgenic UDPGT activity
negative regulation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of 4-methylumbelliferone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of 4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of 4-nitrophenol UDPGT activity
negative regulation of bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of bilirubin monoglucuronide glucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of bilirubin UDPGT activity
negative regulation of bilirubin uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of ciramadol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of estriol UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of estrone UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of morphine glucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of phenyl-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of p-hydroxybiphenyl UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of p-nitrophenylglucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of pnp-UDPGT activity
negative regulation of p-phenylphenol glucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of UDPGA-glucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of UDPGA transferase activity
negative regulation of UDP-glucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of UDP-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific)
negative regulation of UDPglucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific) activity
negative regulation of UDP-glucuronate-bilirubin glucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of UDP glucuronate-estradiol-glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of UDP glucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of UDP glucuronic acid transferase activity
negative regulation of UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of UDP glucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-1,2-diacylglycerol glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estradiol glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16-alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activity
negative regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate.
downregulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate
down regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate
down-regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate
inhibition of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate
regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate.
regulation of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage.
positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.
activation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
activation of endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
positive regulation of endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
upregulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
up regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
upregulation of endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
up regulation of endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
up-regulation of endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
positive regulation of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage.
activation of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage
stimulation of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage
upregulation of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage
up regulation of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage
up-regulation of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage
negative regulation of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage.
downregulation of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage
down regulation of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage
down-regulation of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage
inhibition of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase V
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase V.
activation of transcription from RNA pol V promoter
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter
positive regulation of transcription from RNA pol V promoter
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter
upregulation of transcription from RNA pol V promoter
up regulation of transcription from RNA pol V promoter
up-regulation of transcription from RNA pol V promoter
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter
up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase V
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase V.
downregulation of transcription from RNA pol V promoter
down regulation of transcription from RNA pol V promoter
down-regulation of transcription from RNA pol V promoter
downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter
down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter
down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter
inhibition of transcription from RNA pol V promoter
inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter
negative regulation of transcription from RNA pol V promoter
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter
negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.
downregulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
down regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
downregulation of endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
down regulation of endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
down-regulation of endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
inhibition of endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
negative regulation of endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.
regulation of antigen presentation, endogenous peptide antigen
regulation of antigen processing, endogenous antigen via major histocompatibility complex class I
regulation of antigen processing, endogenous antigen via MHC class I
regulation of endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
negative regulation of wax biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.
downregulation of wax biosynthetic process
down regulation of wax biosynthetic process
down-regulation of wax biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase V
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase V.
regulation of transcription from RNA pol V promoter
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter
positive regulation of wax biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.
upregulation of wax biosynthetic process
up regulation of wax biosynthetic process
up-regulation of wax biosynthetic process
The directed import of L-alanine from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
L-tryptophan import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of L-tryptophan from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The disaggregation of a tricellular tight junction into its constituent components.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tricellular tight junction.
The cell cortex of the leading edge of a cell.
peripheral cytoplasm of cell leading edge
peripheral cytoplasm of leading edge of cell
positive regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell chemotaxis.
up regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis
up-regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis
The directed movement of L-proline from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pyroptosome complex.
negative regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell chemotaxis.
downregulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis
down regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis
down-regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell chemotaxis.
positive regulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.
activation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis
upregulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis
up regulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis
up-regulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis
negative regulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.
downregulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis
down regulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis
down-regulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis
inhibition of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TORC1 signaling.
positive regulation of TORC1 signal transduction
upregulation of TORC1 signal transduction
up regulation of TORC1 signal transduction
up-regulation of TORC1 signal transduction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TORC1 signaling.
downregulation of TORC1 signal transduction
down regulation of TORC1 signal transduction
down-regulation of TORC1 signal transduction
negative regulation of TORC1 signal transduction
The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol across the Golgi membrane into the Golgi lumen.
cytosol to Golgi apparatus zinc transport
zinc II ion import across Golgi membrane
positive regulation of iron ion transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an iron transmembrane transporter activity.
activation of iron cation channel activity
activation of iron-specific channel activity
positive regulation of iron cation channel activity
positive regulation of iron channel activity
positive regulation of iron-specific channel activity
positive regulation of iron transmembrane transporter activity
upregulation of iron cation channel activity
up regulation of iron cation channel activity
up-regulation of iron cation channel activity
upregulation of iron-specific channel activity
up regulation of iron-specific channel activity
up-regulation of iron-specific channel activity
regulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear dicing body.
cellular response to 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine stimulus.
cellular response to platelet-activating factor
response to 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine stimulus.
negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition.
downregulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
down regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
down-regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
downregulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination
down regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination
down-regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination
downregulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
down regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
down-regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
inhibition of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
inhibition of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination
inhibition of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination
negative regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition.
regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination
regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
response to methamphetamine hydrochloride
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methamphetamine hydrochloride stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gold(3+) stimulus.
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
Any transmitter-gated ion channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.
ionotropic neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
ionotropic neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of post-synaptic membrane potential
transmitter-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
cellular response to methamphetamine hydrochloride
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methamphetamine hydrochloride stimulus.
cellular response to methamphetamine HCL
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cordycepin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desipramine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gold(3+) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cordycepin stimulus.
negative regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction.
downregulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction
down regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction
down-regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction
inhibition of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction
regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desipramine stimulus.
positive regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction.
activation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction
upregulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction
up regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction
up-regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction
regulation of maternal process involved in parturition
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maternal process involved in parturition.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcytosis.
positive regulation of maternal process involved in parturition
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maternal process involved in parturition.
activation of maternal process involved in parturition
upregulation of maternal process involved in parturition
up regulation of maternal process involved in parturition
up-regulation of maternal process involved in parturition
negative regulation of maternal process involved in parturition
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maternal process involved in parturition.
downregulation of maternal process involved in parturition
down regulation of maternal process involved in parturition
down-regulation of maternal process involved in parturition
inhibition of maternal process involved in parturition
positive regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.
activation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity
upregulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity
up regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity
up-regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity
negative regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.
downregulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity
down regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity
down-regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity
inhibition of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcytosis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcytosis.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ERAD pathway.
downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
down regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
down-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
down regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
down-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
downregulation of ER-associated degradation pathway
down regulation of ER-associated degradation pathway
down-regulation of ER-associated degradation pathway
inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
inhibition of ER-associated degradation pathway
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
negative regulation of ER-associated degradation pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ERAD pathway.
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
regulation of ER-associated degradation pathway
regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ERAD pathway.
activation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
activation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
activation of ER-associated degradation pathway
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
positive regulation of ER-associated degradation pathway
upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
up regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
up regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
upregulation of ER-associated degradation pathway
up regulation of ER-associated degradation pathway
up-regulation of ER-associated degradation pathway
regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.
positive regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.
activation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
upregulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
up regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
up-regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
negative regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.
downregulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
down regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
down-regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
inhibition of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
positive regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction.
activation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction
upregulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction
up regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction
up-regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction
negative regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction.
downregulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction
down regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction
down-regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction
inhibition of small intestine smooth muscle contraction
negative regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole.
downregulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole
down regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole
down-regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole
downregulation of vacuolar protein breakdown
down regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown
down-regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown
downregulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process
down regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process
down-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process
downregulation of vacuolar protein catabolism
down regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism
down-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism
downregulation of vacuolar protein degradation
down regulation of vacuolar protein degradation
down-regulation of vacuolar protein degradation
inhibition of protein catabolic process in the vacuole
inhibition of vacuolar protein breakdown
inhibition of vacuolar protein catabolic process
inhibition of vacuolar protein catabolism
inhibition of vacuolar protein degradation
negative regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown
negative regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process
negative regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism
negative regulation of vacuolar protein degradation
regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole.
regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown
regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process
regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism
regulation of vacuolar protein degradation
negative regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation.
downregulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation
down regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation
down-regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation
downregulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation
down regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation
down-regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation
inhibition of gastric mucosal blood circulation
inhibition of stomach mucosal blood circulation
negative regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation
regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation.
regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation
regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction.
positive regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation.
activation of gastric mucosal blood circulation
activation of stomach mucosal blood circulation
positive regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation
upregulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation
up regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation
up-regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation
upregulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation
up regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation
up-regulation of stomach mucosal blood circulation
regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.
positive regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
activation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation
upregulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up-regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation
positive regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.
activation of colon smooth muscle contraction
upregulation of colon smooth muscle contraction
up regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction
up-regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction
negative regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.
downregulation of colon smooth muscle contraction
down regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction
down-regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction
inhibition of colon smooth muscle contraction
positive regulation of ductus arteriosus closure
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ductus arteriosus closure.
upregulation of ductus arteriosus closure
up regulation of ductus arteriosus closure
up-regulation of ductus arteriosus closure
negative regulation of ductus arteriosus closure
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ductus arteriosus closure.
downregulation of ductus arteriosus closure
down regulation of ductus arteriosus closure
down-regulation of ductus arteriosus closure
negative regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
downregulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down-regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation
inhibition of dopaminergic neuron differentiation
regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
positive regulation of error-prone translesion synthesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of error-prone translesion synthesis.
activation of error-prone postreplication DNA repair
activation of error-prone translesion synthesis
activation of mutagenic postreplication DNA repair
positive regulation of error-prone postreplication DNA repair
positive regulation of mutagenic postreplication DNA repair
upregulation of error-prone postreplication DNA repair
up regulation of error-prone postreplication DNA repair
up-regulation of error-prone postreplication DNA repair
upregulation of error-prone translesion synthesis
up regulation of error-prone translesion synthesis
up-regulation of error-prone translesion synthesis
upregulation of mutagenic postreplication DNA repair
up regulation of mutagenic postreplication DNA repair
up-regulation of mutagenic postreplication DNA repair
negative regulation of error-prone translesion synthesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of error-prone translesion synthesis.
downregulation of error-prone postreplication DNA repair
down regulation of error-prone postreplication DNA repair
down-regulation of error-prone postreplication DNA repair
downregulation of error-prone translesion synthesis
down regulation of error-prone translesion synthesis
down-regulation of error-prone translesion synthesis
downregulation of mutagenic postreplication DNA repair
down regulation of mutagenic postreplication DNA repair
down-regulation of mutagenic postreplication DNA repair
inhibition of error-prone postreplication DNA repair
inhibition of error-prone translesion synthesis
inhibition of mutagenic postreplication DNA repair
negative regulation of error-prone postreplication DNA repair
negative regulation of mutagenic postreplication DNA repair
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ductus arteriosus closure.
The directed movement of heme from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
negative regulation of myofibroblast contraction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction.
downregulation of myofibroblast contraction
down regulation of myofibroblast contraction
down-regulation of myofibroblast contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction.
regulation of error-prone translesion synthesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of error-prone translesion synthesis.
regulation of error-prone postreplication DNA repair
regulation of mutagenic postreplication DNA repair
positive regulation of myofibroblast contraction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction.
upregulation of myofibroblast contraction
up regulation of myofibroblast contraction
up-regulation of myofibroblast contraction
positive regulation of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation.
activation of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation
positive regulation of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation
upregulation of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation
up regulation of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation
up-regulation of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation
negative regulation of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation.
downregulation of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation
down regulation of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation
down-regulation of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation
inhibition of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation
negative regulation of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation
protein localization to cytosolic proteasome complex
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytosolic proteasome complex.
protein localisation in cytosolic proteasome complex
protein localisation to cytosolic proteasome complex
protein localization in cytosolic proteasome complex
negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness.
downregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness
down regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness
down-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness
inhibition of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a forskolin stimulus.
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition.
activation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
activation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination
activation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination
positive regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
upregulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
up regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
up-regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
upregulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination
up regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination
up-regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination
upregulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
up regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
up-regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
regulation of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation.
regulation of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a forskolin stimulus.
Any protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation that takes place in the Golgi apparatus.
glycoprotein mannose trimming in Golgi apparatus
glycoprotein mannose trimming in Golgi complex
glycoprotein mannose trimming in Golgi ribbon
protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation in Golgi apparatus
protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation in Golgi complex
protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation in Golgi ribbon
Any protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment (ERQC).
glycoprotein mannose trimming in endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment
glycoprotein mannose trimming in ER-derived quality control compartment
glycoprotein mannose trimming in ER quality control compartment
protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation in endoplasmic reticulum
protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation in endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment
protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation in ER-derived quality control compartment
protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation in ERQC
protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation in ER quality control compartment
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium phosphate stimulus.
mannose trimming involved in glycoprotein ERAD pathway
The removal of one or more alpha 1,2-linked mannose residues from a mannosylated protein that occurs as part of glycoprotein ER-associated glycoprotein degradation (gpERAD).
glycoprotein mannose trimming involved in ER-associated glycoprotein degradation
glycoprotein mannose trimming involved in glycoprotein ERAD
glycoprotein mannose trimming involved in glycoprotein ERAD pathway
glycoprotein mannose trimming involved in gpERAD
mannose trimming involved in misfolded or incompletely synthesized glycoprotein catabolic process
protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation involved in ER-associated glycoprotein degradation
protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation involved in glycoprotein ERAD
protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation involved in glycoprotein ERAD pathway
protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation involved in gpERAD
positive regulation of protein localization to cell periphery
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery.
activation of protein localization to cell periphery
upregulation of protein localization to cell periphery
up regulation of protein localization to cell periphery
up-regulation of protein localization to cell periphery
negative regulation of protein localization to cell periphery
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery.
downregulation of protein localization to cell periphery
down regulation of protein localization to cell periphery
down-regulation of protein localization to cell periphery
inhibition of protein localization to cell periphery
protein localization to cytosolic proteasome complex involved in ERAD pathway
Any protein localization to cytosolic proteasome complex that is involved in ERAD pathway. Following their retrotranslocation out of the endoplasmic reticulum, protein substrates must be shuttled to the cytosolic proteasome for degradation.
protein localisation in cytosolic proteasome complex involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
protein localisation in cytosolic proteasome complex involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
protein localisation in cytosolic proteasome complex involved in ERAD pathway
protein localisation in cytosolic proteasome complex involved in ER-associated degradation pathway
protein localisation to cytosolic proteasome complex involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
protein localisation to cytosolic proteasome complex involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
protein localisation to cytosolic proteasome complex involved in ERAD pathway
protein localisation to cytosolic proteasome complex involved in ER-associated degradation pathway
protein localization in cytosolic proteasome complex involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
protein localization in cytosolic proteasome complex involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
protein localization in cytosolic proteasome complex involved in ERAD pathway
protein localization in cytosolic proteasome complex involved in ER-associated degradation pathway
protein localization to cytosolic proteasome complex involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
protein localization to cytosolic proteasome complex involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
protein localization to cytosolic proteasome complex involved in ER-associated degradation pathway
maintenance of unfolded protein involved in ERAD pathway
Maintaining an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein in an unfolded, soluble state that contributes to its degradation by the cytoplasmic proteasome. Maintaining ER-resident proteins in an unfolded yet soluble state condition after their retro-translocation favors their turnover by the cytosolic proteasome.
maintenance of unfolded protein during ERAD
maintenance of unfolded protein involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
maintenance of unfolded protein involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway
maintenance of unfolded protein involved in ER-associated degradation pathway
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a kainic acid stimulus.
positive regulation of protein localization to actin cortical patch
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to actin cortical patch.
activation of protein localisation to actin cortical patch
activation of protein localization to actin cortical patch
positive regulation of protein localisation to actin cortical patch
upregulation of protein localisation to actin cortical patch
up regulation of protein localisation to actin cortical patch
up-regulation of protein localisation to actin cortical patch
upregulation of protein localization to actin cortical patch
up regulation of protein localization to actin cortical patch
up-regulation of protein localization to actin cortical patch
regulation of protein localization to cell periphery
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a kainic acid stimulus.
positive regulation of sclerenchyma cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sclerenchyma cell differentiation.
upregulation of sclerenchyma cell differentiation
up regulation of sclerenchyma cell differentiation
up-regulation of sclerenchyma cell differentiation
regulation of sclerenchyma cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sclerenchyma cell differentiation.
negative regulation of protein localization to actin cortical patch
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to actin cortical patch.
downregulation of protein localisation to actin cortical patch
down regulation of protein localisation to actin cortical patch
down-regulation of protein localisation to actin cortical patch
downregulation of protein localization to actin cortical patch
down regulation of protein localization to actin cortical patch
down-regulation of protein localization to actin cortical patch
inhibition of protein localisation to actin cortical patch
inhibition of protein localization to actin cortical patch
negative regulation of protein localisation to actin cortical patch
regulation of protein localization to actin cortical patch
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to actin cortical patch.
regulation of protein localisation to actin cortical patch
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokinesis.
positive regulation of calcitonin secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcitonin secretion.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokinesis.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemokinesis.
positive regulation of spore germination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination.
positive regulation of spore germination on or near host
negative regulation of spore germination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination.
negative regulation of spore germination on or near host
negative regulation of calcitonin secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcitonin secretion.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcitonin secretion.
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening.
downregulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening
down regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening
down-regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening
inhibition of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening
regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination.
modulation of spore germination on or near host
positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening.
activation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening
upregulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening
up regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening
up-regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomere capping.
positive regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole.
activation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole
activation of vacuolar protein breakdown
activation of vacuolar protein catabolic process
activation of vacuolar protein catabolism
activation of vacuolar protein degradation
positive regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown
positive regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process
positive regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism
positive regulation of vacuolar protein degradation
upregulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole
up regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole
up-regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole
upregulation of vacuolar protein breakdown
up regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown
up-regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown
upregulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process
up regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process
up-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process
upregulation of vacuolar protein catabolism
up regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism
up-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism
upregulation of vacuolar protein degradation
up regulation of vacuolar protein degradation
up-regulation of vacuolar protein degradation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomere capping.
positive regulation of telomere end protection
up regulation of telomere end protection
up-regulation of telomere end protection
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere capping.
downregulation of telomere end protection
down regulation of telomere end protection
down-regulation of telomere end protection
negative regulation of telomere end protection
negative regulation of cardiac ventricle development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development.
downregulation of cardiac ventricle development
down regulation of cardiac ventricle development
down-regulation of cardiac ventricle development
inhibition of cardiac ventricle development
regulation of cardiac ventricle development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xenophagy.
positive regulation of cardiac ventricle development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development.
activation of cardiac ventricle development
upregulation of cardiac ventricle development
up regulation of cardiac ventricle development
up-regulation of cardiac ventricle development
regulation of secretory granule organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization.
regulation of secretory granule organisation
regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of secretory granule organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization.
activation of secretory granule organisation
activation of secretory granule organization
activation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of secretory granule organisation
positive regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis
upregulation of secretory granule organisation
up regulation of secretory granule organisation
up-regulation of secretory granule organisation
upregulation of secretory granule organization
up regulation of secretory granule organization
up-regulation of secretory granule organization
upregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis
up regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis
up-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of secretory granule organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization.
downregulation of secretory granule organisation
down regulation of secretory granule organisation
down-regulation of secretory granule organisation
downregulation of secretory granule organization
down regulation of secretory granule organization
down-regulation of secretory granule organization
downregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis
down regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis
down-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis
inhibition of secretory granule organisation
inhibition of secretory granule organization
inhibition of secretory granule organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of secretory granule organisation
negative regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a formaldehyde stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a formaldehyde stimulus.
positive regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitric oxide metabolic process.
activation of nitric oxide metabolic process
positive regulation of nitric oxide metabolism
upregulation of nitric oxide metabolic process
up regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process
up-regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process
up regulation of nitric oxide metabolism
up-regulation of nitric oxide metabolism
negative regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitric oxide metabolic process.
downregulation of nitric oxide metabolic process
down regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process
down-regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process
downregulation of nitric oxide metabolism
down regulation of nitric oxide metabolism
down-regulation of nitric oxide metabolism
inhibition of nitric oxide metabolic process
negative regulation of nitric oxide metabolism
cellular response to Thyroid stimulating hormone
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nocodazole stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nocodazole stimulus.
negative regulation of neuromuscular junction development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular junction development.
downregulation of neuromuscular junction development
down regulation of neuromuscular junction development
down-regulation of neuromuscular junction development
downregulation of neuromuscular junction organization
down regulation of neuromuscular junction organization
down-regulation of neuromuscular junction organization
downregulation of neuromuscular junction stability
down regulation of neuromuscular junction stability
down-regulation of neuromuscular junction stability
inhibition of neuromuscular junction development
inhibition of neuromuscular junction organization
inhibition of neuromuscular junction stability
negative regulation of neuromuscular junction organization
negative regulation of neuromuscular junction stability
regulation of neuromuscular junction development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular junction development.
regulation of neuromuscular junction organization
regulation of neuromuscular junction stability
positive regulation of neuromuscular junction development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular junction development.
activation of neuromuscular junction development
activation of neuromuscular junction organization
activation of neuromuscular junction stability
positive regulation of neuromuscular junction organization
positive regulation of neuromuscular junction stability
upregulation of neuromuscular junction development
up regulation of neuromuscular junction development
up-regulation of neuromuscular junction development
upregulation of neuromuscular junction organization
up regulation of neuromuscular junction organization
up-regulation of neuromuscular junction organization
upregulation of neuromuscular junction stability
up regulation of neuromuscular junction stability
up-regulation of neuromuscular junction stability
regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering.
regulation of skeletal muscle AChR clustering
regulation of skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering
cellular response to ciliary neurotrophic factor
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulus.
positive regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering.
activation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering
activation of skeletal muscle AChR clustering
activation of skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering
positive regulation of skeletal muscle AChR clustering
positive regulation of skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering
upregulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering
up regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering
up-regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering
upregulation of skeletal muscle AChR clustering
up regulation of skeletal muscle AChR clustering
up-regulation of skeletal muscle AChR clustering
upregulation of skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering
up regulation of skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering
up-regulation of skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering
negative regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering.
downregulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering
down regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering
down-regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering
downregulation of skeletal muscle AChR clustering
down regulation of skeletal muscle AChR clustering
down-regulation of skeletal muscle AChR clustering
downregulation of skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering
down regulation of skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering
down-regulation of skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering
inhibition of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering
inhibition of skeletal muscle AChR clustering
inhibition of skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering
negative regulation of skeletal muscle AChR clustering
negative regulation of skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a rod bipolar cell.
negative regulation of ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES.
downregulation of ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES
down regulation of ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES
down-regulation of ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES
inhibition of ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES
negative regulation of pasRNA transcription
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulus.
cone retinal bipolar cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cone retinal bipolar cell.
retinal cone bipolar cell differentiation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an angiotensin stimulus. Angiotensin is any of three physiologically active peptides (angiotensin II, III, or IV) processed from angiotensinogen.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium phosphate stimulus.
cellular response to L-phenylalanine derivative
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-phenylalanine derivative stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-phenylalanine derivative stimulus.
negative regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier.
downregulation of establishment of blood-testis barrier
down regulation of establishment of blood-testis barrier
down-regulation of establishment of blood-testis barrier
downregulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier
down regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier
down-regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier
inhibition of establishment of blood-testis barrier
inhibition of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier
negative regulation of establishment of blood-testis barrier
negative regulation of establishment of BTB
negative regulation of establishment of SCB
regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier.
regulation of establishment of blood-testis barrier
The directed movement of folic acid from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
folic acid import across plasma membrane
positive regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier.
activation of establishment of blood-testis barrier
activation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier
positive regulation of establishment of blood-testis barrier
positive regulation of establishment of BTB
positive regulation of establishment of SCB
upregulation of establishment of blood-testis barrier
up regulation of establishment of blood-testis barrier
up-regulation of establishment of blood-testis barrier
upregulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier
up regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier
up-regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier
regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation.
regulation of Hurthle cell proliferation
regulation of thyroid follicular cell proliferation
positive regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iron ions import across plasma membrane.
activation of ferrous ion import into cell
activation of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane
positive regulation of ferrous ion import into cell
positive regulation of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane
positive regulation of ferrous iron import into cell
upregulation of ferrous ion import into cell
up regulation of ferrous ion import into cell
up-regulation of ferrous ion import into cell
upregulation of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane
up regulation of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane
up-regulation of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane
positive regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation.
activation of Hurthle cell proliferation
activation of thyroid follicular cell proliferation
activation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation
positive regulation of Hurthle cell proliferation
positive regulation of thyroid follicular cell proliferation
upregulation of Hurthle cell proliferation
up regulation of Hurthle cell proliferation
up-regulation of Hurthle cell proliferation
upregulation of thyroid follicular cell proliferation
up regulation of thyroid follicular cell proliferation
up-regulation of thyroid follicular cell proliferation
upregulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation
up regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation
up-regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation
negative regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation.
downregulation of Hurthle cell proliferation
down regulation of Hurthle cell proliferation
down-regulation of Hurthle cell proliferation
downregulation of thyroid follicular cell proliferation
down regulation of thyroid follicular cell proliferation
down-regulation of thyroid follicular cell proliferation
downregulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation
down regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation
down-regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation
inhibition of Hurthle cell proliferation
inhibition of thyroid follicular cell proliferation
inhibition of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation
negative regulation of Hurthle cell proliferation
negative regulation of thyroid follicular cell proliferation
positive regulation of transferrin receptor binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferrin receptor binding.
activation of transferrin receptor binding
upregulation of transferrin receptor binding
up regulation of transferrin receptor binding
up-regulation of transferrin receptor binding
negative regulation of transferrin receptor binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transferrin receptor binding.
downregulation of transferrin receptor binding
down regulation of transferrin receptor binding
down-regulation of transferrin receptor binding
inhibition of transferrin receptor binding
negative regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iron ions import across plasma membrane.
downregulation of ferrous ion import into cell
down regulation of ferrous ion import into cell
down-regulation of ferrous ion import into cell
downregulation of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane
down regulation of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane
down-regulation of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane
inhibition of ferrous ion import into cell
inhibition of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane
negative regulation of ferrous ion import into cell
negative regulation of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane
negative regulation of ferrous iron import into cell
regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iron ions import across plasma membrane.
regulation of ferrous ion import into cell
regulation of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane
regulation of ferrous iron import into cell
negative regulation of ferrous iron binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron binding.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron binding.
regulation of transferrin receptor binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferrin receptor binding.
positive regulation of ferrous iron binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron binding.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of t-circle formation.
regulation of telomeric circle formation
negative regulation of tubulin deacetylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylation.
down regulation of tubulin deacetylation
down-regulation of tubulin deacetylation
positive regulation of t-circle formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of t-circle formation.
activation of telomeric circle formation
positive regulation of telomeric circle formation
upregulation of telomeric circle formation
up regulation of telomeric circle formation
up-regulation of telomeric circle formation
negative regulation of t-circle formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of t-circle formation.
downregulation of telomeric circle formation
down regulation of telomeric circle formation
down-regulation of telomeric circle formation
inhibition of telomeric circle formation
negative regulation of telomeric circle formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.
positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport.
activation of calcium ion membrane transport
activation of calcium ion transmembrane transport
activation of transmembrane calcium transport
positive regulation of calcium ion membrane transport
positive regulation of transmembrane calcium transport
upregulation of calcium ion membrane transport
up regulation of calcium ion membrane transport
up-regulation of calcium ion membrane transport
upregulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport
up regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport
up-regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport
upregulation of transmembrane calcium transport
up regulation of transmembrane calcium transport
up-regulation of transmembrane calcium transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a D-galactosamine stimulus.
positive regulation of telomeric loop formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric loop formation.
positive regulation of t-loop biosynthesis
upregulation of telomeric loop formation
up regulation of telomeric loop formation
up-regulation of telomeric loop formation
dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase complex
A protein complex which is capable of dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase activity.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a D-galactosamine stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xenophagy.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xenophagy.
negative regulation of telomeric loop formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric loop formation.
downregulation of telomeric loop formation
down regulation of telomeric loop formation
down-regulation of telomeric loop formation
negative regulation of t-loop biosynthesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric loop formation.
positive regulation of small GTPase binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase binding.
positive regulation of Ras GTPase binding
negative regulation of small GTPase binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase binding.
negative regulation of Ras GTPase binding
negative regulation of intestinal absorption
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.
down regulation of intestinal absorption
down-regulation of intestinal absorption
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-dopa stimulus.
positive regulation of endothelin production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelin production.
positive regulation of endothelin-1 secretion
positive regulation of endothelin-2 secretion
positive regulation of endothelin-3 secretion
positive regulation of endothelin secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase binding.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-dopa stimulus.
negative regulation of endothelin production
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelin production.
downregulation of endothelin-1 secretion
down regulation of endothelin-1 secretion
down-regulation of endothelin-1 secretion
downregulation of endothelin-2 secretion
down regulation of endothelin-2 secretion
down-regulation of endothelin-2 secretion
downregulation of endothelin-3 secretion
down regulation of endothelin-3 secretion
down-regulation of endothelin-3 secretion
negative regulation of endothelin-1 secretion
negative regulation of endothelin-2 secretion
negative regulation of endothelin-3 secretion
negative regulation of endothelin secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelin production.
negative regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of matrix metallopeptidase secretion.
downregulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion
down regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion
down-regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion
downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase secretion
down regulation of matrix metalloproteinase secretion
down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase secretion
inhibition of matrix metallopeptidase secretion
inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase secretion
negative regulation of matrix metalloproteinase secretion
regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of matrix metallopeptidase secretion.
regulation of matrix metalloproteinase secretion
positive regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of matrix metallopeptidase secretion.
activation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion
activation of matrix metalloproteinase secretion
positive regulation of matrix metalloproteinase secretion
upregulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion
up regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion
up-regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion
upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase secretion
up regulation of matrix metalloproteinase secretion
up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase secretion
ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside.
ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside metabolism
positive regulation of substance P secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion.
ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside.
ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside biosynthesis
ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside.
ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside catabolism
ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside degradation
positive regulation of neuronal action potential
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal action potential.
activation of generation of action potential
positive regulation of generation of action potential
upregulation of generation of action potential
up regulation of generation of action potential
up-regulation of generation of action potential
upregulation of neuronal action potential
up regulation of neuronal action potential
up-regulation of neuronal action potential
negative regulation of neuronal action potential
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal action potential.
downregulation of generation of action potential
down regulation of generation of action potential
down-regulation of generation of action potential
downregulation of neuronal action potential
down regulation of neuronal action potential
down-regulation of neuronal action potential
inhibition of generation of action potential
negative regulation of generation of action potential
negative regulation of substance P secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion.
down regulation of substance P secretion
down-regulation of substance P secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion.
positive regulation of potassium:proton exchanging ATPase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.
activation of ATP phosphohydrolase (H+/K+-exchanging)
activation of gastric H+/K(+) ATPase activity
activation of H+/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
activation of H+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
activation of hydrogen:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
activation of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
activation of hydrogen/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
positive regulation of (K+ + H+)-ATPase activity
positive regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (H+/K+-exchanging)
positive regulation of gastric H+/K(+) ATPase activity
positive regulation of gastric H+/K+ ATPase
positive regulation of H,K-ATPase activity
positive regulation of H+/K(+)-ATPase activity
positive regulation of H+/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
positive regulation of H+/K+-ATPase activity
positive regulation of H+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
positive regulation of H+-K+-ATPase activity
positive regulation of hydrogen:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
positive regulation of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
positive regulation of hydrogen/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
upregulation of (K+ + H+)-ATPase activity
up regulation of (K+ + H+)-ATPase activity
up-regulation of (K+ + H+)-ATPase activity
upregulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (H+/K+-exchanging)
up regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (H+/K+-exchanging)
up-regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (H+/K+-exchanging)
upregulation of gastric H+/K(+) ATPase activity
up regulation of gastric H+/K(+) ATPase activity
up-regulation of gastric H+/K(+) ATPase activity
up regulation of H+/K(+)-ATPase activity
up-regulation of H+/K(+)-ATPase activity
upregulation of H+/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
up regulation of H+/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
up-regulation of H+/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
upregulation of H+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
up regulation of H+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
up-regulation of H+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
upregulation of hydrogen:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
upregulation of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
up regulation of hydrogen:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
up regulation of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
up-regulation of hydrogen:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
up-regulation of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
upregulation of hydrogen/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
up regulation of hydrogen/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
up-regulation of hydrogen/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
negative regulation of potassium:proton exchanging ATPase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.
downregulation of (K+ + H+)-ATPase activity
down regulation of (K+ + H+)-ATPase activity
down-regulation of (K+ + H+)-ATPase activity
downregulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (H+/K+-exchanging)
down regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (H+/K+-exchanging)
down-regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (H+/K+-exchanging)
downregulation of gastric H+/K(+) ATPase activity
down regulation of gastric H+/K(+) ATPase activity
down-regulation of gastric H+/K(+) ATPase activity
downregulation of H+/K(+)-ATPase activity
down regulation of H+/K(+)-ATPase activity
down-regulation of H+/K(+)-ATPase activity
downregulation of H+/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
down regulation of H+/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
down-regulation of H+/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
down regulation of H+/K+-ATPase activity
down-regulation of H+/K+-ATPase activity
downregulation of H+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
down regulation of H+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
down-regulation of H+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
down regulation of H+-K+-ATPase activity
down-regulation of H+-K+-ATPase activity
downregulation of hydrogen:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
downregulation of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
down regulation of hydrogen:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
down regulation of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
down-regulation of hydrogen:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
down-regulation of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
downregulation of hydrogen/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
down regulation of hydrogen/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
down-regulation of hydrogen/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
inhibition of ATP phosphohydrolase (H+/K+-exchanging)
inhibition of gastric H+/K(+) ATPase activity
inhibition of H+/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
inhibition of H+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
inhibition of hydrogen:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
inhibition of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
inhibition of hydrogen/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
negative regulation of (K+ + H+)-ATPase activity
negative regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (H+/K+-exchanging)
negative regulation of gastric H+/K(+) ATPase activity
negative regulation of gastric H+/K+ ATPase
negative regulation of H,K-ATPase activity
negative regulation of H+/K(+)-ATPase activity
negative regulation of H+/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
negative regulation of H+/K+-ATPase activity
negative regulation of H+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
negative regulation of H+-K+-ATPase activity
negative regulation of hydrogen:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
negative regulation of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
negative regulation of hydrogen/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
negative regulation of aspartate secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aspartate secretion.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aspartate secretion.
regulation of potassium:proton exchanging ATPase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.
regulation of ATP phosphohydrolase (H+/K+-exchanging)
regulation of gastric H+/K(+) ATPase activity
regulation of H+/K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity
regulation of H+/K+-exchanging ATPase activity
regulation of hydrogen:potassium exchanging ATPase activity
regulation of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
regulation of hydrogen/potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
positive regulation of aspartate secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aspartate secretion.
negative regulation of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane.
downregulation of protein localisation in basolateral plasma membrane
down regulation of protein localisation in basolateral plasma membrane
down-regulation of protein localisation in basolateral plasma membrane
downregulation of protein localisation to basolateral plasma membrane
down regulation of protein localisation to basolateral plasma membrane
down-regulation of protein localisation to basolateral plasma membrane
downregulation of protein localization in basolateral plasma membrane
down regulation of protein localization in basolateral plasma membrane
down-regulation of protein localization in basolateral plasma membrane
downregulation of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane
down regulation of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane
down-regulation of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane
inhibition of protein localisation in basolateral plasma membrane
inhibition of protein localisation to basolateral plasma membrane
inhibition of protein localization in basolateral plasma membrane
inhibition of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane
negative regulation of protein localisation in basolateral plasma membrane
negative regulation of protein localisation to basolateral plasma membrane
negative regulation of protein localization in basolateral plasma membrane
regulation of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane.
regulation of protein localisation in basolateral plasma membrane
regulation of protein localisation to basolateral plasma membrane
regulation of protein localization in basolateral plasma membrane
Any microtubule plus-end that is part of a cytoplasmic microtubule.
growing microtubule plus end of cytoplasmic microtubule
growing microtubule plus end of non-spindle-associated astral microtubule
microtubule plus end of cytoplasmic microtubule
microtubule plus-end of cytoplasmic microtubule
microtubule plus end of non-spindle-associated astral microtubule
microtubule plus-end of non-spindle-associated astral microtubule
positive regulation of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane.
activation of protein localisation in basolateral plasma membrane
activation of protein localisation to basolateral plasma membrane
activation of protein localization in basolateral plasma membrane
activation of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane
positive regulation of protein localisation in basolateral plasma membrane
positive regulation of protein localisation to basolateral plasma membrane
positive regulation of protein localization in basolateral plasma membrane
upregulation of protein localisation in basolateral plasma membrane
up regulation of protein localisation in basolateral plasma membrane
up-regulation of protein localisation in basolateral plasma membrane
upregulation of protein localisation to basolateral plasma membrane
up regulation of protein localisation to basolateral plasma membrane
up-regulation of protein localisation to basolateral plasma membrane
upregulation of protein localization in basolateral plasma membrane
up regulation of protein localization in basolateral plasma membrane
up-regulation of protein localization in basolateral plasma membrane
upregulation of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane
up regulation of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane
up-regulation of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane
regulation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage.
regulation of DNA damage response, telomere maintenance
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipophagy.
positive regulation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage.
activation of DNA damage response, telomere maintenance
activation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage
positive regulation of DNA damage response, telomere maintenance
upregulation of DNA damage response, telomere maintenance
up regulation of DNA damage response, telomere maintenance
up-regulation of DNA damage response, telomere maintenance
upregulation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage
up regulation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage
up-regulation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage
negative regulation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage.
downregulation of DNA damage response, telomere maintenance
down regulation of DNA damage response, telomere maintenance
down-regulation of DNA damage response, telomere maintenance
downregulation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage
down regulation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage
down-regulation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage
inhibition of DNA damage response, telomere maintenance
inhibition of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage
negative regulation of DNA damage response, telomere maintenance
obsolete positive regulation of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription.
obsolete negative regulation of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipophagy.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipophagy.
positive regulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion, neurotransmission.
activation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission
upregulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission
up regulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission
up-regulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission
obsolete regulation of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription.
protein localization to mitotic actomyosin contractile ring
Any protein localization to actomyosin contractile ring that is involved in mitotic cytokinesis.
protein localisation to actomyosin contractile ring involved in cytokinesis after mitosis
protein localisation to actomyosin contractile ring involved in mitotic cytokinesis
protein localization to actomyosin contractile ring during mitotic cytokinesis
protein localization to actomyosin contractile ring involved in cytokinesis after mitosis
protein localization to actomyosin contractile ring involved in mitotic cytokinesis
tetrahydrofolyl-poly(glutamate) polymer binding
Binding to tetrahydrofolyl-poly(glutamate) polymer.
negative regulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion, neurotransmission.
downregulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission
down regulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission
down-regulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission
inhibition of substance P secretion, neurotransmission
regulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion, neurotransmission.
obsolete regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
obsolete regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
protein localization to ciliary transition zone
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary transition zone.
protein localisation in ciliary transition zone
protein localisation to ciliary transition zone
protein localization in ciliary transition zone
obsolete negative regulation of mitochondrial unfolded protein response by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of mitochondrial unfolded protein response.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cloacal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
obsolete cellular response to 17alpha-ethynylestradiol
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 17alpha-ethynylestradiol stimulus.
obsolete response to 17alpha-ethynylestradiol
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 17alpha-ethynylestradiol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetrahydrofolate stimulus.
positive regulation of intestinal absorption
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetrahydrofolate stimulus.
fungal-type cell wall disassembly involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
Any fungal-type cell wall disassembly that is involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.
fungal-type cell wall disassembly involved in cell fusion
fungal-type cell wall disassembly involved in mating
positive regulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate.
activation of glycolysis through fructose-6-phosphate
activation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate
positive regulation of glycolysis through fructose-6-phosphate
upregulation of glycolysis through fructose-6-phosphate
up regulation of glycolysis through fructose-6-phosphate
up-regulation of glycolysis through fructose-6-phosphate
upregulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate
up regulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate
up-regulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate
negative regulation of free ubiquitin chain polymerization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of free ubiquitin chain polymerization.
downregulation of free ubiquitin chain polymerization
down regulation of free ubiquitin chain polymerization
down-regulation of free ubiquitin chain polymerization
inhibition of free ubiquitin chain polymerization
regulation of free ubiquitin chain polymerization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of free ubiquitin chain polymerization.
negative regulation of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery.
downregulation of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery
down regulation of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery
down-regulation of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery
inhibition of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery
regulation of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery.
negative regulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate.
downregulation of glycolysis through fructose-6-phosphate
down regulation of glycolysis through fructose-6-phosphate
down-regulation of glycolysis through fructose-6-phosphate
downregulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate
down regulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate
down-regulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate
inhibition of glycolysis through fructose-6-phosphate
inhibition of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate
negative regulation of glycolysis through fructose-6-phosphate
regulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate.
regulation of glycolysis through fructose-6-phosphate
regulation of telomeric loop disassembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric loop disassembly.
obsolete ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed involved in microtubule-based movement
OBSOLETE. Any ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed that is involved in microtubule-based movement.
positive regulation of telomeric loop disassembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric loop disassembly.
activation of telomeric loop disassembly
positive regulation of T loop disassembly
upregulation of telomeric loop disassembly
up regulation of telomeric loop disassembly
up-regulation of telomeric loop disassembly
negative regulation of telomeric loop disassembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric loop disassembly.
downregulation of telomeric loop disassembly
down regulation of telomeric loop disassembly
down-regulation of telomeric loop disassembly
inhibition of telomeric loop disassembly
negative regulation of T loop disassembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament binding.
regulation of actin cross-linking activity
positive regulation of microtubule binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding.
activation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
activation of microtubule severing activity
positive regulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
positive regulation of microtubule severing activity
upregulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
up regulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
up-regulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
upregulation of microtubule severing activity
up regulation of microtubule severing activity
up-regulation of microtubule severing activity
positive regulation of actin filament binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament binding.
activation of actin cross-linking activity
positive regulation of actin cross-linking activity
upregulation of actin cross-linking activity
up regulation of actin cross-linking activity
up-regulation of actin cross-linking activity
negative regulation of actin filament binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament binding.
downregulation of actin cross-linking activity
down regulation of actin cross-linking activity
down-regulation of actin cross-linking activity
downregulation of actin filament binding
down regulation of actin filament binding
down-regulation of actin filament binding
inhibition of actin cross-linking activity
negative regulation of actin cross-linking activity
positive regulation of DNA amplification
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA amplification.
negative regulation of DNA amplification
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA amplification.
negative regulation of microtubule binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding.
downregulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
down regulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
down-regulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
downregulation of microtubule severing activity
down regulation of microtubule severing activity
down-regulation of microtubule severing activity
inhibition of microtubule/chromatin interaction
inhibition of microtubule severing activity
negative regulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
negative regulation of microtubule severing activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding.
regulation of microtubule/chromatin interaction
regulation of microtubule severing activity
negative regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process.
down regulation of MFB apoptotic process
down-regulation of MFB apoptotic process
downregulation of myofibroblast cell apoptosis
down regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptosis
down-regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptosis
downregulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process
down regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process
down-regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process
inhibition of myofibroblast cell apoptosis
inhibition of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process
negative regulation of MFB apoptotic process
negative regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptosis
regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process.
regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA amplification.
positive regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process.
activation of myofibroblast cell apoptosis
activation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process
positive regulation of MFB apoptotic process
positive regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptosis
upregulation of myofibroblast cell apoptosis
up regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptosis
up-regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptosis
upregulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process
up regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process
up-regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process
Any apoptotic process in a myofibroblast cell.
protein localization to microtubule minus-end
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule minus-end.
protein localisation in microtubule minus-end
protein localisation to microtubule minus-end
protein localization in microtubule minus-end
protein localization to cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end.
protein localisation in cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end
protein localisation to cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end
protein localization in cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end
negative regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication.
downregulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis
down regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis
down-regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis
downregulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication
down regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication
down-regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication
downregulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis
down regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis
down-regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis
downregulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation
down regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation
down-regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation
downregulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation
down regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation
down-regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation
inhibition of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis
inhibition of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication
inhibition of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis
inhibition of meiotic DNA replication initiation
inhibition of premeiotic DNA replication initiation
negative regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis
negative regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis
negative regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation
negative regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation
regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication.
regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis
regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis
regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation
regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TORC2 signaling.
positive regulation of TORC2 signal transduction
upregulation of TORC2 signal transduction
up regulation of TORC2 signal transduction
up-regulation of TORC2 signal transduction
positive regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication.
activation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis
activation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication
activation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis
activation of meiotic DNA replication initiation
activation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation
positive regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis
positive regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis
positive regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation
positive regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation
upregulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis
up regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis
up-regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis
upregulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication
up regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication
up-regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication
upregulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis
up regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis
up-regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis
upregulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation
up regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation
up-regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation
upregulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation
up regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation
up-regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation
regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.
positive regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding.
activation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding
upregulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding
up regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding
up-regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding
negative regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding.
downregulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding
down regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding
down-regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding
inhibition of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding
regulation of selenocysteine incorporation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine incorporation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a wortmannin stimulus.
positive regulation of selenocysteine incorporation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine incorporation.
activation of selenocysteine incorporation
upregulation of selenocysteine incorporation
up regulation of selenocysteine incorporation
up-regulation of selenocysteine incorporation
negative regulation of selenocysteine incorporation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine incorporation.
downregulation of selenocysteine incorporation
down regulation of selenocysteine incorporation
down-regulation of selenocysteine incorporation
inhibition of selenocysteine incorporation
response to 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate stimulus.
response to 1-oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid
response to oleoyl-L-alpha-lysophosphatidic acid
response to oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid
An iron-sulfur cluster assembly complex that is capable of weak ATPase activity. In yeast it consists of two subunits, Nbp35 and Cfd1.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a wortmannin stimulus.
cellular response to 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate stimulus.
cellular response to 1-oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid
cellular response to lysophosphatidic acid
cellular response to oleoyl-L-alpha-lysophosphatidic acid
cellular response to oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenidol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenidol stimulus.
phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate.
phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate anabolism
phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate biosynthesis
phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate formation
phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate synthesis
phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate.
phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate metabolism
The directed movement of L-alanine across a membrane.
The directed movement of L-tryptophan across a membrane.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dextromethorphan stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dextromethorphan stimulus.
negative regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.
downregulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid
down regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid
down-regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid
inhibition of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid
regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.
The directed movement of L-proline across a membrane.
positive regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.
activation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid
upregulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid
up regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid
up-regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arachidonic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arachidonic acid stimulus.
positive regulation of free ubiquitin chain polymerization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of free ubiquitin chain polymerization.
activation of free ubiquitin chain polymerization
upregulation of free ubiquitin chain polymerization
up regulation of free ubiquitin chain polymerization
up-regulation of free ubiquitin chain polymerization
regulation of cellular response to glucose starvation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to glucose starvation.
obsolete negative regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity involved in negative regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway
OBSOLETE. Any negative regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity that is involved in negative regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.
activation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity
positive regulation of AGE receptor activity
upregulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity
up regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity
up-regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity
negative regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.
downregulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity
down regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity
down-regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity
down regulation of AGE receptor activity
down-regulation of AGE receptor activity
inhibition of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity
negative regulation of AGE receptor activity
protein transport to mating projection actin fusion focus
A process in which a protein is transported to a location within an actin fusion focus.
protein localisation in actin fusion focus
protein localisation to actin fusion focus
protein localization in actin fusion focus
mating projection actin fusion focus assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an actin fusion focus.
regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.
serotonin-activated cation-selective channel complex
A protein complex which is capable of serotonin-activated cation-selective channel activity. Mainly found in pre- and postsynaptic membranes of the brain and gastrointestinal tract. Depending on its location it transports Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ or K+. It is always a pentamer, containing at least the 5HT3A subunit forming 5HT3A homopentamers or 5HT3A/B heteropentamers. In human, 5HT3A/C, A/D and A/E heteropentamers also exist.
negative regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing connective tissue replacement, which may be replaced with fibrotic material, that occurs as part of an inflammatory response.
downregulation of connective tissue replacement during inflammatory response
down regulation of connective tissue replacement during inflammatory response
down-regulation of connective tissue replacement during inflammatory response
downregulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
down regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
down-regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
downregulation of fibrosis during inflammatory response
down regulation of fibrosis during inflammatory response
down-regulation of fibrosis during inflammatory response
inhibition of connective tissue replacement during inflammatory response
inhibition of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
inhibition of fibrosis during inflammatory response
negative regulation of connective tissue replacement during inflammatory response
negative regulation of fibrosis during inflammatory response
regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing connective tissue replacement, which may be replaced with fibrotic material, that occurs as part of an inflammatory response.
regulation of connective tissue replacement during inflammatory response
regulation of fibrosis during inflammatory response
Binding to advanced glycation end-product.
positive regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing connective tissue replacement, which may be replaced with fibrotic material, that occurs as part of an inflammatory response.
activation of connective tissue replacement during inflammatory response
activation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
activation of fibrosis during inflammatory response
positive regulation of connective tissue replacement during inflammatory response
positive regulation of fibrosis during inflammatory response
upregulation of connective tissue replacement during inflammatory response
up regulation of connective tissue replacement during inflammatory response
up-regulation of connective tissue replacement during inflammatory response
upregulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
up regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
up-regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
upregulation of fibrosis during inflammatory response
up regulation of fibrosis during inflammatory response
up-regulation of fibrosis during inflammatory response
positive regulation of protein refolding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein refolding.
activation of heat shock protein activity
positive regulation of heat shock protein activity
upregulation of heat shock protein activity
up regulation of heat shock protein activity
up-regulation of heat shock protein activity
positive regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription.
activation of RNA 3'-end formation by RNA polymerase II
activation of RNA polymerase II transcription termination
activation of RNA polymerase II transcription termination factor activity
activation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription
activation of transcription termination from Pol II promoter
activation of transcription termination from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of RNA 3'-end formation by RNA polymerase II
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription termination
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription termination factor activity
positive regulation of transcription termination from Pol II promoter
positive regulation of transcription termination from RNA polymerase II promoter
upregulation of RNA 3'-end formation by RNA polymerase II
up regulation of RNA 3'-end formation by RNA polymerase II
up-regulation of RNA 3'-end formation by RNA polymerase II
upregulation of RNA polymerase II transcription termination
up regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription termination
up-regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription termination
upregulation of RNA polymerase II transcription termination factor activity
up regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription termination factor activity
up-regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription termination factor activity
upregulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription
up regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription
up-regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription
upregulation of transcription termination from Pol II promoter
up regulation of transcription termination from Pol II promoter
up-regulation of transcription termination from Pol II promoter
upregulation of transcription termination from RNA polymerase II promoter
up regulation of transcription termination from RNA polymerase II promoter
up-regulation of transcription termination from RNA polymerase II promoter
regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription.
regulation of RNA 3'-end formation by RNA polymerase II
regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription termination
regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription termination factor activity
regulation of transcription termination from Pol II promoter
regulation of transcription termination from RNA polymerase II promoter
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein import.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoprotein stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein import.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein import.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a putrescine stimulus.
cellular response to polyamine macromolecule
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polyamine macromolecule stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoprotein stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a putrescine stimulus.
cellular response to tetramethylenediamine
negative regulation of intracellular mRNA localization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular mRNA localization.
downregulation of establishment and maintenance of intracellular RNA localization
down regulation of establishment and maintenance of intracellular RNA localization
down-regulation of establishment and maintenance of intracellular RNA localization
downregulation of intracellular mRNA localisation
down regulation of intracellular mRNA localisation
down-regulation of intracellular mRNA localisation
downregulation of intracellular mRNA localization
down regulation of intracellular mRNA localization
down-regulation of intracellular mRNA localization
downregulation of intracellular mRNA positioning
down regulation of intracellular mRNA positioning
down-regulation of intracellular mRNA positioning
downregulation of mRNA localization, intracellular
down regulation of mRNA localization, intracellular
down-regulation of mRNA localization, intracellular
downregulation of mRNA positioning, intracellular
down regulation of mRNA positioning, intracellular
down-regulation of mRNA positioning, intracellular
inhibition of establishment and maintenance of intracellular RNA localization
inhibition of intracellular mRNA localisation
inhibition of intracellular mRNA localization
inhibition of intracellular mRNA positioning
inhibition of mRNA localization, intracellular
inhibition of mRNA positioning, intracellular
negative regulation of establishment and maintenance of intracellular RNA localization
negative regulation of intracellular mRNA localisation
negative regulation of intracellular mRNA positioning
negative regulation of mRNA localization, intracellular
negative regulation of mRNA positioning, intracellular
regulation of intracellular mRNA localization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular mRNA localization.
regulation of establishment and maintenance of intracellular RNA localization
regulation of intracellular mRNA localisation
regulation of intracellular mRNA positioning
regulation of mRNA localization, intracellular
regulation of mRNA positioning, intracellular
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polyamine macromolecule stimulus.
positive regulation of intracellular mRNA localization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular mRNA localization.
activation of establishment and maintenance of intracellular RNA localization
activation of intracellular mRNA localisation
activation of intracellular mRNA localization
activation of intracellular mRNA positioning
activation of mRNA localization, intracellular
activation of mRNA positioning, intracellular
positive regulation of establishment and maintenance of intracellular RNA localization
positive regulation of intracellular mRNA localisation
positive regulation of intracellular mRNA positioning
positive regulation of mRNA localization, intracellular
positive regulation of mRNA positioning, intracellular
upregulation of establishment and maintenance of intracellular RNA localization
up regulation of establishment and maintenance of intracellular RNA localization
up-regulation of establishment and maintenance of intracellular RNA localization
upregulation of intracellular mRNA localisation
up regulation of intracellular mRNA localisation
up-regulation of intracellular mRNA localisation
upregulation of intracellular mRNA localization
up regulation of intracellular mRNA localization
up-regulation of intracellular mRNA localization
upregulation of intracellular mRNA positioning
up regulation of intracellular mRNA positioning
up-regulation of intracellular mRNA positioning
upregulation of mRNA localization, intracellular
up regulation of mRNA localization, intracellular
up-regulation of mRNA localization, intracellular
upregulation of mRNA positioning, intracellular
up regulation of mRNA positioning, intracellular
up-regulation of mRNA positioning, intracellular
obsolete cellular response to tunicamycin
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tunicamycin stimulus.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tunicamycin stimulus.
obsolete cellular response to thapsigargin
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thapsigargin stimulus.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thapsigargin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ionomycin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ionomycin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a resveratrol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a resveratrol stimulus.
regulation of podocyte apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.
regulation of glomerular podocyte apoptosis
regulation of glomerular podocyte apoptotic process
regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptosis
regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucoside stimulus.
positive regulation of podocyte apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.
activation of glomerular podocyte apoptosis
activation of glomerular podocyte apoptotic process
activation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptosis
activation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process
activation of podocyte apoptotic process
positive regulation of glomerular podocyte apoptosis
positive regulation of glomerular podocyte apoptotic process
positive regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptosis
positive regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process
positive regulation of podocyte apoptosis
upregulation of glomerular podocyte apoptosis
up regulation of glomerular podocyte apoptosis
up-regulation of glomerular podocyte apoptosis
upregulation of glomerular podocyte apoptotic process
up regulation of glomerular podocyte apoptotic process
up-regulation of glomerular podocyte apoptotic process
upregulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptosis
up regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptosis
up-regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptosis
upregulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process
up regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process
up-regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process
upregulation of podocyte apoptotic process
up regulation of podocyte apoptotic process
up-regulation of podocyte apoptotic process
negative regulation of podocyte apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.
downregulation of glomerular podocyte apoptosis
down regulation of glomerular podocyte apoptosis
down-regulation of glomerular podocyte apoptosis
downregulation of glomerular podocyte apoptotic process
down regulation of glomerular podocyte apoptotic process
down-regulation of glomerular podocyte apoptotic process
downregulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptosis
down regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptosis
down-regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptosis
downregulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process
down regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process
down-regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process
downregulation of podocyte apoptotic process
down regulation of podocyte apoptotic process
down-regulation of podocyte apoptotic process
inhibition of glomerular podocyte apoptosis
inhibition of glomerular podocyte apoptotic process
inhibition of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptosis
inhibition of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process
inhibition of podocyte apoptotic process
negative regulation of glomerular podocyte apoptosis
negative regulation of glomerular podocyte apoptotic process
negative regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptosis
negative regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process
negative regulation of podocyte apoptosis
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diterpene stimulus.
cellular response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate stimulus.
cellular response to phorbol 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate
cellular response to tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucoside stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diterpene stimulus.
negative regulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycine secretion, neurotransmission.
downregulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission
down regulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission
down-regulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission
inhibition of glycine secretion, neurotransmission
regulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycine secretion, neurotransmission.
response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate stimulus.
response to phorbol 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate
response to tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
positive regulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycine secretion, neurotransmission.
activation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission
upregulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission
up regulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission
up-regulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dimethyl sulfoxide stimulus.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin binding.
downregulation of membrane associated actin binding
down regulation of membrane associated actin binding
down-regulation of membrane associated actin binding
inhibition of membrane associated actin binding
negative regulation of membrane associated actin binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin binding.
regulation of membrane associated actin binding
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dimethyl sulfoxide stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin binding.
activation of membrane associated actin binding
positive regulation of membrane associated actin binding
upregulation of membrane associated actin binding
up regulation of membrane associated actin binding
up-regulation of membrane associated actin binding
cellular response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine stimulus.
response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biphenyl stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biphenyl stimulus.
obsolete cellular response to monosodium L-glutamate
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monosodium L-glutamate stimulus.
obsolete response to monosodium L-glutamate
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monosodium L-glutamate stimulus.
cellular response to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl stimulus.
response to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl stimulus.
The directed movement of ATP out of a cell or organelle.
positive regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin protein ligase activity.
activation of anaphase-promoting complex activity
activation of APC-Cdc20 complex activity
activation of APC-fizzy related complex activity
activation of protein ubiquitination activity
activation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity
positive regulation of APC-fizzy related complex activity
positive regulation of protein ubiquitination activity
positive regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
upregulation of APC-fizzy related complex activity
up regulation of APC-fizzy related complex activity
up-regulation of APC-fizzy related complex activity
upregulation of protein ubiquitination activity
up regulation of protein ubiquitination activity
up-regulation of protein ubiquitination activity
upregulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
up-regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
upregulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity
up regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity
up-regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity
negative regulation of cell differentiation involved in stem cell population maintenance
Any negative regulation of cell differentiation that is involved in stem cell population maintenance.
downregulation of cell differentiation involved in maintenance of pluripotency
down regulation of cell differentiation involved in maintenance of pluripotency
down-regulation of cell differentiation involved in maintenance of pluripotency
downregulation of cell differentiation involved in stem cell population maintenance
down regulation of cell differentiation involved in stem cell population maintenance
down-regulation of cell differentiation involved in stem cell population maintenance
inhibition of cell differentiation involved in maintenance of pluripotency
inhibition of cell differentiation involved in stem cell population maintenance
negative regulation of cell differentiation involved in maintenance of pluripotency
obsolete actin filament polymerization involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
OBSOLETE. Any actin filament polymerization that is involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
positive regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation.
negative regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation.
negative regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin protein ligase activity.
downregulation of protein ubiquitination activity
down regulation of protein ubiquitination activity
down-regulation of protein ubiquitination activity
downregulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
down regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
down-regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
downregulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity
down regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity
down-regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity
inhibition of protein ubiquitination activity
inhibition of ubiquitin protein ligase activity
negative regulation of anaphase-promoting complex activity during mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of APC/C activity during mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of APC activity during mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of APC-Cdc20 complex activity
negative regulation of APC-fizzy related complex activity
negative regulation of cyclosome activity during mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of mitotic anaphase-promoting complex activity
negative regulation of protein ubiquitination activity
negative regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin protein ligase activity.
regulation of APC-fizzy related complex activity
regulation of protein ubiquitination activity
negative regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste.
downregulation of bitter taste perception
down regulation of bitter taste perception
down-regulation of bitter taste perception
downregulation of sensory perception of bitter taste
down regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste
down-regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste
inhibition of sensory perception of bitter taste
negative regulation of bitter taste perception
regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste.
regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation.
positive regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste.
activation of sensory perception of bitter taste
positive regulation of bitter taste perception
up regulation of bitter taste perception
up-regulation of bitter taste perception
upregulation of sensory perception of bitter taste
up regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste
up-regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste
negative regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of sweet taste.
downregulation of sensory perception of sweet taste
down regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste
down-regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste
downregulation of sweet taste perception
down regulation of sweet taste perception
down-regulation of sweet taste perception
inhibition of sensory perception of sweet taste
negative regulation of sweet taste perception
regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of sweet taste.
The process in which glucose is transported across a membrane.
positive regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of sweet taste.
activation of sensory perception of sweet taste
positive regulation of sweet taste perception
upregulation of sensory perception of sweet taste
up regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste
up-regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lung alveolus development.
protein localization to cell division site involved in cell separation after cytokinesis
Any protein localization to cell division site that is involved in cell separation after cytokinesis.
positive regulation of lung alveolus development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung alveolus development.
upregulation of lung alveolus development
up regulation of lung alveolus development
up-regulation of lung alveolus development
negative regulation of lung alveolus development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung alveolus development.
downregulation of lung alveolus development
down regulation of lung alveolus development
down-regulation of lung alveolus development
regulation of fat cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process.
regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process
regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rotenone stimulus.
positive regulation of fat cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process.
activation of adipocyte apoptotic process
activation of adipose cell apoptotic process
activation of fat cell apoptotic process
positive regulation of adipocyte apoptosis
positive regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process
positive regulation of adipose cell apoptosis
positive regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process
positive regulation of fat cell apoptosis
upregulation of adipocyte apoptotic process
up regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process
up-regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process
upregulation of adipose cell apoptotic process
up regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process
up-regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process
upregulation of fat cell apoptotic process
up regulation of fat cell apoptotic process
up-regulation of fat cell apoptotic process
negative regulation of fat cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process.
downregulation of adipocyte apoptotic process
down regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process
down-regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process
downregulation of adipose cell apoptosis
down regulation of adipose cell apoptosis
down-regulation of adipose cell apoptosis
downregulation of adipose cell apoptotic process
down regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process
down-regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process
downregulation of fat cell apoptotic process
down regulation of fat cell apoptotic process
down-regulation of fat cell apoptotic process
inhibition of adipocyte apoptotic process
inhibition of adipose cell apoptotic process
inhibition of fat cell apoptotic process
negative regulation of adipocyte apoptosis
negative regulation of adipocyte apoptotic process
negative regulation of adipose cell apoptosis
negative regulation of adipose cell apoptotic process
negative regulation of fat cell apoptosis
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a amyloid-beta stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a curcumin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rotenone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a amyloid-beta stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dinitrophenol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methionine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a curcumin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dinitrophenol stimulus.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex.
Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex assembly
Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex formation
Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
Any apoptotic process in a granulosa cell.
granulosa cell of ovary apoptotic process
negative regulation of protein localization to adherens junction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
downregulation of protein localisation in cell-cell adherens junction
down regulation of protein localisation in cell-cell adherens junction
down-regulation of protein localisation in cell-cell adherens junction
downregulation of protein localisation to cell-cell adherens junction
down regulation of protein localisation to cell-cell adherens junction
down-regulation of protein localisation to cell-cell adherens junction
downregulation of protein localization in cell-cell adherens junction
down regulation of protein localization in cell-cell adherens junction
down-regulation of protein localization in cell-cell adherens junction
downregulation of protein localization to cell-cell adherens junction
down regulation of protein localization to cell-cell adherens junction
down-regulation of protein localization to cell-cell adherens junction
inhibition of protein localisation in cell-cell adherens junction
inhibition of protein localisation to cell-cell adherens junction
inhibition of protein localization in cell-cell adherens junction
inhibition of protein localization to cell-cell adherens junction
negative regulation of protein localisation in cell-cell adherens junction
negative regulation of protein localisation to cell-cell adherens junction
negative regulation of protein localization in cell-cell adherens junction
regulation of protein localization to adherens junction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
regulation of protein localisation in cell-cell adherens junction
regulation of protein localisation to cell-cell adherens junction
regulation of protein localization in cell-cell adherens junction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation.
regulation of acinous cell proliferation
positive regulation of acinar cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation.
activation of acinous cell proliferation
positive regulation of acinic cell proliferation
positive regulation of acinous cell proliferation
upregulation of acinar cell proliferation
up regulation of acinar cell proliferation
up-regulation of acinar cell proliferation
upregulation of acinic cell proliferation
up regulation of acinic cell proliferation
up-regulation of acinic cell proliferation
upregulation of acinous cell proliferation
up regulation of acinous cell proliferation
up-regulation of acinous cell proliferation
negative regulation of acinar cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation.
downregulation of acinar cell proliferation
down regulation of acinar cell proliferation
down-regulation of acinar cell proliferation
downregulation of acinic cell proliferation
down regulation of acinic cell proliferation
down-regulation of acinic cell proliferation
downregulation of acinous cell proliferation
down regulation of acinous cell proliferation
down-regulation of acinous cell proliferation
inhibition of acinous cell proliferation
negative regulation of acinic cell proliferation
negative regulation of acinous cell proliferation
The developmental process by which a midbrain is generated and organized.
positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation.
activation of pancreatic B cell proliferation
activation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation
activation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
positive regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation
positive regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation
upregulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation
up regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation
up-regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation
upregulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation
up regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation
up-regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation
upregulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
up regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
up-regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.
activation of vascular smooth muscle contraction
positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction
upregulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction
up regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction
up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.
downregulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction
down regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction
down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction
inhibition of vascular smooth muscle contraction
negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction
negative regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational initiation.
downregulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation
down regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation
down-regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation
inhibition of cytoplasmic translational initiation
regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational initiation.
negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation.
downregulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation
down regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation
down-regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation
downregulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation
down regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation
down-regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation
downregulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
down regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
down-regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
inhibition of pancreatic B cell proliferation
inhibition of pancreatic beta cell proliferation
inhibition of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
negative regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation
negative regulation of pancreatic beta cell proliferation
positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational initiation.
activation of cytoplasmic translational initiation
upregulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation
up regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation
up-regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation
positive regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity.
activation of metalloendopeptidase activity
activation of metalloendoprotease activity
activation of metalloendoproteinase activity
positive regulation of metalloendoprotease activity
positive regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity
upregulation of metalloendopeptidase activity
up regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity
up-regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity
upregulation of metalloendoprotease activity
up regulation of metalloendoprotease activity
up-regulation of metalloendoprotease activity
upregulation of metalloendoproteinase activity
up regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity
up-regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity
negative regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity.
downregulation of metalloendopeptidase activity
down regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity
down-regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity
downregulation of metalloendoprotease activity
down regulation of metalloendoprotease activity
down-regulation of metalloendoprotease activity
downregulation of metalloendoproteinase activity
down regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity
down-regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity
inhibition of metalloendopeptidase activity
inhibition of metalloendoprotease activity
inhibition of metalloendoproteinase activity
negative regulation of metalloendoprotease activity
negative regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity
positive regulation of mitotic spindle disassembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle disassembly.
activation of mitotic spindle catabolism
activation of mitotic spindle degradation
activation of mitotic spindle disassembly
activation of spindle breakdown during mitosis
activation of spindle degradation during mitosis
activation of spindle disassembly during mitosis
positive regulation of mitotic spindle breakdown
positive regulation of mitotic spindle catabolism
positive regulation of mitotic spindle degradation
positive regulation of spindle breakdown during mitosis
positive regulation of spindle degradation during mitosis
positive regulation of spindle disassembly during mitosis
upregulation of mitotic spindle breakdown
up regulation of mitotic spindle breakdown
up-regulation of mitotic spindle breakdown
upregulation of mitotic spindle catabolism
up regulation of mitotic spindle catabolism
up-regulation of mitotic spindle catabolism
upregulation of mitotic spindle degradation
up regulation of mitotic spindle degradation
up-regulation of mitotic spindle degradation
upregulation of mitotic spindle disassembly
up regulation of mitotic spindle disassembly
up-regulation of mitotic spindle disassembly
upregulation of spindle breakdown during mitosis
up regulation of spindle breakdown during mitosis
up-regulation of spindle breakdown during mitosis
upregulation of spindle degradation during mitosis
up regulation of spindle degradation during mitosis
up-regulation of spindle degradation during mitosis
upregulation of spindle disassembly during mitosis
up regulation of spindle disassembly during mitosis
up-regulation of spindle disassembly during mitosis
regulation of mitotic spindle disassembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle disassembly.
regulation of mitotic spindle catabolism
regulation of mitotic spindle degradation
regulation of spindle breakdown during mitosis
regulation of spindle degradation during mitosis
regulation of spindle disassembly during mitosis
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3-methylcholanthrene stimulus.
peptide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a peptide from one side of a membrane to the other.
regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity.
regulation of metalloendoprotease activity
regulation of metalloendoproteinase activity
cellular response to 3-methylcholanthrene
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3-methylcholanthrene stimulus.
positive regulation of somatic stem cell division
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division.
activation of somatic stem cell division
positive regulation of somatic stem cell renewal
upregulation of somatic stem cell division
up regulation of somatic stem cell division
up-regulation of somatic stem cell division
upregulation of somatic stem cell renewal
up regulation of somatic stem cell renewal
up-regulation of somatic stem cell renewal
negative regulation of somatic stem cell division
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division.
downregulation of somatic stem cell division
down regulation of somatic stem cell division
down-regulation of somatic stem cell division
downregulation of somatic stem cell renewal
down regulation of somatic stem cell renewal
down-regulation of somatic stem cell renewal
inhibition of somatic stem cell division
negative regulation of somatic stem cell renewal
myo-inositol import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of myo-inositol from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
negative regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell population maintenance.
downregulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance
down regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance
down-regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance
inhibition of somatic stem cell population maintenance
regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell population maintenance.
regulation of somatic stem cell division
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division.
positive regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell population maintenance.
activation of somatic stem cell population maintenance
upregulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance
up regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance
up-regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance
negative regulation of electron transfer activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of electron transfer activity.
downregulation of 2Fe-2S electron transfer carrier
down regulation of 2Fe-2S electron transfer carrier
down-regulation of 2Fe-2S electron transfer carrier
downregulation of 3Fe-4S/4Fe-4S electron transfer carrier
down regulation of 3Fe-4S/4Fe-4S electron transfer carrier
down-regulation of 3Fe-4S/4Fe-4S electron transfer carrier
downregulation of adrenodoxin-type ferredoxin
down regulation of adrenodoxin-type ferredoxin
down-regulation of adrenodoxin-type ferredoxin
downregulation of bacterial-type ferredoxin
down regulation of bacterial-type ferredoxin
down-regulation of bacterial-type ferredoxin
downregulation of chloroplast-type ferredoxin
down regulation of chloroplast-type ferredoxin
down-regulation of chloroplast-type ferredoxin
downregulation of copper electron carrier
down regulation of copper electron carrier
down-regulation of copper electron carrier
downregulation of dicluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
down regulation of dicluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
down-regulation of dicluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
downregulation of electron acceptor activity
down regulation of electron acceptor activity
down-regulation of electron acceptor activity
downregulation of electron carrier, chlorophyll electron transport system
down regulation of electron carrier, chlorophyll electron transport system
down-regulation of electron carrier, chlorophyll electron transport system
downregulation of electron carrier activity
down regulation of electron carrier activity
down-regulation of electron carrier activity
downregulation of electron donor activity
down regulation of electron donor activity
down-regulation of electron donor activity
downregulation of electron transfer flavoprotein
down regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein
down-regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein
downregulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group I
down regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group I
down-regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group I
downregulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group II
down regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group II
down-regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group II
downregulation of electron transporter activity
down regulation of electron transporter activity
down-regulation of electron transporter activity
downregulation of high-potential iron-sulfur carrier
down regulation of high-potential iron-sulfur carrier
down-regulation of high-potential iron-sulfur carrier
downregulation of iron-sulfur electron transfer carrier
down regulation of iron-sulfur electron transfer carrier
down-regulation of iron-sulfur electron transfer carrier
downregulation of monocluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
down regulation of monocluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
down-regulation of monocluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
downregulation of mononuclear iron electron carrier
down regulation of mononuclear iron electron carrier
down-regulation of mononuclear iron electron carrier
downregulation of redox-active disulfide bond electron carrier
down regulation of redox-active disulfide bond electron carrier
down-regulation of redox-active disulfide bond electron carrier
downregulation of small blue copper electron carrier
down regulation of small blue copper electron carrier
down-regulation of small blue copper electron carrier
downregulation of thioredoxin-like 2Fe-2S ferredoxin
down regulation of thioredoxin-like 2Fe-2S ferredoxin
down-regulation of thioredoxin-like 2Fe-2S ferredoxin
inhibition of 2Fe-2S electron transfer carrier
inhibition of 3Fe-4S/4Fe-4S electron transfer carrier
inhibition of adrenodoxin-type ferredoxin
inhibition of chloroplast-type ferredoxin
inhibition of dicluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
inhibition of electron acceptor activity
inhibition of electron carrier, chlorophyll electron transport system
inhibition of electron transfer flavoprotein
inhibition of electron transfer flavoprotein, group I
inhibition of electron transfer flavoprotein, group II
inhibition of electron transporter activity
inhibition of high-potential iron-sulfur carrier
inhibition of iron-sulfur electron transfer carrier
inhibition of monocluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
inhibition of mononuclear iron electron carrier
inhibition of redox-active disulfide bond electron carrier
inhibition of small blue copper electron carrier
inhibition of thioredoxin-like 2Fe-2S ferredoxin
negative regulation of 2Fe-2S electron transfer carrier
negative regulation of 3Fe-4S/4Fe-4S electron transfer carrier
negative regulation of adrenodoxin-type ferredoxin
negative regulation of bacterial-type ferredoxin
negative regulation of chloroplast-type ferredoxin
negative regulation of copper electron carrier
negative regulation of dicluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
negative regulation of electron acceptor activity
negative regulation of electron carrier, chlorophyll electron transport system
negative regulation of electron donor activity
negative regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein
negative regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group I
negative regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group II
negative regulation of electron transporter activity
negative regulation of high-potential iron-sulfur carrier
negative regulation of iron-sulfur electron transfer carrier
negative regulation of monocluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
negative regulation of mononuclear iron electron carrier
negative regulation of redox-active disulfide bond electron carrier
negative regulation of small blue copper electron carrier
negative regulation of thioredoxin-like 2Fe-2S ferredoxin
regulation of electron transfer activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of electron transfer activity.
regulation of 2Fe-2S electron transfer carrier
regulation of 3Fe-4S/4Fe-4S electron transfer carrier
regulation of adrenodoxin-type ferredoxin
regulation of chloroplast-type ferredoxin
regulation of dicluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
regulation of electron acceptor activity
regulation of electron carrier, chlorophyll electron transport system
regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein
regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group I
regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group II
regulation of electron transporter activity
regulation of high-potential iron-sulfur carrier
regulation of iron-sulfur electron transfer carrier
regulation of monocluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
regulation of mononuclear iron electron carrier
regulation of redox-active disulfide bond electron carrier
regulation of small blue copper electron carrier
regulation of thioredoxin-like 2Fe-2S ferredoxin
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
positive regulation of electron transfer activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of electron transfer activity.
activation of 2Fe-2S electron transfer carrier
activation of 3Fe-4S/4Fe-4S electron transfer carrier
activation of adrenodoxin-type ferredoxin
activation of chloroplast-type ferredoxin
activation of dicluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
activation of electron acceptor activity
activation of electron carrier, chlorophyll electron transport system
activation of electron transfer flavoprotein
activation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group I
activation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group II
activation of electron transporter activity
activation of high-potential iron-sulfur carrier
activation of iron-sulfur electron transfer carrier
activation of monocluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
activation of mononuclear iron electron carrier
activation of redox-active disulfide bond electron carrier
activation of small blue copper electron carrier
activation of thioredoxin-like 2Fe-2S ferredoxin
positive regulation of 2Fe-2S electron transfer carrier
positive regulation of 3Fe-4S/4Fe-4S electron transfer carrier
positive regulation of adrenodoxin-type ferredoxin
positive regulation of bacterial-type ferredoxin
positive regulation of chloroplast-type ferredoxin
positive regulation of copper electron carrier
positive regulation of dicluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
positive regulation of electron acceptor activity
positive regulation of electron carrier, chlorophyll electron transport system
positive regulation of electron donor activity
positive regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein
positive regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group I
positive regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group II
positive regulation of electron transporter activity
positive regulation of high-potential iron-sulfur carrier
positive regulation of iron-sulfur electron transfer carrier
positive regulation of monocluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
positive regulation of mononuclear iron electron carrier
positive regulation of redox-active disulfide bond electron carrier
positive regulation of small blue copper electron carrier
positive regulation of thioredoxin-like 2Fe-2S ferredoxin
upregulation of 2Fe-2S electron transfer carrier
up regulation of 2Fe-2S electron transfer carrier
up-regulation of 2Fe-2S electron transfer carrier
upregulation of 3Fe-4S/4Fe-4S electron transfer carrier
up regulation of 3Fe-4S/4Fe-4S electron transfer carrier
up-regulation of 3Fe-4S/4Fe-4S electron transfer carrier
upregulation of adrenodoxin-type ferredoxin
up regulation of adrenodoxin-type ferredoxin
up-regulation of adrenodoxin-type ferredoxin
upregulation of bacterial-type ferredoxin
up regulation of bacterial-type ferredoxin
up-regulation of bacterial-type ferredoxin
upregulation of chloroplast-type ferredoxin
up regulation of chloroplast-type ferredoxin
up-regulation of chloroplast-type ferredoxin
up regulation of copper electron carrier
up-regulation of copper electron carrier
upregulation of dicluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
up regulation of dicluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
up-regulation of dicluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
upregulation of electron acceptor activity
up regulation of electron acceptor activity
up-regulation of electron acceptor activity
upregulation of electron carrier, chlorophyll electron transport system
up regulation of electron carrier, chlorophyll electron transport system
up-regulation of electron carrier, chlorophyll electron transport system
upregulation of electron carrier activity
up regulation of electron carrier activity
up-regulation of electron carrier activity
up regulation of electron donor activity
up-regulation of electron donor activity
upregulation of electron transfer flavoprotein
up regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein
up-regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein
upregulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group I
up regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group I
up-regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group I
upregulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group II
up regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group II
up-regulation of electron transfer flavoprotein, group II
upregulation of electron transporter activity
up regulation of electron transporter activity
up-regulation of electron transporter activity
upregulation of high-potential iron-sulfur carrier
up regulation of high-potential iron-sulfur carrier
up-regulation of high-potential iron-sulfur carrier
upregulation of iron-sulfur electron transfer carrier
up regulation of iron-sulfur electron transfer carrier
up-regulation of iron-sulfur electron transfer carrier
upregulation of monocluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
up regulation of monocluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
up-regulation of monocluster bacterial-type ferredoxin
upregulation of mononuclear iron electron carrier
up regulation of mononuclear iron electron carrier
up-regulation of mononuclear iron electron carrier
upregulation of redox-active disulfide bond electron carrier
up regulation of redox-active disulfide bond electron carrier
up-regulation of redox-active disulfide bond electron carrier
upregulation of small blue copper electron carrier
up regulation of small blue copper electron carrier
up-regulation of small blue copper electron carrier
upregulation of thioredoxin-like 2Fe-2S ferredoxin
up regulation of thioredoxin-like 2Fe-2S ferredoxin
up-regulation of thioredoxin-like 2Fe-2S ferredoxin
regulation of intestinal lipid absorption
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal lipid absorption.
positive regulation of replicative senescence
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of replicative senescence.
positive regulation of intestinal lipid absorption
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal lipid absorption.
activation of intestinal lipid absorption
upregulation of intestinal lipid absorption
up regulation of intestinal lipid absorption
up-regulation of intestinal lipid absorption
negative regulation of intestinal lipid absorption
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal lipid absorption.
downregulation of intestinal lipid absorption
down regulation of intestinal lipid absorption
down-regulation of intestinal lipid absorption
inhibition of intestinal lipid absorption
obsolete TFIIB-class transcription factor binding involved in negative regulation of transcription
OBSOLETE. Any TFIIB-class transcription factor binding that is involved in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription.
Any membrane-enclosed lumen that is part of a tertiary granule.
gelatinase granule membrane-enclosed lumen
membrane-enclosed lumen of gelatinase granule
membrane-enclosed lumen of tertiary granule
tertiary granule membrane-enclosed lumen
negative regulation of replicative senescence
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of replicative senescence.
downregulation of replicative senescence
down regulation of replicative senescence
down-regulation of replicative senescence
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replicative senescence.
obsolete negative regulation of mRNA endonucleolytic cleavage involved in unfolded protein response
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA endonucleolytic cleavage involved in unfolded protein response.
obsolete regulation of mRNA endonucleolytic cleavage involved in unfolded protein response
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA endonucleolytic cleavage involved in unfolded protein response.
negative regulation of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly.
downregulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
down regulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
down-regulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
downregulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
down regulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
down-regulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
downregulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex assembly
down regulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex assembly
down-regulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex assembly
downregulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex formation
down regulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex formation
down-regulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex formation
downregulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex assembly
down regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex assembly
down-regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex assembly
downregulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex formation
down regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex formation
down-regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex formation
downregulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex assembly
down regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex assembly
down-regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex assembly
downregulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex formation
down regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex formation
down-regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex formation
downregulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
down regulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
down-regulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
downregulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
down regulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
down-regulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
inhibition of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
inhibition of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
inhibition of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex assembly
inhibition of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex formation
inhibition of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex assembly
inhibition of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex formation
inhibition of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex assembly
inhibition of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex formation
inhibition of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
inhibition of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
negative regulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
negative regulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
negative regulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex assembly
negative regulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex formation
negative regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex assembly
negative regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex formation
negative regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex assembly
negative regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex formation
negative regulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
negative regulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
obsolete positive regulation of mRNA endonucleolytic cleavage involved in unfolded protein response
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA endonucleolytic cleavage involved in unfolded protein response.
regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering.
regulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor clustering
positive regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated autophagy.
activation of chaperone-mediated autophagy
upregulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy
up regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy
up-regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy
positive regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering.
activation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor clustering
activation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering
positive regulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor clustering
positive regulation of AMPA receptor clustering
upregulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor clustering
up regulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor clustering
up-regulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor clustering
upregulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering
up regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering
up-regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering
upregulation of AMPA receptor clustering
up regulation of AMPA receptor clustering
up-regulation of AMPA receptor clustering
negative regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering.
downregulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor clustering
down regulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor clustering
down-regulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor clustering
downregulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering
down regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering
down-regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering
downregulation of AMPA receptor clustering
down regulation of AMPA receptor clustering
down-regulation of AMPA receptor clustering
inhibition of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor clustering
inhibition of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering
negative regulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor clustering
negative regulation of AMPA receptor clustering
beta-catenin destruction complex binding
Binding to a beta-catenin destruction complex.
Axin-APC-beta-catenin-GSK3B complex binding
beta-catenin degradation complex binding
positive regulation of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly.
activation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
activation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
activation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex assembly
activation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex formation
activation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex assembly
activation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex formation
activation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex assembly
activation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex formation
activation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
activation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
positive regulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
positive regulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
positive regulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex assembly
positive regulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex formation
positive regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex assembly
positive regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex formation
positive regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex assembly
positive regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex formation
positive regulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
positive regulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
upregulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
up regulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
up-regulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
upregulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
up regulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
up-regulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
upregulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex assembly
up regulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex assembly
up-regulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex assembly
upregulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex formation
up regulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex formation
up-regulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex formation
upregulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex assembly
up regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex assembly
up-regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex assembly
upregulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex formation
up regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex formation
up-regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex formation
upregulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex assembly
up regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex assembly
up-regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex assembly
upregulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex formation
up regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex formation
up-regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex formation
upregulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
up regulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
up-regulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
upregulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
up regulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
up-regulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated autophagy.
downregulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy
down regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy
down-regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy
inhibition of chaperone-mediated autophagy
regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated autophagy.
negative regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell apoptotic process.
downregulation of granulosa cell apoptosis
down regulation of granulosa cell apoptosis
down-regulation of granulosa cell apoptosis
downregulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process
down regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process
down-regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process
downregulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptosis
down regulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptosis
down-regulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptosis
downregulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptotic process
down regulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptotic process
down-regulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptotic process
inhibition of granulosa cell apoptotic process
inhibition of granulosa cell of ovary apoptosis
inhibition of granulosa cell of ovary apoptotic process
negative regulation of granulosa cell apoptosis
negative regulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptosis
negative regulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptotic process
regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell apoptotic process.
regulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptosis
regulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptotic process
regulation of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly.
regulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
regulation of Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
regulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex assembly
regulation of Wnt-FZD-LRP5/6 trimeric complex formation
regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex assembly
regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP5 complex formation
regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex assembly
regulation of WNT-FZD-LRP6 complex formation
regulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly
regulation of Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex formation
regulation of Wnt receptor complex assembly
positive regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell apoptotic process.
activation of granulosa cell apoptotic process
activation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptosis
activation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptotic process
positive regulation of granulosa cell apoptosis
positive regulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptosis
positive regulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptotic process
upregulation of granulosa cell apoptosis
up regulation of granulosa cell apoptosis
up-regulation of granulosa cell apoptosis
upregulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process
up regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process
up-regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process
upregulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptosis
up regulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptosis
up-regulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptosis
upregulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptotic process
up regulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptotic process
up-regulation of granulosa cell of ovary apoptotic process
regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.
regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
positive regulation of protein localization to adherens junction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
activation of protein localisation in cell-cell adherens junction
activation of protein localisation to cell-cell adherens junction
activation of protein localization in cell-cell adherens junction
activation of protein localization to cell-cell adherens junction
positive regulation of protein localisation in cell-cell adherens junction
positive regulation of protein localisation to cell-cell adherens junction
positive regulation of protein localization in cell-cell adherens junction
upregulation of protein localisation in cell-cell adherens junction
up regulation of protein localisation in cell-cell adherens junction
up-regulation of protein localisation in cell-cell adherens junction
upregulation of protein localisation to cell-cell adherens junction
up regulation of protein localisation to cell-cell adherens junction
up-regulation of protein localisation to cell-cell adherens junction
upregulation of protein localization in cell-cell adherens junction
up regulation of protein localization in cell-cell adherens junction
up-regulation of protein localization in cell-cell adherens junction
upregulation of protein localization to cell-cell adherens junction
up regulation of protein localization to cell-cell adherens junction
up-regulation of protein localization to cell-cell adherens junction
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.
activation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
positive regulation of VSMC proliferation
upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
up regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.
downregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
down regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
negative regulation of VSMC proliferation
obsolete positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to maltose
OBSOLETE. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a maltose stimulus.
chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex disassembly
The disaggregation of a chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex into its constituent components.
chaperone-mediated autophagy receptor complex disassembly
obsolete negative regulation of macroautophagy by TORC1 signaling
OBSOLETE. A TORC1 signaling that results in negative regulation of macroautophagy.
negative regulation of myofibroblast differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation.
downregulation of myofibroblast cell differentiation
down regulation of myofibroblast cell differentiation
down-regulation of myofibroblast cell differentiation
downregulation of myofibroblast differentiation
down regulation of myofibroblast differentiation
down-regulation of myofibroblast differentiation
inhibition of myofibroblast cell differentiation
inhibition of myofibroblast differentiation
negative regulation of myofibroblast cell differentiation
regulation of myofibroblast differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation.
regulation of myofibroblast cell differentiation
chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex.
chaperone-mediated autophagy receptor complex assembly
chaperone-mediated autophagy receptor complex formation
chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex formation
positive regulation of myofibroblast differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation.
activation of myofibroblast cell differentiation
activation of myofibroblast differentiation
positive regulation of myofibroblast cell differentiation
upregulation of myofibroblast cell differentiation
up regulation of myofibroblast cell differentiation
up-regulation of myofibroblast cell differentiation
upregulation of myofibroblast differentiation
up regulation of myofibroblast differentiation
up-regulation of myofibroblast differentiation
positive regulation of gut granule assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gut granule assembly.
positive regulation of gut granule biogenesis
positive regulation of gut granule formation
negative regulation of gut granule assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gut granule assembly.
downregulation of gut granule biogenesis
down regulation of gut granule biogenesis
down-regulation of gut granule biogenesis
down regulation of gut granule formation
down-regulation of gut granule formation
negative regulation of gut granule biogenesis
negative regulation of gut granule formation
protein localization to equatorial microtubule organizing center
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an equatorial microtubule organizing center.
protein localisation in equatorial microtubule organizing center
protein localisation to equatorial microtubule organizing center
protein localization in equatorial microtubule organizing center
protein localization to new growing cell tip
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a new growing cell tip.
protein localisation in new growing cell tip
protein localisation to new growing cell tip
protein localization in new growing cell tip
protein localization to new cell tip after activation of bipolar cell growth
protein localization to new growing cell end
protein localization to post-NETO new cell end
protein localization to post-NETO new cell tip
protein localization to post-new end take-off new cell tip
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration.
downregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration
down regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration
down-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration
downregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration
down regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration
down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration
inhibition of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration
inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell migration
negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration
regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration.
regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gut granule assembly.
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration.
activation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration
activation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration
positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration
upregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration
up regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration
up-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration
upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration
up regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration
up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration
regulation of protein localization to nucleolus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus.
regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus
regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus
regulation of protein localization in nucleolus
regulation of apoptotic process involved in development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.
regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development
regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development
regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure
regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development
regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development
regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure
regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development
regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure
regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development
regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure
regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development
regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
positive regulation of protein localization to nucleolus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus.
activation of protein localisation in nucleolus
activation of protein localisation to nucleolus
activation of protein localization in nucleolus
activation of protein localization to nucleolus
positive regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus
positive regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus
positive regulation of protein localization in nucleolus
upregulation of protein localisation in nucleolus
up regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus
up-regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus
upregulation of protein localisation to nucleolus
up regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus
up-regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus
upregulation of protein localization in nucleolus
up regulation of protein localization in nucleolus
up-regulation of protein localization in nucleolus
upregulation of protein localization to nucleolus
up regulation of protein localization to nucleolus
up-regulation of protein localization to nucleolus
negative regulation of protein localization to nucleolus
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus.
downregulation of protein localisation in nucleolus
down regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus
down-regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus
downregulation of protein localisation to nucleolus
down regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus
down-regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus
downregulation of protein localization in nucleolus
down regulation of protein localization in nucleolus
down-regulation of protein localization in nucleolus
downregulation of protein localization to nucleolus
down regulation of protein localization to nucleolus
down-regulation of protein localization to nucleolus
inhibition of protein localisation in nucleolus
inhibition of protein localisation to nucleolus
inhibition of protein localization in nucleolus
inhibition of protein localization to nucleolus
negative regulation of protein localisation in nucleolus
negative regulation of protein localisation to nucleolus
negative regulation of protein localization in nucleolus
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an Atg1/UKL1 kinase complex.
positive regulation of telomeric DNA binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric DNA binding.
positive regulation of telomeric repeat binding
upregulation of telomeric repeat binding
up regulation of telomeric repeat binding
up-regulation of telomeric repeat binding
positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.
activation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
activation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development
activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
activation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development
activation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure
activation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development
activation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
activation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development
activation of apoptotic process involved in development
activation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure
activation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development
activation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure
activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development
activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure
activation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
activation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development
activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
activation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
activation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development
positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
positive regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development
positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure
positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development
positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development
positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure
positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development
positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure
positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development
positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure
positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development
positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development
up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development
up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development
upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
upregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
up regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
up-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
upregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
up regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development
up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development
up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development
upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure
up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure
up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure
upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development
up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development
up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development
upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
upregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development
up regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development
up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development
upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development
up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development
up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development
upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure
up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure
up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure
upregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development
up regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development
up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development
upregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure
up regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure
up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure
upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development
up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development
up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development
upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure
up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure
up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure
upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development
up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development
up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development
upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.
downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development
down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development
down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development
downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
downregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
down regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
down-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
downregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
down regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development
down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development
down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development
downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure
down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure
down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure
downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development
down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development
down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development
downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
downregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development
down regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development
down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development
downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development
down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development
down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development
downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure
down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure
down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure
downregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development
down regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development
down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development
downregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure
down regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure
down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure
downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development
down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development
down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development
downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure
down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure
down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure
downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development
down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development
down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development
downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development
inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
inhibition of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
inhibition of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development
inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure
inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development
inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
inhibition of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development
inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development
inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure
inhibition of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development
inhibition of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure
inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development
inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure
inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development
inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development
negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
negative regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development
negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure
negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development
negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development
negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure
negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development
negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure
negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development
negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure
negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development
negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure
negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development
negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure
negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development
negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure
obsolete positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.
obsolete positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. A transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.
negative regulation of telomeric DNA binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric DNA binding.
down regulation of telomeric DNA binding
down-regulation of telomeric DNA binding
downregulation of telomeric repeat binding
down regulation of telomeric repeat binding
down-regulation of telomeric repeat binding
negative regulation of telomeric repeat binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric DNA binding.
positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
activation of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
upregulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
up regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
up-regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
downregulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
down regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
down-regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
inhibition of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
obsolete regulation of synapse organization by posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression
OBSOLETE. A posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression that results in regulation of synapse organization.
vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration
The orderly movement of a vascular associated smooth muscle cell from one site to another.
negative regulation of core promoter binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding.
down regulation of core promoter binding
down-regulation of core promoter binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron remodeling.
positive regulation of core promoter binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding.
positive regulation of shelterin complex assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of shelterin complex assembly.
activation of Pot1-Tpz1 complex assembly
activation of shelterin complex formation
positive regulation of Pot1 complex assembly
positive regulation of Pot1-Tpz1 complex assembly
positive regulation of shelterin complex formation
positive regulation of telosome assembly
upregulation of Pot1-Tpz1 complex assembly
up regulation of Pot1-Tpz1 complex assembly
up-regulation of Pot1-Tpz1 complex assembly
upregulation of shelterin complex formation
up regulation of shelterin complex formation
up-regulation of shelterin complex formation
positive regulation of euchromatin binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding.
negative regulation of euchromatin binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding.
regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring maintenance
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring maintenance.
regulation of contractile ring maintenance involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle
regulation of cytokinesis, contractile ring maintenance, involved in cytokinesis during cell cycle involved in mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of shelterin complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of shelterin complex assembly.
down regulation of Pot1 complex assembly
down-regulation of Pot1 complex assembly
downregulation of Pot1-Tpz1 complex assembly
down regulation of Pot1-Tpz1 complex assembly
down-regulation of Pot1-Tpz1 complex assembly
downregulation of shelterin complex formation
down regulation of shelterin complex formation
down-regulation of shelterin complex formation
inhibition of Pot1-Tpz1 complex assembly
inhibition of shelterin complex formation
negative regulation of Pot1 complex assembly
negative regulation of Pot1-Tpz1 complex assembly
negative regulation of shelterin complex formation
negative regulation of telosome assembly
regulation of shelterin complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shelterin complex assembly.
regulation of Pot1-Tpz1 complex assembly
regulation of shelterin complex formation
regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination.
regulation of asymmetric protein localisation involved in cell fate determination
regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate commitment
regulation of asymmetric protein localization resulting in cell fate commitment
regulation of cell fate commitment, asymmetric protein localization
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a NLRP1 inflammasome complex.
positive regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination.
activation of asymmetric protein localisation involved in cell fate determination
activation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate commitment
activation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination
activation of asymmetric protein localization resulting in cell fate commitment
activation of cell fate commitment, asymmetric protein localization
positive regulation of asymmetric protein localisation involved in cell fate determination
positive regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate commitment
positive regulation of asymmetric protein localization resulting in cell fate commitment
positive regulation of cell fate commitment, asymmetric protein localization
upregulation of asymmetric protein localisation involved in cell fate determination
up regulation of asymmetric protein localisation involved in cell fate determination
up-regulation of asymmetric protein localisation involved in cell fate determination
upregulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate commitment
up regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate commitment
up-regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate commitment
upregulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination
up regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination
up-regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination
upregulation of asymmetric protein localization resulting in cell fate commitment
up regulation of asymmetric protein localization resulting in cell fate commitment
up-regulation of asymmetric protein localization resulting in cell fate commitment
upregulation of cell fate commitment, asymmetric protein localization
up regulation of cell fate commitment, asymmetric protein localization
up-regulation of cell fate commitment, asymmetric protein localization
negative regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination.
downregulation of asymmetric protein localisation involved in cell fate determination
down regulation of asymmetric protein localisation involved in cell fate determination
down-regulation of asymmetric protein localisation involved in cell fate determination
downregulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate commitment
down regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate commitment
down-regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate commitment
downregulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination
down regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination
down-regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination
downregulation of asymmetric protein localization resulting in cell fate commitment
down regulation of asymmetric protein localization resulting in cell fate commitment
down-regulation of asymmetric protein localization resulting in cell fate commitment
downregulation of cell fate commitment, asymmetric protein localization
down regulation of cell fate commitment, asymmetric protein localization
down-regulation of cell fate commitment, asymmetric protein localization
inhibition of asymmetric protein localisation involved in cell fate determination
inhibition of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate commitment
inhibition of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination
inhibition of asymmetric protein localization resulting in cell fate commitment
inhibition of cell fate commitment, asymmetric protein localization
negative regulation of asymmetric protein localisation involved in cell fate determination
negative regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate commitment
negative regulation of asymmetric protein localization resulting in cell fate commitment
negative regulation of cell fate commitment, asymmetric protein localization
positive regulation of protein localization to centrosome
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to centrosome.
activation of protein localisation to centrosome
activation of protein localization to centrosome
positive regulation of protein localisation to centrosome
upregulation of protein localisation to centrosome
up regulation of protein localisation to centrosome
up-regulation of protein localisation to centrosome
upregulation of protein localization to centrosome
up regulation of protein localization to centrosome
up-regulation of protein localization to centrosome
negative regulation of protein localization to centrosome
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to centrosome.
downregulation of protein localisation to centrosome
down regulation of protein localisation to centrosome
down-regulation of protein localisation to centrosome
downregulation of protein localization to centrosome
down regulation of protein localization to centrosome
down-regulation of protein localization to centrosome
inhibition of protein localisation to centrosome
inhibition of protein localization to centrosome
negative regulation of protein localisation to centrosome
positive regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NMDA glutamate receptor activity.
activation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity
activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity
positive regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity
upregulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity
up regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity
up-regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity
upregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity
up regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity
up-regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity
negative regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NMDA glutamate receptor activity.
downregulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity
down regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity
down-regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity
downregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity
down regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity
down-regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity
inhibition of NMDA glutamate receptor activity
inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity
negative regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity
negative regulation of protein localization to cell cortex
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell cortex.
downregulation of protein localisation to cell cortex
down regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex
down-regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex
downregulation of protein localization to cell cortex
down regulation of protein localization to cell cortex
down-regulation of protein localization to cell cortex
inhibition of protein localisation to cell cortex
inhibition of protein localization to cell cortex
negative regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex
regulation of protein localization to cell cortex
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell cortex.
regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex
regulation of protein localization to centrosome
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to centrosome.
regulation of protein localisation to centrosome
positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell cortex.
activation of protein localisation to cell cortex
activation of protein localization to cell cortex
positive regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex
upregulation of protein localisation to cell cortex
up regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex
up-regulation of protein localisation to cell cortex
upregulation of protein localization to cell cortex
up regulation of protein localization to cell cortex
up-regulation of protein localization to cell cortex
obsolete cellular response to tetrachloromethane
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetrachloromethane stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetrachloromethane stimulus.
positive regulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquinone biosynthetic process.
activation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic process
activation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthetic process
activation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthetic process
activation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthetic process
activation of coenzyme Q biosynthetic process
activation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process
positive regulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis
positive regulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthesis
positive regulation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthesis
positive regulation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthesis
positive regulation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthetic process
positive regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthesis
positive regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthetic process
positive regulation of ubiquinone anabolism
positive regulation of ubiquinone biosynthesis
positive regulation of ubiquinone formation
positive regulation of ubiquinone synthesis
upregulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis
up regulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis
up-regulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis
upregulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic process
up regulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic process
up-regulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic process
upregulation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthesis
up regulation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthesis
up-regulation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthesis
upregulation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthetic process
up regulation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthetic process
up-regulation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthetic process
upregulation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthesis
up regulation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthesis
up-regulation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthesis
upregulation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthetic process
up regulation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthetic process
up-regulation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthetic process
upregulation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthesis
up regulation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthesis
up-regulation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthesis
upregulation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthetic process
up regulation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthetic process
up-regulation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthetic process
up regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthesis
up-regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthesis
upregulation of coenzyme Q biosynthetic process
up regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthetic process
up-regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthetic process
up regulation of ubiquinone biosynthesis
up-regulation of ubiquinone biosynthesis
upregulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process
up regulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process
up-regulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process
negative regulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquinone biosynthetic process.
downregulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis
down regulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis
down-regulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis
downregulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic process
down regulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic process
down-regulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic process
downregulation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthesis
down regulation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthesis
down-regulation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthesis
downregulation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthetic process
down regulation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthetic process
down-regulation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthetic process
downregulation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthesis
down regulation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthesis
down-regulation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthesis
downregulation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthetic process
down regulation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthetic process
down-regulation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthetic process
downregulation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthesis
down regulation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthesis
down-regulation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthesis
downregulation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthetic process
down regulation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthetic process
down-regulation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthetic process
downregulation of coenzyme Q biosynthesis
down regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthesis
down-regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthesis
downregulation of coenzyme Q biosynthetic process
down regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthetic process
down-regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthetic process
downregulation of ubiquinone biosynthesis
down regulation of ubiquinone biosynthesis
down-regulation of ubiquinone biosynthesis
downregulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process
down regulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process
down-regulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process
inhibition of coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic process
inhibition of coenzyme Q6 biosynthetic process
inhibition of coenzyme Q8 biosynthetic process
inhibition of coenzyme Q9 biosynthetic process
inhibition of coenzyme Q biosynthetic process
inhibition of ubiquinone biosynthetic process
negative regulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis
negative regulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthesis
negative regulation of coenzyme Q6 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthesis
negative regulation of coenzyme Q8 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthesis
negative regulation of coenzyme Q9 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthesis
negative regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthetic process
negative regulation of ubiquinone anabolism
negative regulation of ubiquinone biosynthesis
negative regulation of ubiquinone formation
negative regulation of ubiquinone synthesis
obsolete cellular response to doxorubicin
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a doxorubicin stimulus.
The developmental process by which an intramembranous bone is generated and organized.
regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation.
positive regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process.
activation of hydrogen sulfide anabolism
activation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis
activation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process
activation of hydrogen sulfide formation
activation of hydrogen sulfide synthesis
activation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthesis
activation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthetic process
positive regulation of hydrogen sulfide anabolism
positive regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis
positive regulation of hydrogen sulfide formation
positive regulation of hydrogen sulfide synthesis
positive regulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthesis
positive regulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthetic process
upregulation of hydrogen sulfide anabolism
up regulation of hydrogen sulfide anabolism
up-regulation of hydrogen sulfide anabolism
upregulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis
up regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis
up-regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis
upregulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process
up regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process
up-regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process
upregulation of hydrogen sulfide formation
up regulation of hydrogen sulfide formation
up-regulation of hydrogen sulfide formation
upregulation of hydrogen sulfide synthesis
up regulation of hydrogen sulfide synthesis
up-regulation of hydrogen sulfide synthesis
upregulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthesis
up regulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthesis
up-regulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthesis
upregulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthetic process
up regulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthetic process
up-regulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthetic process
positive regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation.
activation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation
upregulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation
up regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation
up-regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation
negative regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation.
downregulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation
down regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation
down-regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation
inhibition of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation
protein localization to microtubule plus-end
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule plus-end.
protein localisation to microtubule plus-end
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an anaphase-promoting complex.
negative regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process.
downregulation of hydrogen sulfide anabolism
down regulation of hydrogen sulfide anabolism
down-regulation of hydrogen sulfide anabolism
downregulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis
down regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis
down-regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis
downregulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process
down regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process
down-regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process
downregulation of hydrogen sulfide formation
down regulation of hydrogen sulfide formation
down-regulation of hydrogen sulfide formation
downregulation of hydrogen sulfide synthesis
down regulation of hydrogen sulfide synthesis
down-regulation of hydrogen sulfide synthesis
downregulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthesis
down regulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthesis
down-regulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthesis
downregulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthetic process
down regulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthetic process
down-regulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthetic process
inhibition of hydrogen sulfide anabolism
inhibition of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis
inhibition of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process
inhibition of hydrogen sulfide formation
inhibition of hydrogen sulfide synthesis
inhibition of hydrogen sulphide biosynthesis
inhibition of hydrogen sulphide biosynthetic process
negative regulation of hydrogen sulfide anabolism
negative regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis
negative regulation of hydrogen sulfide formation
negative regulation of hydrogen sulfide synthesis
negative regulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthesis
negative regulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthetic process
regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process.
regulation of hydrogen sulfide anabolism
regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis
regulation of hydrogen sulfide formation
regulation of hydrogen sulfide synthesis
regulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthesis
regulation of hydrogen sulphide biosynthetic process
The disaggregation of a chloroplast into its constituent components.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
purine nucleobase transmembrane transport
The process in which a purine nucleobase is transported across a membrane.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a serous membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
positive regulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region.
activation of protein localisation to chromosome, telomeric region
activation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
activation of protein localization to telomere
positive regulation of protein localisation to chromosome, telomeric region
positive regulation of protein localization to telomere
upregulation of protein localisation to chromosome, telomeric region
up regulation of protein localisation to chromosome, telomeric region
up-regulation of protein localisation to chromosome, telomeric region
upregulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
up regulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
up-regulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
upregulation of protein localization to telomere
up regulation of protein localization to telomere
up-regulation of protein localization to telomere
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a parietal peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a visceral peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any membrane-enclosed lumen that is part of a ficolin-1-rich granule.
ficolin-1-rich granule membrane-enclosed lumen
membrane-enclosed lumen of ficolin-1 rich granule
membrane-enclosed lumen of ficolin-1-rich granule
membrane-enclosed lumen of ficolin granule
rRNA acetylation involved in maturation of SSU-rRNA
Any rRNA acetylation that is involved in maturation of SSU-rRNA.
rRNA acetylation involved in processing of 20S pre-rRNA
rRNA acetylation involved in SSU-rRNA maturation
negative regulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region.
downregulation of protein localisation to chromosome, telomeric region
down regulation of protein localisation to chromosome, telomeric region
down-regulation of protein localisation to chromosome, telomeric region
downregulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
down regulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
down-regulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
downregulation of protein localization to telomere
down regulation of protein localization to telomere
down-regulation of protein localization to telomere
inhibition of protein localisation to chromosome, telomeric region
inhibition of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
inhibition of protein localization to telomere
negative regulation of protein localisation to chromosome, telomeric region
negative regulation of protein localization to telomere
regulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region.
regulation of protein localisation to chromosome, telomeric region
regulation of protein localization to telomere
regulation of dense core granule transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule transport.
regulation of dense core vesicle transport
positive regulation of protein oxidation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oxidation.
activation of protein amino acid oxidation
positive regulation of protein amino acid oxidation
upregulation of protein amino acid oxidation
up regulation of protein amino acid oxidation
up-regulation of protein amino acid oxidation
positive regulation of dense core granule transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule transport.
activation of dense core granule transport
activation of dense core vesicle transport
positive regulation of dense core vesicle transport
upregulation of dense core granule transport
up regulation of dense core granule transport
up-regulation of dense core granule transport
upregulation of dense core vesicle transport
up regulation of dense core vesicle transport
up-regulation of dense core vesicle transport
negative regulation of dense core granule transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule transport.
downregulation of dense core granule transport
down regulation of dense core granule transport
down-regulation of dense core granule transport
downregulation of dense core vesicle transport
down regulation of dense core vesicle transport
down-regulation of dense core vesicle transport
inhibition of dense core granule transport
inhibition of dense core vesicle transport
negative regulation of dense core vesicle transport
negative regulation of protein oxidation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein oxidation.
downregulation of protein amino acid oxidation
down regulation of protein amino acid oxidation
down-regulation of protein amino acid oxidation
inhibition of protein amino acid oxidation
negative regulation of protein amino acid oxidation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein oxidation.
regulation of protein amino acid oxidation
positive regulation of neuron remodeling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron remodeling.
positive regulation of neuronal remodeling
negative regulation of neuron remodeling
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron remodeling.
negative regulation of neuronal remodeling
regulation of translation involved in cellular response to UV
Any regulation of translation that is involved in cellular response to UV.
regulation of protein anabolism involved in cellular response to UV
regulation of protein biosynthesis involved in cellular response to UV
regulation of protein formation involved in cellular response to UV
regulation of protein synthesis involved in cellular response to UV
regulation of translation involved in cellular response to ultraviolet light stimulus
regulation of translation involved in cellular response to ultraviolet radiation stimulus
regulation of translation involved in cellular response to UV light stimulus
regulation of translation involved in cellular response to UV radiation stimulus
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a RITS complex.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an excitatory synapse.
DNA synthesis involved in mitotic DNA replication
Any DNA biosynthetic process that is involved in mitotic DNA replication.
DNA anabolism involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA anabolism involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA anabolism involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA anabolism involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
DNA anabolism involved in mitotic DNA replication
DNA anabolism involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
DNA anabolism involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA biosynthesis involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA biosynthesis involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA biosynthesis involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA biosynthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
DNA biosynthesis involved in mitotic DNA replication
DNA biosynthesis involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
DNA biosynthesis involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA biosynthetic process involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA biosynthetic process involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA biosynthetic process involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA biosynthetic process involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
DNA biosynthetic process involved in mitotic DNA replication
DNA biosynthetic process involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
DNA biosynthetic process involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA formation involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA formation involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA formation involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA formation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
DNA formation involved in mitotic DNA replication
DNA formation involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
DNA formation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle
DNA synthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication
DNA synthesis involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
DNA synthesis involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle
regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly.
regulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex assembly
regulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex formation
regulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex assembly
regulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex formation
regulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex assembly
regulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex formation
regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex formation
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inhibitory synapse.
regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.
Any cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle lumen that is part of a cytolytic granule.
cytolytic granule cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle lumen
cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle lumen of cytolytic granule
cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vesicle lumen of cytolytic granule
positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.
activation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor
upregulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor
up regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor
up-regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor
negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.
downregulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor
down regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor
down-regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor
inhibition of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an ascospore wall.
trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) complex
A protein complex which is capable of trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) activity.
Binding to a proteasome regulatory particle.
PA700-dependent proteasome activator binding
positive regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.
activation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor
upregulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor
up regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor
up-regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor
negative regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.
downregulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor
down regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor
down-regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor
inhibition of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor
positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization to telomere.
activation of establishment of protein localisation to telomere
activation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
activation of establishment of protein localization to telomere
positive regulation of establishment of protein localisation to telomere
positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
upregulation of establishment of protein localisation to telomere
up regulation of establishment of protein localisation to telomere
up-regulation of establishment of protein localisation to telomere
upregulation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
up regulation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
up-regulation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
upregulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere
up regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere
up-regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere
negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization to telomere.
downregulation of establishment of protein localisation to telomere
down regulation of establishment of protein localisation to telomere
down-regulation of establishment of protein localisation to telomere
downregulation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
down regulation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
down-regulation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
downregulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere
down regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere
down-regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere
inhibition of establishment of protein localisation to telomere
inhibition of establishment of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
inhibition of establishment of protein localization to telomere
negative regulation of establishment of protein localisation to telomere
negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-glutamine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-glutamine stimulus.
regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.
negative regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of bipolar cell polarity.
downregulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity
down regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity
down-regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity
inhibition of establishment of bipolar cell polarity
rapamycin and nutrient-insensitive TOR complex binding
positive regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division.
activation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division
activation of male germ-line stem cell renewal
positive regulation of male germ-line stem cell renewal
upregulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division
up regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division
up-regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division
upregulation of male germ-line stem cell renewal
up regulation of male germ-line stem cell renewal
up-regulation of male germ-line stem cell renewal
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitroglycerin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitroglycerin stimulus.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a beta-catenin-TCF complex.
beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex assembly
beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex formation
beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex assembly
beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex formation
The developmental process by which an acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex is generated and organized.
acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex morphogenesis
facio-acoustic ganglion complex morphogenesis
facio-acoustic ganglion complex VII-VIII morphogenesis
facio-acoustic VII-VIII ganglion complex morphogenesis
negative regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division.
downregulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division
down regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division
down-regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division
downregulation of male germ-line stem cell renewal
down regulation of male germ-line stem cell renewal
down-regulation of male germ-line stem cell renewal
inhibition of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division
inhibition of male germ-line stem cell renewal
negative regulation of male germ-line stem cell renewal
regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division.
regulation of male germ-line stem cell renewal
positive regulation of removal of superoxide radicals
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of superoxide radicals.
activation of cellular detoxification of superoxide radicals
activation of removal of oxygen free radicals
activation of removal of superoxide radicals
positive regulation of cellular detoxification of superoxide radicals
positive regulation of removal of oxygen free radicals
upregulation of cellular detoxification of superoxide radicals
up regulation of cellular detoxification of superoxide radicals
up-regulation of cellular detoxification of superoxide radicals
upregulation of removal of oxygen free radicals
up regulation of removal of oxygen free radicals
up-regulation of removal of oxygen free radicals
upregulation of removal of superoxide radicals
up regulation of removal of superoxide radicals
up-regulation of removal of superoxide radicals
negative regulation of removal of superoxide radicals
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of superoxide radicals.
downregulation of cellular detoxification of superoxide radicals
down regulation of cellular detoxification of superoxide radicals
down-regulation of cellular detoxification of superoxide radicals
downregulation of removal of oxygen free radicals
down regulation of removal of oxygen free radicals
down-regulation of removal of oxygen free radicals
downregulation of removal of superoxide radicals
down regulation of removal of superoxide radicals
down-regulation of removal of superoxide radicals
inhibition of cellular detoxification of superoxide radicals
inhibition of removal of oxygen free radicals
inhibition of removal of superoxide radicals
negative regulation of cellular detoxification of superoxide radicals
negative regulation of removal of oxygen free radicals
The developmental process by which a dorsal root ganglion is generated and organized.
ganglion sensorium nervi spinalis morphogenesis
spinal ganglion part of peripheral nervous system morphogenesis
negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling via STAT.
downregulation of kinase activated-STAT cascade
down regulation of kinase activated-STAT cascade
down-regulation of kinase activated-STAT cascade
downregulation of STAT signalling pathway
down regulation of STAT signalling pathway
down-regulation of STAT signalling pathway
inhibition of kinase activated-STAT cascade
negative regulation of kinase activated-STAT cascade
negative regulation of kinase-STAT cascade
negative regulation of STAT signalling pathway
regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling via STAT.
regulation of kinase activated-STAT cascade
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ESCRT complex.
endosomal sorting complex required for transport assembly
endosomal sorting complex required for transport formation
positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling pathway via STAT.
activation of kinase activated-STAT cascade
positive regulation of kinase activated-STAT cascade
positive regulation of kinase-STAT cascade
positive regulation of STAT signalling pathway
upregulation of kinase activated-STAT cascade
up regulation of kinase activated-STAT cascade
up-regulation of kinase activated-STAT cascade
up regulation of STAT signalling pathway
up-regulation of STAT signalling pathway
regulation of excitatory synapse assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory synapse assembly.
regulation of excitatory synapse formation
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial skeletal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial skeletal system is the skeletal subdivision of the head, and includes the skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus.
positive regulation of excitatory synapse assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory synapse assembly.
activation of excitatory synapse assembly
activation of excitatory synapse formation
positive regulation of excitatory synapse formation
upregulation of excitatory synapse assembly
up regulation of excitatory synapse assembly
up-regulation of excitatory synapse assembly
upregulation of excitatory synapse formation
up regulation of excitatory synapse formation
up-regulation of excitatory synapse formation
negative regulation of excitatory synapse assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory synapse assembly.
downregulation of excitatory synapse assembly
down regulation of excitatory synapse assembly
down-regulation of excitatory synapse assembly
downregulation of excitatory synapse formation
down regulation of excitatory synapse formation
down-regulation of excitatory synapse formation
inhibition of excitatory synapse assembly
inhibition of excitatory synapse formation
negative regulation of excitatory synapse formation
beta-catenin destruction complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a beta-catenin destruction complex.
APC-Axin-1-beta-catenin complex assembly
APC-Axin-1-beta-catenin complex formation
Axin-APC-beta-catenin-GSK3B complex assembly
Axin-APC-beta-catenin-GSK3B complex formation
beta-catenin degradation complex assembly
beta-catenin degradation complex formation
beta-catenin destruction complex formation
positive regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly.
activation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly
activation of telomerase catalytic core complex formation
activation of TERT-TERC complex assembly
activation of TERT-TERC complex formation
positive regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex formation
positive regulation of TERT-TERC complex assembly
positive regulation of TERT-TERC complex formation
upregulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly
up regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly
up-regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly
upregulation of telomerase catalytic core complex formation
up regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex formation
up-regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex formation
upregulation of TERT-TERC complex assembly
up regulation of TERT-TERC complex assembly
up-regulation of TERT-TERC complex assembly
upregulation of TERT-TERC complex formation
up regulation of TERT-TERC complex formation
up-regulation of TERT-TERC complex formation
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Wnt signalosome.
beta-catenin destruction complex disassembly
The disaggregation of a beta-catenin destruction complex into its constituent components.
APC-Axin-1-beta-catenin complex disassembly
Axin-APC-beta-catenin-GSK3B complex disassembly
beta-catenin degradation complex disassembly
dissociation of beta-catenin degradation complex
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen sulfide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen sulfide stimulus.
negative regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly.
downregulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly
down regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly
down-regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly
downregulation of telomerase catalytic core complex formation
down regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex formation
down-regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex formation
downregulation of TERT-TERC complex assembly
down regulation of TERT-TERC complex assembly
down-regulation of TERT-TERC complex assembly
downregulation of TERT-TERC complex formation
down regulation of TERT-TERC complex formation
down-regulation of TERT-TERC complex formation
inhibition of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly
inhibition of telomerase catalytic core complex formation
inhibition of TERT-TERC complex assembly
inhibition of TERT-TERC complex formation
negative regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex formation
negative regulation of TERT-TERC complex assembly
negative regulation of TERT-TERC complex formation
regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly.
regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex formation
regulation of TERT-TERC complex assembly
regulation of TERT-TERC complex formation
positive regulation of DNA ligase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligase activity.
negative regulation of DNA ligase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligase activity.
positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel.
activation of generation of L-type calcium current
positive regulation of generation of L-type calcium current
upregulation of generation of L-type calcium current
up regulation of generation of L-type calcium current
up-regulation of generation of L-type calcium current
negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel.
downregulation of generation of L-type calcium current
down regulation of generation of L-type calcium current
down-regulation of generation of L-type calcium current
inhibition of generation of L-type calcium current
negative regulation of generation of L-type calcium current
negative regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body.
downregulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body
down regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body
down-regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body
inhibition of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body
regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligase activity.
positive regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body.
activation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body
upregulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body
up regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body
up-regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body
regulation of protein localization to Cajal body
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to Cajal body.
regulation of protein localisation in Cajal body
regulation of protein localisation to Cajal body
regulation of protein localization in Cajal body
telomerase catalytic core complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomerase catalytic core complex.
telomerase catalytic core complex formation
positive regulation of protein localization to Cajal body
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to Cajal body.
activation of protein localisation in Cajal body
activation of protein localisation to Cajal body
activation of protein localization in Cajal body
activation of protein localization to Cajal body
positive regulation of protein localisation in Cajal body
positive regulation of protein localisation to Cajal body
positive regulation of protein localization in Cajal body
upregulation of protein localisation in Cajal body
up regulation of protein localisation in Cajal body
up-regulation of protein localisation in Cajal body
upregulation of protein localisation to Cajal body
up regulation of protein localisation to Cajal body
up-regulation of protein localisation to Cajal body
upregulation of protein localization in Cajal body
up regulation of protein localization in Cajal body
up-regulation of protein localization in Cajal body
upregulation of protein localization to Cajal body
up regulation of protein localization to Cajal body
up-regulation of protein localization to Cajal body
negative regulation of protein localization to Cajal body
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to Cajal body.
downregulation of protein localisation in Cajal body
down regulation of protein localisation in Cajal body
down-regulation of protein localisation in Cajal body
downregulation of protein localisation to Cajal body
down regulation of protein localisation to Cajal body
down-regulation of protein localisation to Cajal body
downregulation of protein localization in Cajal body
down regulation of protein localization in Cajal body
down-regulation of protein localization in Cajal body
downregulation of protein localization to Cajal body
down regulation of protein localization to Cajal body
down-regulation of protein localization to Cajal body
inhibition of protein localisation in Cajal body
inhibition of protein localisation to Cajal body
inhibition of protein localization in Cajal body
inhibition of protein localization to Cajal body
negative regulation of protein localisation in Cajal body
negative regulation of protein localisation to Cajal body
negative regulation of protein localization in Cajal body
positive regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly.
activation of beta-catenin/LEF complex assembly
activation of beta-catenin/LEF complex formation
activation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex assembly
activation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex formation
activation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex assembly
activation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex formation
activation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly
activation of beta-catenin-TCF complex formation
positive regulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex assembly
positive regulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex formation
positive regulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex assembly
positive regulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex formation
positive regulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex assembly
positive regulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex formation
positive regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex formation
upregulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex assembly
up regulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex assembly
up-regulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex assembly
upregulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex formation
up regulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex formation
up-regulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex formation
upregulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex assembly
up regulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex assembly
up-regulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex assembly
upregulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex formation
up regulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex formation
up-regulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex formation
upregulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex assembly
up regulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex assembly
up-regulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex assembly
upregulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex formation
up regulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex formation
up-regulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex formation
upregulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly
up regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly
up-regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly
upregulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex formation
up regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex formation
up-regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex formation
negative regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly.
downregulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex assembly
down regulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex assembly
down-regulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex assembly
downregulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex formation
down regulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex formation
down-regulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex formation
downregulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex assembly
down regulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex assembly
down-regulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex assembly
downregulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex formation
down regulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex formation
down-regulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex formation
downregulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex assembly
down regulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex assembly
down-regulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex assembly
downregulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex formation
down regulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex formation
down-regulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex formation
downregulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly
down regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly
down-regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly
downregulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex formation
down regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex formation
down-regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex formation
inhibition of beta-catenin/LEF complex assembly
inhibition of beta-catenin/LEF complex formation
inhibition of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex assembly
inhibition of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex formation
inhibition of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex assembly
inhibition of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex formation
inhibition of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly
inhibition of beta-catenin-TCF complex formation
negative regulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex assembly
negative regulation of beta-catenin/LEF complex formation
negative regulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex assembly
negative regulation of beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex formation
negative regulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex assembly
negative regulation of beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex formation
negative regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex formation
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Cajal body.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventral tegmental area (VTA) over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
area tegmentalis ventralis (Tsai) development
ventral tegmental area (Tsai) development
ventral tegmental area of tsai development
ventral tegmental nucleus (Rioch) development
ventral tegmental nucleus (tsai) development
ventral tegmental nucleus of tsai development
ventromedial mesencephalic tegmentum development
positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy of the mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization.
activation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
upregulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
up regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
up-regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
negative regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.
downregulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
down regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
down-regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
inhibition of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a palmitoleic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a palmitoleic acid stimulus.
obsolete negative regulation of MAPK cascade involved in axon regeneration
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in axon regeneration.
obsolete regulation of MAPK cascade involved in axon regeneration
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in axon regeneration.
regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization.
obsolete positive regulation of MAPK cascade involved in axon regeneration
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in axon regeneration.
L-arginine transmembrane transport from lysosomal lumen to cytosol
The directed movement of L-arginine across a membrane from lysosomal lumen to cytosol.
transmembrane L-arginine transport from lysosomal lumen to cytosol
transmembrane L-lysine transport from lysosomal lumen to cytosol
The directed movement of L-lysine from the lysosomal lumen across the lysosomal membrane and into the cytosol.
transmembrane L-cystine transport from lysosomal lumen to cytosol
The directed movement of L-cystine from the lysosomal lumen across the lysosomal membrane and into the cytosol.
transmembrane L-histidine transport from lysosomal lumen to cytosol
The directed movement of L-histidine from the lysosomal lumen across the lysosomal membrane and into the cytosol.
regulation of establishment of protein-containing complex localization to telomere
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the localization of a protein-containing macromolecular complex to a telomere.
regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localisation to telomere
regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere
positive regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of RNA localization to telomere.
activation of establishment of RNA localisation to telomere
activation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere
positive regulation of establishment of RNA localisation to telomere
upregulation of establishment of RNA localisation to telomere
up regulation of establishment of RNA localisation to telomere
up-regulation of establishment of RNA localisation to telomere
upregulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere
up regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere
up-regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere
positive regulation of establishment of protein-containing complex localization to telomere
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the localization of a protein-containing macromolecular complex to a telomere.
activation of establishment of macromolecular complex localisation to telomere
activation of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere
positive regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localisation to telomere
positive regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere
upregulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localisation to telomere
up regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localisation to telomere
up-regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localisation to telomere
upregulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere
up regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere
up-regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere
negative regulation of establishment of protein-containing complex localization to telomere
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the localization of a protein-containing macromolecular complex to a telomere.
downregulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localisation to telomere
down regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localisation to telomere
down-regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localisation to telomere
downregulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere
down regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere
down-regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere
inhibition of establishment of macromolecular complex localisation to telomere
inhibition of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere
negative regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localisation to telomere
negative regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere
positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric.
activation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric
activation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion at telomere
activation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at telomere at mitosis
activation of maintenance of telomeric mitotic sister chromatin cohesion
positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion at telomere
positive regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at telomere at mitosis
positive regulation of maintenance of telomeric mitotic sister chromatin cohesion
upregulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric
up regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric
up-regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric
upregulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion at telomere
up regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion at telomere
up-regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion at telomere
upregulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at telomere at mitosis
up regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at telomere at mitosis
up-regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at telomere at mitosis
upregulation of maintenance of telomeric mitotic sister chromatin cohesion
up regulation of maintenance of telomeric mitotic sister chromatin cohesion
up-regulation of maintenance of telomeric mitotic sister chromatin cohesion
negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric.
downregulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric
down regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric
down-regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric
downregulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion at telomere
down regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion at telomere
down-regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion at telomere
downregulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at telomere at mitosis
down regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at telomere at mitosis
down-regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at telomere at mitosis
downregulation of maintenance of telomeric mitotic sister chromatin cohesion
down regulation of maintenance of telomeric mitotic sister chromatin cohesion
down-regulation of maintenance of telomeric mitotic sister chromatin cohesion
inhibition of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric
inhibition of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion at telomere
inhibition of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at telomere at mitosis
inhibition of maintenance of telomeric mitotic sister chromatin cohesion
negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion at telomere
negative regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at telomere at mitosis
negative regulation of maintenance of telomeric mitotic sister chromatin cohesion
negative regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of RNA localization to telomere.
downregulation of establishment of RNA localisation to telomere
down regulation of establishment of RNA localisation to telomere
down-regulation of establishment of RNA localisation to telomere
downregulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere
down regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere
down-regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere
inhibition of establishment of RNA localisation to telomere
inhibition of establishment of RNA localization to telomere
negative regulation of establishment of RNA localisation to telomere
regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of RNA localization to telomere.
regulation of establishment of RNA localisation to telomere
negative regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin.
downregulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin
down regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin
down-regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin
inhibition of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin
regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin.
regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric.
regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion at telomere
regulation of maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at telomere at mitosis
regulation of maintenance of telomeric mitotic sister chromatin cohesion
positive regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin.
activation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin
upregulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin
up regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin
up-regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin
positive regulation of myosin II filament organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myosin II filament organization.
activation of myosin II filament assembly or disassembly
activation of myosin II filament organisation
activation of myosin II filament organization
activation of myosin II polymerization or depolymerization
positive regulation of myosin II filament assembly or disassembly
positive regulation of myosin II filament organisation
positive regulation of myosin II polymerization or depolymerization
upregulation of myosin II filament assembly or disassembly
up regulation of myosin II filament assembly or disassembly
up-regulation of myosin II filament assembly or disassembly
upregulation of myosin II filament organisation
up regulation of myosin II filament organisation
up-regulation of myosin II filament organisation
upregulation of myosin II filament organization
up regulation of myosin II filament organization
up-regulation of myosin II filament organization
upregulation of myosin II polymerization or depolymerization
up regulation of myosin II polymerization or depolymerization
up-regulation of myosin II polymerization or depolymerization
negative regulation of myosin II filament organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myosin II filament organization.
downregulation of myosin II filament assembly or disassembly
down regulation of myosin II filament assembly or disassembly
down-regulation of myosin II filament assembly or disassembly
downregulation of myosin II filament organisation
down regulation of myosin II filament organisation
down-regulation of myosin II filament organisation
downregulation of myosin II filament organization
down regulation of myosin II filament organization
down-regulation of myosin II filament organization
downregulation of myosin II polymerization or depolymerization
down regulation of myosin II polymerization or depolymerization
down-regulation of myosin II polymerization or depolymerization
inhibition of myosin II filament assembly or disassembly
inhibition of myosin II filament organisation
inhibition of myosin II filament organization
inhibition of myosin II polymerization or depolymerization
negative regulation of myosin II filament assembly or disassembly
negative regulation of myosin II filament organisation
negative regulation of myosin II polymerization or depolymerization
The disaggregation of an ESCRT III complex into its constituent components.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ESCRT III complex.
regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.
regulation of hepatic perisinusoidal cell proliferation
regulation of perisinusoidal cell proliferation
The disaggregation of an ESCRT complex into its constituent components.
endosomal sorting complex required for transport disassembly
positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.
activation of hepatic perisinusoidal cell proliferation
activation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation
activation of perisinusoidal cell proliferation
positive regulation of hepatic perisinusoidal cell proliferation
positive regulation of Ito cell proliferation
positive regulation of perisinusoidal cell proliferation
upregulation of hepatic perisinusoidal cell proliferation
up regulation of hepatic perisinusoidal cell proliferation
up-regulation of hepatic perisinusoidal cell proliferation
upregulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation
up regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation
up-regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation
upregulation of perisinusoidal cell proliferation
up regulation of perisinusoidal cell proliferation
up-regulation of perisinusoidal cell proliferation
negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.
downregulation of hepatic perisinusoidal cell proliferation
down regulation of hepatic perisinusoidal cell proliferation
down-regulation of hepatic perisinusoidal cell proliferation
downregulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation
down regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation
down-regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation
downregulation of Ito cell proliferation
down regulation of Ito cell proliferation
down-regulation of Ito cell proliferation
downregulation of perisinusoidal cell proliferation
down regulation of perisinusoidal cell proliferation
down-regulation of perisinusoidal cell proliferation
inhibition of hepatic perisinusoidal cell proliferation
inhibition of hepatic stellate cell proliferation
inhibition of perisinusoidal cell proliferation
negative regulation of hepatic perisinusoidal cell proliferation
negative regulation of Ito cell proliferation
negative regulation of perisinusoidal cell proliferation
negative regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
downregulation of DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down regulation of DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down-regulation of DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
downregulation of mDA neuron differentiation
down regulation of mDA neuron differentiation
down-regulation of mDA neuron differentiation
downregulation of midbrain DA neurogenesis
down regulation of midbrain DA neurogenesis
down-regulation of midbrain DA neurogenesis
downregulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down-regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
downregulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down-regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
inhibition of DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
inhibition of mDA neuron differentiation
inhibition of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
inhibition of midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
negative regulation of DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
negative regulation of mDA neuron differentiation
negative regulation of midbrain DA neurogenesis
negative regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
regulation of DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
regulation of mDA neuron differentiation
regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytochrome-c oxidase activity.
regulation of aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
regulation of ba3-type cytochrome c oxidase
regulation of caa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
regulation of cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase
regulation of complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) activity
regulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity
regulation of cytochrome oxidase activity
regulation of ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase
regulation of warburg's respiratory enzyme activity
positive regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
activation of DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
activation of mDA neuron differentiation
activation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
activation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
positive regulation of DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
positive regulation of mDA neuron differentiation
positive regulation of midbrain DA neurogenesis
positive regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
upregulation of DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up regulation of DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up-regulation of DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
upregulation of mDA neuron differentiation
up regulation of mDA neuron differentiation
up-regulation of mDA neuron differentiation
upregulation of midbrain DA neurogenesis
up regulation of midbrain DA neurogenesis
up-regulation of midbrain DA neurogenesis
upregulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up-regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
upregulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up-regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Any Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
frizzled signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
frizzled signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
frizzled signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
frizzled signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wg signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wg signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wg signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wg signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wingless signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wingless signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wingless signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wingless signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wnt-mediated midbrain DA neuron differentiation
Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wnt signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wnt signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
The directed movement of a hydroxycinnamic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Any Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway that is involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
non-canonical Wnt-mediated midbrain DA neuron differentiation
non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
PCP pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
PCP pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
PCP pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
PCP pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
PCP pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
planar cell polarity pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
planar cell polarity pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wnt-activated signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wnt-activated signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wnt-activated signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wnt-activated signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Wnt-activated signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wnt-JNK signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wnt-JNK signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wnt-JNK signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wnt-JNK signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Wnt-JNK signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wnt-PCP signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wnt-PCP signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wnt-PCP signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wnt-PCP signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Wnt-PCP signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wnt receptor signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wnt receptor signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wnt receptor signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wnt receptor signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Wnt receptor signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
canonical Wnt-mediated midbrain DA neuron differentiation
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
frizzled-1 receptor signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
frizzled-1 receptor signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
frizzled-1 receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
frizzled-1 receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
frizzled-1 receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wnt receptor signaling pathway via beta-catenin involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wnt receptor signaling pathway via beta-catenin involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wnt receptor signaling pathway via beta-catenin involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wnt receptor signaling pathway via beta-catenin involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Wnt receptor signaling pathway via beta-catenin involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Wnt receptor signalling pathway through beta-catenin involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
Wnt receptor signalling pathway through beta-catenin involved in mDA neuron differentiation
Wnt receptor signalling pathway through beta-catenin involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
Wnt receptor signalling pathway through beta-catenin involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Wnt receptor signalling pathway through beta-catenin involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
A protein complex which is capable of ATPase activity.
midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a midbrain dopaminergic neuron.
DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
positive regulation of establishment of protein localization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization.
activation of establishment of protein localisation
activation of establishment of protein localization
positive regulation of establishment of protein localisation
positive regulation of protein positioning
positive regulation of protein recruitment
upregulation of establishment of protein localisation
up regulation of establishment of protein localisation
up-regulation of establishment of protein localisation
upregulation of establishment of protein localization
up regulation of establishment of protein localization
up-regulation of establishment of protein localization
negative regulation of establishment of protein localization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization.
downregulation of establishment of protein localisation
down regulation of establishment of protein localisation
down-regulation of establishment of protein localisation
downregulation of establishment of protein localization
down regulation of establishment of protein localization
down-regulation of establishment of protein localization
inhibition of establishment of protein localisation
inhibition of establishment of protein localization
negative regulation of establishment of protein localisation
negative regulation of protein positioning
negative regulation of protein recruitment
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt(II) acetate stimulus.
positive regulation of cardiac ventricle formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation.
activation of cardiac ventricle formation
upregulation of cardiac ventricle formation
up regulation of cardiac ventricle formation
up-regulation of cardiac ventricle formation
The process in which folic acid is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.
obsolete cellular response to cobalt(II) acetate
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt(II) acetate stimulus.
positive regulation of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity.
activation of deoxynucleotidyl terminal transferase activity
activation of deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase activity
activation of deoxyribonucleic nucleotidyltransferase activity
activation of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity
activation of nucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase activity
activation of terminal addition enzyme activity
activation of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase activity
activation of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity
activation of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase activity
activation of terminal transferase activity
positive regulation of deoxynucleotidyl terminal transferase activity
positive regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of deoxyribonucleic nucleotidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of nucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase activity
positive regulation of terminal addition enzyme activity
positive regulation of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase activity
positive regulation of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase activity
positive regulation of terminal transferase activity
upregulation of deoxynucleotidyl terminal transferase activity
up regulation of deoxynucleotidyl terminal transferase activity
up-regulation of deoxynucleotidyl terminal transferase activity
upregulation of deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase activity
up regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase activity
upregulation of deoxyribonucleic nucleotidyltransferase activity
up regulation of deoxyribonucleic nucleotidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of deoxyribonucleic nucleotidyltransferase activity
upregulation of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity
up regulation of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity
up-regulation of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity
upregulation of nucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase activity
up regulation of nucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase activity
up-regulation of nucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase activity
upregulation of terminal addition enzyme activity
up regulation of terminal addition enzyme activity
up-regulation of terminal addition enzyme activity
upregulation of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase activity
up regulation of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase activity
up-regulation of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase activity
upregulation of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity
up regulation of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity
upregulation of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase activity
up regulation of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase activity
up-regulation of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase activity
upregulation of terminal transferase activity
up regulation of terminal transferase activity
up-regulation of terminal transferase activity
negative regulation of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity.
downregulation of deoxynucleotidyl terminal transferase activity
down regulation of deoxynucleotidyl terminal transferase activity
down-regulation of deoxynucleotidyl terminal transferase activity
downregulation of deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase activity
down regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase activity
downregulation of deoxyribonucleic nucleotidyltransferase activity
down regulation of deoxyribonucleic nucleotidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of deoxyribonucleic nucleotidyltransferase activity
downregulation of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity
down regulation of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity
down-regulation of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity
downregulation of nucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase activity
down regulation of nucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase activity
down-regulation of nucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase activity
downregulation of terminal addition enzyme activity
down regulation of terminal addition enzyme activity
down-regulation of terminal addition enzyme activity
downregulation of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase activity
down regulation of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase activity
down-regulation of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase activity
downregulation of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity
down regulation of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity
downregulation of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase activity
down regulation of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase activity
down-regulation of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase activity
downregulation of terminal transferase activity
down regulation of terminal transferase activity
down-regulation of terminal transferase activity
inhibition of deoxynucleotidyl terminal transferase activity
inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase activity
inhibition of deoxyribonucleic nucleotidyltransferase activity
inhibition of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity
inhibition of nucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase activity
inhibition of terminal addition enzyme activity
inhibition of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase activity
inhibition of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity
inhibition of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase activity
inhibition of terminal transferase activity
negative regulation of deoxynucleotidyl terminal transferase activity
negative regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of deoxyribonucleic nucleotidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of nucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase activity
negative regulation of terminal addition enzyme activity
negative regulation of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase activity
negative regulation of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase activity
negative regulation of terminal transferase activity
negative regulation of cardiac ventricle formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation.
downregulation of cardiac ventricle formation
down regulation of cardiac ventricle formation
down-regulation of cardiac ventricle formation
inhibition of cardiac ventricle formation
regulation of cardiac ventricle formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation.
The orderly movement of a sensory neuron from one site to another.
The orderly movement of an interneuron from one site to another.
regulation of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity.
regulation of deoxynucleotidyl terminal transferase activity
regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase activity
regulation of deoxyribonucleic nucleotidyltransferase activity
regulation of nucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase activity
regulation of terminal addition enzyme activity
regulation of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase activity
regulation of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity
regulation of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase activity
regulation of terminal transferase activity
planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon guidance
Any Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway that is involved in axon guidance.
non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in axon chemotaxis
non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in axon guidance
non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in axon pathfinding
PCP pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
PCP pathway involved in axon pathfinding
planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon chemotaxis
planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon pathfinding
Wnt-activated signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon chemotaxis
Wnt-activated signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
Wnt-activated signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon guidance
Wnt-activated signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon pathfinding
Wnt-JNK signaling pathway involved in axon chemotaxis
Wnt-JNK signaling pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
Wnt-JNK signaling pathway involved in axon guidance
Wnt-JNK signaling pathway involved in axon pathfinding
Wnt-PCP signaling involved in axon guidance
Wnt-PCP signaling pathway involved in axon chemotaxis
Wnt-PCP signaling pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
Wnt-PCP signaling pathway involved in axon guidance
Wnt-PCP signaling pathway involved in axon pathfinding
Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon chemotaxis
Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon guidance
Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon pathfinding
Wnt receptor signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon chemotaxis
Wnt receptor signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
Wnt receptor signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon guidance
Wnt receptor signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon pathfinding
Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon chemotaxis
Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon growth cone guidance
Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon guidance
Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon pathfinding
regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain.
regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon
regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation
negative regulation of cartilage condensation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cartilage condensation.
downregulation of cartilage condensation
down regulation of cartilage condensation
down-regulation of cartilage condensation
positive regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain.
activation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon
activation of cell proliferation in midbrain
activation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation
positive regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon
positive regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation
upregulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon
up regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon
up-regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon
upregulation of cell proliferation in midbrain
up regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain
up-regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain
upregulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation
up regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation
up-regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation
negative regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain.
downregulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon
down regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon
down-regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon
downregulation of cell proliferation in midbrain
down regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain
down-regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain
downregulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation
down regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation
down-regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation
inhibition of cell proliferation in mesencephalon
inhibition of cell proliferation in midbrain
inhibition of mesencepahalic cell proliferation
negative regulation of cell proliferation in mesencephalon
negative regulation of mesencepahalic cell proliferation
coreceptor activity involved in Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
Any coreceptor activity that is involved in Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway.
coreceptor, insoluble ligand activity involved in non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway
coreceptor, insoluble ligand activity involved in PCP pathway
coreceptor, insoluble ligand activity involved in planar cell polarity pathway
coreceptor, insoluble ligand activity involved in Wnt-activated signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
coreceptor, insoluble ligand activity involved in Wnt-JNK signaling pathway
coreceptor, insoluble ligand activity involved in Wnt-PCP signaling pathway
coreceptor, insoluble ligand activity involved in Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
coreceptor, insoluble ligand activity involved in Wnt receptor signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
coreceptor, insoluble ligand activity involved in Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
coreceptor, soluble ligand activity involved in non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway
coreceptor, soluble ligand activity involved in PCP pathway
coreceptor, soluble ligand activity involved in planar cell polarity pathway
coreceptor, soluble ligand activity involved in Wnt-activated signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
coreceptor, soluble ligand activity involved in Wnt-JNK signaling pathway
coreceptor, soluble ligand activity involved in Wnt-PCP signaling pathway
coreceptor, soluble ligand activity involved in Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
coreceptor, soluble ligand activity involved in Wnt receptor signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
coreceptor, soluble ligand activity involved in Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
coreceptor activity involved in non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway
coreceptor activity involved in PCP pathway
coreceptor activity involved in planar cell polarity pathway
coreceptor activity involved in Wnt-activated signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
coreceptor activity involved in Wnt-JNK signaling pathway
coreceptor activity involved in Wnt-PCP signaling pathway
coreceptor activity involved in Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
coreceptor activity involved in Wnt receptor signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
Wnt co-receptor activity, non-canonical signaling
coreceptor activity involved in canonical Wnt signaling pathway
Any coreceptor activity that is involved in a canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
coreceptor, insoluble ligand activity involved in canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway
coreceptor, insoluble ligand activity involved in canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway
coreceptor, insoluble ligand activity involved in canonical Wnt signaling pathway
coreceptor, insoluble ligand activity involved in frizzled-1 receptor signaling pathway
coreceptor, insoluble ligand activity involved in Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin
coreceptor, insoluble ligand activity involved in Wnt receptor signaling pathway via beta-catenin
coreceptor, insoluble ligand activity involved in Wnt receptor signalling pathway through beta-catenin
coreceptor, soluble ligand activity involved in canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway
coreceptor, soluble ligand activity involved in canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway
coreceptor, soluble ligand activity involved in canonical Wnt signaling pathway
coreceptor, soluble ligand activity involved in frizzled-1 receptor signaling pathway
coreceptor, soluble ligand activity involved in Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin
coreceptor, soluble ligand activity involved in Wnt receptor signaling pathway via beta-catenin
coreceptor, soluble ligand activity involved in Wnt receptor signalling pathway through beta-catenin
coreceptor activity involved in canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway
coreceptor activity involved in canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway
coreceptor activity involved in frizzled-1 receptor signaling pathway
coreceptor activity involved in Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin
coreceptor activity involved in Wnt receptor signaling pathway via beta-catenin
coreceptor activity involved in Wnt receptor signalling pathway through beta-catenin
Wnt co-receptor activity, canonical signaling
mini-chromosome maintenance complex binding
Any membrane that is part of an amphisome.
positive regulation of endothelial cell activation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation.
activation of endothelial cell activation
upregulation of endothelial cell activation
up regulation of endothelial cell activation
up-regulation of endothelial cell activation
negative regulation of endothelial cell activation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation.
downregulation of endothelial cell activation
down regulation of endothelial cell activation
down-regulation of endothelial cell activation
inhibition of endothelial cell activation
negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.
downregulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway
downregulation of dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
down regulation of dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
down-regulation of dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
downregulation of dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
down regulation of dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
down-regulation of dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
downregulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
downregulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
down regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
down-regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
inhibition of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
inhibition of dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
inhibition of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
negative regulation of dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
negative regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
regulation of dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of quinolinate biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of quinolinate biosynthetic process.
down regulation of quinolinate anabolism
down-regulation of quinolinate anabolism
downregulation of quinolinate biosynthesis
down regulation of quinolinate biosynthesis
down-regulation of quinolinate biosynthesis
downregulation of quinolinate biosynthetic process
down regulation of quinolinate biosynthetic process
down-regulation of quinolinate biosynthetic process
down regulation of quinolinate formation
down-regulation of quinolinate formation
down regulation of quinolinate synthesis
down-regulation of quinolinate synthesis
inhibition of quinolinate biosynthetic process
negative regulation of quinolinate anabolism
negative regulation of quinolinate biosynthesis
negative regulation of quinolinate formation
negative regulation of quinolinate synthesis
regulation of quinolinate biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of quinolinate biosynthetic process.
regulation of endothelial cell activation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation.
positive regulation of quinolinate biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of quinolinate biosynthetic process.
activation of quinolinate biosynthetic process
positive regulation of quinolinate anabolism
positive regulation of quinolinate biosynthesis
positive regulation of quinolinate formation
positive regulation of quinolinate synthesis
upregulation of quinolinate biosynthesis
up regulation of quinolinate biosynthesis
up-regulation of quinolinate biosynthesis
upregulation of quinolinate biosynthetic process
up regulation of quinolinate biosynthetic process
up-regulation of quinolinate biosynthetic process
The process in which maltose is transported across a membrane.
positive regulation of endosome organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endosome organization.
activation of endosome organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of endosome organisation
positive regulation of endosome organization and biogenesis
upregulation of endosome organization and biogenesis
up regulation of endosome organization and biogenesis
up-regulation of endosome organization and biogenesis
The process in which glycine is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.
transmembrane glycine transport from cytosol to mitochondrion
The process in which sucrose is transported across a membrane.
The orderly movement of a lymphatic endothelial cell from one site to another in the wall of a lymphatic vessel.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bleomycin stimulus.
negative regulation of endosome organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endosome organization.
down regulation of endosome organisation
down-regulation of endosome organisation
down regulation of endosome organization
down-regulation of endosome organization
downregulation of endosome organization and biogenesis
down regulation of endosome organization and biogenesis
down-regulation of endosome organization and biogenesis
inhibition of endosome organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of endosome organisation
negative regulation of endosome organization and biogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endosome organization.
regulation of endosome organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of viral translation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral translation.
activation of viral protein biosynthesis
activation of viral protein biosynthetic process
positive regulation of viral protein anabolism
positive regulation of viral protein biosynthesis
positive regulation of viral protein biosynthetic process
positive regulation of viral protein formation
positive regulation of viral protein synthesis
up regulation of viral protein anabolism
up-regulation of viral protein anabolism
upregulation of viral protein biosynthesis
up regulation of viral protein biosynthesis
up-regulation of viral protein biosynthesis
upregulation of viral protein biosynthetic process
up regulation of viral protein biosynthetic process
up-regulation of viral protein biosynthetic process
up regulation of viral protein formation
up-regulation of viral protein formation
up regulation of viral protein synthesis
up-regulation of viral protein synthesis
negative regulation of viral translation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral translation.
downregulation of viral protein anabolism
down regulation of viral protein anabolism
down-regulation of viral protein anabolism
downregulation of viral protein biosynthesis
down regulation of viral protein biosynthesis
down-regulation of viral protein biosynthesis
downregulation of viral protein biosynthetic process
down regulation of viral protein biosynthetic process
down-regulation of viral protein biosynthetic process
downregulation of viral protein formation
down regulation of viral protein formation
down-regulation of viral protein formation
downregulation of viral protein synthesis
down regulation of viral protein synthesis
down-regulation of viral protein synthesis
inhibition of viral protein biosynthesis
inhibition of viral protein biosynthetic process
negative regulation of viral protein anabolism
negative regulation of viral protein biosynthesis
negative regulation of viral protein biosynthetic process
negative regulation of viral protein formation
negative regulation of viral protein synthesis
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bleomycin stimulus.
A protein complex which is capable of heparanase activity.
The orderly movement of a slow muscle cell from one site to another.
positive regulation of monopolar spindle attachment to meiosis I kinetochore
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation.
activation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis I
activation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation
activation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in meiosis I
activation of sister kinetochore mono-orientation
positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis I
positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation
positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in meiosis I
positive regulation of monopolar attachment
positive regulation of sister kinetochore mono-orientation
upregulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis I
up regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis I
up-regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis I
upregulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation
up regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation
up-regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation
upregulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in meiosis I
up regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in meiosis I
up-regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in meiosis I
upregulation of sister kinetochore mono-orientation
up regulation of sister kinetochore mono-orientation
up-regulation of sister kinetochore mono-orientation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral translation.
regulation of viral protein biosynthesis
regulation of viral protein biosynthetic process
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of adjacent microvilli through the formation of Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion links between them, forming a brush border.
regulation of vitamin E biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin E biosynthetic process.
regulation of alpha-tocopherol biosynthesis
regulation of alpha-tocopherol biosynthetic process
regulation of tocopherol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of phytol biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phytol biosynthetic process.
activation of phytol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of phytol biosynthesis
upregulation of phytol biosynthetic process
up regulation of phytol biosynthetic process
up-regulation of phytol biosynthetic process
regulation of monopolar spindle attachment to meiosis I kinetochore
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation.
correction of merotelic kinetochore attachment, meiosis I
regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis I
regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation
regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in meiosis I
regulation of sister kinetochore mono-orientation
repair of merotelic kinetochore attachment defect, meiosis I
positive regulation of vitamin E biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin E biosynthetic process.
activation of alpha-tocopherol biosynthesis
activation of alpha-tocopherol biosynthetic process
activation of tocopherol biosynthetic process
activation of vitamin E biosynthetic process
positive regulation of alpha-tocopherol biosynthesis
positive regulation of alpha-tocopherol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of tocopherol biosynthesis
positive regulation of tocopherol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of vitamin E anabolism
positive regulation of vitamin E biosynthesis
positive regulation of vitamin E formation
positive regulation of vitamin E synthesis
upregulation of alpha-tocopherol biosynthesis
up regulation of alpha-tocopherol biosynthesis
up-regulation of alpha-tocopherol biosynthesis
upregulation of alpha-tocopherol biosynthetic process
up regulation of alpha-tocopherol biosynthetic process
up-regulation of alpha-tocopherol biosynthetic process
up regulation of tocopherol biosynthesis
up-regulation of tocopherol biosynthesis
upregulation of tocopherol biosynthetic process
up regulation of tocopherol biosynthetic process
up-regulation of tocopherol biosynthetic process
upregulation of vitamin E biosynthetic process
up regulation of vitamin E biosynthetic process
up-regulation of vitamin E biosynthetic process
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the quiescent center. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
quiescent center structural organization
positive regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytochrome-c oxidase activity.
activation of aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
activation of ba3-type cytochrome c oxidase
activation of caa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
activation of cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase
activation of complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) activity
activation of cytochrome c oxidase activity
activation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity
activation of cytochrome oxidase activity
activation of ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase
activation of warburg's respiratory enzyme activity
positive regulation of aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
positive regulation of ba3-type cytochrome c oxidase
positive regulation of caa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
positive regulation of cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase
positive regulation of complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) activity
positive regulation of cytochrome a3 activity
positive regulation of cytochrome aa3 activity
positive regulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity
positive regulation of cytochrome oxidase activity
positive regulation of ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase
positive regulation of ferrocytochrome c oxidase
positive regulation of indophenol oxidase
positive regulation of NADH cytochrome c oxidase
positive regulation of warburg's respiratory enzyme activity
upregulation of aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
up regulation of aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
up-regulation of aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
upregulation of ba3-type cytochrome c oxidase
up regulation of ba3-type cytochrome c oxidase
up-regulation of ba3-type cytochrome c oxidase
upregulation of caa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
up regulation of caa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
up-regulation of caa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
upregulation of cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase
up regulation of cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase
up-regulation of cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase
upregulation of complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) activity
up regulation of complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) activity
up-regulation of complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) activity
up regulation of cytochrome aa3 activity
up-regulation of cytochrome aa3 activity
upregulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity
upregulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity
up regulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity
up regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity
up-regulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity
up-regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity
upregulation of cytochrome oxidase activity
up regulation of cytochrome oxidase activity
up-regulation of cytochrome oxidase activity
upregulation of ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase
up regulation of ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase
up-regulation of ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase
upregulation of ferrocytochrome c oxidase
up regulation of ferrocytochrome c oxidase
up-regulation of ferrocytochrome c oxidase
upregulation of NADH cytochrome c oxidase
up regulation of NADH cytochrome c oxidase
up-regulation of NADH cytochrome c oxidase
upregulation of warburg's respiratory enzyme activity
up regulation of warburg's respiratory enzyme activity
up-regulation of warburg's respiratory enzyme activity
regulation of phytol biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phytol biosynthetic process.
plastid to vacuole vesicle-mediated transport
The vesicle-mediated and directed movement of substances from plastid to vacuole.
plastid to vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y vesicle-mediated transport
regulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of threonine-tRNA ligase activity.
regulation of L-threonine:tRNAThr ligase (AMP-forming)
regulation of threonine-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
regulation of threonine translase activity
regulation of threonyl ribonucleic synthetase activity
regulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
regulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
regulation of threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
regulation of threonyl-tRNA synthetase activity
positive regulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methionine-tRNA ligase activity.
activation of L-methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
activation of methionine translase activity
activation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity
activation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
activation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
activation of methionyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
activation of methionyl-tRNA synthetase activity
positive regulation of L-methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
positive regulation of methionine translase activity
positive regulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
positive regulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
positive regulation of methionyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
positive regulation of methionyl-tRNA synthetase activity
upregulation of L-methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
up regulation of L-methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
up-regulation of L-methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
upregulation of methionine translase activity
up regulation of methionine translase activity
up-regulation of methionine translase activity
upregulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity
up regulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity
up-regulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity
upregulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
up regulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
up-regulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
upregulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
up regulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
up-regulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
upregulation of methionyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
up regulation of methionyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
up-regulation of methionyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
upregulation of methionyl-tRNA synthetase activity
up regulation of methionyl-tRNA synthetase activity
up-regulation of methionyl-tRNA synthetase activity
positive regulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of threonine-tRNA ligase activity.
activation of L-threonine:tRNAThr ligase (AMP-forming)
activation of threonine-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
activation of threonine translase activity
activation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity
activation of threonyl ribonucleic synthetase activity
activation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
activation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
activation of threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
activation of threonyl-tRNA synthetase activity
positive regulation of L-threonine:tRNAThr ligase (AMP-forming)
positive regulation of threonine-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
positive regulation of threonine translase activity
positive regulation of threonyl ribonucleic synthetase activity
positive regulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
positive regulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
positive regulation of threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
positive regulation of threonyl-tRNA synthetase activity
upregulation of L-threonine:tRNAThr ligase (AMP-forming)
up regulation of L-threonine:tRNAThr ligase (AMP-forming)
up-regulation of L-threonine:tRNAThr ligase (AMP-forming)
upregulation of threonine-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
up regulation of threonine-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
up-regulation of threonine-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
upregulation of threonine translase activity
up regulation of threonine translase activity
up-regulation of threonine translase activity
upregulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity
up regulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity
up-regulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity
upregulation of threonyl ribonucleic synthetase activity
up regulation of threonyl ribonucleic synthetase activity
up-regulation of threonyl ribonucleic synthetase activity
upregulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
up regulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
up-regulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
upregulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
up regulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
up-regulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
upregulation of threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
up regulation of threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
up-regulation of threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
upregulation of threonyl-tRNA synthetase activity
up regulation of threonyl-tRNA synthetase activity
up-regulation of threonyl-tRNA synthetase activity
negative regulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of threonine-tRNA ligase activity.
downregulation of L-threonine:tRNAThr ligase (AMP-forming)
down regulation of L-threonine:tRNAThr ligase (AMP-forming)
down-regulation of L-threonine:tRNAThr ligase (AMP-forming)
downregulation of threonine-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
down regulation of threonine-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
down-regulation of threonine-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
downregulation of threonine translase activity
down regulation of threonine translase activity
down-regulation of threonine translase activity
downregulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity
down regulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity
down-regulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity
downregulation of threonyl ribonucleic synthetase activity
down regulation of threonyl ribonucleic synthetase activity
down-regulation of threonyl ribonucleic synthetase activity
downregulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
down regulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
down-regulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
downregulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
down regulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
down-regulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
downregulation of threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
down regulation of threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
down-regulation of threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
downregulation of threonyl-tRNA synthetase activity
down regulation of threonyl-tRNA synthetase activity
down-regulation of threonyl-tRNA synthetase activity
inhibition of L-threonine:tRNAThr ligase (AMP-forming)
inhibition of threonine-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
inhibition of threonine translase activity
inhibition of threonine-tRNA ligase activity
inhibition of threonyl ribonucleic synthetase activity
inhibition of threonyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
inhibition of threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
inhibition of threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
inhibition of threonyl-tRNA synthetase activity
negative regulation of L-threonine:tRNAThr ligase (AMP-forming)
negative regulation of threonine-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
negative regulation of threonine translase activity
negative regulation of threonyl ribonucleic synthetase activity
negative regulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
negative regulation of threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
negative regulation of threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
negative regulation of threonyl-tRNA synthetase activity
positive regulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity.
activation of isoleucine-transfer RNA ligase activity
activation of isoleucine translase activity
activation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity
activation of isoleucine-tRNA synthetase activity
activation of isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
activation of isoleucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
activation of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
activation of L-isoleucine:tRNAIle ligase (AMP-forming)
positive regulation of isoleucine-transfer RNA ligase activity
positive regulation of isoleucine translase activity
positive regulation of isoleucine-tRNA synthetase activity
positive regulation of isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
positive regulation of isoleucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
positive regulation of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
positive regulation of L-isoleucine:tRNAIle ligase (AMP-forming)
upregulation of isoleucine-transfer RNA ligase activity
up regulation of isoleucine-transfer RNA ligase activity
up-regulation of isoleucine-transfer RNA ligase activity
upregulation of isoleucine translase activity
up regulation of isoleucine translase activity
up-regulation of isoleucine translase activity
upregulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity
up regulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity
up-regulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity
upregulation of isoleucine-tRNA synthetase activity
up regulation of isoleucine-tRNA synthetase activity
up-regulation of isoleucine-tRNA synthetase activity
upregulation of isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
up regulation of isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
up-regulation of isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
upregulation of isoleucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
up regulation of isoleucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
up-regulation of isoleucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
upregulation of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
up regulation of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
up-regulation of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
upregulation of L-isoleucine:tRNAIle ligase (AMP-forming)
up regulation of L-isoleucine:tRNAIle ligase (AMP-forming)
up-regulation of L-isoleucine:tRNAIle ligase (AMP-forming)
negative regulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity.
downregulation of isoleucine-transfer RNA ligase activity
down regulation of isoleucine-transfer RNA ligase activity
down-regulation of isoleucine-transfer RNA ligase activity
downregulation of isoleucine translase activity
down regulation of isoleucine translase activity
down-regulation of isoleucine translase activity
downregulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity
down regulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity
down-regulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity
downregulation of isoleucine-tRNA synthetase activity
down regulation of isoleucine-tRNA synthetase activity
down-regulation of isoleucine-tRNA synthetase activity
downregulation of isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
down regulation of isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
down-regulation of isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
downregulation of isoleucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
down regulation of isoleucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
down-regulation of isoleucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
downregulation of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
down regulation of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
down-regulation of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
downregulation of L-isoleucine:tRNAIle ligase (AMP-forming)
down regulation of L-isoleucine:tRNAIle ligase (AMP-forming)
down-regulation of L-isoleucine:tRNAIle ligase (AMP-forming)
inhibition of isoleucine-transfer RNA ligase activity
inhibition of isoleucine translase activity
inhibition of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity
inhibition of isoleucine-tRNA synthetase activity
inhibition of isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
inhibition of isoleucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
inhibition of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
inhibition of L-isoleucine:tRNAIle ligase (AMP-forming)
negative regulation of isoleucine-transfer RNA ligase activity
negative regulation of isoleucine translase activity
negative regulation of isoleucine-tRNA synthetase activity
negative regulation of isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
negative regulation of isoleucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
negative regulation of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
negative regulation of L-isoleucine:tRNAIle ligase (AMP-forming)
negative regulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methionine-tRNA ligase activity.
downregulation of L-methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
down regulation of L-methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
down-regulation of L-methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
downregulation of methionine translase activity
down regulation of methionine translase activity
down-regulation of methionine translase activity
downregulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity
down regulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity
down-regulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity
downregulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
down regulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
down-regulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
downregulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
down regulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
down-regulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
downregulation of methionyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
down regulation of methionyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
down-regulation of methionyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
downregulation of methionyl-tRNA synthetase activity
down regulation of methionyl-tRNA synthetase activity
down-regulation of methionyl-tRNA synthetase activity
inhibition of L-methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
inhibition of methionine translase activity
inhibition of methionine-tRNA ligase activity
inhibition of methionyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
inhibition of methionyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
inhibition of methionyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
inhibition of methionyl-tRNA synthetase activity
negative regulation of L-methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
negative regulation of methionine translase activity
negative regulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
negative regulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
negative regulation of methionyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
negative regulation of methionyl-tRNA synthetase activity
regulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methionine-tRNA ligase activity.
regulation of L-methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
regulation of methionine translase activity
regulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
regulation of methionyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity
regulation of methionyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
regulation of methionyl-tRNA synthetase activity
negative regulation of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan.
downregulation of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
down regulation of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
down-regulation of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
downregulation of de novo NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
down regulation of de novo NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
down-regulation of de novo NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
inhibition of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
inhibition of de novo NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
negative regulation of de novo NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
regulation of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan.
regulation of de novo NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
regulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity.
regulation of isoleucine-transfer RNA ligase activity
regulation of isoleucine translase activity
regulation of isoleucine-tRNA synthetase activity
regulation of isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase activity
regulation of isoleucyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity
regulation of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activity
regulation of L-isoleucine:tRNAIle ligase (AMP-forming)
positive regulation of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan.
activation of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
activation of de novo NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
positive regulation of de novo NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
upregulation of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
up regulation of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
up-regulation of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
upregulation of de novo NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
up regulation of de novo NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
up-regulation of de novo NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
negative regulation of L-lysine import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-lysine import into cell.
downregulation of L-lysine import into cell
down regulation of L-lysine import into cell
down-regulation of L-lysine import into cell
negative regulation of L-lysine import into cell
regulation of L-lysine import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-lysine import into cell.
transmembrane phosphate ion transport from cytosol to vacuole
The directed movement of phosphate ions from the cytosol across the vacuolar membrane and into the vacuolar lumen.
positive regulation of L-lysine import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-lysine import into cell.
positive regulation of L-lysine import into cell
upregulation of L-lysine import into cell
up regulation of L-lysine import into cell
up-regulation of L-lysine import into cell
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which a water molecule bound by the side chains of aspartic residues at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of picolinic acid.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.
activation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation
upregulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation
up regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation
up-regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism involving a glutamate/glutamine catalytic dyad.
negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.
downregulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation
down regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation
down-regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation
inhibition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
negative regulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.
down regulation of atrial repolarization
down-regulation of atrial repolarization
downregulation of electrocardiogram QRS complex
down regulation of electrocardiogram QRS complex
down-regulation of electrocardiogram QRS complex
downregulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
down regulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
down-regulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
inhibition of electrocardiogram QRS complex
inhibition of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
negative regulation of atrial repolarization
negative regulation of electrocardiogram QRS complex
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of C- or N-terminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
regulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.
regulation of electrocardiogram QRS complex
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism involving a glutamate/glutamine catalytic dyad.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving picolinic acid.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
positive regulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.
activation of electrocardiogram QRS complex
activation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
positive regulation of atrial repolarization
positive regulation of electrocardiogram QRS complex
upregulation of electrocardiogram QRS complex
up regulation of electrocardiogram QRS complex
up-regulation of electrocardiogram QRS complex
upregulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
up regulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
up-regulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell.
activation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell
upregulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell
up regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell
up-regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell
positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell.
activation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell
upregulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell
up regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell
up-regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell
negative regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell.
downregulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell
down regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell
down-regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell
inhibition of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell
An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle.
obsolete positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
OBSOLETE. Any positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity that is involved in positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond in an oligopeptide, i.e. a molecule containing a small number (2 to 20) of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds.
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.
activation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway
activation of dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
activation of dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
activation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
activation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
positive regulation of dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
positive regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
upregulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
up regulation of dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
up-regulation of dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
upregulation of dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
up regulation of dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
up-regulation of dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
upregulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
up regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
up-regulation of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell.
downregulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell
down regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell
down-regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell
inhibition of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell
A protein complex that possesses oligo-1,6-glucosidase activity; the complex is a heterodimer located in the cell membrane, and is formed by proteolytic cleavage of a single precursor polypeptide. The two subunits have different substrate specificities.
regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell.
alphav-beta3 integrin-thrombospondin complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin.
positive regulation of base-excision repair
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of base-excision repair.
Binding to an armadillo repeat domain, an approximately 40 amino acid long tandemly repeated sequence motif first identified in the Drosophila segment polarity protein armadillo. Arm-repeat proteins are involved in various processes, including intracellular signalling and cytoskeletal regulation.
negative regulation of base-excision repair
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of base-excision repair.
obsolete transforming growth factor beta type II receptor homodimeric complex
OBSOLETE. A receptor complex that consists of two transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor monomers. TGF-beta type II receptor dimers form in the presence or absence of ligand, and upon ligand binding can associate with TGF-beta type I receptor dimers.
calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Any calcium:cation antiporter activity that is involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
calcium:cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium ion antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
obsolete transforming growth factor beta type I receptor homodimeric complex
OBSOLETE. A receptor complex that consists of two transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type I receptor monomers. TGF-beta type I receptor dimers form in the presence or absence of ligand, and can associate with ligand-bound TGF-beta type II receptor dimers.
calcium-induced calcium release activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Any calcium-induced calcium release activity that is involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
calcium-induced calcium release activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
transforming growth factor beta ligand-receptor complex
A protein complex that is formed by the association of a TGF-beta dimeric ligand with 2 molecules of each receptor molecule, TGF-beta type I receptor and TGF-beta type II receptor. The receptor molecules may form homo- or heterodimers but only once bound by the ligand.
TGF-beta 1:type II receptor:type I receptor complex
TGF-beta1-type II receptor-type I receptor complex
TGF-beta receptor II-TGF-beta receptor I-TGF-beta1 complex
transforming growth factor beta1-type II receptor-type I receptor complex
negative regulation of metallopeptidase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metallopeptidase activity.
downregulation of metallopeptidase activity
down regulation of metallopeptidase activity
down-regulation of metallopeptidase activity
downregulation of metalloprotease activity
down regulation of metalloprotease activity
down-regulation of metalloprotease activity
downregulation of metalloproteinase activity
down regulation of metalloproteinase activity
down-regulation of metalloproteinase activity
inhibition of metalloproteinase activity
negative regulation of metalloprotease activity
negative regulation of metalloproteinase activity
obsolete transforming growth factor beta1-type II receptor complex
OBSOLETE. A protein complex that consists of a dimeric transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor bound to a TGF-beta1 dimer.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metallopeptidase activity.
regulation of metalloproteinase activity
interleukin-12-interleukin-12 receptor complex
A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-12 receptor complex with an interleukin-12 heterodimer.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of base-excision repair.
obsolete transforming growth factor beta receptor complex
OBSOLETE. A homodimeric receptor complex that consists of two TGF-beta receptor monomers.
positive regulation of metallopeptidase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metallopeptidase activity.
activation of metalloproteinase activity
positive regulation of metalloprotease activity
positive regulation of metalloproteinase activity
upregulation of metallopeptidase activity
up regulation of metallopeptidase activity
up-regulation of metallopeptidase activity
upregulation of metalloprotease activity
up regulation of metalloprotease activity
up-regulation of metalloprotease activity
upregulation of metalloproteinase activity
up regulation of metalloproteinase activity
up-regulation of metalloproteinase activity
negative regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.
downregulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration
down regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration
down-regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration
inhibition of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration
A protein complex that contains the cell surface signaling molecule CD19, the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav, and the regulatory subunit alpha of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K).
CD19-Vav-PI 3-kinase (p85 subunit) complex
regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.
Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of carbon monoxide (CO).
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitotic spindle pole body.
positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.
activation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration
upregulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration
up regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration
up-regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration
alphav-beta3 integrin-osteopontin complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelium regeneration.
regulation of regeneration of epithelium
obsolete regulation of transcription by carbon monoxide
OBSOLETE. Any process involving carbon monoxide that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an otic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
alphav-beta5 integrin-osteopontin complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta5 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
positive regulation of epithelium regeneration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelium regeneration.
activation of regeneration of epithelium
positive regulation of regeneration of epithelium
up regulation of epithelium regeneration
up-regulation of epithelium regeneration
upregulation of regeneration of epithelium
up regulation of regeneration of epithelium
up-regulation of regeneration of epithelium
alphav-beta1 integrin-osteopontin complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
negative regulation of epithelium regeneration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelium regeneration.
downregulation of epithelium regeneration
down regulation of epithelium regeneration
down-regulation of epithelium regeneration
downregulation of regeneration of epithelium
down regulation of regeneration of epithelium
down-regulation of regeneration of epithelium
inhibition of regeneration of epithelium
negative regulation of regeneration of epithelium
synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin II complex
A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin II (or orthologs thereof).
SNARE complex (Vamp2, Snap25, Stx1a, Cplx2)
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an autophagosome.
synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin I complex
A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin I (or orthologs thereof).
SNARE complex (Vamp2, Snap25, Stx1a, Cplx1)
positive regulation of antifungal innate immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an antifungal innate immune response.
activation of antifungal innate immune response
upregulation of antifungal innate immune response
up regulation of antifungal innate immune response
up-regulation of antifungal innate immune response
obsolete purine NTP-dependent helicase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: purine NTP + H2O = purine NDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.
The process in which carboxylic acid is transported across a membrane.
regulation of membrane lipid metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane lipid metabolic process.
rRNA (pseudouridine) methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a pseudouridine residue in an rRNA molecule.
positive regulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential.
activation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
upregulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
up regulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
up-regulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
obsolete GTP-dependent helicase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.
negative regulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential.
downregulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
down regulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
down-regulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
inhibition of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
rRNA (guanosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methylguanosine.
negative regulation of antifungal innate immune response
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an antifungal innate immune response.
downregulation of antifungal innate immune response
down regulation of antifungal innate immune response
down-regulation of antifungal innate immune response
inhibition of antifungal innate immune response
rRNA (pseudouridine-N3-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N3-methylpseudouridine.
regulation of antifungal innate immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an antifungal innate immune response.
rRNA (uridine-C5-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing C5-methyluridine.
positive regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.
activation of membrane depolarization during atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
activation of membrane depolarization during AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
activation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential
positive regulation of membrane depolarization during atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
positive regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
upregulation of membrane depolarization during atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
up regulation of membrane depolarization during atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
up-regulation of membrane depolarization during atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
upregulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
up regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
up-regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
upregulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential
up regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential
up-regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential
rRNA (adenine-C2-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2503) in 23S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + rRNA containing C2-methyladenine(2503) in 23S rRNA.
negative regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.
downregulation of membrane depolarization during atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
down regulation of membrane depolarization during atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
down-regulation of membrane depolarization during atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
downregulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
down regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
down-regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
downregulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential
down regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential
down-regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential
inhibition of membrane depolarization during atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
inhibition of membrane depolarization during AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
inhibition of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential
negative regulation of membrane depolarization during atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
negative regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
rRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N7-methylguanine.
regulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential.
rRNA (uridine-N3-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N3-methyluridine.
voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
Any voltage-gated ion channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.
voltage-dependent ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
voltage-dependent ion channel activity involved in regulation of post-synaptic membrane potential
voltage gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
voltage gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of post-synaptic membrane potential
voltage-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
voltage-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of post-synaptic membrane potential
synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-2 complex
A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 2 (or orthologs thereof).
negative regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.
downregulation of electrocardiogram T wave
down regulation of electrocardiogram T wave
down-regulation of electrocardiogram T wave
downregulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
down regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
down-regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
downregulation of regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle repolarization
down regulation of regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle repolarization
down-regulation of regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle repolarization
downregulation of ventricular repolarization
down regulation of ventricular repolarization
down-regulation of ventricular repolarization
inhibition of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
inhibition of regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle repolarization
inhibition of ventricular repolarization
negative regulation of electrocardiogram T wave
negative regulation of regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle repolarization
negative regulation of ventricular repolarization
synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a complex
A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 1a (or orthologs thereof).
regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.
regulation of regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle repolarization
regulation of ventricular repolarization
synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-4 complex
A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 4 (or orthologs thereof).
regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.
regulation of membrane depolarization during atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell action potential
regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cardiac muscle cell action potential
synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-3 complex
A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 3 (or orthologs thereof).
positive regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.
activation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
activation of regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle repolarization
activation of ventricular repolarization
positive regulation of electrocardiogram T wave
positive regulation of regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle repolarization
positive regulation of ventricular repolarization
upregulation of electrocardiogram T wave
up regulation of electrocardiogram T wave
up-regulation of electrocardiogram T wave
upregulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
up regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
up-regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
upregulation of regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle repolarization
up regulation of regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle repolarization
up-regulation of regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle repolarization
upregulation of ventricular repolarization
up regulation of ventricular repolarization
up-regulation of ventricular repolarization
A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 2 (or orthologs thereof).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bioluminescence.
A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 1a (or orthologs thereof).
positive regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation.
activation of mitochondrial translational elongation
activation of mitochondrial translation elongation
positive regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation
upregulation of mitochondrial translational elongation
up regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation
up-regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation
upregulation of mitochondrial translation elongation
up regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation
up-regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation
Binding to fibrinogen, a highly soluble hexameric glycoprotein complex that is found in blood plasma and is converted to fibrin by thrombin in the coagulation cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bioluminescence.
The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a neuron in a stable, differentiated functional and structural state.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bioluminescence.
Combining with thrombospondin and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
positive regulation of cerebellar neuron development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development.
activation of cerebellar neuron development
upregulation of cerebellar neuron development
up regulation of cerebellar neuron development
up-regulation of cerebellar neuron development
negative regulation of cerebellar neuron development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development.
downregulation of cerebellar neuron development
down regulation of cerebellar neuron development
down-regulation of cerebellar neuron development
inhibition of cerebellar neuron development
obsolete mRNA endonucleolytic cleavage involved in unfolded protein response
OBSOLETE. The endonucleolytic cleavage of a mRNA containing an HAC1-type intron at the 5' and 3' splice sites. The cleavage step is part of unconventional mRNA splicing, and contributes to the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.
negative regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation.
downregulation of mitochondrial translational elongation
down regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation
down-regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation
downregulation of mitochondrial translation elongation
down regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation
down-regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation
inhibition of mitochondrial translational elongation
inhibition of mitochondrial translation elongation
negative regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation
mRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation
Splicing of mRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.
regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation.
regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation
prospore membrane spindle pole body attachment site
The region of the prospore membrane to which the spindle pole body (SPB) is anchored; the prospore membrane extends from the SPB attachment site to surround the spore nucleus.
forespore membrane spindle pole body attachment site
The region of the prospore membrane that extends to surround the spore nucleus; coated with specific proteins that are thought to play a role in prospore membrane organization.
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
apoptosis in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress
regulation of cerebellar neuron development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development.
The process in which tRNA genes, which are not linearly connected on the chromosome, are transported in three dimensions to, and maintained together in, the nucleolus. This clustered positioning leads to transcriptional silencing of nearby RNA polymerase II promoters (termed tRNA gene mediated (tgm) silencing) in S. cerevisiae.
Binding to the D- or L-enantiomer of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-hex-2-ulose.
regulation of tight junction disassembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction disassembly.
regulation of occluding cell junction disassembly
regulation of occluding junction disassembly
The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine in the absence of any existing actin filaments; elongation of the actin oligomer formed by nucleation leads to the formation of an unbranched filament.
formin-mediated actin filament nucleation
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac jelly over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac jelly is an acellular gelatinous matrix secreted by the myocardium and plays a central role in the septation of the heart.
Binding to an RNA polymerase molecule or complex.
positive regulation of tight junction disassembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction disassembly.
activation of occluding cell junction disassembly
activation of occluding junction disassembly
activation of tight junction disassembly
positive regulation of occluding cell junction disassembly
positive regulation of occluding junction disassembly
upregulation of occluding cell junction disassembly
up regulation of occluding cell junction disassembly
up-regulation of occluding cell junction disassembly
upregulation of tight junction disassembly
up regulation of tight junction disassembly
up-regulation of tight junction disassembly
A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
negative regulation of tight junction disassembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction disassembly.
downregulation of occluding cell junction disassembly
down regulation of occluding cell junction disassembly
down-regulation of occluding cell junction disassembly
downregulation of occluding junction disassembly
downregulation of tight junction disassembly
down regulation of tight junction disassembly
down-regulation of tight junction disassembly
inhibition of occluding cell junction disassembly
inhibition of occluding junction disassembly
inhibition of tight junction disassembly
negative regulation of occluding cell junction disassembly
A SNARE complex that contains cellubrevin (VAMP3), VAMP4, and syntaxin 16 (or orthologs thereof).
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an allantois over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Binding to a proline-rich region, i.e. a region that contains a high proportion of proline residues, in a protein.
positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development.
activation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development
activation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
activation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
positive regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development
positive regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
positive regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
upregulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development
up regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development
up-regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development
upregulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
up regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
up-regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
upregulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
up regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
up-regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
upregulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
up regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
up-regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
A SNARE complex that contains syntaxin 6, syntaxin 16, and Vti1a (or orthologs thereof).
The disaggregation of an tight junction into its constituent components.
cellubrevin-VAMP4-endobrevin-syntaxin-6 complex
A SNARE complex that contains cellubrevin (VAMP3), VAMP4, endobrevin (VAMP8), and syntaxin 6 (or orthologs thereof).
SNARE complex (Vamp3, Vamp4, Vam8, Stx6)
anterior visceral endoderm cell migration
The orderly movement of an anterior visceral endoderm cell from one site to another.
A protein complex in which at least one of the proteins is a cytochrome, i.e. a heme-containing protein involved in catalysis of redox reactions.
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.
activation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation
activation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
positive regulation of VSMC differentiation
upregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation
up regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation
up-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation
upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
up regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
VAMP4-syntaxin-6-syntaxin-16-Vti1a complex
A SNARE complex that contains VAMP4, syntaxin 6, syntaxin 16, and Vti1a (or orthologs thereof).
SNARE complex (Vamp4, Stx6, Stx16, Vti1a)
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.
downregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation
down regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation
down-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation
downregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
down regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
inhibition of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation
inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
negative regulation of VSMC differentiation
proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, a large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane.
negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development.
downregulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development
down regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development
down-regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development
downregulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
down regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
down-regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
downregulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
down regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
down-regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
downregulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
down regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
down-regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
inhibition of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development
inhibition of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
inhibition of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
negative regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development
negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient.
regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development.
regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
clustering of voltage-gated calcium channels
The process in which voltage-gated calcium channels become localized together in high densities.
clustering of voltage-dependent calcium channels
clustering of voltage gated calcium channels
voltage-gated calcium channel clustering
negative regulation of cardioblast proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation.
downregulation of cardioblast proliferation
down regulation of cardioblast proliferation
down-regulation of cardioblast proliferation
vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across the vacuolar membrane.
calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Any calcium:cation antiporter activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
calcium:cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium:cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion levels
The regulated release of the aqueous layer of the tear film from the lacrimal glands. Tears are the liquid product of a process of lacrimation to clean and lubricate the eyes. Tear fluid contains water, mucin, lipids, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lipocalin, lacritin, immunoglobulins, glucose, urea, sodium, and potassium.
regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.
regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
A secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex; a small, threadlike structure located is close proximity to the subpellicular microtubules. Its contents include a rhomboid protease (PfROM1 in Plasmodium falciparum) that moves from the lateral asymmetric localization to the merozoite apical pole and the posterior pole upon release of merozoites from schizonts.
positive regulation of cardioblast proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation.
upregulation of cardioblast proliferation
up regulation of cardioblast proliferation
up-regulation of cardioblast proliferation
OBSOLETE. The modification of a histone by the removal of a methyl group from an arginine residue.
voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
Any voltage-gated calcium channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
depolarization-activated voltage gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
depolarization-activated voltage-gated calcium channel involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
voltage-dependent calcium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
voltage gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
voltage-gated calcium ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
voltage-sensitive calcium channel involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
The modification of a histone by the removal of a methyl group from a lysine residue.
P-type calcium transporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
A calcium-transporting P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
ATPase-coupled calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca2+-transporting) involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Ca2+-pumping ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium ABC transporter involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium efflux ATPase involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
plasma membrane Ca-ATPase involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
The modification of histone H4 by the removal of a methyl group from arginine at position 3 of the histone.
P-type calcium transporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
A calcium-transporting P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
ATPase-coupled calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca2+-transporting) involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Ca2+-pumping ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Ca2+-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium ABC transporter involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium efflux ATPase involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
calcium-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
plasma membrane Ca-ATPase involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from arginine at position 2 of the histone.
calcium-induced calcium release activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
Any calcium-induced calcium release activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
calcium-induced calcium release activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels
clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle
A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing monoamines.
clathrin sculpted monoamine constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle
clathrin sculpted monoamine transport vesicle
regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity.
regulation of adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
regulation of aerobic non-heme iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
regulation of anaerobic iron-sulfur-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
regulation of class III ribonucleotide reductase activity
regulation of class II ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity
regulation of class II ribonucleotide reductase activity
regulation of class I ribonucleotide reductase activity
regulation of nucleoside diphosphate reductase activity
regulation of purine/pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate reduction
regulation of ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate reductase activity
regulation of ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase activity
regulation of ribonucleotide reductase activity
Binding to a titin Z protein domain, which recognizes and binds to the C-terminal calmodulin-like domain of alpha-actinin-2 (Act-EF34), adopts a helical structure, and binds in a groove formed by the two planes between the helix pairs of Act-EF34.
positive regulation of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore.
activation of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore
upregulation of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore
up regulation of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore
up-regulation of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore
clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle.
clathrin sculpted monoamine constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle membrane
clathrin sculpted monoamine transport vesicle membrane
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a haloperidol stimulus.
clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle lumen
The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle.
clathrin sculpted monoamine constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle lumen
clathrin sculpted monoamine transport vesicle lumen
positive regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity.
activation of adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
activation of aerobic non-heme iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
activation of anaerobic iron-sulfur-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
activation of class III ribonucleotide reductase activity
activation of class II ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity
activation of class II ribonucleotide reductase activity
activation of class I ribonucleotide reductase activity
activation of nucleoside diphosphate reductase activity
activation of purine/pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate reduction
activation of ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate reductase activity
activation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity
activation of ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase activity
positive regulation of adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
positive regulation of aerobic non-heme iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
positive regulation of anaerobic iron-sulfur-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
positive regulation of class III ribonucleotide reductase activity
positive regulation of class II ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity
positive regulation of class II ribonucleotide reductase activity
positive regulation of class I ribonucleotide reductase activity
positive regulation of nucleoside diphosphate reductase activity
positive regulation of purine/pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate reduction
positive regulation of ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate reductase activity
positive regulation of ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase activity
upregulation of adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
up regulation of adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
up-regulation of adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
upregulation of aerobic non-heme iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
up regulation of aerobic non-heme iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
up-regulation of aerobic non-heme iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
upregulation of anaerobic iron-sulfur-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
up regulation of anaerobic iron-sulfur-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
up-regulation of anaerobic iron-sulfur-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity
upregulation of class III ribonucleotide reductase activity
up regulation of class III ribonucleotide reductase activity
up-regulation of class III ribonucleotide reductase activity
upregulation of class II ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity
up regulation of class II ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity
up-regulation of class II ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity
upregulation of class II ribonucleotide reductase activity
up regulation of class II ribonucleotide reductase activity
up-regulation of class II ribonucleotide reductase activity
upregulation of class I ribonucleotide reductase activity
up regulation of class I ribonucleotide reductase activity
up-regulation of class I ribonucleotide reductase activity
upregulation of nucleoside diphosphate reductase activity
up regulation of nucleoside diphosphate reductase activity
up-regulation of nucleoside diphosphate reductase activity
upregulation of purine/pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate reduction
up regulation of purine/pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate reduction
up-regulation of purine/pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate reduction
upregulation of ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate reductase activity
up regulation of ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate reductase activity
up-regulation of ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate reductase activity
upregulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity
up regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity
up-regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity
upregulation of ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase activity
up regulation of ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase activity
up-regulation of ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase activity
The covalent attachment and further modification of carbohydrate residues to a substrate molecule.
obsolete positive regulation of centromere clustering at the mitotic nuclear envelope
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centromere clustering at the nuclear envelope.
The protein modification process in which the translation-initiating methionine or formylmethionine residue is removed from a protein.
removal of initiator methionine from protein
obsolete regulation of centromere clustering at the mitotic nuclear envelope
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centromere clustering at the nuclear envelope.
Binding to a chromo shadow domain, a protein domain that is distantly related, and found in association with, the chromo domain.
regulation of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore.
Endocytosis of a protein that requires the substrate to be modified by ubiquitination. Several plasma membrane proteins, including cell surface permeases and some receptors, are targeted for internalization by endocytosis, and are thereafter delivered to the vacuole or lysosome, where they are degraded.
cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in cell-cell signaling
Any cell surface receptor signaling pathway that is involved in cell-cell signaling.
cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway involved in cell-cell signaling
cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway involved in cell-cell signalling
cell surface receptor linked signalling pathway involved in cell-cell signaling
cell surface receptor linked signalling pathway involved in cell-cell signalling
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction involved in cell-cell signaling
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction involved in cell-cell signalling
cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in cell-cell signalling
chloride-activated potassium channel activity
Enables the chloride concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of potassium ions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.
regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling.
An inclusion body located in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes that consists of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) molecules and associated proteins, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer; the proteins include PHA synthase, PHA depolymerase and 3HB-oligomer hydroxylase, phasins (PhaPs), which are thought to be the major structural proteins of the membrane surrounding the inclusion, and the regulator of phasin expression PhaR.
The regulated release of glucagon from secretory granules in the A (alpha) cells of the pancreas (islets of Langerhans).
positive regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling.
activation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling
upregulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling
up regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling
up-regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling
The intracellular plane, located halfway between the poles of the spindle, where chromosomes align during metaphase of mitotic or meiotic nuclear division.
negative regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling.
downregulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling
down regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling
down-regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling
inhibition of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling
negative regulation of glucagon secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ouabain stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ouabain stimulus.
obsolete cellular response to Dizocilpine
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Dizocilpine stimulus.
positive regulation of glucagon secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Dizocilpine stimulus.
Binding to the delta subunit of the catenin complex.
negative regulation of apoptosome assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosome assembly.
negative regulation of apoptosome formation
mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.
mitochondrion outer membrane translocase complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosome assembly.
regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of chemokine-mediated signalling pathway
obsolete integral component of lysosomal membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the lysosome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
The series of molecular signals initiated by a chemokine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
positive regulation of apoptosome assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosome assembly.
positive regulation of apoptosome formation
positive regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of chemokine-mediated signalling pathway
regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.
regulation of GDP-dissociation stimulator activity
regulation of guanyl-nucleotide release factor activity
regulation of guanyl-nucleotide releasing factor
negative regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.
negative regulation of chemokine-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway.
activation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway
activation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signalling pathway
upregulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway
up regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway
up-regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway
upregulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signalling pathway
up regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signalling pathway
up-regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signalling pathway
regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of IL-6-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.
activation of GDP-dissociation stimulator activity
activation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
activation of guanyl-nucleotide release factor activity
activation of guanyl-nucleotide releasing factor
positive regulation of GDP-dissociation stimulator activity
positive regulation of guanyl-nucleotide release factor activity
positive regulation of guanyl-nucleotide releasing factor
upregulation of GDP-dissociation stimulator activity
up regulation of GDP-dissociation stimulator activity
up-regulation of GDP-dissociation stimulator activity
upregulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
up regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
up-regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
upregulation of guanyl-nucleotide release factor activity
up regulation of guanyl-nucleotide release factor activity
up-regulation of guanyl-nucleotide release factor activity
upregulation of guanyl-nucleotide releasing factor
up regulation of guanyl-nucleotide releasing factor
up-regulation of guanyl-nucleotide releasing factor
interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-6 binding to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-6-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.
downregulation of GDP-dissociation stimulator activity
down regulation of GDP-dissociation stimulator activity
down-regulation of GDP-dissociation stimulator activity
downregulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
down regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
down-regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
downregulation of guanyl-nucleotide release factor activity
down regulation of guanyl-nucleotide release factor activity
down-regulation of guanyl-nucleotide release factor activity
downregulation of guanyl-nucleotide releasing factor
down regulation of guanyl-nucleotide releasing factor
down-regulation of guanyl-nucleotide releasing factor
inhibition of GDP-dissociation stimulator activity
inhibition of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
inhibition of guanyl-nucleotide release factor activity
inhibition of guanyl-nucleotide releasing factor
negative regulation of GDP-dissociation stimulator activity
negative regulation of guanyl-nucleotide release factor activity
negative regulation of guanyl-nucleotide releasing factor
positive regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of IL-6-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signalling pathway
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diosgenin stimulus.
negative regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway.
negative regulation of IL-6-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signalling pathway
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diosgenin stimulus.
regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of IL-27-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of IL27RA/IL6ST signaling pathway
regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway.
downregulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway
down regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway
downregulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signalling pathway
down regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signalling pathway
down-regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signalling pathway
inhibition of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signalling pathway
interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-27 binding to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-27-mediated signalling pathway
regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of IL-27-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of IL27RA/IL6ST signaling pathway
positive regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signalling pathway
regulation of parkin-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a parkin-mediated process that positively regulates mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.
regulation of Park2-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
regulation of PRKN-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
negative regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway.
negative regulation of IL-27-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of IL27RA/IL6ST signaling pathway
negative regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of synaptonemal complex assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptonemal complex assembly.
activation of synaptonemal complex assembly
activation of synaptonemal complex formation
positive regulation of synaptonemal complex formation
upregulation of synaptonemal complex assembly
up regulation of synaptonemal complex assembly
up-regulation of synaptonemal complex assembly
upregulation of synaptonemal complex formation
up regulation of synaptonemal complex formation
up-regulation of synaptonemal complex formation
A bacteroid-containing symbiosome in which the bacterial component is a genetically highly reduced cyanobacterium that is photosynthetically active and incapable of an independent existence outside its host. The chromatophore functions as a photosynthetic organelle, and has been found and characterized in the amoeba Paulinella chromatophora.
positive regulation of parkin-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.
activation of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
positive regulation of Park2-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
positive regulation of PRKN-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
upregulation of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
up regulation of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
up-regulation of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor complex
A protein complex that acts as a receptor for the cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). In humans the receptor complex is a hexamer composed of two molecules each of CNTF and CNTFR and one molecule each of gp130 and LIFR.
negative regulation of parkin-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.
downregulation of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
down regulation of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
down-regulation of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
inhibition of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
negative regulation of Park2-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
negative regulation of PRKN-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.
Paulinella-type chromatophore inner membrane
positive regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy.
upregulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy
up regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy
up-regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround an organellar chromatophore.
negative regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy.
downregulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy
down regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy
down-regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy
organellar chromatophore intermembrane space
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers that surround an organellar chromatophore.
Paulinella-type chromatophore intermembrane space
negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated sodium channel activity.
downregulation of voltage-dependent sodium channel activity
down regulation of voltage-dependent sodium channel activity
down-regulation of voltage-dependent sodium channel activity
downregulation of voltage gated sodium channel activity
downregulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity
down regulation of voltage gated sodium channel activity
down regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity
down-regulation of voltage gated sodium channel activity
down-regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity
downregulation of voltage-gated sodium ion channel activity
down regulation of voltage-gated sodium ion channel activity
down-regulation of voltage-gated sodium ion channel activity
downregulation of voltage-sensitive sodium channel
down regulation of voltage-sensitive sodium channel
down-regulation of voltage-sensitive sodium channel
inhibition of voltage-dependent sodium channel activity
inhibition of voltage gated sodium channel activity
inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channel activity
inhibition of voltage-gated sodium ion channel activity
inhibition of voltage-sensitive sodium channel
negative regulation of voltage-dependent sodium channel activity
negative regulation of voltage gated sodium channel activity
negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium ion channel activity
negative regulation of voltage-sensitive sodium channel
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.
Paulinella-type chromatophore outer membrane
regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated sodium channel activity.
regulation of voltage-dependent sodium channel activity
regulation of voltage gated sodium channel activity
regulation of voltage-gated sodium ion channel activity
regulation of voltage-sensitive sodium channel
organellar chromatophore thylakoid lumen
The volume enclosed by an organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane.
Paulinella-type chromatophore thylakoid lumen
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetylcholine stimulus.
A thylakoid located in an organellar chromatophore.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetylcholine stimulus.
Binding to the cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy.
organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane
The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within an organellar chromatophore.
Paulinella-type chromatophore thylakoid membrane
Any cellular protein catabolic process that takes place in a lysosome.
cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome
cellular protein degradation in lysosome
The progression of the Kupffer's vesicle over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The Kupffer's vesicle is a small but distinctive epithelial sac containing fluid, located midventrally posterior to the yolk cell or its extension, and transiently present during most of the segmentation period.
negative regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.
downregulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation
down regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation
down-regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation
downregulation of apical epidermal ridge formation
down regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation
down-regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation
downregulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation
down regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation
down-regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation
inhibition of apical ectodermal ridge formation
inhibition of apical epidermal ridge formation
inhibition of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation
negative regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation
negative regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation
ciliary neurotrophic factor-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
ciliary neurotrophic factor-mediated signalling pathway
regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.
regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation
regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation
transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type III
Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; facilitates ligand binding to type I and type II TGF-beta receptors.
type III transforming growth factor beta receptor activity
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex.
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex formation
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an isopeptide bond. An isopeptide bond is an amide linkage between a carboxyl group of one amino acid and an amino group of another amino acid in which at least one of these groups is not on the a-carbon of one of the amino acids (for example, the link between an epsilon-amino group of a lysine molecule to a carboxyl group on a second amino acid is an isopeptide bond).
positive regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.
positive regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation
positive regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation
upregulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation
up regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation
up-regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation
upregulation of apical epidermal ridge formation
up regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation
up-regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation
upregulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation
up regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation
up-regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation
The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in a mitochondrion.
regulation of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition.
The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.
dethiobiotin import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of dethiobiotin from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
tRNA aminoacylation for mitochondrial protein translation
The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis in a mitochondrion.
The process that gives rise to the apical ectodermal ridge. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in a mitochondrion, usually in response to a termination codon (note that mitochondria use variants of the universal genetic code that differ between different taxa).
positive regulation of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition.
activation of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition
upregulation of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition
up regulation of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition
up-regulation of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.
regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism
regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis
regulation of mitochondrial protein formation
regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis
negative regulation of meiotic chromosome separation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation.
downregulation of chromosome separation during meiosis
down regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis
down-regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis
downregulation of meiotic chromosome resolution
down regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution
down-regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution
downregulation of meiotic chromosome separation
down regulation of meiotic chromosome separation
down-regulation of meiotic chromosome separation
inhibition of chromosome separation during meiosis
inhibition of meiotic chromosome resolution
inhibition of meiotic chromosome separation
negative regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis
negative regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution
regulation of meiotic chromosome separation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation.
regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis
regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution
positive regulation of mitochondrial translation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.
positive regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism
positive regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis
positive regulation of mitochondrial protein formation
positive regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis
The directed movement of biotin from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
negative regulation of mitochondrial translation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.
negative regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism
negative regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis
negative regulation of mitochondrial protein formation
negative regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis
positive regulation of meiotic chromosome separation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation.
activation of chromosome separation during meiosis
activation of meiotic chromosome resolution
activation of meiotic chromosome separation
positive regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis
positive regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution
upregulation of chromosome separation during meiosis
up regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis
up-regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis
upregulation of meiotic chromosome resolution
up regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution
up-regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution
upregulation of meiotic chromosome separation
up regulation of meiotic chromosome separation
up-regulation of meiotic chromosome separation
negative regulation of mitochondrial translational initiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion.
negative regulation of mitochondrial translation initiation
endocannabinoid signaling pathway involved in trans-synaptic signaling
Any endocannabinoid signaling pathway that is involved in trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid.
endocannabinoid signalling pathway involved in trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid
regulation of mitochondrial translational initiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion.
regulation of mitochondrial translation initiation
positive regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axo-dendritic protein transport.
activation of axo-dendritic protein transport
positive regulation of axonal protein transport
upregulation of axo-dendritic protein transport
up regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport
up-regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport
upregulation of axonal protein transport
up regulation of axonal protein transport
up-regulation of axonal protein transport
beta-1,2-oligomannoside metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides, which are found in fungal cell wall phosphopeptidomannan and phospholipomannan.
carcinine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of carcinine from one side of a membrane to the other.
positive regulation of mitochondrial translational initiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion.
positive regulation of mitochondrial translation initiation
The directed movement of carcinine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
ubiquitin-like protein-specific endopeptidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between an alpha-carboxyl group and an alpha-amino group within a small protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein (e.g. APG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO).
small conjugating protein-specific endopeptidase activity
positive regulation of glucosylceramidase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramidase activity.
activation of acid beta-glucosidase activity
activation of beta-D-glucocerebrosidase activity
activation of beta-glucocerebrosidase activity
activation of beta-glucosylceramidase activity
activation of ceramide glucosidase activity
activation of D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase activity
activation of GlcCer-beta-glucosidase activity
activation of glucocerebrosidase activity
activation of glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase activity
activation of glucosylceramidase activity
activation of glucosylcerebrosidase activity
activation of glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase activity
activation of glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase activity
activation of psychosine hydrolase activity
positive regulation of acid beta-glucosidase activity
positive regulation of beta-D-glucocerebrosidase activity
positive regulation of beta-glucocerebrosidase activity
positive regulation of beta-glucosylceramidase activity
positive regulation of ceramide glucosidase activity
positive regulation of D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase activity
positive regulation of GlcCer-beta-glucosidase activity
positive regulation of glucocerebrosidase activity
positive regulation of glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase activity
positive regulation of glucosylcerebrosidase activity
positive regulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase activity
positive regulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase activity
positive regulation of psychosine hydrolase activity
upregulation of acid beta-glucosidase activity
up regulation of acid beta-glucosidase activity
up-regulation of acid beta-glucosidase activity
upregulation of beta-D-glucocerebrosidase activity
up regulation of beta-D-glucocerebrosidase activity
up-regulation of beta-D-glucocerebrosidase activity
upregulation of beta-glucocerebrosidase activity
up regulation of beta-glucocerebrosidase activity
up-regulation of beta-glucocerebrosidase activity
upregulation of beta-glucosylceramidase activity
up regulation of beta-glucosylceramidase activity
up-regulation of beta-glucosylceramidase activity
upregulation of ceramide glucosidase activity
up regulation of ceramide glucosidase activity
up-regulation of ceramide glucosidase activity
upregulation of D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase activity
up regulation of D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase activity
up-regulation of D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase activity
upregulation of GlcCer-beta-glucosidase activity
up regulation of GlcCer-beta-glucosidase activity
up-regulation of GlcCer-beta-glucosidase activity
upregulation of glucocerebrosidase activity
up regulation of glucocerebrosidase activity
up-regulation of glucocerebrosidase activity
upregulation of glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase activity
up regulation of glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase activity
up-regulation of glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase activity
upregulation of glucosylceramidase activity
up regulation of glucosylceramidase activity
up-regulation of glucosylceramidase activity
upregulation of glucosylcerebrosidase activity
up regulation of glucosylcerebrosidase activity
up-regulation of glucosylcerebrosidase activity
upregulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase activity
up regulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase activity
up-regulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase activity
upregulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase activity
up regulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase activity
up-regulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase activity
upregulation of psychosine hydrolase activity
up regulation of psychosine hydrolase activity
up-regulation of psychosine hydrolase activity
beta-1,2-oligomannoside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides, which are found in fungal cell wall phosphopeptidomannan and phospholipomannan.
negative regulation of glucosylceramidase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramidase activity.
downregulation of acid beta-glucosidase activity
down regulation of acid beta-glucosidase activity
down-regulation of acid beta-glucosidase activity
downregulation of beta-D-glucocerebrosidase activity
down regulation of beta-D-glucocerebrosidase activity
down-regulation of beta-D-glucocerebrosidase activity
downregulation of beta-glucocerebrosidase activity
down regulation of beta-glucocerebrosidase activity
down-regulation of beta-glucocerebrosidase activity
downregulation of beta-glucosylceramidase activity
down regulation of beta-glucosylceramidase activity
down-regulation of beta-glucosylceramidase activity
downregulation of ceramide glucosidase activity
down regulation of ceramide glucosidase activity
down-regulation of ceramide glucosidase activity
downregulation of D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase activity
down regulation of D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase activity
down-regulation of D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase activity
downregulation of GlcCer-beta-glucosidase activity
down regulation of GlcCer-beta-glucosidase activity
down-regulation of GlcCer-beta-glucosidase activity
downregulation of glucocerebrosidase activity
down regulation of glucocerebrosidase activity
down-regulation of glucocerebrosidase activity
downregulation of glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase activity
down regulation of glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase activity
down-regulation of glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase activity
downregulation of glucosylceramidase activity
down regulation of glucosylceramidase activity
down-regulation of glucosylceramidase activity
downregulation of glucosylcerebrosidase activity
down regulation of glucosylcerebrosidase activity
down-regulation of glucosylcerebrosidase activity
downregulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase activity
down regulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase activity
down-regulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase activity
downregulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase activity
down regulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase activity
down-regulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase activity
downregulation of psychosine hydrolase activity
down regulation of psychosine hydrolase activity
down-regulation of psychosine hydrolase activity
inhibition of acid beta-glucosidase activity
inhibition of beta-D-glucocerebrosidase activity
inhibition of beta-glucocerebrosidase activity
inhibition of beta-glucosylceramidase activity
inhibition of ceramide glucosidase activity
inhibition of D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase activity
inhibition of GlcCer-beta-glucosidase activity
inhibition of glucocerebrosidase activity
inhibition of glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase activity
inhibition of glucosylceramidase activity
inhibition of glucosylcerebrosidase activity
inhibition of glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase activity
inhibition of glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase activity
inhibition of psychosine hydrolase activity
negative regulation of acid beta-glucosidase activity
negative regulation of beta-D-glucocerebrosidase activity
negative regulation of beta-glucocerebrosidase activity
negative regulation of beta-glucosylceramidase activity
negative regulation of ceramide glucosidase activity
negative regulation of D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase activity
negative regulation of GlcCer-beta-glucosidase activity
negative regulation of glucocerebrosidase activity
negative regulation of glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase activity
negative regulation of glucosylcerebrosidase activity
negative regulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase activity
negative regulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase activity
negative regulation of psychosine hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between an alpha-carboxyl group and an alpha-amino group within the small conjugating protein SUMO.
negative regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axo-dendritic protein transport.
downregulation of axo-dendritic protein transport
down regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport
down-regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport
downregulation of axonal protein transport
down regulation of axonal protein transport
down-regulation of axonal protein transport
inhibition of axo-dendritic protein transport
negative regulation of axonal protein transport
regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axo-dendritic protein transport.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a haloperidol stimulus.
mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
regulation of glucosylceramidase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramidase activity.
regulation of acid beta-glucosidase activity
regulation of beta-D-glucocerebrosidase activity
regulation of beta-glucocerebrosidase activity
regulation of beta-glucosylceramidase activity
regulation of ceramide glucosidase activity
regulation of D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase activity
regulation of GlcCer-beta-glucosidase activity
regulation of glucocerebrosidase activity
regulation of glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase activity
regulation of glucosylcerebrosidase activity
regulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase activity
regulation of glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase activity
regulation of psychosine hydrolase activity
Evagination of a membrane to form a synaptic vesicle.
mitochondrial asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of urease activity.
regulation of urea amidohydrolase activity
mitochondrial arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration.
activation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration
upregulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration
up regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration
up-regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration
mitochondrial cysteinyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
negative regulation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity.
downregulation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
down regulation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
down-regulation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
downregulation of serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase activity
down regulation of serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase activity
down-regulation of serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase activity
inhibition of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
inhibition of serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase activity
negative regulation of serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase activity
mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of urease activity.
activation of urea amidohydrolase activity
positive regulation of urea amidohydrolase activity
upregulation of urea amidohydrolase activity
up regulation of urea amidohydrolase activity
up-regulation of urea amidohydrolase activity
mitochondrial glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a tracheary element.
mitochondrial glutaminyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation.
activation of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation
positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation
upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation
up regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation
up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation
mitochondrial histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration.
downregulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration
down regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration
down-regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration
inhibition of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration
mitochondrial glycyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration.
mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex.
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex formation
mitochondrial isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation.
downregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation
down regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation
down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation
inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation
negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation
The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation.
regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation
mitochondrial prolyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
regulation of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle.
regulation of protein localisation in phagocytic vesicle
regulation of protein localisation to phagocytic vesicle
regulation of protein localisation to phagosome
regulation of protein localization in phagocytic vesicle
regulation of protein recruitment to phagosome
mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.
activation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
activation of homologous recombinational repair
activation of Rad51-dependent recombinational repair
activation of Rhp51-dependent recombinational repair
positive regulation of homologous recombinational repair
positive regulation of homology-directed repair
positive regulation of Rad51-dependent recombinational repair
positive regulation of Rhp51-dependent recombinational repair
upregulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
up regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
up-regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
upregulation of homologous recombinational repair
up regulation of homologous recombinational repair
up-regulation of homologous recombinational repair
upregulation of homology-directed repair
up regulation of homology-directed repair
up-regulation of homology-directed repair
upregulation of Rad51-dependent recombinational repair
up regulation of Rad51-dependent recombinational repair
up-regulation of Rad51-dependent recombinational repair
upregulation of Rhp51-dependent recombinational repair
up regulation of Rhp51-dependent recombinational repair
up-regulation of Rhp51-dependent recombinational repair
mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
positive regulation of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle.
activation of protein localisation in phagocytic vesicle
activation of protein localisation to phagocytic vesicle
activation of protein localisation to phagosome
activation of protein localization in phagocytic vesicle
activation of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle
activation of protein recruitment to phagosome
positive regulation of protein localisation in phagocytic vesicle
positive regulation of protein localisation to phagocytic vesicle
positive regulation of protein localisation to phagosome
positive regulation of protein localization in phagocytic vesicle
positive regulation of protein recruitment to phagosome
upregulation of protein localisation in phagocytic vesicle
up regulation of protein localisation in phagocytic vesicle
up-regulation of protein localisation in phagocytic vesicle
upregulation of protein localisation to phagocytic vesicle
up regulation of protein localisation to phagocytic vesicle
up-regulation of protein localisation to phagocytic vesicle
upregulation of protein localisation to phagosome
up regulation of protein localisation to phagosome
up-regulation of protein localisation to phagosome
upregulation of protein localization in phagocytic vesicle
up regulation of protein localization in phagocytic vesicle
up-regulation of protein localization in phagocytic vesicle
upregulation of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle
up regulation of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle
up-regulation of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle
upregulation of protein recruitment to phagosome
up regulation of protein recruitment to phagosome
up-regulation of protein recruitment to phagosome
The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
negative regulation of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle.
downregulation of protein localisation in phagocytic vesicle
down regulation of protein localisation in phagocytic vesicle
down-regulation of protein localisation in phagocytic vesicle
downregulation of protein localisation to phagocytic vesicle
down regulation of protein localisation to phagocytic vesicle
down-regulation of protein localisation to phagocytic vesicle
downregulation of protein localisation to phagosome
down regulation of protein localisation to phagosome
down-regulation of protein localisation to phagosome
downregulation of protein localization in phagocytic vesicle
down regulation of protein localization in phagocytic vesicle
down-regulation of protein localization in phagocytic vesicle
downregulation of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle
down regulation of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle
down-regulation of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle
downregulation of protein recruitment to phagosome
down regulation of protein recruitment to phagosome
down-regulation of protein recruitment to phagosome
inhibition of protein localisation in phagocytic vesicle
inhibition of protein localisation to phagocytic vesicle
inhibition of protein localisation to phagosome
inhibition of protein localization in phagocytic vesicle
inhibition of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle
inhibition of protein recruitment to phagosome
negative regulation of protein localisation in phagocytic vesicle
negative regulation of protein localisation to phagocytic vesicle
negative regulation of protein localisation to phagosome
negative regulation of protein localization in phagocytic vesicle
negative regulation of protein recruitment to phagosome
A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix.
regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysosomal protein catabolic process.
regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome
regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome
regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome
regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome
regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism
regulation of lysosomal protein degradation
regulation of proteolysis within lysosome
A cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.
positive regulation of phagosome maturation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagosome maturation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.
positive regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysosomal protein catabolic process.
activation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome
activation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome
activation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome
activation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome
activation of lysosomal protein catabolic process
activation of lysosomal protein catabolism
activation of lysosomal protein degradation
activation of proteolysis within lysosome
positive regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome
positive regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome
positive regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome
positive regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome
positive regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism
positive regulation of lysosomal protein degradation
positive regulation of lysosomal proteolysis
positive regulation of proteolysis within lysosome
upregulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome
up regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome
up-regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome
upregulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome
up regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome
up-regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome
upregulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome
up regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome
up-regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome
upregulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome
up regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome
up-regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome
upregulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process
up regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process
up-regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process
upregulation of lysosomal protein catabolism
up regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism
up-regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism
upregulation of lysosomal protein degradation
up regulation of lysosomal protein degradation
up-regulation of lysosomal protein degradation
upregulation of proteolysis within lysosome
up regulation of proteolysis within lysosome
up-regulation of proteolysis within lysosome
The regulated release of adiponectin, a protein hormone, by adipose tissue.
negative regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysosomal protein catabolic process.
downregulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome
down regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome
down-regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome
downregulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome
down regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome
down-regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome
downregulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome
down regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome
down-regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome
downregulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome
down regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome
down-regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome
downregulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process
down regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process
down-regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process
downregulation of lysosomal protein catabolism
down regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism
down-regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism
downregulation of lysosomal protein degradation
down regulation of lysosomal protein degradation
down-regulation of lysosomal protein degradation
down regulation of lysosomal proteolysis
down-regulation of lysosomal proteolysis
downregulation of proteolysis within lysosome
down regulation of proteolysis within lysosome
down-regulation of proteolysis within lysosome
inhibition of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome
inhibition of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome
inhibition of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome
inhibition of cellular protein degradation in lysosome
inhibition of lysosomal protein catabolic process
inhibition of lysosomal protein catabolism
inhibition of lysosomal protein degradation
inhibition of proteolysis within lysosome
negative regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome
negative regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome
negative regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome
negative regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome
negative regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism
negative regulation of lysosomal protein degradation
negative regulation of lysosomal proteolysis
negative regulation of proteolysis within lysosome
positive regulation of adiponectin secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.
protein localization to phagocytic vesicle
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a phagocytic vesicle.
protein localisation in phagocytic vesicle
protein localisation to phagocytic vesicle
protein localization in phagocytic vesicle
negative regulation of adiponectin secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.
down regulation of adiponectin secretion
down-regulation of adiponectin secretion
obsolete positive regulation of Factor XII activation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Factor XII activation.
regulation of biomineral tissue development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
negative regulation of phagosome maturation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagosome maturation.
The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited in tooth enamel.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagosome maturation.
positive regulation of biomineral tissue development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis.
negative regulation of biomineral tissue development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis.
negative regulation of tooth mineralization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.
obsolete negative regulation of Factor XII activation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Factor XII activation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.
obsolete regulation of Factor XII activation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Factor XII activation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination.
positive regulation of tooth mineralization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.
positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated sodium channel activity.
activation of voltage-dependent sodium channel activity
activation of voltage gated sodium channel activity
activation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity
activation of voltage-gated sodium ion channel activity
activation of voltage-sensitive sodium channel
positive regulation of voltage-dependent sodium channel activity
positive regulation of voltage gated sodium channel activity
positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium ion channel activity
positive regulation of voltage-sensitive sodium channel
upregulation of voltage-dependent sodium channel activity
up regulation of voltage-dependent sodium channel activity
up-regulation of voltage-dependent sodium channel activity
upregulation of voltage gated sodium channel activity
upregulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity
up regulation of voltage gated sodium channel activity
up regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity
up-regulation of voltage gated sodium channel activity
up-regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity
upregulation of voltage-gated sodium ion channel activity
up regulation of voltage-gated sodium ion channel activity
up-regulation of voltage-gated sodium ion channel activity
upregulation of voltage-sensitive sodium channel
up regulation of voltage-sensitive sodium channel
up-regulation of voltage-sensitive sodium channel
positive regulation of enamel mineralization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.
positive regulation of membrane invagination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination.
negative regulation of enamel mineralization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.
negative regulation of membrane invagination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination.
down regulation of membrane invagination
down-regulation of membrane invagination
The regulated release of water from a contractile vacuole to the outside of a cell by fusion of the contractile vacuole membrane with the plasma membrane.
negative regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation.
A transcriptional repressor complex that contains the lin-9, lin-35, lin-37, lin-52, lin-53, lin-5is involved in 4-, dpl-1 and efl-1 proteins, and is involved in cell fate specification.
positive regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast chemotaxis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. D-serine is often formed by racemization of L-serine.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.
Binding to small ribosomal subunit RNA (SSU rRNA), a constituent of the small ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 18S rRNA.
positive regulation of cardiocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation.
activation of cardiac cell differentiation
activation of cardiocyte differentiation
activation of heart cell differentiation
positive regulation of cardiac cell differentiation
positive regulation of heart cell differentiation
upregulation of cardiac cell differentiation
up regulation of cardiac cell differentiation
up-regulation of cardiac cell differentiation
upregulation of cardiocyte differentiation
up regulation of cardiocyte differentiation
up-regulation of cardiocyte differentiation
upregulation of heart cell differentiation
up regulation of heart cell differentiation
up-regulation of heart cell differentiation
Binding to large ribosomal subunit RNA (LSU rRNA), a constituent of the large ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 25S rRNA.
negative regulation of cardiocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation.
downregulation of cardiac cell differentiation
down regulation of cardiac cell differentiation
down-regulation of cardiac cell differentiation
downregulation of cardiocyte differentiation
down regulation of cardiocyte differentiation
down-regulation of cardiocyte differentiation
downregulation of heart cell differentiation
down regulation of heart cell differentiation
down-regulation of heart cell differentiation
inhibition of cardiac cell differentiation
inhibition of cardiocyte differentiation
inhibition of heart cell differentiation
negative regulation of cardiac cell differentiation
negative regulation of heart cell differentiation
mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
negative regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast chemotaxis.
down regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis
down-regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast chemotaxis.
The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
positive regulation of connective tissue replacement
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.
activation of connective tissue replacement
upregulation of connective tissue replacement
up regulation of connective tissue replacement
up-regulation of connective tissue replacement
mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA aminoacylation
The process of coupling tyrosine to tyrosyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
negative regulation of connective tissue replacement
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.
downregulation of connective tissue replacement
down regulation of connective tissue replacement
down-regulation of connective tissue replacement
inhibition of connective tissue replacement
A nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase. The complex is known to contain TERF1, TERF2, POT1, RAP1, TINF2 and ACD in mammalian cells, and Pot1, Tpz1, Rap1, Rif1, Rif2 and Taz1 in Saccharomyces. Taz1 and Rap1 (or their mammalian equivalents) form a dsDNA-binding subcomplex, Pot1 and Tpz1 form an ssDNA-binding subcomplex, and the two subcomplexes are bridged by Poz1, which acts as an effector molecule along with Ccq1.
regulation of cardiocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation.
regulation of cardiac cell differentiation
regulation of heart cell differentiation
The action characteristic of growth hormone, a peptide hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary or the placenta into the circulation, and binds to membrane receptors in target tissues to stimulate body growth.
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide.
activation of cell death in response to H2O2
activation of cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
activation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death
positive regulation of cell death in response to H2O2
positive regulation of cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death
upregulation of cell death in response to H2O2
up regulation of cell death in response to H2O2
up-regulation of cell death in response to H2O2
upregulation of cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
up regulation of cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
up-regulation of cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide
upregulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death
up regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death
up-regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death
The chemical reactions and pathways involving kynurenine, the amino acid 3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine.
gibberellin transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of gibberellin from one side of a membrane to the other.
OBSOLETE. A nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of the Stn1 and Ten1 proteins with telomeric DNA; in some species a third protein is present.
gibberellic acid transmembrane transport
The directed movement of gibberellic acid across a membrane.
methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine R-oxide + thioredoxin = L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide; can act on free oxidized methionine with specificity for the R enantiomer; does not act on oxidized methionine in peptide linkage. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.
regulation of connective tissue replacement
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.
obsolete inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase or 3-kinase activity
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (2,3,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate, and ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.
A protein complex which is capable of methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase activity.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synaptonemal complex. A synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous scaffold formed between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
endocannabinoid signaling pathway involved in retrograde trans-synaptic signaling
Any endocannabinoid signaling pathway that is involved in retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid.
endocannabinoid signalling pathway involved in retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid
chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle
A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle.
chromosome organisation involved in meiosis
obsolete positive regulation of ATPase activity, uncoupled
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATPase activity, uncoupled.
A receptor complex that consists of two identical subunits and binds growth hormone.
The disaggregation of a manchette into its constituent components.
The controlled breakdown of a synaptonemal complex.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a manchette.
meiotic attachment of telomere to nuclear envelope
The meiotic cell cycle process in which physical connections are formed between telomeric heterochromatin and the nuclear envelope, facilitating bouquet formation.
negative regulation of chloroplast fission
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chloroplast fission.
negative regulation of chloroplast division
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chloroplast fission.
establishment of protein localization to chromosome
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome.
establishment of protein localisation to chromosome
obsolete regulation of ATPase activity, uncoupled
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATPase activity, uncoupled.
protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the telomeric region of a chromosome.
protein localisation to chromosome, telomeric region
positive regulation of chloroplast fission
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chloroplast fission.
positive regulation of chloroplast division
regulation of establishment of protein localization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location.
regulation of establishment of protein localisation
regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II.
regulation of meiosis II metaphase/anaphase transition
establishment of protein localization to telomere
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.
establishment of protein localisation to telomere
establishment of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
positive regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I.
positive regulation of meiosis I metaphase/anaphase transition
regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.
regulation of establishment of protein localisation to telomere
positive regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II.
positive regulation of meiosis II metaphase/anaphase transition
regulation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome.
regulation of establishment of protein localisation to chromosome
negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II.
negative regulation of meiosis II metaphase/anaphase transition
2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-2-succinyl-cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate = (1R,6R)-2-succinyl-6-hydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate + pyruvate.
2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid synthase activity
6-hydroxy-2-succinylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate synthase activity
2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic-acid synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + H+ + isochorismate = 5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-2-succinyl-cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate + CO2.
positive regulation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity.
activation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
activation of serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase activity
positive regulation of serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase activity
upregulation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
up regulation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
up-regulation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
upregulation of serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase activity
up regulation of serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase activity
up-regulation of serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase activity
The formation of a protein homotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical subunits.
negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I.
The formation of a protein trimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I.
regulation of first meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition
regulation of meiosis I metaphase/anaphase transition
A protein complex that is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery; the acronym stands for ASsembly of Tel, Rvb and Atm-like kinase. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex includes Rvb1p, Rvb2p, Tra1p, Tel2p, Asa1p, Ttilp and Tti2p.
regulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type peptidase activity.
The formation of a protein heterotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.
protein heterotrimer biosynthetic process
regulation of modification of synaptic structure
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of modification of synaptic structure.
A histone deacetylase complex that is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains Snt2p, Ecm5p and Rpd3p.
positive regulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type peptidase activity.
activation of aspartic-type peptidase activity
upregulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity
up regulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity
up-regulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity
A protein complex that contains a histone deacetylase and is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains the Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Pho23p, Sap30p, Sds3p, Cti6p, Rxt2p, Rxt3p, Dep1p, Ume6p, Ash1p, Dot6p, Snt1, Sif2p, Set3p, Hos2p, Tos4p and Tod6p proteins.
negative regulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type peptidase activity.
downregulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity
down regulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity
down-regulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity
inhibition of aspartic-type peptidase activity
The ADP-ribosylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.
protein amino acid auto-ADP-ribosylation
positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation.
activation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
activation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
activation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
positive regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
positive regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
positive regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
upregulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
up regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
up-regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
upregulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
up regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
up-regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
upregulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
up regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
up-regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
upregulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
up regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
up-regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
The transfer of multiple ADP-ribose residues from NAD to a protein amino acid, forming a poly(ADP-ribose) chain.
protein amino acid poly-ADP-ribosylation
negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation.
downregulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
down regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
down-regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
downregulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
down regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
down-regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
downregulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
down regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
down-regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
downregulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
down regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
down-regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
inhibition of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
inhibition of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
inhibition of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
negative regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
OBSOLETE. Binding to an isoform of the MDM2 protein, a negative regulator of p53.
cellular response to 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine stimulus.
A protein complex that contains the protein-tyrosine kinase CSK and the GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-associated p62 (GAP-A.p62); may mediate translocation of proteins, including GAP and CSK, to membrane or cytoskeletal regions upon c-Src activation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine stimulus.
transcription factor TFIIIB complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a transcription factor TFIIIB complex.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclosporin A stimulus.
OBSOLETE. Binding to an isoform of the MDM4 protein, a negative regulator of p53.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a quercetin stimulus.
obsolete intracellular sulfide ion homeostasis
OBSOLETE. A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sulfide ions within a cell.
regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation.
regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfide ions within an organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclosporin A stimulus.
sulfide oxidation, using sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase
A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase.
sulfide oxidation, using sulfide-quinone reductase
sulphide oxidation, using sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a codeine stimulus.
A sulfur oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase, and requires the presence of oxygen.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-glutamate(1-) stimulus.
sulfide oxidation, using sulfur dioxygenase
A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase.
sulphide oxidation, using sulfur dioxygenase
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a quercetin stimulus.
sulfide oxidation, using sulfide dehydrogenase
A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide dehydrogenase.
sulphide oxidation, using sulfide dehydrogenase
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a codeine stimulus.
Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + oxidized cytochrome c = S + reduced cytochrome c.
flavocytochrome c sulfide dehydrogenase activity
cellular response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulus. TRH increases the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2S (hydrogen sulfide) + a quinone = S0 (sulfane sulfur) + a hydroquinone.
sulphide:quinone oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell.
activation of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell
upregulation of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell
up regulation of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell
up-regulation of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell
Any apoptotic process in a lymphocyte, a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a borneol stimulus.
sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a perthiol + 4 Fe3+ + 3 H2O = sulfite + a thiol + 4 Fe2+ + 8 H+.
hydrogen sulfide:ferric ion oxidoreductase
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a borneol stimulus.
negative regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
negative regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis
response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulus. TRH increases the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary.
regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
OBSOLETE. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a clathrin-coated pit.
Any apoptotic process in a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
programmed cell death of T cells by apoptosis
negative regulation of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell.
downregulation of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell
down regulation of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell
down-regulation of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell
inhibition of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell
positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis
regulation of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell.
negative regulation of T cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
negative regulation of programmed cell death of T cells by apoptosis
negative regulation of T lymphocyte apoptosis
negative regulation of T-lymphocyte apoptosis
positive regulation of platelet formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet formation.
positive regulation of platelet extrusion
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of T cell death by apoptotic process.
regulation of programmed cell death of T cells by apoptosis
negative regulation of platelet formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet formation.
negative regulation of platelet extrusion
regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
regulation of activated T cell apoptosis
regulation of activation-induced cell death of T-cells
regulation of activation-induced cell death of T lymphocytes
regulation of activation-induced cell death of T-lymphocytes
The developmental process by which an epicardium is generated and organized.
pericardium visceral mesothelium morphogenesis
visceral serous pericardium of heart morphogenesis
visceral serous pericardium proper morphogenesis
positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
positive regulation of programmed cell death of T cells by apoptosis
positive regulation of T lymphocyte apoptosis
positive regulation of T-lymphocyte apoptosis
The developmental process by which an atrioventricular canal is generated and organized.
canalis atrioventricularis morphogenesis
positive regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
activation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
positive regulation of activated T cell apoptosis
positive regulation of activation-induced cell death of T-cells
positive regulation of activation-induced cell death of T lymphocytes
positive regulation of activation-induced cell death of T-lymphocytes
positive regulation of antigen-driven apoptosis
stimulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
upregulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
up regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
up-regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an astaxanthin stimulus.
response to (3S,3'S)-3,3'-dihydroxy-beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione
negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
downregulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
down regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
down-regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
inhibition of activation-induced cell death of T cells
negative regulation of activated T cell apoptosis
negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T-cells
negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T lymphocytes
negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T-lymphocytes
negative regulation of antigen-driven apoptosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.
regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
regulation of activated cell autonomous cell death
regulation of activated T-cell autonomous cell death
regulation of activated T lymphocyte autonomous cell death
regulation of activated T-lymphocyte autonomous cell death
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet formation.
A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen via the accumulation of pro-apoptotic gene products and decrease in anti-apoptotic gene products.
activated T lymphocyte autonomous cell death
activated T-lymphocyte autonomous cell death
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an astaxanthin stimulus.
cellular response to (3S,3'S)-3,3'-dihydroxy-beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione
positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
activation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
positive regulation of activated cell autonomous cell death
positive regulation of activated T-cell autonomous cell death
positive regulation of activated T lymphocyte autonomous cell death
positive regulation of activated T-lymphocyte autonomous cell death
stimulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
upregulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
up regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
up-regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
negative regulation of epithelial tube formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation.
downregulation of epithelial tube formation
down regulation of epithelial tube formation
down-regulation of epithelial tube formation
negative regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
downregulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
down regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
down-regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
inhibition of activated T cell autonomous cell death
negative regulation of activated cell autonomous cell death
negative regulation of activated T-cell autonomous cell death
negative regulation of activated T lymphocyte autonomous cell death
negative regulation of activated T-lymphocyte autonomous cell death
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation.
regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi.
regulation of retrograde (endosome to Golgi) transport
Any apoptotic process in a thymocyte, an immature T cell located in the thymus.
positive regulation of epithelial tube formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation.
upregulation of epithelial tube formation
up regulation of epithelial tube formation
up-regulation of epithelial tube formation
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
positive regulation of immature T cell apoptosis
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptosis
positive regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism.
activation of H+-transporting ATP synthase activity
activation of hydrogen ion translocating F-type ATPase activity
activation of hydrogen ion transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
activation of hydrogen ion transporting two-sector ATPase activity
activation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
positive regulation of H+-transporting ATP synthase activity
positive regulation of hydrogen ion translocating F-type ATPase activity
positive regulation of hydrogen ion transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
positive regulation of hydrogen ion transporting two-sector ATPase activity
upregulation of H+-transporting ATP synthase activity
up regulation of H+-transporting ATP synthase activity
up-regulation of H+-transporting ATP synthase activity
upregulation of hydrogen ion translocating F-type ATPase activity
up regulation of hydrogen ion translocating F-type ATPase activity
up-regulation of hydrogen ion translocating F-type ATPase activity
upregulation of hydrogen ion transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
up regulation of hydrogen ion transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
up-regulation of hydrogen ion transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
upregulation of hydrogen ion transporting two-sector ATPase activity
up regulation of hydrogen ion transporting two-sector ATPase activity
up-regulation of hydrogen ion transporting two-sector ATPase activity
upregulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
up regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
up-regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
negative regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
negative regulation of immature T cell apoptosis
negative regulation of thymocyte apoptosis
negative regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism.
downregulation of H+-transporting ATP synthase activity
down regulation of H+-transporting ATP synthase activity
down-regulation of H+-transporting ATP synthase activity
downregulation of hydrogen ion translocating F-type ATPase activity
down regulation of hydrogen ion translocating F-type ATPase activity
down-regulation of hydrogen ion translocating F-type ATPase activity
downregulation of hydrogen ion transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
down regulation of hydrogen ion transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
down-regulation of hydrogen ion transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
downregulation of hydrogen ion transporting two-sector ATPase activity
down regulation of hydrogen ion transporting two-sector ATPase activity
down-regulation of hydrogen ion transporting two-sector ATPase activity
downregulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
down regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
down-regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
inhibition of H+-transporting ATP synthase activity
inhibition of hydrogen ion translocating F-type ATPase activity
inhibition of hydrogen ion transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
inhibition of hydrogen ion transporting two-sector ATPase activity
inhibition of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
negative regulation of H+-transporting ATP synthase activity
negative regulation of hydrogen ion translocating F-type ATPase activity
negative regulation of hydrogen ion transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
negative regulation of hydrogen ion transporting two-sector ATPase activity
regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
regulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Rohon-Beard neuron.
Any apoptotic process in a natural killer cell, a lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation.
regulation of modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.
regulation of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton remodelling
positive regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
activation of natural killer cell apoptosis
positive regulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
positive regulation of NK cell apoptosis
stimulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
upregulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
up regulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
up-regulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
positive regulation of chromatin organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization.
activation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
activation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
positive regulation of chromatin assembly/disassembly
positive regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
positive regulation of chromatin modification
positive regulation of chromatin organisation
positive regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
stimulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
upregulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
up regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
up-regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
upregulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
up regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
up-regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
negative regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
downregulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
down regulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
down-regulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
inhibition of natural killer cell apoptosis
negative regulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
negative regulation of NK cell apoptosis
negative regulation of chromatin organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization.
downregulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
down regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
down-regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
downregulation of chromatin organisation
down regulation of chromatin organisation
down-regulation of chromatin organisation
downregulation of chromatin organization
down regulation of chromatin organization
down-regulation of chromatin organization
downregulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
down regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
down-regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
inhibition of chromatin assembly or disassembly
inhibition of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
negative regulation of chromatin assembly/disassembly
negative regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
negative regulation of chromatin modification
negative regulation of chromatin organisation
negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pristanate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + pristanoyl-CoA.
regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism.
regulation of H+-transporting ATP synthase activity
regulation of hydrogen ion translocating F-type ATPase activity
regulation of hydrogen ion transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
regulation of hydrogen ion transporting two-sector ATPase activity
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a mating projection, the projection formed by unicellular fungi in response to mating pheromone.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Meynert cell.
The regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of blasticidin S.
The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of all or part of the cell body.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving blasticidin S.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.
endonucleolytic cleavage involved in tRNA processing
Any endonucleolytic RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis that is involved in tRNA processing.
RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, endonucleolytic involved in tRNA maturation
The regulated release of mucus by the mucosa. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes. The mucosa, or mucous membrane, is the membrane covered with epithelium that lines the tubular organs of the body. Mucins are carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins that have a lubricating and protective function.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of blasticidin S.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.
regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.
positive regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.
activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress
activation of nitrosative stress-induced apoptosis
activation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress
positive regulation of nitrosative stress-induced apoptosis
upregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress
up regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress
up-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress
upregulation of nitrosative stress-induced apoptosis
up regulation of nitrosative stress-induced apoptosis
up-regulation of nitrosative stress-induced apoptosis
upregulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
up regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
up-regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between a DNA topoisomerase and DNA.
positive regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination.
activation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
upregulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
up regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
up-regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
A membrane structure formed of two closely aligned lipid bilayers that lie beneath the plasma membrane and form part of the pellicle surrounding an apicomplexan parasite cell.
negative regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination.
downregulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
down regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
down-regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
inhibition of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
positive regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding transcription factor activity.
activation of RNA binding transcription factor activity
upregulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity
up regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity
up-regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity
5'-tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 5'-phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between DNA topoisomerase II and DNA.
negative regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding transcription factor activity.
downregulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity
down regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity
down-regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity
inhibition of RNA binding transcription factor activity
The side of the fungal-type cell wall that is opposite to the side that faces the cell and its contents.
negative regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.
downregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress
down regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress
down-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress
downregulation of nitrosative stress-induced apoptosis
down regulation of nitrosative stress-induced apoptosis
down-regulation of nitrosative stress-induced apoptosis
downregulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
down regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
down-regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
inhibition of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress
inhibition of nitrosative stress-induced apoptosis
inhibition of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress
negative regulation of nitrosative stress-induced apoptosis
The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine to form peptidyl-serine.
regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress
regulation of nitrosative stress-induced apoptosis
A type of cell death that is morphologically characterized by an increasingly translucent cytoplasm, swelling of organelles, minor ultrastructural modifications of the nucleus (specifically, dilatation of the nuclear membrane and condensation of chromatin into small, irregular, circumscribed patches) and increased cell volume (oncosis), culminating in the disruption of the plasma membrane and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. Necrotic cells do not fragment into discrete corpses as their apoptotic counterparts do. Moreover, their nuclei remain intact and can aggregate and accumulate in necrotic tissues.
obsolete negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
OBSOLETE. Any negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway that is involved in heart process.
A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIE contains a specific subset of ribosomal proteins.
obsolete regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
OBSOLETE. Any regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway that is involved in heart process.
A cellular process that results in swelling of the cell body, and that is morphologically characteristic of necrotic cell death.
regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding transcription factor activity.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
activation of necroptosis by extracellular signals
activation of necroptosis in response to extracellular signals
activation of necroptosis of activated-T cells
establishment of necroptosis of activated-T cells
extracellular signal-induced necroptosis
induction of necroptosis by extracellular signals
induction of necroptosis of activated-T cells
obsolete positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
OBSOLETE. Any positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway that is involved in heart process.
A caspase-1-dependent cell death subroutine that is associated with the generation of pyrogenic mediators such as IL-1beta and IL-18.
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of memory.
A type of programmed cell death that occurs in the epidermis, morphologically and biochemically distinct from apoptosis. It leads to the formation of corneocytes, i.e. dead keratinocytes containing an amalgam of specific proteins (e.g., keratin, loricrin, SPR and involucrin) and lipids (e.g., fatty acids and ceramides), which are necessary for the function of the cornified skin layer (mechanical resistance, elasticity, water repellence and structural stability).
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of memory.
OBSOLETE. A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a protein complex. Includes the synthesis of non-protein components, and those protein modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the complex.
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
Any epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway that is involved in heart process.
EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
EGFR signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
EGFR signaling pathway involved in heart process
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
OBSOLETE. A type of programmed cell death that occurs during or shortly after a dysregulated or failed mitosis and can be accompanied by morphological alterations including micronucleation and multinucleation.
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory.
phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate binding
Binding to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' position.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cohesin loading.
positive regulation of cohesin association with chromatin
positive regulation of cohesin localization to chromatin
obsolete proton-transporting ATP synthase complex biogenesis
OBSOLETE. The biogenesis of a proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as F-type ATPase), a two-sector ATPase found in the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and in bacterial plasma membranes. Includes the synthesis of constituent proteins and their aggregation, arrangement and bonding together.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a miconazole stimulus.
aerobic ammonia oxidation to nitrite via pyruvic oxime
The metabolic process in which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2) in the presence of oxygen. Hydroxylamine is produced enzymatically, and, in the presence of pyruvate, forms pyruvic oxime in a spontaneous, non-enzymatic reaction; pyruvic oxime is then converted to nitrite.
negative regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
downregulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
down regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
down-regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
inhibition of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
A protein complex that is required for efficient splicing, and prevents leakage of unspliced pre-mRNAs from the nucleus (named for pre-mRNA REtention and Splicing). In Saccharomyces, the complex consists of Ist3p, Bud13p, and Pml1p.
regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which iodide is converted to diiodine, with the concomitant loss of electrons.
negative regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly.
downregulation of cardiac myofibril assembly
down regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly
down-regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly
downregulation of cardiac myofibril development
down regulation of cardiac myofibril development
down-regulation of cardiac myofibril development
downregulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis
down regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis
down-regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis
downregulation of heart myofibril assembly
down regulation of heart myofibril assembly
down-regulation of heart myofibril assembly
inhibition of cardiac myofibril assembly
inhibition of cardiac myofibril development
inhibition of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis
negative regulation of cardiac myofibril development
negative regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis
negative regulation of heart myofibril assembly
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any halogen, elements of Group VII; includes metabolism of halogen-containing compounds.
regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly.
regulation of cardiac myofibril development
regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis
Binding to a vitamin B6 compound: pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxine, or the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a miconazole stimulus.
extracellular matrix constituent secretion
The controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell.
positive regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly.
activation of cardiac myofibril assembly
activation of cardiac myofibril development
activation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis
positive regulation of cardiac myofibril development
positive regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis
positive regulation of heart myofibril assembly
upregulation of cardiac myofibril assembly
up regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly
up-regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly
upregulation of cardiac myofibril development
up regulation of cardiac myofibril development
up-regulation of cardiac myofibril development
upregulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis
up regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis
up-regulation of cardiac myofibril morphogenesis
upregulation of heart myofibril assembly
up regulation of heart myofibril assembly
up-regulation of heart myofibril assembly
Binding to pyridoxamine, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, a form of vitamin B6.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macropinocytosis.
regulation of clathrin-independent pinocytosis
Binding to pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde, a form of vitamin B6.
positive regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development.
activation of intestinal epithelial cell development
upregulation of intestinal epithelial cell development
up regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development
up-regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macropinocytosis.
Binding to pyridoxine, 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, a form of vitamin B6.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macropinocytosis.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pigment cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a pigment cell fate.
positive regulation of neural crest cell fate specification
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.
activation of neural crest cell fate specification
upregulation of neural crest cell fate specification
up regulation of neural crest cell fate specification
up-regulation of neural crest cell fate specification
4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide + S-adenosylmethionine = 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate + 5'deoxyadenosine.
negative regulation of neural crest cell fate specification
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.
downregulation of neural crest cell fate specification
down regulation of neural crest cell fate specification
down-regulation of neural crest cell fate specification
inhibition of neural crest cell fate specification
Combining with ferritin, and delivering ferritin into the cell via endocytosis.
negative regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development.
downregulation of intestinal epithelial cell development
down regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development
down-regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development
inhibition of intestinal epithelial cell development
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein complex, a dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella, in which the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion.
regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development.
A ferritin complex located in the extracellular region. Extracellular ferritin complexes contain L (light) chains but few or no H (heavy) chains.
negative regulation of neural crest cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation.
downregulation of neural crest cell differentiation
down regulation of neural crest cell differentiation
down-regulation of neural crest cell differentiation
inhibition of neural crest cell differentiation
A protein complex that binds iron and acts as a major iron storage system. Intracellular and extracellular ferritin complexes have different ratios of two types of ferritin monomer, the L (light) chain and H (heavy) chain.
regulation of neural crest cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylethanolamines. An N-acylethanolamine is an ethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.
regulation of neural crest cell fate specification
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.
N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D activity
Catalysis of the release of N-acylethanolamine from N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) to generate N-acylethanolamine (NAE).
N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D activity
positive regulation of neural crest cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation.
activation of neural crest cell differentiation
upregulation of neural crest cell differentiation
up regulation of neural crest cell differentiation
up-regulation of neural crest cell differentiation
A renal system process in which water, ions, glucose and proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).
regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.
regulation of stress-activated AMP-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines. An N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine is a phosphatidylethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.
N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine metabolism
vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
Any apoptotic process in a vascular associated smooth muscle cell.
vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis
vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
A renal system process in which water is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
positive regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.
activation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade
activation of stress-activated AMP-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
positive regulation of stress-activated AMP-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
upregulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade
up regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade
up-regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade
upregulation of stress-activated AMP-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
up regulation of stress-activated AMP-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
up-regulation of stress-activated AMP-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
A renal system process in which sodium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
negative regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.
downregulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade
down regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade
down-regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade
downregulation of stress-activated AMP-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
down regulation of stress-activated AMP-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
down-regulation of stress-activated AMP-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
inhibition of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade
inhibition of stress-activated AMP-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
negative regulation of stress-activated AMP-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
regulation of histidyl-aspartyl phosphorelay
regulation of two-component signal transduction system
regulation of two-component signal transduction system (phosphorelay)
The developmental process by which a fibrous ring of heart is generated and organized.
sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion transport
The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.
activation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
activation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
activation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
activation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
activation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
activation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in heart process
activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
activation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
activation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
activation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
activation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
positive regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
positive regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
positive regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
positive regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
positive regulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
positive regulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in heart process
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
positive regulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
positive regulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
positive regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
positive regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
upregulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
up regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
up-regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
upregulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
up regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
up-regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
upregulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
up regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
up-regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
upregulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
up regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
up-regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
upregulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
up regulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
up-regulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
upregulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in heart process
up regulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in heart process
up-regulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in heart process
upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
up regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
up regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
up regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
up regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
upregulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
up regulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
up-regulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
upregulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
up regulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
up-regulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
upregulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
up regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
up-regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
upregulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
up regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
up-regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
activation of two-component signal transduction
positive regulation of histidyl-aspartyl phosphorelay
positive regulation of two-component signal transduction system (phosphorelay)
stimulation of two-component signal transduction
upregulation of two-component signal transduction
up regulation of two-component signal transduction
up-regulation of two-component signal transduction
positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation
Any positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle that is involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation.
positive regulation of mitotic entry involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation
negative regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
downregulation of two-component signal transduction
down regulation of two-component signal transduction
down-regulation of two-component signal transduction
inhibition of two-component signal transduction
negative regulation of histidyl-aspartyl phosphorelay
negative regulation of two-component signal transduction system (phosphorelay)
A protein complex which is capable of serine-type peptidase activity.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
positive regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi.
activation of retrograde (endosome to Golgi) transport
activation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi
positive regulation of retrograde (endosome to Golgi) transport
upregulation of retrograde (endosome to Golgi) transport
up regulation of retrograde (endosome to Golgi) transport
up-regulation of retrograde (endosome to Golgi) transport
upregulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi
up regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi
up-regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi
Binding to phosphatidic acid, any of a class of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.
negative regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi.
downregulation of retrograde (endosome to Golgi) transport
down regulation of retrograde (endosome to Golgi) transport
down-regulation of retrograde (endosome to Golgi) transport
downregulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi
down regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi
down-regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi
inhibition of retrograde (endosome to Golgi) transport
inhibition of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi
negative regulation of retrograde (endosome to Golgi) transport
negative regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
downregulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
down regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
down-regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
inhibition of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
negative regulation of SAPK signaling pathway
negative regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
negative regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signalling pathway
negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.
downregulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
down regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
down-regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
downregulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
down regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
down-regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
downregulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
down regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
down-regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
downregulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
down regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
down-regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
downregulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
down regulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
down-regulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
downregulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in heart process
down regulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in heart process
down-regulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in heart process
downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
down regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
down regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
down regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
down regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
downregulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
down regulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
down-regulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
downregulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
down regulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
down-regulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
downregulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
down regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
down-regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
downregulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
down regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
down-regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
inhibition of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
inhibition of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
inhibition of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
inhibition of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
inhibition of EGFR signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
inhibition of EGFR signaling pathway involved in heart process
inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
inhibition of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
inhibition of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
inhibition of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
inhibition of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
negative regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
negative regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
negative regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
negative regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
negative regulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
negative regulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in heart process
negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
negative regulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
negative regulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
negative regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
negative regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via a stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signalling pathway
regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.
regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process
regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
regulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
regulation of EGFR signaling pathway involved in heart process
regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac process
regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process
regulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
regulation of ERBB1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in cardiac process
regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway involved in heart process
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
response to guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate
negative regulation of protein localization to kinetochore
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to kinetochore.
downregulation of condensin localization to kinetochore
down regulation of condensin localization to kinetochore
down-regulation of condensin localization to kinetochore
downregulation of protein localisation to kinetochore
down regulation of protein localisation to kinetochore
down-regulation of protein localisation to kinetochore
downregulation of protein localization to kinetochore
down regulation of protein localization to kinetochore
down-regulation of protein localization to kinetochore
inhibition of condensin localization to kinetochore
inhibition of protein localisation to kinetochore
inhibition of protein localization to kinetochore
negative regulation of condensin localization to kinetochore
negative regulation of protein localisation to kinetochore
positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
activation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
positive regulation of SAPK signaling pathway
positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signalling pathway
stimulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
upregulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
up regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
up-regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
regulation of protein localization to kinetochore
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to kinetochore.
regulation of condensin localization to kinetochore
regulation of protein localisation to kinetochore
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lens fiber cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a lens fiber cell fate. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cohesin unloading.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lens fiber cell, any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in the camera-type eye. The cytoplasm of a lens fiber cell is devoid of most intracellular organelles including the cell nucleus, and contains primarily crystallins, a group of water-soluble proteins expressed in vary large quantities.
positive regulation of protein localization to kinetochore
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to kinetochore.
activation of condensin localization to kinetochore
activation of protein localisation to kinetochore
activation of protein localization to kinetochore
positive regulation of condensin localization to kinetochore
positive regulation of protein localisation to kinetochore
upregulation of condensin localization to kinetochore
up regulation of condensin localization to kinetochore
up-regulation of condensin localization to kinetochore
upregulation of protein localisation to kinetochore
up regulation of protein localisation to kinetochore
up-regulation of protein localisation to kinetochore
upregulation of protein localization to kinetochore
up regulation of protein localization to kinetochore
up-regulation of protein localization to kinetochore
The process in which the structures of a lens fiber cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
lens fiber cell morphogenesis during differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aggrephagy.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aggrephagy.
nucleosomal methylation activator complex
A protein complex that contains eight subunits in common with the SWI/SNF complex, plus the ATPase BRG1 (SMARCA4) and the histone methyltransferase CARM1; the complex is involved in regulating nuclear receptor-dependent transcription.
positive regulation of cohesin unloading
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cohesin unloading.
A protein complex that contains the protein kinase ATR and ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP) and binds single-stranded DNA; ssDNA binding affinity is increased in the presence of replication protein A.
negative regulation of cohesin unloading
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cohesin unloading.
A protein complex formed by the association of RGS6, a negative regulator of heterotrimeric G protein signaling, with the DMAP1-Dnmt1 transcriptional repressor complex; in the complex, RGS6 inhibits the transcriptional repressor activity of DMAP1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastric motility.
A nucleotide-excision repair complex formed by the association of the heterodimeric endonuclease XPF/ERCC4-ERCC1 (Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae) with the RAD52 protein.
positive regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium.
activation of morphogenesis of an epithelium
positive regulation of epithelium morphogenesis
upregulation of epithelium morphogenesis
up regulation of epithelium morphogenesis
up-regulation of epithelium morphogenesis
upregulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium
up regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium
up-regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium
G1 to G0 transition involved in cell differentiation
A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters G0 phase, in the context of cell differentiation.
G1/G0 transition involved in cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aggrephagy.
A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters a specialized resting state known as G0 or quiescence.
negative regulation of G0 to G1 transition
A cell cycle process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
The directed movement of a sphingoid long-chain base, sometimes referred to as long-chain base, or sphingoid base, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sphingoid long-chain bases are long-chain aliphatic amines that are the fundamental building blocks of sphingolipids. The main mammalian sphingoid long-chain bases are dihydrosphingosine and sphingosine, while dihydrosphingosine and phytosphingosine are the main sphingoid long-chain bases in yeast.
A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Golgi to plasma membrane transport vesicle
A transport vesicle that mediates transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.
Golgi to plasma membrane constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle
negative regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium.
downregulation of epithelium morphogenesis
down regulation of epithelium morphogenesis
down-regulation of epithelium morphogenesis
downregulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium
down regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium
down-regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium
inhibition of morphogenesis of an epithelium
negative regulation of epithelium morphogenesis
positive regulation of G0 to G1 transition
A cell cycle process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium.
obsolete regulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
regulation of meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint.
inward rectifier potassium channel inhibitor activity
Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomere-telomerase complex.
obsolete positive regulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
The process that gives rise to the tracheoesophageal septum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
obsolete negative regulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
positive regulation of meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint.
activation of meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint
upregulation of meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint
up regulation of meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint
up-regulation of meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint
Binding to a lipoprotein particle receptor.
negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell migration.
downregulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration
down regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration
down-regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration
inhibition of mesenchymal stem cell migration
Binding to thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland.
regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell migration.
The directed movement of thyroid hormone into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomerase holoenzyme complex.
very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
Binding to a very-low-density lipoprotein receptor.
very-low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell migration.
activation of mesenchymal stem cell migration
upregulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration
up regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration
up-regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration
The substitution of a selenium atom for a sulfur atom in a ribonucleotide in a tRNA molecule.
inferior endocardial cushion morphogenesis
The developmental process by which an inferior endocardial cushion is generated and organized.
ventral endocardial cushion morphogenesis
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of triglyceride within an organism or cell.
superior endocardial cushion morphogenesis
The developmental process by which a superior endocardial cushion is generated and organized.
dorsal endocardial cushion morphogenesis
A protein complex that contains the cell-surface protein CD20 and the Src family tyrosine kinases Lck and Fyn.
The orderly movement of a mesenchymal stem cell from one site to another.
Catalysis of the reduction of an aliphatic ring to yield an aromatic ring.
meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint signaling
Any spindle assembly checkpoint that is involved in meiosis I.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the adaptor proteins Shc and Grb2.
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
Any transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway that is involved in heart development.
TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac development
TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac development
TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway involved in dorsal vessel development
TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway involved in dorsal vessel development
TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development
TGFbeta receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac development
TGF-beta receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac development
TGFbeta receptor signalling pathway involved in dorsal vessel development
TGF-beta receptor signalling pathway involved in dorsal vessel development
TGFbeta receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
TGF-beta receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac development
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in dorsal vessel development
transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway involved in cardiac development
transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway involved in dorsal vessel development
transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development
A protein complex that contains the cell-surface protein CD20 and the Src family tyrosine kinases Lck, Lyn and Fyn.
positive regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
activation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
upregulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
up regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
up-regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
Binding to aspartate, the alpha-amino-acid anion of 2-aminobutanedioic acid that has formula C4H5NO4.
cell proliferation involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis
Any cell proliferation that is involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to laminin 5.
alpha6-beta4 integrin-laminin-332 complex
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a semi-lunar valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Binding to a 3'-flap structure in DNA. A DNA flap structure is one in which a single-stranded 3'-end of DNA or RNA protrudes from a double-stranded DNA molecule.
ceramide phosphoethanolamine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramide phosphoethanolamine.
ceramide phosphoethanolamine biosynthesis
Binding to a flap structure in DNA. A DNA flap structure is one in which a single-stranded length of DNA or RNA protrudes from a double-stranded DNA molecule.
ceramide phosphoethanolamine catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ceramide phosphoethanolamine.
ceramide phosphoethanolamine degradation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a homocysteine stimulus.
cellular response to 2-amino-4-mercaptobutyric acid
cellular response to 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid
Binding to a 5'-flap structure in DNA. A DNA flap structure is one in which a single-stranded 5'-end of DNA or RNA protrudes from a double-stranded DNA molecule. 5'-flap structures can be formed during DNA repair or lagging strand synthesis; in the latter case RNA flaps form from lagging strand RNA primers.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a homocysteine stimulus.
response to 2-amino-4-mercaptobutyric acid
response to 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid
The multiplication or reproduction of fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A fat cell is an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
A protein complex which is capable of endopeptidase activity.
The series of events in which a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
A protein complex which is capable of peptidase activity.
The multiplication or reproduction of white fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population.
ceramide phosphoethanolamine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramide phosphoethanolamine.
The multiplication or reproduction of brown fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A brown fat cell is a fat cell found the thermogenic form of adipose tissue found in newborns of many species.
A protein complex which is capable of serine-type endopeptidase activity.
negative regulation of fat cell proliferation
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
downregulation of fat cell proliferation
down regulation of fat cell proliferation
down-regulation of fat cell proliferation
negative regulation of adipocyte proliferation
negative regulation of adipose cell proliferation
regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intralumenal vesicle formation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
regulation of adipose cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endosomal vesicle fusion.
regulation of brown fat cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
regulation of brown adipocyte proliferation
regulation of brown adipose cell proliferation
positive regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intralumenal vesicle formation.
activation of intralumenal vesicle formation
positive regulation of endosome membrane budding
upregulation of endosome membrane budding
up regulation of endosome membrane budding
up-regulation of endosome membrane budding
upregulation of intralumenal vesicle formation
up regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation
up-regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation
positive regulation of fat cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
positive regulation of adipocyte proliferation
positive regulation of adipose cell proliferation
negative regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intralumenal vesicle formation.
downregulation of endosome membrane budding
down regulation of endosome membrane budding
down-regulation of endosome membrane budding
downregulation of intralumenal vesicle formation
down regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation
down-regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation
inhibition of intralumenal vesicle formation
negative regulation of endosome membrane budding
positive regulation of brown fat cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
activation of brown fat cell proliferation
positive regulation of brown adipocyte proliferation
positive regulation of brown adipose cell proliferation
stimulation of brown fat cell proliferation
upregulation of brown fat cell proliferation
up regulation of brown fat cell proliferation
up-regulation of brown fat cell proliferation
negative regulation of brown fat cell proliferation
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
downregulation of brown fat cell proliferation
down regulation of brown fat cell proliferation
down-regulation of brown fat cell proliferation
inhibition of brown fat cell proliferation
negative regulation of brown adipocyte proliferation
negative regulation of brown adipose cell proliferation
A protein complex which is capable of GTPase activity.
negative regulation of white fat cell proliferation
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
downregulation of white fat cell proliferation
down regulation of white fat cell proliferation
down-regulation of white fat cell proliferation
inhibition of white fat cell proliferation
negative regulation of white adipocyte proliferation
negative regulation of white adipose cell proliferation
positive regulation of endosomal vesicle fusion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endosomal vesicle fusion.
positive regulation of endosome vesicle fusion
upregulation of endosomal vesicle fusion
up regulation of endosomal vesicle fusion
up-regulation of endosomal vesicle fusion
up regulation of endosome vesicle fusion
up-regulation of endosome vesicle fusion
regulation of white fat cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
regulation of white adipocyte proliferation
regulation of white adipose cell proliferation
negative regulation of endosomal vesicle fusion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endosomal vesicle fusion.
downregulation of endosomal vesicle fusion
down regulation of endosomal vesicle fusion
down-regulation of endosomal vesicle fusion
downregulation of endosome vesicle fusion
down regulation of endosome vesicle fusion
down-regulation of endosome vesicle fusion
negative regulation of endosome vesicle fusion
A protein complex that contains the zinc finger transcription factor GATA1, the LIM domain protein Lmo2 (RBTN2), the basic helix-loop-helix protein TAL1 and its binding partner TCF3. The complex is involved transcriptional regulation in hematopoiesis.
negative regulation of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis.
downregulation of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis
down regulation of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis
down-regulation of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis
inhibition of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis
positive regulation of white fat cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
activation of white fat cell proliferation
positive regulation of white adipocyte proliferation
positive regulation of white adipose cell proliferation
stimulation of white fat cell proliferation
upregulation of white fat cell proliferation
up regulation of white fat cell proliferation
up-regulation of white fat cell proliferation
regulation of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis.
synaptotagmin-synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-syntaxin-1b-Rab3a-complexin II complex
A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, Rab3a, and complexin II (or orthologs thereof).
SNARE complex (STX1a, STX1b, SNAP25, RAB3a, SYT1, VAMP2, CPLX2)
STX1a-STX1b-SNAP25-RAB3a-SYT1-VAMP2-CPLX2 complex
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a meiotic spindle.
A protein complex that contains the zinc finger transcription factor GATA2, the LIM domain protein Lmo2 (RBTN2), the basic helix-loop-helix protein TAL1 and its binding partner TCF3. The complex is involved transcriptional regulation in hematopoiesis.
positive regulation of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis.
activation of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis
upregulation of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis
up regulation of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis
up-regulation of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to CD47 (also known as IAP).
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary transition fiber.
distal appendage of basal body formation
distal appendage of mother centriole assembly
distal appendage of mother centriole formation
synaptotagmin-synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-syntaxin-1b-Rab3a complex
A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, and Rab3a (or orthologs thereof).
SNARE complex (STX1a, STX1b, SNAP25, RAB3a, SYT1, VAMP2)
STX1a-STX1b-SNAP25-RAB3a-SYT1-VAMP2 complex
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary necklace.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a spine apparatus.
actin polymerization-dependent cell motility
A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell powered by the continuous polymerization of actin at one pole of the cell.
A protein complex which is capable of exoribonuclease activity.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary transition zone.
actin polymerization-dependent cell migration in host
The directional movement of an organism, usually a bacterial cell, from one place to another within its host organism, by a process involving continuous polymerization of actin at one pole of the symbiont cell. Some bacteria use host actin for migration. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
actin polymerization-dependent cell motility involved in migration of symbiont in host
migration of symbiont within host by polymerization of host actin
A protein complex which is capable of endonuclease activity.
The orderly movement of a pericyte cell from one site to another.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Y-shaped link. Two distinct protein complexes are known to be involved in proper linker assembly: the MKS complex and the NPHP complex. Improper assembly of Y-shaped links may cause malfunctioning of the transition zone as a molecular gate.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cleavage furrow.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prostaglandin.
negative regulation of hepatocyte differentiation
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
downregulation of hepatocyte differentiation
down regulation of hepatocyte differentiation
down-regulation of hepatocyte differentiation
inhibition of hepatocyte differentiation
negative regulation of liver cell differentiation
A protein complex which is capable of endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
regulation of hepatocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
regulation of liver cell differentiation
protein localization to cleavage furrow rim
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cleavage furrow rim.
protein localisation in cleavage furrow rim
protein localisation to cleavage furrow rim
protein localization in cleavage furrow rim
A protein complex that contains beta-catenin and TCF7L2 (TCF4), binds to the TCF DNA motif within a promoter element, and is involved in the regulation of WNT target gene transcription.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin loading.
positive regulation of hepatocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
activation of hepatocyte differentiation
positive regulation of liver cell differentiation
stimulation of hepatocyte differentiation
upregulation of hepatocyte differentiation
up regulation of hepatocyte differentiation
up-regulation of hepatocyte differentiation
positive regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.
activation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
activation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
activation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
activation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
activation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
activation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
activation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
activation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
positive regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
positive regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
positive regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
positive regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
positive regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
positive regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
positive regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
upregulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
upregulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
up regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
up regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
up-regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
up-regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
upregulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
upregulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
up regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
up regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
up-regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
up-regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
upregulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
upregulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
up regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
up regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
up-regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
up-regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
upregulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
upregulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
up regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
up regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
up-regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
up-regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade may involve 4 different kinases, as it can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) cascade
extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 cascade
regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of creatine transmembrane transporter activity.
Any process that increases heat tolerance of a cell in response to high temperatures.
positive regulation of mitotic cohesin loading
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin loading.
negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
down regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
down-regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 signaling pathway
negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 signalling pathway
positive regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.
activation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
activation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
activation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
activation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
activation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
activation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
activation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
activation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
positive regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
positive regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
positive regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
positive regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
positive regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
positive regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
positive regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
upregulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
upregulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
up regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
up regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
up-regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
up-regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
upregulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
upregulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
up regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
up regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
up-regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
up-regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
upregulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
upregulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
up regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
up regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
up-regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
up-regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
upregulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
upregulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
up regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
up regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
up-regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
up-regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 signaling pathway
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 signalling pathway
negative regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.
downregulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
downregulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
down regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
down regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
down-regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
down-regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
downregulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
downregulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
down regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
down regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
down-regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
down-regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
downregulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
downregulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
down regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
down regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
down-regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
down-regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
downregulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
downregulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
down regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
down regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
down-regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
down-regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
inhibition of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
inhibition of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
inhibition of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
inhibition of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
inhibition of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
inhibition of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
inhibition of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
inhibition of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
negative regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
negative regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
negative regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
negative regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
negative regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
negative regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
negative regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK5 (also called BMK1; a MAPK), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 cascade
negative regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.
downregulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
downregulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
down regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
down regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
down-regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
down-regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
downregulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
downregulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
down regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
down regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
down-regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
down-regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
downregulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
downregulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
down regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
down regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
down-regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
down-regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
downregulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
downregulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
down regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
down regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
down-regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
down-regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
inhibition of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
inhibition of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
inhibition of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
inhibition of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
inhibition of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
inhibition of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
inhibition of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
inhibition of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
negative regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
negative regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
negative regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
negative regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
negative regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
negative regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
negative regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 signaling pathway
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 signalling pathway
regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.
regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
negative regulation of BMK signaling pathway
negative regulation of BMK signalling pathway
negative regulation of ERK5 signaling pathway
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
Any apoptotic process in an activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a flavonoid stimulus.
Binding to high mobility group box 1 (HMBGB1).
regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.
regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
positive regulation of BMK signaling pathway
positive regulation of BMK signalling pathway
positive regulation of ERK5 signaling pathway
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process
Any apoptotic process in an activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptosis
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell apoptotic process
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptosis
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptosis
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte apoptotic process
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte apoptotic process
endosome to plasma membrane transport vesicle
A transport vesicle that mediates transport from the endosome to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to deliver lipids and membrane proteins to the plasma membrane and to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.
endosome-plasma membrane transport vesicle
endosome to plasma membrane constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle
The process that gives rise to the plant organ. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
high mobility group box 1 receptor activity
Combining with high mobility group box 1 (HMBGB1) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
The developmental process by which a plant organ is generated and organized.
The removal of an amino group from a cytosine residue in DNA, forming a uracil residue.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a flavonoid stimulus.
A transport vesicle that mediates transport from an intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.
exocytic constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle
A protein complex that contains beta-glucuronidase and the carboxyl esterase egasyn; formation of the complex causes beta-glucuronidase to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukotriene B4 stimulus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Harderian gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Harderian gland is an anterior orbital structure usually associated with the nictitating membrane, and produces and secretes a variety of substances to the eye, depending upon the species.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a beta-carotene stimulus.
procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(II) type
A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type II isoform; its activity is inhibited by poly(L-proline) only at high concentrations.
procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(II) type
prolyl 4-hydroxylase complex (alpha(II)-type)
regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in cell separation after cytokinesis
Any regulation of protein localization to cell division site that is involved in cell separation after cytokinesis.
regulation of protein localisation to cell division site involved in cell separation after cytokinesis
regulation of protein localisation to cell division site involved in cell separation following cytokinesis
regulation of protein localisation to cell division site involved in cytokinetic cell separation
regulation of protein localisation to cell division site involved in mitotic cytokinetic cell separation
procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(I) type
A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type I isoform; its activity is readily inhibited by poly(L-proline).
procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(I) type
prolyl 4-hydroxylase complex (alpha(I)-type)
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukotriene B4 stimulus.
negative regulation of protein localization to presynapse
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to presynapse.
downregulation of protein localisation in presynapse
down regulation of protein localisation in presynapse
down-regulation of protein localisation in presynapse
downregulation of protein localisation to presynapse
down regulation of protein localisation to presynapse
down-regulation of protein localisation to presynapse
downregulation of protein localization in presynapse
down regulation of protein localization in presynapse
down-regulation of protein localization in presynapse
downregulation of protein localization to presynapse
down regulation of protein localization to presynapse
down-regulation of protein localization to presynapse
downregulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins
down regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins
down-regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins
inhibition of protein localisation in presynapse
inhibition of protein localisation to presynapse
inhibition of protein localization in presynapse
inhibition of protein localization to presynapse
inhibition of recruitment of presynaptic proteins
negative regulation of protein localisation in presynapse
negative regulation of protein localisation to presynapse
negative regulation of protein localization in presynapse
negative regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins
procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(III) type
A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type III isoform.
procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(III) type
prolyl 4-hydroxylase complex (alpha(III)-type)
regulation of protein localization to presynapse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to presynapse.
regulation of protein localisation in presynapse
regulation of protein localisation to presynapse
regulation of protein localization in presynapse
regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a beta-carotene stimulus.
A protein complex that couples SAGA-dependent gene expression to mRNA export at the inner side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). The TREX-2 complex is tethered to the inner side of the NPC via the nucleoporins Nup1 and Nup60; in S. cerevisiae it contains Sac3p, Thp1p, Sem1, Sus1p and Cdc31p.
positive regulation of protein localization to presynapse
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to presynapse.
activation of protein localisation in presynapse
activation of protein localisation to presynapse
activation of protein localization in presynapse
activation of protein localization to presynapse
activation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins
positive regulation of protein localisation in presynapse
positive regulation of protein localisation to presynapse
positive regulation of protein localization in presynapse
positive regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins
upregulation of protein localisation in presynapse
up regulation of protein localisation in presynapse
up-regulation of protein localisation in presynapse
upregulation of protein localisation to presynapse
up regulation of protein localisation to presynapse
up-regulation of protein localisation to presynapse
upregulation of protein localization in presynapse
up regulation of protein localization in presynapse
up-regulation of protein localization in presynapse
upregulation of protein localization to presynapse
up regulation of protein localization to presynapse
up-regulation of protein localization to presynapse
upregulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins
up regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins
up-regulation of recruitment of presynaptic proteins
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues.
negative regulation of snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of snRNA transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.
downregulation of snRNA transcription from Pol II promoter
down regulation of snRNA transcription from Pol II promoter
down-regulation of snRNA transcription from Pol II promoter
downregulation of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
down regulation of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
down-regulation of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
inhibition of snRNA transcription from Pol II promoter
inhibition of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of snRNA transcription from Pol II promoter
negative regulation of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
The series of events in which a lipoteichoic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
regulation of snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of snRNA transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.
regulation of snRNA transcription from Pol II promoter
regulation of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a presynapse.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
positive regulation of snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of snRNA transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.
activation of snRNA transcription from Pol II promoter
activation of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of snRNA transcription from Pol II promoter
positive regulation of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
upregulation of snRNA transcription from Pol II promoter
up regulation of snRNA transcription from Pol II promoter
up-regulation of snRNA transcription from Pol II promoter
upregulation of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
up regulation of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
up-regulation of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
The chemical reactions and pathways involving wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a D-galactose stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
negative regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytochrome-c oxidase activity.
downregulation of aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
down regulation of aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
down-regulation of aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
downregulation of ba3-type cytochrome c oxidase
down regulation of ba3-type cytochrome c oxidase
down-regulation of ba3-type cytochrome c oxidase
downregulation of caa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
down regulation of caa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
down-regulation of caa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
downregulation of cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase
down regulation of cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase
down-regulation of cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase
downregulation of complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) activity
down regulation of complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) activity
down-regulation of complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) activity
downregulation of cytochrome a3 activity
down regulation of cytochrome a3 activity
down-regulation of cytochrome a3 activity
downregulation of cytochrome aa3 activity
down regulation of cytochrome aa3 activity
down-regulation of cytochrome aa3 activity
downregulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity
downregulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity
down regulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity
down regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity
down-regulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity
down-regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity
downregulation of cytochrome oxidase activity
down regulation of cytochrome oxidase activity
down-regulation of cytochrome oxidase activity
downregulation of ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase
down regulation of ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase
down-regulation of ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase
downregulation of ferrocytochrome c oxidase
down regulation of ferrocytochrome c oxidase
down-regulation of ferrocytochrome c oxidase
downregulation of NADH cytochrome c oxidase
down regulation of NADH cytochrome c oxidase
down-regulation of NADH cytochrome c oxidase
downregulation of warburg's respiratory enzyme activity
down regulation of warburg's respiratory enzyme activity
down-regulation of warburg's respiratory enzyme activity
inhibition of aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
inhibition of ba3-type cytochrome c oxidase
inhibition of caa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
inhibition of cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase
inhibition of complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) activity
inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase activity
inhibition of cytochrome-c oxidase activity
inhibition of cytochrome oxidase activity
inhibition of ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase
inhibition of warburg's respiratory enzyme activity
negative regulation of aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
negative regulation of ba3-type cytochrome c oxidase
negative regulation of caa3-type cytochrome c oxidase
negative regulation of cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase
negative regulation of complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) activity
negative regulation of cytochrome a3 activity
negative regulation of cytochrome aa3 activity
negative regulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity
negative regulation of cytochrome oxidase activity
negative regulation of ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase
negative regulation of ferrocytochrome c oxidase
negative regulation of indophenol oxidase
negative regulation of NADH cytochrome c oxidase
negative regulation of warburg's respiratory enzyme activity
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
A protein complex which is capable of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a D-galactose stimulus.
Binding to the oxidized form, NADP+, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate binding
obsolete positive regulation of histone H3-K4 trimethylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K4 trimethylation.
The formation of a D-alanyl ester of teichoic acid. Alanylation of teichoic acids modulates the properties of the bacterial cell wall and modulates the inflammatory properties of the teichoic acid.
obsolete negative regulation of histone H3-K4 trimethylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K4 trimethylation.
Binding to the oxidized form, NAD, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide binding
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chondroitin 6'-sulfate stimulus.
Binding to the reduced form, NADPH, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate binding
Any non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
beta-catenin-independent Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
beta-catenin-independent Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
beta-catenin-independent Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
beta-catenin-independent Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
beta-catenin-independent Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
negative regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide.
downregulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide
down regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide
down-regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide
inhibition of neuropeptide-mediated retrograde trans-synaptic signaling
inhibition of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide
negative regulation of neuropeptide-mediated retrograde trans-synaptic signaling
Binding to the reduced form, NADH, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide binding
regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide.
regulation of neuropeptide-mediated retrograde trans-synaptic signaling
oxidation-dependent protein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the oxidation of one or more amino acid residues in the protein.
obsolete regulation of histone H3-K4 trimethylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K4 trimethylation.
Binding to glutamine, 2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid.
positive regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide.
activation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide
positive regulation of neuropeptide-mediated retrograde trans-synaptic signaling
upregulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide
up regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide
up-regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide
carbamoyl phosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycine stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ formation.
Binding to an inhibitory SMAD signaling protein.
The directed movement of a microcystin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Binding to a common mediator SMAD signaling protein.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycine stimulus.
trehalose metabolism in response to stress
The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
trehalose metabolic process involved in response to stress
negative regulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
downregulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down-regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
downregulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down-regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
downregulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down-regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
downregulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down-regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
downregulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down-regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
downregulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down-regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
downregulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down-regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
downregulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down-regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
downregulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down-regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
downregulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down-regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
downregulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down-regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
downregulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down-regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
downregulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down-regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
downregulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down-regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
downregulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down-regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
downregulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down-regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
downregulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down-regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
downregulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down-regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
downregulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down-regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
downregulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down-regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
downregulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down-regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
downregulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down-regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
downregulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down-regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
downregulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down-regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
downregulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down-regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
downregulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain DA neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain DA neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain DA neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down-regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
downregulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down-regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
downregulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down-regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
downregulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down-regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
downregulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down-regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
downregulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down-regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
downregulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
down-regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
downregulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
down-regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
downregulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
down-regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
downregulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
down-regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
inhibition of frizzled signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
inhibition of frizzled signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
inhibition of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
inhibition of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
inhibition of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
inhibition of frizzled signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
inhibition of frizzled signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
inhibition of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
inhibition of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
inhibition of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
inhibition of Wg signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
inhibition of Wg signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
inhibition of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
inhibition of Wg signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
inhibition of Wg signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
inhibition of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
inhibition of Wingless signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
inhibition of Wingless signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
inhibition of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
inhibition of Wingless signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
inhibition of Wingless signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
inhibition of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
inhibition of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
inhibition of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
inhibition of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
inhibition of Wnt-mediated midbrain DA neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
inhibition of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
inhibition of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
inhibition of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
inhibition of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
inhibition of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
inhibition of Wnt signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
inhibition of Wnt signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
inhibition of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
inhibition of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
negative regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
negative regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
negative regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
negative regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
negative regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
negative regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
negative regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
negative regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
negative regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
negative regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
negative regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation by negative regulation of Wnt signaling
negative regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
negative regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
negative regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
negative regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
negative regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
negative regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
negative regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
negative regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
negative regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
negative regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
negative regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
negative regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
negative regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
negative regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
negative regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
negative regulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain DA neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Binding to a receptor-regulated SMAD signaling protein.
regulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation by regulation of Wnt signaling
regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
regulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain DA neuron differentiation
regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
trehalose metabolism in response to cold stress
The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
trehalose metabolic process involved in response to cold stress
intracellular signal transduction involved in positive regulation of cell growth
Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in positive regulation of cell growth.
intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in activation of cell growth
intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth
intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth
intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth
intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth
intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth
intracellular signaling cascade involved in activation of cell growth
intracellular signaling cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth
intracellular signaling cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth
intracellular signaling cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth
intracellular signaling cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth
intracellular signaling cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth
intracellular signaling chain involved in activation of cell growth
intracellular signaling chain involved in positive regulation of cell growth
intracellular signaling chain involved in stimulation of cell growth
intracellular signaling chain involved in upregulation of cell growth
intracellular signaling chain involved in up regulation of cell growth
intracellular signaling chain involved in up-regulation of cell growth
intracellular signaling pathway involved in activation of cell growth
intracellular signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell growth
intracellular signaling pathway involved in stimulation of cell growth
intracellular signaling pathway involved in upregulation of cell growth
intracellular signaling pathway involved in up regulation of cell growth
intracellular signaling pathway involved in up-regulation of cell growth
intracellular signal transduction involved in activation of cell growth
intracellular signal transduction involved in stimulation of cell growth
intracellular signal transduction involved in upregulation of cell growth
intracellular signal transduction involved in up regulation of cell growth
intracellular signal transduction involved in up-regulation of cell growth
intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in activation of cell growth
intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in positive regulation of cell growth
intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in stimulation of cell growth
intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in upregulation of cell growth
intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in up regulation of cell growth
intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in up-regulation of cell growth
protein kinase cascade involved in activation of cell growth
protein kinase cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth
protein kinase cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth
protein kinase cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth
protein kinase cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth
protein kinase cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth
signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in activation of cell growth
signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth
signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth
signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth
signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth
signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth
signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in activation of cell growth
signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth
signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth
signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth
signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth
signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth
trehalose metabolism in response to heat stress
The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
trehalose metabolic process involved in response to heat stress
positive regulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
activation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
activation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
activation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
activation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
activation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
activation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
activation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
activation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
activation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
activation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
activation of Wg signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
activation of Wg signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
activation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
activation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
activation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
activation of Wg signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
activation of Wg signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
activation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
activation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
activation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
activation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
activation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
activation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
activation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
activation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
activation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
activation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
activation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
activation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
activation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
activation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
activation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
activation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
activation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
activation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
activation of Wnt-mediated midbrain DA neuron differentiation
activation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
activation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
activation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
activation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
activation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
activation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
activation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
activation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
activation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
activation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
activation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
activation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
activation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
activation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
activation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
positive regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
positive regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
positive regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
positive regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
positive regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
positive regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
positive regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
positive regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
positive regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
positive regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
positive regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation by positive regulation of Wnt signaling
positive regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
positive regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
positive regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
positive regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
positive regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
positive regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
positive regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
positive regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
positive regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
positive regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
positive regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
positive regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
positive regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
positive regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
positive regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
positive regulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain DA neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
upregulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up-regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
upregulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up-regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
upregulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up-regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
upregulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up-regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
upregulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up-regulation of frizzled signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
upregulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up-regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
upregulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up-regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
upregulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up-regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
upregulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up-regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
upregulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up-regulation of frizzled signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
upregulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up-regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
upregulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up-regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
upregulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up-regulation of Wg signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
upregulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up-regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
upregulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up-regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
upregulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up-regulation of Wg signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
upregulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up-regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
upregulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up-regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
upregulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up-regulation of Wingless signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
upregulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up-regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
upregulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up-regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
upregulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up-regulation of Wingless signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
upregulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up-regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
upregulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up-regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
upregulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up-regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
upregulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain DA neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain DA neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain DA neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up-regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
upregulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up-regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
upregulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up-regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
upregulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up-regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
upregulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up-regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
upregulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up-regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
upregulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
up-regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in DA neurogenesis from midbrain floor plate
upregulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in mDA neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
up-regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain DA neurogenesis
upregulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
up-regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
upregulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
up-regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron production
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ morphogenesis.
trehalose metabolism in response to water deprivation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of deprivation of water.
trehalose metabolic process involved in response to water deprivation
vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
Any vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation that is involved in phenotypic switching.
vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
A protein complex that plays a role in DNA double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining. Such complexes typically contain a specialized DNA ligase (e.g. Lig4 in eukaryotes) and one or more proteins that bind to DNA ends.
positive regulation of plant organ morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ morphogenesis.
upregulation of plant organ morphogenesis
up regulation of plant organ morphogenesis
up-regulation of plant organ morphogenesis
A protein complex that is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku.
DNA-dependent protein kinase, DNA-end-binding complex
negative regulation of plant organ morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ morphogenesis.
downregulation of plant organ morphogenesis
down regulation of plant organ morphogenesis
down-regulation of plant organ morphogenesis
A protein complex that contains DNA ligase III and XRCC1, and is involved in base excision repair.
negative regulation of amoeboid sperm motility
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amoeboid sperm motility.
downregulation of ameboid sperm motility
down regulation of ameboid sperm motility
down-regulation of ameboid sperm motility
downregulation of ameboid sperm movement
down regulation of ameboid sperm movement
down-regulation of ameboid sperm movement
downregulation of amoeboid sperm motility
down regulation of amoeboid sperm motility
down-regulation of amoeboid sperm motility
downregulation of amoeboid sperm movement
down regulation of amoeboid sperm movement
down-regulation of amoeboid sperm movement
negative regulation of ameboid sperm motility
negative regulation of ameboid sperm movement
negative regulation of amoeboid sperm movement
A nonhomologous end joining complex that contains one or more Ku monomers and one or more DNA ligase molecules from the LigC or LigD family, and mediates nonhomologous end joining in bacteria.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amoeboid sperm motility.
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand (such as a bacterial peptidoglycan) to a cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) protein receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process.
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signalling pathway
A protein complex formed by the association of the serine-threonine protein kinase Raf-1 with the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein.
positive regulation of amoeboid sperm motility
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amoeboid sperm motility.
positive regulation of ameboid sperm motility
positive regulation of ameboid sperm movement
positive regulation of amoeboid sperm movement
up regulation of amoeboid sperm motility
up-regulation of amoeboid sperm motility
up regulation of amoeboid sperm movement
up-regulation of amoeboid sperm movement
negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.
negative regulation of NOD signaling pathway
negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signalling pathway
regulation of dense core granule exocytosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule exocytosis.
regulation of dense core vesicle exocytosis
regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.
regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signalling pathway
negative regulation of mitotic cohesin loading
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin loading.
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand (such as a bacterial peptidoglycan) to a cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) protein receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process.
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signalling pathway
positive regulation of dense core granule exocytosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule exocytosis.
activation of dense core granule exocytosis
activation of dense core vesicle exocytosis
positive regulation of dense core vesicle exocytosis
upregulation of dense core granule exocytosis
up regulation of dense core granule exocytosis
up-regulation of dense core granule exocytosis
upregulation of dense core vesicle exocytosis
up regulation of dense core vesicle exocytosis
up-regulation of dense core vesicle exocytosis
positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.
positive regulation of NOD signaling pathway
positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signalling pathway
negative regulation of dense core granule exocytosis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule exocytosis.
downregulation of dense core granule exocytosis
down regulation of dense core granule exocytosis
down-regulation of dense core granule exocytosis
downregulation of dense core vesicle exocytosis
down regulation of dense core vesicle exocytosis
down-regulation of dense core vesicle exocytosis
inhibition of dense core granule exocytosis
inhibition of dense core vesicle exocytosis
negative regulation of dense core vesicle exocytosis
negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.
negative regulation of NOD1 signaling pathway
negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signalling pathway
positive regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of creatine transmembrane transporter activity.
activation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity
upregulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity
up regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity
up-regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity
regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.
regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signalling pathway
negative regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of creatine transmembrane transporter activity.
downregulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity
down regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity
down-regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity
inhibition of creatine transmembrane transporter activity
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand (such as a bacterial peptidoglycan) to a cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) protein receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process.
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signalling pathway
positive regulation of mitotic cohesin unloading
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin unloading.
positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.
positive regulation of NOD1 signaling pathway
positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signalling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin unloading.
negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.
negative regulation of NOD2 signaling pathway
negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signalling pathway
obsolete negative regulation of clathrin-coated pit assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-coated pit assembly.
regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.
regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signalling pathway
obsolete regulation of clathrin-coated pit assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-coated pit assembly.
A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the adaptor protein Shc, and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
obsolete regulation of histone H3-K79 dimethylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K79 dimethylation.
positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.
positive regulation of NOD2 signaling pathway
positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signalling pathway
obsolete positive regulation of clathrin-coated pit assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-coated pit assembly.
A protein complex that contains Grb2 and the adaptor protein Shc, and is involved in linking epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
regulation of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding.
A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Grb2, and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
positive regulation of DNA duplex unwinding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA duplex unwinding.
positive regulation of duplex DNA melting
A transcriptional repressor complex that contains a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max, plus mSin3A, a homolog of the yeast Sin3p.
positive regulation of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding.
activation of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding
upregulation of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding
up regulation of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding
up-regulation of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding
OBSOLETE. A protein complex that contains the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) serine/threonine kinase, the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP12 (FKBP1A) and rapamycin (sirolimus).
negative regulation of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding.
downregulation of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding
down regulation of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding
down-regulation of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding
inhibition of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding
A protein complex formed by the association of the Bruton tyrosine protein kinase Btk, which is implicated in mammalian X-linked immunodeficiencies, with the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein.
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.
activation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis
activation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
activation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis
activation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis
positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis
positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
positive regulation of VSMC apoptotic process
upregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis
up regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis
up-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis
upregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
up regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
up-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis
up regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis
up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis
upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
up regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
A transcriptional repressor complex that contains a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max, plus mSin3B, a homolog of the yeast Sin3p.
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.
downregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis
down regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis
down-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis
downregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
down regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
down-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
downregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis
down regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis
down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis
downregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
down regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
downregulation of VSMC apoptotic process
down regulation of VSMC apoptotic process
down-regulation of VSMC apoptotic process
inhibition of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis
inhibition of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis
inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis
negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis
negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
negative regulation of VSMC apoptotic process
A transcriptional repressor complex that consists of a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max.
negative regulation of DNA duplex unwinding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA duplex unwinding.
negative regulation of duplex DNA melting
An integrin complex that comprises one alphaIIb subunit and one beta3 subunit.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA duplex unwinding.
regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.
regulation of oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation
negative regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.
downregulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation
down regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation
down-regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation
inhibition of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation
oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Oligodendrocyte progenitors give rise to oligodendrocytes, which form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system.
regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.
positive regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.
positive regulation of oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation
regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.
regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptosis
regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis
regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
negative regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.
negative regulation of oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation
positive regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.
activation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation
upregulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation
up regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation
up-regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation
A transcription elongation factor complex that suppresses RNA polymerase II pausing, and may act by promoting proper alignment of the 3'-end of nascent transcripts with the polymerase catalytic site. Consists of a transcriptionally active Elongin A subunit (about 100 kDa) and two smaller Elongin B (about 18 kDa) and Elongin C (about 15 kDa) subunits.
transcription elongation factor SIII complex
regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation.
laricitrin 5'-O-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + laricitrin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + syringetin.
obsolete canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of stem cell proliferation
OBSOLETE. Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in regulation of stem cell proliferation.
A long, thin cell projection that contains F-actin and tubulin, with microtubules centrally located and F-actin peripherally located.
positive regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation.
activation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation
upregulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation
up regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation
up-regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation
interleukin4-interleukin-4 receptor complex
A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-4 receptor complex with an interleukin-4 molecule.
negative regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation.
downregulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation
down regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation
down-regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation
inhibition of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis.
regulation of Fc gamma receptor-dependent phagocytosis
regulation of Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis
regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signalling pathway involved in phagocytosis
positive regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
activation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of ergosterol anabolism
positive regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis
positive regulation of ergosterol formation
positive regulation of ergosterol synthesis
stimulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
upregulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
up regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
up-regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
positive regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport.
activation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
upregulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
up regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
up-regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
positive regulation of heme biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
positive regulation of haem biosynthetic process
positive regulation of heme biosynthesis
stimulation of heme biosynthetic process
upregulation of heme biosynthetic process
up regulation of heme biosynthetic process
up-regulation of heme biosynthetic process
positive regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis.
activation of Fc gamma receptor-dependent phagocytosis
activation of Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis
activation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
activation of Fc-gamma receptor signalling pathway involved in phagocytosis
positive regulation of Fc gamma receptor-dependent phagocytosis
positive regulation of Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis
positive regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signalling pathway involved in phagocytosis
positive regulation of IgG-mediated phagocytosis
upregulation of Fc gamma receptor-dependent phagocytosis
up regulation of Fc gamma receptor-dependent phagocytosis
up-regulation of Fc gamma receptor-dependent phagocytosis
upregulation of Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis
up regulation of Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis
up-regulation of Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis
upregulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
up regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
up-regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
upregulation of Fc-gamma receptor signalling pathway involved in phagocytosis
up regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signalling pathway involved in phagocytosis
up-regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signalling pathway involved in phagocytosis
upregulation of IgG-mediated phagocytosis
up regulation of IgG-mediated phagocytosis
up-regulation of IgG-mediated phagocytosis
negative regulation of heme biosynthetic process
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
downregulation of heme biosynthetic process
down regulation of heme biosynthetic process
down-regulation of heme biosynthetic process
negative regulation of haem biosynthetic process
negative regulation of heme biosynthesis
negative regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis.
downregulation of Fc gamma receptor-dependent phagocytosis
down regulation of Fc gamma receptor-dependent phagocytosis
down-regulation of Fc gamma receptor-dependent phagocytosis
downregulation of Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis
down regulation of Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis
down-regulation of Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis
downregulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
down regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
down-regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
downregulation of Fc-gamma receptor signalling pathway involved in phagocytosis
down regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signalling pathway involved in phagocytosis
down-regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signalling pathway involved in phagocytosis
downregulation of IgG-mediated phagocytosis
down regulation of IgG-mediated phagocytosis
down-regulation of IgG-mediated phagocytosis
inhibition of Fc gamma receptor-dependent phagocytosis
inhibition of Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis
inhibition of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
inhibition of Fc-gamma receptor signalling pathway involved in phagocytosis
negative regulation of Fc gamma receptor-dependent phagocytosis
negative regulation of Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis
negative regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signalling pathway involved in phagocytosis
negative regulation of IgG-mediated phagocytosis
D-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate.
positive regulation of clathrin coat assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin coat assembly.
positive regulation of clathrin cage assembly
galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = galactose + phosphate.
negative regulation of clathrin coat assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin coat assembly.
downregulation of clathrin cage assembly
down regulation of clathrin cage assembly
down-regulation of clathrin cage assembly
downregulation of clathrin coat assembly
down regulation of clathrin coat assembly
down-regulation of clathrin coat assembly
negative regulation of clathrin cage assembly
The regulated release of prolactin, a peptide hormone that stimulates lactation, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.
negative regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport.
downregulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
down regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
down-regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
cellular detoxification of nitrogen compound
Any cellular process that reduces or removes the toxicity of nitrogenous compounds which are dangerous or toxic. This includes the aerobic conversion of toxic compounds to harmless substances.
cellular detoxification of nitrogenous compound
regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport.
regulation of mitochondrial electron transport
regulation of organelle ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
A histone acetyltransferase complex that acetylates nucleosomal histones H2B, H3, or H4 and is required for the expression of a subset of Pol II-transcribed genes. This complex includes the acetyltransferases GCN5/KAT2A or PCAF/KAT2B, several proteins of the ADA, SGF and SPT families, and several TBP-associate proteins (TAFs).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chondroitin 4'-sulfate stimulus.
The regulated release of thyroid-stimulating hormone, a peptide hormone that stimulates the activity of the thyroid gland, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.
cellular response to chondroitin 6'-sulfate
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chondroitin 6'-sulfate stimulus.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of a tubulin dimer to accelerate release of ADP and phosphate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin coat assembly.
plus-end specific microtubule depolymerization
The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the plus end of a microtubule.
cellular response to chondroitin 4'-sulfate
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chondroitin 4'-sulfate stimulus.
alpha1-beta1 integrin-alpha3(VI) complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha1-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type VI collagen triple helix containing an alpha3(VI) chain.
obsolete heteroreceptor complex disassembly
OBSOLETE. The disaggregation of a heteroreceptor complex into its constituent components.
alphav-beta3 integrin-collagen alpha3(VI) complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the alpha3 chain of type VI collagen; the integrin binds most strongly to unfolded collagen.
obsolete heteroreceptor complex assembly
OBSOLETE. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a heteroreceptor complex.
A protein complex that contains DNA ligase III, DNA polymerase epsilon, a 5'-3' exonuclease, and the SMC1 and SMC2 proteins, and is involved in recombinational repair of deletions and gaps in DNA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly.
regulation of motile primary cilia assembly
regulation of motile primary cilia formation
regulation of motile primary cilium assembly
regulation of motile primary cilium formation
alpha2-beta1 integrin-alpha3(VI) complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type VI collagen triple helix containing an alpha3(VI) chain.
Binding to acetyl-CoA, an acyl-CoA having acetyl as its S-acetyl component.
The protein complexes that form the electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with a cell membrane, usually the plasma membrane (in prokaryotes) or the inner mitochondrial membrane (on eukaryotes). The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
negative regulation of triplex DNA binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of triplex DNA binding.
The regulated release by odontoblasts of the extracellular matrix constituents, including collagen, that form the basis of dentin.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of triplex DNA binding.
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the uterus. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The uterus is a muscular organ of the female mammal for containing and usually for nourishing the young during development prior to birth.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a trichome papilla.
A respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane of a cell; made up of the protein complexes that form the electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the plasma membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
plasma membrane electron transport chain
positive regulation of triplex DNA binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of triplex DNA binding.
negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
downregulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
down regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
down-regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
inhibition of uterine smooth muscle contraction
negative regulation of myometrial contraction
negative regulation of myometrial smooth muscle contraction
negative regulation of myometrium contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.
regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
regulation of myometrial smooth muscle contraction
positive regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve.
activation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve
upregulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve
up regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve
up-regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve
The addition of a methyl group to an atom in the nucleoside base portion of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule.
positive regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.
positive regulation of G quadruplex DNA binding
positive regulation of G quartet DNA binding
positive regulation of G-quartet DNA binding
positive regulation of quadruplex DNA binding
positive regulation of tetraplex DNA binding
upregulation of G quadruplex DNA binding
upregulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding
up regulation of G quadruplex DNA binding
up regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding
up-regulation of G quadruplex DNA binding
up-regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding
positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
activation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
positive regulation of myometrial contraction
positive regulation of myometrial smooth muscle contraction
positive regulation of myometrium contraction
stimulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
upregulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
up regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
up-regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
negative regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.
downregulation of G quadruplex DNA binding
downregulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding
down regulation of G quadruplex DNA binding
down regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding
down-regulation of G quadruplex DNA binding
down-regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding
down regulation of G quartet DNA binding
down regulation of G-quartet DNA binding
down-regulation of G quartet DNA binding
down-regulation of G-quartet DNA binding
downregulation of quadruplex DNA binding
down regulation of quadruplex DNA binding
down-regulation of quadruplex DNA binding
down regulation of tetraplex DNA binding
down-regulation of tetraplex DNA binding
negative regulation of G quadruplex DNA binding
negative regulation of G quartet DNA binding
negative regulation of G-quartet DNA binding
negative regulation of quadruplex DNA binding
negative regulation of tetraplex DNA binding
An intracellular part that represents the innermost portion of an endospore; the endospore core is dehydrated, enriched in dipicolinic acid and divalent cations, and metabolically inactive.
regulation of sensory neuron axon guidance
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory neuron axon guidance.
The addition of a methyl group to the N7 atom in the base portion of a guanine nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule.
positive regulation of anterior/posterior axon guidance
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterior/posterior axon guidance.
activation of anterior/posterior axon guidance
activation of anterior/posterior axon pathfinding
activation of anterior-posterior axon guidance
positive regulation of anterior/posterior axon pathfinding
positive regulation of anterior-posterior axon guidance
upregulation of anterior/posterior axon guidance
up regulation of anterior/posterior axon guidance
up-regulation of anterior/posterior axon guidance
upregulation of anterior/posterior axon pathfinding
up regulation of anterior/posterior axon pathfinding
up-regulation of anterior/posterior axon pathfinding
upregulation of anterior-posterior axon guidance
up regulation of anterior-posterior axon guidance
up-regulation of anterior-posterior axon guidance
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, 5'-3' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.
nuclear-transcribed mRNA breakdown, 5'-3' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolism, 5'-3' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay
nuclear-transcribed mRNA degradation, 5'-3' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay
positive regulation of sensory neuron axon guidance
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory neuron axon guidance.
activation of sensory neuron axon guidance
upregulation of sensory neuron axon guidance
up regulation of sensory neuron axon guidance
up-regulation of sensory neuron axon guidance
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, 3'-5' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.
nuclear-transcribed mRNA breakdown, 3'-5' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolism, 3'-5' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay
nuclear-transcribed mRNA degradation, 3'-5' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay
negative regulation of sensory neuron axon guidance
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory neuron axon guidance.
downregulation of sensory neuron axon guidance
down regulation of sensory neuron axon guidance
down-regulation of sensory neuron axon guidance
inhibition of sensory neuron axon guidance
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, non-stop decay
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is lacking a stop codon.
nuclear-transcribed mRNA breakdown, non-stop decay
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolism, non-stop decay
nuclear-transcribed mRNA degradation, non-stop decay
positive regulation of motor neuron migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.
exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in deadenylation-independent decay
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs independent of deadenylation, but requires decapping followed by transcript decay.
exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA breakdown involved in deadenylation-independent decay
exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolism involved in deadenylation-independent decay
exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA degradation involved in deadenylation-independent decay
negative regulation of motor neuron migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.
downregulation of motor neuron migration
down regulation of motor neuron migration
down-regulation of motor neuron migration
The series of events in which a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
negative regulation of anterior/posterior axon guidance
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterior/posterior axon guidance.
downregulation of anterior/posterior axon guidance
down regulation of anterior/posterior axon guidance
down-regulation of anterior/posterior axon guidance
downregulation of anterior/posterior axon pathfinding
down regulation of anterior/posterior axon pathfinding
down-regulation of anterior/posterior axon pathfinding
downregulation of anterior-posterior axon guidance
down regulation of anterior-posterior axon guidance
down-regulation of anterior-posterior axon guidance
inhibition of anterior/posterior axon guidance
inhibition of anterior/posterior axon pathfinding
inhibition of anterior-posterior axon guidance
negative regulation of anterior/posterior axon pathfinding
negative regulation of anterior-posterior axon guidance
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen.
regulation of anterior/posterior axon guidance
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterior/posterior axon guidance.
regulation of anterior/posterior axon pathfinding
regulation of anterior-posterior axon guidance
dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.
dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone anabolism
dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone biosynthesis
dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone formation
dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone synthesis
obsolete cytoplasmic sequestering of protein involved in mitotic DNA replication checkpoint
OBSOLETE. Any cytoplasmic sequestering of protein that is involved in mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.
dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone metabolism
positive regulation of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity.
activation of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity
activation of glutamine synthetase activity
activation of glutamylhydroxamic synthetase activity
activation of L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)
activation of L-glutamine synthetase activity
positive regulation of glutamine synthetase activity
positive regulation of glutamylhydroxamic synthetase activity
positive regulation of L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)
positive regulation of L-glutamine synthetase activity
upregulation of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity
up regulation of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity
up-regulation of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity
upregulation of glutamine synthetase activity
up regulation of glutamine synthetase activity
up-regulation of glutamine synthetase activity
upregulation of glutamylhydroxamic synthetase activity
up regulation of glutamylhydroxamic synthetase activity
up-regulation of glutamylhydroxamic synthetase activity
upregulation of L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)
up regulation of L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)
up-regulation of L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)
upregulation of L-glutamine synthetase activity
up regulation of L-glutamine synthetase activity
up-regulation of L-glutamine synthetase activity
The adhesion of one monocyte to one or more other monocytes via adhesion molecules.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.
The adhesion of one leukocyte to one or more other leukocytes via adhesion molecules.
obsolete cytoplasmic sequestering of protein involved in G2 DNA damage checkpoint
OBSOLETE. Any cytoplasmic sequestering of protein that is involved in G2 DNA damage checkpoint.
The adhesion of one T cell to one or more other T cells via adhesion molecules.
positive regulation of protein localization to membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to membrane.
activation of protein localisation in membrane
activation of protein localization in membrane
activation of protein localization to membrane
positive regulation of protein localisation in membrane
positive regulation of protein localization in membrane
upregulation of protein localisation in membrane
up regulation of protein localisation in membrane
up-regulation of protein localisation in membrane
upregulation of protein localization in membrane
up regulation of protein localization in membrane
up-regulation of protein localization in membrane
upregulation of protein localization to membrane
up regulation of protein localization to membrane
up-regulation of protein localization to membrane
The adhesion of one neutrophil to one or more other neutrophils via adhesion molecules.
negative regulation of protein localization to membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to membrane.
downregulation of protein localisation in membrane
down regulation of protein localisation in membrane
down-regulation of protein localisation in membrane
downregulation of protein localization in membrane
down regulation of protein localization in membrane
down-regulation of protein localization in membrane
downregulation of protein localization to membrane
down regulation of protein localization to membrane
down-regulation of protein localization to membrane
inhibition of protein localisation in membrane
inhibition of protein localization in membrane
inhibition of protein localization to membrane
negative regulation of protein localisation in membrane
negative regulation of protein localization in membrane
negative regulation of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity.
downregulation of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity
down regulation of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity
down-regulation of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity
downregulation of glutamine synthetase activity
down regulation of glutamine synthetase activity
down-regulation of glutamine synthetase activity
downregulation of glutamylhydroxamic synthetase activity
down regulation of glutamylhydroxamic synthetase activity
down-regulation of glutamylhydroxamic synthetase activity
downregulation of L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)
down regulation of L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)
down-regulation of L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)
downregulation of L-glutamine synthetase activity
down regulation of L-glutamine synthetase activity
down-regulation of L-glutamine synthetase activity
inhibition of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity
inhibition of glutamine synthetase activity
inhibition of glutamylhydroxamic synthetase activity
inhibition of L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)
inhibition of L-glutamine synthetase activity
negative regulation of glutamine synthetase activity
negative regulation of glutamylhydroxamic synthetase activity
negative regulation of L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)
negative regulation of L-glutamine synthetase activity
The process in which a Pup protein is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxy-terminus of Pup and the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.
regulation of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity.
regulation of glutamine synthetase activity
regulation of glutamylhydroxamic synthetase activity
regulation of L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)
regulation of L-glutamine synthetase activity
thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by thrombin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
obsolete positive regulation of histone H3-K79 dimethylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K79 dimethylation.
Binding to an oligosaccharide, a molecule with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
obsolete negative regulation of histone H3-K79 dimethylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K79 dimethylation.
negative regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thrombin-activated receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
negative regulation of thrombin receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of thrombin receptor signalling pathway
regulation of protein localization to membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to membrane.
regulation of protein localisation in membrane
regulation of protein localization in membrane
regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
regulation of thrombin receptor signaling pathway
regulation of thrombin receptor signalling pathway
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in stem cell proliferation
Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in stem cell proliferation.
canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in stem cell proliferation
canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in stem cell proliferation
frizzled-1 receptor signaling pathway involved in stem cell proliferation
Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in stem cell proliferation
Wnt receptor signaling pathway via beta-catenin involved in stem cell proliferation
Wnt receptor signalling pathway through beta-catenin involved in stem cell proliferation
6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate + H2O = 6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate + acetaldehyde + 2 H+.
negative regulation of leucine import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leucine import across plasma membrane.
downregulation of leucine import into cell
down regulation of leucine import into cell
down-regulation of leucine import into cell
downregulation of L-leucine import into cell
down regulation of L-leucine import into cell
down-regulation of L-leucine import into cell
inhibition of L-leucine import into cell
negative regulation of leucine import into cell
negative regulation of L-leucine import into cell
positive regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thrombin-activated receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
positive regulation of thrombin receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of thrombin receptor signalling pathway
regulation of leucine import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leucine import across plasma membrane.
regulation of L-leucine import into cell
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation of an exosporium, the outermost layer of a bacterial endospore.
regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly.
interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-1 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-1 alpha-mediated signaling pathway
interleukin-1 beta-mediated signaling pathway
interleukin-1-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of leucine import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leucine import across plasma membrane.
activation of L-leucine import into cell
positive regulation of leucine import into cell
positive regulation of L-leucine import into cell
upregulation of leucine import into cell
up regulation of leucine import into cell
up-regulation of leucine import into cell
upregulation of L-leucine import into cell
up regulation of L-leucine import into cell
up-regulation of L-leucine import into cell
poly-gamma-glutamate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds.
regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.
obsolete poly-gamma-glutamate metabolic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds.
positive regulation of Golgi lumen acidification
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi lumen acidification.
upregulation of Golgi lumen acidification
up regulation of Golgi lumen acidification
up-regulation of Golgi lumen acidification
selenium-containing prosthetic group metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.
selenium-containing prosthetic group metabolism
positive regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.
capsule poly-gamma-glutamate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds, that forms all or part of a bacterial capsule.
capsular poly-gamma-glutamate biosynthetic process
capsule poly-gamma-glutamate biosynthesis
negative regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.
A layer of extracellular matrix deposited onto the surface of the pollen wall upon disintegration of the tapetal layer of the anther wall in the late stages of pollen development. The composition of this material is highly heterogeneous and includes waxes, lipid droplets, small aromatic molecules, and proteins. The pollen coat is proposed to have many functions, such as holding pollen in the anther until dispersal, facilitation of pollen dispersal, protection of pollen from water loss and UV radiation, and facilitation of adhesion of pollen to the stigma.
obsolete regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron that results in regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process.
selenium-containing prosthetic group biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.
selenium-containing prosthetic group anabolism
selenium-containing prosthetic group biosynthesis
selenium-containing prosthetic group formation
selenium-containing prosthetic group synthesis
negative regulation of protein autoubiquitination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination.
downregulation of protein autoubiquitination
downregulation of protein auto-ubiquitination
down regulation of protein autoubiquitination
down regulation of protein auto-ubiquitination
down-regulation of protein autoubiquitination
down-regulation of protein auto-ubiquitination
downregulation of protein autoubiquitinylation
downregulation of protein auto-ubiquitinylation
down regulation of protein autoubiquitinylation
down regulation of protein auto-ubiquitinylation
down-regulation of protein autoubiquitinylation
down-regulation of protein auto-ubiquitinylation
downregulation of protein self-ubiquitination
down regulation of protein self-ubiquitination
down-regulation of protein self-ubiquitination
downregulation of protein self-ubiquitinylation
down regulation of protein self-ubiquitinylation
down-regulation of protein self-ubiquitinylation
inhibition of protein autoubiquitination
inhibition of protein auto-ubiquitination
inhibition of protein autoubiquitinylation
inhibition of protein auto-ubiquitinylation
inhibition of protein self-ubiquitination
inhibition of protein self-ubiquitinylation
negative regulation of protein auto-ubiquitination
negative regulation of protein autoubiquitinylation
negative regulation of protein auto-ubiquitinylation
negative regulation of protein self-ubiquitination
negative regulation of protein self-ubiquitinylation
regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organisation
negative regulation of Golgi lumen acidification
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi lumen acidification.
downregulation of Golgi lumen acidification
down regulation of Golgi lumen acidification
down-regulation of Golgi lumen acidification
high-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity
Combining with a high-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the high-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis.
high-density lipoprotein receptor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi lumen acidification.
The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.
The directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle.
positive regulation of presynaptic active zone assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic active zone assembly.
activation of presynaptic active zone assembly
activation of pre-synaptic active zone assembly
activation of pre-synaptic active zone component assembly
activation of pre-synaptic active zone component formation
activation of presynaptic active zone formation
activation of pre-synaptic active zone formation
positive regulation of pre-synaptic active zone assembly
positive regulation of pre-synaptic active zone component assembly
positive regulation of pre-synaptic active zone component formation
positive regulation of presynaptic active zone formation
positive regulation of pre-synaptic active zone formation
upregulation of presynaptic active zone assembly
upregulation of pre-synaptic active zone assembly
up regulation of presynaptic active zone assembly
up regulation of pre-synaptic active zone assembly
up-regulation of presynaptic active zone assembly
up-regulation of pre-synaptic active zone assembly
upregulation of pre-synaptic active zone component assembly
up regulation of pre-synaptic active zone component assembly
up-regulation of pre-synaptic active zone component assembly
upregulation of pre-synaptic active zone component formation
up regulation of pre-synaptic active zone component formation
up-regulation of pre-synaptic active zone component formation
upregulation of presynaptic active zone formation
upregulation of pre-synaptic active zone formation
up regulation of presynaptic active zone formation
up regulation of pre-synaptic active zone formation
up-regulation of presynaptic active zone formation
up-regulation of pre-synaptic active zone formation
obsolete negative regulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
positive regulation of macrophage migration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.
obsolete regulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
negative regulation of macrophage migration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.
Binding to a death domain of a protein. The death domain (DD) is a homotypic protein interaction module composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices. DD bind each other forming oligomers. Some DD-containing proteins are involved in the regulation of apoptosis and inflammation through their activation of caspases and NF-kappaB.
The orderly movement of a macrophage from one site to another.
positive regulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
activation of histone H4-K20 methylation
stimulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
upregulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
up regulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
up-regulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fertilization.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to talin.
negative regulation of presynaptic active zone assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic active zone assembly.
downregulation of presynaptic active zone assembly
downregulation of pre-synaptic active zone assembly
down regulation of presynaptic active zone assembly
down regulation of pre-synaptic active zone assembly
down-regulation of presynaptic active zone assembly
down-regulation of pre-synaptic active zone assembly
downregulation of pre-synaptic active zone component assembly
down regulation of pre-synaptic active zone component assembly
down-regulation of pre-synaptic active zone component assembly
downregulation of pre-synaptic active zone component formation
down regulation of pre-synaptic active zone component formation
down-regulation of pre-synaptic active zone component formation
downregulation of presynaptic active zone formation
downregulation of pre-synaptic active zone formation
down regulation of presynaptic active zone formation
down regulation of pre-synaptic active zone formation
down-regulation of presynaptic active zone formation
down-regulation of pre-synaptic active zone formation
inhibition of presynaptic active zone assembly
inhibition of pre-synaptic active zone assembly
inhibition of pre-synaptic active zone component assembly
inhibition of pre-synaptic active zone component formation
inhibition of presynaptic active zone formation
inhibition of pre-synaptic active zone formation
negative regulation of pre-synaptic active zone assembly
negative regulation of pre-synaptic active zone component assembly
negative regulation of pre-synaptic active zone component formation
negative regulation of presynaptic active zone formation
negative regulation of pre-synaptic active zone formation
A transcription factor complex that contains the serum response factor (SRF) and the basic helix-loop-helix proteins myogenin and E12, and is involved in activating transcription of muscle-specific genes.
regulation of presynaptic active zone assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic active zone assembly.
regulation of pre-synaptic active zone assembly
regulation of pre-synaptic active zone component assembly
regulation of pre-synaptic active zone component formation
regulation of presynaptic active zone formation
regulation of pre-synaptic active zone formation
A protein complex containing three of the five subunits of eukaryotic replication factor C, those corresponding to human p40, p38, and p37.
negative regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of short-term synaptic potentiation.
downregulation of short-term synaptic potentiation
down regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation
down-regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation
down regulation of synaptic facilitation
down-regulation of synaptic facilitation
inhibition of short-term synaptic potentiation
negative regulation of synaptic facilitation
A protein complex formed by the association of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase (CAK) holoenzyme complex with ERCC2.
cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase holoenzyme-ERCC2 complex
regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of short-term synaptic potentiation.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD63, a member of the tetraspan family.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a non-motile cilium.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD53, a member of the tetraspan family.
positive regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of short-term synaptic potentiation.
activation of short-term synaptic potentiation
positive regulation of synaptic facilitation
upregulation of short-term synaptic potentiation
up regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation
up-regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD82, a member of the tetraspan family.
protein localization to interphase microtubule organizing center
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an interphase microtubule organizing center.
protein localisation in interphase microtubule organizing center
protein localisation to interphase microtubule organizing center
protein localization in interphase microtubule organizing center
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD81, a member of the tetraspan family.
protein localization to microtubule organizing center
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a microtubule organizing center.
protein localisation in microtubule organizing center
protein localisation to microtubule organizing center
protein localization in microtubule organizing center
11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NADH + H+.
positive regulation of myosin II filament assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myosin II filament assembly.
activation of myosin II filament assembly
positive regulation of myosin II polymerization
upregulation of myosin II filament assembly
up regulation of myosin II filament assembly
up-regulation of myosin II filament assembly
upregulation of myosin II polymerization
up regulation of myosin II polymerization
up-regulation of myosin II polymerization
A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that has endonuclease activity specific for bubble structures characteristic of certain DNA lesions. The subunits are known as XPF/ERCC4 and ERCC1 in mammals, and Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae.
negative regulation of myosin II filament assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myosin II filament assembly.
downregulation of myosin II filament assembly
down regulation of myosin II filament assembly
down-regulation of myosin II filament assembly
downregulation of myosin II polymerization
down regulation of myosin II polymerization
down-regulation of myosin II polymerization
inhibition of myosin II filament assembly
negative regulation of myosin II polymerization
tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
positive regulation of motile cilium assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly.
activation of motile primary cilia assembly
activation of motile primary cilia formation
activation of motile primary cilium assembly
activation of motile primary cilium formation
positive regulation of motile primary cilia assembly
positive regulation of motile primary cilia formation
positive regulation of motile primary cilium assembly
positive regulation of motile primary cilium formation
positive regulation of nodal cilium assembly
positive regulation of nodal cilium formation
upregulation of motile primary cilia assembly
up regulation of motile primary cilia assembly
up-regulation of motile primary cilia assembly
upregulation of motile primary cilia formation
up regulation of motile primary cilia formation
up-regulation of motile primary cilia formation
upregulation of motile primary cilium assembly
up regulation of motile primary cilium assembly
up-regulation of motile primary cilium assembly
upregulation of motile primary cilium formation
up regulation of motile primary cilium formation
up-regulation of motile primary cilium formation
11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+.
corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase activity
negative regulation of motile cilium assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly.
downregulation of motile primary cilia assembly
down regulation of motile primary cilia assembly
down-regulation of motile primary cilia assembly
downregulation of motile primary cilia formation
down regulation of motile primary cilia formation
down-regulation of motile primary cilia formation
downregulation of motile primary cilium assembly
down regulation of motile primary cilium assembly
down-regulation of motile primary cilium assembly
downregulation of motile primary cilium formation
down regulation of motile primary cilium formation
down-regulation of motile primary cilium formation
down regulation of nodal cilium assembly
down-regulation of nodal cilium assembly
downregulation of nodal cilium formation
down regulation of nodal cilium formation
down-regulation of nodal cilium formation
inhibition of motile primary cilia assembly
inhibition of motile primary cilia formation
inhibition of motile primary cilium assembly
inhibition of motile primary cilium formation
negative regulation of motile primary cilia assembly
negative regulation of motile primary cilia formation
negative regulation of motile primary cilium assembly
negative regulation of motile primary cilium formation
negative regulation of nodal cilium assembly
negative regulation of nodal cilium formation
The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.
obsolete cytoplasmic sequestering of protein involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint
OBSOLETE. Any cytoplasmic sequestering of protein that is involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint.
Any plastid stroma that is part of a gerontoplast.
Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-tryptophan to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.
obsolete regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation.
activation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation
upregulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation
up regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation
up-regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation
A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, RAP80/UIMC1, BRCC3/BRCC36, BRE/BRCC45, FAM175A/CCDC98/Abraxas and MERIT40/NBA1, and specifically recognizes and binds K63-linked polyubiquitin chains present on histone H2A and H2AX at DNA damage sites.
obsolete positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport.
K63-linked polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding
Binding to a protein upon poly-ubiquitination formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 in the target protein.
obsolete negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport.
A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, CtIP and Mre11/Rad50/NBS1 (M/R/N) complex, and binds to DNA at DNA damage sites. BRCA1-C binding ta damaged DNA is required for DNA damage-induced Chk1 phosphorylation and the G2/M transition checkpoint.
positive regulation of kinetochore assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinetochore assembly.
activation of centromere/kinetochore complex maturation
activation of centromere and kinetochore complex maturation
activation of chromosome-kinetochore attachment
positive regulation of centromere/kinetochore complex maturation
positive regulation of centromere and kinetochore complex maturation
positive regulation of chromosome-kinetochore attachment
positive regulation of kinetochore formation
positive regulation of NMS complex assembly
upregulation of centromere/kinetochore complex maturation
up regulation of centromere/kinetochore complex maturation
up-regulation of centromere/kinetochore complex maturation
upregulation of centromere and kinetochore complex maturation
up regulation of centromere and kinetochore complex maturation
up-regulation of centromere and kinetochore complex maturation
upregulation of chromosome-kinetochore attachment
up regulation of chromosome-kinetochore attachment
up-regulation of chromosome-kinetochore attachment
A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, BACH1 and TopBP1, and binds to DNA during S phase at DNA damage sites.
negative regulation of kinetochore assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinetochore assembly.
downregulation of centromere/kinetochore complex maturation
down regulation of centromere/kinetochore complex maturation
down-regulation of centromere/kinetochore complex maturation
downregulation of centromere and kinetochore complex maturation
down regulation of centromere and kinetochore complex maturation
down-regulation of centromere and kinetochore complex maturation
downregulation of chromosome-kinetochore attachment
down regulation of chromosome-kinetochore attachment
down-regulation of chromosome-kinetochore attachment
down regulation of kinetochore biogenesis
down regulation of kinetochore formation
down-regulation of kinetochore formation
inhibition of centromere/kinetochore complex maturation
inhibition of centromere and kinetochore complex maturation
inhibition of chromosome-kinetochore attachment
negative regulation of centromere/kinetochore complex maturation
negative regulation of centromere and kinetochore complex maturation
negative regulation of chromosome-kinetochore attachment
negative regulation of kinetochore formation
negative regulation of NMS complex assembly
A histone ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a lysine residue in histone H2A or the variant H2AX.
negative regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation.
downregulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation
down regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation
down-regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation
inhibition of vascular endothelial cell proliferation
A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K63-linked ubiquitination does not target the substrate protein for degradation, but is involved in several pathways, notably as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair.
regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation.
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a lysine residue in histone H2A or the variant H2AX.
regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly.
regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown
regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism
regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary vesicle. Multiple smaller vesicles dock to the transitional fibers on a mature basal body and then fuse together to form a larger single vesicle. This then fuses with the plasma membrane and forms the ciliary membrane.
Binding to linoleic acid, the 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acid (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid.
positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly.
activation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown
activation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism
activation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation
activation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly
positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown
positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism
positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation
upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown
up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown
up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown
upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism
up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism
up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism
upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation
up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation
up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation
upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly
up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly
up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly
Binding to oleic acid, the 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid.
negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly.
downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown
down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown
down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown
downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism
down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism
down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism
downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation
down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation
down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation
downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly
down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly
down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly
inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown
inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism
inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation
inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly
negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown
negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism
negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platinum stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching.
regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
Binding to stearic acid, the 18-carbon saturated fatty acid octadecanoic acid.
positive regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum.
activation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum
activation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum
activation of protein localization in ER
activation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum
positive regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum
positive regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum
positive regulation of protein localization in ER
upregulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum
up regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum
up-regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum
upregulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum
up regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum
up-regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum
upregulation of protein localization in ER
up regulation of protein localization in ER
up-regulation of protein localization in ER
upregulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum
up regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum
up-regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.
positive regulation of blood vessel branching
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching.
activation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
activation of patterning of blood vessels
positive regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
upregulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
up regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
up-regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
upregulation of patterning of blood vessels
up regulation of patterning of blood vessels
up-regulation of patterning of blood vessels
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching.
downregulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
down regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
down-regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
downregulation of patterning of blood vessels
down regulation of patterning of blood vessels
down-regulation of patterning of blood vessels
inhibition of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
inhibition of patterning of blood vessels
negative regulation of branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
A protein complex that is involved in coordinating ribosome biogenesis with cell cycle progression. In human, it is composed of Pes1, Bop1, and WDR12; in Saccharomyces the proteins are known as Nop7p, Erb1 and Ytm1 respectively.
obsolete positive regulation of subtelomeric heterochromatin assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of subtelomeric heterochromatin assembly.
The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 36 of the histone.
obsolete negative regulation of subtelomeric heterochromatin assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of subtelomeric heterochromatin assembly.
Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-tyrosine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.
negative regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum.
downregulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum
down regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum
down-regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum
downregulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum
down regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum
down-regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum
downregulation of protein localization in ER
down regulation of protein localization in ER
down-regulation of protein localization in ER
downregulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum
down regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum
down-regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum
inhibition of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum
inhibition of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum
inhibition of protein localization in ER
inhibition of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum
negative regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum
negative regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum
negative regulation of protein localization in ER
L-phenylalanine aminotransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-phenylalanine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.
regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum.
regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum
regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum
regulation of protein localization in ER
siRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation
An siRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway that blocks the translation of target mRNAs into proteins. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), an siRNA will typically mediate repression of translation if the siRNA perfectly complements elements located in the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs.
downregulation of translation involved in RNA interference
down regulation of translation involved in RNA interference
down-regulation of translation involved in RNA interference
inhibition of translation involved in RNA interference
negative regulation of translation involved in RNA interference
RNA interference, negative regulation of translation
obsolete negative regulation of regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron.
Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-glutamine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.
L-methionine import across plasma membrane
The directed movement of L-methionine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
endoribonuclease activity, cleaving siRNA-paired mRNA
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA in a double-stranded RNA molecule formed by the base pairing of an mRNA with an siRNA, yielding 5'-phosphomonoesters.
obsolete regulation of subtelomeric heterochromatin assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of subtelomeric heterochromatin assembly.
The process in which the chromatin structure of the rDNA repeats is compacted. In S. cerevisiae, condensation and resolution of the rDNA occurs during anaphase.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylpropanoid stimulus.
Combining with nicotinic acid to initiate a change in cell activity.
regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.
regulation of L-arginine import into cell
A protein complex that contains the FAM175B/ABRO1, BRCC3/BRCC36, BRE/BRCC45 and MERIT40/NBA1 proteins, and specifically cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin chains.
A protein complex that binds interleukin-7 (IL-7) and that consists of, at a minimum, an interleukin, an alpha and a gamma chain as well as optional additional kinase subunits. The alpha chain binds IL-7 with high affinity and subsequently binds the cytokine receptor common gamma chain that forms part of multiple interleukin receptors.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.
A protein complex that binds interleukin-15 (IL-15) and that consists of, at a minimum, an interleukin, an alpha, beta and gamma chain as well as optional additional kinase subunits. The alpha chain is unique to binds IL-15 while it shares the beta chain with the IL-2 receptor and the cytokine receptor common gamma chain with multiple interleukin receptors.
synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-3-complexin complex
A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 3, and a complexin (or orthologs thereof).
SNARE complex (Stx3, Snap25, Vamp2, Cplx1)
negative regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.
downregulation of L-arginine import into cell
down regulation of L-arginine import into cell
inhibition of L-arginine import into cell
negative regulation of L-arginine import into cell
A protein complex that contains the cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 bound to PCNA; formation of the complex inhibits DNA replication.
positive regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly.
activation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly
upregulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly
up regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly
up-regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly
TAF4B-containing transcription factor TFIID complex
A transcription factor TFIID complex that contains the TBP-associated factor TAF4B (also known as TAFII105 in human), a cell-type-specific variant of TAF4.
negative regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly.
downregulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly
down regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly
down-regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly
inhibition of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly
A protein complex found in the lysosome that contains beta-galactosidase, cathepsin A, alpha-neuraminidase and N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase, and is involved in glycosaminoglycan catabolism.
GALNS-lysosomal hydrolase 1.27 MDa complex
regulation of postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway.
regulation of postsynaptic signaling to nucleus
A protein complex that consists of an alphaM-beta2 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD63, a member of the tetraspan family.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a vitamin D receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding.
activation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
activation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
positive regulation of LDL receptor binding
positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
upregulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
up regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
upregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
up regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
The regulated release of proteins by a platelet or group of platelets.
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding.
downregulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
down regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
down-regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
down regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
down-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
inhibition of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
inhibition of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
negative regulation of LDL receptor binding
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
negative regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
downregulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
down regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
down-regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of VDR signaling pathway
negative regulation of VDR signalling pathway
negative regulation vitamin D receptor signalling pathway
positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity.
activation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity
upregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity
up regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity
up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity
regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
regulation of vitamin D receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity.
downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity
down regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity
down-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity
inhibition of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity
A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that enables replication of the telomeric repeat sequences at the end of a linear chromosome.
positive regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of optical nerve axon regeneration.
activation of optical nerve axon regeneration
upregulation of optical nerve axon regeneration
up regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration
up-regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration
positive regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
activation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of VDR signaling pathway
positive regulation of vitamin D receptor signalling pathway
stimulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
upregulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
up regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
up-regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of optical nerve axon regeneration.
downregulation of optical nerve axon regeneration
down regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration
down-regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration
inhibition of optical nerve axon regeneration
Catalysis of the transfer of a cytidylyl group to an acceptor.
regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding.
regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
Catalysis of the transfer of an adenylyl group to an acceptor.
Catalysis of the transfer of an uridylyl group to an acceptor.
positive regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.
activation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane
activation of L-arginine import into cell
positive regulation of L-arginine import
positive regulation of L-arginine import into cell
positive regulation of L-arginine uptake
upregulation of L-arginine import into cell
up-regulation of L-arginine import into cell
Catalysis of the transfer of a guanylyl group to an acceptor.
plant-type cell wall modification involved in stomatal movement
Any plant-type cell wall modification that is involved in stomatal movement.
cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall modification involved in stomatal movement
negative regulation of neuron projection regeneration
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.
regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of optical nerve axon regeneration.
regulation of neuron projection regeneration
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a fibronectin fibril.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of outer hair cell apoptotic process.
regulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptosis
regulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptotic process
positive regulation of neuron projection regeneration
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.
Any apoptotic process in an outer hair cell.
cochlear outer hair cell apoptotic process
peptide mating pheromone maturation involved in regulation of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.
peptide mating pheromone formation involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
peptide mating pheromone processing involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
positive regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of outer hair cell apoptotic process.
activation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptosis
activation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptotic process
activation of outer hair cell apoptotic process
positive regulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptosis
positive regulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptotic process
positive regulation of outer hair cell apoptosis
upregulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptosis
up regulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptosis
up-regulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptosis
upregulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptotic process
up regulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptotic process
up-regulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptotic process
upregulation of outer hair cell apoptosis
up regulation of outer hair cell apoptosis
up-regulation of outer hair cell apoptosis
upregulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process
up regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process
up-regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process
A process in which a cadmium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of outer hair cell apoptotic process.
downregulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptosis
down regulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptosis
down-regulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptosis
downregulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptotic process
down regulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptotic process
down-regulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptotic process
downregulation of outer hair cell apoptosis
down regulation of outer hair cell apoptosis
down-regulation of outer hair cell apoptosis
downregulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process
down regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process
down-regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process
inhibition of cochlear outer hair cell apoptosis
inhibition of cochlear outer hair cell apoptotic process
inhibition of outer hair cell apoptotic process
negative regulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptosis
negative regulation of cochlear outer hair cell apoptotic process
negative regulation of outer hair cell apoptosis
Binding to a histone in which a lysine residue has been modified by acetylation.
positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance.
activation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
upregulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
up regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.
positive regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB3 signaling pathway.
activation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 signaling pathway
positive regulation of ERBB3 signalling pathway
positive regulation of HER3 signaling pathway
positive regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 signaling pathway
up regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway
up-regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway
upregulation of ERBB3 signalling pathway
up regulation of ERBB3 signalling pathway
up-regulation of ERBB3 signalling pathway
upregulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 signaling pathway
up regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 signaling pathway
up-regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 signaling pathway
Catalysis of the reaction: methylcytosine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-hydroxymethylcytosine + succinate + CO2.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannose stimulus.
A trimeric protein complex required for the formation of a mature RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In humans the complex is composed of the endonuclease Dicer (DICER1), TRBP (TARBP2) and the Argonaute protein Ago2 (EIF2C2/AGO2). Within the complex, Dicer and TRBP are required to process precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to mature miRNAs and then load them onto Ago2. Ago2 bound to the mature miRNA constitutes the minimal RISC and may subsequently dissociate from Dicer and TRBP. This complex has endoribonuclease activity.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannose stimulus.
A DNA-dependent DNA replication process in which a single-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from a circular duplex template. Replication typically does not cease when one circumference has been replicated, but continues around the circumference several more times, producing a long single strand comprising multimers of the replicon.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving base J (beta-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil), a hypermodified thymidine residue found in the genome of kinetoplastid parasites. This modified base is localized primarily to repetitive DNA, namely the telomeres, and is implicated in the regulation of antigenic variation. The base is synthesized in a two-step pathway. Initially, a thymidine residue in DNA is hydroxylated by a thymidine hydroxylase (TH) to form the intermediate hydroxymethyluracil, which is then glucosylated to form base J.
beta-D-glucosyl-HOMedU metabolic process
beta-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil metabolism
The process in which a bending force is generated in the prospore membrane to form the characteristic curved shape of the prospore.
ascospore-type prospore membrane bending
negative regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB3 signaling pathway.
downregulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway
down regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway
down-regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway
downregulation of ERBB3 signalling pathway
down regulation of ERBB3 signalling pathway
down-regulation of ERBB3 signalling pathway
downregulation of HER3 signaling pathway
down regulation of HER3 signaling pathway
down-regulation of HER3 signaling pathway
downregulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 signaling pathway
down regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 signaling pathway
down-regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 signaling pathway
inhibition of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 signaling pathway
negative regulation of ERBB3 signalling pathway
negative regulation of HER3 signaling pathway
negative regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 signaling pathway
A DNA-dependent DNA replication process in which a double-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from a circular duplex template.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB3 signaling pathway.
regulation of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 signaling pathway
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the mitochondrion.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a mitochondrion are generated and organized.
The directed movement of ganglioside GM1 to membrane.
regulation of cell-cell adhesion involved in gastrulation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell affecting gastrulation.
cell-cell adhesion involved in gastrulation
The attachment of one cell to another cell affecting gastrulation.
obsolete cellular component macromolecule biosynthetic process
OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule that is destined to form part of a specific cellular component.
negative regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ferrichrome biosynthetic process.
down regulation of ferrichrome anabolism
down-regulation of ferrichrome anabolism
downregulation of ferrichrome biosynthesis
down regulation of ferrichrome biosynthesis
down-regulation of ferrichrome biosynthesis
downregulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process
down regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process
down-regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process
downregulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide formation
down regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide formation
down-regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide formation
downregulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide modification
down regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide modification
down-regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide modification
down regulation of ferrichrome formation
down-regulation of ferrichrome formation
down regulation of ferrichrome synthesis
down-regulation of ferrichrome synthesis
inhibition of ferrichrome biosynthetic process
inhibition of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide formation
inhibition of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide modification
negative regulation of ferrichrome anabolism
negative regulation of ferrichrome biosynthesis
negative regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide formation
negative regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide modification
negative regulation of ferrichrome formation
negative regulation of ferrichrome synthesis
A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrichrome biosynthetic process.
regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide formation
regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide modification
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of an ascospore wall.
A protein complex that binds interleukin-10 (IL-10) and that consists of, at a minimum, a dimeric interleukin, an alpha and a beta chain as well as optional additional kinase subunits. The alpha chain binds IL-10 with high affinity and subsequently binds the common beta receptor chain that forms part of multiple interleukin receptors.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a spore wall. A spore wall is the specialized cell wall lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.
positive regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferrichrome biosynthetic process.
activation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process
activation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide formation
activation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide modification
positive regulation of ferrichrome anabolism
positive regulation of ferrichrome biosynthesis
positive regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide formation
positive regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide modification
positive regulation of ferrichrome formation
positive regulation of ferrichrome synthesis
upregulation of ferrichrome biosynthesis
up regulation of ferrichrome biosynthesis
up-regulation of ferrichrome biosynthesis
upregulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process
up regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process
up-regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process
upregulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide formation
up regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide formation
up-regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide formation
upregulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide modification
up regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide modification
up-regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide modification
The process in which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell.
positive regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process.
activation of serotonin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of serotonin anabolism
positive regulation of serotonin biosynthesis
positive regulation of serotonin formation
positive regulation of serotonin synthesis
upregulation of serotonin biosynthetic process
up regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process
up-regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process
cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide destined to form part of a cell wall.
negative regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process.
downregulation of serotonin biosynthesis
down regulation of serotonin biosynthesis
down-regulation of serotonin biosynthesis
downregulation of serotonin biosynthetic process
down regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process
down-regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process
inhibition of serotonin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of serotonin anabolism
negative regulation of serotonin biosynthesis
negative regulation of serotonin formation
negative regulation of serotonin synthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glyceraldehyde stimulus.
juvenile hormone response element binding
Binding to a juvenile hormone response element (JHRE), a conserved sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to juvenile hormone.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glyceraldehyde stimulus.
cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process
cell wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process
negative regulation of L-methionine import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-methionine import across plasma membrane.
(1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
regulation of L-methionine import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-methionine import across plasma membrane.
fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
ascospore wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process
ascospore wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolism
ascospore wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process
ascospore wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolism
regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process.
cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process
positive regulation of L-methionine import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-methionine import across plasma membrane.
The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the centromeric region of the chromosome.
positive regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.
activation of alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
activation of alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
activation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity
activation of alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase activity
upregulation of alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
upregulation of alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
up regulation of alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
up regulation of alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
upregulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity
up regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity
upregulation of alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase activity
up regulation of alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase activity
up-regulation of alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase activity
fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan anabolism
fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthesis
fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan formation
fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan synthesis
fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan anabolism
fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthesis
fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process
fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan formation
fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan synthesis
negative regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.
downregulation of alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
downregulation of alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
down regulation of alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
down regulation of alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
downregulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity
down regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity
downregulation of alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase activity
down regulation of alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase activity
down-regulation of alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase activity
inhibition of alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
inhibition of alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
inhibition of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity
inhibition of alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
negative regulation of alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase activity
A protein complex that contains an ortholog of the Saccharomyces ATPase Swi2/Snf2 as one of the catalytic subunit components (ATPase) and mediates assembly of nucleosomes, changes to the spacing or structure of nucleosomes, or some combination of those activities in a manner that requires ATP.
SWI2/SNF2 superfamily ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex
SWI-SNF global transcription activator complex
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development.
regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region of a chromosome.
regulation of sister chromatid cohesion at centromere
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development.
regulation of (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process
regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolism
regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process
regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan metabolism
obsolete negative regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation.
obsolete regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation.
regulation of cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process
regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolism
regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process
regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolism
regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.
regulation of alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
regulation of alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity
regulation of alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase activity
regulation of (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan anabolism
regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthesis
regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan formation
regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan synthesis
regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan anabolism
regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan biosynthesis
regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan biosynthetic process
regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan formation
regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan synthesis
obsolete positive regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation.
regulation of fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
regulation of ascospore wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolism
regulation of ascospore wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process
regulation of ascospore wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolism
regulation of fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process
regulation of developmental vegetative growth
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental vegetative growth.
regulation of cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan anabolism
regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthesis
regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan formation
regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan synthesis
regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan anabolism
regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthesis
regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process
regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan formation
regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan synthesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cap binding.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 2) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 2). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 2 of histone H3.
histone-arginine N-methyltransferase activity (H3-R2 specific)
histone H3R2 arginine methyltransferase activity
histone methylase activity (H3-R2 specific)
histone methyltransferase activity (H3-R2 specific)
positive regulation of developmental vegetative growth
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of developmental vegetative growth.
activation of developmental vegetative growth
upregulation of developmental vegetative growth
up regulation of developmental vegetative growth
up-regulation of developmental vegetative growth
regulation of fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
regulation of fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan anabolism
regulation of fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthesis
regulation of fungal type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
regulation of fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan formation
regulation of fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan synthesis
regulation of fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan anabolism
regulation of fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthesis
regulation of fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process
regulation of fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan formation
regulation of fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan synthesis
negative regulation of developmental vegetative growth
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental vegetative growth.
downregulation of developmental vegetative growth
down regulation of developmental vegetative growth
down-regulation of developmental vegetative growth
inhibition of developmental vegetative growth
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing, a protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion.
activation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion
upregulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion
up regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion
up-regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion
histone H2AR3 methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H2A)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H2A)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 3 of histone H2A.
histone-arginine N-methyltransferase activity (H2A-R3 specific)
histone H2AR3 arginine methyltransferase activity
histone-H2AR3 methyltransferase activity
histone methylase activity (H2A-R3 specific)
histone methyltransferase activity (H2A-R3 specific)
positive regulation of presynapse assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of presynapse assembly.
activation of presynaptic terminal assembly
positive regulation of presynapse biogenesis
positive regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly
upregulation of presynaptic terminal assembly
up regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly
up-regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cap binding.
The directed movement of tungstate (WO4 2-) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Tungstate is a bivalent oxoanion of tungsten.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cap binding.
negative regulation of thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
downregulation of thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process
down regulation of thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process
down-regulation of thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process
inhibition of thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process
negative regulation of thiamin diphosphate biosynthetic process
negative regulation of thiamine diphosphate anabolism
negative regulation of thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis
negative regulation of thiamine diphosphate formation
negative regulation of thiamine diphosphate synthesis
positive regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability
Any process that increases blood-brain barrier permeability, the quality of the blood-brain barrier that allows for a controlled passage of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into and out of the brain.
activation of maintenance of permeability of BBB
activation of maintenance of permeability of blood-brain barrier
positive regulation of blood/brain barrier permeability
upregulation of blood/brain barrier permeability
up-regulation of blood/brain barrier permeability
upregulation of blood-brain barrier permeability
up-regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability
regulation of thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
regulation of thiamin diphosphate biosynthetic process
regulation of thiamine diphosphate anabolism
regulation of thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis
regulation of thiamine diphosphate formation
regulation of thiamine diphosphate synthesis
negative regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability
Any process that decreases blood-brain barrier permeability, the quality of the blood-brain barrier that allows for a controlled passage of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into and out of the brain.
downregulation of blood/brain barrier permeability
down-regulation of blood/brain barrier permeability
downregulation of blood-brain barrier permeability
down-regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability
inhibition of maintenance of permeability of BBB
inhibition of maintenance of permeability of blood-brain barrier
negative regulation of blood/brain barrier permeability
A protein complex that contains Grb2, the adaptor protein Shc and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
negative regulation of presynapse assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of presynapse assembly.
down regulation of presynapse biogenesis
down-regulation of presynapse biogenesis
downregulation of presynaptic terminal assembly
down regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly
down-regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly
inhibition of presynaptic terminal assembly
negative regulation of presynapse biogenesis
negative regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly
A protein complex that contains Grb2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynapse assembly.
regulation of presynaptic terminal assembly
A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2, the adaptor protein SHC and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport.
downregulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport
down regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport
down-regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport
downregulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in intracellular cholesterol transport
down regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in intracellular cholesterol transport
down-regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in intracellular cholesterol transport
downregulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL
down regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL
down-regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL
downregulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein involved in cholesterol transport
down regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein involved in cholesterol transport
down-regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein involved in cholesterol transport
downregulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport
down regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport
down-regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport
inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport
inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in intracellular cholesterol transport
inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL
inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein involved in cholesterol transport
inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport
negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in intracellular cholesterol transport
negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL
negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein involved in cholesterol transport
negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport
A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport.
regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in intracellular cholesterol transport
regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL
regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein involved in cholesterol transport
regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport
regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
regulation of thiamin biosynthetic process
regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability
Any process that modulates blood-brain barrier permeability, the quality of the blood-brain barrier that allows for a controlled passage of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into and out of the brain.
regulation of blood/brain barrier permeability
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase complex
A protein complex that possesses UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity; the bovine complex contains disulfide-linked homodimers of 166- and 51-kDa subunits and two identical, noncovalently associated 56-kDa subunits.
N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase complex
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase complex
positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport.
activation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport
activation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in intracellular cholesterol transport
activation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL
activation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein involved in cholesterol transport
activation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport
positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in intracellular cholesterol transport
positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL
positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein involved in cholesterol transport
positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport
upregulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport
up regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport
up-regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport
upregulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in intracellular cholesterol transport
up regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in intracellular cholesterol transport
up-regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in intracellular cholesterol transport
upregulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL
up regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL
up-regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL
upregulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein involved in cholesterol transport
up regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein involved in cholesterol transport
up-regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein involved in cholesterol transport
upregulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport
up regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport
up-regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particle involved in cholesterol transport
The release of intracellular molecules contained within the zymogen granule by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of the oocyte, requiring calcium ions.
regulation of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity.
negative regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
downregulation of thiamine biosynthetic process
down regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process
down-regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process
inhibition of thiamine biosynthetic process
negative regulation of thiamin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of thiamine anabolism
negative regulation of thiamine biosynthesis
negative regulation of thiamine formation
negative regulation of thiamine synthesis
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitotic checkpoint complex.
positive regulation of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity.
activation of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity
positive regulation of telomerase, catalyst
upregulation of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity
up regulation of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity
up-regulation of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity
(S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido) succinate lyase (fumarate-forming) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate = fumarate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
(S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming) activity
SAICAR-lyase (fumarate forming) activity
negative regulation of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity.
downregulation of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity
down regulation of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity
down-regulation of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity
inhibition of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity
negative regulation of telomerase, catalyst
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Binding to a proteasome, a large multisubunit protein complex that catalyzes protein degradation.
positive regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of artery smooth muscle contraction.
activation of artery smooth muscle contraction
upregulation of artery smooth muscle contraction
up regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction
up-regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction
Any process in which a spindle pole body is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
maintenance of spindle pole body localization
(1->4)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The directed movement of a substance from one side of an epithelium to the other.
positive regulation of artery morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.
positive regulation of arterial morphogenesis
negative regulation of artery morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.
downregulation of arterial morphogenesis
down regulation of arterial morphogenesis
down-regulation of arterial morphogenesis
negative regulation of arterial morphogenesis
nicotinamide riboside hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinamide riboside + H2O = nicotinamide + D-ribose.
nicotinamide ribonucleoside hydrolase activity
N-ribosylnicotinamide hydrolase activity
negative regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of artery smooth muscle contraction.
downregulation of artery smooth muscle contraction
down regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction
down-regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction
inhibition of artery smooth muscle contraction
The directed movement of ammonium ions from one side of an epithelium to the other.
regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of artery smooth muscle contraction.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.
negative regulation of shell calcification
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of shell calcification.
nicotinic acid riboside hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinic acid riboside + H2O = nicotinic acid + D-ribose.
D-ribosylnicotinic acid hydrolase activity
nicotinate ribonucleoside hydrolase activity
nicotinic acid ribonucleoside hydrolase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shell calcification.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D2, (3S,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.
positive regulation of shell calcification
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of shell calcification.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D4, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.
negative regulation of FACT complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of FACT complex assembly.
downregulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex assembly
down regulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex assembly
down-regulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex assembly
downregulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex formation
down regulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex formation
down-regulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex formation
down regulation of FACT complex assembly
down-regulation of FACT complex assembly
downregulation of FACT complex formation
down regulation of FACT complex formation
down-regulation of FACT complex formation
inhibition of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex assembly
inhibition of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex formation
negative regulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex assembly
negative regulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex formation
negative regulation of FACT complex formation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D3, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of FACT complex assembly.
regulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex assembly
regulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex formation
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-25 of any form of vitamin D.
The directed movement of proline from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D5, (1S,3Z)-3-[(2E)-2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-1-[(1R,4S)-4-ethyl-1,5-dimethylhexyl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylene-1-cyclohexanol.
positive regulation of FACT complex assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of FACT complex assembly.
activation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex assembly
activation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex formation
positive regulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex assembly
positive regulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex formation
positive regulation of FACT complex formation
upregulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex assembly
up regulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex assembly
up-regulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex assembly
upregulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex formation
up regulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex formation
up-regulation of Facilitates chromatin transcription complex formation
A small, granular structure that is found in the extracellular matrix of cell of the secretory tapetal layer that surrounds developing pollen grains. Ubisch bodies have a sporopollenin coat, are attached to the peritapetal wall, and may play a role in pollen development.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetaldehyde stimulus.
Binding to a vitamin D response element (VDRE), a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetaldehyde stimulus.
protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal
A protein modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to or removed from a target protein.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA methylation.
protein modification by small protein removal
A protein modification process in which one or more covalently attached groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are removed from a target protein.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA methylation.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins.
regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process.
An actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins. In fungal cells, myosin motors transport cargo along actin cables toward sites of polarized cell growth; actin cables may play a similar role in pollen tube growth.
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.
activation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
upregulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
up regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
up-regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
An rRNA catabolic process that results in the targeted detection and degradation of aberrant rRNAs contained within translationally defective ribosomes, thereby acting as a quality-control system.
positive regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process.
activation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process
upregulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process
up regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process
up-regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process
Any cellular process that establishes the spatial arrangement of actin filament bundles within the cell.
negative regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process.
downregulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process
down regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process
down-regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process
inhibition of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process
high-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
Binding to a high-density lipoprotein receptor.
high-density lipoprotein receptor binding
establishment of protein localization to euchromatin
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in an euchromatin.
establishment of protein localisation in euchromatin
establishment of protein localisation to euchromatin
establishment of protein localization in euchromatin
A protein complex that localizes to interphase centrosomes and to mitotic spindle tubules and regulates mitotic spindle assembly and centrosome integrity; in human, the complex consists of eight subunits, some of which are homologous to subunits of the Drosophila Augmin complex.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an euchromatin.
The regrowth of lost or destroyed mechanosensory epithelia.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a FACT complex.
Facilitates chromatin transcription complex assembly
Facilitates chromatin transcription complex formation
The regrowth of a sensory epithelium following its loss or destruction.
regulation of protein localization to chromatin
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromatin.
regulation of protein localisation to chromatin
The regrowth of a neuromast following its loss or destruction.
regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process.
regulation of phosphatidic acid anabolism
regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis
regulation of phosphatidic acid formation
regulation of phosphatidic acid synthesis
mechanoreceptor differentiation involved in mechanosensory epithelium regeneration
Differentiation of new mechanoreceptors to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.
The disaggregation of an endoplasmic reticulum into its constituent components.
inner ear sensory epithelium regeneration
The regrowth of lost or destroyed inner ear sensory epithelia.
positive regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process.
activation of phosphatidic acid anabolism
activation of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis
activation of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process
activation of phosphatidic acid formation
activation of phosphatidic acid synthesis
positive regulation of phosphatidic acid anabolism
positive regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis
positive regulation of phosphatidic acid formation
positive regulation of phosphatidic acid synthesis
upregulation of phosphatidic acid anabolism
up regulation of phosphatidic acid anabolism
up-regulation of phosphatidic acid anabolism
upregulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis
up regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis
up-regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis
upregulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process
up regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process
up-regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process
upregulation of phosphatidic acid formation
up regulation of phosphatidic acid formation
up-regulation of phosphatidic acid formation
upregulation of phosphatidic acid synthesis
up regulation of phosphatidic acid synthesis
up-regulation of phosphatidic acid synthesis
neuromast hair cell differentiation involved in neuromast regeneration
Differentiation of new neuromast sensory hair cells to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.
negative regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process.
downregulation of phosphatidic acid anabolism
down regulation of phosphatidic acid anabolism
down-regulation of phosphatidic acid anabolism
downregulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis
down regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis
down-regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis
downregulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process
down regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process
down-regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process
downregulation of phosphatidic acid formation
down regulation of phosphatidic acid formation
down-regulation of phosphatidic acid formation
downregulation of phosphatidic acid synthesis
down regulation of phosphatidic acid synthesis
down-regulation of phosphatidic acid synthesis
inhibition of phosphatidic acid anabolism
inhibition of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis
inhibition of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process
inhibition of phosphatidic acid formation
inhibition of phosphatidic acid synthesis
negative regulation of phosphatidic acid anabolism
negative regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis
negative regulation of phosphatidic acid formation
negative regulation of phosphatidic acid synthesis
The expansion of a leukocyte population by cell division.
positive regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of diacylglycerol kinase activity.
activation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase (phosphorylating)
activation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
activation of arachidonoyl-specific diacylglycerol kinase activity
activation of ATP:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase activity
activation of ATP:diacylglycerol phosphotransferase activity
activation of CTP:diacylglycerol kinase activity
activation of diacylglycerol:ATP kinase activity
activation of diacylglycerol kinase activity
activation of diglyceride kinase activity
activation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
positive regulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase (phosphorylating)
positive regulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
positive regulation of arachidonoyl-specific diacylglycerol kinase activity
positive regulation of ATP:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase activity
positive regulation of ATP:diacylglycerol phosphotransferase activity
positive regulation of CTP:diacylglycerol kinase activity
positive regulation of DG kinase activity
positive regulation of diacylglycerol:ATP kinase activity
positive regulation of diglyceride kinase activity
positive regulation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
upregulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase (phosphorylating)
up regulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase (phosphorylating)
up-regulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase (phosphorylating)
upregulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
up regulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
up-regulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
upregulation of arachidonoyl-specific diacylglycerol kinase activity
up regulation of arachidonoyl-specific diacylglycerol kinase activity
up-regulation of arachidonoyl-specific diacylglycerol kinase activity
upregulation of ATP:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase activity
up regulation of ATP:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase activity
up-regulation of ATP:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase activity
upregulation of ATP:diacylglycerol phosphotransferase activity
up regulation of ATP:diacylglycerol phosphotransferase activity
up-regulation of ATP:diacylglycerol phosphotransferase activity
upregulation of CTP:diacylglycerol kinase activity
up regulation of CTP:diacylglycerol kinase activity
up-regulation of CTP:diacylglycerol kinase activity
upregulation of diacylglycerol:ATP kinase activity
up regulation of diacylglycerol:ATP kinase activity
up-regulation of diacylglycerol:ATP kinase activity
upregulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity
up regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity
up-regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity
upregulation of diglyceride kinase activity
up regulation of diglyceride kinase activity
up-regulation of diglyceride kinase activity
upregulation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
up regulation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
up-regulation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
inner ear receptor cell differentiation involved in inner ear sensory epithelium regeneration
Differentiation of new inner ear sensory hair cells to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.
negative regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of diacylglycerol kinase activity.
downregulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase (phosphorylating)
down regulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase (phosphorylating)
down-regulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase (phosphorylating)
downregulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
down regulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
down-regulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
downregulation of arachidonoyl-specific diacylglycerol kinase activity
down regulation of arachidonoyl-specific diacylglycerol kinase activity
down-regulation of arachidonoyl-specific diacylglycerol kinase activity
downregulation of ATP:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase activity
down regulation of ATP:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase activity
down-regulation of ATP:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase activity
downregulation of ATP:diacylglycerol phosphotransferase activity
down regulation of ATP:diacylglycerol phosphotransferase activity
down-regulation of ATP:diacylglycerol phosphotransferase activity
downregulation of CTP:diacylglycerol kinase activity
down regulation of CTP:diacylglycerol kinase activity
down-regulation of CTP:diacylglycerol kinase activity
downregulation of diacylglycerol:ATP kinase activity
down regulation of diacylglycerol:ATP kinase activity
down-regulation of diacylglycerol:ATP kinase activity
downregulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity
down regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity
down-regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity
downregulation of diglyceride kinase activity
down regulation of diglyceride kinase activity
down-regulation of diglyceride kinase activity
downregulation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
down regulation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
down-regulation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
inhibition of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase (phosphorylating)
inhibition of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
inhibition of arachidonoyl-specific diacylglycerol kinase activity
inhibition of ATP:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase activity
inhibition of ATP:diacylglycerol phosphotransferase activity
inhibition of CTP:diacylglycerol kinase activity
inhibition of diacylglycerol:ATP kinase activity
inhibition of diacylglycerol kinase activity
inhibition of diglyceride kinase activity
inhibition of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
negative regulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase (phosphorylating)
negative regulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
negative regulation of arachidonoyl-specific diacylglycerol kinase activity
negative regulation of ATP:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase activity
negative regulation of ATP:diacylglycerol phosphotransferase activity
negative regulation of CTP:diacylglycerol kinase activity
negative regulation of DG kinase activity
negative regulation of diacylglycerol:ATP kinase activity
negative regulation of diglyceride kinase activity
negative regulation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
The disaggregation of a lipid particle into its constituent components.
The expansion of a mast cell population by cell division.
The disaggregation of a nucleus into its constituent components.
positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
up regulation of leukocyte proliferation
up-regulation of leukocyte proliferation
negative regulation of plasma membrane repair
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane repair.
downregulation of plasma membrane repair
down regulation of plasma membrane repair
down-regulation of plasma membrane repair
negative regulation of leukocyte proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
downregulation of leukocyte proliferation
down regulation of leukocyte proliferation
down-regulation of leukocyte proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane repair.
negative regulation of mast cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
downregulation of mast cell proliferation
down regulation of mast cell proliferation
down-regulation of mast cell proliferation
regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of diacylglycerol kinase activity.
regulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase (phosphorylating)
regulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
regulation of arachidonoyl-specific diacylglycerol kinase activity
regulation of ATP:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase activity
regulation of ATP:diacylglycerol phosphotransferase activity
regulation of CTP:diacylglycerol kinase activity
regulation of diacylglycerol:ATP kinase activity
regulation of diglyceride kinase activity
regulation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
positive regulation of plasma membrane repair
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane repair.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-2 stimulus.
negative regulation of innate immunity memory response
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.
downregulation of innate immunity memory response
down regulation of innate immunity memory response
down-regulation of innate immunity memory response
inhibition of innate immunity memory response
positive regulation of mast cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
up regulation of mast cell proliferation
up-regulation of mast cell proliferation
regulation of innate immunity memory response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-12 stimulus.
The disaggregation of a peroxisome into its constituent components.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus.
positive regulation of innate immunity memory response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.
activation of innate immunity memory response
upregulation of innate immunity memory response
up regulation of innate immunity memory response
up-regulation of innate immunity memory response
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus.
regulation of adaptive immune effector response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune effector response.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-15 stimulus.
positive regulation of adaptive immune memory response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune memory response.
activation of adaptive immune memory response
upregulation of adaptive immune memory response
up regulation of adaptive immune memory response
up-regulation of adaptive immune memory response
Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 = xanthine + H2O2.
hypoxanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of adaptive immune effector response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune effector response.
activation of adaptive immune effector response
upregulation of adaptive immune effector response
up regulation of adaptive immune effector response
up-regulation of adaptive immune effector response
Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H+.
hypoxanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
hypoxanthine/NAD(+) oxidoreductase activity
hypoxanthine/NAD+ oxidoreductase activity
hypoxanthine-NAD oxidoreductase activity
negative regulation of adaptive immune effector response
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune effector response.
downregulation of adaptive immune effector response
down regulation of adaptive immune effector response
down-regulation of adaptive immune effector response
inhibition of adaptive immune effector response
rRNA (cytosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methylcytosine.
positive regulation of lysosome organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization.
activation of lysosome organization and biogenesis
positive regulation of lysosome organisation
positive regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis
upregulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis
up regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis
up-regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis
The invagination of the endosome membrane and resulting formation of a vesicle within the lumen of the endosome.
negative regulation of lysosome organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization.
down regulation of lysosome organisation
down-regulation of lysosome organisation
down regulation of lysosome organization
down-regulation of lysosome organization
downregulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis
down regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis
down-regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis
inhibition of lysosome organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of lysosome organisation
negative regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis
Binding to inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate.
negative regulation of adaptive immune memory response
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune memory response.
downregulation of adaptive immune memory response
down regulation of adaptive immune memory response
down-regulation of adaptive immune memory response
inhibition of adaptive immune memory response
Binding to a preprotein, the unprocessed form of a protein destined to undergo co- or post-translational processing.
regulation of adaptive immune memory response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune memory response.
glutaminyl-tRNAGln biosynthesis via transamidation
A tRNA aminoacylation process in which glutaminyl-tRNAGln is formed by a tRNA-dependent two-step pathway. In the first step a non-discriminating glutamyl-tRNAGlx synthetase generates the misacylated L-glutamyl-tRNAGln species, and in the second step it is amidated to the correctly charged L-glutaminyl-tRNAGln by a glutamyl-tRNAGln amidotransferase.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a TORC1 complex.
rapamycin and nutrient-sensitive TOR complex assembly
rapamycin and nutrient-sensitive TOR complex formation
asparaginyl-tRNAAsn biosynthesis via transamidation
A tRNA aminoacylation process in which asparaginyl-tRNAAsn is formed by a tRNA-dependent two-step pathway. In the first step a non-discriminating aspartyl-tRNA synthetase generates the misacylated L-aspartyl-tRNAAsn species, and in the second step it is amidated to the correctly charged L-asparaginyl-tRNAAsn by the heterotrimeric aspartyl-tRNAAsn amidotransferase.
positive regulation of protein localization to endosome
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endosome.
activation of protein localisation in endosome
activation of protein localization in endosome
activation of protein localization to endosome
positive regulation of protein localisation in endosome
positive regulation of protein localization in endosome
upregulation of protein localisation in endosome
up regulation of protein localisation in endosome
up-regulation of protein localisation in endosome
upregulation of protein localization in endosome
up regulation of protein localization in endosome
up-regulation of protein localization in endosome
upregulation of protein localization to endosome
up regulation of protein localization to endosome
up-regulation of protein localization to endosome
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization.
regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome regulatory particle complex.
The disaggregation of a TORC2 complex into its constituent components.
rapamycin and nutrient-insensitive TOR complex disassembly
A cell projection that forms at the site of macropinocytosis, a form of endocytosis that results in the uptake of relatively large amounts of extracellular fluid. The macropinocytic cup membrane selectively excludes certain proteins, such as H36 or PM4C4 in Dictyostelium, and the underlying cytoskeleton is enriched in F-actin and coronin.
positive regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import across plasma membrane.
activation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane
upregulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane
up regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane
up-regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane
The reproductive process in which coagulated semen becomes liquid following ejaculation, allowing the progressive release of motile spermatozoa.
regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import across plasma membrane.
The part of the cortical actin cytoskeleton that forms part of a macropinocytic cup.
negative regulation of protein localization to endosome
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endosome.
downregulation of protein localisation in endosome
down regulation of protein localisation in endosome
down-regulation of protein localisation in endosome
downregulation of protein localization in endosome
down regulation of protein localization in endosome
down-regulation of protein localization in endosome
downregulation of protein localization to endosome
down regulation of protein localization to endosome
down-regulation of protein localization to endosome
inhibition of protein localisation in endosome
inhibition of protein localization in endosome
inhibition of protein localization to endosome
negative regulation of protein localisation in endosome
negative regulation of protein localization in endosome
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a macropinocytic cup.
regulation of protein localization to endosome
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endosome.
regulation of protein localisation in endosome
regulation of protein localization in endosome
L-threonine catabolic process to propionate
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound propionate.
threonine catabolic process to propionate
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule end.
OBSOLETE. A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3 and plays an essential role in retinoic-acid-induced granulopoiesis. MLL5 is the catalytic methyltransferase subunit, and the complex also contains serine/threonine kinase 38 (STK38), protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunits, the host cell factor-1 N-terminal subunit, beta-actin, and O-GlcNAc transferase; the human genes encoding the subunits are MLL5, STK38, PPP1CA, PPP1CB, PPP1CC, HCFC1, ACTB and OGT, respectively.
positive regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trypanothione biosynthetic process.
activation of trypanothione biosynthesis
activation of trypanothione biosynthetic process
positive regulation of trypanothione anabolism
positive regulation of trypanothione biosynthesis
positive regulation of trypanothione formation
positive regulation of trypanothione synthesis
up regulation of trypanothione anabolism
up-regulation of trypanothione anabolism
upregulation of trypanothione biosynthesis
up regulation of trypanothione biosynthesis
up-regulation of trypanothione biosynthesis
upregulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process
up regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process
up-regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process
up regulation of trypanothione formation
up-regulation of trypanothione formation
up regulation of trypanothione synthesis
up-regulation of trypanothione synthesis
A dimeric positive transcription elongation factor complex b that comprises a cyclin-dependent kinase containing the catalytic subunit, Cdk9, and a regulatory subunit, cyclin T.
cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (Cdk9)-cyclin T1 complex
cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (Cdk9)-cyclin T2 complex
dimeric positive transcription elongation factor complex b
L-threonine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) into glycine and acetaldehyde, with acetaldehyde being subsequently converted to acetyl-CoA.
threonine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA
A protein complex that is formed by the association of positive transcription elongation factor complex b (P-TEFb) with the mRNA capping methyltransferase.
Any microtubule end that is part of a mitotic spindle astral microtubule.
A positive transcription elongation factor complex that comprises the CDK kinase CTK1 (in budding yeast), Lsk1 (in fission yeast) (corresponding to the Panther PTHR24056:SF39 family), a cyclin and an additional gamma subunit (corresponding to the InterPRO entry IPR024638).
trimeric positive transcription elongation factor complex b
Any microtubule bundle that is part of a cytoplasm.
A protein complex that is composed of AKTIP/FTS, FAM160A2/p107FHIP, and one or more members of the Hook family of proteins, HOOK1, HOOK2, and HOOK3. The complex is thought to promote vesicle trafficking and/or fusion, and associates with the homotypic vesicular sorting complex (the HOPS complex).
negative regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trypanothione biosynthetic process.
downregulation of trypanothione anabolism
down regulation of trypanothione anabolism
down-regulation of trypanothione anabolism
downregulation of trypanothione biosynthesis
down regulation of trypanothione biosynthesis
down-regulation of trypanothione biosynthesis
downregulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process
down regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process
down-regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process
downregulation of trypanothione formation
down regulation of trypanothione formation
down-regulation of trypanothione formation
downregulation of trypanothione synthesis
down regulation of trypanothione synthesis
down-regulation of trypanothione synthesis
inhibition of trypanothione biosynthesis
inhibition of trypanothione biosynthetic process
negative regulation of trypanothione anabolism
negative regulation of trypanothione biosynthesis
negative regulation of trypanothione formation
negative regulation of trypanothione synthesis
deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate N-glycosidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate + H2O = deoxyribose 5-monophosphate + a purine or pyrimidine base.
deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphate N-glycosidase activity
regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trypanothione biosynthetic process.
regulation of trypanothione biosynthesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cornification.
transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase binding
Binding to a receptor that spans a cell membrane and possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cornification.
protein localization to perinuclear region of cytoplasm
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm.
protein localisation in perinuclear region of cytoplasm
protein localisation to perinuclear region of cytoplasm
protein localization in perinuclear region of cytoplasm
protein localization to perinuclear cytoplasm
obsolete mitotic spindle astral microtubule end
OBSOLETE. Any microtubule end that is part of a mitotic spindle astral microtubule.
An extracellular region part that consists of a protective layer of mucus secreted by epithelial cells lining tubular organs of the body such as the colon or secreted into fluids such as saliva. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins (i.e. highly glycosylated mucin proteins) and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes.
obsolete mitochondrial calcium uptake involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
OBSOLETE. Any mitochondrial calcium uptake that is involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
bone morphogenetic protein receptor binding
cellular response to phosphatidylethanolamine
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phosphatidylethanolamine stimulus.
cellular response to phosphatidyl(amino)ethanols
cellular response to phosphatidylethanolamines
The outer of two mucus layers secreted by epithelial cells in the colon; the outer mucus layer is loosely packed and can be colonized by bacteria.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cornification.
The inner of two mucus layers secreted by epithelial cells in the colon; the inner mucus layer is firmly attached to the epithelium, is densely packed with a compact stratified appearance and is devoid of bacteria.
obsolete mitochondrial calcium release involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
OBSOLETE. Any mitochondrial calcium release that is involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of one or more nucleotides.
negative regulation of membrane permeability
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by a membrane.
Catalysis of the introduction of a double bond into a sterol molecule.
regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
Any process that modulates the location, frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.
The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a dinucleotide.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phosphatidylethanolamine stimulus.
The modification of an RNA molecule by removal of a single nucleotide.
positive regulation of membrane permeability
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by a membrane.
The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a guanosine nucleotide.
obsolete cellular response to paclitaxel
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paclitaxel stimulus.
The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a cytidine nucleotide.
positive regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory synapse assembly.
activation of inhibitory synapse assembly
activation of inhibitory synapse formation
positive regulation of inhibitory synapse formation
upregulation of inhibitory synapse assembly
up regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly
up-regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly
upregulation of inhibitory synapse formation
up regulation of inhibitory synapse formation
up-regulation of inhibitory synapse formation
The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an adenosine-uridine dinucleotide.
negative regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport.
The modification of an RNA molecule by removal of a uridine nucleotide.
regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport.
The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an guanosine-cytidine dinucleotide.
positive regulation of xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xenobiotic transmembrane export. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
positive regulation of drug transmembrane export
positive regulation of xenobiotic transmembrane export
upregulation of drug transmembrane export
up regulation of drug transmembrane export
up-regulation of drug transmembrane export
The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an cytidine-uridine dinucleotide.
negative regulation of xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xenobiotic transmembrane export. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
downregulation of drug transmembrane export
down regulation of drug transmembrane export
down-regulation of drug transmembrane export
negative regulation of drug transmembrane export
negative regulation of xenobiotic transmembrane export
sodium-dependent organic cation transport
The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory synapse assembly.
downregulation of inhibitory synapse assembly
down regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly
down-regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly
downregulation of inhibitory synapse formation
down regulation of inhibitory synapse formation
down-regulation of inhibitory synapse formation
inhibition of inhibitory synapse assembly
inhibition of inhibitory synapse formation
negative regulation of inhibitory synapse formation
The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an guanosine-uridine insertion dinucleotide.
regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory synapse assembly.
regulation of inhibitory synapse formation
Binding to a stretch of purines (adenine or guanine) in an RNA molecule.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polysome binding.
negative regulation of polyribosome binding
mismatch repair involved in maintenance of fidelity involved in DNA-dependent DNA replication
A mismatch repair process that corrects errors introduced that ensures the accuracy of DNA replication.
mismatch repair involved in maintenance of fidelity during DNA-dependent DNA replication
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polysome binding.
alphaPDGFR-PLC-gamma-1-PI3K-SHP-2 complex
A protein complex that contains the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR; PDGFRA), phospholipase C-gamma-1 (PLC-gamma-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the adaptor protein SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.
PDGFRA-PLC-gamma-1-PI3K-SHP-2 complex, PDGF stimulated
regulation of xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xenobiotic transmembrane export. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
regulation of xenobiotic transmembrane export
A protein complex that contains the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR; PDGFRA) and the adaptor protein SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polysome binding.
positive regulation of polyribosome binding
A transcription factor complex that consists of a Stat1-Stat2 heterodimer and the IRF9 protein.
interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 transcription complex
negative regulation of primary cell septum biogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of primary cell septum biogenesis.
A protein complex that contains the receptor adaptor proteins Grb2 and SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.
regulation of primary cell septum biogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of primary cell septum biogenesis.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.
Any microtubule that is part of a post-anaphase microtubule array.
microtubule of post-anaphase microtubule array
microtubuli of post-anaphase microtubule array
microtubulus of post-anaphase microtubule array
neurotubule of post-anaphase microtubule array
A transcriptional repressor complex that consists of a heterodimer of the proteins Tle3 (also known as Grg3b) and Aes (Grg5), which are homologs of the Drosophila groucho gene product.
positive regulation of primary cell septum biogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of primary cell septum biogenesis.
A cytoplasmic part that appears as an electron-dense sphere of around 1.5 micron diameter containing Yb protein found in somatic cells of ovary and testis. There are one to two Yb bodies per cell.
positive regulation of argininosuccinate synthase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of argininosuccinate synthase activity.
activation of arginine succinate synthetase activity
activation of argininosuccinate synthase activity
activation of argininosuccinate synthetase activity
activation of argininosuccinic acid synthetase activity
activation of arginosuccinate synthetase activity
activation of citrulline--aspartate ligase activity
activation of L-citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
positive regulation of arginine succinate synthetase activity
positive regulation of argininosuccinate synthetase activity
positive regulation of argininosuccinic acid synthetase activity
positive regulation of arginosuccinate synthetase activity
positive regulation of citrulline--aspartate ligase activity
positive regulation of L-citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
upregulation of arginine succinate synthetase activity
up regulation of arginine succinate synthetase activity
up-regulation of arginine succinate synthetase activity
upregulation of argininosuccinate synthase activity
up regulation of argininosuccinate synthase activity
up-regulation of argininosuccinate synthase activity
upregulation of argininosuccinate synthetase activity
up regulation of argininosuccinate synthetase activity
up-regulation of argininosuccinate synthetase activity
upregulation of argininosuccinic acid synthetase activity
up regulation of argininosuccinic acid synthetase activity
up-regulation of argininosuccinic acid synthetase activity
upregulation of arginosuccinate synthetase activity
up regulation of arginosuccinate synthetase activity
up-regulation of arginosuccinate synthetase activity
upregulation of citrulline--aspartate ligase activity
up regulation of citrulline--aspartate ligase activity
up-regulation of citrulline--aspartate ligase activity
upregulation of L-citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
up regulation of L-citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
up-regulation of L-citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
A protein complex that acts as a receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs); a homo- or heterodimer of type I and/or type II BMP receptor subunits.
bone morphogenetic protein receptor complex
regulation of argininosuccinate synthase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of argininosuccinate synthase activity.
regulation of arginine succinate synthetase activity
regulation of argininosuccinate synthetase activity
regulation of argininosuccinic acid synthetase activity
regulation of arginosuccinate synthetase activity
regulation of citrulline--aspartate ligase activity
regulation of L-citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.
protein localization to cytoplasmic microtubule
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytoplasmic microtubule.
protein localisation to cytoplasmic microtubule
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells.
Any nucleus that is part of a ascospore-type prospore.
The directed movement of a cyclic nucleotide, any nucleotide in which phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue, into, out of or within a cell.
regulation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport.
Binding to 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.
The developmental process by which a hard palate is generated and organized.
The directed movement of cyclic GMP (cGMP), into, out of or within a cell.
positive regulation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport.
activation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport
upregulation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport
up regulation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport
up-regulation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport
The directed movement of cyclic AMP (cAMP), into, out of or within a cell.
negative regulation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport.
downregulation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport
down regulation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport
down-regulation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport
inhibition of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein = diphosphate + adenylyl-protein; mediates the addition of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) to specific residues of target proteins.
adenosine monophosphate-protein transferase activity
negative regulation of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome.
An organelle envelope that surrounds the chromosomes and the central part of the spindle apparatus during mitosis and meiosis; observed in many invertebrates. The spindle envelope consists of membrane layers, called parafusorial membranes, derived from endoplasmic reticulum membrane; in male meiosis it forms during prometaphase and persists until early in the ensuing interphase.
regulation of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome.
regulation of nuclear mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome
regulation of nuclear mRNA cis splicing, via U2-type spliceosome
Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a specific glutamate residue on a target protein.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of saliva secretion.
The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.
positive regulation of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome.
protein-glycine ligase activity, elongating
Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a glycine residue covalently attached to the gamma-carboxyl group of a glutamate residue on a target protein, resulting in the elongation of a polyglycine side chain.
calcium export from the mitochondrion involved in positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration
Any mitochondrial calcium release that is involved in positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration.
calcium ion transmembrane export from mitochondrion involved in positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration
mitochondrial calcium release involved in positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration
protein-glycine ligase activity, initiating
Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of a glycine residue to the gamma-carboxyl group(s) of one or more specific glutamate residues on a target protein.
Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamate residues to a specific residue on a target protein.
calcium import into the mitochondrion involved in negative regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration
Any mitochondrial calcium uptake that is involved in negative regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration.
calcium ion transmembrane import into mitochondrion involved in negative regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration
mitochondrial calcium uptake involved in negative regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration
Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a specific glutamate residue on a target tubulin molecule; acts on alpha or beta tubulin.
Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex
A protein complex which is capable of Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.
positive regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-proline import across plasma membrane.
Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamate residues to the gamma-carboxyl group(s) of one or more specific glutamate residues on a tubulin molecule.
negative regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-proline import across plasma membrane.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-23 alpha (p19, product of the IL23A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta (p40, product of the IL12B gene) subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
Binding to a C2H2-type zinc finger domain of a protein. The C2H2 zinc finger is the classical zinc finger domain, in which two conserved cysteines and histidines co-ordinate a zinc ion.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha subunit (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-27p28 subunit (product of the IL27 gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
Combining with interleukin-35 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-proline import across plasma membrane.
The appearance of interleukin-35 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
positive regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch.
activation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch
activation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus
activation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
activation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
activation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
activation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
activation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
positive regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus
positive regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
positive regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
positive regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
positive regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
positive regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
upregulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch
up regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch
up-regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch
upregulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus
up regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus
up-regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus
upregulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
up regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
up-regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
upregulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
up regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
up-regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
upregulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
up regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
up-regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
upregulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
up regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
up-regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
upregulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
up regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
up-regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
negative regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch.
downregulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch
down regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch
down-regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch
downregulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus
down regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus
down-regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus
downregulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
down regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
down-regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
downregulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
down regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
down-regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
downregulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
down regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
down-regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
downregulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
down regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
down-regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
downregulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
down regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
down-regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
inhibition of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch
inhibition of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus
inhibition of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
inhibition of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
inhibition of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
inhibition of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
inhibition of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
negative regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus
negative regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
negative regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
negative regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
negative regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
negative regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
negative regulation of interleukin-35 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
downregulation of interleukin-35 production
down regulation of interleukin-35 production
down-regulation of interleukin-35 production
negative regulation of interleukin-35 biosynthetic process
negative regulation of mechanosensory behavior
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.
downregulation of behavioral response to mechanical stimulus
down regulation of behavioral response to mechanical stimulus
down-regulation of behavioral response to mechanical stimulus
downregulation of behavioural response to mechanical stimulus
down regulation of behavioural response to mechanical stimulus
down-regulation of behavioural response to mechanical stimulus
downregulation of mechanosensory behavior
down regulation of mechanosensory behavior
down-regulation of mechanosensory behavior
downregulation of mechanosensory behaviour
down regulation of mechanosensory behaviour
down-regulation of mechanosensory behaviour
inhibition of behavioral response to mechanical stimulus
inhibition of behavioural response to mechanical stimulus
negative regulation of behavioral response to mechanical stimulus
negative regulation of behavioural response to mechanical stimulus
negative regulation of mechanosensory behaviour
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
regulation of interleukin-35 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.
regulation of behavioral response to mechanical stimulus
regulation of behavioural response to mechanical stimulus
interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-35 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
interleukin-35-mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process.
positive regulation of interleukin-35 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-35 biosynthetic process
stimulation of interleukin-35 production
upregulation of interleukin-35 production
up regulation of interleukin-35 production
up-regulation of interleukin-35 production
regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process.
negative regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway.
negative regulation of IL-35-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signalling pathway
regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch.
regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus
regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of IL-35-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signalling pathway
positive regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains a precursor small nucleolar RNA (pre-snoRNA) and associated proteins, and forms during small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex (snoRNP) assembly. Pre-snoRNP complexes may contain proteins not found in the corresponding mature snoRNP complexes.
pre-small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex
negative regulation of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface.
downregulation of externalization of phosphatidylserine
down regulation of externalization of phosphatidylserine
down-regulation of externalization of phosphatidylserine
downregulation of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface
down regulation of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface
down-regulation of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface
inhibition of externalization of phosphatidylserine
inhibition of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface
negative regulation of externalization of phosphatidylserine
positive regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of IL-35-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signalling pathway
regulation of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface.
regulation of externalization of phosphatidylserine
A protein complex that consists of homodimer of the Notch ligand Delta1.
obsolete CENP-A containing nucleosome disassembly
OBSOLETE. The disaggregation of a CENP-A containing nucleosome into its constituent components.
A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that spans the nuclear membrane and anchors the NPC to the nuclear envelope. In S. cerevisiae, the transmembrane ring is composed of Pom152p, Pom34p, and Ndc1p. In vertebrates, it is composed of Gp210, Ndc1, and Pom121. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometime referred to as the Ndc1 complex.
positive regulation of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface.
activation of externalization of phosphatidylserine
activation of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface
positive regulation of externalization of phosphatidylserine
upregulation of externalization of phosphatidylserine
up regulation of externalization of phosphatidylserine
up-regulation of externalization of phosphatidylserine
upregulation of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface
up regulation of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface
up-regulation of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface
A protein complex that has aspartic-type endopeptidase activity and contains a presenilin catalytic subunit (either PSEN1 or PSEN2), an APH1 subunit (multiple genes and splice variants exist), nicastrin (NCT), and presenilin enhancer (aka PEN-2 or Psenen), as the core complex. Variants of the complex with different subunit compositions differ in localization and specific substrates. Additionally, variants of the complex exist that contain a additional regulatory subunit as well as the four core subunits; known regulatory subunits include gamma-secretase-activating protein (aka gSAP), TMP1 (aka TMED10), and CD147 antigen (aka basigin). Gamma-secretase cleaves type I transmembrane protein substrates, including the cell surface receptor Notch and the amyloid-beta precursor protein.
CD147-gamma-secretase complex (APH-1a, PS-1, PEN-2, NCT variant)
gamma-secretase complex (APH1A, PSEN1, PSENEN, NCSTN variant)
gamma-secretase complex (APH1A, PSEN2, PSENEN, NCSTN)
gamma-secretase complex (APH1B, PSEN1, PSENEN, NCSTN)
gamma-secretase complex (APH1B, PSEN2, PSENEN, NCSTN)
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exonuclease activity.
A protein complex that is formed by the association of the Notch ligand Delta1 with the gamma-secretase complex.
positive regulation of DNA helicase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity.
activation of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
positive regulation of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
upregulation of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
up regulation of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
up-regulation of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
A protein complex that contains BRCA1 and Rad 51, and is involved in the control of recombination and of genome integrity.
positive regulation of exonuclease activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exonuclease activity.
positive regulation of exonuclease IX activity
up regulation of exonuclease IX activity
up-regulation of exonuclease IX activity
endobrevin-synaptobrevin 2-alpha-SNAP-NSF-syntaxin-4 complex
A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), alpha-SNAP, NSF, and syntaxin 4 (or orthologs thereof).
SNARE complex (Stx4, Napa, Vamp3, Nsf, Vamp2)
negative regulation of exonuclease activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exonuclease activity.
downregulation of exonuclease IX activity
down regulation of exonuclease IX activity
down-regulation of exonuclease IX activity
negative regulation of exonuclease IX activity
A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to CIB, a protein that binds calcium as well as the alphaIIb-beta3 integrin.
Binding to 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine an oxidized purine residue found in damaged DNA.
synaptotagmin-synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-syntaxin-1b-Unc13 complex
A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, and Unc13b (or orthologs thereof).
Snap25-Syt1-Unc13b-Vamp2-Stx1b2-Stx1a complex
SNARE complex (Snap25, Syt1, Unc13b, Vamp2, Stx1b2, Stx1a)
positive regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation.
activation of mesodermal cell differentiation
activation of mesoderm cell differentiation
positive regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation
upregulation of mesodermal cell differentiation
up regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation
up-regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation
upregulation of mesoderm cell differentiation
up regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation
up-regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation
alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-CD47-Src complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47 and the kinase c-Src.
negative regulation of DNA helicase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity.
downregulation of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
down regulation of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
down-regulation of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
down regulation of DNA helicase activity
down-regulation of DNA helicase activity
inhibition of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
negative regulation of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-CD47-FAK complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47 and the kinase FAK.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity.
regulation of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
protein-N-terminal glutamine amidohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-terminal L-glutaminyl-[protein] + H2O = N-terminal L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH3. This reaction is the deamidation of an N-terminal glutamine residue of a protein.
positive regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding.
activation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding
upregulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding
up regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding
up-regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding
A class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase subunit (Fab1p in yeast; PIKfyve in mammals), a kinase activator, and a phosphatase, and may also contain additional proteins; it is involved in regulating the synthesis and turnover of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate. In mammals the complex is composed of PIKFYVE, FIG4 and VAC14. In yeast it is composed of Atg18p, Fig4p, Fab1p, Vac14p and Vac7p.
autophagy-specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex
negative regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding.
downregulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding
down regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding
down-regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding
inhibition of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding
A multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histone H3.
negative regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation.
downregulation of mesodermal cell differentiation
down regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation
down-regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation
downregulation of mesoderm cell differentiation
down regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation
down-regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation
inhibition of mesodermal cell differentiation
inhibition of mesoderm cell differentiation
negative regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation
Catalysis of the reaction: a phytoceramide + H2O = a fatty acid + phytosphingosine.
regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation.
regulation of mesoderm cell differentiation
The directed movement of D-aspartate, the D-enantiomer of the anion of (2R)-2-aminobutanedioic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere.
downregulation of protection from NHEJ-mediated telomere fusion
down regulation of protection from NHEJ-mediated telomere fusion
down-regulation of protection from NHEJ-mediated telomere fusion
downregulation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere
down regulation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere
down-regulation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere
inhibition of protection from NHEJ-mediated telomere fusion
inhibition of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere
negative regulation of protection from NHEJ-mediated telomere fusion
MOZ/MORF histone acetyltransferase complex
A histone acetyltransferase complex that has histone H3 acetyltransferase and coactivator activities. Subunits of the human complex include MYST3/MOZ, MYST4/MORF, ING5, EAF6 and one of BRPF1, BRD1/BRPF2 and BRPF3.
regulation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere.
regulation of protection from NHEJ-mediated telomere fusion
D-aspartate import across plasma membrane
The directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding.
The directed movement of L-aspartate across a membrane.
positive regulation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere.
activation of protection from NHEJ-mediated telomere fusion
activation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere
positive regulation of protection from NHEJ-mediated telomere fusion
upregulation of protection from NHEJ-mediated telomere fusion
up regulation of protection from NHEJ-mediated telomere fusion
up-regulation of protection from NHEJ-mediated telomere fusion
upregulation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere
up regulation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere
up-regulation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.
Binding to a SCF ubiquitin ligase complex.
Cul1-RING ubiquitin ligase complex binding
SCF complex substrate recognition subunit binding
dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O = dihydrosphingosine + phosphate.
dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity
sphinganine-1-phosphate phosphatase activity
Any microtubule end that is part of a post-anaphase array microtubule.
microtubule end of microtubule of post-anaphase array
microtubule end of microtubule of post-anaphase microtubule array
microtubule end of microtubuli of post-anaphase array
microtubule end of microtubuli of post-anaphase microtubule array
microtubule end of microtubulus of post-anaphase array
microtubule end of microtubulus of post-anaphase microtubule array
microtubule end of neurotubule of post-anaphase array
microtubule end of neurotubule of post-anaphase microtubule array
microtubule end of post-anaphase array microtubule
growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells
A filamentous growth process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium such as an agar plate, exhibited by unicellular fungi under certain growth conditions.
phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface
A phospholipid scrambling process that results in the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of an apoptotic cell, which acts as an 'eat-me' signal for engulfing cells. Phosphatidylserine is exposed on the apoptotic cell surface by a phospholipid scramblase activity.
negative regulation of growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.
positive regulation of chromosome condensation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation.
activation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation
activation of nuclear chromosome condensation
positive regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation
positive regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation
up regulation of chromosome condensation
up-regulation of chromosome condensation
upregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation
up regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation
up-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation
upregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation
up regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation
up-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation
regulation of growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.
positive regulation of chromosome separation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome separation.
positive regulation of chromatid release
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the conidiophore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.
negative regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation.
downregulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation
down regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation
down-regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation
inhibition of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation
positive regulation of growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.
regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of metulae over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.
positive regulation of dorsal/ventral axon guidance
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dorsal/ventral axon guidance.
activation of dorsal/ventral axon guidance
activation of dorsal/ventral axon pathfinding
activation of dorsal-ventral axon guidance
activation of dorsoventral axon guidance
positive regulation of dorsal/ventral axon pathfinding
positive regulation of dorsal-ventral axon guidance
positive regulation of dorsoventral axon guidance
upregulation of dorsal/ventral axon guidance
up regulation of dorsal/ventral axon guidance
up-regulation of dorsal/ventral axon guidance
upregulation of dorsal/ventral axon pathfinding
up regulation of dorsal/ventral axon pathfinding
up-regulation of dorsal/ventral axon pathfinding
upregulation of dorsal-ventral axon guidance
up regulation of dorsal-ventral axon guidance
up-regulation of dorsal-ventral axon guidance
upregulation of dorsoventral axon guidance
up regulation of dorsoventral axon guidance
up-regulation of dorsoventral axon guidance
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the conidiophore stalk over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.
negative regulation of dorsal/ventral axon guidance
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dorsal/ventral axon guidance.
downregulation of dorsal/ventral axon guidance
down regulation of dorsal/ventral axon guidance
down-regulation of dorsal/ventral axon guidance
downregulation of dorsal/ventral axon pathfinding
down regulation of dorsal/ventral axon pathfinding
down-regulation of dorsal/ventral axon pathfinding
downregulation of dorsal-ventral axon guidance
down regulation of dorsal-ventral axon guidance
down-regulation of dorsal-ventral axon guidance
downregulation of dorsoventral axon guidance
down regulation of dorsoventral axon guidance
down-regulation of dorsoventral axon guidance
inhibition of dorsal/ventral axon guidance
inhibition of dorsal/ventral axon pathfinding
inhibition of dorsal-ventral axon guidance
inhibition of dorsoventral axon guidance
negative regulation of dorsal/ventral axon pathfinding
negative regulation of dorsal-ventral axon guidance
negative regulation of dorsoventral axon guidance
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cleistothecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.
negative regulation of chromosome separation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome separation.
down regulation of chromosome separation
down-regulation of chromosome separation
negative regulation of chromatid release
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phialides over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip. Chains of conidia, or asexual spores, develop from the phialide tips.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome separation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.
negative regulation of motor neuron axon guidance
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron axon guidance.
downregulation of motoneuron axon guidance
down regulation of motoneuron axon guidance
down-regulation of motoneuron axon guidance
downregulation of motor axon pathfinding
down regulation of motor axon pathfinding
down-regulation of motor axon pathfinding
downregulation of motor neuron axon guidance
down regulation of motor neuron axon guidance
down-regulation of motor neuron axon guidance
inhibition of motor neuron axon guidance
negative regulation of motoneuron axon guidance
negative regulation of motor axon guidance
negative regulation of motor axon pathfinding
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Hulle cells over time, from their formation to the mature structures. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.
regulation of motor neuron axon guidance
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron axon guidance.
positive regulation of conidiophore development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.
regulation of dorsal/ventral axon guidance
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dorsal/ventral axon guidance.
regulation of dorsal/ventral axon pathfinding
regulation of dorsal-ventral axon guidance
regulation of dorsoventral axon guidance
negative regulation of conidiophore development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.
positive regulation of motor neuron axon guidance
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron axon guidance.
activation of motor neuron axon guidance
positive regulation of motoneuron axon guidance
positive regulation of motor axon guidance
positive regulation of motor axon pathfinding
upregulation of motoneuron axon guidance
up regulation of motoneuron axon guidance
up-regulation of motoneuron axon guidance
upregulation of motor neuron axon guidance
up regulation of motor neuron axon guidance
up-regulation of motor neuron axon guidance
negative regulation of cleistothecium development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.
negative regulation of synapse organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse organization.
down regulation of synapse morphogenesis
down-regulation of synapse morphogenesis
downregulation of synapse organization and biogenesis
down regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis
down-regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis
inhibition of synapse organization and biogenesis
negative regulation of synapse development
negative regulation of synapse morphogenesis
negative regulation of synapse organisation
negative regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis
regulation of cleistothecium development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse pruning.
regulation of conidiophore stalk development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.
negative regulation of excitatory synapse pruning
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory synapse pruning.
downregulation of excitatory synapse disassembly
down regulation of excitatory synapse disassembly
down-regulation of excitatory synapse disassembly
inhibition of excitatory synapse disassembly
positive regulation of cleistothecium development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.
regulation of excitatory synapse pruning
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory synapse pruning.
positive regulation of conidiophore stalk development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.
The disaggregation of an excitatory synapse into its constituent components.
negative regulation of conidiophore stalk development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.
positive regulation of cellular response to manganese ion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to manganese ion.
activation of cellular response to manganese
activation of cellular response to manganese ion
positive regulation of cellular response to manganese
upregulation of cellular response to manganese
up regulation of cellular response to manganese
up-regulation of cellular response to manganese
upregulation of cellular response to manganese ion
up regulation of cellular response to manganese ion
up-regulation of cellular response to manganese ion
negative regulation of metula development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse pruning.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse pruning.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.
positive regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary retrograde transport.
activation of intraciliary retrograde transport
activation of intraflagellar retrograde transport
positive regulation of intraflagellar retrograde transport
upregulation of intraciliary retrograde transport
up regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport
up-regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport
upregulation of intraflagellar retrograde transport
up regulation of intraflagellar retrograde transport
up-regulation of intraflagellar retrograde transport
positive regulation of metula development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.
negative regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary retrograde transport.
downregulation of intraciliary retrograde transport
down regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport
down-regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport
downregulation of intraflagellar retrograde transport
down regulation of intraflagellar retrograde transport
down-regulation of intraflagellar retrograde transport
inhibition of intraciliary retrograde transport
inhibition of intraflagellar retrograde transport
negative regulation of intraflagellar retrograde transport
positive regulation of phialide development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.
negative regulation of cellular response to manganese ion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to manganese ion.
downregulation of cellular response to manganese
down regulation of cellular response to manganese
down-regulation of cellular response to manganese
downregulation of cellular response to manganese ion
down regulation of cellular response to manganese ion
down-regulation of cellular response to manganese ion
inhibition of cellular response to manganese
inhibition of cellular response to manganese ion
negative regulation of cellular response to manganese
negative regulation of phialide development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.
regulation of cellular response to manganese ion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to manganese ion.
regulation of cellular response to manganese
negative regulation of Hulle cell development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.
negative regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary anterograde transport.
downregulation of intraciliary anterograde transport
down regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport
down-regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport
downregulation of intraflagellar anterograde transport
down regulation of intraflagellar anterograde transport
down-regulation of intraflagellar anterograde transport
inhibition of intraciliary anterograde transport
inhibition of intraflagellar anterograde transport
negative regulation of intraflagellar anterograde transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.
regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary anterograde transport.
regulation of intraflagellar anterograde transport
glycerol-2-phosphate transmembrane transport
The process in which glycerol-2-phosphate is transported across a membrane. Glycerol-2-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary retrograde transport.
regulation of intraflagellar retrograde transport
positive regulation of Hulle cell development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.
positive regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary anterograde transport.
activation of intraciliary anterograde transport
activation of intraflagellar anterograde transport
positive regulation of intraflagellar anterograde transport
upregulation of intraciliary anterograde transport
up regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport
up-regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport
upregulation of intraflagellar anterograde transport
up regulation of intraflagellar anterograde transport
up-regulation of intraflagellar anterograde transport
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen sulfide, H2S.
protein localization to pericentriolar material
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a pericentriolar material.
protein localisation in pericentriolar material
protein localisation to pericentriolar material
protein localization in pericentriolar material
positive regulation of mechanosensory behavior
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.
activation of behavioral response to mechanical stimulus
activation of behavioural response to mechanical stimulus
positive regulation of behavioral response to mechanical stimulus
positive regulation of behavioural response to mechanical stimulus
positive regulation of mechanosensory behaviour
upregulation of behavioral response to mechanical stimulus
up regulation of behavioral response to mechanical stimulus
up-regulation of behavioral response to mechanical stimulus
upregulation of behavioural response to mechanical stimulus
up regulation of behavioural response to mechanical stimulus
up-regulation of behavioural response to mechanical stimulus
up regulation of mechanosensory behavior
up-regulation of mechanosensory behavior
upregulation of mechanosensory behaviour
up regulation of mechanosensory behaviour
up-regulation of mechanosensory behaviour
Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.
peptidyllysine, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase activity
peptidyl-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate: oxygen oxidoreductase activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a puromycin stimulus.
cellular response to 3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyl-3'-(O-methyl-L-tyrosinamido)adenosine
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen sulfide, H2S.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a puromycin stimulus.
response to 3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyl-3'-(O-methyl-L-tyrosinamido)adenosine
P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex localization
Any process in which the P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex localization
P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex localisation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate binding.
obsolete phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group on to an amino acid residue in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Typically, this occurs during the transcription cycle and results in production of an RNA polymerase II enzyme where the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit is extensively phosphorylated, often referred to as hyperphosphorylated or the II(0) form. Specific types of phosphorylation within the CTD are usually associated with specific regions of genes, though there are exceptions. The phosphorylation state regulates the association of specific complexes such as the capping enzyme or 3'-RNA processing machinery to the elongating RNA polymerase complex.
positive regulation of backward locomotion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of backward locomotion.
menaquinone-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrinogen IX + menaquinone = protoporphyrin IX + reduced menaquinone.
protoporphyrinogen-IX:menaquinone oxidoreductase activity
positive regulation of heparan sulfate binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate binding.
up regulation of heparan sulfate binding
up-regulation of heparan sulfate binding
Catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrinogen IX + acceptor = protoporphyrin IX + reduced acceptor.
negative regulation of heparan sulfate binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate binding.
downregulation of heparan sulfate binding
down regulation of heparan sulfate binding
down-regulation of heparan sulfate binding
The lipid bilayer surrounding a tertiary granule.
negative regulation of forward locomotion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of forward locomotion.
A secretory granule that contains cathepsin and gelatinase and is readily exocytosed upon cell activation; found primarily in mature neutrophil cells.
positive regulation of cellular response to oxidopamine
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidopamine.
activation of cellular response to oxidopamine
upregulation of cellular response to oxidopamine
up regulation of cellular response to oxidopamine
up-regulation of cellular response to oxidopamine
A tetrameric histone deacetylase complex that contains a Class II deacetylase catalytic subunit. In S. cerevisiae it is composed of two Hda1p subunits along with Hda2p and Hda3p.
negative regulation of backward locomotion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of backward locomotion.
Any of a number of evolutionarily conserved histone deacetylase complexes (HDACs) containing a core consisting of a paired amphipathic helix motif protein (e.g. Sin3p in S. cerevisiae, Pst1 in S. pombe or Sin3A in mammals) at least one class I histone deacetylase (e.g. Rpd3p in S. cerevisiae, Clr6 in S. pombe, or HDAC1 and HDAC2 in mammals), and at least one WD40 repeat protein (e.g. Ume1p in S. cerevisiae, Prw1 in S. pombe, or RbAp46 and RbAp48 in mammals). These complexes also contain a variable number of other proteins that direct histone binding, DNA binding, or add other functionality to the complex.
positive regulation of forward locomotion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of forward locomotion.
A single cone-shaped specialization that forms an opening in the egg chorion that allows sperm entry into the egg prior to fertilization.
positive regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation.
activation of cellular response to gamma radiation
activation of cellular response to gamma ray
activation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon
positive regulation of cellular response to gamma ray
positive regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon
upregulation of cellular response to gamma radiation
up regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation
up-regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation
upregulation of cellular response to gamma ray
up regulation of cellular response to gamma ray
up-regulation of cellular response to gamma ray
upregulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon
up regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon
up-regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon
A histone deacetylase complex that contains a core of four proteins -- Clr1, Clr2, Clr3, and Mit1 in fission yeast -- and localizes to all heterochromatic regions in the genome as well as some euchromatic sites. The complex is involved in regulating nucleosome positioning to assemble higher-order chromatin structures.
negative regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation.
downregulation of cellular response to gamma radiation
down regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation
down-regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation
downregulation of cellular response to gamma ray
down regulation of cellular response to gamma ray
down-regulation of cellular response to gamma ray
downregulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon
down regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon
down-regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon
inhibition of cellular response to gamma radiation
inhibition of cellular response to gamma ray
inhibition of cellular response to gamma-ray photon
negative regulation of cellular response to gamma ray
negative regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon
OBSOLETE. The chromatin organization process that preserves chromatin in a stable functional or structural state.
negative regulation of cellular response to oxidopamine
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidopamine.
downregulation of cellular response to oxidopamine
down regulation of cellular response to oxidopamine
down-regulation of cellular response to oxidopamine
inhibition of cellular response to oxidopamine
A cytoplasmic protein complex that contains integrin, mobilferrin and a flavin monooxygenase, is capable of reducing Fe(III) to Fe(II) utilizing NADPH, and is involved in iron transport. Fe(II) is required in the cell as the substrate for ferrochelatase in the synthesis of heme.
regulation of cellular response to oxidopamine
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidopamine.
OBSOLETE. The chromatin organization process that preserves heterochromatin in a stable functional or structural state.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxidopamine stimulus.
Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.
positive regulation of telomeric D-loop disassembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric D-loop disassembly.
activation of telomeric D-loop disassembly
upregulation of telomeric D-loop disassembly
up regulation of telomeric D-loop disassembly
up-regulation of telomeric D-loop disassembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a basement membrane, a part of the extracellular region that consists of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue.
regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation.
regulation of cellular response to gamma ray
regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction, an occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxidopamine stimulus.
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via CDP-N-methylethanolamine
The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with an initial N-methylation with phospho-base phosphoethanolamine, followed by two downstream N-methylations on phosphatidyl-bases, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine. The process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triterpenoid stimulus.
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate and CDP-choline
The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with three consecutive N-methylation steps that are carried out on phospho-bases, phosphoethanolamine, phospho-N-methylethanolamine, and phospho-N-dimethylethanolamine; the process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triterpenoid stimulus.
chromium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of chromium (Cr) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
negative regulation of telomeric D-loop disassembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric D-loop disassembly.
downregulation of telomeric D-loop disassembly
down regulation of telomeric D-loop disassembly
down-regulation of telomeric D-loop disassembly
inhibition of telomeric D-loop disassembly
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate and CDP-N-dimethylethanolamine
The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with two N-methylations with phospho-base phosphoethanolamine and phospho-N-methylethanolamine, followed by a downstream N-methylation on phosphatidyl-base phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine; the process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.
regulation of telomeric D-loop disassembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric D-loop disassembly.
The directed movement of dehydroascorbate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Dehydroascorbate, 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2,3,4(5H)-trione, is an oxidized form of vitamin C.
negative regulation of microtubule nucleation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule nucleation.
downregulation of microtubule nucleation
down regulation of microtubule nucleation
down-regulation of microtubule nucleation
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a caveola. A caveola is a plasma membrane raft that forms a small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spindle assembly.
activation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis
positive regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis
positive regulation of bipolar spindle formation
positive regulation of spindle biosynthesis
positive regulation of spindle formation
upregulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis
up regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis
up-regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis
upregulation of bipolar spindle formation
up regulation of bipolar spindle formation
up-regulation of bipolar spindle formation
cellular response to pyrimidine ribonucleotide
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide stimulus.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.
negative regulation of prostaglandin catabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin catabolic process.
downregulation of prostaglandin breakdown
down regulation of prostaglandin breakdown
down-regulation of prostaglandin breakdown
downregulation of prostaglandin catabolic process
down regulation of prostaglandin catabolic process
down-regulation of prostaglandin catabolic process
downregulation of prostaglandin catabolism
down regulation of prostaglandin catabolism
down-regulation of prostaglandin catabolism
downregulation of prostaglandin degradation
down regulation of prostaglandin degradation
down-regulation of prostaglandin degradation
inhibition of prostaglandin catabolic process
negative regulation of prostaglandin breakdown
negative regulation of prostaglandin catabolism
negative regulation of prostaglandin degradation
Binding to a dynein complex, a protein complex that contains two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and has microtubule motor activity.
regulation of prostaglandin catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin catabolic process.
The directed movement of misfolded proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spindle assembly.
downregulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis
down regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis
down-regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis
downregulation of bipolar spindle formation
down regulation of bipolar spindle formation
down-regulation of bipolar spindle formation
inhibition of bipolar spindle biosynthesis
negative regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis
negative regulation of bipolar spindle formation
negative regulation of spindle biosynthesis
negative regulation of spindle formation
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an aggresome; requires the microtubule cytoskeleton and dynein.
positive regulation of prostaglandin catabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin catabolic process.
activation of prostaglandin catabolic process
positive regulation of prostaglandin breakdown
positive regulation of prostaglandin catabolism
positive regulation of prostaglandin degradation
up regulation of prostaglandin breakdown
up-regulation of prostaglandin breakdown
upregulation of prostaglandin catabolic process
up regulation of prostaglandin catabolic process
up-regulation of prostaglandin catabolic process
upregulation of prostaglandin catabolism
up regulation of prostaglandin catabolism
up-regulation of prostaglandin catabolism
upregulation of prostaglandin degradation
up regulation of prostaglandin degradation
up-regulation of prostaglandin degradation
polyubiquitinated misfolded protein transport
The directed movement of misfolded polyubiquitinated proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell.
misfolded polyubiquitinated protein transport
polyubiquitylated misfolded protein transport
regulation of selenocysteine metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine metabolic process.
The directed movement of polyubiquitinated proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell.
positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation.
activation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation
upregulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation
up regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation
up-regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation
A protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The core mediator complex has a stimulatory effect on basal transcription, and contains most of the same subdomains as the larger form of mediator complex -- a head domain comprising proteins known in Saccharomyces as Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; and a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p -- but lacks the regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan core mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.
positive regulation of selenocysteine metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine metabolic process.
activation of selenocysteine metabolic process
positive regulation of selenocysteine metabolism
upregulation of selenocysteine metabolic process
up regulation of selenocysteine metabolic process
up-regulation of selenocysteine metabolic process
upregulation of selenocysteine metabolism
up regulation of selenocysteine metabolism
up-regulation of selenocysteine metabolism
The modification of an Hsp90 protein by removal of acetyl groups.
negative regulation of selenocysteine metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine metabolic process.
downregulation of selenocysteine metabolic process
down regulation of selenocysteine metabolic process
down-regulation of selenocysteine metabolic process
downregulation of selenocysteine metabolism
down regulation of selenocysteine metabolism
down-regulation of selenocysteine metabolism
inhibition of selenocysteine metabolic process
negative regulation of selenocysteine metabolism
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.
response to epidermal growth factor stimulus
positive regulation of triglyceride transport
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of triglyceride transport.
positive regulation of triacylglycerol transport
upregulation of triacylglycerol transport
up regulation of triacylglycerol transport
up-regulation of triacylglycerol transport
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.
negative regulation of triglyceride transport
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of triglyceride transport.
downregulation of triacylglycerol transport
down regulation of triacylglycerol transport
down-regulation of triacylglycerol transport
downregulation of triglyceride transport
down regulation of triglyceride transport
down-regulation of triglyceride transport
negative regulation of triacylglycerol transport
autoinducer AI-2 transmembrane transport
The process in which (2R,4S)-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-2,3,3,4-tetrol (autoinducer AI-2) is transported across a membrane. AI-2 is produced by prokaryotes and is believed to play a role in quorum sensing.
(2R,4S)-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-2,3,3,4-tetrol transmembrane transport
A protein complex that contains the transforming acidic coiled coil (TACC) protein and the TOG protein (Mia1p/Alp7p and Alp14, respectively, in fission yeast), and is involved in microtubule array remodeling as cells progress through the cell cycle. The TACC/TOG complex is conserved in eukaryotes, associates with microtubules, and shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm during interphase.
obsolete chromatin remodeling involved in meiosis I
OBSOLETE. Any chromatin remodeling that is involved in meiosis I.
Binding to a class VI myosin. The myosin VI heavy chain has a single IQ motif in the neck and a tail region with a coiled coil domain followed by a unique globular domain, a unique insertion that enables myosin VI to move towards the pointed or minus end of actin filaments.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis.
A neuron projection that is found in unipolar neurons and corresponds to the region between the cell body and the point at which the single projection branches.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis.
Binding to the head/neck region of a myosin VI heavy chain.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of triglyceride transport.
Binding to a heavy chain of a myosin VI complex.
OBSOLETE. Any cell wall that is part of a other organism.
regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
OBSOLETE. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an invadopodium.
Binding to a light chain of a myosin VI complex.
positive regulation of postsynaptic density organization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density organization.
activation of postsynaptic density organisation
activation of postsynaptic density organization
activation of post synaptic density organization
activation of post-synaptic density organization
positive regulation of postsynaptic density organisation
positive regulation of post synaptic density organization
positive regulation of post-synaptic density organization
upregulation of postsynaptic density organisation
up regulation of postsynaptic density organisation
up-regulation of postsynaptic density organisation
upregulation of postsynaptic density organization
upregulation of post synaptic density organization
upregulation of post-synaptic density organization
up regulation of postsynaptic density organization
up regulation of post synaptic density organization
up regulation of post-synaptic density organization
up-regulation of postsynaptic density organization
up-regulation of post synaptic density organization
up-regulation of post-synaptic density organization
positive regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
activation of bile acid biosynthetic process
positive regulation of bile acid anabolism
positive regulation of bile acid biosynthesis
positive regulation of bile acid formation
positive regulation of bile acid synthesis
stimulation of bile acid biosynthetic process
upregulation of bile acid biosynthetic process
up regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process
up-regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis.
negative regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
downregulation of bile acid biosynthetic process
down regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process
down-regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process
inhibition of bile acid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of bile acid anabolism
negative regulation of bile acid biosynthesis
negative regulation of bile acid formation
negative regulation of bile acid synthesis
OBSOLETE. The disaggregation of an invadopodium into its constituent components.
regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
regulation of protein export from endoplasmic reticulum
positive regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell leading edge.
activation of protein localisation in cell leading edge
activation of protein localisation to cell leading edge
activation of protein localization in cell leading edge
activation of protein localization to cell leading edge
positive regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge
positive regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge
positive regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge
upregulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge
up regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge
up-regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge
upregulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge
up regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge
up-regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge
upregulation of protein localization in cell leading edge
up regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge
up-regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge
upregulation of protein localization to cell leading edge
up regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge
up-regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge
A RNA polymerase I-specific transcription factor complex that is required for the transcription of rDNA by RNA polymerase I. In yeast the complex consists of Rrn6p, Rrn7p, and Rrn11p.
negative regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell leading edge.
downregulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge
down regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge
down-regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge
downregulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge
down regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge
down-regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge
downregulation of protein localization in cell leading edge
down regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge
down-regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge
downregulation of protein localization to cell leading edge
down regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge
down-regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge
inhibition of protein localisation in cell leading edge
inhibition of protein localisation to cell leading edge
inhibition of protein localization in cell leading edge
inhibition of protein localization to cell leading edge
negative regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge
negative regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge
negative regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge
positive regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
activation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum
positive regulation of protein exit from ER
positive regulation of protein export from endoplasmic reticulum
positive regulation of protein export from ER
stimulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum
upregulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum
up regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum
up-regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum
negative regulation of postsynaptic density organization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density organization.
downregulation of postsynaptic density organisation
down regulation of postsynaptic density organisation
down-regulation of postsynaptic density organisation
downregulation of postsynaptic density organization
downregulation of post synaptic density organization
downregulation of post-synaptic density organization
down regulation of postsynaptic density organization
down regulation of post synaptic density organization
down regulation of post-synaptic density organization
down-regulation of postsynaptic density organization
down-regulation of post synaptic density organization
down-regulation of post-synaptic density organization
inhibition of postsynaptic density organisation
inhibition of postsynaptic density organization
inhibition of post synaptic density organization
inhibition of post-synaptic density organization
negative regulation of postsynaptic density organisation
negative regulation of post synaptic density organization
negative regulation of post-synaptic density organization
negative regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
downregulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum
down regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum
down-regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum
inhibition of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum
negative regulation of protein exit from ER
negative regulation of protein export from endoplasmic reticulum
negative regulation of protein export from ER
regulation of postsynaptic density organization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density organization.
regulation of postsynaptic density organisation
regulation of post synaptic density organization
regulation of post-synaptic density organization
A cytoskeletal part that consists of a microfilament-rich cone that forms round each nucleus in a spermatogenic cyst and translocates the length of the cyst during sperm individualization.
negative regulation of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization.
downregulation of 3'-untranslated region-mediated mRNA stabilization
down regulation of 3'-untranslated region-mediated mRNA stabilization
down-regulation of 3'-untranslated region-mediated mRNA stabilization
downregulation of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization
down regulation of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization
down-regulation of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization
inhibition of 3'-untranslated region-mediated mRNA stabilization
inhibition of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization
negative regulation of 3'-untranslated region-mediated mRNA stabilization
A macromolecular complex that includes cytoskeletal components and part of the cell membrane. Forms at the nuclear end of a male germline syncytium, or cyst, and translocates the over the length of the syncytium in the course of sperm individualization. Each complex contains an array of 64 investment cones, one per nucleus, that move synchronously along the spermatogenic cyst.
regulation of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization.
regulation of 3'-untranslated region-mediated mRNA stabilization
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a mating projection tip.
mating projection membrane fusion domain
regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell leading edge.
regulation of protein localisation in cell leading edge
regulation of protein localisation to cell leading edge
regulation of protein localization in cell leading edge
Binding to a protein or protein complex in the presence of sterols.
positive regulation of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization.
activation of 3'-untranslated region-mediated mRNA stabilization
activation of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization
positive regulation of 3'-untranslated region-mediated mRNA stabilization
upregulation of 3'-untranslated region-mediated mRNA stabilization
up regulation of 3'-untranslated region-mediated mRNA stabilization
up-regulation of 3'-untranslated region-mediated mRNA stabilization
upregulation of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization
up regulation of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization
up-regulation of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization
negative regulation of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly.
downregulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly
down regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly
down-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly
downregulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation
down regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation
down-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation
downregulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly
down regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly
down-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly
downregulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation
down regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation
down-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation
downregulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly
down regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly
down-regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly
downregulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation
down regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation
down-regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation
downregulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly
down regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly
down-regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly
downregulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation
down regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation
down-regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation
downregulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly
down regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly
down-regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly
downregulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation
down regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation
down-regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation
downregulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly
down regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly
down-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly
downregulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation
down regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation
down-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation
downregulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly
down regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly
down-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly
downregulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation
down regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation
down-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation
downregulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly
down regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly
down-regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly
downregulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation
down regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation
down-regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation
inhibition of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly
inhibition of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation
inhibition of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly
inhibition of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation
inhibition of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly
inhibition of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation
inhibition of ATG1 kinase complex assembly
inhibition of ATG1 kinase complex formation
inhibition of Atg1p signalling complex assembly
inhibition of Atg1p signalling complex formation
inhibition of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly
inhibition of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation
inhibition of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly
inhibition of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation
inhibition of ULK1 signaling complex assembly
inhibition of ULK1 signaling complex formation
negative regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation
negative regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly
negative regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation
negative regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly
negative regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation
negative regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly
negative regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation
negative regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly
negative regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation
negative regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly
negative regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation
negative regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly
negative regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation
negative regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly
negative regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation
obsolete heterochromatin organization involved in chromatin silencing
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin and contributes to chromatin silencing.
regulation of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly.
regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation
regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly
regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation
regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly
regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation
regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly
regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation
regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly
regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation
regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly
regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation
regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly
regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation
regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly
regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation
cell wall organization involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
A process of cell wall organization that contributes to conjugation with cellular fusion.
cell wall organisation involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epididymis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
positive regulation of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly.
activation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly
activation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation
activation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly
activation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation
activation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly
activation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation
activation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly
activation of ATG1 kinase complex formation
activation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly
activation of Atg1p signalling complex formation
activation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly
activation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation
activation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly
activation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation
activation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly
activation of ULK1 signaling complex formation
positive regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation
positive regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly
positive regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation
positive regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly
positive regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation
positive regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly
positive regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation
positive regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly
positive regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation
positive regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly
positive regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation
positive regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly
positive regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation
positive regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly
positive regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation
upregulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly
up regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly
up-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly
upregulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation
up regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation
up-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation
upregulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly
up regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly
up-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly
upregulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation
up regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation
up-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation
upregulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly
up regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly
up-regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly
upregulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation
up regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation
up-regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation
upregulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly
up regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly
up-regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly
upregulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation
up regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation
up-regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation
upregulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly
up regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly
up-regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly
upregulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation
up regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation
up-regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation
upregulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly
up regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly
up-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly
upregulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation
up regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation
up-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation
upregulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly
up regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly
up-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly
upregulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation
up regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation
up-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation
upregulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly
up regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly
up-regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly
upregulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation
up regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation
up-regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation
regulation of glycogen metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an intranuclear rod.
positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding.
activation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
activation of heparin proteoglycan binding
positive regulation of heparin proteoglycan binding
upregulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
up regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
up-regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
upregulation of heparin proteoglycan binding
up regulation of heparin proteoglycan binding
up-regulation of heparin proteoglycan binding
positive regulation of glycogen metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen.
positive regulation of glycogen metabolism
OBSOLETE. A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an invadopodium.
negative regulation of glycogen metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen.
negative regulation of glycogen metabolism
A protein complex which is capable of ferroxidase activity.
A protein complex that binds to heme and to pri-miRNAs, and is required for the formation of a pre-microRNA (pre-miRNA), the initial step of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. The complex is composed of the double-stranded-RNA-specific RNase Drosha (also called RNASEN) and the RNA-binding protein DGCR8 (heme-free or heme-bound forms). Within the complex, DGCR8 function as a molecular anchor necessary for the recognition of pri-miRNA at dsRNA-ssRNA junction and directs RNASEN/Drosha to cleave the 3' and 5' strands of a stem-loop to release hairpin-shaped pre-miRNAs.
positive regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pentose-phosphate shunt.
A protein complex that functions downstream of the MRN complex to promote DNA repair and the G2/M checkpoint. The SOSS complex associates with single-stranded DNA at DNA lesions and is composed of SOSS-B (SOSS-B1/OBFC2B or SOSS-B2/OBFC2A), SOSS-A/INTS3 and SOSS-C/C9orf80.
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentose-phosphate shunt.
fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.
fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan metabolism
negative regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding.
downregulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
down regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
down-regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
downregulation of heparin proteoglycan binding
down regulation of heparin proteoglycan binding
down-regulation of heparin proteoglycan binding
inhibition of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
inhibition of heparin proteoglycan binding
negative regulation of heparin proteoglycan binding
Binding to a primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) transcript, an RNA molecule that is processed into a short hairpin-shaped structure called a pre-miRNA and finally into a functional miRNA. Both double-stranded and single-stranded regions of a pri-miRNA are required for binding.
regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding.
regulation of heparin proteoglycan binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline transport.
positive regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.
activation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
upregulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
up regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
up-regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.
fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan anabolism
fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan biosynthesis
fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan formation
fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan synthesis
negative regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.
downregulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
down regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
down-regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
inhibition of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
Binding to a precursor microRNA (pre-miRNA) transcript, a stem-loop-containing precursor of microRNA.
negative regulation of CoA-transferase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CoA-transferase activity.
downregulation of CoA-transferase activity
down regulation of CoA-transferase activity
down-regulation of CoA-transferase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CoA-transferase activity.
negative regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
downregulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade
down regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade
down-regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade
inhibition of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade
inhibition of NFAT protein import into nucleus
negative regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway
negative regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signalling cascade
negative regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus
termination of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade
negative regulation of calcium ion export across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion export across the plasma membrane.
downregulation of calcium ion efflux from cell
down regulation of calcium ion efflux from cell
down-regulation of calcium ion efflux from cell
downregulation of calcium ion export from cell
down regulation of calcium ion export from cell
down-regulation of calcium ion export from cell
inhibition of calcium ion efflux from cell
inhibition of calcium ion export from cell
negative regulation of calcium ion efflux from cell
negative regulation of calcium ion export from cell
regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway
regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signalling cascade
regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus
regulation of calcium ion export across plasma membrane
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion export across the plasma membrane.
regulation of calcium ion efflux from cell
regulation of calcium ion export from cell
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.
regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.
positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
activation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade
positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway
positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signalling cascade
positive regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus
stimulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade
upregulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade
up regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade
up-regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade
positive regulation of calcium ion export across plasma membrane
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion export across the plasma membrane.
activation of calcium ion efflux from cell
activation of calcium ion export from cell
positive regulation of calcium ion efflux from cell
positive regulation of calcium ion export from cell
upregulation of calcium ion efflux from cell
up regulation of calcium ion efflux from cell
up-regulation of calcium ion efflux from cell
upregulation of calcium ion export from cell
up regulation of calcium ion export from cell
up-regulation of calcium ion export from cell
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet alpha granule. A platelet alpha granule is a secretory organelle found in blood platelets.
platelet alpha granule organization and biogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry.
regulation of nematode entry into dormancy
Binding to an E-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence CANNTG that is found in the promoters of a wide array of genes expressed in neurons, muscle and other tissues.
positive regulation of amyloid fibril formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid fibril formation.
activation of amyloid structure assembly
activation of amyloid structure formation
positive regulation of amyloid fibril assembly
positive regulation of amyloid structure assembly
positive regulation of amyloid structure formation
up regulation of amyloid fibril assembly
up-regulation of amyloid fibril assembly
upregulation of amyloid fibril formation
up regulation of amyloid fibril formation
up-regulation of amyloid fibril formation
upregulation of amyloid structure assembly
up regulation of amyloid structure assembly
up-regulation of amyloid structure assembly
upregulation of amyloid structure formation
up regulation of amyloid structure formation
up-regulation of amyloid structure formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry.
activation of nematode entry into dormancy
positive regulation of nematode entry into dormancy
upregulation of nematode entry into dormancy
up regulation of nematode entry into dormancy
up-regulation of nematode entry into dormancy
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry.
downregulation of nematode entry into dormancy
down regulation of nematode entry into dormancy
down-regulation of nematode entry into dormancy
inhibition of nematode entry into dormancy
negative regulation of nematode entry into dormancy
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule such as a chromosome.
The developmental process by which a pharyngeal gland is generated and organized.
lipoteichoic acid immune receptor activity
Combining with lipoteichoic acid and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response.
positive regulation of mesoderm formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation.
obsolete negative regulation of transposon integration
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transposon integration, a process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule.
negative regulation of amyloid fibril formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid fibril formation.
downregulation of amyloid fibril assembly
down regulation of amyloid fibril assembly
down-regulation of amyloid fibril assembly
downregulation of amyloid fibril formation
down regulation of amyloid fibril formation
down-regulation of amyloid fibril formation
downregulation of amyloid structure assembly
down regulation of amyloid structure assembly
down-regulation of amyloid structure assembly
downregulation of amyloid structure formation
down regulation of amyloid structure formation
down-regulation of amyloid structure formation
inhibition of amyloid structure assembly
inhibition of amyloid structure formation
negative regulation of amyloid fibril assembly
negative regulation of amyloid structure assembly
negative regulation of amyloid structure formation
obsolete regulation of transposon integration
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of transposon integration, a process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid fibril formation.
regulation of amyloid structure assembly
regulation of amyloid structure formation
transcription preinitiation complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), required for transcription.
bacterial-type RNA polymerase preinitiation complex assembly
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional preinitiation complex formation
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription PIC formation
DNA-dependent transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
DNA-templated transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
transcriptional preinitiation complex formation
positive regulation of smooth muscle tissue development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development.
activation of smooth muscle tissue development
upregulation of smooth muscle tissue development
up regulation of smooth muscle tissue development
up-regulation of smooth muscle tissue development
obsolete positive regulation of transposon integration
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transposon integration, a process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule.
negative regulation of smooth muscle tissue development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development.
downregulation of smooth muscle tissue development
down regulation of smooth muscle tissue development
down-regulation of smooth muscle tissue development
inhibition of smooth muscle tissue development
mitochondrial tRNA wobble uridine modification
The process in which a uridine in position 34 of a mitochondrial tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.
negative regulation of mesoderm formation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation.
RNA polymerase III preinitiation complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
RNA polymerase III transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
RNA polymerase III transcriptional preinitiation complex formation
RNA polymerase III transcription PIC biosynthesis
RNA polymerase III transcription PIC formation
RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation.
The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.
regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.
regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a mitochondrial tRNA molecule to produce a mitochondrial tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
obsolete positive regulation of cellular response to tunicamycin
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to tunicamycin.
The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.
regulation of smooth muscle tissue development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development.
mitochondrial tRNA pseudouridine synthesis
The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.
positive regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.
activation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
activation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
positive regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
positive regulation of ER stress response
positive regulation of response to ER stress
upregulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up-regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
upregulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
up-regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Binding to 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
obsolete positive regulation of cellular response to thapsigargin
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to thapsigargin.
obsolete transepithelial L-ascorbic acid transport
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of L-ascorbic acid from one side of an epithelium to the other.
obsolete negative regulation of cellular response to thapsigargin
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to thapsigargin.
Catalysis of the reaction: histidine(out) + histamine(in) = histidine(in) + histamine(out).
obsolete negative regulation of cellular response to tunicamycin
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to tunicamycin.
Catalysis of the reaction: aspartate(out) + alanine(in) = aspartate(in) + alanine(out).
obsolete regulation of cellular response to tunicamycin
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to tunicamycin.
glutamate:gamma-aminobutyric acid antiporter activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glutamate(out) + gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) = glutamate(in) + gamma-aminobutyric acid(out).
glutamate/gamma-aminobutyric acid antiporter activity
glutamate-gamma-aminobutyric acid antiporter activity
positive regulation of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
activation of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
activation of cellular response to VLDL particle stimulus
positive regulation of cellular response to VLDL particle stimulus
upregulation of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
up regulation of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
up-regulation of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
upregulation of cellular response to VLDL particle stimulus
up regulation of cellular response to VLDL particle stimulus
up-regulation of cellular response to VLDL particle stimulus
Catalysis of the reaction: tyrosine(out) + tyramine(in) = tyrosine(in) + tyramine(out).
negative regulation of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
downregulation of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
down regulation of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
down-regulation of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
downregulation of cellular response to VLDL particle stimulus
down regulation of cellular response to VLDL particle stimulus
down-regulation of cellular response to VLDL particle stimulus
inhibition of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
inhibition of cellular response to VLDL particle stimulus
negative regulation of cellular response to VLDL particle stimulus
global genome nucleotide-excision repair
The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome.
global genomic nucleotide-excision repair
obsolete regulation of cellular response to thapsigargin
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to thapsigargin.
cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in cell wall disassembly
The chemical reactions and pathways that result in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall, and contributes to the breakdown of the cell wall.
regulation of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
regulation of cellular response to VLDL particle stimulus
A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in transcription-coupled repair. The subunits are known as Ddb1 and Wdr21 in S. pombe; Ddb1 contains a motif called the DDB-box that interacts with adaptor proteins for DDB1/cullin 4 ubiquitin ligases.
negative regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import across plasma membrane.
downregulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane
down regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane
down-regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane
inhibition of calcium ion import across plasma membrane
A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in transcription-coupled repair. The subunits are known as Ddb1 and Ckn1 in S. pombe; Ddb1 contains a motif called the DDB-box that interacts with adaptor proteins for DDB1/cullin 4 ubiquitin ligases.
ABC-type 3',5'-cyclic GMP transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) = ADP + phosphate + 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out).
3',5'-cyclic GMP transmembrane-transporting ATPase activity
ATPase-coupled 3',5'-cyclic GMP transmembrane transporter activity
ATPase-coupled cGMP transmembrane transporter activity
ATP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic GMP transmembrane transporter activity
Combining with the phospholipid derivative lysophosphatidic acid, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.
Any DNA recombination that takes place in mitochondrion.
A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs).
UV-damaged DNA endonuclease-dependent excision repair
inositol phosphoceramide synthase regulator activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of inositol phosphoceramide synthase.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to calcium ion.
inositol phosphoceramide synthase complex
A protein complex that possesses inositol phosphoceramide synthase activity and contains a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit (Aur1p and Kei1p, respectively, in Saccharomyces).
positive regulation of formation of growth cone in injured axon
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of formation of growth cone in injured axon.
activation of formation of growth cone in injured axon
upregulation of formation of growth cone in injured axon
up regulation of formation of growth cone in injured axon
up-regulation of formation of growth cone in injured axon
positive regulation of response to calcium ion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to calcium ion.
positive regulation of response to Ca2+ ion
up regulation of response to calcium ion
up-regulation of response to calcium ion
A process leading to the generation of a functional regulatory non-coding RNA.
gene silencing by RNA, production of guide RNA
gene silencing by RNA, production of small RNA
negative regulation of response to calcium ion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to calcium ion.
downregulation of response to calcium ion
down regulation of response to calcium ion
down-regulation of response to calcium ion
negative regulation of response to Ca2+ ion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of siRNA processing.
regulation of chromatin silencing by small RNA, production of siRNA
regulation of production of siRNA involved in chromatin silencing by small RNA
regulation of production of siRNA involved in gene silencing by small RNA
regulation of production of siRNA involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA
regulation of production of siRNA involved in PTGS
regulation of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference
regulation of RNA interference, production of siRNA
positive regulation of gonad development
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development.
regulation of regulatory ncRNA processing
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulatory non-coding RNA processing.
regulation of gene silencing by RNA, production of guide RNA
regulation of gene silencing by RNA, production of small RNA
regulation of production of small RNA involved in gene silencing by RNA
negative regulation of gonad development
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development.
negative regulation of formation of growth cone in injured axon
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of formation of growth cone in injured axon.
downregulation of formation of growth cone in injured axon
down regulation of formation of growth cone in injured axon
down-regulation of formation of growth cone in injured axon
inhibition of formation of growth cone in injured axon
The process in which a single-stranded small RNA is incorporated within the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC). The assembly includes the maturation of the small RNA, the stabilization of the complex by accessory proteins of the RISC complex, duplex separation and the release of the second strand, forming a base-pairing completent complex that mediates gene silencing by small RNA.
gene silencing by RNA, small RNA loading onto RISC
siRNA loading onto RISC involved in gene silencing by small RNA
siRNA loading onto RISC involved in RNA interference
regulation of formation of growth cone in injured axon
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of formation of growth cone in injured axon.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
negative regulation of germ cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation.
downregulation of germ cell proliferation
down regulation of germ cell proliferation
down-regulation of germ cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation.
negative regulation of ATP:ADP antiporter activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ATP:ADP antiporter.
downregulation of ATP:ADP antiporter activity
down regulation of ATP:ADP antiporter activity
down-regulation of ATP:ADP antiporter activity
inhibition of ATP:ADP antiporter activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development.
regulation of ATP:ADP antiporter activity
Any process that modulates the activity of an ATP:ADP antiporter.
positive regulation of germ cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation.
up regulation of germ cell proliferation
up-regulation of germ cell proliferation
A translational elongation process in which transfer of a translating ribosome from one mRNA to another RNA template takes place. Trans-translation occurs during tmRNA release of stalled ribosomes.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate determination.
regulation of mRNA stability, ncRNA-mediated
Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs.
ncRNA-mediated regulation of mRNA stability
regulation of mRNA stability, non-coding RNA-mediated
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.
activation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
activation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
activation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
activation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
activation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
activation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
positive regulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
positive regulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
upregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
up regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
up-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
upregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
up regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
up-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
up regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
up regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
up-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
upregulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
up regulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
up-regulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
upregulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
up regulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
up-regulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
The volume enclosed by the membrane of a Golgi-associated vesicle.
positive regulation of cell fate determination
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate determination.
up regulation of cell fate determination
up-regulation of cell fate determination
trans-translation-dependent protein tagging
A protein modification process in which a polypeptide is added to a nascent polypeptide cotranslationally by trans-translation.
protein modification by trans-translation
negative regulation of cell fate determination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate determination.
downregulation of cell fate determination
down regulation of cell fate determination
down-regulation of cell fate determination
The modification of histone H4 by the removal of one or more acetyl groups.
obsolete positive regulation of invadopodium disassembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of invadopodium disassembly.
The modification of histone H3 by the removal of one or more acetyl groups.
obsolete negative regulation of invadopodium disassembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of invadopodium disassembly.
An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA.
3'-untranslated region-mediated mRNA stabilization
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.
downregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
down regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
down-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
downregulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
down regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
down-regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
downregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
down regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
downregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
down regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
down-regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
downregulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
down regulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
down-regulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
downregulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
down regulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
down-regulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
inhibition of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
inhibition of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
inhibition of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
inhibition of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
negative regulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
negative regulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with a sequence in the open reading frame called the coding region instability determinant (CRD).
coding region determinant-mediated mRNA stabilization
regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.
regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
regulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic dimorphism
regulation of VSMC differentiation involved in phenotypic switching
A protein complex that binds to, and promotes stabilization of, mRNA molecules containing the coding region instability determinant (CRD). In human, it may consist of IGF2BP1, HNRNPU, SYNCRIP/HNRNPQ, YBX1, and DHX9.
coding-region determinant of instability-mediated mRNA stability complex
coding-region instability determinant -mediated mRNA stability complex
obsolete negative regulation of invadopodium assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of invadopodium assembly.
A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.
obsolete regulation of invadopodium assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of invadopodium assembly.
A multisubunit tethering complex, i.e. a protein complex involved in mediating the initial interaction between vesicles and the membranes with which they fuse, that is involved in trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the ER. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the Dsl1p complex contains Dsl1p, Tip20p, and Sec39p.
obsolete regulation of invadopodium disassembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of invadopodium disassembly.
A cytoskeletal structure composed of filamentous protein that forms beneath the membrane of many cells or organelles, in the plane of cell or organelle division. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells or organelles.
obsolete positive regulation of invadopodium assembly
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of invadopodium assembly.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eisosome, a cell part that is composed of the eisosome membrane and eisosome filaments. The eisosome membrane, also called the MCC domain, is a furrow-like plasma membrane sub-domain with associated integral transmembrane proteins. The eisosome filaments form a scaffolding lattice on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane.
regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine biosynthetic process.
regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis
obsolete dephosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain
OBSOLETE. The process of removing a phosphate group from an amino acid residue in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Some dephosphorylation occurs during transcription while some may occur after the enzyme is released from the template in order to prepare it for the beginning of the transcription cycle again. RNA polymerase II with little or no phosphorylation is referred to as the hypophosphorylated or II(A) form.
positive regulation of CoA-transferase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CoA-transferase activity.
upregulation of CoA-transferase activity
up regulation of CoA-transferase activity
up-regulation of CoA-transferase activity
neutrophil-mediated killing of symbiont cell
The directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell
positive regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine biosynthetic process.
activation of acetylcholine biosynthesis
activation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process
positive regulation of acetylcholine anabolism
positive regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis
positive regulation of acetylcholine formation
positive regulation of acetylcholine synthesis
up regulation of acetylcholine anabolism
up-regulation of acetylcholine anabolism
upregulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis
up regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis
up-regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis
upregulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process
up regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process
up-regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process
up regulation of acetylcholine formation
up-regulation of acetylcholine formation
up regulation of acetylcholine synthesis
up-regulation of acetylcholine synthesis
The directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
negative regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine biosynthetic process.
downregulation of acetylcholine anabolism
down regulation of acetylcholine anabolism
down-regulation of acetylcholine anabolism
downregulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis
down regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis
down-regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis
downregulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process
down regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process
down-regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process
downregulation of acetylcholine formation
down regulation of acetylcholine formation
down-regulation of acetylcholine formation
downregulation of acetylcholine synthesis
down regulation of acetylcholine synthesis
down-regulation of acetylcholine synthesis
inhibition of acetylcholine biosynthesis
inhibition of acetylcholine biosynthetic process
negative regulation of acetylcholine anabolism
negative regulation of acetylcholine biosynthesis
negative regulation of acetylcholine formation
negative regulation of acetylcholine synthesis
neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium
The directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium
neutrophil-mediated killing of bacterium
The directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium
The directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium
The directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium
regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a symbiont cell, the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a target cell, the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
regulation of neutrophil mediated cell killing
regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a gram-negative bacterium, the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a bacterium, the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a fungal cell, the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a gram-positive bacterium, the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
negative regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
downregulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell
down regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell
down-regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell
inhibition of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell
negative regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
downregulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity
down regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity
down-regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity
inhibition of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity
negative regulation of neutrophil mediated cell killing
negative regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
downregulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium
down regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium
down-regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium
inhibition of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium
negative regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
downregulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium
down regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium
down-regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium
inhibition of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium
negative regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
downregulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus
down regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus
down-regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus
inhibition of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus
negative regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
downregulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium
down regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium
down-regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium
inhibition of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium
positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
activation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell
stimulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell
upregulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell
up regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell
up-regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell
positive regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
activation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity
positive regulation of neutrophil mediated cell killing
stimulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity
upregulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity
up regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity
up-regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity
positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
activation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium
stimulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium
upregulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium
up regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium
up-regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium
positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
activation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium
stimulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium
upregulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium
up regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium
up-regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium
positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
activation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus
stimulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus
upregulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus
up regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus
up-regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus
protein-cysteine S-palmitoyltransferase complex
A protein complex which is capable of protein-cysteine S-palmitoyltransferase activity.
positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
activation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium
stimulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium
upregulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium
up regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium
up-regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium
response to differentiation-inducing factor 2
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)pentan-1-one stimulus.
response to 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)pentan-1-one
Binding to F420, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, no-go decay
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA with stalls in translation elongation.
nuclear-transcribed mRNA breakdown, no-go decay
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolism, no-go decay
nuclear-transcribed mRNA degradation, no-go decay
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glutamatergic neuron.
regulation of cellular response to alcohol
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alcohol.
Binding to pyrroloquinoline quinone, PQQ, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of certain alcohol dehydrogenases and glucose dehydrogenases.
positive regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis.
activation of endothelial tube morphogenesis
upregulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis
up regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis
up-regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis
An endoplasmic reticulum part at which COPII-coated vesicles are produced.
positive regulation of cellular response to alcohol
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alcohol.
activation of cellular response to alcohol
upregulation of cellular response to alcohol
up regulation of cellular response to alcohol
up-regulation of cellular response to alcohol
negative regulation of cellular response to alcohol
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alcohol.
downregulation of cellular response to alcohol
down regulation of cellular response to alcohol
down-regulation of cellular response to alcohol
inhibition of cellular response to alcohol
protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum exit site
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at an endoplasmic reticulum exit site.
protein localisation to endoplasmic reticulum exit site
negative regulation of lipid localization
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization.
negative regulation of lipid localisation
protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum.
protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum
protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization.
Binding to a FHA domain of a protein. The FHA domain is a phosphopeptide recognition domain found in many regulatory proteins, and consists of approximately 80-100 amino acid residues folded into an 11-stranded beta sandwich.
negative regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis.
downregulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis
down regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis
down-regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis
inhibition of endothelial tube morphogenesis
Binding to a POU domain of a protein. The POU domain is a bipartite DNA binding domain composed of two subunits separated by a non-conserved region of 15-55 amino acids; it is found in several eukaryotic transcription factors.
positive regulation of lipid localization
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization.
positive regulation of lipid localisation
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for bone to attain its fully functional state.
Binding to a Toll-Interleukin receptor (TIR) domain of a protein. The TIR domain is an intracellular 200 residue domain that is found in the Toll protein, the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), and MyD88; it contains three highly-conserved regions, and mediates protein-protein interactions between the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signal-transduction components.
Toll-Interleukin receptor domain binding
A protein ubiquitination process in which ubiquitin monomers are attached to a protein, and then ubiquitin polymers are formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers. K11-linked polyubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation. The anaphase-promoting complex promotes the degradation of mitotic regulators by assembling K11-linked polyubiquitin chains.
voltage-gated calcium channel complex assembly
Cellular protein complex assembly that results in the formation of a voltage-gated calcium channel complex.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
The process in which the migration of a dendrite is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
A transcription factor complex that forms part of the holo TFIIH complex. In Saccharomyces/human, TFIIK contains Ccl1p/Cyclin H, Tfb3p/MAT1 and Kin28p/CDK7.
Binding to a SET domain of a protein. SET domains are named after three Drosophila proteins that contain this domain: Su(var), E(z) and trithorax. SET domains are associated with histone lysine methylation.
The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions but does not causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For S. cerevisiae, RAD30 encodes DNA polymerase eta, which incorporates two adenines. When incorporated across a thymine-thymine dimer, it does not increase the endogenous mutation level.
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the left/right axis. The left/right axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes. Each side is defined from the viewpoint of the organism rather of the observer (as per anatomical axes).
The process of removing one or more methyl groups from a molecule, involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms in the substrate.
The process of removing one or more methyl groups from a molecule.
medium-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a medium-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a medium-chain trans-(2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]. A medium chain fatty acid is any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.
Binding to a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the small ribosomal subunit, a translation initiation ternary complex (i.e. an initiator tRNA, GTP, and an IF2 or eIF2 complex), and an mRNA.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains a ribosome, mRNA, and initiator tRNA; the functional ribosome is at the AUG, with the methionyl/formyl-methionyl-tRNA positioned at the P site.
A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH, to the oxidized form, NADP.
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenation
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidation
The series of events in which a stimulus indicating oxidative stress is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Binding to a type 1 melanocortin receptor.
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of gravity
The series of events involved in the perception of gravity in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events required for an organism to receive a gravitational stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the extensively base paired small nuclear RNAs U4 and U6, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins associated with U4, the Lsm2-8 heptameric ring complex associated with U6, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U4 snRNP or U6 snRNPs, some of which remain associated with the U4/U6 snRNA both while the U4 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnetic stimulus.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that is formed by the association of the U1, U2, U4/U6 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the extensively base paired small nuclear RNAs U4atac and U6atac, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins associated with U4atac, the Lsm2-8 heptameric ring complex associated with U6atac, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U4atac snRNP or U6atac snRNPs, some of which remain associated with the U4atac/U6atac snRNA both while the U4atac snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of the preassembled U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP to the prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U1, U2 and U4/U6.U5 snRNPs.
mammalian U2-type spliceosomal complex B
mammalian U2-type spliceosomal complex B1
yeast U12-type spliceosomal complex A2-1
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the 5' splice site with the U1 snRNP, while the branch point sequence is recognized by the U2 snRNP. The prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U1 and U2 snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation.
mammalian U2-type spliceosomal complex A
A spliceosomal complex that contains the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs.
mammalian U2-type spliceosomal complex C
mammalian U2-type spliceosomal complex C1
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the U1 and U4 snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U2, and U5 and U6 snRNPs.
mammalian U2-type spliceosomal complex B*
mammalian U2-type spliceosomal complex B2
A spliceosomal snRNP complex that is formed by the association of the U4atac/U6atac and U5 snRNPs.
U2-type post-mRNA release spliceosomal complex
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs.
GT-AG post-mRNA release spliceosomal complex
major post-mRNA release spliceosomal complex
mammalian U2-type spliceosomal complex I
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of a preassembled U5-containing tri-snRNP to the prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the 5' splice site and the branch point sequence with specific snRNPs. The prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the bound snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation. Prespliceosome complexes are not active for splicing, but are instead an early step in the assembly of a spliceosomal complex.
A spliceosomal complex that contains three snRNPs, including U5, bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the two snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; three snRNPs including U5 remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the cooperative binding of the heterodimeric U11/U12 snRNP to the 5' splice site and the branch point sequence. The U12-type prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U11/U12 heterodimeric snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation.
mammalian U12-type spliceosomal complex A
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and three snRNPs, either U2 or U12, U5, and either U6 or U6atac.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the U11 and U4atac snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U12, and U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
mammalian U12-type spliceosomal complex B*
mammalian U12-type spliceosomal complex B2
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of the preassembled U4atac/U6atac.U5 tri-snRNP to the U12-type prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U11, U12 and U4atac/U6atac.U5 snRNPs.
mammalian U12-type spliceosomal complex B
mammalian U12-type spliceosomal complex B1
U12-type post-mRNA release spliceosomal complex
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
AT-AC post-mRNA release spliceosomal complex
mammalian U12-type spliceosomal complex I
minor post-mRNA release spliceosomal complex
A spliceosomal complex that contains the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
mammalian U12-type spliceosomal complex C
mammalian U12-type spliceosomal complex C1
yeast U12-type spliceosomal complex A2-2
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, U5, U2 and U6.
mammalian U2-type spliceosomal complex C2
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, including U5.
A spliceosomal complex that forms during the addition of a specific spliced leader (SL) sequence to the 5'-end of a messenger RNA primary transcript, a process which occurs in a number of eukaryotic organisms, including trypanosomatid protozoans, euglenoids, nematodes, trematodes, and chordates.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, U5, U12 and U6atac.
mammalian U12-type spliceosomal complex C2
yeast U12-type spliceosomal complex A2-3
A process that identifies and degrades defective or aberrant RNAs.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains spliced leader (SL) RNA and associated proteins.
A process that identifies and degrades defective or aberrant RNAs within the nucleus.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs within the cytoplasm.
cytoplasmic aberrant RNA catabolic process
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant ncRNAs within the nucleus.
nuclear aberrant ncRNA catabolic process
A process that identifies and degrades defective or aberrant mRNAs within the nucleus.
nuclear retention of pre-mRNA at the site of transcription
nuclear retention of pre-mRNA with aberrant 3'-ends at the site of transcription
nuclear retention of unspliced pre-mRNA at the site of transcription
nuclear mRNA surveillance of mRNA 3'-end processing
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading mRNAs with incorrectly formed 3'-ends within the nucleus.
nuclear mRNA catabolic process of mRNA with aberrant 3'-ends
nuclear mRNA quality control of mRNAs with aberrant 3'-ends
nuclear mRNA surveillance of spliceosomal pre-mRNA splicing
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading incorrectly spliced pre-mRNAs within the nucleus.
nuclear mRNA quality control of incorrectly spliced pre-mRNA
nuclear RNA catabolic process of incorrectly spliced pre-mRNA
nuclear mRNA surveillance of mRNP export
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading incorrectly formed or aberrant nuclear mRNPs docked at the nuclear pore complex prior to export to the cytoplasm.
nuclear mRNA catabolic process of mRNAs in aberrant mRNPs
nuclear mRNA quality control of mRNAs in aberrant mRNPs
nuclear polyadenylation-dependent rRNA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule, including RNA fragments released as part of processing the primary transcript into multiple mature rRNA species, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target rRNA.
nuclear poly(A)-dependent rRNA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs).
cryptic unstable transcript catabolic process
nuclear polyadenylation-dependent snRNA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target snRNA.
nuclear poly(A)-dependent snRNA catabolic process
nuclear polyadenylation-dependent snoRNA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target snoRNA.
nuclear poly(A)-dependent snoRNA catabolic process
nuclear polyadenylation-dependent CUT catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a cryptic unstable transcript (CUT), initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target CUT.
nuclear poly(A)-dependent CUT catabolic process
nuclear polyadenylation-dependent tRNA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of an aberrant or incorrectly modified transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target tRNA.
nuclear poly(A)-dependent tRNA catabolic process
antisense RNA transcript catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of antisense transcripts, i.e. transcripts that were produced from the antisense strand of a gene that produces a gene product and which often have a regulatory effect on the transcription of that gene product.
nuclear polyadenylation-dependent antisense transcript catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of an antisense transcript, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target antisense transcript.
nuclear poly(A)-dependent antisense transcript catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), which are transcribed from intergenic regions. Many intergenic regions are heavily transcribed, but the transcripts are rarely detected due to rapid degradation by the nuclear exosome.
nuclear polyadenylation-dependent mRNA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target mRNA.
nuclear poly(A)-dependent mRNA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histone messenger RNA (mRNA) within the nucleus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histone messenger RNA (mRNA).
polyadenylation-dependent mRNA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target mRNA.
poly(A)-dependent mRNA catabolic process
nuclear polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target ncRNA.
nuclear poly(A)-dependent ncRNA catabolic process
polyadenylation-dependent snoRNA 3'-end processing
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA molecule linked to prior polyadenylation of the 3'-end of the precursor snoRNA.
poly(A)-dependent snoRNA 3'-end processing
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of snoRNA class molecule (referred to as an sRNA in Archaea). In eukaryotes, this occurs in conjunction with termination of transcription of precursor snoRNA molecules and may occur post-transcriptionally on incorrectly processed molecules targeted for degradation.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM2.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM1.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM9.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM3.
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM15.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM15.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.
The series of events required for an organism to receive sensory mechanical stimulus resulting from air flow, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
alphav-beta3 integrin-vitronectin complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to vitronectin.
alpha9-beta1 integrin-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.
alphaE-beta7 integrin-E-cadherin complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphaE-beta7 integrin complex bound to E-cadherin.
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM23.
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of wind
The series of events involved in the perception of wind in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of air flow
perception of wind, detection of mechanical stimulus
perception of wind, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
perception of wind, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of wind
sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of wind
alpha4-beta1 integrin-thrombospondin-1 complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-1.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM12.
regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
alpha4-beta1 integrin-thrombospondin-2 complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-2.
positive regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
activation of phospholipid biosynthetic process
positive regulation of phospholipid anabolism
positive regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis
positive regulation of phospholipid formation
positive regulation of phospholipid synthesis
stimulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process
upregulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process
up regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process
up-regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
downregulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process
down regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process
down-regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process
inhibition of phospholipid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of phospholipid anabolism
negative regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis
negative regulation of phospholipid formation
negative regulation of phospholipid synthesis
A protein complex that contains the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex (EIF2), CUG binding protein 1, and several endoplasmic reticulum proteins; the complex is involved in the regulation of translation.
eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2 binding
Binding to eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2, a protein complex involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate from one side of a membrane to the other.
adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate transporter activity
adenosine 3'-phosphate-5'-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule.
alpha2-beta1 integrin-chondroadherin complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cartilage matrix protein chondroadherin.
fibronectin-tissue transglutaminase complex
A protein complex that consists of fibronectin bound to tissue transglutaminase, and is involved in cell adhesion.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD63.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein basigin.
alphaV-beta3 integrin-CD47-FCER2 complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD47 and the low-affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor (FCER2).
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the extracellular matrix protein tenascin.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD9.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD47.
alpha11-beta1 integrin-collagen type I complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha11-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type I collagen.
alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-CD9-CD47-platelet glycoprotein Ib complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface proteins CD9 and CD47, and the heterodimeric platelet glycoprotein Ib.
alphaV-beta3 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.
alpha5-beta1 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.
alpha1-beta1 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha1-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.
alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-fibronectin-tissue transglutaminase complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and tissue transglutaminase.
alpha5-beta1 integrin-fibronectin-tissue transglutaminase complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and tissue transglutaminase.
alpha3-beta1 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.
alpha3-beta1 integrin-thrombospondin complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD9.
alphaV-beta3 integrin-paxillin-Pyk2 complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to paxillin and the FAK-related kinase Pyk2.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to gelsolin.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta6 integrin complex bound to transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGFbeta-3).
A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the Src family tyrosine kinase Fyn.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell adhesion molecule JAM2.
alphaV-beta8 integrin-MMP14-TGFbeta-1 complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta8 integrin complex bound to matrix metalloproteinase 14 and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta-1).
A cellular process that results in a change in the spatial configuration of a DNA molecule. A conformation change can bend DNA, or alter the, twist, writhe, or linking number of a DNA molecule.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to paxillin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-11 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-9 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus.
response to parathyroid hormone stimulus
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate transmembrane transport
The process in which adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate is transported across a membrane.
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate membrane transport
adenosine 3'-phosphate-5'-phosphate transmembrane transport
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior temporal gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior temporal gyrus is a portion of the cerebral cortex that extends from the lateral sulcus to the superior temporal sulcus.
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K48-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
cyclic-guanylate-specific phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + H2O = 5'-phosphoguanylyl(3'->5')guanosine + H+.
c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity
cyclic bis(3->5')diguanylate phosphodiesterase activity
OBSOLETE. The modification of a histone by the addition of a biotinyl group.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell adhesion molecule ICAM-4.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta4 integrin complex bound to EMILIN-1 (ElastinMicrofibril Interface Located ProteIN).
alpha5-beta1 integrin-endostatin complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to endostatin, the NC1 domain of the alpha1 chain of type XVIII collagen.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to tumstatin, the NC1 domain of the alpha3 chain of type IV collagen.
alpha5-beta1 integrin-fibronectin-NOV complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and the extracellular matrix protein NOV.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta1 integrin complex bound to CYR61, a cysteine-rich protein involved in angiogenesis.
alpha7-beta1 integrin-nicotinamide riboside kinase complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (also known as muscle integrin binding protein, MIBP).
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the extracellular matrix protein NOV.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor D.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor C.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor A.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to epidermal growth factor receptor.
alpha1-beta1 integrin-tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2 complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha1-beta1 integrin complex bound to tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2.
alpha9-beta1 integrin-osteopontin complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
alphaV-beta6 integrin-osteopontin complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta6 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase-3.
alpha5-beta1 integrin-osteopontin complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
alphaV-beta3 integrin-laminin alpha-4 complex
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to laminin alpha-4.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase-3.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM8.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaX-beta2 integrin complex bound to intercellular adhesion molecule 4.
alpha7-beta1 integrin-focal adhesion kinase complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to focal adhesion kinase.
alpha9-beta1 integrin-thrombospondin-1 complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-1.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD98.
alpha7-beta1 integrin-laminin alpha-2 complex
A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to laminin alpha-2.
resolution of recombination intermediates
The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, formed during DNA recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta5 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and secreted frizzled-related protein 2.
A protein complex that consists of only SMAD proteins; may be homomeric or heteromeric. Heteromeric complexes act as transcription factors while homomeric complexes exist but are transcriptionally inactive. Hetero- versus homotrimerization is largely enthalpy driven.
resolution of mitotic recombination intermediates
The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, mitotic recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.
A protein complex composed of a single type of SMAD family proteins. In the absence of Smad4, phosphorylation of R-SMADs results in their homotrimerization. However, these complexes do not appear to import into the nucleus and are assumed to be transcriptionally inactive.
A protein complex composed of SMAD family proteins, a transcription factor complex which binds to the promoters of target genes and recruits co-activators and histone acetyltransferases, facilitating transcription. Phosphorylation of the non-SMAD4 subunit(s) enables binding of SMAD4 to form heteromeric complexes that enter the nucleus to initiate gene transcription. DNA-binding specificity is conferred by other transcription factors binding to SMAD complexes. Interactions with coactivators or corepressors modulate their transcriptional activity. Can be heterotrimeric or heterodimeric.
A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(o) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(q) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(13) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(i)1 subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
A protein complex that consists of a homo- or heterodimer of members of a family of structurally related proteins that contain a conserved N-terminal region called the Rel homology domain (RHD). In the nucleus, NF-kappaB complexes act as transcription factors. In unstimulated cells, NF-kappaB dimers are sequestered in the cytoplasm by IkappaB monomers; signals that induce NF-kappaB activity cause degradation of IkappaB, allowing NF-kappaB dimers to translocate to the nucleus and induce gene expression.
cyanophycin synthetase activity (L-arginine-adding)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n-L-Asp + L-arginine = ADP + phosphate + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n+1.
cyanophycin synthetase activity (L-aspartate-adding)
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n + L-Asp = ADP + phosphate + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n-L-Asp.
DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the DNA replication preinitiation complex, a protein-DNA complex that is assembled at DNA replication origins as part of initiation of DNA replication. The complex consists of proteins that initiate the DNA binding, melt the helix and enable helicase activity.
DNA replication preinitiation complex formation
A protein complex that contains the GINS complex, Cdc45p, and the heterohexameric MCM complex, and that is involved in unwinding DNA during replication.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a GINS complex, a heterotetrameric protein complex that associates with DNA replication origins and replication forks.
RNA trimethylguanosine synthase activity
Catalysis of two successive methyl transfer reactions from AdoMet to the N-2 atom of guanosine, thereby converting 7-methylguanosine in an RNA cap to 2,2,7 trimethylguanosine.
small nuclear RNA methyltransferase activity
obsolete ribonucleoprotein complex import into nucleus
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
Any process in which a ribonucleoprotein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell.
cellular ribonucleoprotein complex localization
establishment and maintenance of ribonucleoprotein complex localization
establishment of protein localization to chromatin
The directed movement of a protein to a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
establishment of protein localisation to chromatin
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
site-specific DNA replication termination at RTS1 barrier
A DNA replication termination process that takes place at the RTS1 termination site in the mating type locus, in a specific direction required for subsequent imprinting and mating-type switching.
site-specific DNA replication termination
A DNA replication termination process that takes place at a specific termination site.
A signaling process that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
signal transduction involved in spindle assembly checkpoint
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromonapterin + NADPH = tetrahydromonapterin + NADP+.
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-2 (MAML2); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
A signaling process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the spindle and delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, the completion of anaphase until chromosomes are attached to the spindle, or mitotic exit and cytokinesis when the spindle does not form.
signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint
signal transduction involved in mitotic spindle checkpoint
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch3 (ICN3), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-2 (MAML2); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch2 (ICN2), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-2 (MAML2); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch4 (ICN4), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-2 (MAML2); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch3 (ICN3), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch2 (ICN2), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
protocadherin-alpha-protocadherin-gamma complex
A protein complex that contains two cell adhesion molecules, a protocadherin-alpha and a protocadherin-gamma, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch4 (ICN4), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
protocadherin-alpha-v4-protocadherin-gamma-a3 complex
A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-a3, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
protocadherin-alpha-v4-protocadherin-gamma-a1 complex
A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-a1, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
protocadherin-alpha-v4-protocadherin-gamma-b4 complex
A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-b4, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
protocadherin-alpha-v4-protocadherin-gamma-b2 complex
A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-b2, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
protocadherin-alpha-v7-protocadherin-gamma-a3 complex
A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-a3, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
protocadherin-alpha-v7-protocadherin-gamma-a1 complex
A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-a1, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
protocadherin-alpha-v7-protocadherin-gamma-b4 complex
A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-b4, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
protocadherin-alpha-v7-protocadherin-gamma-b2 complex
A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-b2, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP2 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP1 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP4 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP3 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv alpha subunits 4.2 and 4.3.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP1 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP10 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.1.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.1.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.
A protein complex that localizes at the surface of endosomes, where it recruits and activates the Arp2/3 complex to induce actin polymerization. In human, the WASH complex is composed of F-actin-capping protein subunits alpha and beta, WASH1, FAM21, KIAA1033, KIAA0196 and CCDC53.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP10 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3.
protein localization to juxtaparanode region of axon
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the juxtaparanode region of an axon.
protein localisation to juxtaparanode region of axon
histone pre-mRNA 3'end processing complex
A ribonucleoprotein that binds to specific sites in, and is required for cleavage of, the 3'-end of histone pre-mRNAs. The complex contains the U7 snRNP and additional proteins, including the stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) and the exonuclease 3'hExo/Eri-1.
Binding to a conserved stem-loop structure found in histone pre-mRNAs.
establishment of protein localization to juxtaparanode region of axon
The directed movement of a protein to the juxtaparanode region of an axon.
establishment of protein localisation to juxtaparanode region of axon
Binding to a U7 small nuclear RNA (U7 snRNA).
Binding to the downstream cleavage product (DCP) generated by histone pre-mRNA 3'-end processing.
protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole using signals contained within the protein, occurring as part of autophagy, the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
The process in which a protein is incorporated into a membrane raft. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.
establishment of protein localization to membrane raft
cellular response to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulus.
An elaborate tubulolamellar membrane system that underlies the postsynaptic cell membrane.
cellular response to abscisic acid stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abscisic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus.
cellular response to external biotic stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.
cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.
cellular response to bacteria associated molecule
cellular response to bacterial associated molecule
cellular response to bacterium associated molecule
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.
cellular response to bacterial lipopeptide
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
cellular response to bacterial lipoprotein
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.
cellular response to molecule of oomycetes origin
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin.
cellular response to oomycetes associated molecule
cellular response to molecule of fungal origin
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of fungal origin such as chito-octamer oligosaccharide.
cellular response to fungus associated molecule
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a tumor cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.
cellular response to amino acid stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histidine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacteriocin stimulus. A bacteriocin is a protein substance released by certain bacteria that kills but does not lyse closely related strains of bacteria. Specific bacteriocins attach to specific receptors on cell walls and induce specific metabolic block, e.g. cessation of nucleic acid or protein synthesis of oxidative phosphorylation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a streptomycin stimulus. Streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media which acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.
cellular response to inorganic substance
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat.
cellular response to arsenic-containing substance
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon monoxide (CO) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chromate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silicon dioxide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrite stimulus.
Binding to a connexin, any of a group of related proteins that assemble to form gap junctions.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.
A vesicle organization process that takes place as part of the Cvt pathway, and results in the formation of a double membrane-bounded cytosolic structure that sequesters precursor aminopeptidase I (prAPI).
cytoplasm to vacuole targeting vesicle assembly
cytoplasm-to-vacuole targetin vesicle assembly
A ribonucleoprotein complex that can be visualized as a focus in the cytoplasm, and contains uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U snRNPs) and essential snRNP assembly factors. These U bodies are invariably found in association with P bodies.
cellular response to electrical stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.
A protein complex that constitutes a specific site of protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum, which involves the signal recognition particle receptor. The complex contains a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins.
Sec complex-associated translocon complex
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnetic stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.
cellular response to gravitational stimulus
A translocon complex that contains a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs); in budding yeast the core proteins are Ssh1p, Sbh2p, and Sss1p. The Ssh1 translocon complex is involved in the cotranslational pathway of protein transport across the ER membrane, and recognizes proteins bearing strongly hydrophobic signal sequences.
cellular response to mechanical stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
negative regulation of translational initiation in response to starvation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
downregulation of translation initiation in response to starvation
down regulation of translation initiation in response to starvation
down-regulation of translation initiation in response to starvation
inhibition of translation initiation in response to starvation
negative regulation of translational initiation in response to nutrient starvation
regulation of translational initiation in response to starvation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
regulation of translational initiation in response to nutrient starvation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid.
positive regulation of translational initiation in response to starvation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
activation of translation initiation in response to starvation
positive regulation of translational initiation in response to nutrient starvation
stimulation of translation initiation in response to starvation
upregulation of translation initiation in response to starvation
up regulation of translation initiation in response to starvation
up-regulation of translation initiation in response to starvation
Any process that generates L-methionine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
'de novo' L-methionine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid, from simpler components.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-homocysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homocysteine, 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-butanol, an alkyl primary alcohol with the formula C4H10O.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-butanol, an alkyl primary alcohol with the formula C4H10O.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of morphine, 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol. Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug obtained form the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving morphine, 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol. Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug obtained form the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cesium stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(III) ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnesium ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platinum stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalamin (vitamin B12) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B1 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B3 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B2 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B6 stimulus. Vitamin B6 encompasses pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.
cellular response to DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate
cellular response to DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate
cellular response to O-Acetyl-alpha-tocopherol
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phylloquinone (vitamin K1) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menaquinone (vitamin K2) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.
cellular response to isoquinoline alkaloid
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isoquinoline alkaloid stimulus. An isoquinoline alkaloid is any member of a group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine which is a structure characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzoic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.
cellular response to adenosine 5'-triphosphate
cellular response to adenosine triphosphate
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
cellular response to guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
cellular response to adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.
cellular response to carbohydrate stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannitol stimulus.
cellular response to disaccharide stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disaccharide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus.
cellular response to monosaccharide stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monosaccharide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a maltose stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexose stimulus.
cellular response to trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fructose stimulus.
The multiplication or reproduction of hair follicle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rhamnose stimulus.
cellular response to L-rhamnose stimulus
negative regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
downregulation of hair follicle cell proliferation
down regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation
down-regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation
inhibition of hair follicle cell proliferation
regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3. MLL1/MLL is the catalytic methyltransferase subunit, and the complex also contains the core components ASH2L, HCFC1/HCF1 WDR5 and RBBP5.
positive regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
activation of hair follicle cell proliferation
stimulation of hair follicle cell proliferation
upregulation of hair follicle cell proliferation
up regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation
up-regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation
A component of the cell division site that contains the mid1, cdr2, wee1, klp8, and blt1 proteins, and is involved in contractile ring localization. Medial cortical node complexes appear as cortical dots in the middle of the cell during interphase, and function to recruit other ring components in early mitosis.
skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering
The accumulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channels in a narrow, central region of muscle fibers, in apposition to nerve terminals.
skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering
obsolete negative regulation of establishment of actomyosin contractile ring localization
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a contractile ring is assembled in a specific location.
regulation of establishment of actomyosin contractile ring localization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a contractile ring is assembled in a specific location that contributes to cytokinesis during cell cycle.
regulation of establishment of contractile ring localisation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
regulation of establishment of contractile ring localization involved in cell cycle cytokinesis
regulation of establishment of contractile ring localization involved in cytokinesis during cell cycle
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving diphosphate, the anion or salt of diphosphoric acid.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-12 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-11 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-15 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-2 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-9 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type I interferon stimulus. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
cellular response to tumor necrosis factor
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.
cellular response to double-stranded RNA
cellular response to type III interferon
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type III interferon stimulus. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.
cellular response to exogenous double-stranded RNA
cellular response to growth factor stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auxin stimulus.
cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.
cellular response to brassinosteroid stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.
cellular response to indolebutyric acid stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indolebutyric acid stimulus.
cellular response to indole-3-butyric acid stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethylene (ethene) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokinin stimulus.
cellular response to gonadotropin stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus.
cellular response to gonadotrophin stimulus
cellular response to gibberellin stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.
cellular response to gibberellic acid stimulus
cellular response to luteinizing hormone stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus.
cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.
cellular response to follicle stimulating hormone stimulus
cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.
cellular response to polypeptide hormone stimulus
cellular response to parathyroid hormone stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.
cellular response to corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.
cellular response to corticoliberin stimulus
cellular response to corticotropin-releasing factor stimulus
cellular response to prostaglandin stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.
cellular response to growth hormone stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone stimulus. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that binds to the growth hormone receptor and stimulates growth.
cellular response to prostaglandin F stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin F stimulus.
cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.
cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.
cellular response to prostaglandin I stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin I stimulus.
cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
cellular response to corticosteroid stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions.
cellular response to hydrocortisone stimulus
cellular response to corticosterone stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses.
cellular response to mineralocorticoid stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisone stimulus. Cortisone is a natural glucocorticoid steroid hormone that is metabolically convertible to cortisol. Cortisone is synthesized from cholesterol in the cortex of the adrenal gland under the stimulation of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). The main physiological effect of cortisone is on carbohydrate metabolism; it can stimulate increased glucose release from the liver, increased liver glycogen synthesis, and decreased utilization of glucose by the tissues.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.
cellular response to 17alpha-ethynylestradiol
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.
cellular response to progesterone stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.
cellular response to jasmonic acid stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus.
cellular response to testosterone stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triglyceride stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oleic acid stimulus.
cellular response to high density lipoprotein particle stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
cellular response to high-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
response to high density lipoprotein particle
response to high density lipoprotein particle stimulus
cellular response to lipoprotein particle stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoprotein particle stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methanol stimulus.
cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
response to low density lipoprotein particle
response to low-density lipoprotein particle
response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
cellular response to organic cyclic compound
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
cellular response to organic cyclic substance
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloheximide stimulus. Cycloheximide (actidione) is an antibiotic produced by some Streptomyces species which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloalkane stimulus. A cycloalkane is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoxetine stimulus. Fluoxetine increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclopentenone stimulus. Cyclopentenones are oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are structurally similar to jasmonic acid, but contain a reactive unsaturated carbonyl structure in the cyclo-ring. Cyclopentenones include phytoprostanes and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a genistein stimulus.
cellular response to purine-containing compound
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.
cellular response to organonitrogen compound
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tropane stimulus. Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound mainly known for a group of alkaloids derived from it (called tropane alkaloids), which include, among others, atropine and cocaine.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amphetamine stimulus. Amphetamines consist of a group of compounds related to alpha-methylphenethylamine.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amine stimulus. An amine is a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.
A process in which a manganese ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histamine stimulus. Histamine, the biogenic amine 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine, is involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.
A process in which a malate ion is transported across a membrane.
The process in which succinate is transported across a membrane.
The expansion of a hematopoietic stem cell population by cell division. A hematopoietic stem cell is a stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop.
rRNA (cytosine-N4-)-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N(4)-methylcytidine in rRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
obsolete mRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex export from nucleus
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains messenger RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
obsolete ribonucleoprotein complex export from nucleus
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
obsolete snRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex export from nucleus
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
obsolete rRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex export from nucleus
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains ribosomal RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
obsolete tRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex export from nucleus
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains transfer RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
obsolete pre-miRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex export from nucleus
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains pre-microRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
A process of cell wall organization that results in the restoration of the cell wall following damage.
peptide mating pheromone maturation involved in positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
mating-type peptide pheromone maturation involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
peptide mating pheromone formation involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
peptide mating pheromone processing involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of angiotensin.
OBSOLETE. A cell projection that emerges from the ECM-facing surface of a cell, is enriched in actin and associated cytoskeletal proteins, and displays localized proteolytic activity toward the substrate.
A protein complex that consists of three clathrin heavy chains and three clathrin light chains, organized into a symmetrical three-legged structure called a triskelion. In clathrin-coated vesicles clathrin is the main component of the coat and forms a polymeric mechanical scaffold on the vesicle surface.
OBSOLETE. The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding an invadopodium.
obsolete negative regulation of histone H3-K14 acetylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
obsolete regulation of histone H3-K14 acetylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
Binding to DNA sequences encoding transfer RNA.
obsolete positive regulation of histone H3-K14 acetylation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
obsolete cellular response to protein stimulus
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.
cellular response to salicylic acid stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salicylic acid stimulus.
cellular response to salicylate stimulus
cellular response to lipid hydroperoxide
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
cellular response to alkyl hydroperoxide
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.
cellular response to increased oxygen tension
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.
cellular response to anaerobic conditions
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
cellular response to lowered oxygen tension
protein localization to chromosome, centromeric region
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centromeric region of a chromosome.
protein localisation to chromosome, centromeric region
protein localization to chromosome, centric region
obsolete integral component of cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating redox state. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.
cellular response to cell-matrix adhesion
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell-matrix adhesion.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.
cellular response to hydrostatic pressure
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it.
cellular response to biomechanical stress
cellular response to static fluid pressure
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH > 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
cellular response to non-ionic osmotic stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
cellular response to ionic osmotic stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
cellular response to hyperosmotic salt stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
cellular response to hypotonic salt stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hypotonic environment, i.e. an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.
cellular response to ionizing radiation stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.
cellular response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).
cellular response to X-ray radiation stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.
cellular response to blue light stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.
cellular response to low light intensity stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2.
cellular response to high light intensity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.
cellular response to red or far red light
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
cellular response to very low light intensity stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
cellular response to far red light stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.
cellular response to medium wave ultraviolet light stimulus
cellular response to medium wave ultraviolet radiation stimulus
cellular response to UV-B light stimulus
cellular response to UVB radiation stimulus
cellular response to UV-B radiation stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.
cellular response to UV-A light stimulus
cellular response to UVA radiation stimulus
cellular response to UV-A radiation stimulus
cellular response to endogenous stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.
cellular response to germicidal ultraviolet light stimulus
cellular response to germicidal ultraviolet radiation stimulus
cellular response to shortwave ultraviolet light stimulus
cellular response to shortwave ultraviolet radiation stimulus
cellular response to UV-C light stimulus
cellular response to UVC radiation stimulus
cellular response to UV-C radiation stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.
cellular response to laminar fluid shear stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus.
cellular response to temperature stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycophenolic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus.
A MAPK cascade that is part of a pheromone response ending in conjugation with cellular fusion.
conjugation with cellular fusion, MAPKKK cascade
MAPK cascade involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
MAPKKK cascade involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
MAPKKK cascade involved in mating response
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycophenolic acid stimulus.
obsolete activation of MAPKK activity involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
OBSOLETE. Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
obsolete activation of MAPK activity involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
OBSOLETE. Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
obsolete inactivation of MAPK activity involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
OBSOLETE. Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
obsolete activation of MAPKKK activity involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
OBSOLETE. Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase complex
A protein complex that catalyzes decarboxylation of 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine to yield 4'-phosphopantetheine; this is the third step in the biosynthesis of Coenzyme A. The complex is homotrimeric in many eukaryotes, but is a heterotrimer in Saccharomyces.
obsolete MAPK import into nucleus involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus that occurs in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
A genomic imprinting process in which a stable single-strand DNA lesion triggers programmed gene conversion at the mating-type locus, thereby restricting mating-type interconversion to one of the two sister chromatids during DNA replication.
The establishment of epigenetic modifications (imprints) during gametogenesis, leading to an asymmetry between the maternal and paternal alleles, leading to differential expression of the corresponding alleles. This can happen through heterochromatin formation or through differential chromatin loop formation.
obsolete maintenance of imprinting at mating-type locus
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in preserving the structure of a stable single-strand DNA lesion that triggers programmed gene conversion at the mating-type locus, thereby restricting mating-type interconversion to one of the two sister chromatids during DNA replication.
obsolete establishment of imprinting at mating-type locus
OBSOLETE. The initial formation of a stable single-strand DNA lesion that triggers programmed gene conversion at the mating-type locus, thereby restricting mating-type interconversion to one of the two sister chromatids during DNA replication.
actomyosin contractile ring actin filament bundle assembly
A process of actin filament bundle formation that occurs in the context of assembling an actomyosin contractile ring during cytokinesis.
actin filament bundle assembly involved in actomyosin contractile ring formation
actin filament bundle assembly involved in cytokinetic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxy-pentane-2,3-dione + ATP = 5-phospho-4-hydroxy-pentane-2,3-dione (P-DPD) + ADP.
4,5-dihydroxy-pentane-2,3-dione kinase activity
A protein complex formed by the association of the small GTPase Cdc42 with additional proteins. In Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains the Cdc42, Ras1, Scd1, Scd2, andShk1 proteins, and functions in the Ras1-Scd GTPase signalling pathway.
actomyosin contractile ring assembly actin filament bundle convergence
A process of actin filament bundle distribution that occurs in the context of assembling an actomyosin contractile ring during cytokinesis, and that results in the compaction of actin filaments into a tight ring.
actin filament bundle convergence involved in actomyosin contractile ring formation
actin filament bundle convergence involved in cytokinetic actomyosin contractile ring assembly
obsolete TIR domain-mediated complex assembly
OBSOLETE. A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a TIR domain interaction.
Catalysis of the reaction: ureidoglycine + H2O = S-ureidoglycolate + NH3.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.
monomethylamine methyltransferase cofactor lysine adduct metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.
monomethylamine methyltransferase cofactor lysine adduct biosynthetic process
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand that contributes to outflow tract morphogenesis.
semaphorin-plexin signalling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.
The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited into the initial acellular cementum.
The directed movement from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a tRNA that was previously exported to the cytoplasm and then imported back into the nucleus. The processes of primary tRNA export and secondary export (re-export) can be distinguished because in organisms in which tRNA splicing occurs in the cytoplasm, the export of a mature tRNA must occur by re-export.
obsolete Rel homology domain-mediated complex assembly
OBSOLETE. A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a Rel homology domain (RHD) interaction.
obsolete FHA domain-mediated complex assembly
OBSOLETE. A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by an FHA (forkhead-associated) domain interaction.
obsolete ankyrin repeat-mediated complex assembly
OBSOLETE. A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by an ankyrin repeat interaction.
Binding to an ankyrin repeat of a protein. Ankyrin repeats are tandemly repeated modules of about 33 amino acids; each repeat folds into a helix-loop-helix structure with a beta-hairpin/loop region projecting out from the helices at a 90-degree angle, and repeats stack to form an L-shaped structure.
Binding to a RING-like zinc finger domain domain of a protein. The RING-like domain is a zinc finger domain that is related to the C3HC4 RING finger domain.
obsolete zf-TRAF domain-mediated complex assembly
OBSOLETE. A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a TRAF-type zinc finger (zf-TRAF) domain interaction.
obsolete C3HC4-type RING finger domain-mediated complex assembly
OBSOLETE. A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a C3HC4-type RING finger domain interaction.
obsolete RING-like zinc finger domain-mediated complex assembly
OBSOLETE. A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a RING-like zinc finger domain interaction.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centrosome.
obsolete SH2 domain-mediated complex assembly
OBSOLETE. A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by an SH2 domain interaction.
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex, eIF3m
An eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex that contains the PCI-domain protein eIF3m.
eIF3m-containing eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex, eIF3e
An eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex that contains the PCI-domain protein eIF3e.
eIF3e-containing eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex
diphosphoinositol polyphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a diphosphoinositol polyphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol with one or more diphosphate groups and multiple monophosphate groups attached.
diphosphoinositol polyphosphate metabolism
The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
myo-inositol phosphate catabolic process
diphosphoinositol polyphosphate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a diphosphoinositol polyphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol with one or more diphosphate groups and multiple monophosphate groups attached.
diphosphoinositol polyphosphate breakdown
diphosphoinositol polyphosphate catabolism
diphosphoinositol polyphosphate degradation
A P granule that contains the PIWIL4-TDRD9 module, a set of proteins that act in the secondary piRNA pathway.
A P granule that contains the PIWIL2-TDRD1 module, a set of proteins that act in the primary piRNA pathway. The pi-body corresponds to the cementing material between mitochondria found in gonocytes.
cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.
Binding to a RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) of a protein. The RHIM is a 16-amino-acid motif found in some members, including RIP3, of a family of related kinases.
death-inducing signaling complex assembly
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a death domain (DD) interaction, as part of the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
death domain-mediated complex assembly involved in extrinsic apoptotic pathway
death-inducing signaling complex formation
death-inducing signalling complex assembly
G protein-coupled pyrimidinergic nucleotide receptor activity
Combining with a pyrimidine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
G protein coupled pyrimidinergic nucleotide receptor activity
G-protein coupled pyrimidinergic nucleotide receptor activity
pyrimidinergic nucleotide receptor activity, G protein coupled
pyrimidinergic nucleotide receptor activity, G-protein coupled
obsolete RIP homotypic interaction motif-mediated complex assembly
OBSOLETE. A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) interaction.
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
cell wall organisation in other organism
cell wall organization at cellular level
cell wall organization in other organism
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall.
cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
cellular cell wall organization or biogenesis
cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 27 of the histone.
obsolete integral component of lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the lumenal side of the membrane.
response to transforming growth factor beta
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
histone H3K27me2/H3K27me3 demethylase activity
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri- or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 27 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.
histone demethylase activity (H3-K27 specific)
histone H3-tri/di-methyl-lysine-27 demethylase activity
An organelle membrane contact site formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p.
cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
A protein complex that is involved in transport of vacuoles to a newly formed daughter cell. In yeast, this complex is composed of Myo2p, Vac17p, and Vac8p.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nucleus-vacuole junction (NVJ), membrane contact sites formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p. The NVJ plays roles in piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus and in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway.
A SWI/SNF-type complex that is found in post-mitotic neurons, and in human contains actin and proteins encoded by the ARID1A/BAF250A or ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, SMARCB1/BAF47, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC2/BAF170, DPF1/BAF45B, DPF3/BAF45C, ACTL6B/BAF53B genes. The nBAF complex along with CREST plays a role regulating the activity of genes essential for dendrite growth.
A SWI/SNF-type complex that is found in neural stem or progenitor cells, and in human contains actin and proteins encoded by the ARID1A/BAF250A or ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, SMARCB1/BAF47, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC2/BAF170, PHF10/BAF45A, ACTL6A/BAF53A genes. The npBAF complex is essential for the self-renewal/proliferative capacity of the multipotent neural stem cells.
A thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves UFM1 from a target protein to which it is conjugated.
Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier UFM1, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein UFM1 to another protein.
Catalysis of the transfer of UFM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-UFM1 + Y --> Y-UFM1 + X, where both X-UFM1 and Y-UFM1 are covalent linkages.
obsolete LRR domain-mediated complex assembly
OBSOLETE. A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by an LRR (leucine-rich repeat) domain interaction.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cement gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cement gland is a simple mucus-secreting organ positioned at the anterior of amphibious embryos. The cement gland attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a shelterin complex. A shelterin complex is a nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase.
The modification of histone H3 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 56 of the histone.
obsolete integral component of external side of plasma membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the external side of the membrane.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the medial cortex.
A process in which a zinc II ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Binding to tetrahydrodictyopterin, the pterin 2-amino-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
high-affinity zinc II ion transmembrane import
regulation of zinc ion transmembrane import
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zinc ion import.
regulation of zinc ion transmembrane transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other.
regulation of zinc ion membrane transport
negative regulation of zinc ion transmembrane transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other.
negative regulation of zinc ion membrane transport
negative regulation of zinc ion transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cadmium ion. These may include transport of cadmium away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of cadmium ion.
negative regulation of zinc ion transmembrane import
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zinc ion import.
The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins.
The second process in a series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins, in which the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX) are removed by proteolysis.
pyridine nucleoside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any pyridine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.
hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
hydrogen peroxide mediated signalling pathway
nicotinic acid riboside metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinic acid riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinic acid.
D-ribosylnicotinic acid metabolic process
nicotinamide riboside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.
N-ribosylnicotinamide biosynthetic process
The adhesion of one lymphocyte to one or more other lymphocytes via adhesion molecules.
nicotinic acid riboside biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinic acid riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinic acid.
D-ribosylnicotinic acid biosynthetic process
A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that is involved in nuclear envelope organization, and contains proteins known in budding yeast as Nem1p and Spo7p.
The adhesion of one thymocyte (an immature T cell) to one or more other thymocytes via adhesion molecules.
Crater-like ring of chitinous scar tissue located on the surface of the daughter cell, in budding fungi, at the site of separation from the mother cell. It is formed after the newly emerged daughter cell separates, thereby marking the site of cytokinesis and septation.
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the N-end rule pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the N-end rule pathway. In the N-end rule pathway, destabilizing N-terminal residues (N-degrons) in substrates are recognized by E3 ligases (N-recognins), whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation.
ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown via the N-end rule pathway
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism via the N-end rule pathway
ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation via the N-end rule pathway
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otic vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that is found in the cytoplasm of axons and dendrites, and transports translationally silenced mRNAs to dendritic synapses, where they are released and translated in response to specific exogenous stimuli.
A nuclear body that is found in the germinal vesicles of amphibian oocytes, and consist of three major parts: a remarkably spherical body about 5-10 pm in diameter, smaller spherical or nearly spherical granules on the surface, and inclusions of various sizes that strongly resemble the surface granules. The parts of the sphere organelle have distinct compositions, including splicing snRNAs and proteins.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the otic vesicle are generated and organized. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.
The attachment of an endothelial cell to another endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytosphingosine, (2S,3S,4R)-2-aminooctadecane-1,3,4-triol.
monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production
The appearance of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
transforming growth factor beta production
The appearance of any member of the transforming growth factor-beta family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Transforming growth factor-beta family members include TGF-B1, TGF-B2, and TGF-B3.
transforming growth factor-beta production
transforming growth factor-beta secretion
macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma production
The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 9 production
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
macrophage inflammatory protein production
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted production
macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha production
The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 production
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production
The appearance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte) production
granulocyte colony stimulating factor production
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of granzyme B due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of IP-10 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 10 production
OBSOLETE. The process of removing one or more ethyl groups from a molecule, involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms in the substrate.
Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts linoleic acid to a cis-epoxyoctadecenoic acid.
lysophospholipid acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to a lysophospholipid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.
obsolete phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group onto a serine residue at position 2 within the heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Typically, phosphorylation of serine 2 (Ser2) occurs subsequent to phosphorylation of serine 5 and is thus seen in the middle and 3' ends of genes. In vivo, Ser2 phosphorylation is primarily performed by CTDK-I in S. cerevisiae or CDK9 in metazoans.
lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to lysophosphatidylethanolamine.
The movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.
obsolete phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 5 residues
OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group onto a serine residue at position 5 within the heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Typically, phosphorylation of serine 5 (Ser5) occurs near the 5' ends of genes. It is generally still observed in the middle of genes, overlapping with phosphorylation of serine 2, but is generally not present at the 3' ends of genes. In vivo, Ser5 phosphorylation occurs primarily through the action of TFIIH (KIN28 in S. cerevisiae, CKD7 in metazoans).
negative regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.
The behavior in which an organism produces sounds by a mechanism involving its respiratory system.
positive regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.
obsolete integral component of fungal-type vacuolar membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of the fungal-type vacuole membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing.
cytoplasm protein quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
cytoplasm-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
cytoplasm-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
cytoplasm-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
ubiquitin-dependent catabolism of misfolded proteins by cytoplasm-associated proteasome
obsolete intrinsic component of fungal-type vacuolar membrane
OBSOLETE. The component of a fungal-type vacuole membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
mating pheromone secretion involved in positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
The regulated release of a mating pheromone, a peptide hormone that induces a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell, that positively regulates a conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.
mating-type pheromone secretion involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
peptide pheromone export involved in positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
nuclear protein quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins via a mechanism in which the proteins are transported to the nucleus for ubiquitination, and then targeted to proteasomes for degradation.
nucleus-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
nucleus-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
nucleus-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
ubiquitin-dependent catabolism of misfolded proteins by nucleus-associated proteasome
Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroceramide + H2O = a fatty acid + dihydrosphingosine.
Eye, head or whole body movements that help to compensate movements of the environment in order to stabilize its image on the retina. In the case of whole body movements, these motor actions may also stabilize a locomotor course in response to some disturbance. Examples include: the optokinetic reflex, which allows human eyes to follow objects in motion while the head remains stationary reflex; the optomotor responses of flying insects and swimming fish.
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
negative regulation of TGFbeta production
negative regulation of TGF-beta production
negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta production
negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta secretion
regulation of transforming growth factor beta production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
regulation of transforming growth factor-beta production
regulation of transforming growth factor-beta secretion
regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
positive regulation of TGFbeta production
positive regulation of TGF-beta production
positive regulation of transforming growth factor-beta production
positive regulation of transforming growth factor-beta secretion
positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
negative regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 production
negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein production
negative regulation of MIP-1a production
regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 production
regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein production
regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4.
positive regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 production
positive regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein production
positive regulation of MIP-1a production
positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4.
positive regulation of MIP-1b production
negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4.
negative regulation of MIP-1b production
negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma.
negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 9 production
negative regulation of MIP-1g production
regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma.
regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 9 production
regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
regulation of Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted production
positive regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma.
positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 9 production
positive regulation of MIP-1g production
positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
positive regulation of RANTES production
positive regulation of Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted production
negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
negative regulation of RANTES production
negative regulation of Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted production
negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.
negative regulation of T cell activation 3 production
regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.
regulation of T cell activation 3 production
regulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
regulation of colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte) production
regulation of granulocyte colony stimulating factor production
positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.
positive regulation of T cell activation 3 production
positive regulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
positive regulation of colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte) production
positive regulation of filgrastim production
positive regulation of granulocyte colony stimulating factor production
positive regulation of lenograstim production
positive regulation of pluripoietin production
negative regulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
negative regulation of colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte) production
negative regulation of filgrastim production
negative regulation of granulocyte colony stimulating factor production
negative regulation of lenograstim production
negative regulation of pluripoietin production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of IP-10.
negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 10 production
negative regulation of CXCL10 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of IP-10.
regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 10 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granzyme B.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of IP-10.
positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 10 production
positive regulation of CXCL10 production
positive regulation of granzyme B production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granzyme B.
negative regulation of granzyme B production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granzyme B.
A protein complex that contains gamma-catenin and TCF7L2 (TCF4), binds to the TCF DNA motif within a promoter element, and is involved in the regulation of WNT target gene transcription.
A protein complex that contains a catenin and TCF7L2 (TCF4), binds to the TCF DNA motif within a promoter element, and is involved in the regulation of WNT target gene transcription.
A protein-carbohydrate complex that consists of a transmembrane roundabout (Robo) receptor, an extracellular Slit ligand and heparin/heparan sulfate.
plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.
plant-type cell wall organisation or biogenesis
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.
regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.
The directed movement of a smooth muscle cell in response to an external stimulus.
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.
activation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis
stimulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis
upregulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis
up regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis
up-regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.
downregulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis
down regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis
down-regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis
inhibition of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis
regulation of mononuclear cell migration
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
The movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
activation of mononuclear cell migration
stimulation of mononuclear cell migration
upregulation of mononuclear cell migration
up regulation of mononuclear cell migration
up-regulation of mononuclear cell migration
negative regulation of mononuclear cell migration
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
downregulation of mononuclear cell migration
down regulation of mononuclear cell migration
down-regulation of mononuclear cell migration
inhibition of mononuclear cell migration
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a commissural neuron is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a neuron in the olfactory bulb is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indole-3-methanol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indole-3-methanol stimulus.
A dendrite that is found on a sensory neuron, and directly transduces a sensory signal from the sensory neuron to another neuron.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endocytic vesicle.
An NADH dehydrogenase complex that catalyzes the transfer of electrons to plastoquinone. The complex is involved in the non-photochemical reduction of plastoquinones and the cyclic electron transport around photosystem I, and is found in plastid thylakoids.
organism emergence from protective structure
The developmental process in which an organism emerges from a surrounding protective structure such as an egg or pupa case.
OBSOLETE. The part of the horsetail nucleus where telomeres cluster under the SPB and that leads horsetail movement. The horsetail nucleus is the elongated nucleus which forms during the rapid oscillatory movement at meiotic prophase; characterized in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
OBSOLETE. The elongated nucleus which forms during the rapid oscillatory movement at meiotic prophase; characterized in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.
striated muscle myosin thick filament assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in cardiac muscle.
cardiac muscle myosin thick filament assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in cardiac muscle.
protein transport within extracellular region
The directed movement of proteins in the extracellular region, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
protein localization to extracellular region
Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location.
protein localisation in extracellular region
protein localization in extracellular region
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure to attain its fully functional state.
maintenance of protein location in extracellular region
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location within the extracellular region and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
The process in which the anatomical structures of an ectodermal placode are generated and organized. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.
The progression of an ectodermal placode over time from its initial formation until its mature state. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the olfactory placode are generated and organized. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
The progression of the olfactory placode over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
regulation of cytoplasmic translocation of MAP kinase
regulation of cytoplasmic translocation of mitogen-activated protein kinase
regulation of MAPK export from cell nucleus
regulation of MAPK export out of nucleus
regulation of MAPK transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the olfactory placode to attain its fully functional state. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
The series of events in which an organic substance stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
The directed movement of organic substances into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic substance is a molecular entity that contains carbon.
The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon.
organic molecular entity metabolic process
immunoglobulin heavy chain V-D-J recombination
The process in which immunoglobulin heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
The appearance of any member of the TNF superfamily due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane.
immunoglobulin light chain V-J recombination
The process in which immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the basement membrane.
membrane macromolecule biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a membrane in a cell.
para-aminobenzoyl-glutamate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: para-aminobenzoyl-glutamate + H2O = para-aminobenzoate + L-glutamate.
ER-associated misfolded protein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
endoplasmic reticulum-associated misfolded protein catabolic process
endoplasmic reticulum-associated misfolded protein catabolism
ER-associated misfolded protein breakdown
ER-associated misfolded protein catabolism
ER-associated misfolded protein degradation
proteasomal protein catabolism of misfolded ER proteins
The directed movement of icosanoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Icosanoids are unsaturated C20 fatty acids and skeletally related compounds.
icosanoid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of icosanoids from one side of a membrane to the other.
eicosanoid transmembrane transporter activity
The directed movement of thromboxanes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A thromboxane is any of a class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.
The directed movement of leukotrienes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Leukotrienes are linear C20 endogenous metabolites of arachidonic acid (icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid) containing a terminal carboxy function and four or more double bonds (three or more of which are conjugated) as well as other functional groups.
sodium-independent leukotriene transport
The directed, sodium-independent, movement of leukotrienes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Leukotrienes are linear C20 endogenous metabolites of arachidonic acid (icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid) containing a terminal carboxy function and four or more double bonds (three or more of which are conjugated) as well as other functional groups.
The directed, sodium-independent, movement of icosanoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Icosanoids are unsaturated C20 fatty acids and skeletally related compounds.
sodium-independent thromboxane transport
The directed, sodium-independent, movement of thromboxanes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A thromboxane is any of a class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.
sodium-independent prostaglandin transport
The directed, sodium-independent, movement of prostaglandins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Binding to a lipopeptide, any of a group of organic compounds comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds and containing a nonprotein group consisting of a lipid or lipids.
detoxification of arsenic-containing substance
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides. These include transport of such compounds away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of arsenic or arsenic-containing compounds.
response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
response to triacylated bacterial lipoprotein
response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
response to diacylated bacterial lipoprotein
cellular response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
cellular response to triacylated bacterial lipoprotein
cellular response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
cellular response to diacylated bacterial lipoprotein
The process in which the anatomical structures of the beak are generated and organized. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.
The progression of the beak over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus.
The process that gives rise to the beak. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.
obsolete transcriptional activation by promoter-enhancer looping
OBSOLETE. The formation and maintenance of DNA loops that juxtapose the promoter and enhancer regions of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes and activate transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgG immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
biotin-[pyruvate-carboxylase] ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(pyruvate-carboxylase) = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-(pyruvate-carboxylase).
biotin-[pyruvate carboxylase] ligase activity
biotin-[pyruvate carboxylase] synthetase activity
biotin-pyruvate-carboxylase ligase activity
biotin-pyruvate carboxylase synthetase activity
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgD immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
IgD immunoglobulin complex, GPI-anchored
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and bound via a GPI-anchor to the plasma membrane of B cells.
An IgD immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgE immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and sometimes complexed with J chain or J chain and secretory component. An IgA immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
An IgE immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgA immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, sometimes complexed with J chain or J chain and secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two, three, or four monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complexes linked through both direct disulfide bonds and through disulfide binded monomers of J chain acting as a bridge. Each IgA monomer consists of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Dimeric IgA is sometimes complexed additionally with secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex that is complexed with one chain of secretory component (SC). Polymeric IgA is present in mucosal areas, having been transported via a transcytosis mechanism in mucosal epithelial cells relying on the polymeric Ig receptor, a portion of which then remains bound to the polymeric IgA as secretory component.
A protein complex composed of two monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complexes linked through both direct disulfide bonds and through a disulfide binded monomer of J chain acting as a bridge. Each IgA monomer consists of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Dimeric IgA is sometimes complexed additionally with secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and in its circulating form complexed with J chain in polymeric forms. An IgM immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
secretory dimeric IgA immunoglobulin complex
A dimeric form of secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex.
An IgM immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
A polymer of five or six IgM core units each composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds; the individual IgM core units are held together via disulfide bonds with a single J chain polypeptide acting as a bridge between two of the polymeric units. Circulating IgM is present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or in the blood or lymph.
A circulating form of IgM consisting of a hexamer of IgM core units with a single J chain polypeptide.
A circulating form of IgM consisting of a pentamer of IgM core units with a single J chain polypeptide.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgX isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgX immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgW isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgW immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgZ isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. The IgZ isotype is also known as the IgT isotype in certain species of fish.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgY isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgY immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane.
nuclear membrane organization and biogenesis
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgNAR isotype held together by disulfide bonds and lacking immunoglobulin light chains.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner membrane.
nuclear inner membrane organization and biogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear outer membrane.
nuclear outer membrane organization and biogenesis
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mycolic acids, beta-hydroxy fatty acids with a long alpha-alkyl side chain.
Actinobacterium-type cell wall biogenesis
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Actinobacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane. Actinobacterial cell walls contain characteristic mycolic acids, of which some are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan and others accumulate at the cell surface.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including arabinogalactan mycolate and trehalose dimycolate, to form the mycolate layer of the Actinobacterium-type cell wall. The mycolate layer is physically attached to the peptidoglycan layer.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycolic acids, beta-hydroxy fatty acids with a long alpha-alkyl side chain.
Catalysis of the reaction: a C(n) aldehyde = C(n-1) alkane + CO.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including (phenyl)phthiocerol, phthiodiolone, phthiotriol dimycocerosate and diphthioceranate, to form the DIM/DIP layer of the Actinobacterium-type cell wall.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.
cellular response to bone morphogenetic protein stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.
response to bone morphogenetic protein stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fibroblast growth factor stimulus.
response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus
OBSOLETE. A SWI/SNF-type complex that directly interacts with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) through the Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF), and mediates the recruitment of unliganded VDR to VDR target sites in promoters. The WINAC complex contains at least 13 subunits, including WSTF, several SWI/SNF components, and DNA replication-related factors.
A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum consisting of flattened, disc-shaped domains known as cisternae. These are typically found close to the nucleus and are generally more prominent in secretory cells.
endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.
endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network organisation
A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum consisting of tubules having membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network maintenance
The organization process that preserves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network in a stable functional or structural state. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.
endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.
endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network formation
endoplasmic reticulum tubular network formation
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
endoplasmic reticulum tubular network assembly
endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that that has membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organisation
endoplasmic reticulum tubular network maintenance
The organization process that preserves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network in a stable functional or structural state. The ER tubular network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
Binding to chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted binding
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bacillithiol, the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid. Bacillithiol, produced widely in the Firmicutes and sporadically in other bacterial lineages, is a low-molecular-weight thiol analogous to mycothiol in the Actinomycetes and glutathione in many species.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacillithiol, the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid. Bacillithiol, produced widely in the Firmicutes and sporadically in other bacterial lineages, is a low-molecular-weight thiol analogous to mycothiol in the Actinomycetes and glutathione in many species.
K11-linked polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding
Binding to a protein upon poly-ubiquitination formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 in the target protein.
Binding to a CAP-Gly domain of a protein. The CAP_Gly domain is a conserved, glycine-rich domain of about 42 residues found in some cytoskeleton-associated proteins, and features a novel protein fold containing three beta-sheets.
A ubiquitin ligase complex that catalyzes linear head-to-tail polyubiquitin conjugation on its targets. In human the complex consists of RBCK1, RNF31 and SHARPIN, and has an MW of approximately 600 kDa, suggesting a heteromultimeric assembly of its subunits. LUBAC stands for Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex.
K6-linked polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding
Binding to a protein upon poly-ubiquitination formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 in the target protein.
cellular response to prostaglandin D stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin D stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin D stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of podosome assembly.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a podosome, an actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell.
positive regulation of podosome assembly
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of podosome assembly.
negative regulation of podosome assembly
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of podosome assembly.
A process in which a potassium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
replication fork arrest involved in DNA replication termination
A replication fork arrest process that contributes to the termination of DNA replication.
The process in which a protein is transported across a membrane.
regulation of fever generation by regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of fever generation via regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.
An axoneme part that is found in the flagella of mammalian sperm and is located in the middle piece between the outer dense fibers (on the concave side of outer dense fibers as seen in cross-section).
positive regulation of fever generation by positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis
Any process that increases the rate or extent of fever generation via positive regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.
regulation of fever generation by regulation of prostaglandin secretion
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of fever generation via regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.
Binding to a lipoprotein particle. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.
positive regulation of fever generation by positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion
Any process that increases the rate or extent of fever generation via positive regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.
intermediate-density lipoprotein particle binding
Binding to a intermediate-density lipoprotein particle, a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that typically contains APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of 1.006-1.019 g/ml and a diameter of between 25-30 nm.
intermediate-density lipoprotein binding
Binding to a protein-lipid complex, any macromolecular complex that contains both protein and lipid molecules.
A protein complex that contains the proteins MMS19, MIP18 and XPD, localizes to mitotic spindle during mitosis, and is required for proper chromosome segregation.
tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into ER membrane
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which a tail-anchored (TA) transmembrane protein is incorporated into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. TA transmembrane protein, also named type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C- terminal transmembrane region.
protein insertion of tail-anchored membrane proteins into ER membrane
tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membrane
type II transmembrane protein insertion into ER membrane
A protein complex that forms part of SAGA-type complexes SAGA and SLIK, and mediates deubiquitination of histone H2B. In S. cerevisiae, the DUBm consists of the proteins Ubp8p, Sgf11p, Sus1p, and Sgf73p.
A protein complex found in mammals that transfers tail-anchored (TA) proteins from SGTA to GET3 (ASNA1/TRC4) for targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Also chaperones polypeptides from the endoplasmic reticulum retrotranslocation machinery to the proteasome, maintaining the solubility of substrates to improve ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Consists of BAG6 (BAT3) and its cofactors GET4 (TRC35) and UBL4A.
A protein complex contains the proteins FANCM and MHF, or their orthologs, plays an essential role in DNA remodeling, protects replication forks, and is conserved in eukaryotes.
Binding to an N-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence CACNAG that is found in the promoters of genes expressed preferentially at synapses.
protein-carbohydrate complex subunit organization
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-carbohydrate complex.
protein-carbohydrate complex subunit organisation
protein-lipid complex subunit organization
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-lipid complex.
protein-lipid complex subunit organisation
protein-DNA complex subunit organization
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA complex.
DNA-protein complex subunit organization
protein-DNA complex subunit organisation
plasma lipoprotein particle organization
A protein-lipid complex subunit organization process that results in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a plasma lipoprotein particle. A plasma lipoprotein particle is a spherical particle with a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and/or cholesterol esters, surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins.
plasma lipoprotein particle organisation
ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organization
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a ribonucleoprotein complex.
protein-RNA complex subunit organization
ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organisation
RNA-protein complex subunit organization
The disaggregation of a plasma lipoprotein particle into its constituent components.
The process in which chylomicron remnant-associated apolipoprotein E is internalized by endocytosis, localized to recycling endosomes and then secreted in association with a high-density lipoprotein particle.
intermediate-density lipoprotein particle clearance
The process in which a intermediate-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle clearance
The process in which a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
mating pheromone secretion involved in regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
The regulated release of a mating pheromone, a peptide hormone that induces a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell, that regulates the union or introduction of genetic information from compatible mating types that results in a genetically different individual. Conjugation requires direct cellular contact between the organisms.
mating pheromone secretion involved in regulation of conjugation
mating-type pheromone secretion involved in conjugation
peptide pheromone export involved in regulation of conjugation
The regulated release of a mating pheromone, a peptide hormone that induces a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell, that contributes to a process of sexual reproduction.
Binding to an HMG box domain, a protein domain that consists of three helices in an irregular array. HMG-box domains are found in one or more copies in HMG-box proteins, which form a large, diverse family involved in the regulation of DNA-dependent processes such as transcription, replication, and strand repair, all of which require the bending and unwinding of chromatin.
The controlled release of a nectar by a cell or a tissue. Nectar is a fluid secreted by many angiosperms to promote pollination by providing a reward to pollinators. Nectar may also deter certain organisms from visiting or play other biological roles. Nectar is a complex solution that may include the following types of compounds: sugars, amino acids, organic acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, vitamins, phenolics, metal ions, oils, free fatty acids, and proteins.
The apoptotic process in cells in the bone marrow.
bone marrow cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
programmed cell death, bone marrow cells
programmed cell death of bone marrow cells by apoptosis
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the bone marrow.
cellular component organization or biogenesis
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
cellular component organisation or biogenesis
cellular component organisation or biogenesis at cellular level
cellular component organization or biogenesis at cellular level
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand signaling pathway
TNF-related activation-induced cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11-mediated signaling pathway
An actin filament severing process that results in the removal of actin filament branches specifically at the branch points.
obsolete G1 cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation
OBSOLETE. The process in which the cell cycle is halted during G1 phase, as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade via TNFSF11-mediated signaling
Any TNFSF11-mediated signaling process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade via RANKL-mediated signaling
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade via TNFSF11-mediated signalling
obsolete mitotic G1 cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation
OBSOLETE. The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G1 phase, as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.
A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a fungal-type cell wall.
fungal-type cell wall organization or biogenesis
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a fungal-type cell wall.
fungal-type cell wall organisation or biogenesis
cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in fungal-type cell wall disassembly
The chemical reactions and pathways that result in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall, and contributes to the breakdown of the fungal-type cell wall.
regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow
A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.
regulation of bone marrow cell proliferation
regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow
positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.
activation of cell proliferation in bone marrow
positive regulation of bone marrow cell proliferation
stimulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow
upregulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow
up regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow
up-regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan.
negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
downregulation of apoptosis in bone marrow
down regulation of apoptosis in bone marrow
down-regulation of apoptosis in bone marrow
negative regulation of apoptosis in bone marrow
negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow
negative regulation of bone marrow cell apoptosis
negative regulation of bone marrow cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
negative regulation of killing of bone marrow cells
negative regulation of programmed cell death, bone marrow cells
negative regulation of programmed cell death of bone marrow cells by apoptosis
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catecholamine stimulus. A catecholamine is any of a group of biogenic amines that includes 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.
cellular response to catecholamine stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catecholamine stimulus. A catecholamine is any of a group of biogenic amines that includes 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.
cellular response to epinephrine stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.
cellular response to adrenaline stimulus
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an adrenergic receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
cellular response to norepinephrine stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.
cellular response to noradrenaline stimulus
regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway activity. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
regulation of adrenergic receptor signalling pathway
obsolete initiation of adrenergic receptor signal transduction
OBSOLETE. A process of signal initiation in which epinephrine or norepinephrine causes activation of an adrenergic receptor.
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor protein signaling pathway. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
positive regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of adrenergic receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor protein signaling pathway activity. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
negative regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of adrenergic receptor signalling pathway
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an adrenergic receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
adrenergic receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
adrenergic receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by adrenergic receptor signalling pathway
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an adrenergic receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.
activation of adenylate cyclase activity by adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
activation of adenylate cyclase activity by adrenergic receptor signalling pathway
adrenergic receptor, adenylate cyclase activating pathway
adrenergic receptor, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway
MAPK-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand and leading to the activation of a MAP kinase cascade.
activation of MAPK activity by adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
activation of MAPK activity by adrenergic receptor signalling pathway
activation of MAP kinase activity by adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
activation of MAP kinase activity by adrenergic receptor signalling pathway
phospholipase C-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
A phospholipase C-activating receptor G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by ligand binding to an adrenergic receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
activation of phospholipase C activity by adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
activation of phospholipase C activity by adrenergic receptor signalling pathway
adrenergic receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway
N-terminal protein N-methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal amino or imino acid residue of a protein substrate. For example, yeast Tae1p and mammalian family member METTL11A preferentially modify the N-terminal residue of substrates with the N-terminal sequence X-Pro-Lys, where X can be Pro, Ala, or Ser.
Any apoptotic process in a leukocyte, an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding
Binding to the amine 1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine, a serotonin receptor agonist that can act as a psychedelic drug.
(+/-)2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-1-methyl-ethylamine binding
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane binding
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine binding
Binding to a 14-3-3 protein. A 14-3-3 protein is any of a large family of approximately 30kDa acidic proteins which exist primarily as homo- and heterodimers within all eukaryotic cells, and have been implicated in the modulation of distinct biological processes by binding to specific phosphorylated sites on diverse target proteins, thereby forcing conformational changes or influencing interactions between their targets and other molecules. Each 14-3-3 protein sequence can be roughly divided into three sections: a divergent amino terminus, the conserved core region and a divergent carboxy-terminus. The conserved middle core region of the 14-3-3s encodes an amphipathic groove that forms the main functional domain, a cradle for interacting with client proteins.
Any apoptotic process in a macrophage, a mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues.
N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation involved in translation
An N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation process that contributes to translation.
BMP signaling pathway involved in nephric duct formation
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to nephric duct formation.
BMP signalling pathway involved in nephric duct formation
A cell activation process that occurs in thrombocytes and consists of a series of progressive, overlapping events including shape change, adhesiveness, and aggregation, which, when carried through to completion, lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug. Thrombocytes are nucleated cells found in non-mammalian vertebrates and are involved in hemostasis. They are the functional equivalent of the non-nucleated platelets found in mammals.
blood coagulation, thrombocyte activation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of neural crest origin acquires the specialized features of an odontoblast, a cell on the outer surface of the dental pulp whose biological function is the creation of dentin.
histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination
A histone ubiquitination process in which a ubiquitin monomer is added to a conserved lysine residue in the C-terminus of histone H2B. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, and K120 in mammals.
The biosynthetic process resulting in the formation of DNA.
protein localization to adherens junction
Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the adherens junction.
protein localisation in adherens junction
protein localisation in cell-cell adherens junction
protein localisation to adherens junction
protein localisation to cell-cell adherens junction
protein localization in adherens junction
protein localization in cell-cell adherens junction
protein localization to cell-cell adherens junction
obsolete negative regulation of estrogen receptor binding
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen receptor binding, interacting selectively with an estrogen receptor.
obsolete regulation of estrogen receptor binding
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen receptor binding, interacting selectively with a an estrogen receptor.
negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
protein N-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation via asparagine
A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which N-acetylglucosamine is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.
protein amino acid N-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation via asparagine
positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
protein N-linked glucosylation via asparagine
A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which glucose is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(D-glucopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.
protein amino acid N-linked glucosylation via asparagine
protein N-linked N-acetylgalactosaminylation via asparagine
A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which N-acetylgalactosamine is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.
protein amino acid N-linked N-acetylgalactosaminylation via asparagine
determination of digestive tract left/right asymmetry
Determination of the asymmetric location of various parts of the digestive tract with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
determination of gut left/right asymmetry
determination of left/right asymmetry of the digestive tract
Binding to a CRD (context dependent regulatory) domain, a domain of about 130 residues that is the most divergent region among the LEF/TCF proteins.
context dependent regulatory domain binding
determination of stomach left/right asymmetry
Determination of the asymmetric location of the stomach with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.
determination of intestine left/right asymmetry
Determination of the asymmetric location of the intestine loops with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.
Release of neurotransmitter at the synapse that lasts for just a few milliseconds after action potential invasion.
determination of liver left/right asymmetry
Determination of the asymmetric location of the liver with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.
citrate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of citrate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.
Release of neurotransmitter at the synapse that persists for tens to hundreds of milliseconds after action potential invasion.
The addition of lysine group to a lysine residue in a protein, producing N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine. This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, translation elongation factor P (EF-P).
An extracellular membrane-bounded vesicle that contains prominin proteins (in mouse Prom1/CD33 or Prom2) and are found in body fluids including ventricular fluid, saliva, urine and seminal fluid. In the ventricular fluid of the developing mouse brain two major classes of these particles have been observed (P2 particles of 500-1000 nm and P4 particles of 50-80 nm) which likely originate from microvilli, primary cilia and/or the midbody of neuroepithelial cells. The physiological role is not known.
prominin-containing extracellular membrane vesicle
triose-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a triose phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other.
dipeptide transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a dipeptide from one side of a membrane to the other. A dipeptide is a combination of two amino acids linked together by a peptide (-CO-NH-) bond.
A DNA metabolic process that results in the formation of G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad or G-quartet. The stacking of several layers of G-quartets forms G-quadruplexes, in which one or more DNA single strands are assembled in parallel and/or antiparallel, with interactions that can be either intra- or intermolecular in nature.
The process in which urea, the water-soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2, is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to DNA.
A nuclear body that contains proteins involved in pre-mRNA 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation, such as DDX1, CSTF2 and CPSFs, as well as the transcription factors TFIIE and TFIIF. Cleavage bodies are localized adjacent to Cajal bodies and are involved in mRNA3'-end processing.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cohesin complex is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
negative regulation of cohesin association with chromatin
negative regulation of cohesin localisation to chromatin
negative regulation of cohesin localization to chromatin
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cohesin complex is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
regulation of cohesin association with chromatin
regulation of cohesin localisation to chromatin
regulation of cohesin localization to chromatin
The appearance of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 (CCL22) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of octopamine binding to a cell surface receptor.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an endocannabinoid binding to a cell surface receptor. The pathway proceeds with the receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Endocannabinoids are small molecules derived from arachidonic acid, anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol.
The addition of an acetyl group to the lysine 40 residue of alpha-tubulin.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tyramine binding to a cell surface receptor.
positive regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
Any process that activates or increases transcription as part of the G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle.
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G1/S phase of mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
Any process that stop, prevents or decreases transcription as part of the G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle.
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G1/S phase of mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
Binding to an Arp2/3 complex, a protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5).
Replication fork processing that involves the unwinding of blocked forks to form four-stranded structures resembling Holliday junctions, which are subsequently resolved.
octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of octopamine to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to a response to a food stimulus.
octopamine signalling pathway involved in response to food
The process in which thiamine is transported across a membrane. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
coreceptor activity involved in Wnt signaling pathway
In cooperation with a primary Wnt receptor, initiating a change in cell activity through the Wnt signaling pathway.
coreceptor activity involved in Wnt-activated signaling pathway
coreceptor activity involved in Wnt receptor signaling pathway
coreceptor activity involved in Wnt receptor signalling pathway
The directed movement of vitamin A from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. Vitamin A is any of several retinoid derivatives of beta-carotene, primarily retinol, retinal, or retinoic acid.
The directed movement any form of vitamin A into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Vitamin A is any of several retinoid derivatives of beta-carotene, primarily retinol, retinal, or retinoic acid.
A nitrogen compound metabolic process that contributes to the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen cycle is a series of metabolic pathways by which nitrogen is converted between various forms and redox states; it encompasses pathways in which nitrogen is acted upon directly, such as nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, and mineralization.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a fungal-type cell wall.
A transcription factor complex that consists of a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Myc and Max.
A nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in damage sensing during global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER). It is part of the pre-incision (or initial recognition) complex bound to sites of DNA damage. In human, it is composed of XPC, RAD23B and CETN2.
regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility by regulation of motor speed
A process that modulates flagellum-dependent motility in bacteria by modulating the speed or direction of rotation of a rotary flagellar motor, mediated by interactions between the braking protein.
regulation of bacterial-type flagellar cell motility by regulation of motor speed
regulation of bacterial-type flagellum cell motility by regulation of motor speed
regulation of flagellar cell motility by regulation of motor speed
The broad region around and including the plasma membrane of a cell, encompassing the cell cortex (inside the cell), the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures.
protein deubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
The removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein as part of a process of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism.
A DNA replication termination process that is initiated by protein binding to a binding site on the same chromosome, but remote from the termination site, via DNA looping or chromosome kissing.
Binding to the oxidized form, FAD, of flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
oxidized flavine-adenine dinucleotide binding
activation-induced B cell apoptotic process
B cell apoptotic process that occurs upon engagement of either the B cell receptor or CD40. Engagement of either receptor, but not both, leads to expression of fas or related receptors that make the B cell susceptible to fas-ligand mediated death.
activation-induced cell death of B cells
activation-induced cell death of B-cells
activation-induced cell death of B lymphocytes
activation-induced cell death of B-lymphocytes
conversion of methionyl-tRNA to N-formyl-methionyl-tRNA
The modification process that results in the conversion of methionine charged on a tRNA(fMet) to N-formyl-methionine-tRNA(fMet).
Binding to the reduced form, FADH2, of flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
reduced flavine-adenine dinucleotide binding
An supramolecular fiber that consists of an insoluble core of polymerized tropoelastin monomers and a surrounding mantle of microfibrils. Elastic fibers provide elasticity and recoiling to tissues and organs, and maintain structural integrity against mechanical strain.
conversion of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA to cysteinyl-tRNA
The modification process that results in the conversion of O-phosphoserine charged on a tRNA(Cys) to cysteinyl-tRNA.
The directed movement of substances from recycling endosomes to the Golgi.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 (CCL11, also known as eotaxin-1) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The spindle pole body that exists in a cell prior to spindle pole body duplication. An old spindle pole body segregates to the daughter cell upon mitosis, and lacks active proteins involved in signaling exit from mitosis.
maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms
The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the chromosome arms, is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.
maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion along arms
maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion along arms at mitosis
The spindle pole body that is formed by spindle pole body duplication, and to which proteins involved in mitotic exit signaling (for example, the septation initiation network in fission yeast) localize.
The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the chromosome arms during mitosis.
mitotic sister chromatid cohesion along arms
sister chromatid cohesion along arms at mitosis
maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric
The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the centromeric region is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.
maintenance of centromeric mitotic sister chromatin cohesion
maintenance of mitotic sister chromatin cohesion at centromere
maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at centromere at mitosis
establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulate the shape of a cell.
mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric
The cell cycle process in which centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during mitosis.
centromeric mitotic sister chromatin cohesion
mitotic sister chromatid cohesion at centromere
sister chromatid cohesion at centromere at mitosis
Locomotion in a multicellular organism, i.e. self-propelled movement of a multicellular organism from one location to another.
establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape
Any cellular process that results in the specification or formation of a polarized intracellular organization or cell growth pattern that regulates the shape of a cell.
lipopolysaccharide core heptosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: glucosyl-heptosyl2-KDO2-lipid A-phosphate + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = glucosyl-heptosyl3-KDO2-lipid A-phosphate + ADP + H+.
fungal-type cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall.
fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungi.
fungal-type cell wall 1,3-beta-D-glucan metabolic process
fungal-type cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan metabolism
fungal-type cell wall beta-1,3 glucan metabolic process
fungal-type cell wall beta-1,3 glucan metabolism
lipid A-core heptosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: galactosyl-glucosyl3-heptosyl3-KDO2-lipid A-bisphosphate + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = lipid A-core + ADP + H+.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an extracellular vesicular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Exosomes are defined by their size, which generally ranges from 30 nm to 100 nm.
extracellular vesicular exosome assembly
fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal cell walls.
fungal-type cell wall 1,3-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process
fungal-type cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan anabolism
fungal-type cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthesis
fungal-type cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan formation
fungal-type cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis
fungal-type cell wall beta-1,3-glucan anabolism
fungal-type cell wall beta-1,3-glucan biosynthesis
fungal-type cell wall beta-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process
fungal-type cell wall beta-1,3-glucan formation
fungal-type cell wall beta-1,3-glucan synthesis
bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility
Cell motility due to the motion of one or more bacterial-type flagella. A bacterial-type flagellum is a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope.
peptidoglycan L,D-transpeptidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a peptidoglycan dimer (tetrapeptide) + 3 H2O = a peptidoglycan tetramer with L,D cross-links (L-Lys-D-Asn-L-Lys) + di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + 4 D-alanine.
Cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.
bacterial-type flagellum-dependent swimming motility
Bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.
bacterial-type flagellar swimming motility
bacterial-type flagellum-mediated cell swimming
Cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell along a solid surface.
Cell motility in which contractile cytoskeletal elements alter cell shape, resulting in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.
bacterial-type flagellum-dependent swarming motility
Bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility in which the action of numerous flagella results in the smooth movement of a group of cells along a solid surface. Swarming motility is observed in groups of bacteria.
bacterial-type flagellar swarming motility
bacterial-type flagellum-mediated cell swarming
The dormancy process that results in exit from diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.
cell surface adhesin-mediated gliding motility
Cell gliding that results from the actions of cell surface adhesin proteins that are propelled by membrane motor proteins.
The dormancy process that results in exit from reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.
The dormancy process that results an organism remaining in diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.
A vesicle-mediated transport process in which transmembrane proteins are ubiquitylated to facilitate their entry into luminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs); upon subsequent fusion of MVBs with lysosomes or vacuoles, the cargo proteins are degraded.
The dormancy process that results an organism remaining in reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.
Binding to a WD40 repeat domain of a protein. The WD40 repeat is a short structural motif of approximately 40 amino acids, often terminating in a tryptophan-aspartic acid (W-D) dipeptide. Several of these repeats are combined to form a type of protein domain called the WD domain.
A vacuolar membrane-anchored guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex for the Rag GTPases (Gtr1-Gtr2 GTPase complex GO:1990131) in TORC1 signalling pathway. In human, Ragulator is comprised of the membrane anchor subunit LAMTOR1 (Meh1p in S. cerevisiae, Lam1 in S. pombe), a GEF subunit LAMTOR2 ( Slm4 in S. cerevisiae , Lam2 in S. pombe ) , LAMTOR3 (no S. cerevisiae ortholog identified, Lam3 in S. pombe) , LAMTOR4 (no S. cerevisiae ortholog identified, Lam4 in S. pombe), and LAMTOR5 (no S. cerevisiae or S. pombe ortholog identified).
GTPase-containing complex for Gap1p sorting in the endosome
establishment of protein localization to spindle pole body
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location at the spindle pole body.
establishment of protein localisation to spindle pole body
protein localization to spindle pole body
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the spindle pole body.
protein localisation to spindle pole body
maintenance of protein location to spindle pole body
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location at the spindle pole body, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of protein location at spindle pole body
maintenance of protein location in spindle pole body
The directed movement of a phytochelatin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
The directed movement of phytochelatins into the vacuole. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
The process in which a phytochelatin is transported across a membrane. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
glutathione transmembrane import into vacuole
The directed movement of glutathione into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
extracellular polysaccharide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.
extracellular polysaccharide degradation
A developmental process that results in the discharge of ascospores from the ascus. Ascospore release may be active or passive.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal system maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels.
extracellular polysaccharide catabolic process involved in ascospore release from ascus
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.
extracellular polysaccharide breakdown involved in ascospore release from ascus
extracellular polysaccharide catabolism involved in ascospore release from ascus
extracellular polysaccharide degradation involved in ascospore release from ascus
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a kidney rudiment from unspecified parts. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut.
The process in which the identity of a kidney is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
The process that results in the delineation of regions of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesangial cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron.
glomerular mesangial cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
The progression of the glomus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomus forms from the splanchnic intermediate mesoderm and is the vascularized filtration unit, filtering the blood before it enters the tubules. The glomus is external to the nephron and extends over more than one body segment.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells.
glomerular visceral epithelial cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the distal tubule is a nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the connecting tubule.
glomerular parietal epithelial cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the proximal tubule and extends from the glomerular capsule to the proximal straight tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an ascending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal straight tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The proximal straight tubule is the part of the descending limb that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the descending thin tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thick ascending limb is the last part of the loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The descending thin limb is a part of the loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the loop of Henle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The distal convoluted tubule is the first segment of the nephron lying just downstream from the loop of Henle, immediately after the macula densa. Among other functions, in humans it is responsible for the reabsorption of about 5% of filtered sodium via the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl symporter.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a long nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephron are generated and organized. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S1 portion of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S1 portion is the initial portion of the proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a short nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the renal vesicle from condensed mesenchymal cells. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.
proximal convoluted tubule segment 2 development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S2 portion of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S2 portion of the tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride.
The cell adhesion process in which mesenchyme cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of the pre-tubular aggregate, the earliest recognizable structure of the kidney.
mesenchymal cell condensation involved in renal vesicle formation
Signaling at short range between cells of the ureteric bud terminus and the kidney mesenchyme that positively regulates the formation of the renal vesicle.
positive regulation of nephron formation
mesenchymal stem cell differentiation involved in nephron morphogenesis
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell that contributes to the shaping of a nephron. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in renal vesicle formation
A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the renal vesicle.
regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.
regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis involved in nephron morphogenesis
regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis
mesenchymal stem cell maintenance involved in nephron morphogenesis
The process in which an organism retains a population of mesenchymal stem cells that contributes to the shaping of a nephron. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis
Any process that increases the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.
positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis involved in nephron morphogenesis
positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis
negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis
Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.
negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis involved in nephron morphogenesis
negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis
regulation of pre-tubular aggregate formation by cell-cell signaling
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of pre-tubular aggregate formation. Pre-tubular aggregate formation is the cell adhesion process in which mesenchymal cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of the pre-tubular aggregate, the earliest recognizable structure of the kidney.
regulation of pre-tubular aggregate formation by cell-cell signalling
regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation involved in nephron morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and contributes to the shaping of a nephron.
convergent extension involved in nephron morphogenesis
The morphogenetic process in which the renal epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to the shaping of a nephron.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.
proximal/distal pattern formation involved in nephron development
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the center of the kidney (proximal end) outward (distal end).
proximal-distal pattern formation involved in nephron development
establishment of planar polarity involved in nephron morphogenesis
Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the shaping of a nephron.
establishment of planar cell polarity involved in nephron morphogenesis
The process in which the comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron.
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate into the anatomical structures of the renal system.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure that lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function.
The process in which the S-shaped body is generated and organized. The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal inner medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal inner medulla is unique to mammalian kidneys and is the innermost region of the mammalian kidney.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal outer medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner stripe over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inner stripe is a deep, centrally located portion of the renal outer medulla and is traversed by thin descending and thick ascending portions of the loops of Henle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney pyramids over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Kidney pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a multi-lobed mammalian kidney; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cortical collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cortical collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the outer stripe over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The outer stripe is the region of the kidney outer medulla that lies just below the cortex. The proximal straight tubules (S3) characterize this region.
inner medullary collecting duct development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner medullary collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla.
outer medullary collecting duct development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the outer medullary collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the short descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology.
proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the S1 cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
long descending thin limb bend development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the long descending thin limb bend over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the long descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The long descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a long nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology. The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla.
early distal convoluted tubule development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the early distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The early distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prebend segment over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prebend segment is a part of the descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits permeabilities characteristic of the ascending limb, especially negligible water permeability.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the distal convoluted tubule cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
distal convoluted tubule cell differentiation
late distal convoluted tubule development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The late distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.
kidney interstitial fibroblast differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblast of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
kidney interstitial cell differentiation
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the loop of Henle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The loop of Henle is a nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney stroma over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney stroma is the mesenchyme of the mature kidney.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of metanephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a kidney mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of kidney mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephrogenic mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of nephrogenic mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a nephron tubule are generated and organized. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.
specification of nephron tubule identity
The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the nephron acquire their identity.
The progression of a nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.
specification of proximal tubule identity
The process in which the proximal tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.
specification of connecting tubule identity
The process in which the connecting tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.
The process in which the distal tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.
The process in which the loop of Henle of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.
specification of intermediate tubule identity
The multiplication or reproduction of stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephron epithelium are generated and organized. The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
mesenchymal stem cell proliferation involved in nephron morphogenesis
The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population, that contributes to the shaping of a nephron.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the metanephros.
The process in which the ureteric bud grows along its axis and contributes to the formation of the metanephros.
regulation of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.
Signaling at short range between cells of the ureteric bud terminus and the kidney mesenchyme that positively regulates the formation of the metanephric renal vesicle.
positive regulation of metanephros formation
negative regulation of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching by BMP signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor resulting in the reduction of the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.
negative regulation of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching by BMP signalling pathway
negative regulation of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching
Any process that reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.
anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in ureteric bud development
The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the ureteric bud along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
ureteric bud anterior/posterior pattern formation
anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in kidney development
The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the kidney along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
anterior/posterior pattern formation involved in kidney development
kidney anterior/posterior pattern formation
kidney anterior/posterior pattern specification
specification of ureteric bud anterior/posterior symmetry by BMP signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor that results in the establishment of the ureteric bud such that there is a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts along its anterior/posterior axis.
specification of ureteric bud anterior/posterior asymmetry by BMP signaling pathway
specification of ureteric bud anterior/posterior symmetry by BMP signalling pathway
specification of ureteric bud anterior/posterior symmetry
The establishment of the ureteric bud such that there is a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts along its anterior/posterior axis.
specification of ureteric bud anterior/posterior asymmetry
The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus are generated and organized. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.
A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along the ureter, impelling the contents onwards. The ureter is one of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder.
The process that gives rise to a glomerular capillary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
positive regulation of ureteric bud formation
Any process that increases the rate or extent of the developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct.
Any process that modulates the developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular mesangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus.
positive regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.
cell proliferation involved in kidney development
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the kidney.
The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangial cells, resulting in the expansion of the population.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the head kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney. It is analogous to the mammalian bone marrow and the primary site of definitive hematopoiesis.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells.
glomerular visceral epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which the anatomical structures of the head kidney are generated and organized. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephros are generated and organized. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the head kidney. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the pronephros. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the head kidney. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the pronephros. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
pronephric kidney structural organization
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the head kidney to attain its fully functional state. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the pronephros to attain its fully functional state. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
intraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.
extraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.
negative regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.
positive regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a renal capsule from unspecified parts. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the renal capsule are generated and organized. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a kidney mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney.
The regionalization process in which the identity of the renal capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells.
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population in the kidney.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a nephrogenic mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron.
condensed mesenchymal cell proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a condensed mesenchymal cell population. A condensed mesenchymal cell population is a population of adherent mesenchymal cells.
metanephric mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in metanephros development
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a metanephric mesenchymal cell population.
glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.
mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureteric bud development
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population of the ureteric bud, that contributes to ureteric bud development.
ureteric bud mesenchymal cell proliferation
renal interstitial fibroblast development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a renal interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a distal convoluted tubule cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
distal convoluted tubule cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a juxtaglomerulus cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an S1 cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
glomerular parietal epithelial cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. These cells may also give rise to podocytes.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a distal convoluted tubule cell.
distal convoluted tubule cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells.
glomerular visceral epithelial cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an epithelial cell.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesangial cell.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a juxtaglomerulus cell.
renal interstitial fibroblast fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a renal fibroblast.
kidney interstitial cell fate commitment
glomerular mesangial cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular mesangial cell.
epithelial cell migration involved in nephron tubule morphogenesis
The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to nephron tubule morphogenesis.
proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an S1 cell in the kidney.
epithelial cell migration involved in distal tubule morphogenesis
The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to distal tubule morphogenesis.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a distal tubule are generated and organized. The distal tubule is a nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the connecting tubule.
epithelial cell migration involved in proximal tubule morphogenesis
The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to proximal tubule morphogenesis.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a proximal tubule are generated and organized. The proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.
mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in kidney development
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
metanephric mesenchymal cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The progression of the anterior mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The anterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.
The progression of a mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.
specification of mesonephric tubule identity
The process in which the tubules of the mesonephros acquire their identity.
posterior mesonephric tubule development
The progression of the posterior mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The posterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.
specification of posterior mesonephric tubule identity
The process in which the tubules of the posterior mesonephros acquire their identity.
specification of anterior mesonephric tubule identity
The process in which the tubules of the anterior mesonephros acquire their identity.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric tubule are generated and organized. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.
The progression of a metanephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric tubule are generated and organized from an epithelium. A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric tubule from unspecified parts. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric duct over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. A mesonephric duct is a tube drains the mesonephros.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephric duct over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephric duct. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephric duct are generated and organized. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric duct. A mesonephric duct is a tube that drains the mesonephros.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric duct are generated and organized. A mesonephric duct is a tube drains the mesonephros.
negative regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cap from an initial condition to its mature state. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.
renal vesicle progenitor cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the renal vesicle progenitor cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. A renal vesicle progenitor cell is a cell that will give rise to terminally differentiated cells of the renal vesicle without self-renewing.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric cap from unspecified parts. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric cap are generated and organized. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut.
The process in which the metanephric cap acquires its identity.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urothelium of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urothelium is an epithelium that makes up the epithelial tube of the ureter.
ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the ureter.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell in the urothelium. The urothelium is the epithelial tube of the ureter.
kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the kidney.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the ureter are generated and organized. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
proximal/distal pattern formation involved in pronephric nephron development
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of the pronephros.
pronephros proximal/distal pattern formation
regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the ureter gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
regulation of ureteral mesenchymal cell proliferation
regulation of ureter mesenchymal cell proliferation
mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population of the ureter, that contributes to ureter development.
negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the ureter gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
negative regulation of ureteral mesenchymal cell proliferation
negative regulation of ureter mesenchymal cell proliferation
cell proliferation involved in metanephros development
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the metanephros.
cell differentiation involved in metanephros development
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.
cell-cell signaling involved in metanephros development
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ.
cell-cell signalling involved in metanephros development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
metanephric juxtaglomerular apparatus development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate.
metanephric mesangial cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesangial cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
metanephric smooth muscle tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric pyramids over time, from their formation to the mature structures. Metanephric pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a metanephros; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephron in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.
obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in metanephros development
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the branching morphogenesis by which the metanephros progresses from its initial formation to the mature state.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of metanephros development. Metanephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric cortex is the outer region of the metanephros.
negative regulation of metanephros development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephros development. Metanephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
positive regulation of metanephros development
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephros development. Metanephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
metanephric cortical collecting duct development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cortical collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric cortical collecting duct is the portion of the metanephric collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex.
metanephric ascending thin limb development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric ascending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent.
metanephric distal convoluted tubule development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric distal convoluted tubule is the first segment of the metanephric nephron lying just downstream from the loop of Henle, immediately after the macula densa. Among other functions, in humans it is responsible for the reabsorption of about 5% of filtered sodium via the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl symporter.
metanephric descending thin limb development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric descending thin limb is a part of the metanephric loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the metanephric loop of Henle.
metanephric glomerular mesangium development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular mesangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the metanephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus.
metanephric early distal convoluted tubule development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric early distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric early distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive.
metanephric late distal convoluted tubule development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric late distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.
The progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the metanephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus.
metanephric long descending thin limb bend development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric long descending thin limb bend over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment in the metanephros.
metanephric proximal convoluted tubule development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric prebend segment over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric prebend segment is a part of the metanephric descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits permeabilities characteristic of the ascending limb, especially negligible water permeability.
metanephric proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S1 portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S1 portion is the initial portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes.
metanephric proximal straight tubule development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal straight tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal straight tubule is the part of the metanephric descending limb that extends from the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule to the metanephric descending thin tubule.
metanephric thick ascending limb development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric thick ascending limb is the last part of the metanephric loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule.
metanephric proximal convoluted tubule segment 2 development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S2 portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S2 portion of the metanephric proximal tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the metanephric macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule.
The progression of a metanephric nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric loop of Henle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros.
metanephric intermediate tubule development
metanephric glomerulus vasculature development
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the metanephric glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric long nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla in the metanephros.
metanephric juxtamedullary nephron development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell development
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the distal convoluted tubule cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell differentiation
metanephric nephron epithelium development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The metanephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the metanephros.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell.
metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell fate commitment
metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.
metanephric glomerular epithelium development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus in the metanephros. The metanephric glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. These cells may also give rise to podocytes.
metanephric Bowman's capsule cell fate commitment
metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.
metanephric Bowman's capsule development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell differentiation
metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
metanephric podocyte cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell fate commitment
metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell.
metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
metanephric glomerular mesangial cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
metanephric glomerular mesangial cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the metanephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
metanephric glomerular mesangial cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular mesangial cell.
metanephric interstitial fibroblast development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
metanephros interstitial cell development
metanephric interstitial fibroblast differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblasts of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
metanephros interstitial cell differentiation
metanephric extraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation involved in metanephros development
The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the metanephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.
metanephric interstitial fibroblast fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric interstitial fibroblast.
metanephros interstitial cell fate commitment
metanephric intraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the metanephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.
metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation involved in metanephros development
The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangial cells in the metanephros, resulting in the expansion of the population.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric capsule are generated and organized. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.
metanephric glomerular endothelium development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus of the metanephros.
The regionalization process in which the identity of the metanephric capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric capsule from unspecified parts. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.
metanephric long descending thin limb development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric long descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric long descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a long nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology. The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla.
pattern specification involved in metanephros development
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the metanephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
pattern formation involved in metanephros development
metanephric short descending thin limb development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric short descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a short nephron in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric nephron are generated and organized. A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros.
proximal/distal pattern formation involved in metanephric nephron development
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron in the metanephros. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the center of the kidney (proximal end) outward (distal end).
proximal/distal metanephric nephron patterning
proximal-distal pattern formation involved in metanephric nephron development
The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.
metanephric glomerular basement membrane development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the metanephric glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.
metanephric glomerular capillary formation
The process that gives rise to a metanephric glomerular capillary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
metanephric glomerulus vasculature morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus.
convergent extension involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis
The morphogenetic process in which the renal epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the metanephros.
metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis
The process in which the metanephric comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the metanephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros.
mesenchymal stem cell differentiation involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell that contributes to the shaping of a nephronin the metanephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
establishment of planar polarity involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis
Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the metanephros.
establishment of planar cell polarity involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the metanephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.
metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric nephron tubule are generated and organized. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros.
mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephric renal vesicle formation
A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephric renal vesicle.
The process in which the metanephric S-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric S-shaped body is the successor of the metanephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric distal tubule are generated and organized. The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule.
metanephric connecting tubule development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the metanephric nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct in the metanephros.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the metanephros.
metanephric proximal tubule morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric proximal tubule are generated and organized. The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.
epithelial cell migration involved in metanephric distal tubule morphogenesis
The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric distal tubule morphogenesis.
epithelial cell migration involved in metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis
The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis.
specification of metanephric nephron tubule identity
The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the metanephric nephron acquire their identity.
epithelial cell migration involved in metanephric proximal tubule morphogenesis
The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric proximal tubule morphogenesis.
specification of metanephric distal tubule identity
The process in which the distal tubule of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.
specification of metanephric connecting tubule identity
The process in which the connecting tubule of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.
specification of metanephric proximal tubule identity
The process in which the proximal tubule of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.
specification of metanephric loop of Henle identity
The process in which the loop of Henle of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.
specification of metanephric intermediate tubule identity
negative regulation of metanephric glomerulus development
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephric glomerulus development, the progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.
regulation of metanephric glomerulus development
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of metanephric glomerulus development, the progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.
regulation of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
positive regulation of metanephric glomerulus development
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephric glomerulus development, the progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.
positive regulation of glomerular metanephric mesangial cell proliferation
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
negative regulation of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis
Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the metanephros.
negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis
negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis
regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the metanephros.
regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis
regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis
regulation of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis
Any process that increases the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the metanephros.
positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis
positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis
mesenchymal stem cell maintenance involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis
The process in which an organism retains a population of mesenchymal stem cells that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the metanephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
negative regulation of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
glomerular epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular epithelial cell. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
metanephric glomerular epithelial cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
metanephric glomerular epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
metanephric glomerular epithelial cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
glomerular epithelial cell fate commitment
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular epithelial cell. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
obsolete glucan endo-1,3-beta-D-glucosidase activity involved in ascospore release from ascus
OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 1,3-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in 1,3-beta-D-glucans that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.
alpha-glucan catabolic process involved in ascospore release from ascus
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-glucans in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.
alpha-glucan breakdown involved in ascospore release from ascus
alpha-glucan catabolism involved in ascospore release from ascus
alpha-glucan degradation involved in ascospore release from ascus
A protein depolymerization process that results in the disassembly of vesicle coat proteins.
The disaggregation of a clathrin coat into its constituent components; results in stripping or removing the clathrin coat from clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) before fusing with their targets. CVVs transport cargo from plasma membrane and trans-Golgi to the endosomal system.
obsolete chaperone-mediated protein transport
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, mediated by chaperone molecules that bind to the transported proteins.
volume-sensitive chloride channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a volume-sensitive channel. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell.
protein transport across periplasmic space
The directed movement of proteins from the plasma membrane across the periplasmic space to the outer membrane or cell wall.
chaperone-mediated protein transport across periplasmic space
The process in which the cellular identity of nematode vulval cells is acquired and determined. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.
Ascus cytoplasm that is not packaged into ascospores.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a nematode vulval cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a nematode vulval cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group.
Binding to an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
signal transduction by p53 class mediator
An intracellular signaling process that is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53 or an equivalent protein.
monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group.
OBSOLETE. A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, that results in the induction of anoikis.
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by signal transduction by p53 class mediator
signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation
The process in which UDP-galactose is transported across a membrane.
The directed movement of modified amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
negative regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic stellate cells, resulting in the expansion of a pancreatic stellate cell population. Pancreatic stellate cells are found in the periacinar space of the exocrine pancreas and in perivascular and periductal regions of the pancreas, and have long cytoplasmic processes that encircle the base of the acinus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of anion stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of negatively charged ions in the environment.
NAADP-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
A process of translational elongation that takes place when a ribosome has stalled during translation, and results in freeing the ribosome from the stalled translation complex.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anesthetic stimulus. An anesthetic is a substance that causes loss of feeling, awareness, or sensation.
cADPR-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
modified amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of modified amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other.
amino acid derivative transmembrane transporter activity
modified amino acid transporter activity
The directed movement of compounds that contain sulfur, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
obsolete cellular age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a threonine residue at position 3 of the histone.
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-threonine (position 3) + ATP = histone H3-phosphothreonine (position 3) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the threonine residue at position 3 of histone H3.
histone kinase activity (H3-T3 specific)
histone threonine kinase activity (H3-T3 specific)
histone-threonine kinase activity (H3-T3 specific)
A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that contains a catalytic subunit (PPP1CA, PPP1CB or PPP1CC) and the regulatory subunits PPP1R10 (PNUTS), TOX4 and WDR82, and plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase.
chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochore
A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a chromosome passenger complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the kinetochore. A chromosome passenger complex is a protein complex that contains the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin, and coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis.
chromosomal passenger complex localization to kinetochore
chromosome passenger complex localisation to kinetochore
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the circulatory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The circulatory system is the organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.
obsolete regulation of glycolytic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
The progression of the vascular cord over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis.
obsolete regulation of glycolytic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete regulation of glycolytic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular ketone metabolic process by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular ketone metabolic process by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete regulation of lipid transport by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular ketone metabolic process by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete regulation of lipid transport by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete regulation of lipid transport by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2A-serine (position 121) + ATP = histone H2A-phosphoserine (position 121) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 121 of histone H2A.
histone kinase activity (H2A-S121 specific)
histone serine kinase activity (H2A-S121 specific)
histone-serine kinase activity (H2A-S121 specific)
obsolete histone H2A-S121 phosphorylation
OBSOLETE. The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 121 of the histone.
alpha-carotene epsilon hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-carotene + NADPH + O2 + H+ = alpha-cryptoxanthin + NADP+ + H2O.
The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster).
Catalysis of the reaction: a carotene + NADPH + O2 + H+ = a beta-ring hydroxylcarotene + NADP+ + H2O. Adds a hydroxyl group to the epsilon ring of the alpha-carotene.
A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of events leading from the formation of activated factor X to the formation of active thrombin, the cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin, and the formation of cleaved fibrin into a stable multimeric, cross-linked complex.
A sequential series of modifications to a set of proteins where the product of one reaction catalyzes the following reaction, ultimately leading to the generation of a mature protein. Modifications typically include proteolysis or covalent modification, and may also include binding events.
A protein complex that is involved in the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. TA membrane proteins, also called type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C-terminal transmembrane region. Some ER membrane insertion complex subunits are conserved between different species such as mammals and budding yeast.
endoplasmic reticulum membrane insertion complex
blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation
A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the cascade of enzymatic reactions initiated by physical damage to the wall of a blood vessel, leading to the formation of a formation of a fibrin clot at the site of the injury. The process also includes numerous positive and negative regulatory events.
positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
positive regulation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
positive regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
positive regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation
A protein complex found in yeast that contains GET4, MDY2 (GET5), SGT2, and at least two heat shock proteins, HSP104 and YBR137W. The TRC complex transfers tail-anchored (TA) proteins to GET3 for targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
GET4-GET5 transmembrane domain recognition complex
plus-end-directed vesicle transport along microtubule
The directed movement of a vesicle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.
microtubule plus-end-directed vesicle distribution
microtubule plus-end-directed vesicle localization
minus-end-directed vesicle transport along microtubule
The directed movement of a vesicle towards the minus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.
microtubule minus-end-directed vesicle distribution
microtubule minus-end-directed vesicle localization
minus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule
The directed movement of an organelle towards the minus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.
microtubule minus-end-directed organelle distribution
microtubule minus-end-directed organelle localization
The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.
microtubule-based organelle localization
flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
flavin-adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule
The directed movement of an organelle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.
microtubule plus-end-directed organelle distribution
microtubule plus-end-directed organelle localization
flavin adenine dinucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.
microtubule anchoring at microtubule organizing center
Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a microtubule organizing center.
microtubule anchoring at microtubule organising centre
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in cell cycle checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell cycle checkpoint.
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in cytokinesis checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about the formation and integrity of cytokinetic structures, such as the contractile ring, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cytokinesis checkpoint.
response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
G1/S transition checkpoint effector process
G2/M transition checkpoint effector process
response to G1/S transition checkpoint signaling
response to G2/M transition checkpoint signaling
response to signal involved in cell cycle checkpoint
response to signal involved in G1/S transition checkpoint
response to signal involved in G2/M transition checkpoint
response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cytokinesis checkpoint signaling.
response to signal involved in cytokinesis checkpoint
signal transduction involved in cytokinesis checkpoint
A signal transduction process that contributes to a cytokinesis checkpoint.
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about DNA integrity is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint.
response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.
DNA integrity checkpoint effector process
response to signal involved in DNA integrity checkpoint
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in meiotic cell cycle checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint.
response to meiotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling
A process that acts directly to delay or stop progression through the cell cycle in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling; contributes to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint.
meiotic cell cycle checkpoint effector process
response to signal involved in meiotic cell cycle checkpoint
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in mitotic cell cycle checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint.
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in spindle checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about the assembly, orientation or integrity of the spindle is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a spindle checkpoint.
response to mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
mitotic cell cycle checkpoint effector process
mitotic cell cycle G1/S checkpoint effector process
mitotic G2/M transition checkpoint effector process
response to mitotic cell cycle G1/S checkpoint signaling
response to mitotic G2/M transition checkpoint signal
response to signal involved in mitotic cell cycle checkpoint
response to signal involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S checkpoint
response to signal involved in mitotic G2/M transition checkpoint
response to spindle checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle checkpoint signaling.
response to signal involved in spindle checkpoint
obsolete detection of DNA damage stimulus involved in DNA damage checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a DNA damage checkpoint.
response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
response to signal involved in DNA damage checkpoint
obsolete detection of DNA damage stimulus involved in intra-S DNA damage checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to an intra-S DNA damage checkpoint.
response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint effector process
response to signal involved in G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
response to intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
intra-S DNA damage checkpoint effector process
response to signal involved in intra-S DNA damage checkpoint
obsolete detection of DNA damage stimulus involved in mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint.
obsolete detection of DNA damage stimulus involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint.
response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint effector process
response to mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling
response to signal involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint
response to mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
mitotic G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint effector process
mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint effector process
response to mitotic G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint signaling
response to mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling
response to signal involved in mitotic G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint
response to signal involved in mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in DNA replication checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a DNA replication checkpoint.
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in meiotic DNA replication checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic DNA replication checkpoint.
response to DNA replication checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA replication checkpoint signaling.
DNA replication checkpoint effector process
response to signal involved in DNA replication checkpoint
response to meiotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.
meiotic DNA replication checkpoint effector process
response to signal involved in meiotic DNA replication checkpoint
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in mitotic DNA replication checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
response to mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.
mitotic DNA replication checkpoint effector process
response to signal involved in mitotic DNA replication checkpoint
response to signal involved in S-M checkpoint
response to G1 cell size control checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint signaling.
mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint effector process
response to signal involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in G1 cell size control checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint.
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in G2 cell size control checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a G2/M transition size control checkpoint.
response to G2 transition size control checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G2/M transition size control checkpoint signaling.
G2/M transition size control checkpoint effector process
response to G2/M transition size control checkpoint signaling
response to mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition size control checkpoint signaling
response to signal involved in G2/M transition size control checkpoint
response to meiotic recombination checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic recombination checkpoint signaling.
meiotic recombination checkpoint effector process
response to signal involved in meiotic recombination checkpoint
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in meiotic recombination checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about whether recombination is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic recombination checkpoint.
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about whether spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint.
response to meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.
meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint effector process
response to signal involved in meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint
obsolete response to cell shape checkpoint signaling
OBSOLETE. A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell shape checkpoint signaling.
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in cell shape checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about aspects of cell polarity control is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell shape checkpoint.
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in cell size control checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell size control checkpoint.
obsolete signal transduction involved in cell shape checkpoint
OBSOLETE. A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell shape checkpoint.
response to cell size control checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell size control checkpoint signaling.
cell size control checkpoint effector process
response to mitotic cell cycle cell size control checkpoint signaling
response to signal involved in cell size control checkpoint
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in mitotic spindle checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint.
response to mitotic spindle checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint signaling.
mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint effector process
response to mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint signaling
response to signal involved in mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint
response to mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.
mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint effector process
response to Dma1-dependent checkpoint signaling
response to Dma1-dependent checkpoint signalling
response to signal involved in mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly assembled, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint.
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in mitotic spindle orientation checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly oriented is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint.
response to mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint signaling.
mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint effector process
response to signal involved in mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint
response to spindle assembly checkpoint signaling
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.
response to signal involved in spindle assembly checkpoint
spindle assembly checkpoint effector process
obsolete detection of stimulus involved in spindle assembly checkpoint
OBSOLETE. The series of events in which information about spindle assembly is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a spindle assembly checkpoint.
A histone acetyltransferase complex that catalyzes the acetylation of a histone H4 lysine residue at position 16. In human, it contains the catalytic subunit MOF, and MSL1, MSL2 and MSL3.
The process in which methylammonium is transported across a membrane.
The process in which ammonium is transported across a membrane. Ammonium is the cation NH4+.
toluene-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.
toluene and derivative catabolic process
toluene-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.
toluene and derivative metabolic process
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the host cell endosome.
host cell mitochondrial intermembrane space
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the host cell mitochondrial envelope.
A class of nuclear body in the eukaryotic host cell, first seen after silver staining by Ramon y Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A late endosome in which regions of the limiting host cell endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; host membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the host cytoplasm.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
Catalysis of the transfer of Pup from one protein to another via the reaction X-Pup + Y --> Y-Pup + X, where both X-Pup and Y-Pup are covalent linkages.
The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a photoreceptor cell axon growth cone to its target in the optic lobe in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal joints over time, from formation to mature structure.
obsolete cellular divalent inorganic anion homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent inorganic anions at the level of a cell.
obsolete negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by nuclear hormone receptor
OBSOLETE. Any process in which a ligand-bound hormone receptor acts in the nucleus to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
obsolete cellular divalent inorganic cation homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent cations at the level of a cell.
obsolete cellular trivalent inorganic anion homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of trivalent inorganic anions at the level of a cell.
obsolete divalent inorganic anion homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell.
obsolete cellular trivalent inorganic cation homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of trivalent cations at the level of a cell.
obsolete divalent inorganic cation homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent cations within an organism or cell.
obsolete trivalent inorganic anion homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of trivalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell.
obsolete trivalent inorganic cation homeostasis
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of trivalent cations within an organism or cell.
positive regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract).
negative regulation of second heart field cardioblast proliferation
trehalose transport in response to desiccation
The directed movement of trehalose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, that occurs as a result of a desiccation stimulus. A desiccation stimulus signals extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.
trehalose transport in response to water deprivation
The directed movement of trehalose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, that occurs as a result of deprivation of water.
A membrane-bounded compartment that forms in the cytoplasm of the host cell, in which virus assembly takes place.
Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Rho GTPase-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.
purine-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seminiferous tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Seminiferous tubules are ducts located in the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa.
purine-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
purine-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
purine and derivative biosynthetic process
pyridine-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
pyridine and derivative biosynthetic process
pyridine-containing compound biosynthesis
pyridine-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
pyridine and derivative metabolic process
pyrimidine-containing compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
pyrimidine and derivative metabolic process
pyrimidine-containing compound metabolism
pyridine-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
pyridine and derivative catabolic process
pyridine-containing compound degradation
pyrimidine-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
pyrimidine and derivative catabolic process
pyrimidine-containing compound breakdown
pyrimidine-containing compound catabolism
pyrimidine-containing compound degradation
pyrimidine-containing compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
pyrimidine and derivative biosynthetic process
pyrimidine-containing compound anabolism
pyrimidine-containing compound biosynthesis
pyrimidine-containing compound formation
pyrimidine-containing compound synthesis
pyrimidine-containing compound transmembrane transport
The process in which a pyrimidine-containing compound is transported across a membrane. A pyrimidine-containing compound is any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
pyrimidine-containing compound membrane transport
purine-containing compound transmembrane transport
The process in which a purine-containing compound is transported across a membrane. A purine-containing compound is any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
purine-containing compound membrane transport
tri-(coumaroyl or caffeoyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the meta-hydroxylation of any of the three phenolic rings on tricoumaroyl spermidine or any of its mono- or dicaffeoyl spermidine derivatives.
tri-(feruloyl or hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the meta-hydroxylation of any of the three phenolic rings on triferuloyl spermidine or any of its mono- or di-(hydroxyferuloyl)-spermidine derivatives.
tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production
The appearance of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11; RANKL) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 production
A dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that forms around many neuronal cell bodies and dendrites late in development and is responsible for synaptic stabilization in the adult brain.
A change in the morphology or behavior of a fibroblast resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
A protein complex that binds interleukin-23 and that consists of, at a minimum, a dimeric interleukin and its two receptor subunits as well as optional additional kinase subunits.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 17 (Th17) cell. A Th17 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.
An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria with a key role in inflammation and tissue injury. This immune response is associated with pathological autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis, arthritis and psoriasis which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 17 cells, most notably interleukin-17, IL-21 and IL-22.
Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithiol + ONOO- = [protein]-disulfide + NO2- + H2O.
The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 17 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.
Binds to and increases the activity of a protein phosphatase.
protein phosphatase 2 activator activity
protein phosphatase type 1 activator activity
protein phosphatase type 2A activator activity
Binding to 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
Binding to L-DOPA, the modified amino acid (2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
tricoumaroylspermidine meta-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: tricoumaroyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
tricoumaroyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity
A transmembrane protein complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) involved in the insertion of newly synthesized proteins in the membrane of the ER. In S. cerevisiae, it has six members: EMC1, EMC2, AIM27, EMC4, KRE27, and EMC6.
endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex
monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = tricaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADPH + O2 = monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
triferuloylspermidine meta-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: triferuloyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
triferuloyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a terminal button. A terminal button is the terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.
monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADPH + O2 = tri-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-ketosteroid + NADPH + H+ = a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+.
17-beta-ketosteroid reductase (NADPH) activity
The process in which a developing blood vessel forms an endothelial lumen through which blood will flow.
An inflammasome complex that consists of three components, IPAF, NAIP and caspase-1, and includes among its functions the sensing of flagellin derived from Legionella pneumophila, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella flexneri.
An inflammasome complex that consists of three components, NLRP3 (NALP3), PYCARD and caspase-1. It is activated upon exposure to whole pathogens, as well as a number of structurally diverse pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) and environmental irritants. Whole pathogens demonstrated to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex include the fungi Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacteria that produce pore-forming toxins, including Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, and viruses such as Sendai virus, adenovirus, and influenza virus.
An inflammasome complex that consists of two components, NLRP1 (NALP1) and caspase-1 or caspase-5. The exact mechanisms of NLRP1 activation remain obscure, but potassium ion efflux appears to be essential.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a type B pancreatic cell to attain its fully functional state. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.
A blood microparticle that is derived from, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of, an endothelial cell.
A phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell. Microparticles are heterogeneous in size, and are characterized as microvesicles free of nucleic acids.
The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from an endothelial cell.
The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from a parent cell. A microparticle is a phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell.
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
keratinocyte derived chemokine production
Binding to monomeric ADP-D-ribose, an ADP-aldose having ribose as the aldose fragment.
Binding to ADP-D-ribose, an ADP-aldose having ribose as the aldose fragment.
tolerance induction to lipopolysaccharide
Tolerance induction directed at lipopolysaccharide antigens.
Binding to polymeric ADP-D-ribose, a polymer that is composed of poly-ADP-D-ribose units linked through 1,2-glycosidic bonds at the ribose ring.
epithelial cell proliferation involved in liver morphogenesis
The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the liver.
The multiplication or reproduction of hepatocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Hepatocytes form the main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.
Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.
endothelial cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
programmed cell death, endothelial cells
programmed cell death of endothelial cells by apoptosis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the liver are generated and organized.
The receptor clustering process in which glycine receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.
neurotransmitter-gated ion channel clustering
The receptor clustering process in which neurotransmitter-gated ion channels are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.
protein-N6-(L-lysyl)-L-lysine modification to protein-N6-(beta-lysyl)-L-lysine
The modification of an N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine residue in a protein, producing protein-N6-(beta-lysyl)-L-lysine ((2S)-2-amino-6-([(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino)hexanoic acid). This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, translation elongation factor P (EF-P).
The modification of a lysine residue in a protein to produce (2S)-2-amino-6-([(3S)-3,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino)hexanoic acid, and the subsequent hydroxylation of the modified lysine residue. This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, the prokaryotic translation elongation factor P (EF-P).
An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into clathrin-coated pits, which then pinch off to form clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles.
clathrin coated pit-dependent endocytosis
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = a 17-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: xanthosine + H2O = D-ribose + xanthine.
An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae, which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers.
DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activator activity
Binds to and increases the activity of ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase. DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) regulator activity catalyzes a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2.
DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) regulator activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase. DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) regulator activity catalyzes a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2.
A box H/ACA RNP complex that is located in the Cajal body of the nucleoplasm. In higher eukaryotes, box H/ACA RNP located in Cajal bodies mediate pseudouridylation of spliceosomal snRNAs.
nucleoplasmic box H/ACA RNP pseudouridylase complex
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA of the box H/ACA type and the four core proteins dyskerin, NOP10, NHP2, and GAR1 (human protein nomenclature). RNA pseudouridylation (isomerization of uridine to pseudouridine) is the major, and most likely the ancestral, function of H/ACA RNPs. Pseudouridylation targets include both large and small ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA). In addition to these catalytic H/ACA RNPs, a less abundant but more diverse class of structural H/ACA RNPs exists, which does not have pseudouridylation activity. These include the vertebrate telomerase RNP complex.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + citrate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + beta-citryl-L-glutamate.
N-acetyl-L-aspartate-L-glutamate ligase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-aspartate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + N-acetylaspartyl-glutamate.
reactive oxygen species metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving diatomic oxygen (O2).
maintenance of protein localization in organelle
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location a specific location on or in an organelle, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle.
maintenance of protein localisation to organelle
maintenance of protein localization to organelle
establishment of protein localization to organelle
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on or in an organelle. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle.
establishment of protein localisation to organelle
maintenance of protein location in chloroplast
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a chloroplast, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
establishment of protein localization to chloroplast
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a chloroplast.
establishment of protein localisation to chloroplast
establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum.
establishment of protein localisation to endoplasmic reticulum
establishment of protein localisation to ER
establishment of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum
establishment of protein localization to ER
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a chloroplast.
The appearance of interleukin-28A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-28B due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-29 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-30 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-31 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-32 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-33 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-delta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-epsilon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-kappa due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-tau due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-omega due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion
The directed movement of a protein to the mitochondrion or a part of the mitochondrion.
establishment of protein localisation to mitochondrion
establishment of protein localization in mitochondrion
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane.
maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a mitochondrion, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.
maintenance of protein location in membrane
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a membrane, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of protein location in plasma membrane
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in the plasma membrane, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
establishment of protein localization to peroxisome
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a peroxisome.
establishment of protein localisation to peroxisome
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a peroxisome.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a vacuole.
maintenance of protein location in peroxisome
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a peroxisome, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
maintenance of protein location in vacuole
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a vacuole, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
establishment of protein localization to vacuole
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a vacuole.
establishment of protein localisation to vacuole
A protein complex that catalyzes the ligation of cleaved pre-tRNAs by directly joining spliced tRNA halves to mature-sized tRNAs by incorporating the precursor-derived splice junction phosphate into the mature tRNA as a canonical 3',5'-phosphodiester.
OBSOLETE. A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a tubulin complex. Includes the synthesis and folding of the constituent protein molecules, and those protein modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the complex. A tubulin complex is a heterodimer of tubulins alpha and beta, from which microtubules are assembled.
mitochondria-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from mitochondria and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation as a response to oxidative stress conditions.
mitochondria-associated protein catabolic process
mitochondria-associated protein degradation
mitochondrion-associated protein catabolic process
mitochondrial tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine modification
The attachment of a carbonyl group and a threonine to the amino group of the adenine residue immediately 3' of the anticodon, in mitochondrial tRNAs that decode ANN codons (where N is any base).
A process that is carried out at the cellular level and in which the structure of a lamellipodium is organized.
The migration of a neutrophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
The plasma membrane fusion process that results in fusion of mononuclear osteoclasts to form a multinuclear osteoclast.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a multinuclear osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.
The movement of an eosinophil within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
The movement of a lymphocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development.
The movement of a T cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on fibronectin in the extracellular matrix.
fibronectin-dependent immature T cell migration
fibronectin-dependent immature T-cell migration
fibronectin-dependent immature T lymphocyte migration
fibronectin-dependent immature T-lymphocyte migration
fibronectin-dependent thymic lymphocyte migration
extracellular matrix-dependent thymocyte migration
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on extracellular matrix components including fibronectin, collagen and laminin.
extracellular matrix-dependent immature T cell migration
extracellular matrix-dependent immature T-cell migration
extracellular matrix-dependent immature T lymphocyte migration
extracellular matrix-dependent immature T-lymphocyte migration
extracellular matrix-dependent thymic lymphocyte migration
The migration of a T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
The migration of an eosinophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an Mre11 complex, a trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity and is involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling.
mitochondrial tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage, endonucleolytic
Endonucleolytic cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA in the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial endonucleolytic tRNA 3'-end cleavage
mitochondrial endonucleolytic tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage
mitochondrial tRNA 3'-end cleavage, endonucleolytic
A spindle that forms as part of meiosis. Several proteins, such as budding yeast Spo21p, fission yeast Spo2 and Spo13, and C. elegans mei-1, localize specifically to the meiotic spindle and are absent from the mitotic spindle.
A spindle that forms as part of mitosis. Mitotic and meiotic spindles contain distinctive complements of proteins associated with microtubules.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MCM complex, a hexameric protein complex required for the initiation and regulation of DNA replication.
Any process in which a SHREC complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of SHREC complex localization
single-celled organism vegetative growth phase
A phase of population growth during which single celled organisms reproduce by budding, fission, or other asexual methods.
vegetative growth of a single-celled organism
obsolete chromatin silencing at centromere central core
OBSOLETE. Repression of transcription of DNA at the central core of a regional centromere by altering the structure of chromatin.
regulation of DNA recombination at telomere
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination within the telomere.
obsolete cell cycle arrest in response to caffeine
OBSOLETE. The cell cycle regulatory process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M) as a result of a caffeine stimulus.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex.
positive regulation of DNA recombination at telomere
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination within the telomere.
activation of telomeric recombination at telomere
positive regulation of telomeric recombination
upregulation of telomeric recombination at telomere
up regulation of telomeric recombination at telomere
up-regulation of telomeric recombination at telomere
protein localization to cortical microtubule cytoskeleton
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the cortical microtubule cytoskeleton.
protein localisation to cortical microtubule cytoskeleton
protein localization to microtubule cytoskeleton
A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the microtubule cytoskeleton.
protein localisation to microtubule cytoskeleton
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bismuth (Bi) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bismuth (Bi) stimulus.
cellular response to methyl methanesulfonate
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercaptoethanol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercaptoethanol stimulus.
cellular response to sodium dodecyl sulfate
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sorbitol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sorbitol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thiabendazole stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thiabendazole stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a selenite ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a selenite ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an actinomycin D stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an actinomycin D stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dithiothreitol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dithiothreitol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amitrole stimulus.
cellular response to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amitrole stimulus.
cellular response to 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide stimulus.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a CCCP stimulus.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a CCCP stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Gentian violet stimulus.
cellular response to {4-[Bis-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-methylene]-cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene}-dimethyl-ammonium chloride
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Gentian violet stimulus.
response to {4-[Bis-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-methylene]-cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene}-dimethyl-ammonium chloride
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a papulacandin B stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a papulacandin B stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus.
cellular response to calcium ion starvation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of calcium ions.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.
response to 2-methyl-prop-2-yl-hydroperoxide
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diamide (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyldiazene-1,2-dicarboxamide) stimulus.
response to N,N,N',N'-tetramethyldiazene-1,2-dicarboxamide
cellular response to tert-butyl hydroperoxide
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.
cellular response to 2-methyl-prop-2-yl-hydroperoxide
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anisomycin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diamide (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyldiazene-1,2-dicarboxamide) stimulus.
cellular response to N,N,N',N'-tetramethyldiazene-1,2-dicarboxamide
protein localization to cell division site
A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the site of cell division.
protein localisation to cell division site
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anisomycin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythromycin stimulus.
SAGA complex localization to transcription regulatory region
Any process in which a SAGA complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the transcription regulatory region of a gene.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimycin A stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichodermin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloramphenicol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetracycline stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytochalasin B stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tacrolimus (FK506) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-thialysine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptomycin B stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glutathione stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rapamycin stimulus.
OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benomyl stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purvalanol A stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a camptothecin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paraquat stimulus.
cellular response to topoisomerase inhibitor
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a topoisomerase inhibitor stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a topoisomerase inhibitor stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a capsazepine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a GW 7647 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hesperadin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbendazim stimulus.
A cellular localization process in which a centromere/kinetochore is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
establishment and maintenance of kinetochore localization
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reversine stimulus.
centromere clustering at the mitotic interphase nuclear envelope
The process in which chromatin, or kinetochores are anchored to the nuclear envelope. This process involves the microtubule cytoskeleton, and nuclear tethering factors and is responsible for the Rabl-like configuration of chromosomes in the interphase nuclei.
centromere clustering at the mitotic nuclear envelope
centromere clustering at the nuclear periphery
kinetochore clustering at spindle pole body
kinetochore clustering at the old mitotic spindle pole body
kinetochore localization at spindle pole body
adhesion of symbiont infection structure to host
The attachment of an infection structure of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
adhesion of symbiont infection structure to host during symbiotic interaction
attachment of symbiont infection structure to host
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the osmotic conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
response of symbiont to host osmotic environment
adhesion of symbiont appressorium to host
The attachment of an appressorium of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
adhesion of symbiont appressorium to host during symbiotic interaction
adhesion of symbiont germination tube to host
The attachment of a germination tube of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
adhesion of symbiont germination tube to host during symbiotic interaction
The attachment of a spore of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
adhesion of symbiont spore to host during symbiotic interaction
Development of slender tubular outgrowth first produced by most symbiont spores immediately following germination on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of germ tube formation
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of germ tube formation on or near host
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete growth or development of symbiont on or near host phyllosphere
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of symbiont, or the progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near its host phyllosphere. The host phyllosphere is defined as total above-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation of germ tube formation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation of germ tube formation on or near host
The formation of a symbiont structure that serves to infect its host organism. It includes physiological, developmental, and morphological changes of the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
formation by symbiont of infection structure on or near host
formation of infection structure on or near host
obsolete growth or development of symbiont on or near host rhizosphere
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of symbiont, or the progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near its host rhizosphere. The host rhizosphere is defined as total below-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for its symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation.
regulation of appressorium formation on or near host
The process in which a swollen, flattened portion of a symbiont filament is formed on or near its host organism, to adhere to and for the purpose of penetrating the host surface.
appressorium formation for entry into host, on or near host
formation of an appressorium by symbiont on or near host
negative regulation of appressorium formation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation.
negative regulation of appressorium formation on or near host
positive regulation of appressorium formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation.
positive regulation of appressorium formation on or near host
obsolete cAMP-mediated activation of appressorium formation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont cAMP mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete calcium or calmodulin-mediated activation of appressorium formation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete MAPK-mediated regulation of appressorium formation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete ethylene-mediated activation of appressorium formation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont ethylene-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell starts to acquire specialized features of the symbiont appressorium to aid in infection of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
initiation of appressorium by symbiont on or near host
initiation of appressorium on or near host
initiation of symbiont appressorium on or near host
obsolete phospholipase C-mediated activation of appressorium formation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont phospholipase C-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of appressorium initiation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium initiation.
obsolete regulation of appressorium initiation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium initiation.
formation of appressorium germ tube hook structure
The development of a swollen tip at the growing end of a symbiont spore which usually flattens against the host cell surface prior to appressorium formation.
formation of germ tube tip of symbiont on or near the exterior of host
formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure for appressorium development
formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure on or near host
symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host
obsolete negative regulation of appressorium initiation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent symbiont appressorium initiation.
positive regulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure for appressorium development
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation.
positive regulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure on or near host
positive regulation of germ tube tip of symbiont on or near the exterior of host
positive regulation of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host
modulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure for appressorium development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation.
modulation of germ tube tip of symbiont on or near the exterior of host
modulation of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host
regulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure on or near host
OBSOLETE. The process in which a symbiont partition is formed to separate the appressorium from the germination tube, occurring during appressorium formation.
negative regulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure for appressorium development
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation.
negative regulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure on or near host
negative regulation of germ tube tip of symbiont on or near the exterior of host
negative regulation of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host
The process in which specialized features of the symbiont appressorium are acquired post initiation, to aid in infection of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
maturation of appressorium on or near host
maturation of symbiont appressorium on or near host
obsolete nuclear division involved in appressorium formation
OBSOLETE. The process in which nuclear division occurs within a symbiont spore that contributes to appressorium formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of appressorium maturation
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium maturation.
obsolete regulation of appressorium maturation
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium maturation.
The process in which hydrostatic pressure is increased within the symbiont appressorium to breach the cuticle of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
establishment of turgor in symbiont appressorium on or near host
obsolete negative regulation of appressorium maturation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent symbiont appressorium maturation.
obsolete positive regulation of establishment of turgor in appressorium
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of turgor formation in the symbiont appressorium.
obsolete regulation of establishment of turgor in appressorium
OBSOLETE. Any process modulates the frequency, rate or extent of turgor formation in the symbiont appressorium.
The process in which melanin is produced in the appressorium of the symbiont. Melanization of the appressorium increases turgor pressure in the appressorium.
maintenance of turgor in appressorium by melanization
melanization of appressorium to maintain turgor pressure
obsolete negative regulation of establishment of turgor in appressorium
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of turgor formation in the symbiont appressorium.
regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation of symbiont cell wall strengthening involved in entry into host
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont cell wall strengthening during entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete cell wall strengthening in symbiont involved in entry into host
OBSOLETE. A process in which the cell wall of the symbiont is strengthened or thickened during penetration into the body, tissues, or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of symbiont cell wall strengthening involved in entry into host
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont cell wall strengthening during entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of symbiont cell wall strengthening involved in entry into host
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont cell wall strengthening during entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The assembly by the symbiont of a peg-like structure for the purpose of penetration into its host organism, which penetrates through the host cuticle and epidermal cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
formation of symbiont penetration peg for entry into host
symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host
positive regulation of penetration peg formation
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host
positive regulation of symbiont penetration peg initiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host
modulation of symbiont penetration peg initiation
obsolete negative regulation of penetration peg formation
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of invasive hypha growth
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont invasive hypha formation within host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of invasive hypha growth
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont invasive hypha formation within host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete growth or development of symbiont in host cell
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of symbiont, or the progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation invasive hypha growth
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont invasive hypha formation within host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete growth or development of symbiont in host intercellular space
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of symbiont, or the progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's intercellular space. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete growth or development of symbiont in host organelle
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of symbiont, or the progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's organelle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
adhesion of symbiont infection cushion to host
The attachment of an infection cushion of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
adhesion of symbiont infection cushion to host during symbiotic interaction
obsolete growth or development of symbiont in host vascular tissue
OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of symbiont, or the progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's vascular tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host autophagy
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
autophagy involved in symbiotic interaction
modulation by symbiont of host autophagic process
adhesion of symbiont hyphopodium to host
The attachment of a hyphopodium of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
adhesion of symbiont hyphopodium to host during symbiotic interaction
obsolete autophagy of symbiont cells on or near host surface
OBSOLETE. The process in which symbiont cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, occurring when the symbiont is on or near its host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete autophagy of symbiont cells involved in interaction with host
OBSOLETE. The process in which symbiont cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm during interaction with its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete spore autophagy involved in appressorium formation on or near host
OBSOLETE. The process in which a symbiont spore digests parts of its own cytoplasm, occurring when the appressorium forms on or near the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by host of symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The receptor is defined as a protein on the cell membrane or within the cytoplasm or cell nucleus that binds to a specific molecule (a ligand) such as a neurotransmitter or a hormone or other substance, and initiates the cellular response to the ligand. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by host of symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by host of symbiont G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by host of symbiont G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of symbiont G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by host of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by host of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by host of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by host of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by host of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The receptor is defined as a protein on the cell membrane or within the cytoplasm or cell nucleus that binds to a specific molecule (a ligand) such as a neurotransmitter or a hormone or other substance, and initiates the cellular response to the ligand. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase activity
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
suppression by symbiont of host receptor-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated signal transduction
induction by symbiont of host receptor-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated signal transduction
induction by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction
modulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
suppression by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction
obsolete suppression by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete induction by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
induction by symbiont of host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation by symbiont of host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction
positive regulation by symbiont of host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction
positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit
positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit
positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit
modulation by symbiont of host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction
modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit
modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit
modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit
suppression by symbiont of host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation by symbiont of host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction
negative regulation by symbiont of host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction
negative regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit
negative regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit
negative regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit
induction by symbiont of host protein kinase-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation by symbiont of host protein kinase-mediated signal transduction
modulation by symbiont of host protein kinase-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host Ca++ or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
suppression by symbiont of host protein kinase-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation by symbiont of host protein kinase-mediated signal transduction
suppression by symbiont of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation by symbiont of host Ca++ or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
negative regulation by symbiont of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
induction by symbiont of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation by symbiont of host Ca++ or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
positive regulation by symbiont of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont organism or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the redox environment in host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
response of symbiont to host redox environment
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting iron concentration in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
response of symbiont to host iron concentration
response to host oxygen tension environment
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting oxygen tension in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
response of symbiont to host oxygen tension environment
obsolete symbiont tolerance to host environment
OBSOLETE. Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against the components of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its protein kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its protein kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting host molecules in, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting host molecules in, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting host molecules in, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of symbiont transcription in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its transcription as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete regulation of transcription in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its transcription as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which an organized mass of hyphae is formed and numerous infective hyphae develop from the hyphae mass.
infection cushion formation on or near host
obsolete negative regulation of symbiont transcription in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its transcription as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of infection cushion formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont infection cushion formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of infection cushion formation on or near host
regulation of infection cushion formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont infection cushion formation.
regulation of infection cushion formation on or near host
The process in which a specialized structure, consisted of stalked, thick-walled, lobed cells of vegetative epiphytic hyphae, is formed, to attach and penetrate the host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation of infection cushion formation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont infection cushion formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation of infection cushion formation on or near host
positive regulation of hyphopodium formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of hyphopodium formation on or near host
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
regulation of hyphopodium formation on or near host
obsolete autophagy of host cells on or near symbiont surface
OBSOLETE. The process in which the host cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, occurring when the host is on or near its symbiont surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation of hyphopodium formation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation of hyphopodium formation on or near host
regulation of haustorium mother cell formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
regulation of haustorium mother cell formation on or near host
The process in which a symbiont cell is formed, separated from the tip of an infection hypha by a septum. The haustorium mother cell usually contains 2-4 fungal nuclei, and its function is to attach and penetrate the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
haustorium mother cell formation on or near host
negative regulation of haustorium mother cell formation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation of haustorium mother cell formation on or near host
positive regulation of haustorium mother cell formation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of haustorium mother cell formation on or near host
The assembly by the symbiont of a neck-like structure for the purpose of penetration into its host organism. The neck-like structure connects haustorium mother cell and haustorium. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
formation of symbiont haustorium neck for entry into host
symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host
adhesion of symbiont haustorium mother cell to host
The attachment of a haustorium mother cell of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
adhesion of symbiont haustorium mother cell to host during symbiotic interaction
positive regulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The assembly by the symbiont of a threadlike, tubular structure, which may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa or cross-walls, for the purpose of penetration into its host organism. In the case of an appressorium existing, this term is defined in further details as the process in which the symbiont penetration peg expands to form a hypha which traverses the epidermal cell and emerges into the intercellular space of the mesophyll tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
formation of symbiont penetration hypha for entry into host
symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host
obsolete negative regulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of penetration hypha formation
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host
regulation of penetration hypha formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host
obsolete modulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The cAMP-mediated signal transduction is defined as a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signal transduction
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
induction by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signaling
positive regulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction
modulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signaling
obsolete regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signaling in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
suppression by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signaling
negative regulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction
obsolete negative regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in response to host
OBSOLETE. Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation of spore encystment on host
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of spore encystment on host
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation of zoospore encystment on host
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont zoospore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation of zoospore encystment on host
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of zoospore encystment on host
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination.
modulation of sporangium germination on or near host
The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont sporangium following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth. A sporangium is a structure producing and containing spores.
germination of symbiont sporangium on or near host
symbiont sporangium germination on or near host
negative regulation of sporangium germination
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination.
negative regulation of sporangium germination on or near host
positive regulation of sporangium germination
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination.
positive regulation of sporangium germination on or near host
regulation of encysted zoospore germination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an encysted zoospore germination.
modulation of encysted zoospore germination on or near host
regulation of encysted zoospore germination on or near host
The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in an encysted zoospore, that germinates by developing a germ tube that may penetrate the host directly or indirectly through an appressorium. An encysted zoospore is a zoospore which has shed its flagellum and whose membrane has fused to form a walled cyst. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
encysted zoospore germination on or near host
negative regulation of encysted zoospore germination
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of encysted zoospore germination.
negative regulation of encysted zoospore germination on or near host
positive regulation of encysted zoospore germination
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of encysted zoospore germination.
positive regulation of encysted zoospore germination on or near host
obsolete modulation of spore movement on or near host
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the directed movement of a motile spore on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete negative regulation of spore movement on or near host
OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of spore movement on or near host
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete modulation of zoospore movement on or near host
OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore movement on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete zoospore movement on or near host
OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the directed movement of a zoospore on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete obsolete negative regulation of zoospore movement on or near host
OBSOLETE. OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
obsolete positive regulation of zoospore movement on or near host
OBSOLETE. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.
positive regulation of zoospore formation
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.
The process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form an oospore, a thick-walled resting spore of Oomycetes and certain algae and fungi.
negative regulation of zoospore formation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.
positive regulation of oospore formation
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.
The process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium; in heteroecious rusts, the aeciospore is a spore stage that infects the alternate host.
negative regulation of oospore formation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.
positive regulation of aeciospore formation
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.
The process which specific outcome is the formation of an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, produced in a structure called a uredinium; mostly found in the rust fungus.
negative regulation of aeciospore formation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.
positive regulation of uredospore formation
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uredospore formation, a process in which an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, is formed in a structure called a uredinium.
positive regulation of ureidospore formation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uredospore formation, a process in which an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, is formed in a structure called a uredinium.